tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Meaning of Glutamate and the Quest for Biomarkers in the Transition to Psychosis
Authors: Juan R. Bustillo, Christopher E. Gaudiot, Rhoshel K. Lenroot
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
The Pneumatic Retinopexy versus Vitrectomy for the Management of Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Outcomes Randomized Trial (PIVOT)
Authors: Roxane J. Hillier, Tina Felfeli, Alan R. Berger, David T. Wong, Filiberto Altomare, David Dai, Louis R. Giavedoni, Peter J. Kertes, Radha P. Kohly, Rajeev H. Muni
Journal: Ophthalmology (2018)
Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Pain In Children and Adolescent with Sickle Cell Anemia.
Authors: Deepika Darbari, Onyinye Onyekwere, Mehdi Nouraie, Gregory J. Kato, Caterina Minniti, Craig Sable, Gregory Ensing, Niti Dham, Andrew Campbell, Manuel Arteta, Sohail Rana, Mark Gladwin, Oswaldo Castro, Victor R. Gordeuk
Journal: Blood (2010)
Efficacy and safety of the Met inhibitor tepotinib in patients (pts) with advanced Met+ hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) previously treated with sorafenib
Authors: T. Decaens, C. Barone, E. Assenat, M. Wermke, A. Fasolo, P. Merle, J.-F. Blanc, V. Grando, R. Bruns, J. Straub, C. Zhao, S. Faivre
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
NHS England tells CCGs to end postcode lottery over diabetes glucose devices
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2018)

All clinical commissioning groups in England should make “flash” glucose monitoring devices available to patients with type 1 diabetes who meet the current clinical guidelines, NHS England has said.

The announcement means that more patients will be able to get the devices on prescription from their local GP or a specialist diabetes team from April 2019, regardless of where they live. Abbott’s FreeStyle Libre is currently the only such device available in the UK.

The decision comes just a week after a BMJ investigation lifted the lid …
IMpower133: Primary efficacy and safety + CNS-related adverse events in a phase I/III study of first-line (1L) atezolizumab + carboplatin + etoposide in extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC)
Authors: T.S.K. Mok, M. Reck, L. Horn, S. Lam, D.S. Shames, J. Liu, F. Kabbinavar, W. Lin, A. Sandler, S.V. Liu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
The Genome Landscape of Tibetan Sheep Reveals Adaptive Introgression from Argali and the History of Early Human Settlements on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Xiao-Ju Hu, Ji Yang, Xing-Long Xie, Feng-Hua Lv, Yin-Hong Cao, Wen-Rong Li, Ming-Jun Liu, Yu-Tao Wang, Jin-Quan Li, Yong-Gang Liu, Yan-Lin Ren, Zhi-Qiang Shen, Feng Wang, EEr Hehua, Jian-Lin Han, Meng-Hua Li
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2018)

Tibetan sheep are the most common and widespread domesticated animals on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and have played an essential role in the permanent human occupation of this high-altitude region. However, the precise timing, route, and process of sheep pastoralism in the QTP region remain poorly established, and little is known about the underlying genomic changes that occurred during the process. Here, we investigate the genomic variation in Tibetan sheep using whole-genome sequences, single nucleotide polymorphism arrays, mitochondrial DNA, and Y-chromosomal variants in 986 samples throughout their distribution range. We detect strong signatures of selection in genes involved in the hypoxia and ultraviolet signaling pathways (e.g., HIF-1 pathway and HBB and MITF genes) and in genes associated with morphological traits such as horn size and shape (e.g., RXFP2). We identify clear signals of argali (Ovis ammon) introgression into sympatric Tibetan sheep, covering 5.23–5.79% of their genomes. The introgressed genomic regions are enriched in genes related to oxygen transportation system, sensory perception, and morphological phenotypes, in particular the genes HBB and RXFP2 with strong signs of adaptive introgression. The spatial distribution of genomic diversity and demographic reconstruction of the history of Tibetan sheep show a stepwise pattern of colonization with their initial spread onto the QTP from its northeastern part ∼3,100 years ago, followed by further southwest expansion to the central QTP ∼1,300 years ago. Together with archeological evidence, the date and route reveal the history of human expansions on the QTP by the Tang–Bo Ancient Road during the late Holocene. Our findings contribute to a depth understanding of early pastoralism and the local adaptation of Tibetan sheep as well as the late-Holocene human occupation of the QTP.
Balancing fairness and efficacy in lung allocation for transplantation: unfinished business
Authors: Keith C Meyer
Journal: Thorax (2018)

While the field of lung transplantation has evolved considerably since the first lung transplant with long-term success was performed in 1983,1 the need for donated lungs to help patients with progressive end-stage lung diseases that do not respond to non-transplant therapies continues to outstrip the availability of lungs from organ donors.2 Many patients with certain types of lung disease or other characteristics such as short stature or ABO blood type O may be less likely to receive an organ offer than those with different profiles and are, therefore, more at risk to die while waitlisted and awaiting lung transplantation.3 4 Organ allocation systems need to evolve (along with improvements in technical and medical aspects of lung transplantation) to optimally balance fairness and efficacy in donor lung allocation while also attempting to minimise the risk of death without transplant for waitlisted patients, optimise post-transplant survival and quality of life and avoid unsustainable resource utilisation.

In this issue of the journal, Kourliouros et al 5 examined outcomes emanating from the donor lung allocation system used in the UK by examining National Health Service UK Transplant Registry data for a patient cohort (n=2213) comprised of all adult patients (≥16 years old) registered for lung transplantation between January 2004 and March 2014. Donor lung allocation to listed patients during this period of time was at the discretion of the specific transplant centre (there are five designated centres in the UK for adult lung transplantation) at which candidates were listed for transplantation, and decisions for which patient to transplant with available organs were based on clinical assessments that would often take into account both waiting times and the degree of acuity for a specific patient. Statistical analyses of the available data showed that disease-specific and key patient-specific factors had a significant impact on length of time from …
Abstract 20415: Incidence of Post-Procedural Myocardial Infarction and Risk of Recurrent Cardiac Events After Coronary Stenting
Authors: Jaya Chandrasekhar, Usman Baber, Melissa Aquino, Samantha Sartori, Pooja Vijay, Shrushti Shah, Michela Faggioni, Birgit Vogel, Serdar Farhan, Gennaro Giustino, Pedro Moreno, Prakash Krishnan, George Dangas, Jason Kovacic, Roxana Mehran, Samin Sharma, Annapoorna Kini
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: The impact of post-procedural myocardial infarction (PPMI) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on clinical outcomes in the era of novel P2Y12 therapies is unclear. Hypothesis: Novel antiplatelet agents may decrease the risk of adverse outcomes in PPMI patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients from a large tertiary center database for the incidence of PPMI and clinical outcomes from 2008-2014. PPMI was defined using the third universal definition of MI. We evaluated 1-year death, MI, target vessel revascularization and MACE (composite of death or MI) between the groups. Multivariable adjustment methods were used to calculate adjusted risks. Results: During the study period, 15266 patients underwent PCI, among these 1460 (9.6%) had PPMI. Patients with PPMI were older with a higher prevalence of female sex, diabetes, renal dysfunction and lower left ventricular ejection fraction compared to their counterparts without PPMI. Use of potent P2Y12 inhibitors was ...
Challenges and approaches in the discovery of human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Authors: Leandro Battini, Mariela Bollini
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2018)

Abstract The type I human immunodeficiency virus (HIV‐1) pandemic affecting over 37 million people worldwide continues, with 1.8 million people newly infected each year. Highly active antiretroviral therapy is efficient at reducing viral load and nearly one‐half of the infected population is on treatment. One of the most successful approaches for the treatment of HIV infections is the use of inhibitors for human immunodeficiency virus type‐1 reverse transcriptase (HIV‐1 RT). At present, there are six nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) approved for clinical use: nevirapine (NVP), delavirdine (DLV), efavirenz (EFV), etravirine (ETV), rilpivirine (RPV), and elsulfavirine. In this review, we will cover the development of different classes of NNRTIs over the last two decades. We will give an overview of traditional medicinal chemistry strategies for structural modification as bioisosterism principles, scaffold hopping, substitute decoration, and molecular hybridization. Furthermore, computer‐aid design as virtual screening, de novo design and free‐energy perturbation will be described in details.
SAT0285 Efficacy of early versus delayed initiation of anti-tnf-alpha treatment in axial spondyloarthritis. data from the czech registry attra
Authors: H. Mann, K. Bubová, J. Závada, Š. Forejtová, Z. Křístková, L. Szczuková, P. Horák, J. Vencovský, K. Pavelka
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

<h3>Background</h3> Anti-TNF-α agents are the mainstay of pharmacotherapy for patients with axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) who failed treatment with NSAIDs. A little is known about the influence of early versus delayed treatment initiation on their clinical efficacy. <h3>Objectives</h3> To compare change of disease activity in AxSpA patients on anti-TNF-α therapy based on symptom duration prior to treatment initiation. <h3>Methods</h3> Baseline demographic data and efficacy parameters of patients starting their first anti-TNF-α treatment ≤10 years (EARLY) or &gt;10 years (DEALYED) after first symptoms of AxSpA from the Czech national registry ATTRA were compared. Mean ±SD and absolute/relative frequencies were used to describe continuous and categorical variables, respectively. P-value of Fisher‘s exact test and Mann-Whitney test is given when assessing difference between groups in categorical and continuous variables. ATTRA is a centralised prospective computerised registry of patients receiving bDMARD therapy for rheumatic diseases collecting data on efficacy, safety and quality of life of all patients treated in the Czech Republic. Anti-TNF-α therapy was indicated for patients with AxSpA who have failed treatment with NSAIDs with CRP ≥1 mg/dl and BASDAI score ≥4. <h3>Results</h3> Data from 1290 axSpA patients were available for analysis. 618 patients started treatment ≤10 years (EARLY) and 672&gt;10 years (DELAYED) after the onset of AxSpA symptoms. There was no significant difference in gender distribution (71.4 vs 72.5% males; p=0.67) or age at AxSpA diagnosis (33.3±10.4 vs 33.5±10.4; p=0.68) between the two groups. At the time of anti-TNF-α initiation EARLY patients were significantly younger (36.4±10.6 vs 44.0±11.2 years; p&lt;0.001) with shorter symptom duration (5.5±2.7 vs 18.9±8.1; p&lt;0.001), but disease activity assessed by BASDAI (6.3±1.8 vs 6.3±1.6; p=0.81) and serum CRP levels (2.6±2.5 vs 2.4±2.0 mg/dL; p=0.34) were comparable in both groups. Mean change of BASDAI scores from baseline during anti-TNF-α therapy was significantly greater in the EARLY group at all time-points (3.7±2.5 vs 3.4±2.2 at month 3, 4.2±2.5 vs 3.8±2.3 at month 6, 4.4±2.5 vs 4.0±2.3 at month 12 and 4.4±2.5 vs 4.0±2.4 at month 24; p&lt;0,05 for all) suggesting better treatment response. The difference in survival on therapy between the two groups was not statistically significant. <h3>Conclusions</h3> AxSpA patients starting anti-TNF-α therapy more than 10 years after onset of symptoms have significantly worse response to treatment compared to patients with earlier treatment initiation. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> This study was supported by the project of MHCR for conceptual development of research organisation 00023728 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Early safety from a phase I, multicenter, open-label, dose de-escalation study of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) in Japanese patients (pts) with unresectable stage IIIB-IV melanoma (MEL)
Authors: N. Yamazaki, H. Koga, T. Kojima, A. Tsutsumida, K. Namikawa, M. Yi, K. Mera, C. Pickett-Gies
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Evaluation and Management of Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association
Authors: Silva Arslanian, Fida Bacha, Margaret Grey, Marsha D. Marcus, Neil H. White, Philip Zeitler
Journal: Diabetes Care (2018)

Although all types of diabetes result in hyperglycemia, the pathophysiology of each type of diabetes is different. These guidelines summarize available data specific to the comprehensive care of youth with type 2 diabetes. The objective is to enrich the recognition of type 2 diabetes in youth, its risk factors, its pathophysiology, its management, and the prevention of associated complications.

Glucose homeostasis is maintained by a balance between insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cells and sensitivity to insulin in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and liver (1). When insulin sensitivity declines, insulin secretion must increase to maintain glucose tolerance, and, in most youth, decreased insulin sensitivity due to puberty and/or obesity is compensated by increased insulin secretion. However, when β-cells cannot secrete sufficient insulin to compensate for insulin resistance, abnormalities in glucose homeostasis ensue, potentially progressing to prediabetes and type 2 diabetes as β-cell function deteriorates further (2–9). The relationship between β-cell function and insulin sensitivity in adults and youth has been demonstrated to be a hyperbolic function and can be described mathematically as the product of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function, called the disposition index (DI) (1). The DI essentially expresses the amount of insulin being secreted relative to the degree of insulin resistance and is a constant for a given degree of glucose tolerance in any one individual.

Overweight and obesity are major acquired contributors to the development of insulin resistance, particularly in the face of the physiologic insulin resistance characteristic of puberty. Robust pancreatic β-cell compensatory insulin secretion maintains normal glucose homeostasis. However, in adolescents with obesity who develop type 2 diabetes, there is severe peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance, with ∼50% lower peripheral insulin sensitivity than peers with obesity without diabetes, along with increased fasting hepatic glucose production and inadequate first- and second-phase insulin secretion, resulting …
Percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy using a fully covered self-expandable metal stent in severe necrotizing pancreatitis
Authors: Issaree Laopeamthong, Ryosuke Tonozuka, Hiroyuki Kojima, Shuntaro Mukai, Takayoshi Tsuchiya, Atsushi Sofuni, Takao Itoi
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Direct endoscopic necrosectomy (DEN) is a minimally invasive treatment option that has been introduced in recent years for the treatment of infected walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WON), and has been performed as an alternative to operative and percutaneous therapy [1] [2] [3]. An esophageal, fully covered, self-expandable, metal stent (FCSEMS) has a large diameter and can provide effective drainage for pancreatic collections. Both ends are flared, allowing apposition, preventing migration, and facilitating endoscope passage and debridement in the retroflexed position. Herein, we demonstrate technically and clinically successful treatment of WON by DEN using an FCSEMS in a patient who was not a candidate for a transgastric approach. This treatment could be a good therapeutic option for infected WON lesions located some distance from the gastric wall.
Abstract P321: Family Member Incarceration and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Mexican Women
Authors: Kaela M Connors, Mario H Flores-Torres, Dalia Stern, Unnur Valdemarsdottir, Ruy Lopez-Ridaura, Carlos Cantú-Brito, Andres Catzin, Beatriz Rodriguez, Catalina Pérez-Correa, Martín Lajous
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Losing a family member to incarceration is a stressful life event associated with emotional and financial burdens potentially influencing cardiovascular health through altered behavioral changes and psychobiological processes. Because of men′s higher likelihood of incarceration, women may disproportionately shoulder this burden. As the prison population increases globally, there is a need to evaluate the impact of incarceration on cardiovascular health in women. Hypothesis: Women who have or have ever had a family member in prison are more likely to have subclinical CVD compared to women without ever having an incarcerated family member. Methods: We examined the association between family member incarceration, carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT), and subclinical CVD (sCVD) in 1,848 women reporting no CVD from the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort. Between 2013 and 2016, women responded to family incarceration related questions from the Life Stressor Checklist (LSC). We categorized women according to their response on whether they have or have ever had a family member incarcerated. IMT was measured on both carotid arteries through ultrasound by standardized neurologists and log transformed. We defined sCVD as an intima media thickness of ≥0.8mm in either of the carotid arteries or the presence of plaque. We collected data on potential cofounders (age, site, health insurance provider, indigenous background, education, marital status, socio-economic status, and LSC-measured exposure to violence) and potential intermediates (anthropometry, smoking, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, and self-reported treated depression). We used multivariable linear and logistic regression models to assess the association between family incarceration, IMT, and subclinical CVD. Results: Among 275 (14.9%) women having experienced family incarceration, obesity (40.4% vs. 37.8%), smoking (8.7% vs. 6.5%), hypercholesterolemia (20.4% vs. 17.5%), and depression (7.3% vs. 4.7%) were more common relative to women without family incarceration. We did not observe an association between family incarceration and IMT when comparing exposed to unexposed women (confounder-adjusted mean % difference=0.48; 95%CI -01.15, 2.11). The prevalence of sCVD was 28.4% in women who ever experienced family incarceration and 20.9% in women with no family incarceration. The confounder-adjusted odds ratio for sCVD among women that have ever had an incarcerated family member was 1.40 (95%CI 1.03, 1.91) relative to women with no family incarceration. Conclusion: Having or having had an incarcerated family member was associated with increased sCVD in middle-aged Mexican women. Incarceration of a family member may exert a psychological burden that could disproportionally affect women’s cardiovascular health.
SAT0367 Patients hospitalisedwith gout as main diagnosis: costs and efficiency according to hospital departments
Authors: M. Hernández Hurtado, M.Á. Martínez Huedo, A. Balsa Criado, D. Peiteado López, E. De Miguel Mendieta
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

<h3>Background</h3> Gout is the most common inflammatory articular disease in adults concerning a 1%–2% of the general population, and even a 4%–5% in older than 70 years. Recently, it has been reported an increase of the prevalence of gout, especially in developed countries. <h3>Objectives</h3> The main objective of this study is to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of gout hospitalised patients in Spain (as the main reason of admission) and the economic outcomes of its management by the main care departments in charge when this disease is the principal diagnosis. <h3>Methods</h3> The main objective of this study is to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of gout hospitalised patients in Spain (as the main reason of admission) and the economic outcomes of its management by the main care departments in charge when this disease is the principal diagnosis. <h3>Results</h3> From the whole 192.037 patients we have with gout diagnosis we performed a sub-analysis of 10.512 patients with gout as the main cause of hospitalisation, from witch the 85.9% are males. The admission number for this cause has remained constant or with a slight increase, with an average of 956 patients per year (equivalent to a 5.5% of gout total admissions). The average male age was 64.02 years (standard deviation (SD) 14.43) and 73.9 years (SD 13.69) for women (p&lt;0.001). When comparing patients with gout as main cause of admission against patients hospitalised by other causes, with gout as a secondary diagnosis. The former ones showed a significant lower percentage of comorbidities (type 2 diabetes, congestive heart failure, acute myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular disease). Regarding the average of hospital stay of these patients, it was 6.71±6.8 days with an average cost of 3471±2678 €. Three medical specialities (Internal Medicine with 3852 hospital admissions (36.6%), Rheumatology with 2600 (24.7%) and Traumatology with 2033 (19.3%)), attended to an 80.6% of the total gout patients as main diagnosis for admission. It was noticed that the hospital stay was lower in the Traumatology Department with an average of 4.85±6.78 days compared with the Rheumatology and Internal Medicine departments, which had an average of 6.52±5.65 days and 7.76±6.83 days respectively. However, it was found the lowest cost in the Rheumatology Department, with an average of 2892 €. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Only 24.7% of hospitalised patients with gout as main diagnosis are attended by Rheumatology Departments. However, Rheumatology was the most efficient clinical department in the care of this pathology. This conclusion should be considered in order to improve the management of gout in the health system <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
KRAS Mutation as a Resistance Mechanism to BRAF/MEK Inhibition in NSCLC
Authors: Maarten Niemantsverdriet, Ed Schuuring, Arja ter Elst, Antonie J. van der Wekken, Leon C. van Kempen, Anke van den Berg, Harry J.M. Groen
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2018)
NFkB is activated in colonic mucosa of healthy co-twins to twins with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Yaroslava Zhulina, V. Hahn Strömberg, A. Shamikh, A. Gustavsson, J. Bohr, N. Nyhlin, Anna Wickbom, L. Bodin, Curt Tysk, M. Carlson, Jonas Halfvarson
Journal: Gut (2011)

NFkB is activated in colonic mucosa of healthy co-twins to twins with inflammatory bowel disease