tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: C Mark B Edwards
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2004)

Seven years on from the last edition of the International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus the incidences of obesity, type 2 diabetes and even type 1 diabetes have all increased dramatically. In the year 2000, according to the World Health Organization, 150 million people worldwide were living with diabetes; by 2025 the prevalence is projected to double—probably a conservative estimate since childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes show alarming increases. Fortunately, our knowledge of pathogenesis and management has also improved. The new edition of this world-renowned reference book is therefore well timed. Aimed at an international audience it has separate sections looking at problems peculiar to certain areas of the world. This approach, unique to the International Textbook, is apposite since in parts of the developing world the increases in obesity and type 2 diabetes are exceptionally rapid.

Books such as this run the risk of gathering dust on some far-flung bookshelf. To assess its usability in everyday practice I consulted it after a few diabetic clinics and looked at certain areas relevant to the patients I had just seen. The authorship is impressive, with most of the big players contributing. This can be a recipe for turgidity but the sections I looked at were all very readable. Consulting it, I was not able to enlighten one patient as to the evidence for cinnamon treatment in type 2 diabetes; however, the book did enable me to answer queries (and sometimes to educate myself) on drugs to prevent diabetes, the physiological/pathophysiological role of C-peptide, lipodystrophies, treatments for obesity and islet transplantation—all of which are covered comprehensively. The chapters are clearly subdivided and the generous use of figures and diagrams makes the book reader-friendly; the full colour allows much clearer illustrations, particularly of retinas and microscopy slides, than black and white. A good third of the textbook is given over to references, allowing the reader to pursue points of interest. The number of chapters has increased from 74 in the first edition to 116, reflecting increasing knowledge in areas such as genetics, the pathophysiology of obesity and therapeutic agents. I was a little disappointed to see, in some chapters that have kept the original authors, the content little different from before; in most chapters, however, the material is either completely new or vastly altered.

This book is intended primarily as a work of reference for diabetes/endocrinology departments or libraries. Few consultants or specialist registrars in clinical diabetes will not find it useful and it will be valued also by diabetes researchers. At £295 it will not break a consultant or hospital trust’s bank, and is just light enough to carry from car to study without recourse to a trolley or chiropractor. For those who find the two volumes too much, in weight or price, the entire work is available online via www.Wiley.com, with the advantage of regular updating.
Investment in child and adolescent health and development: key messages from Disease Control Priorities , 3rd Edition
Authors: Donald A P Bundy, Nilanthi de Silva, Susan Horton, George C Patton, Linda Schultz, Dean T Jamison, Amina Abubakara, Amrita Ahuja, Harold Alderman, Nicolas Allen, Laura Appleby, Elisabetta Aurino, Peter Azzopardi, Sarah Baird, Louise Banham, Jere Behrman, Habib Benzian, Sonia Bhalotra, Zulfiqar Bhutta, Maureen Black, Paul Bloem, Chris Bonell, Mark Bradley, Sally Brinkman, Simon Brooker, Carmen Burbano, Nicolas Burnett, Tania Cernuschi, Sian Clarke, Carolyn Coffey, Peter Colenso, Kevin Croke, Amy Daniels, Elia De la Cruz, Damien de Walque, Anil Deolaikar, Lesley Drake, Lia Fernald, Meena Fernandes, Deepika Fernando, Günther Fink, Rae Galloway, Aulo Gelli, Andreas Georgiadis, Caroline Gitonga, Boitshepo Giyosa, Paul Glewwe, Joseph Gona Nzovu, Amber Gove, Natasha Graham, Brian Greenwood, Elena Grigorenko, Cai Heath, Joan Hamory Hicks, Melissa Hidrobo, Kenneth Hill, Tara Hill, T. Deirdre Hollingsworth, Elissa Kennedy, Imran Khan, Josephine Kiamba, Jane Kim, Michael Kremer, D. Scott LaMontagne, Zohra Lassi, Ramanan Laxminarayan, Jacqueline Mahon, Lu Mai, Sebastián Martínez, Sergio Meresman, Katherine A. Merseth, Edward Miguel, Arlene Mitchell, Sophie Mitra, Anoosh Moin, Ali Mokdad, Daniel Mont, Arindam Nandi, Joaniter Nankabirwa, Daniel Plaut, Elina Pradhan, Rachel Pullan, Nicola Reavley, Joan Santelli, Bachir Sarr, Susan M Sawyer
Journal: The Lancet (2017)
Re-evaluating the role of FOXOs in cancer
Authors: M. Hornsveld, T.B. Dansen, P.W. Derksen, B.M.T. Burgering
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2017)

FOXO transcription factors are negatively regulated by the PI3K-PKB/AKT signaling pathway and have been mainly considered to be tumor suppressors due to their inhibitory effect on cancer cell growth and survival. However, FOXOs can also support tumor development and progression by maintaining cellular homeostasis, facilitating metastasis and inducing therapy resistance. In agreement with these opposing views on the role of FOXOs in cancer, studies using FOXO levels or activity as prognostic markers for cancer patient disease progression and survival came to contradicting results. While it is clear that FOXOs are involved in various aspects of cancer, it is debatable whether FOXOs function as tumor suppressors or supporters, or may be both depending on the context. In this review, we describe the role of FOXOs in signaling pathways and processes relevant to cancer and evaluate recent advances in understanding the role of FOXOs in cancer. Based on recent insights it becomes clear that FOXOs may not be classical tumor suppressors and that targeting FOXO activity might hold promise in cancer therapy.
P2.05-021 Occult Nodal Metastasis Following Lobectomy for Clinical Stage I Lung Adenocarcinoma: Implications for Sublobar Resection
Authors: Y. Takahashi, T. Eguchi, K.S. Tan, S. Lu, J. Dozier, W. Travis, D. Jones, P. Adusumilli
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Nasal vestibulitis as an under-recognized and undertreated side effect of cancer treatment.
Authors: Elizabeth Jane Cathcart-Rake, DeAnne R. Smith, Charles L. Loprinzi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

219 Background: Dryness, crusting, and bleeding of the nares due to inflammation, termed nasal vestibulitis (NV), is infrequently reported as a side effect of cancer treatments. However, one study described 115 patients who developed NV while undergoing targeted therapies; many were treated with bacitracin ointment (Ruiz et al Sup Care Cancer 2015). Methods: This study surveyed 94 patients regarding the presence of nasal symptoms during cancer treatments. Participants were consented for the study if they had undergone at least 6 weeks of cancer-directed therapy in the Mayo Clinic Chemotherapy Unit. They were asked about types of nasal symptoms, severity, and symptom treatments. A chart review was then conducted to determine documentation of symptoms, the presence of concurrent illnesses, and cancer treatment regimens. Results: Ninety-four patients completed questionnaires, with 41% reporting unpleasant nasal symptoms that they attributed to cancer treatments. Of the symptomatic patients, 46% had dryness, 33% had discomfort, 54% had bleeding, and 46% had scabbing. Average severity was 1.9 on a scale from 1 to 3 (1 = mild, 3 = severe). Symptoms were noted in patients undergoing a variety of cancer treatment regimens, with the highest frequency in patients undergoing a taxane-containing regimen (46%). 62% of patients with symptoms said they reported them to their provider, but only 41% of chart notes (for 16 patients) contained documentation of such, most frequently described as “allergies” or “epistaxis.” Only 10% of symptomatic patients had nasal swabs; all of which were obtained during respiratory illness or pre-op. 49% of patients with nasal symptoms reported treating their symptoms. Antihistamines (7 patients), nasal saline (6 patients), or nasal lubricants (i.e. Vaseline; 7 patients) were used; 2 patients applied bacitracin. 18% of symptomatic patients had providers who recommended treatments, including 2 patients who were thought to have concurrent infection and were treated with antibiotics. Conclusions: NV symptoms are prevalent among oncology patients, but infrequently recorded or treated by providers.
Abstract 11413: Appearance of QRS Fragmentation Late After Atrial Switch Repair for d-Transposition of the Great Arteries is Associated With Adverse Clinical Outcome
Authors: Frederik Helsen, Bert Vandenberk, Pieter De Meester, Alexander Van De Bruaene, Charlien Gabriels, Els Troost, Marc Gewillig, Bart Meyns, Rik Willems, Werner Budts
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: The extent of myocardial fibrosis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the systemic right ventricle (RV) of adults after atrial switch repair for d-transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) correlates with outcome. However, MRI is costly and access is limited. Fragmented QRS (fQRS) on a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) reflects inhomogeneous ventricular activation. It is considered to be a surrogate for fibrosis and related with outcome in ischemic cardiomyopathy. Hypothesis: Appearance of fQRS during follow-up is a predictor for adverse events in adults after atrial switch repair for d-TGA. Methods: Records of adults with atrial switch repair for d-TGA were retrospectively reviewed in the database of a tertiary care hospital. Exclusion criteria were systemic RV assist device or heart transplantation (HTx) before the age of 16 years, or fQRS already present at transfer from the pediatric department. One blinded reader analyzed all available ECGs to detect fQRS. fQRS, severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR), severe RV dysfunction and severe RV dilatation were modeled as time-dependent covariates. Cox regression was performed to assess the relationship between covariates and (1) the composite endpoint of cardiovascular mortality, HTx or systemic RV assist device, and (2) worsening RV function. Results: Records of 89 patients (34% female, 42% Mustard repair) were analyzed. Patients underwent atrial switch repair between Oct 1969 and Nov 1992. At latest follow-up, fQRS was noted in 26 patients (29%), most frequently inferior (92%). Over a median follow-up of 16.9 (IQR 12.6-22.9) years, the composite endpoint occurred in 9 patients (10%). In multivariate Cox analysis, appearance of fQRS (HR 14.11; 95% CI 1.42-140.12) and development of severe RV dysfunction (HR 11.36; 95% CI 2.08-62.17) were significantly associated with the composite endpoint. Moreover, appearance of fQRS was significantly associated with worsening RV function (HR 2.66; 95% CI 1.18-6.01), independently of development of severe TR. Conclusions: Appearance of fQRS is associated with adverse clinical outcome and worsening RV function in adults after atrial switch repair for d-TGA. It might become an easily implementable tool to identify patients at risk for adverse events.
Prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET parameters in patients with locally advanced non–small-cell lung cancer treated with induction chemotherapy
Authors: H.Y. Lee, W.H. Choi, J-O Kim, I.R. Yoo, J.K. Park, S.W. Sung, Y.S. Kim, J.H. Kang
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Patients' perspectives on participation in clinical trials and palliative end-of-life care for management of advanced cancers in Nigeria.
Authors: Jideuma Ikenna Egwim, Smita Palejwala
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

78 Background: Advanced cancers remain a major cause of mortality in Nigeria. Participation in clinical trials (PCTs) and palliative end-of-life care (PEOLC) are two approaches to incurable cancer management in the developed nations but these have been less adopted in Nigeria. This study set out to determine patients’ preferred approach between PCTs and PEOLC for management of advanced cancers in Nigeria. Methods: A survey of 120 advanced cancer patients was conducted using a questionnaire with 5-point Likert scale, variables of interest included demographic information, knowledge and perception about PCTs and PEOLC. Results: Majority of the patients (84%) agree PCTs is an option in management of incurable cancer but just about half accept it is beneficial and will improve their QOL, as against PEOLC, where all the patients considered it an option and deem it beneficial; with 99% and 98% respectively agreeing it will enhance their QOL and that of family members. About 56% believe PCTs carries a risk of burdensome interventions and 52% increased hospital stay at EOL while 47% are of the opinion it will increase cost of care with 45% stating it will lead to increased ICU death. Sixty-nine percent (69%) and 63% respectively agree PCTs increases the suffering of patients and family members while 43% believe it carries a net negative risk-benefit profile, nevertheless, 83% are ready to overlook the risk of PCTs for possible therapeutic benefit while for 87%, the primary motivation for PCTs is personal cure. Majority (58%) believe PCTs does not improve quality of dying/death contrary to PEOLC where 88% believe it would improve the quality of dying/death. Overall, by direct comparison 78%:13% prefer PEOL to PCTs; {X 2 (p-value), 40.26(0.001)}. Conclusions: Both modalities are acceptable to advanced cancer patients but the study reveals several ethical issues with PCTs including risk of burdensome interventions, suffering of patients, therapeutic misconception and misperception of curability. A major determinant to accepting PEOL is its positive impact on patients’ QOL. Concerted efforts are needed to significantly enhance access of PEOLC to cancer patients.
P1.07-020 Surgical Resected Small Cell Lung Cancers (SCLCs): A Monocentric Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Laura Bonanno, Elisabetta Di Liso, Marco Schiavon, Alberto Pavan, Mara Mantiero, Dario Gregori, Giovanni Comacchio, Matteo Fassan, Ilaria Attili, Nazarena Nannini, Fiorella Calabrese, Giuseppe Natale, Giulia Pasello, Massimo Rugge, Federico Rea, Pierfranco Conte
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Equality during end-of-life cancer care: Trends in aggressiveness of cancer care at the end of life.
Authors: Praveen Namireddy, Vicki McLawhorn, Sweta Jonnalagadda, Mahvish Muzaffar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

77 Background: Aggressive cancer care at the end of life (EOL) can impact quality of life and have major economic burden. The purpose of this study was to portray the aggressiveness of EOL cancer care, and its relation to race, gender and social factors in Eastern North Carolina with high rural and minority population. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of 401 stage 4 solid tumor patients who died between 2011 and 2014. Aggressiveness of care was calculated by a composite score adopted from Earle et al. Scores range from 0 to 7 with higher scores indicating more aggressive EOL care. 1 point was given to each indicator of aggressiveness in the last 30 days of life: ED visits ≥2,hospital admissions ≥2,any ICU admission,hospitalized days ≥14,new chemotherapy, hospice care ≤ 3 days, and any chemotherapy in the last 14 days. Results: Among the 401 patients, 217 (54%) were white and 178 (44%) were black. The mean composite score of aggressiveness (CSA) for whites was 1.18 and for blacks it was 1.87. (p&lt;0.001).In the last 30 days of death, a higher proportion of blacks had ≥ 2 ED visits 28% vs 13%(p&lt;.0001), ≥ 2 hospital admission 23% vs 13%(p=0.001), any ICU admission 29% vs 16%(p=0.0002), chemotherapy in the last 14 days 30% vs 20%(p=0.001), ≥ 14 hospitalized days 35% vs 21%(p&lt;0.001), and hospital deaths 46% vs 32%(p=0.001) compared to whites. More whites enrolled in hospice compared to blacks 53% vs 45% (p&lt;0.001). Correlation analysis using Fit Y by X model between CSA (score ≤ 3 and &gt;3) and other variables showed statistically significant difference between whites vs blacks p &lt;0.001, females vs males p=0.0006, not married vs married p&lt;0.0001, and no family support vs family support p&lt;0.0001. Conclusions: Male, unmarried and black patients were associated with higher CSA. Patients who were white, married and with family support had high likelihood of enrolling in hospice. [Table: see text]
P2.07-035 Correlation Between Immune-Related Adverse Events and Efficacy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Nivolumab
Authors: K. Sato, H. Akamatsu, M. Eriko, S. Sakaki, K. Kanai, A. Hayata, N. Tokudome, K. Akamatsu, Y. Koh, H. Ueda, M. Nakanishi, N. Yamamoto
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
The rule of mortality risk in young women (≤35 years) with primary breast cancer
Authors: W. Yin, J. Lu, G. Liu, G. Di, J. Wu, K. Shen, Z. Shen, Z. Shao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

21098 Background: The prognosis of young women (=35 years) is poorer than that of women over 35 years, which may indicate that they bear different biologic characteristics. However, such data is still not available at home and abroad as the rule of mortality risk in young women and its distinction from that in women over 35 years. We sought to investigate the clinical characteristics, prognosis and the rule of mortality risk in young women (=35 years) with primary breast cancer. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 2331 female unilateral breast cancer patients undergoing surgery in our hospital from January 1990 to October 2005.They were divided into two groups with the cut-off of 35 years. Selection criteria included complete data on the following: age, tumor size, axillary nodal status, estrogen receptor (ER) status, menopausal status.Overall survival curve was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method and annual mortality hazard by hazard function. Their clinicopathologic indices, overall survival curve and annual mortality hazard were analyzed. Results: There was statistical significance between =35 years and &gt;35 years group in terms of tumor size( P =0.0231), axillary nodal status( P &lt;0.001) and estrogen receptor status( P =0.064). 10-year overall survival was 72% and 79% ( P = 0.0081), respectively, for =35 years and &gt;35 years group. Although annual mortality hazard curve for both groups showed double-peaked pattern, there also exist some differences. Mortality surges for =35 years patients appeared earlier than those for &gt;35 years counterparts. Moreover, =35 years group showed a minor increase between double peaks, which cannot be found in &gt;35 years group. Conclusions: Between the two groups, different tumor biology leads to the discrepancy of overall survival and mortality pattern, which might indicate distinct principles and measures in the follow-up and treatment for young patients to provide the possibility of improving the therapeutic effect and reducing the mortality hazard. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
P2.02-023 Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Concurrent Full-Dose Radiation Therapy Followed by Surgery for Stage IIIB Non-Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Authors: Sherry Yan, Seth Crockford, Anshu Jain, Christina Wu, Frank D'Ovidio, Lyall Gorenstein, Matthew Bacchetta, Mark Ginsburg, Balazs Halmos, Mark Stoopler, Joshua Sonett, Simon Cheng
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
KRAS and BRAF mutation is a rare event but occurred in gastric cancer with microsatellite instability
Authors: Hiromi Sasamoto, Takeshi Nagasaka, Masanori Takeda, Keigo Kimura, Kenkichiro Kominami, Tatsuhiro Ishii, Jun Murakami, Kenji Notohara, Hiroshi Isozaki, Noriaki Tanaka, Nagahide Matsubara
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

5001   The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK-MAP signal transduction cascade is an important mediator of a number of cellular fates including growth, proliferation and survival. The BRAF gene, one of the human isoforms of RAF, is activated by oncogenic RAS, leading to cooperative effects in cells responding to growth factor signals. The aim of this study was to elucidate a possible participation of the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK-MAP pathway in gastric adenocarcinoma. Mutation of BRAF and KRAS was evaluated in 75 gastric cancers and corresponding normal mucosa by our enriched RFLP analysis and direct DNA sequencing. The results obtained were compared with microsatellite instability (MSI) status and methylation status of 3 loci and 7 genes (MINT1, MINT2, MINT31, p16, p14, CACNA1G, COX2, DAPK, DCC and hMLH1). Activating BRAF missense mutations were identified in 1/75 gastric cancer (1%) and KRAS mutations were detected in two out of 75 (3%) gastric cancers examined. No mutations of KRAS and BRAF were detected in non-neoplastic mucosa. Although the numbers of mutation detected in KRAS and BRAF were small, they were detected in mismatch repair (MMR) deficient gastric cancer caused by hMLH1 methylation.
Current Challenges of Cancer Anti-angiogenic Therapy and the Promise of Nanotherapeutics
Authors: Ahmed M.E. Abdalla, Lin Xiao, Muhammad Wajid Ullah, Miao Yu, Chenxi Ouyang, Guang Yang
Journal: Theranostics (2017)

With growing interest in cancer therapeutics, anti-angiogenic therapy has received considerable attention and is widely administered in several types of human cancers. Nonetheless, this type of therapy may induce multiple signaling pathways compared with cytotoxics and lead to worse outcomes in terms of resistance, invasion, metastasis, and overall survival (OS). Moreover, there are important challenges that limit the translation of promising biomarkers into clinical practice to monitor the efficiency of anti-angiogenic therapy. These pitfalls emphasize the urgent need for discovering alternative angiogenic inhibitors that target multiple angiogenic factors or developing a new drug delivery system for the current inhibitors. The great advantages of nanoparticles are their ability to offer effective routes that target the biological system and regulate different vital processes based on their unique features. Limited studies so far have addressed the effectiveness of nanoparticles in the normalization of the delicate balance between stimulating (pro-angiogenic) and inhibiting (anti-angiogenic) factors. In this review, we shed light on tumor vessels and their microenvironment and consider the current directions of anti-angiogenic and nanotherapeutic treatments. To the best of our knowledge, we consider an important effort in the understanding of anti-angiogenic agents (often a small volume of metals, nonmetallic molecules, or polymers) that can control the growth of new vessels.
Resumo das infecções pelo VIH adquiridas no exercício da profissão, descritas nos relatórios publicados até Dezembro de 1997
Authors: B G Evans, D Abiteboul
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1999)

Desde que, em 1984, foi notificado o primeiro caso documentado de seroconversao apos uma exposicao profissional especifica ao VIH (1) foram desenvolvidos, em muitos paises industrializados, sistemas nacionais ou regionais para a vigilância da infeccao pelo VIH adquirida no exercicio da profissao. Foi efectuada uma serie de resumos de casos de infeccoes pelo VIH adquiridas no exercicio da profissao em todo o mundo, baseada em relatorios publicados em 1992 (2), 1993 (3), 1995 (4) e, mais recentemente, em 1997 (5). Desconhece-se a incidencia real da infeccao pelo VIH adquirida no exercicio da profissao e e provavel que seja superior ao total de casos notificados, mesmo em paises industrializados dos quais sao provenientes os relatorios publicados. Em todo o mundo, a incidencia deve ser muito superior, uma vez que a notificacao de exposicoes profissionais e escassa em areas de prevalencia elevada, onde os sistemas de vigilância estao menos desenvolvidos.
Minutes of the Society of General Physiologists Annual Meeting—1952
Authors: William R. Duryee
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1953)

Minutes of the Society of General Physiologists Annual Meeting—1952 William R. Duryee William R. Duryee Secretary-Treasurer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 13, Issue 5, April 1953, Pages 1381–1382, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/13.5.1381 Published: 01 April 1953