Pregnancy Outcomes After Maternal Zika Virus Infection During Pregnancy — U.S. Territories, January 1, 2016–April 25, 2017
Authors: Carrie K. Shapiro-Mendoza, Marion E. Rice, Romeo R. Galang, Anna C. Fulton, Kelley VanMaldeghem, Miguel Valencia Prado, Esther Ellis, Magele Scott Anesi, Regina M. Simeone, Emily E. Petersen, Sascha R. Ellington, Abbey M. Jones, Tonya Williams, Sarah Reagan-Steiner, Janice Perez-Padilla, Carmen C. Deseda, Andrew Beron, Aifili John Tufa, Asher Rosinger, Nicole M. Roth, Caitlin Green, Stacey Martin, Camille Delgado Lopez, Leah deWilde, Mary Goodwin, H. Pamela Pagano, Cara T. Mai, Carolyn Gould, Sherif Zaki, Leishla Nieves Ferrer, Michelle S. Davis, Eva Lathrop, Kara Polen, Janet D. Cragan, Megan Reynolds, Kimberly B. Newsome, Mariam Marcano Huertas, Julu Bhatangar, Alma Martinez Quiñones, John F. Nahabedian, Laura Adams, Tyler M. Sharp, W. Thane Hancock, Sonja A. Rasmussen, Cynthia A. Moore, Denise J. Jamieson, Jorge L. Munoz-Jordan, Helentina Garstang, Afeke Kambui, Carolee Masao, Margaret A. Honein, Dana Meaney-Delman, Adriana Rico, Alba Phippard, Alexis B. Peterson, Ana Pomales, Annelise C. Arth, April Dawson, Araceli Rey, Argelia Figueroa, Audilis Sanchez, Brittany Robinson, Daniel B. Williams, Deborah L. Dee, Divia P. Forbes, Elizabeth C. Ailes, Frances Marrero, Gamola Z. Fortenberry, Hilda Razzaghi, Jean Y. Ko, Jennifer N. Lind, Kenneth Lee Dominguez, Kristie Clarke, Maria Flores, Matthew S. Biggerstaff, Melissa Danielson, Monica Molina, Nicholas J. Somerville, Rachel Blumenfeld, Raegan A. Tuff, Rebecca J. Free, Sae-Rom Chae, Sara Andrist, Shin Y. Kim, Tanya L. Williams, Theresa A. Harrington, Tracy Thomason, Vikram Krishnasamy
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

Pregnant women living in or traveling to areas with local mosquito-borne Zika virus transmission are at risk for Zika virus infection, which can lead to severe fetal and infant brain abnormalities and microcephaly (1). In February 2016, CDC recommended 1) routine testing for Zika virus infection of asymptomatic pregnant women living in areas with ongoing local Zika virus transmission at the first prenatal care visit, 2) retesting during the second trimester for women who initially test negative, and 3) testing of pregnant women with signs or symptoms consistent with Zika virus disease (e.g., fever, rash, arthralgia, or conjunctivitis) at any time during pregnancy (2). To collect information about pregnant women with laboratory evidence of recent possible Zika virus infection* and outcomes in their fetuses and infants, CDC established pregnancy and infant registries (3). During January 1, 2016-April 25, 2017, U.S. territories† with local transmission of Zika virus reported 2,549 completed pregnancies§ (live births and pregnancy losses at any gestational age) with laboratory evidence of recent possible Zika virus infection; 5% of fetuses or infants resulting from these pregnancies had birth defects potentially associated with Zika virus infection¶ (4,5). Among completed pregnancies with positive nucleic acid tests confirming Zika infection identified in the first, second, and third trimesters, the percentage of fetuses or infants with possible Zika-associated birth defects was 8%, 5%, and 4%, respectively. Among liveborn infants, 59% had Zika laboratory testing results reported to the pregnancy and infant registries. Identification and follow-up of infants born to women with laboratory evidence of recent possible Zika virus infection during pregnancy permits timely and appropriate clinical intervention services (6).