tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comorbidities and risk of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy among participants in SWOG clinical trials.
Authors: Dawn L. Hershman, Cathee Till, Jason Dennis Wright, Danielle Awad, Scott David Ramsey, William E. Barlow, Lori M. Minasian, Joseph M. Unger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

10001 Background: Neuropathy is a debilitating toxicity associated with various chemotherapy agents. We evaluated the association between common comorbid conditions and the development of peripheral neuropathy in patients treated with taxane-based chemotherapy. Methods: We examined the SWOG database to identify phase II/III trials that included taxane therapy from 1999-2011. We linked the SWOG clinical records to Medicare claims data according to social security number, sex, and date of birth. The following disease conditions potentially associated with peripheral neuropathy were evaluated: diabetes, hypothyroid, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, varicella zoster, peripheral vascular disease, and autoimmune diseases. Multivariate logistic regression was used to model the odds of experiencing Grade 2-4 neuropathy. Results: A total of n = 1401 patients from 23 studies were included in the analysis. Of these 251/1401 patients (18%) had Grade 2-4 neuropathy. Patients receiving paclitaxel were more likely to experience neuropathy (25% vs. 12%; OR = 2.20,95% CI:1.52-3.18, p < .0001) compared to docetaxel. The inclusion of a platinum agent in addition to a taxane was also associated with greater neuropathy (OR = 1.68,95% CI:1.18-2.40, p = .004). For each increase in age of one year, the odds of neuropathy increased 4% (p = .006). Patients with complications from diabetes had twice the odds of neuropathy (OR = 2.13, 95%CI:1.31-3.46, p = .002) compared to patients with no diabetes. In contrast, patients with autoimmune disease were half as likely to experience neuropathy (OR = 0.49, 95%CI:0.24-1.02, p = .06). There were higher rates of Grade 2-4 neuropathy (22% vs. 0%, p = .0005) among diabetics on taxane therapy compared diabetics who did not receive a taxane or a platinum agent. Conclusions: In summary, we found that in addition to drug-related factors, age and history of diabetes are independent predictors of the development of CIPN. Interestingly, we also observed that a history of autoimmune disease was associated with reduced odds of neuropathy. Patients with diabetic complications may choose to avoid paclitaxel, or taxane/platinum combination therapies, if other efficacious options exist.
Tongue image information for prediction esophageal precancerous lesion: A multi-centric logistic regression analysis of esophageal cancer high risk population in China.
Authors: Bo Deng, Zhifeng Chen, Xinzheng Wang, Guohui Song, Jinlong Duan, Liqun Jia
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e15579 Background: More than 50% esophageal cancer cases of the world are in China. The main causative factors that contribute to extremely high incidence of esophageal cancer (9.15/ million) in certain rural areas of China has not yet been elucidated. Screening and diagnosis of precancerous lesions and early stage cancer are main neasures of decreasing incidence rate and mortality rate. Methods: High-risk population (40-69 years old) in high risk areas of esophageal cancer, Cixian and Yangcheng were screened, and 4742 cases were included. They were divided into 4 groups: normal group, esophagitis/gastritis, esophageal neoplasia low-level group and esophageal neoplasia high-level group, according to pathology and electronic gastroscope diagnosis. Diagnostic testing lingual information collection system (DS01-B) was used and tongue image were collected, including tongue color, coating color, fur character, tongue shape, local ecchymosis, et al. Difference of tongue image information was analyzed by multi-factor logistic regression using SPSS and R statistical software. Results: Logistic regression analysis showed that dark purplish tongue colour, and tongue local ecchymosis were correlated to precancerous lesions and early stage cancer (P &lt; 0.01 or P &lt; 0.05). Red and crimson tongue, yellow and white coated tongue, spotted tongue and tongue local ecchymosis were correlated to esophagitis and gastritis(P &lt; 0.01 or P &lt; 0.05). Logistic regression model had diagnostic total coincidence rate (69.4%) for early esophageal cancer screening. Conclusions: Multi-factor logistic regression model based on tongue image information has clinical value of prediction esophageal precancerous lesion.
Phase I study of oral ridaforolimus in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with solid cancers.
Authors: Hye Sook Chon, Sachin M. Apte, Mian M. Shahzad, Irene Williams-Elson, Sokbum Kang, Jae K Lee, Robert Michael Wenham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e17031 Background: Ridaforolimus (Rida) is a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor that has activity in solid tumors. Paclitaxel and carboplatin (PC) have broad antineoplastic activity in many cancers. This phase I trial was conducted to determine the safety profile, maximal tolerated dose (MTD), and recommended Phase II dose and schedule (RP2DS) and of oral ridaforolimus combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin in patients with solid cancers. Methods: Eligible patients (pts) with solid cancers received oral Rida from 10 to 30 mg daily for 5 days per week combined P (175mg/m2) and C (AUC 5 to 6 mg/ml/min) intravenously in 3 week cycle. A standard 3+3 design was used to escalate dosing with predefined changes to an alternate dosing schedule and/or changes in carboplatin AUC dosing based on dose limiting toxicity (DLT). Secondary information was collected regarding response and time to progression. Pts were continued on treatment if tolerating therapy and demonstrating stable disease or better. Results: Thirty-one pts were consented, 28 patients were screened, and 24 patients passed screening and received treatment. Two pts were replaced for events unrelated to drug-related toxicity for 22 DLT-evaluable patients. Two Grade (G) 4 DLTs due to neutropenia were observed in dose level 1. The next cohort was changed to a predefined alternate dosing schedule (days 1-5 and 8-12). DLTs were neutropenia, sepsis, mucositis, and thrombocytopenia. The most common adverse effects were neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, fatigue, anemia, alopecia, nausea, pain and leukopenia.Twenty four pts received a median of 4 cycles (range 1-12). Evaluable pts (18) for response demonstrated a median tumor measurement decrease of 25%. Best response in these 18 patients included 9 patients with partial response (50%), 6 with stable disease (33%), and 3 with progressive disease (17%). Thirteenpts received treatment for 4 or more cycles. Conclusions: Treatment with ridaforolimus combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin has no unanticipated toxicities with antineoplastic activity. The RP2DS is Rida 30 mg (days 1-5 and 8-12) combined with day 1 P (175 mg/m2) and C (AUC = 5 mg/ml/min) on a 21-day cycle. Clinical trial information: NCT01256268.
Doctors choose Google Translate to communicate with patients because of easy access
Authors: Tom Moberly
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Doctors are using Google Translate to overcome language barriers in patient consultations, a research team at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has found.

The researchers learnt about doctors’ use of online translation tools while studying attitudes to vaccination among Polish and Romanian communities in England. The team spoke to doctors and others involved in delivering vaccines to these communities, who said that they often used online services rather than telephone or face to …
Abstract B047: Biochemical parameters of prostate cancer patients in Nigeria
Authors: Emeka Iweala, Solomon Rotimi, Faith Kanu, Chidiebere Ogo
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract The screening of biochemical parameters of cancer patients and their development into reliable and specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers has been reported in several studies. The biochemical signature of prostate cancer patients in Nigeria may vary from others and can serve as important leads in discovery of new biomarkers for the disease. This will ultimately provide more information on the specific causes and prognosis of the disease as well as improve its diagnosis and management. This study examined some biochemical parameters including alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TRIG), reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation and peroxidase (POD) in the plasma of prostate cancer patients and controls. The data obtained indicate that there were no significant differences in the ALT, LDL, HDL, and POD while ALP and TRIG were significantly increased. Also, there was a significant reduction in GSH. This indicates the possible implication of ALP, TRIG, and GSH in prostate cancer disease in Nigeria and their potential to be further developed into diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Citation Format: Emeka Iweala, Solomon Rotimi, Faith Kanu, Chidiebere Ogo. Biochemical parameters of prostate cancer patients in Nigeria [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Prostate Cancer: Advances in Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research; 2017 Dec 2-5; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(16 Suppl):Abstract nr B047.
Prevalence and incidence of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Philipp Sewerin, Ralph Brinks, Matthias Schneider, Isabell Haase, Stefan Vordenbäumen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

Psoriasis (Pso) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are inflammatory disorders which can severely impair health and quality of life. For both Pso and PsA, an increasing prevalence has been reported.1 2 Comprehensive data on the prevalence and incidence of Pso and PsA are important in order to adequately allocate specialist care and financial resources. These data are incomplete for Pso and especially PsA. In particular, no population-based study has estimated their prevalence or incidence in Germany. We obtained the statutory health insurance data of approximately 65 million people from 2009 to 2012, covering 80% of the German population. Pso and PsA age-standardised prevalence based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes was obtained and age-standardised incidence rates calculated as described previously.3 Briefly, cross-sectional prevalence data of consecutive years were used in conjunction with different assumed mortality rates of 1.1–1.5, with assumed …
Collecting wisdom: Creating an evidence framework for personalized cancer therapy.
Authors: Damian Tobias Rieke, Konrad Friedrich Klinghammer, Frederick Klauschen, Sebastian Ochsenreither, Susen Burock, Alberto Fusi, Christine Sers, Korinna Jöhrens, Michael Hummel, Verena Waltraut Materna, Inge Tinhofer, Manfred Dietel, Reinhold Schäfer, Ulrich Keilholz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e23141 Background: Cancer profiling is receiving increased attention, but comprehensive algorithms to guide targeted and immunotherapies for patients are scarce and complex biomarker data are not easily accessible to clinicians. Methods: Databases (TARGET database, mycancergenome.org, pct.mdanderson.org) and pubmed (search terms “predictive biomarker” AND “cancer”) were queried to identify a gene list. For assessment of pharmacogenomic implications, public databases (CIViC at civic.genome.wustl.edu/, mycancergenome.org) and pubmed.com (search terms “GENE NAME” AND “treatment” AND “cancer”) were searched for each gene. Evidence was added to the CIViC database as applicable. Evidence levels and an algorithm to guide personalized therapy were established from literature. Results: 183 genes and 558 potential treatment options for 46 histologies were identified by 01-25-16 (257 evidence items added to civic.genome.wustl.edu). Evidence levels were applied to treatment options for all histological subtypes. More complex phenotypes (e.g. EMT, cancer stem cells) were added to the database tentatively. Thus, a continuously updated clinical algorithm was created, incorporating immune checkpoint status, panel sequencing results, assessment of pre-clinical and clinical evidence levels for molecular features within the clinico-pathological context, leading to a treatment option. Therapy recommendations for the first patients were made using this algorithm. Conclusions: A comprehensive, continuously updated clinical decision algorithm can help improve identification of profiling-based treatment options. Based on collection and analysis of currently known predictive gene aberrations from the literature and major databases, we designed a clinical decision algorithm for precision therapies that we recently implemented within the molecular tumor board at the Charité Comprehensive Cancer Center and whose performance we will systematically evaluate in the future. Comparison to similar efforts by other groups will be useful in order to further develop profiling-based precision therapy of cancer.
IL-6 immunomodulation by antibiotics in advanced ovarian cancer patients.
Authors: Pedro ALEJANDRO Lucero-Diaz, Erik Ramos, Dolores Gallardo-Rincon, Daniel Herendeen, Gabriela Borquez-Lopez, Gerardo Palacios Diaz De Leon, Sara Carrillo-Marquez, Rosana Soto, Mark Verburg, Alejandro Camacho-Hernandez, Kenneth Quayle, Jose ANTONIO Matute-Briseno, Juan Pablo Marquez-Manriquez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e17067 Background: Some antibiotics have been studied as potential cancer immunomodulatory agents. We compared the ability of two commonly used antibiotics in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from ovarian cancer patients, fosfomycin and doxycycline to both inhibit cytokine production and correlate with the immune infiltration of CD8 cells in the original primary tumor tissue from the same patients. Methods: Paraffin blocks and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from ovarian cancer patients were evaluated. Fosfomycin and Doxycycline were added individually at the following concentrations 0, 1, 5, 10, 50 and 100 uM, mixed and incubated at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. After culture, supernatants were harvested and cytokines determined by cytokine ELISA. Also tumor sections of the same patients were stained for CD8 positive cells by immunohistochemistry. Results: Both fosfomycin and doxycycline were effective in inhibiting IL-6 production in human PBMC from refractory ovarian cancer when treatment was initiated at 10 uM. Moreover, results were dose- dependent. LPS stimulation was used as basal control. The use of fosfomycin was associated with 20% inhibition at 10 uM (p < 0.001), 60% at 50 uM, 80% at 100 uM without affecting the cell viability. Doxycycline significantly inhibited IL-6 production at 50 uM (p = 0.0001), and 100 uM (p = 0.005) also without affecting cell viability significantly. Refractory ovarian cancer tissues with CD8 infiltration responded better to IL-6 inhibition in vitro than poor CD8 infiltrated tumors (p = 0.0001) with 0-3% average tumor infiltrating CD8+ cells in non-responding ovarian refractory tumors compared to 15% CD8+ cells in responders PBMCS to IL-6 modulation. PBMC from ovarian cancer patients that responded better to both drugs in vitro had higher CD8 immune infiltration and ECOG = 0. Conclusions: Data presented here suggests that the use of fosfomycin and doxycycline may serve as clinical immunomodulatory agents in ovarian cancer. Also potentially they may be putative immunomodulatory agents in combination with immunomodulatory antibodies and/or active antigen specific immunotherapy and could be more effective in tumors with CD8 infiltration.
Inappropriate Behavior by Patients and Their Families—Call It Out
Authors: Amy Nicole Cowan
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

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Effects of comprehensive genomic testing in a large non-small cell cancer NSCLC cohort: Racial and survival impacts.
Authors: Fatemeh Ardeshir-Larijani, Asrar Alahmadi, Pingfu Fu, Gary Wildey, Mary Beth Lipka, Afshin Dowlati
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

8526 Background: The clinical outcome of Non-Small Cell Cancer (NSCLC) has been advanced with molecular targeted therapy. To our knowledge, there is no data addressing targeted therapy outcomes based on race. Here, we focus on racial differences in response to targeted therapy in NSCLC. Methods: From a total of 1396 NSCLC patient between 2013 and 2017, 330 of them underwent targeted-exome sequencing. We conducted a matched study by propensity score generated using logistic regression with, sex, race, age, smoking, surgical resection, Immunotherapy and tumor stage as covariates. We used 258 genomic sequenced matched to 774 non-sequenced patients (1:3 match) to evaluate the outcomes (OS, PFS) of seven targeted gene therapies (EGFR, ALK/EML, MET, BRAF, ROS1, ERBB2, RET) using Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Of the 258 matched patients with genomic sequencing, 123 had at least one of the seven targeted gene mutations and 80 patients received targeted therapy (66% Caucasians, 24% African American (AA) , 10% others). The percentage of patients receiving targeted therapy for their tumors was 94% with EGFR (60/77), 35% with MET (6/17), 100% with ALK/EML (6/6), 0.05% with BRAF (1/19), 20% with RET (1/5), 50% with ROS1 (1/2), and 62% with ERBB2 (5/8) mutations. Independently from treatment types,those ones with genomic sequencing had significantly better OS (P = 0.002, 25.3 Vs. 14.6 months) and PFS (P = 0.008, 21.8 Vs. 12.3 Months) compared to non-sequenced matched control subjects. Patients who underwent targeted genomic therapy had both better OS (35.2 Vs. 28.3 m, P = 0.03) and PFS (29 Vs. 16.3 m, P = 0.01). There was no significant racial difference in baseline characteristics and driver mutation frequency (p = 0.47) except that ALK/EML had a higher mutation rate in AA (P = 0.019). No racial disparity in receiving targeted therapy (P = 0.45) was observed. Notably, Caucasian patients with mutant EGFR or ALK had significantly better OS (P = 0.01, 34.2 Vs. 14.9 m) and PFS (P = 0.02, 24.4 Vs.13.5) compared with AA patients. Conclusions: Genomic sequencing and targeted therapy increased survival outcomes in advanced NSCLC patients. Caucasians harboring EGFR or ALK/EML mutations had better survival compared to AAs.
Treatment of radioiodine refractory high-differentiated thyroid cancer with lenvatinib.
Authors: Ilya Romanov, Ali Mudunov, Pavel Isaev, Yury Bychkov, Akgul Odzharova
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e17518 Background:Long time the patients with high-differentiated thyroid cancer with distant metastases had only one type of treatment. It was radioiodine therapy courses and follow-up. In cases of revealed radioiodine (RAI) refractory process we did not have possibilities for treatment this category of patients. Results of trials DECISION and SELECT gave to oncologist new keys for successful treatment. We present our group of RAI refractory thyroid cancer patients, which was treated by Lenvatinib like routine clinical practice. Methods:We have on treatment 8 patients (3-male, 5-female). Histologically – papillary thyroid carcinoma. Provisions of national clinical recommendations were considered as criteria of a RAI-refractory status. Existence of a symptomatic progression of a tumor was main criterion. Results:Six patients received from 7 to 14 month courses of treatment. All these patients are revealed partial response of the tumor lesions by PET-FDG-CT and the dramatically decrease of thyroglobulin level is noted. Two patients stopped treatment after 1 month of therapy. One patient due to destructive pneumonia, other patient – death due to myocardial infarction. Adverse events not related with Lenvatinib. The adverse events were controllable. We noted the expressed arterial hypertension. Before correction of a dose of a drug increase of arterial pressure more than 160/100 mm Hg is noted. Arterial pressure managed to be corrected the combined scheme of therapy (amlodipin, bisoprolol, hydrochlorthiazide). Correction of a dose of lenvatinib is made at 3 patients to 20 mg daily, 2 patient – 14. Conclusions:Introduction of a lenvatinib clinical practice is very successful. But we noted of important accurate expert selection of patients for treatment after establishment of a condition of a RAI-refractory and revealed really symptomatic progression, adequate correction of the adverse effects (arterial hypertension) and well-timed correction of a dose of a lenvatinib.