tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
RISK FACTORS FOR NON-CONTACT ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY IN JAPANESE FEMALE HIGH SCHOOL BASKETBALL AND HANDBALL PLAYERS. A PROSPECTIVE THREE-YEAR COHORT STUDY
Authors: Yosuke Shima, Junsuke Nakase, Katsuhiko Kitaoka, Hitoaki Numata, Takeshi Oshima, Yasushi Takata, Takashi Kobayashi, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Background Many studies have explored the risk factors for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Objective To prospectively evaluate risk factors for noncontact ACL injury in Japanese female high school basketball and handball players. We hypothesized those female high-school athletes suffering non-contact ACL injuries would demonstrate weaker hip abductor and knee flexor muscle strength, when compared to those without injury. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting &amp; Participants A 3-year prospective cohort study was conducted using 317, 15-year-old high school female athletes between 2009 and 2014. At baseline, they underwent detailed examinations for various parameters that were documented at their first-year of high school. Assessment of Risk Factors The parameters assessed were height, weight, body mass index, general joint laxity, navicular drop measurement, anterior laxity of the knee, and angle of femoral anteversion, and strength assessment included knee extensor/flexor muscle strength and hip abductor strength. All ACL injuries that occurred during these 3 years were recorded. The parameters were compared using the Student t -test. Parameters with P values&lt;0.2 were considered independent variables by logistic regression analysis (simultaneous). The level of significance for all statistical analyses was set at α=0.05. Results Of the 317 players, 27 were excluded because they either had a history of ACL injury or could not complete the study. A total of 30 ACL tears occurred. Three of the ACL injuries were contact injuries, whereas the remaining 27 were noncontact ACL injuries. Muscle strength of hip abduction (P=0.001, 95% CI, 1.793–67.534) and femoral anteversion (P=0.037, 95% CI, 0.759–0.991) were found to be independent risk factors in logistic regression analysis. Conclusions We found that increased hip abductor muscle strength and decreased femoral anteversion were risk factors for noncontact ACL injury. However, there was only a little difference.
Correlation of absolute and relative eosinophil counts with immune-related adverse events in melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab.
Authors: Katja Schindler, Kaan Harmankaya, Deborah Kuk, Joanna Mangana, Olivier Michielin, Christoph Hoeller, Reinhard Dummer, Hubert Pehamberger, Jedd D. Wolchok, Michael Andrew Postow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

9096 Background: Ipilimumab (ipi) has shown significant improvements in overall survival (OS) for patients (pts) with advanced melanoma in randomized phase III trials. Easily obtainable pre- or on-treatment biomarkers would be helpful to optimize this therapy. In a prior analysis, IL-17 levels correlated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), and IL-17 and eosinophils are immunologically related. In one prior single institution study of 73 ipi-treated pts, an increase in absolute eosinophil count (AEC) was associated with improved OS. Whether this finding correlates with other clinical outcomes such as immune-related adverse events (irAEs) or is reproducible in larger, multicenter analyses remains unknown. Methods: 156 pts with advanced melanoma treated with ipi at the approved standard dose of 3mg/kg in 4 institutions (Medical University of Vienna, University of Zurich, University of Lausanne, and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center) between 2010 and 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline (B/L), week (W) 4 and W7 absolute and relative eosinophil (AEC and REC) counts and occurrence of irAEs were noted. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed for analyzing the association of AEC and REC with irAEs. OS was calculated from date of first ipi dose to date of death or last followup. The association between B/L, W4 and W7 levels of AEC and REC and OS was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: The change in AEC from B/L to W4 and from B/L to W7 was significantly associated with the occurrence of any irAE (p=0.032 and p=0.007, respectively). As continuous variables at W4, AEC and REC were significantly associated with irAEs (p=0.018 and p=0.275, respectively). At W7 AEC was significantly associated with irAEs (p=0.019) but REC was not (p=0.074). Neither AEC nor REC at B/L was significantly associated with irAEs. Neither the change in AEC nor REC from B/L to W4 was associated with OS. Conclusions: Eosinophils were associated with irAEs but not OS during ipi treatment. Given functional links between IL-17 and eosinophils, and the correlation of both IL-17 and eosinophils with irAEs, further study of the mechanistic role of this pathway in pts with irAEs is warranted.
Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease demonstrates an exponential increase in burden of disease
Authors: Chris Estes, Homie Razavi, Rohit Loomba, Zobair Younossi, Arun J. Sanyal
Journal: Hepatology (2017)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and resulting nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are highly prevalent in the United States, where they are a growing cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and increasingly an indicator for liver transplantation. A Markov model was used to forecast NAFLD disease progression. Incidence of NAFLD was based on historical and projected changes in adult prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Assumptions were derived from published literature where available and validated using national surveillance data for incidence of NAFLD‐related HCC. Projected changes in NAFLD‐related cirrhosis, advanced liver disease, and liver‐related mortality were quantified through 2030. Prevalent NAFLD cases are forecasted to increase 21%, from 83.1 million (2015) to 100.9 million (2030), while prevalent NASH cases will increase 63% from 16.52 million to 27.00 million cases. Overall NAFLD prevalence among the adult population (aged ≥15 years) is projected at 33.5% in 2030, and the median age of the NAFLD population will increase from 50 to 55 years during 2015‐2030. In 2015, approximately 20% of NAFLD cases were classified as NASH, increasing to 27% by 2030, a reflection of both disease progression and an aging population. Incidence of decompensated cirrhosis will increase 168% to 105,430 cases by 2030, while incidence of HCC will increase by 137% to 12,240 cases. Liver deaths will increase 178% to an estimated 78,300 deaths in 2030. During 2015‐2030, there are projected to be nearly 800,000 excess liver deaths. Conclusion: With continued high rates of adult obesity and DM along with an aging population, NAFLD‐related liver disease and mortality will increase in the United States. Strategies to slow the growth of NAFLD cases and therapeutic options are necessary to mitigate disease burden. (H epatology 2018;67:123‐133).
PROSPECTIVE INJURY STATISTICS DURING HIGH-LEVEL JUDO COMPETITION: AN IJF-EJU COLLABORATION
Authors: Maximilien Jung
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Background Sport is a mass phenomenon with different stakeholders, one of them the international federations. As a sport, judo can give advantages to a population in controlling negative effects of a passive way of life. Therefore it is necessary to lower the burden of injuries, especially because injuries are acting against the health promotion goal of sport. As a consequence the first step is to gather knowledge about frequency and nature of injuries in a specific sport to take influence on it. Objective To publish the statistical data about injuries at top ranking Judo competitions; to structure them in a comprehensive way; to use them for education purposes and injury prevention programs. Design An anonymous form detailing different aspect of judo injuries has been designed. As definition of injury the medical commission considered every medical intervention on or outside the mat during the whole period of a competition. Each injury has been evaluated only through medical doctors. All registered injuries were categorized in 12 categories. Since the beginning of the prospective data collection, the medical commission used the same way of counting the lesions, giving continuity and consistency to the database. Setting Female and male Judo fights from European Championships, World Championships, Grand Prix and Grand Slams. The amount of Judoka registered is 24'317. This statistic is compiling the results of 99 competitions during the 2003–2011 period, with a yearly mean of 11 competitions monitored. Results The injury ratio including the minor bleedings are identical in female and in male Judoka and stays by 6%; without the skin scratches, the total injury rate during the high-level Judo events only makes 3,6% of the contestants. Of all the medical interventions two third happened on the mat. The majority of the athletes could be taken care in the competition hall. The upper part of the body represents more than 80% of the interventions. Conclusions The IJF injury database gives a detailed insight in high-level Judo injury risk on the Field of Play.
Prolyl hydroxylase 2 inactivation enhances glycogen storage and promotes excessive neutrophilic responses
Authors: Pranvera Sadiku, Joseph A. Willson, Rebecca S. Dickinson, Fiona Murphy, Alison J. Harris, Amy Lewis, David Sammut, Ananda S. Mirchandani, Eilise Ryan, Emily R. Watts, A.A. Roger Thompson, Helen M. Marriott, David H. Dockrell, Cormac T. Taylor, Martin Schneider, Patrick H. Maxwell, Edwin R. Chilvers, Massimilliano Mazzone, Veronica Moral, Chris W. Pugh, Peter J. Ratcliffe, Christopher J. Schofield, Bart Ghesquiere, Peter Carmeliet, Moira K.B. Whyte, Sarah R. Walmsley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2017)

Fully activated innate immune cells are required for effective responses to infection, but their prompt deactivation and removal are essential for limiting tissue damage. Here, we have identified a critical role for the prolyl hydroxylase enzyme Phd2 in maintaining the balance between appropriate, predominantly neutrophil-mediated pathogen clearance and resolution of the innate immune response. We demonstrate that myeloid-specific loss of Phd2 resulted in an exaggerated inflammatory response to Streptococcus pneumonia, with increases in neutrophil motility, functional capacity, and survival. These enhanced neutrophil responses were dependent upon increases in glycolytic flux and glycogen stores. Systemic administration of a HIF-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor replicated the Phd2-deficient phenotype of delayed inflammation resolution. Together, these data identify Phd2 as the dominant HIF-hydroxylase in neutrophils under normoxic conditions and link intrinsic regulation of glycolysis and glycogen stores to the resolution of neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of targeting metabolic pathways in the treatment of inflammatory disease.
Setting the Record Straight on FDA Approvals in Oncology
Authors: Gideon Blumenthal, Geoffrey Kim, Richard Pazdur
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Consultant triage cuts emergency operations by a third, report finds
Authors: Sophie Arie
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Hospitals in England admitted 305 500 emergency general surgery patients last year who did not then have an operation, finds a new report, which says that if consultant surgeons triaged at the “front door” they would reduce these admissions by a third and save the NHS £108m (€120m; $140m) a year.1

The report, from the Getting it Right First Time (GIRFT) programme, which compares trusts’ data on everything from effective procedures, length of stay in hospital, and infection rates to procurement costs, highlights a series of variations in the way general surgery is carried out across 50 trusts and identifies potential improvements in care and savings of over £160m to be made if all trusts followed the …
06.01 Intra-articular injection of cadmium protects arthritic joints from inflammation and destruction
Authors: Paola Bonaventura, Guillaume Courbon, Aline Lamboux, Fabien Lavocat, Hubert Marotte, Francis Albarede, Pierre Miossec
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> There has been no recent progress in the intra-articular treatment of joint inflammation. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium hyperplasia is sustained by the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17/TNF-α), synergistically contributing to chronicity. Since inflammation up-regulates trans-membrane Zinc (Zn) importers, the effects of its binding-competitor Cadmium (Cd) were tested on synoviocytes, synovium explants and in a rat arthritis model in order to reduce hyperplasia and inflammation. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> After exposure to IL-17/TNF-α and Cd, Cd-kinetics and Cd-cell content were measured by ICP-MS, while Zn/Cd-transporter gene expression (Zrt-Irt-like protein-8, ZIP-8, importer and metallothioneins-1, MT-1, metal homeostasis regulators) by q-RT-PCR. Synoviocyte viability and apoptosis were measured by neutral red and annexin-V staining. IL-6 levels in synoviocyte and biopsy supernatants were measured by ELISA. Adjuvant induced arthritis rat model was used for <i>in vivo</i> Cd-injection into hind ankle joints. Clinical scores were evaluated. Immune cell recruitment was quantified after H and E staining. Micro-tomography and safarin-O staining were used to measure bone/cartilage loss. The potential Cd-spread was measured in different body reservoirs. <h3>Results</h3> After synoviocyte exposure to IL-17/TNF-α combination, ZIP-8 and MT-1s gene expressions increased up to 5.3±3.1 fold and 5.0±0.9 fold respectively, compared to the untreated condition (p&lt;0.05). Combined Cd-cytokine exposure further enhanced MT-1s expression up to 93.3±32.1 fold. Through the transporter enhanced expression, Cd content in inflammatory synoviocytes increased two-fold. RA synoviocytes were sensitised toward apoptosis by exposure to the Cd/cytokine combination with an 80% reduction of cell viability in comparison to control (p&lt;0.01), after 5 days of culture. Moreover, Cd-cytokines association reduced IL-6 production <i>in vitro</i> (up to 83%, after 5 days, p&lt;0.05) and <i>ex-vivo</i> (up to 94%, after 8 days, p&lt;0.01). Intra-articular Cd injection improved arthritis, reducing clinical scores (arthritic score reduced from 4 to 2, p&lt;0.01), inflammatory cell recruitment (up to 50%, p&lt;0.01) and bone/cartilage destruction. The use of 1 ppm of Cd provided the best risk/benefit ratio, without toxic effects on other cell types and organs. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties of low-dose Cd may represent a new therapeutic approach for the local treatment of synovitis and hyperplasia in arthritis and other joint diseases.
Anaphylaxis and Hemorrhage in Transplanted Tumors
Authors: Morris K. Barrett
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1942)

Anaphylaxis and Hemorrhage in Transplanted Tumors Morris K. Barrett Morris K. Barrett acting assistant surgeon National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 2, Issue 6, June 1942, Pages 625–630, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/2.6.625 Published: 01 June 1942
Bone Health and Bone-Targeted Therapies for Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Shabbir M.H. Alibhai, Katherine Zukotynski, Cindy Walker-Dilks, Urban Emmenegger, Antonio Finelli, Scott C. Morgan, Sebastién J. Hotte, George A. Tomlinson, Eric Winquist
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2017)

Background: Bone health is a significant concern in men with prostate cancer. Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of drug, supplement, and lifestyle interventions aimed at preventing fracture, improving bone mineral density (BMD), or preventing or delaying osteoporosis in men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. Data Sources: Ovid MEDLINE (1946 to 19 January 2017), EMBASE (1980 to 18 January 2017), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (19 January 2017). Study Selection: Randomized trials and systematic reviews of trials that were published in English; involved men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer; and compared bone-targeted therapies with placebo, usual care, or other active treatments. Data Extraction: Two reviewers independently extracted study characteristics and assessed study risk of bias for each outcome. Data Synthesis: Two systematic reviews and 28 reports of 27 trials met inclusion criteria. All trials focused on men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer who were initiating or continuing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Bisphosphonates were effective in increasing BMD, but no trial was sufficiently powered to detect reduction in fractures. Denosumab improved BMD and reduced the incidence of new radiographic vertebral fractures in 1 high-quality trial. No trials compared calcium or vitamin D versus placebo. Three lifestyle intervention trials did not show a statistically significant difference in change in BMD between exercise and usual care. Limitations: Most trials were of moderate quality. Only 2 randomized controlled trials were designed to examine fracture outcomes. Potential harms of treatments were not evaluated. Conclusion: Both bisphosphonates and denosumab improve BMD in men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer who are receiving ADT. Denosumab also reduces risk for radiographic vertebral fractures, based on 1 trial. More trials studying fracture outcomes are needed in this population. Primary Funding Source: Program in Evidence-Based Care.
PTH-022 Hemospray in a large tertiary nhs trust: a descriptive analysis of the first three years of use
Authors: R Appleby, J Hoare
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The hemostatic powder Hemospray (Cook Medical, Winston-Selem, NC, USA) is licensed for use in non-variceal upper GI haemorrhage and is now in widespread use in the UK. A prospective study of 101 cases showed a 96% immediate haemostasis rate, with rebleed rates of 26% and 33% at 8 and 10 days respectively.<sup>1</sup> We introduced Hemospray to Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (ICHT) in January 2014. Here we compare our first 3 years of real-world usage against that reported in the literature. <h3>Method</h3> The endoscopy reporting system of ICHT (Scorpio) was interrogated for all gastroscopies for the indication of haematemesis or melaena between the dates of 1/1/14-1/1/17. Variceal bleeds were excluded and cases where hemospray featured on the report selected for further investigation. These were then cross-referenced with the electronic patient records system for date of death, radiological or surgical procedures. <h3>Results</h3> 1830 patients underwent OGD for haematemesis or melaena during the study period. 195 were variceal and excluded. 254 (15.5%) had therapy applied. Hemospray was used 32 times (2%). Site: 17 in duodenum, 8 in the oesophagus, 6 in the stomach. The bleeding lesion was identified as an ulcer in 18 (56%), Malignancy 3 (9%), Other 11 (34%, 9 Dieulafoy lesions, 2 generalised erythema). Haemostasis was reported by the endoscopist in 28 cases (88%). 5 were rebleeds with previous procedures, 15 had failed therapy with other haemostatic methods during the same procedure. Hemospray was used on 3 occasions after haemstasis had been already been achieved through other methods. 11 patients rebled following hemospray with a median 2.4 days (range 0.25–10 days). 5 were treated with OGD (1 again with hemospray, unsuccessfully), of whom 2 died. 6 were treated with radiological embolization, of whom 2 died. In total 6 patients died, 3 did not have haemostasis at the time of the OGD. 4 were oesophageal in origin (3 Dieulafoy lesions, 1 erythema), 3 were duodenal ulcers). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Hemospray is being used a variety of situations, but mostly after failure of other therapies (62%). Rebleed rates are comparable to those reported previously.<sup>1</sup> It worth noting that this study does not include Hemospray application following elective procedures which is relatively common. Hemospray is predictor of mortality (54%), probably reflecting the high risk groups Hemospray is used in. <h3>Reference</h3> . Haddara S, et al. A novel hemostatic powder for upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a multicenterstudy (the "GRAPHE" registry). Endoscopy. 2016Dec;48(12):1084–1095 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Variations in the Costs of Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer in the USA
Authors: Jeffrey J. Leow, Alexander P. Cole, Thomas Seisen, Joaquim Bellmunt, Matthew Mossanen, Mani Menon, Mark A. Preston, Toni K. Choueiri, Adam S. Kibel, Benjamin I. Chung, Maxine Sun, Steven L. Chang, Quoc-Dien Trinh
Journal: European Urology (2017)
Discrepant Expectations About Benefits and Harms
Authors: Luis José Flores, Jonathan Fuller
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal