tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Disparities in Environmental Exposures to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals and Diabetes Risk in Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Daniel Ruiz, Marisol Becerra, Jyotsna S. Jagai, Kerry Ard, Robert M. Sargis
Journal: Diabetes Care (2017)

Burgeoning epidemiological, animal, and cellular data link environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) to metabolic dysfunction. Disproportionate exposure to diabetes-associated EDCs may be an underappreciated contributor to disparities in metabolic disease risk. The burden of diabetes is not uniformly borne by American society; rather, this disease disproportionately affects certain populations, including African Americans, Latinos, and low-income individuals. The purpose of this study was to review the evidence linking unequal exposures to EDCs with racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic diabetes disparities in the U.S.; discuss social forces promoting these disparities; and explore potential interventions. Articles examining the links between chemical exposures and metabolic disease were extracted from the U.S. National Library of Medicine for the period of 1966 to 3 December 2016. EDCs associated with diabetes in the literature were then searched for evidence of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic exposure disparities. Among Latinos, African Americans, and low-income individuals, numerous studies have reported significantly higher exposures to diabetogenic EDCs, including polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, multiple chemical constituents of air pollution, bisphenol A, and phthalates. This review reveals that unequal exposure to EDCs may be a novel contributor to diabetes disparities. Efforts to reduce the individual and societal burden of diabetes should include educating clinicians on environmental exposures that may increase disease risk, strategies to reduce those exposures, and social policies to address environmental inequality as a novel source of diabetes disparities.
P2.04-014 Computing the Impact of Immunotherapy on NSCLC Landscape: The Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Holistic Registry (ANCHoR)
Authors: S. Chandwani, V. Vaghani, M. Hirschmann, L. Lacerda Landry, E. Roarty, J. Zhang, Q. Shi, W. Rinsurnogkawong, J. Lewis, L. Williams, C. Cleeland, T. Burke, J. Lee, J. Roth, S. Swisher, J. Heymach, G. Simon
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is an Independent Predictor of Salvage Radiotherapy Outcomes After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Vidit Sharma, Avinash Nehra, Michele Colicchia, Mary E. Westerman, Akira Kawashima, Adam T. Froemming, Eugene D. Kwon, Lance A. Mynderse, R. Jeffrey Karnes
Journal: European Urology (2017)
P3.01-015 Prognostic Impact of Histologic Invasion Factors in Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma, with Particular Focus on the Pattern of Architectural Remodeling
Authors: Masaya Yotsukura, Akihiko Yoshida, Aoi Sukeda, Keisuke Asakura, Kazuo Nakagawa, Hiroyuki Sakurai, Shun-Ichi Watanabe, Hisao Asamura, Noriko Motoi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Autonomy Preference Index and advance care planning preference of patients with incurable cancer and their association with anxiety and depression.
Authors: Isabelle Colombet, Alexandra Rouquette, Miren Urtizberea, Pascale Vinant
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

54 Background: Shared decision-making and informed patient choices are promoted in many countries. However, advances in antitumoral treatments are making decisions and communication more complex and the benefit of early discussions on end-of-life care is still unclear, especially in most distressed patients. Using a validated French version of the Autonomy Preference Index (API), we studied the factors associated with the level of preference for participation in medical decision-making (DM), information seeking (IS) and advanced care planning (ACP) in patients with incurable cancer. Methods: The API is a self-administered scale that measures both dimensions of DM and IS on a 0 - 100 scale (100 for maximum participation and desire for information). DM is also assessed against the illness severity, using 3 clinical vignettes of specific diseases of increasing severity, each on a 0 - 10 scale. We designed another clinical vignette, questioning patient’s preference for discussion on “Do Not Resuscitate” order (ACP). 187 consecutive patients visiting the general oncology clinic of a university hospital completed the questionnaire, as well as the anxiety and depression HADS 14-points scales. Results: Patients were aged 65±12, 46% male, 39% with high school level of education. Lung (25%), colorectal (14%), pancreas (12%) ovarian (12%) were the most frequent types of cancer. 175 (95%) patients were receiving chemotherapy, 60 (33%) had anxiety, and 49 (26%) depression. Median (1 st -3 rd quartiles) of IS and DM were 45.8 (33.3-58.3), 85.4 (78.1-96.9) respectively. According to the ACP vignette, 177 (95%) patients considered important to discuss such decision with their doctor, 130 (71%) considered it possible, and 127 (68%) preferred to decide together with physician, or him/herself after taking physician’s advice. Female, most educated patients had higher DM score. We find no significant correlation between IS or DM scores and HADS. Conclusions: Incurable cancer patients have high expectations of medical information but intermediate or low level of preference for participation in decision making. However, they value the discussion on ACP to express their informed choice.
Eye Tracking in Surgical Robotics
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Individual differences in embracing negatively valenced art: The roles of openness and sensation seeking
Authors: Kirill Fayn, Peter Kuppens
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract We elaborate on the role of individual differences in the processing mechanisms outlined by the Distancing-Embracing model. The role of openness is apparent in appreciating meaning-making art that elicits interest, feeling moved, and mixed emotions. The influence of sensation seeking is likely to manifest in thrill-chasing art that draws on the arousing interplay of positive and negative emotions.
La enfermedad meningocócica en España, 1989-1997. Cambio en su patrón epidemiológico
Authors: S Mateo, R Cano, C García
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1997)

En Espana, la presentacion de la enfermedad meningococica en la decada de los anos ochenta estaba estrechamente ligada al predominio del serogrupo B (1). Sin embargo, desde el inicio de los anos noventa se ha venido observando una tendencia creciente de cepas del serogrupo C en los aislamientos realizados en algunas zonas del oeste del pais (2), no acompanada de una elevacion de las tasas de incidencia.
Patient-Reported Symptom Monitoring During Chemotherapy
Authors: Joeri A. J. Douma, Laurien M. Buffart, Henk M. W. Verheul
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 17820: Sunclinical Alteration of Left Ventricular Performance and Aortic Elastic Properties Are Present in Patients After Kawasaki Disease With Coronary Artery Aneurysm Even Without Cardiac Ischemia
Authors: Jun Oyamada
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  Recent evidence has suggested that patients after Kawasaki disease (KD) have altered arterial elasticity. However, left ventricular (LV) global function of KD patients without cardiac ischemic region has not fully investigated.   Hypothesis:  We hypothesized that the alteration in the elastic properties of the ascending aorta may influence both LV function.   Methods:  Sixty one patients after KD (age, 6.1±4.0 years) were studied, comprising 15patients with CAAs and 46 patients without CAA. All the patients with CAAs showed no cardiac ischemic region confirmed by myocardial perfusion SPECT. Using pulsed Doppler echocardiography combined with Doppler tissue imaging, mitral peak velocities during early diastole (E) and LV peak myocardial velocities during early diastole (e’) and systole (s’) were measured. The ratio of E/e’ was used as an index of filling pressure of the LV. From Doppler tissue imaging, Doppler-derived index of combined systolic/diastolic myocardial performance (Tei index) was calculated as a surrogate for LV global function. We also obtained aortic stiffness index (ASI), and aortic distensibility (AD) from the measurements of the ascending aorta with noninvasive evaluation of blood pressure.   Results:  In all the patients, febrile periods of acute stage of KD showed significantly positive correlation with ASI, and showed significantly negative correlation with AD (both p    Conclusions:  KD exerts adverse effects on aortic stiffening and LV global function especially for patients with coronary artery aneurysms even without myocardial ischemia.
Father is banned from visiting brain damaged son as High Court battle continues
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2017)

The father of a brain damaged baby at the centre of a High Court battle has been banned from the hospital where his son is being treated, the judge presiding over the case has been told.

Police were called during a disturbance by Lanre Haastrup at King’s College Hospital, London, counsel for the hospital trust, Fiona Patterson, told Mr Justice MacDonald. Haastrup, 38, and the baby’s mother, Takesha Thomas, 36, have rejected doctors’ advice that their 8 month old son Isaiah’s ventilator should be switched off.

The court battle echoes that of the baby Charlie Gard, whose case …
If priming is graded rather than all-or-none, can reactivating abstract structures be the underlying mechanism?
Authors: Laurie Beth Feldman, Petar Milin
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract In our commentary on Branigan &amp; Pickering (B&amp;P), we start by arguing that the authors implicitly adopt several assumptions, the consequence of which is to make further claims necessary and/or sufficient. Crucially, the authors assume the existence of discrete units at various levels of linguistic granularity that then must be operated upon by combinatorial mechanisms and rules (i.e., decomposition/recomposition). They further argue that structural priming provides a powerful tool to study abstract, structural representations. We provide evidence that priming effects in production are characterized better as graded than as all-or-none and that priming need not arise from a mechanism that (re)activates a shared but abstract internal structure.
Abstract 15387: Post-Discharge Follow-Up Within 14 Days Reduces 30-Day Hospital Readmission Rates in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and/or Acutely Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: David W Lee, Lori Armistead, Heather Coleman, Jonathan Cicci, Zachariah Deyo, Mary E Roth
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and acutely decompensated heart failure (ADHF) are at high risk for readmission to the hospital after discharge. We investigate the hypo...
Geriatric syndromes and association with distress in older cancer patients.
Authors: Barton J. Sanders, Chao-Hui Huang, Gabrielle Betty Rocque, Grant R Williams, Maria J Pisu, Kelly Kenzik, Elizabeth Ann Kvale
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

189 Background: Geriatric syndromes are multifactorial conditions affecting the elderly that are associated with decreased quality of life and poor outcomes. We sought to quantify the prevalence of geriatric syndromes in a group of navigated cancer patients and identify conditions associated with distress. Methods: Distress assessments were conducted between January 2012 and December 2015 on enrollment into the PCCP, a lay-navigation program that serves Medicare recipients in the UAB Health System Cancer Community Network. Assessments were made using a modified Distress Tool, which captures sources of distress in multiple domains. We identified questionnaire items related to common geriatric syndromes including functional decline, sensory impairment, cognitive and mood changes, sleep problems, incontinence, pressure ulcers, and malnutrition. Prevalence of geriatric syndromes was indicated by reported distress for an item that mapped to one of the above syndromes. Results: 8,014 patients were surveyed; 53 % of patients were 65- 74 yoa with 47% &gt; 74 yoa while 52% were female. The most common cancer types were breast (18%), lung (17%), and gastrointestinal (16%). Of all surveyed patients, 1,779 (22%) reported distress related to at least one geriatric syndrome. The most common complaint was decline in functional ability relating to ADLs (11%) and IADLs (7%). Conclusions: Geriatric syndromes, such as functional disability, contribute to distress in older patients with cancer patients. Early screening and identification may lead to timely intervention to help improve quality of life. Further research is needed to describe the relationship between these syndromes and health outcomes, such as their association with health care utilization in older adults with cancer.
Fusidic acid monotherapy * Authors' reply
Authors: V Vassiliou, A K Demetriades, G Scott, M Biswas, K Owen, M K Jones
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2002)

Emergency ambulance triageMr Thakore and colleagues (March 2002 JRSM 1 ) conclude that 55% of calls for emergency ambulances did not merit an immediate response.As they acknowledge, the design of the study was not ideal.The initial reason for the request was determined from ambulance crew and accident and emergency (A&E) data after the patient had been seen.This will almost inevitably introduce bias when applying the triage criteria, and the assessment should have been blinded.Also, it is much easier to make such determinations in hindsight, with additional time and clinical information, than when faced with a real call when one has to consider the consequences of the decision reached.It is surprising that this paper makes no reference to priority-based dispatch systems, such as the Advanced Medical Priority Dispatch System (AMPDS), as these are currently used by most ambulance services in the UK.These systems have been shown to have a low risk of serious under-prioritization of life-threatening episodes 2 .However, work that we have undertaken in Nottingham suggests that they may not be very effective in predicting low-priority 999 calls 3 .The NHS Executive has stressed the importance of developing telephone prioritization systems that will free ambulance services from having to respond to `patients who dialled 999 but who do not need emergency care' 4 .We believe this may be dif®cult to achieve.Appropriate and effective telephone triage on non-emergency 999 calls requires a greater understanding of the relationship between the initial telephone assessment by ambulance control and the subsequent outcome of the individual call.Without these data we will not be able to ensure that such a system could operate safely and we endorse the authors' views that prospective studies are essential to assess the feasibility of accurately identifying lower priority calls.
Abstract 186: Impaired Nucleocytoplasmic Shuttling and Activity of SIRT1 in Response to Ischemic Stress in the Senescent Heart
Authors: Chao Tong, Xiaoyan Yan, D P Thomas, Ji Li
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background:  Numerous investigators have observed a decreased ability of the senescent heart to tolerate ischemic stress in both animal models and humans. However, mechanisms responsible for ischemic intolerance in the aged heart are incompletely understood. A ‘longevity’ gene, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), has been reported to attenuate age-dependent induction of hypertrophy, apoptosis, and consequent left ventricular dysfunction. We hypothesize that SIRT1 may be a factor involved in intolerance of the aged heart to ischemic stress.   Methods and Results:  Male C57BL/6 mice 4–6 months of age (young) and 24–26 months of age (old) were used for determining SIRT19s role in myocardial ischemia. The results indicate that SIRT1 is predominantly expressed in a sumoylated form at Lys 734 in the nuclei of cardiomyocytes. Moreover, protein levels of SIRT1 in the aged heart are significantly lower than those in young hearts (n=6 per group,  p  ex vivo  global ischemia triggered desumoylation and translocation of nuclear SIRT1 into the cytoplasm. Intriguingly, the ratio of nucleocytoplamic shuttling by ischemic stress in old hearts was 10-fold higher than that see in young hearts ( p  p  p    Conclusions:  Increased susceptibility of the aged heart to ischemic stress may, in part, be attributed to impaired nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and activity of cardiac SIRT1. Modulation of SIRT19s action in the senescent heart can be a strategy for limiting cardiac ischemic injury in older individuals.
miR-23b Suppresses Leukocyte Migration and Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by Targeting CCL7
Authors: Yuan Zhang, Juan-Juan Han, Xiao-Yan Liang, Li Zhao, Fei Zhang, Javad Rasouli, Zhe-Zhi Wang, Guang-Xian Zhang, Xing Li
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2017)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs involved in immune response regulation. Specific miRNAs have been linked to the development of various autoimmune diseases; however, their contribution to the modulation of CNS-directed cellular infiltration remains unclear. In this study, we found that miR-23b, in addition to its reported functions in the suppression of IL-17-associated autoimmune inflammation, halted the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), by directly inhibiting the migration of pathogenic leukocytes to the CNS. We demonstrated that miR-23b was specifically decreased during the acute phase of EAE and that overexpression of miR-23b resulted in a defect in leukocyte migration and strong resistance to EAE. Furthermore, we found that miR-23b suppressed leukocyte migration of EAE by targeting CCL7, a chemokine that attracts monocytes during inflammation and metastasis. Finally, in the adoptive transfer model, miR-23b reduced the severity of EAE by inhibiting the migration of pathogenic T cells to the CNS rather than diminishing the encephalitogenesis of T cells. Taken together, our results characterize a novel aspect of miR-23b function in leukocyte migration, and they identify miR-23b as a potential therapeutic target in the amelioration of MS and likely other autoimmune diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs involved in immune response regulation. Specific miRNAs have been linked to the development of various autoimmune diseases; however, their contribution to the modulation of CNS-directed cellular infiltration remains unclear. In this study, we found that miR-23b, in addition to its reported functions in the suppression of IL-17-associated autoimmune inflammation, halted the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), by directly inhibiting the migration of pathogenic leukocytes to the CNS. We demonstrated that miR-23b was specifically decreased during the acute phase of EAE and that overexpression of miR-23b resulted in a defect in leukocyte migration and strong resistance to EAE. Furthermore, we found that miR-23b suppressed leukocyte migration of EAE by targeting CCL7, a chemokine that attracts monocytes during inflammation and metastasis. Finally, in the adoptive transfer model, miR-23b reduced the severity of EAE by inhibiting the migration of pathogenic T cells to the CNS rather than diminishing the encephalitogenesis of T cells. Taken together, our results characterize a novel aspect of miR-23b function in leukocyte migration, and they identify miR-23b as a potential therapeutic target in the amelioration of MS and likely other autoimmune diseases.
Return to firm structure could help boost trainee morale, says Royal College of Surgeons
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2017)

A training scheme that will create a modern firm structure could help to improve junior doctors’ morale, the Royal College of Surgeons has said.

Earlier this month the college started recruiting to the Improving Surgical Training (IST) programme. This pilot scheme has been designed to give surgical trainees a better balance between training and service provision and to make the role of the surgical trainer more professional. It will be piloted throughout England, Scotland, and Wales, with 81 posts available.1

One aspect of the pilot scheme will be to create a modern firm structure—where members of the wider surgical care team, including physician associates and surgical care practitioners, will help to support trainees.

Ian Eardley, senior vice president of …