Chimeric Antigen Receptors: A Cell and Gene Therapy Perspective
Authors: Isabelle Rivière, Michel Sadelain
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2017)

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are synthetic receptors that reprogram T lymphocytes to target chosen antigens. The targeting of CD19, a cell surface molecule expressed in the vast majority of leukemias and lymphomas, has been successfully translated in the clinic, earning CAR therapy a special distinction in the selection of "cancer immunotherapy" by Science as the breakthrough of the year in 2013. CD19 CAR therapy is predicated on advances in genetic engineering, T cell biology, tumor immunology, synthetic biology, target identification, cell manufacturing sciences, and regulatory compliance—the central tenets of CAR therapy. Here, we review two of these foundations: the genetic engineering approaches and cell types to engineer. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are synthetic receptors that reprogram T lymphocytes to target chosen antigens. The targeting of CD19, a cell surface molecule expressed in the vast majority of leukemias and lymphomas, has been successfully translated in the clinic, earning CAR therapy a special distinction in the selection of "cancer immunotherapy" by Science as the breakthrough of the year in 2013. CD19 CAR therapy is predicated on advances in genetic engineering, T cell biology, tumor immunology, synthetic biology, target identification, cell manufacturing sciences, and regulatory compliance—the central tenets of CAR therapy. Here, we review two of these foundations: the genetic engineering approaches and cell types to engineer. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are synthetic receptors that target T cells to a chosen antigen and reprogram T cell function, metabolism, and persistence.1Eshhar Z. Bach N. Fitzer-Attas C.J. Gross G. Lustgarten J. Waks T. Schindler D.G. The T-body approach: potential for cancer immunotherapy.Springer Semin. 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