tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Overseas doctors enhance and are essential to NHS, MPs say
Authors: Matthew Limb
Journal: BMJ (2015)

MPs have said that doctors from other countries “enhance the NHS” and have become “essential” to its workforce.

In a parliamentary debate on immigration, MPs discussed an e-petition calling for an end to immigration to the UK. The petition (https://petition.parliament.uk/petitions/106477) had acquired nearly 200 000 signatures, more than the 100 000 needed to trigger a debate. 

Keir Starmer, Labour MP for Holborn and St Pancras, said that he and his party …
How to pass MRCPCH and DCH
Authors: Peter Cross
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<i>As part of our series to help you succeed in the current postgraduate royal college exams,</i> Sabina Dosani <i>and</i> Peter Cross <i>give the lowdown on the membership exam of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (and the Diploma of Child Health) and interview examiners and candidates for their tips on passing it.</i>
Abstract P4-15-12: Evaluating the significance of the Van Nuys prognostic index for the management of ductal carcinoma in situ – one center's experience
Authors: A Niwinska, J Galecki, M Nagadowska, J Piechocki, M Kunkiel, AI Jagiello-Gruszfeld, Z Nowecki
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Aim: This was to assess the treatment outcomes of ductal carcinoma of the breast (DCIS) based on the Van Nuys Prognostic Index. Material and Methods: 634 consecutive patients with DCIS were treated at the Warsaw Cancer Center, Poland between 1996 and 2008 based on the VNPI score. Tumorectomy without radiotherapy (T) was performed in 123 (20%) patients, breast conserving treatment (BCT) in 206 (32%) and mastectomy (M) in 305 (48%). Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analysed within 3 groups and a multivariate analysis was performed to determine the most important factor affecting local relapse. Results: 5-year, 10-year and 15-year DFS in the M group were respectively 98%, 97% and 97% whilst 5-year, 10-year and 15-year DFS in the BCT group were respectively 91%, 87% and 80%. 5-year, 10-year and 15-year DFS in the T group were respectively 92%, 73% and 67%. Local recurrence was observed in 54 patients. In 40% cases this was noninvasive and in 60 % invasive. Only 4 of 54 patients with recurrence died due to breast cancer. 5-year, 10-year and 15-year OS in the M group were respectively 96%, 92% and 89%. 5-year, 10-year and 15-year OS in the BCT group were respectively 99%, 94% and 85%. 5-year, 10-year and 15-year OS in the T group were respectively 95%, 90% and 73% (p=0.422). Tumor size assessed by mammography was the only variable affecting DFS. Conclusions: Treatment outcomes of DCIS based on the Van Nuys Prognostic Index are comparable with those cited the literature, however, the recurrence rate in the T group seems to be very high. This group requires that new risk factors be sought for prior to taking a treatment decision. Citation Format: Niwinska A, Galecki J, Nagadowska M, Piechocki J, Kunkiel M, Jagiello-Gruszfeld AI, Nowecki Z. Evaluating the significance of the Van Nuys prognostic index for the management of ductal carcinoma in situ – one center's experience [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-15-12.
Doctors from underprivileged backgrounds are poorly represented in medicine
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2013)

Doctors from underprivileged backgrounds are poorly represented in medicine, the General Medical Council has concluded after asking doctors in training about their social backgrounds.

A third of doctors in training have been privately educated, and only one in 20 doctors in training grew up in the UK’s most deprived areas, show data from the GMC’s national training survey.1

The findings add to the growing evidence that social inequalities persist in the profile of those gaining access to a career in medicine. Figures from the Higher Education Statistics Authority indicate that the social profile of medical students …
Carvedilol for Prevention of Chemotherapy-Related Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Mônica Samuel Avila, Silvia Moreira Ayub-Ferreira, Mauro Rogerio de Barros Wanderley, Fatima das Dores Cruz, Sara Michelly Gonçalves Brandão, Vagner Oliveira Carvalho Rigaud, Marília Harumi Higuchi-dos-Santos, Ludhmila Abrahão Hajjar, Roberto Kalil Filho, Paulo Marcelo Hoff, Marina Sahade, Marcela S.M. Ferrari, Romulo Leopoldo de Paula Costa, Max Senna Mano, Cecilia Beatriz Bittencourt Viana Cruz, Maria Cristina Abduch, Marco Stephan Lofrano Alves, Guilherme Veiga Guimaraes, Victor Sarli Issa, Marcio Sommer Bittencourt, Edimar Alcides Bocchi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
A New Approach to Predict Progression-free Survival in Stage IV EGFR-mutant NSCLC Patients with EGFR-TKI Therapy
Authors: Jiangdian Song, Jingyun Shi, Di Dong, Mengjie Fang, Wenzhao Zhong, Kun Wang, Ning Wu, Yanqi Huang, Zhenyu Liu, Yue Cheng, Yuncui Gan, Yongzhao Zhou, Ping Zhou, Bojiang Chen, Changhong Liang, Zaiyi Liu, Weimin Li, Jie Tian
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Purpose: We established a CT-derived approach to achieve accurate progression-free survival (PFS) prediction to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) therapy in multicenter, stage IV EGFR-mutated non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Experimental Design: A total of 1,032 CT-based phenotypic characteristics were extracted according to the intensity, shape, and texture of NSCLC pretherapy images. On the basis of these CT features extracted from 117 stage IV EGFR-mutant NSCLC patients, a CT-based phenotypic signature was proposed using a Cox regression model with LASSO penalty for the survival risk stratification of EGFR-TKI therapy. The signature was validated using two independent cohorts (101 and 96 patients, respectively). The benefit of EGFR-TKIs in stratified patients was then compared with another stage-IV EGFR-mutant NSCLC cohort only treated with standard chemotherapy (56 patients). Furthermore, an individualized prediction model incorporating the phenotypic signature and clinicopathologic risk characteristics was proposed for PFS prediction, and also validated by multicenter cohorts. Results: The signature consisted of 12 CT features demonstrated good accuracy for discriminating patients with rapid and slow progression to EGFR-TKI therapy in three cohorts (HR: 3.61, 3.77, and 3.67, respectively). Rapid progression patients received EGFR TKIs did not show significant difference with patients underwent chemotherapy for progression-free survival benefit (P = 0.682). Decision curve analysis revealed that the proposed model significantly improved the clinical benefit compared with the clinicopathologic-based characteristics model (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Conclusions: The proposed CT-based predictive strategy can achieve individualized prediction of PFS probability to EGFR-TKI therapy in NSCLCs, which holds promise of improving the pretherapy personalized management of TKIs. Clin Cancer Res; 24(15); 3583–92. ©2018 AACR.
AVAILABILITY AND CHARACTERISTICS OF CARDIAC REHABILITATION PROGRAMS IN CHINA: A FOLLOW-UP NATIONAL SURVEY FROM THE NATIONAL SURVEY WRITING GROUP OF CHINESE SOCIETY OF CARDIAC PREVENTION AND REHABILITATION
Authors: Rongjing Ding, Randal Thomas, Dong Zhao, Sidney Smith, Zhixin Zhang, Lopez-Jimenez Francisco, Ray Squires, Lemin Wang, Dayi Hu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Project management (PRINCE2) foundation qualification
Authors: Sripat Pai
Journal: BMJ (2010)

This qualification is aimed at anyone who works as part of a project team, regardless of their organisation’s size or type (public or private sector).

I took the course in December 2009.

PRINCE2 (projects in a controlled environment) is a structured project management method developed by the UK Office of Government Commerce. The PRINCE2 foundation qualification is internationally recognised in project management.

For a general practitioner, projects are an important way to introduce change and innovation into the practice and are …
Association of proteinuria, hypertension, and hand-foot-skin reaction with efficacy of apatinib in gastric cancer: Results from the post-marketing study (Ahead-G201).
Authors: Jin Li, Wenying Deng, Lu Wen, Junsheng Wang, Guifang Zhang, Haijun Zhong, Tongfu Jia, Jianwei Yang, Yi Ba, Yuxian Bai, Xiaoyan Lin, Mei Wang, Lin Wang, Likun Liu, Yifu He, Min Tao, Congying Xie, Feng Ye, Xiang-yuan Wu, Shukui Qin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

73 Background: Ahead-G201 is an ongoing open-label, multicenter, post-marketing Phase IV trial assessing safety and efficacy of apatinib in 2000+ patients (pts) with chemotherapy-refractory advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma of stomach or gastroesophageal junction. Proteinuria (PTN), hypertension (HTN) and hand-foot-skin reaction (HFSR) are common adverse events (AEs) related to anti-angiogenesis drugs. Methods: As of 2017/7/10, 1037 and 820 pts were evaluable for safety and survival. Clinical outcomes were compared between pts with and without PTN / PTN / HFSR using Kaplan–Meier methods and multivariate Cox regression model. Results: 200 (19.3%), 194 (18.8%) and 115 (11.1%) pts had PTN, HTN and HFSR, respectively. Similar mean daily dosage was found between pts with and without PTN, HTN or HFSR (from 520.6 to 551.0 mg/day). Pts developed PTN / HTN / HFSR had longer median medication durations (57 vs. 33 / 55 vs. 35 / 65 vs. 36 days; p&lt;0.001). However, there was no significant difference in tumor response and progression free survival (PFS) between pts with and without PTN/HTN/HFSR (Table). Only pts had HFSR showed significantly longer overall survival (OS) (8.38 vs. 5.95 months; p=0.0003). After adjusted for baseline and treatment characteristics, presence of HFSR was found to be independently associated with prolonged OS (HR: 1.82 [95%CI, 1.25–2.66]). Conclusions: Occurrence of HFSR is an independent predictor of better OS. Prior analysis based on Phase II and III indicated the relationship between HTN and prolonged OS, which needs to be further analyzed. Clinical trial information: NCT02426034. [Table: see text]
THE CURRENT SOCIETY OF THORACIC SURGEONS MODEL RECLASSIFIES MORTALITY RISK IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Arnav Kumar, Kimi Sato, Jyoti Narayanswami, Vivek Menon, Kinjal Banerjee, Anil Kumar Reddy Anumandla, Krystof Andress, Divyanshu Mohananey, Chetan Lokhande, Abhishek Sawant, Abdur Khan, Amar Krishnaswamy, E. Murat Tuzcu, Wael Jaber, Stephanie Mick, Lars Svensson, Samir Kapadia
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
3D bioprinted models of Glioblastoma
Authors: Nick Leslie, Miguel Hermida, Dinesh Kumar
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

In-vitro brain tumour models are valuable tools both to study cancer biology and for successful pre-clinical testing of anticancer drugs. However, substantial challenges remain before we can create pathologically-relevant models which closely mimic the microenvironment of human brain tumours, their growth characteristics and their response to therapies. We have developed a 3D bioprinting strategy using modified alginate matrices incorporating hyaluronan and collagen, in order to create tumour-like structures containing both glioma stem cell lines and glioma derived stromal cells. Our results to date show that the printing process can be performed with minimal effects on cell viability, even when cells are printed at high density; that cells proliferate within the gel and that rapid cell-cell adhesion can be promoted with appropriate matrices. We are able to print glioma stem cells with and without stromal cells in separate layers within tumour like 3D constructs with a smallest feature size (resolution) of approximately 300 micrometers. This capability to spatially position cell populations and other components within a 3D tumour construct allows new experimental approaches by controlling individual parameters of the tumour microenvironment and should provide novel highly-reproducible models for preclinical drug testing.
Doctors are emotionally “damaged” by complaints, analysis finds
Authors: Matthew Limb
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Doctors who face complaints are being left emotionally “damaged” by the experience in ways that may harm patient care, a new analysis has said.

The study uncovered the feelings that doctors have about complaints processes, the impact on their psychological wellbeing, and “defensive” practice. Doctors said that they felt powerless, incompetent, and unsupported in a system that was “biased” against them and offered few positive outcomes.

The researchers behind the study said that around a quarter of doctors reported that a complaint had led to changes in their practice. Some considered a change in career while others “practised more defensively,” such as overprescribing medicines as a precaution or not taking on difficult cases.

The researchers said that the findings showed that “toxic” complaints procedures should be reformed because they provoked fear and anxiety rather than creating fair and open opportunities for learning.

“What’s going on here is against natural justice and it is not good for …
Non-invasive Measurement of Brown Fat Metabolism Based on Optoacoustic Imaging of Hemoglobin Gradients
Authors: Josefine Reber, Monja Willershäuser, Angelos Karlas, Korbinian Paul-Yuan, Gael Diot, Daniela Franz, Tobias Fromme, Saak V. Ovsepian, Nicolas Bézière, Elena Dubikovskaya, Dimitrios C. Karampinos, Christina Holzapfel, Hans Hauner, Martin Klingenspor, Vasilis Ntziachristos
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2018)
Mutant ataxin1 disrupts cerebellar development in spinocerebellar ataxia type 1
Authors: Chandrakanth Reddy Edamakanti, Jeehaeh Do, Alessandro Didonna, Marco Martina, Puneet Opal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2018)

Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is an adult-onset neurodegenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the protein ATXN1, which is involved in transcriptional regulation. Although symptoms appear relatively late in life, primarily from cerebellar dysfunction, pathogenesis begins early, with transcriptional changes detectable as early as a week after birth in SCA1-knockin mice. Given the importance of this postnatal period for cerebellar development, we asked whether this region might be developmentally altered by mutant ATXN1. We found that expanded ATXN1 stimulates the proliferation of postnatal cerebellar stem cells in SCA1 mice. These hyperproliferating stem cells tended to differentiate into GABAergic inhibitory interneurons rather than astrocytes; this significantly increased the GABAergic inhibitory interneuron synaptic connections, disrupting cerebellar Purkinje cell function in a non-cell autonomous manner. We confirmed the increased basket cell-Purkinje cell connectivity in human SCA1 patients. Mutant ATXN1 thus alters the neural circuitry of the developing cerebellum, setting the stage for the later vulnerability of Purkinje cells to SCA1. We propose that other late-onset degenerative diseases may also be rooted in subtle developmental derailments.
Abstract 14178: MCL-1 Regulates Mitochondrial Fission and Mitophagy
Authors: Alexandra G Moyzis, Leonardo J Leon, Rita H Najor, Asa B Gustafsson
Journal: Circulation (2017)

The anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family protein Myeloid Cell Leukemia-1 (MCL-1) is essential for maintaining cardiac homeostasis in the adult heart. We previously reported that cardiac-specific deletion of...
Abstract P3-10-15: Stellate cells and mesenchymal stem cells in benign mammary stroma are associated with risk factors for breast cancer
Authors: HL Olsson, BL Isfoss, B Holmqvist, H Jernstrom
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Background: It is not known whether stromal cells in benign breast tissue can mediate risk of breast cancer. We recently described aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A1 (ALDH1) positive (+) cells in morphologically normal breast stroma of premenopausal women, and the data indicated that their distribution is associated with clinical risk factors for breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to define the identities of these cells using histological and immunohistological methods, and to investigate associations between those cells and hormonal and genetic risk factors in pre- and postmenopausal women. Methods: Stroma of morphologically normal tissue was analyzed in samples from 101 well-characterized women whose breasts had been operated. Morphology and immunolabeling were applied to determine cell identities based on the putative stem cell markers ALDH1 and stage-specific embryonic antigen-3 (SSEA3), and immunophenotypes indicating mast cells or stellate cells. The results were compared with the patients' risk factors using regression analysis (two-tailed). Results: ALDH1+ round/oval cells were associated with low parity in BRCA1/2 carriers (p = 0.022), while in non-BRCA1/2-carriers they were negatively associated with nulliparity (p = 0.057). In premenopausal women ALDH1+ round/oval cells were associated with family history (p = 0.058). SSEA3+ round/oval cells were morphologically and immunohistologically consistent with multilineage stress-enduring (Muse) cells, and these cells were independently associated with the breast cancer risk factors low parity (p = 0.015), family history (p = 0.021), and hormone use after menopause (p = 0.032). ALDH1+ spindle-shaped/polygonal cells were immunohistologically consistent with stellate cells, and were negatively associated with family history of breast cancer (p = 0.001). Conclusion: This study identified novel stromal cell types in benign breast tissue that have a potential for stratifying women for breast cancer risk. Citation Format: Olsson HL, Isfoss BL, Holmqvist B, Jernstrom H. Stellate cells and mesenchymal stem cells in benign mammary stroma are associated with risk factors for breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-10-15.
How data can deliver for dermatology
Authors: Katrina Abuabara, Maryam M. Asgari, Suephy C. Chen, Robert P. Dellavalle, Sunil Kalia, Aaron M. Secrest, Jonathan I. Silverberg, James A. Solomon, Martin A. Weinstock, Jashin J. Wu, Mary-Margaret Chren
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2018)
The HNF1α-regulated lncRNA HNF1A-AS1 reverses the malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma by enhancing the phosphatase activity of SHP-1
Authors: Chen-Hong Ding, Chuan Yin, Shi-Jie Chen, Liang-Zhi Wen, Kai Ding, Shu-Juan Lei, Jin-Pei Liu, Jian Wang, Kai-xian Chen, Hua-liang Jiang, Xin Zhang, Cheng Luo, Wei-Fen Xie
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2018)

Our previous study has demonstrated that hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α) exerts potent therapeutic effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the molecular mechanisms by which HNF1α reverses HCC malignancy need to be further elucidated.lncRNA microarray was performed to identify the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulated by HNF1α. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays were applied to clarify the mechanism of the transcriptional regulation of HNF1α to HNF1A antisense RNA 1 (HNF1A-AS1). The effect of HNF1A-AS1 on HCC malignancy was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. RNA pulldown, RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation and the Bio-Layer Interferometry assay were used to validate the interaction of HNF1A-AS1 and Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1).HNF1α regulated the expression of a subset of lncRNAs in HCC cells. Among these lncRNAs, the expression levels of HNF1A-AS1 were notably correlated with HNF1α levels in HCC cells and human HCC tissues. HNF1α activated the transcription of HNF1A-AS1 by directly binding to its promoter region. HNF1A-AS1 inhibited the growth and the metastasis of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, knockdown of HNF1A-AS1 reversed the suppressive effects of HNF1α on the migration and invasion of HCC cells. Importantly, HNF1A-AS1 directly bound to the C-terminal of SHP-1 with a high binding affinity (KD = 59.57 ± 14.29 nM) and increased the phosphatase activity of SHP-1. Inhibition of SHP-1 enzymatic activity substantially reversed the HNF1α- or HNF1A-AS1-induced reduction on the metastatic property of HCC cells.Our data revealed that HNF1A-AS1 is a direct transactivation target of HNF1α in HCC cells and involved in the anti-HCC effect of HNF1α. HNF1A-AS1 functions as phosphatase activator through the direct interaction with SHP-1. These findings suggest that regulation of the HNF1α/HNF1A-AS1/SHP-1 axis may have beneficial effects in the treatment of HCC.
Acute psychosocial stress downregulates <i>N</i> -methyl-<scp>d</scp> -aspartate receptors in healthy human skin
Authors: H.J.A. Hunter, E. Morsman, K.T. Mellody, S.K. Ogden, L.A.H. Zeef, A. Hayes, C.E.M. Griffiths, C.E. Kleyn
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)
Increase consultation times and reduce patient numbers, say GPs
Authors: Matthew Limb
Journal: BMJ (2016)

GP s have supported calls to raise the minimum consultation time to 15 minutes and restrict daily contacts with patient to levels similar to those in other European Union countries.

Delegates at a special BMA conference of local medical committees (LMCs) approved the measures in a motion warning that intensive workloads could pose risks to the care of patient and the health of GPs. But moves to seek a reduction in core hours and a maximum 48 hour week were rejected at the conference on Saturday 30 January.

Helena McKeown, of Wiltshire LMC, said …
Internet-Accessed STI Test Complements Face-to-Face Services
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2018)

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HOSPITALIZATIONS FOR MAJOR BLEEDING AND OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES
Authors: Srikanth Yandrapalli, Yogita Rochlani, Prakash Harikrishnan, Venkat Lakshmi Kishan Vuddanda, Sisir Siddamsetti, Wilbert Aronow, Chhaya Aggarwal, William Frishman, Gregg Lanier, Alan Gass, Howard Cooper, Julio Panza
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)