tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of psycho-oncological intervention on anxiety and depression in gastrointestinal tumor patients.
Authors: Sophie Mangelsen, Nancy Kadur, Patrick Stuebs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

160 Background: We aimed to investigate the degree of anxiety and depression associated with the physical consequences of gastrointestinal tumors in relation to the treatment situation. Methods: 104 patients undergoing chemotherapeutic treatment were included in the study. The efficacy of the interventions and the changes in the stress level were evaluated by using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Additionally, three intervention groups in individual setting: Conversational, relaxation and psycho-educational. Results: We demonstrate that overall the gastrointestinal patients were psychologically strained by anxiety and depression before the start of psycho-oncological intervention (at the beginning of chemotherapy). M A_t1 = 6,61 ( m A_t1_curative = 6,55 ; m A_t1_palliative = 6,64); η 2 A_t1 = 0,667; M D_t1 = 6,68 ( m D_t1_curative = 6,28 ; m D_t1_palliative = 6,88). Palliative patients seemed to be more strained in descriptive terms than patients in curative treatment situation. We determined an increase in a clinically relevant cutoff of about 32 % (anxiety) to about 54 % (depressiveness) in both pre-post survey groups. Anxiety and depressiveness showed a declining trend towards the end of the intervention or chemotherapy, independent of the curative or palliative treatment situation. Differential effects in effectiveness on anxiety and depression levels were observed between the various interventions ( p &gt; .05). A significant decrease in anxiety towards the end of chemotherapy was empirically evident only in patients in adjuvant treatment ( M A_t1 = 6.95; M t2 = 4.97; p &gt; .016), we did not observe any correlation with the interventions. In addition, a reduction in both anxiety and depressiveness was found in the relaxation group in patients in adjuvant treatment. Conclusions: Our data demonstrates the importance of relaxation and discussion intervention over a purely psycho-educative intervention. A particular strength of our study lies in its longitudinal design and in its focus on a group of patients with exclusively gastrointestinal tumors. Further studies are needed to optimize the therapeutic potential of relaxation and discussion intervention in gastrointestinal cancer.
Risk of gastrointestinal and hepatic toxicities in patients with cancer treated with poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase inhibitors: A meta-analysis of seven phase III trials.
Authors: Myo Zaw, Anita Sultan, Sriman Swarup, Myat M. Han, Yin Mon Myat, Khaing Khaing Htwe, Aung Myo Hein, Tsujung Yang, Kyaw Zin Thein
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

219 Background: Inhibition of poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP) enzymes terminates an alternative DNA repair pathway, resulting in synthetic lethality in homologous recombination deficient tumors. Many PARP inhibitors have shown to improve survival in many solid tumors with noteworthy safety concerns. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) to determine the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) and hepatic toxicities. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE databases and meeting abstracts from inception through June 2018. Phase III RCTs that mention GI toxicities and elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) as adverse effects were incorporated in the analysis. Mantel-Haenszel (MH) method was used to calculate the estimated pooled risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Random effects model was applied. Results: 3188 patients from 7 phase III RCTs with breast, ovarian and gastric cancer were eligible. Studies compared olaparib or niraparib or rucaparib versus placebo, olaparib versus single agent chemotherapy, iniparib + gemcitabine / carboplatin (GC) versus GC, veliparib + C versus C and olaparib + paclitaxel versus paclitaxel. The RR of all-grade side effects were as follows: diarrhea, 1.24 (95% CI: 1.08 – 1.42, P = 0.002); nausea, 1.53 (95% CI: 1.16 – 2.02, P = 0.002); vomiting, 1.46 (95% CI: 1.02 – 2.08, P = 0.03); elevated AST, 1.25 (95% CI: 0.58 – 2.67, P = 0.55); and elevated ALT, 1.61 (95% CI: 0.81 – 3.20, P = 0.16). The RR of high-grade side effects were as follows: diarrhea, 1.08 (95% CI: 0.52 – 2.24, P = 0.82); nausea, 1.81 (95% CI: 0.79 – 4.12, P = 0.15); vomiting, 1.99 (95% CI: 1.06 – 3.73, P = 0.03); elevated AST, 1.86 (95% CI: 0.45 – 7.55, P = 0.38); and elevated ALT, 1.33 (95% CI: 0.42 – 4.18, P = 0.62). Conclusions: Our study showed that the risk of developing all grades of vomiting as well as any-grade nausea and diarrhea was high in PARP inhibitors arm, compared to control group. Timely recognition and prompt intervention with good supportive care are entailed.
Hepatitis E in pigs in Israel: seroprevalence, molecular characterisation and potential impact on humans
Authors: Rachel Shirazi, Paolo Pozzi, Marina Wax, Itay Bar-Or, Efrat Asulin, Yaniv Lustig, Ella Mendelson, Ziv Ben-Ari, Eli Schwartz, Orna Mor
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2018)

IntroductionThe zoonotic hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 (HEV-G3) has become a common cause of acute and chronic hepatitis among humans worldwide. In Israel, while HEV-3 sequences have previously been detected in sewage, only the non-zoonotic HEV-G1 genotype has been found in samples from human patients.AimIn this pilot study, we aimed to assess the status of HEV in a sample of the swine population and among swine farm workers in Israel.MethodsPig blood (n = 141) and faecal samples (n = 39), pig farm sewage samples (n = 8) and blood from farm workers (n = 24) were collected between February 2016 and October 2017. Anti-HEV IgG was detected using the Wantai assay. HEV RNA was analysed with the RealStar HEV kit. HEV open reading frame 1 fragments amplified from representative HEV RNA-positive samples were used for phylogenetic analysis.ResultsOverall prevalence of HEV antibodies in pigs was 75.9% (107/141). HEV RNA was detected in plasma (2.1%, 3/141), faecal (22.8%, 18/79) and pig sewage (4/8) samples. Pig and sewage-derived viral sequences clustered with previously identified human sewage HEV-G3 sequences. Most pig farms workers (23 of 24) were HEV-seropositive; none was viraemic or reported previous clinical signs.ConclusionsThis study showed that domestic pigs in Israel are infected with HEV-G3. The high HEV seropositivity of the farm workers together with the previous identification of this virus in human sewage suggests circulation to humans. The clinical impact of these findings on public health should be further explored.
Multistate Infestation with the Exotic Disease–Vector Tick <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> — United States, August 2017–September 2018
Authors: C. Ben Beard, James Occi, Denise L. Bonilla, Andrea M. Egizi, Dina M. Fonseca, James W. Mertins, Bryon P. Backenson, Waheed I. Bajwa, Alexis M. Barbarin, Matthew A. Bertone, Justin Brown, Neeta P. Connally, Nancy D. Connell, Rebecca J. Eisen, Richard C. Falco, Angela M. James, Rayda K. Krell, Kevin Lahmers, Nicole Lewis, Susan E. Little, Michael Neault, Adalberto A. Pérez de León, Adam R. Randall, Mark G. Ruder, Meriam N. Saleh, Brittany L. Schappach, Betsy A. Schroeder, Leslie L. Seraphin, Morgan Wehtje, Gary P. Wormser, Michael J. Yabsley, William Halperin
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

Haemaphysalis longicornis is a tick indigenous to eastern Asia and an important vector of human and animal disease agents, resulting in such outcomes as human hemorrhagic fever and reduction of production in dairy cattle by 25%. H. longicornis was discovered on a sheep in New Jersey in August 2017 (1). This was the first detection in the United States outside of quarantine. In the spring of 2018, the tick was again detected at the index site, and later, in other counties in New Jersey, in seven other states in the eastern United States, and in Arkansas. The hosts included six species of domestic animals, six species of wildlife, and humans. To forestall adverse consequences in humans, pets, livestock, and wildlife, several critical actions are indicated, including expanded surveillance to determine the evolving distribution of H. longicornis, detection of pathogens that H. longicornis currently harbors, determination of the capacity of H. longicornis to serve as a vector for a range of potential pathogens, and evaluation of effective agents and methods for the control of H. longicornis.
Structural Patching Fosters Divergence of Mitochondrial Ribosomes
Authors: Anton S Petrov, Elizabeth C Wood, Chad R Bernier, Ashlyn M Norris, Alan Brown, Alexey Amunts
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2018)

Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) are essential components of all mitochondria that synthesize proteins encoded by the mitochondrial genome. Unlike other ribosomes, mitoribosomes are highly variable across species. The basis for this diversity is not known. Here, we examine the composition and evolutionary history of mitoribosomes across the phylogenetic tree by combining three-dimensional structural information with a comparative analysis of the secondary structures of mitochondrial rRNAs (mt-rRNAs) and available proteomic data. We generate a map of the acquisition of structural variation and reconstruct the fundamental stages that shaped the evolution of the mitoribosomal large subunit and led to this diversity. Our analysis suggests a critical role for ablation and expansion of rapidly evolving mt-rRNA. These changes cause structural instabilities that are "patched" by the acquisition of pre-existing compensatory elements, thus providing opportunities for rapid evolution. This mechanism underlies the incorporation of mt-tRNA into the central protuberance of the mammalian mitoribosome, and the altered path of the polypeptide exit tunnel of the yeast mitoribosome. We propose that since the toolkits of elements utilized for structural patching differ between mitochondria of different species, it fosters the growing divergence of mitoribosomes.
An outbreak of leptospirosis among kayakers in Brittany, North-West France, 2016
Authors: Yvonnick Guillois, Pascale Bourhy, Florence Ayral, Mathilde Pivette, Anouk Decors, José Héctor Aranda Grau, Benoît Champenois, Célia Malhère, Benoît Combes, Céline Richomme, Marine Le Guyader, Lisa Antoinette King, Alexandra Septfons
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2018)

In September 2016, a cluster of seven kayakers with clinical symptoms of leptospirosis with onset since July 2016 was reported to French health authorities. Human and animal investigations were undertaken to describe the outbreak, identify the likely place and source of infection and implement necessary control measures. We identified 103 patients with clinical symptoms of leptospirosis between 1 June and 31 October 2016 who lived in the Ille-et-Vilaine district in Brittany. Of these, 14 (including the original seven) reported contacts with the river Vilaine during the incubation period and were defined as outbreak cases: eight were confirmed by serology tests or PCR and six were probable without a laboratory confirmation for leptospirosis. All 14 cases were kayakers. Three distinct contamination sites were identified on a 30 km stretch of the river Vilaine. Nine cases reported having skin wounds while kayaking. None were vaccinated against leptospirosis. The outbreak was attributed to Leptospira kirschneri serogroup Grippotyphosa. Animal investigations did not allow identifying the possible reservoir. Leptospirosis outbreaks associated with freshwater sports are rare in temperate climates. The prevention of such outbreaks requires control of potential animal reservoirs in zones such as the Vilaine valley and that kayakers adopt the recommended individual prevention measures.
APC-activated long noncoding RNA inhibits colorectal carcinoma pathogenesis through reduction of exosome production
Authors: Feng-Wei Wang, Chen-Hui Cao, Kai Han, Yong-Xiang Zhao, Mu-Yan Cai, Zhi-Cheng Xiang, Jia-Xing Zhang, Jie-Wei Chen, Li-Ping Zhong, Yong Huang, Su-Fang Zhou, Xiao-Han Jin, Xin-Yuan Guan, Rui-Hua Xu, Dan Xie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2018)

The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) but remains a challenge for drug development. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are invaluable in identifying cancer pathologies and providing therapeutic options for patients with cancer. Here, we identified a lncRNA (lncRNA-APC1) activated by APC through lncRNA microarray screening and examined its expression in a large cohort of CRC tissues. A decrease in lncRNA-APC1 expression was positively associated with lymph node and/or distant metastasis, a more advanced clinical stage, as well as a poor prognosis for patients with CRC. Additionally, APC could enhance lncRNA-APC1 expression by suppressing the enrichment of PPARα on the lncRNA-APC1 promoter. Furthermore, enforced lncRNA-APC1 expression was sufficient to inhibit CRC cell growth, metastasis, and tumor angiogenesis by suppressing exosome production through the direct binding of Rab5b mRNA and a reduction of its stability. Importantly, exosomes derived from lncRNA-APC1-silenced CRC cells promoted angiogenesis by activating the MAPK pathway in endothelial cells, and, moreover, exosomal Wnt1 largely enhanced CRC cell proliferation and migration through noncanonicial Wnt signaling. Collectively, lncRNA-APC1 is a critical lncRNA regulated by APC in the pathogenesis of CRC. Our findings suggest that an APC-regulated lncRNA-APC1 program is an exploitable therapeutic approach for the treatment of patients with CRC.
What happens when the world’s biggest medical device maker becomes a “health services provider”?
Authors: Jeanne Lenzer
Journal: BMJ (2018)

A new cardiac suite with state-of-the-art equipment is developed for a cash strapped hospital in Mexico by the world’s leading medical device maker. What’s not to like? <b>Jeanne Lenzer</b> reports from Tijuana, Mexico, on a new public-private model that is being rolled out across the world amid criticism such deals introduce commercial concerns into clinical decision making
A tau homeostasis signature is linked with the cellular and regional vulnerability of excitatory neurons to tau pathology
Authors: Hongjun Fu, Andrea Possenti, Rosie Freer, Yoshikazu Nakano, Nancy C. Hernandez Villegas, Maoping Tang, Paula V. M. Cauhy, Benjamin A. Lassus, Shuo Chen, Stephanie L. Fowler, Helen Y. Figueroa, Edward D. Huey, Gail V. W. Johnson, Michele Vendruscolo, Karen E. Duff
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2018)
Hospice palliative care program management, setup, and operation with a national pilot study in Haidian, Beijing.
Authors: Zetao Zhang, Yi Zhu, Zhaoping He, Yuling He, Naning Wang, Jianping Zhao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

121 Background: In 2016, an inpatient hospice palliative care ward was initiated in Beijing Haidian Hospital, which was the first pilot study program in Beijing. Challenges of implementing the program and the process to facilitate change in the hospital’s and society culture in China. Methods: This program has been partnered with Ovation Health International and Hospice Palliative Care Alliance of China Foundation at beginning of the program development in order to streamline the program design and establish standard operating procedures. The program was operated by a multi-disciplinary team which is the first of these kinds of team structure in Chinese health system, including the program manager, physicians, nurses, social workers, psychologic counsellors, chaplains, and volunteers. Results: The program has served over 200 patients and their families in the first year. The inpatient hospice unit has 2 specially decorated rooms with 6 in-patient beds, a meeting room, and a farewell room. The program has expanded its palliative care counselling service to the entire hospital and affiliated community nursing homes and will plan to expand the number of beds to 20 in the inpatient hospice unit. The implementation of the program has been full of obstacles, encompassing the lack of trained professionals, limited financial resources, higher staff turnover, and professional misunderstanding and public rejection. Now upgraded to a National Pilot model of China, the trial program team led by the program manager, has overcome core barriers/challenges in team building, team enablement, resource supporting, public education, and society awareness to keep the program growth. Conclusions: The lessons learned from the experience of developing the first hospital-based hospice palliative care program in the capital of China will be presented. Particularly, barriers and challenges, both modifiable and non-modifiable, will be shared as well as facilitating factors. The authors will share the pathway to partner across disciplines, with policy makers, and in research, education, and practice. This helps the team in the creation of new knowledge and in continuing to establish the evidence-based value of palliative care in China.
The Unique Spatial-Temporal Treatment Failure Patterns of Adjuvant Gefitinib Therapy: A Post Hoc Analysis of the ADJUVANT Trial (CTONG 1104)
Authors: Song-Tao Xu, Jun-Jie Xi, Wen-Zhao Zhong, Wei-Min Mao, Lin Wu, Yi Shen, Yong-Yu Liu, Chun Chen, Ying Cheng, Lin Xu, Jun Wang, Ke Fei, Xiao-Fei Li, Jian Li, Cheng Huang, Zhi-Dong Liu, Shun Xu, Ke-Neng Chen, Shi-Dong Xu, Lun-Xu Liu, Ping Yu, Bu-Hai Wang, Hai-Tao Ma, Hong-Hong Yan, Xue-Ning Yang, Yong-Xing Zhang, Jia-Cheng Yin, Qun Wang, Yi-Long Wu
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2018)
Effects of B-cell directed therapy on the preclinical stage of rheumatoid arthritis: the PRAIRI study
Authors: Danielle M Gerlag, Mary Safy, Karen I Maijer, Man Wai Tang, Sander W Tas, Mirian J F Starmans-Kool, Astrid van Tubergen, Matthijs Janssen, Maria de Hair, Monika Hansson, Niek de Vries, Aeilko H Zwinderman, Paul P Tak
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

We explored the effects of B-cell directed therapy in subjects at risk of developing autoantibodypositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA), who never experienced inflammatory arthritis before, and explored biomarkers predictive of arthritis development.Individuals positive for both anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies and rheumatoid factor but without arthritis were included in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to receive a single infusion of 1000 mg rituximab or placebo.Eighty-one individuals received treatment and were followed up for a mean of 29.0 (0-54) months, during which 30/81 (37%) individuals developed arthritis. The observed risk of developing arthritis in the placebo-treated group was 40%, which was decreased by 55% (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.154 to 1.322) in the rituximab-treated group at 12 months. Rituximab treatment caused a delay in arthritis development of 12 months compared with placebo treatment at the point when 25% of the subjects had developed arthritis (p<0.0001). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and the presence of anti-citrullinated α-enolase peptide 1 at baseline were significant predictors of arthritis development.A single infusion of 1000 mg rituximab significantly delays the development of arthritis in subjects at risk of developing RA, providing evidence for the pathogenetic role of B cells in the earliest, prearthritis stage of autoantibody positive RA.
Effect of metformin in addition to dietary and lifestyle advice for pregnant women who are overweight or obese: the GRoW randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Jodie M Dodd, Jennie Louise, Andrea R Deussen, Rosalie M Grivell, Gustaaf Dekker, Andrew J McPhee, William Hague
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2018)
Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Improves Outcome of Elderly Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Complete Remission: A Time-Dependent and Multistate Analysis from the French Innovative Leukemia Organization
Authors: Raynier Devillier, Edouard Forcade, Alice Garnier, Sylvain Thepot, Gaelle Guillerm, Yosr Hicheri, Claude-Eric Bulabois, Bruno Lioure, Gabrielle Roth Guepin, Pierre-Yves Dumas, Pierre Peterlin, Mathilde Hunault, Patrice Chevallier, Marie Thérèse Rubio, Didier Blaise, Jean-Yves Cahn, Norbert Ifrah, Norbert Vey, Arnaud Pigneux, Christian Recher, Anne Huynh
Journal: Blood (2018)
Rituximab With Involved Field Irradiation for Early‐stage Nodal Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Klaus Herfarth, Peter Borchmann, Sven Schnaidt, Karin Hohloch, Volker Budach, Marianne Engelhard, Andreas Viardot, Rita Engenhart‐Cabillic, Ulrich Keller, Gabriele Reinartz, Hans‐Theodor Eich, Mathias Witzens‐Harig, Clemens F. Hess, Bernd Dörken, Jan Dürig, Thomas Wiegel, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Eva Hoster, Christiane Pott, Martin Dreyling
Journal: HemaSphere (2018)

The MabThera and Involved field Radiotherapy study investigated efficacy and safety of involved field (IF) radiotherapy in combination with the anti-CD20 antibody Rituximab for early-stage follicular lymphoma (FL) in a prospective, single-arm multicenter phase 2 design. Eighty-five stage I-II FL patients received 8 cycles of Rituximab (375 mg/m2) and IF irradiation (30/40 Gy). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) 2 years from treatment start. Secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), complete response rates, toxicity, quality of life, and minimal residual disease (MRD) response with protocol defined visits up to month 30. For the primary endpoint, PFS at 2 years was 85% for the intention-to-treat set. Long-term data were captured in selected sites and evaluated as post hoc analysis in the per protocol (PP) set: PFS and OS were 78% and 96% at 5 years with a median follow-up of 66 or 78 months, respectively. There were 17/76 recurrences in the PP set, of which 14 were outside the radiation volume only. MRD analyses revealed a clonal marker in 36% of patients at diagnosis. All but 1 marker positive patients experienced a molecular treatment response. There were 13 serious adverse events (4 related to the therapy) during the first 30 months. IF radiotherapy combined with Rituximab is well tolerated and highly efficient with low rates of recurrence in the first years in early-stage FL. The efficacy is comparable with more aggressive therapy approaches without compromising the quality of life and maintains for an extended follow-up of more than 5 years.