tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Glecaprevir–Pibrentasvir for 8 or 12 Weeks in HCV Genotype 1 or 3 Infection
Authors: Stefan Zeuzem, Graham R. Foster, Stanley Wang, Armen Asatryan, Edward Gane, Jordan J. Feld, Tarik Asselah, Marc Bourlière, Peter J. Ruane, Heiner Wedemeyer, Stanislas Pol, Robert Flisiak, Fred Poordad, Wan-Long Chuang, Catherine A. Stedman, Steven Flamm, Paul Kwo, Gregory J. Dore, Gladys Sepulveda-Arzola, Stuart K. Roberts, Ruth Soto-Malave, Kelly Kaita, Massimo Puoti, John Vierling, Edward Tam, Hugo E. Vargas, Rafi Bruck, Francisco Fuster, Seung-Woon Paik, Franco Felizarta, Jens Kort, Bo Fu, Ran Liu, Teresa I. Ng, Tami Pilot-Matias, Chih-Wei Lin, Roger Trinh, Federico J. Mensa
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Glecaprevir and pibrentasvir are direct-acting antiviral agents with pangenotypic activity and a high barrier to resistance. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of 8-week and 12-week courses of treatment with 300 mg of glecaprevir plus 120 mg of pibrentasvir in patients without cirrhosis who had hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 or 3 infection.We conducted two phase 3, randomized, open-label, multicenter trials. Patients with genotype 1 infection were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive once-daily glecaprevir-pibrentasvir for either 8 or 12 weeks. Patients with genotype 3 infection were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive 12 weeks of treatment with either glecaprevir-pibrentasvir or sofosbuvir-daclatasvir. Additional patients with genotype 3 infection were subsequently enrolled and nonrandomly assigned to receive 8 weeks of treatment with glecaprevir-pibrentasvir. The primary end point was the rate of sustained virologic response 12 weeks after the end of treatment.In total, 1208 patients were treated. The rate of sustained virologic response at 12 weeks among genotype 1-infected patients was 99.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 98 to 100) in the 8-week group and 99.7% (95% CI, 99 to 100) in the 12-week group. Genotype 3-infected patients who were treated for 12 weeks had a rate of sustained virologic response at 12 weeks of 95% (95% CI, 93 to 98; 222 of 233 patients) with glecaprevir-pibrentasvir and 97% (95% CI, 93 to 99.9; 111 of 115) with sofosbuvir-daclatasvir; 8 weeks of treatment with glecaprevir-pibrentasvir yielded a rate of 95% (95% CI, 91 to 98; 149 of 157 patients). Adverse events led to discontinuation of treatment in no more than 1% of patients in any treatment group.Once-daily treatment with glecaprevir-pibrentasvir for either 8 weeks or 12 weeks achieved high rates of sustained virologic response among patients with HCV genotype 1 or 3 infection who did not have cirrhosis. (Funded by AbbVie; ENDURANCE-1 and ENDURANCE-3 ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT02604017 and NCT02640157 .).
Reverse mechanical remodeling by biventricular pacing in congestive heart failure: one-year results from patients in sinus rhythm in the MUSTIC (MUltisite STimulation In Cardiomyopathy) study
Authors: Cecilia Linde, Serge Cazeau, Lukas Kappenberger, Richard Sutton, Christopho Bailleui, Jean-Claude Daubert
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2002)
What statistical data of observational performance can tell us and what they cannot: the case of<i>Dutee Chand v. AFI &amp; IAAF</i>
Authors: Simon Franklin, Jonathan Ospina Betancurt, Silvia Camporesi
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2018)

How can performance data resolve the arbitration of sensitive matters in the world of sports? In the absence of experimental data (ie, clinical trials), researchers must build an argument based on correlations in observational data. Such data are often not widely available. The Dutee Chand v. AFI & IAAF case is a case in point (box 1).1 Box 
### Background on the  Dutee Chand v. AFI & IAAF case

IAAF Hyperandrogenism Regulations were in place from 1 May 2011 to 24 July 2015 when they were suspended by the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). The regulations stated that female athletes who naturally produce levels of testosterone >10 nmol/L were not eligible to compete in the female category and need to take androgen-suppressive drugs to resume competition. Dutee Chand, an Indian sprinter, was asked to abide by these regulations in July 2014 and appealed to CAS on grounds that the regulations unfairly discriminated against women who naturally produced higher levels of testosterone. CAS was not satisfied with the evidence IAAF provided and hence suspended the regulations on 24 July 2015, but allowed the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) up to 2 years (later extended) to submit additional evidence on the correlation between endogenous levels of testosterone and athletic performance. The regulations currently remain suspended until 19 July …
John Guyett Scadding’s scepticism and pragmatism in addressing treatment uncertainties in clinical practice
Authors: John W Scadding
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2018)

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John Guyett Scadding (1907–1999), my father, features quite prominently in the James Lind Library (JLL). The JLL includes reports of his controlled trials using alternate allocation and blinding to assess the effects of sulphonamides on gastrointestinal infections during 1944 and 1945;1–3 an article written by him for the JLL in 2002 reflecting on these studies4 and his comments in conversation with Iain Chalmers and Mike Clarke5 on the move from alternate allocation to concealed random allocation for the iconic Medical Research Council trial of streptomycin for pulmonary tuberculosis.6

Because clinical research done by my father covered a key moment in the history of controlled clinical trials, I was invited by the editors of the James Lind Library to provide some biographical information about him. My immediate reaction was that my father’s life and achievements had already been covered by some excellent obituaries (see Appendix 1), for example, Citron’s citation in Munk’s Roll written for the Royal College of Physicians of London. Accordingly, this article focuses on information and personal characteristics which I believe are of relevance to his clinical research in the 1940s. In addition to my own and my family’s and colleagues’ recollections of my father, I have drawn on published obituaries and a document entitled ‘The Institute of Diseases of the Chest, 1946–1972: a personal history’,7 from which I quote quite extensively.
Conserved and Divergent Molecular and Anatomic Features of Human and Mouse Nephron Patterning
Authors: Nils O. Lindström, Tracy Tran, Jinjin Guo, Elisabeth Rutledge, Riana K. Parvez, Matthew E. Thornton, Brendan Grubbs, Jill A. McMahon, Andrew P. McMahon
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2018)

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, but the mechanism of nephron formation during human development is unclear. We conducted a detailed analysis of nephron development in humans and mice by immunolabeling, and we compared human and mouse nephron patterning to describe conserved and divergent features. We created protein localization maps that highlight the emerging patterns along the proximal–distal axis of the developing nephron and benchmark expectations for localization of functionally important transcription factors, which revealed unanticipated cellular diversity. Moreover, we identified a novel nephron subdomain marked by Wnt4 expression that we fate-mapped to the proximal mature nephron. Significant conservation was observed between human and mouse patterning. We also determined the time at which markers for mature nephron cell types first emerge—critical data for the renal organoid field. These findings have conceptual implications for the evolutionary processes driving the diversity of mammalian organ systems. Furthermore, these findings provide practical insights beyond those gained with mouse and rat models that will guide in vitro efforts to harness the developmental programs necessary to build human kidney structures.
Venous Thromboembolism Prevention in the Ambulatory Cancer Clinic (VTE-PACC): a Systems-Based, Personalized, Multidisciplinary Program to Increase Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Risk Assessment, Education and Anticoagulant Prophylaxis in Cancer Outpatients Initiating Therapy
Authors: Steven Ades, Susan Gilchrist, Allison Holm, Karen Libby, Mary Cushman, Daniel Douce, Chris E. Holmes
Journal: Blood (2017)
Interim effectiveness of trivalent influenza vaccine in a season dominated by lineage mismatched influenza B, northern Spain, 2017/18
Authors: Jesús Castilla, Ana Navascués, Itziar Casado, Alejandra Pérez-García, Aitziber Aguinaga, Guillermo Ezpeleta, Francisco Pozo, Carmen Ezpeleta, Iván Martínez-Baz
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2018)

The 2017/18 interim estimate of trivalent influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) was 39% (95% confidence interval: 20-54) in Navarre. Compared with individuals unvaccinated in the current and five previous seasons, VE against influenza B was 41% for current and any prior doses, 67% for current vaccination only, and 22% for any prior doses, and 43%, 51% and 54%, respectively against influenza A(H3N2). This suggests moderate VE despite predominance of lineage mismatched influenza B.
Correction to: Catheter retention as a consequence rather than a cause of unfavorable outcome in candidemia
Authors: Lauro Damonti, Véronique Erard, Jorge Garbino, Jacques Schrenzel, Stefan Zimmerli, Konrad Mühlethaler, Alexander Imhof, Reinhard Zbinden, Jan Fehr, Katia Boggian, Thomas Bruderer, Ursula Flückiger, Reno Frei, Christina Orasch, Anna Conen, Nina Khanna, Thomas Bregenzer, Jacques Bille, Frédéric Lamoth, Oscar Marchetti, Pierre-Yves Bochud
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2018)
Specificity And Sensitivity Of Nasal Provocation Test With Dermatophagoides Siboney Allergenic Extract In Sensitive Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Raúl Lázaro Castro Almarales, Lissette A. García Navarro, Marta Ortega Lamas, Manuel E. Sevila Salas, Mirta Álvarez Castelló, Mercedes Ronquillo Diaz, Mayda González León, Jose S. Rodriguez Canosa, Wendy Ramirez Gonzalez, Bárbara I. Navarro Vitre, Maivis Cabrera Quiala, Mary C. Reyes Zamora, Rosado Alexis Labrada, Maytee Mateo Morejon
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Naïve B cells are prone to develop into polyreactive autoantibody secreting cells from adult RAG2-deficient patient with combined immunodeficiency
Authors: Matthew T. Stowell, Jolan E. Walter, Thomas C. Pennix, Boglarka Ujhazi, Gail Mueller, Manish Butte, Elisabeth G. Hoyte, Joseph D. Hernandez, Eric R.F. Meffre, Krisztian Csomos
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
No-touch multibipolar radiofrequency ablation vs. surgical resection for solitary hepatocellular carcinoma ranging from 2 to 5 cm
Authors: Kayvan Mohkam, Paul-Noël Dumont, Anne-Frédérique Manichon, Jean-Christophe Jouvet, Loïc Boussel, Philippe Merle, Christian Ducerf, Mickaël Lesurtel, Agnès Rode, Jean-Yves Mabrut
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
European drug agency wins victory over drug companies that wanted to withhold data
Authors: Nigel Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2018)

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has won an important court ruling backing its policy of open data.

In an eagerly awaited judgment, the European Court of Justice backed data transparency and rejected claims by companies fearful that competitors may exploit the data.

The case arose from challenges to the EMA’s transparency rules, introduced in 2010, which established the principle that all documents underlying a successful application for a drug licence should be made accessible.

Three separate challenges were made: by the German company Pari Pharma, over its orphan drug Vantobra (tobramycin in a nebuliser solution) for treating pulmonary infections in patients with cystic …
Ipilimumab induced digital vasculitis
Authors: Amrita Padda, Elena Schiopu, Justin Sovich, Vincent Ma, Ajjai Alva, Leslie Fecher
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2018)

<h3>Background</h3> Immune check point inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a new therapeutic paradigm for a variety of malignancies including metastatic melanoma. As the use of ICIs expand, immune-mediated adverse events are becoming a common occurrence. <h3>Case presentation</h3> We describe the first reported patient with small vessel vasculitis, manifested by digital ischemia, following treatment with high dose Ipilimumab for resected stage IIIB/C melanoma. This patient received high dose steroids, five-day intravenous (IV) Epoprostenol protocol, botulinum toxin injections, and Rituximab 375&nbsp;mg/m<sup>2</sup> weekly for four cycles. With this treatment regimen, the digital ischemia did not progress proximally, but she did require multiple distal digit amputations about six months after the onset of her symptoms. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Prompt identification and management of immune related adverse events (IRAEs) are critical to optimal patient management. This patient's vasculitis did not reverse, but was likely halted and stabilized with multiple immunosuppressive medications.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Children with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Miori Sato, Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada, Makoto Irahara, Fumi Ishikawa, Motoko Mitsui, Mayako Saito, Yumiko Miyaji, Shinichiro Inagaki, Tatsuki Fukuie, Ichiro Nomura, Masami Narita, Yukihiro Ohya
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Methotrexate as a possible therapeutic in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis: efficacy and safety
Authors: Caroline F. Formigari, Pryscilla F. Silva, Pamela A. Barbosa, Gislane S. Juliao, Myllena A. Cunha, Antonio C. Pastorino, Ana Paula C. Moschione, Mayra B. Dorna, Cristiane N. Santos
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Sensitization to Peach tree pollen in a non-exposed population
Authors: Maria Luisa Somoza, Natalia Blanca-López, Diana Victoria Pérez-Alzate, María Vazquez de la Torre, Damian López-Sánchez, Laura Victorio-Puche, María Garrido-Arandia, Araceli Diaz-Perales, Miguel Blanca, María Gabriela Canto
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Abstract 11225: Trends in Atrial Fibrillation Hospitalizations From 1996 to 2010 Using Data From National Hospital Discharge Survey
Authors: Muhammad U Nisar, Michael S Sharbaugh, Floyd W Thoma, Muhammad B Munir, Amir S Kamran, Andrew D Althouse, Samir Saba
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Aims: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice. Patients presenting with AF are often admitted to the hospital for rhythm or rate control, symptom management, and/or anticoagulation. We investigated temporal trends in AF hospitalizations in the United States from 1996 to 2010. Methods: Data were obtained from the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS), a national probability sample survey of discharges conducted annually by the National Center for Health Statistics. Because of the survey design, sampling weights are applied to the raw NHDS data to produce national estimates. Hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of AF were identified using ICD-9 code. Weighted least squares regression was used to test for linear trends in the number of AF admissions, length of stay, and inpatient mortality. Results: AF admissions increased from approximately 286,000 in 1996 to about 410,000 in 2010 with a significant linear trend (β=9460 additional admissions per year, p&lt;0.001). Overall, mean length of stay for AF admissions was 3.75 days, and this remained relatively stable over time (β=0.002 days, p=0.884; see Figure). Inpatient mortality was 0.96% and also remained stable over time (β=0.031%, p=0.181; see Figure). Conclusion: Our data demonstrate an increase in the number of AF admissions but constant length of stay and mortality over time. Opportunities to decrease the cost of inpatient AF management should therefore target reducing both the number of admissions as well as the length of stay.
Transcriptional profiles of different states of cancer stem cells in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Mingshan Liu, Yang Liu, Lu Deng, Dong Wang, Xueyan He, Lei Zhou, Max S. Wicha, Fan Bai, Suling Liu
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2018)

Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are thought to be responsible for tumor initiation, metastasis and relapse. Our group and others have described markers useful in isolating BCSCs just as aldehyde dehydrogenase positive (ALDH+) or CD24−CD44+. In fact, cells which simultaneously express both sets of markers have the highest tumor initiating capacity. Although the transcriptomic profile of cells expressing each BCSC marker alone has been reported, the profile of the most tumorigenic population expressing both sets of markers has not. Here we used the biomarker combination of ALDH and CD24/CD44 to sort four populations isolated from triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patient-derived xenografts, and performed whole-transcriptome sequencing on each population. We systematically compared the profiles of the three states of BCSCs (ALDH+CD24−CD44+, ALDH+non-CD24−CD44+ and ALDH−CD24−CD44+) to that of the differentiated tumor cells (ALDH−non-CD24−CD44+). For the first time, we compared the ALDH+CD24−CD44+ BCSCs with the other two BCSC populations. In ALDH+CD24−CD44+ BCSCs, we identified P4HA2, PTGR1 and RAB40B as potential prognostic markers, which were virtually related to the status of BCSCs and tumor growth in TNBC cells.
Biomarkers of AKI Progression after Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Jason H. Greenberg, Michael Zappitelli, Yaqi Jia, Heather R. Thiessen-Philbrook, Christina A. de Fontnouvelle, F. Perry Wilson, Steven Coca, Prasad Devarajan, Chirag R. Parikh
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2018)

Background As children progress to higher stages of AKI, the risk for adverse outcomes dramatically increases. No reliable methods exist to predict AKI progression in hospitalized children. To determine if biomarkers of inflammation and kidney injury can predict AKI progression, we conducted a three-center prospective cohort study of children undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods On the first day of serum creatinine-defined AKI, we measured urine biomarkers (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL], IL-18, kidney injury molecule 1, liver fatty acid binding protein [L-FABP], albumin, and cystatin C) and plasma biomarkers (IFN, IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, TNF-α, NGAL, and cystatin C). We defined AKI progression as a worsening of AKI stage or persisting stage 3 AKI (≥2 consecutive days).Results In all, 176 of 408 (43%) children developed postoperative AKI. Among the children with AKI, we diagnosed stages 1, 2, and 3 AKI in 145 (82.5%), 25 (14%), and six (3.5%) children, respectively, on the first day of AKI; 28 (7%) children had AKI progression. On the first day of AKI, nine of 17 biomarkers were significantly higher in patients with than without AKI progression. Urine L-FABP (among injury biomarkers) and plasma IL-8 (among inflammatory biomarkers) had the highest discrimination for AKI progression: optimism-corrected area under the curve, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.58 to 0.81 and optimism-corrected area under the curve, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.69 to 0.91, respectively.Conclusions If validated in additional cohorts, plasma IL-8 could be used to improve clinical care and guide enrollment in therapeutic trials of AKI.
Traitement Endoscopique des Fistules digestives post chirurgicales par drain de KEHR. Etude de Faisabilité
Authors: M Queralto, P Cabarrot, J Castellano, J Philip, A Ledit, J Levy
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Le drain de Kehr est régulièrement utilisé après cholédocotomie pour drainage biliaire externe. En 1970, Abott en préconisait l'application dans le cadre d'une perforation de l'oesophage thoracique.[1] La fistulisation dirigée de la brèche oesophagienne était réalisée sur un drain de Kehr après avoir excisé les berges et suturé l'oesophage autour de ce drain. Nous avons voulu étudier la faisabilité de la mise en place endoscopique dans les fistules digestives.
Abstract 17713: Data Driven Modeling of Electronic Health Record Data to Detect Pre-diagnostic Heart Failure in Primary Care
Authors: Kenney Ng, Walter F Stewart, Christopher deFilippi, Yajuan Wang, Roy J Byrd, Steven R Steinhubl, Zahar Daar, Heather Law, Jianying Hu
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Electronic health records (EHRs) represent an opportunity for real-time early risk prediction. EHR records were used to determine the extent to which machine learning tools and a purely data driven approach to modeling (DDM) could detect heart failure subtypes, i.e., preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), 12 months before a clinical diagnosis. Methods: Incident HF cases were identified from Geisinger Clinic primary care patients age 50-85, diagnosed between 2001 and 2010 and further defined as HFrEF if LVEF≤40 and HFpEF if LVEF&gt;50. Controls were chosen to match HF cases by age, gender, location and primary care physician. EHR data were extracted on demographics, ICD-9 codes, medication orders, clinical and behavioral measures. Modeling was completed to detect HF using data from a 24-month observation window 12 months before the HF diagnosis. Patient feature vectors were generated from the data and summarized by one or more aggregation functions (e.g., counts, means). For the HF endpoint, modeling was done with and without patients who had an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) event within 12 months of the diagnosis. Regularized logistic regression was applied using information gain feature selection and 10-fold cross validation. Model performance was assessed by the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and complexity by the number of selected features. Results: Performance for HFpEF is better than for HFrEF. The HFpEF model is more complex than the HFrEF model as indicated by more EHR information that was needed to discriminate the HFpEF cases from controls. Performance with and without ACS cases is similar though models including ACS cases are more complex than models excluding them (Table). Conclusions: Purely data driven approaches to modeling can be used to detect HF 12 months before clinical diagnosis. Model performance and complexity varies with the HF subtypes indicating differences in the complexity of modeling the HF subtypes.
Traitement endoscopique des sténoses bénignes de la voie biliaire principale: Résultats d'une étude monocentrique
Authors: I Ghribi, B Ben Slimane, M Ghanem, K Boughoula, S Bizid, AH Ben, MR Bouali, N Abdelli
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

L'endoscopie thérapeutique constitue le traitement de choix des sténoses biliaires bénignes. Le but de ce travail était de rapporter notre expérience dans la prise en charge des sténoses bénignes de la voie biliaire principale (VBP).
La macrodilatation du sphincter d'Oddi dans le traitement des gros calculs de la voie biliaire principale: Expérience d'un service marocain
Authors: S Jamal, H Seddik, S Berrag, K Loubaris, S Morabit, F Bouhamou, A Aomari, H Boutallaka, R Berraida, I El Koti, A Benkirane
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

La macrodilatation du sphincter d'Oddi (MDSO) consiste en une large dilatation de la papille qui vient compléter une sphinctérotomie endoscopique en cas de gros calculs cholédociens. L'objectif de ce travail est d'évaluer les résultats et les complications de cette macrodilatation ainsi que les facteurs associés.