tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 15205: Atheroprotective Effect of the AFFITOPE®-based Anti-PCSK9 Vaccine (AT04A) in APOE*3Leiden.CETP Mice
Authors: Gergana Galabova, Claudia Juno, Andreas Mairhofer, José W van der Hoorn, Elsbet J Pieterman, Marianne Pouwer, J. W Jukema, Hans M Princen, Achim Schneeberger, Guenther Staffler
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) is one of the major risk factors for premature cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Thus, therapeutic approaches aim at reducing LDLc. PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9) has been shown to be a key regulator of the LDLR-mediated cholesterol clearance pathway. Many preclinical and clinical studies confirm the LDLc-lowering effect of PCSK9 inhibition, and emphasize PCSK9 as a potential novel target for the treatment of CVD. Aim: Proof of concept study for AFFITOPE®-based (AT04A) anti-PCSK9 immunization in the APOE*3Leiden.CETP mouse model and its safety aspects. Methods: AT04A vaccine was administered subcutaneously in APOE*3Leiden.CETP mice. Control and vaccine treated mice were fed Western-type diet for 18 weeks. Antibody titers and concentration, and their affinity towards PCSK9, as well as plasma lipids were monitored throughout the whole study by ELISA, Biacore® and FPLC, respectively. Moreover, body weight (BW), food intake (FI) and liver enzymes (ALT and AST) were measured. The progression of atherosclerotic lesion development was evaluated by histological analysis of serial cross-sections from the aortic sinus. Results: AT04A vaccine induced antibodies (mean titers up to ODmax/2=12,000 and mean concentration up to 250 μg/mL), which significantly reduced the plasma total cholesterol (TC) (-53%, P&lt;0.001) and triglycerides (TG) (-46%, P&lt;0.001), contained in the apoB-containing lipoproteins, in comparison to the control. Moreover, immunization neither altered FI or BW, nor plasma liver enzymes concentration. Furthermore, anti-PCSK9 immunization resulted in a higher percentage of undiseased aortic segments (+119%, p=0.026), decreased segments with severe lesions (-64%, p=0.051) and a decrease in atherosclerotic lesion area (-64%, P=0.004) as compared to the control. Conclusions and Outcome: AT04A vaccine is highly immunogenic and atheroprotective in APOE*3Leiden.CETP mice. The induced antibodies are able to decrease significantly plasma lipids and atherosclerotic lesions progression in the aorta. A phase I clinical study with AT04A and with a second vaccine candidate AT06A is scheduled for Q3/2015.
Abstract 11402: Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction and Group Support Decrease Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Adolescents With Cardiac Diagnoses: A Randomized Two-Group Study
Authors: Vicki A Freedenberg, Pamela S Hinds, Charles I Berul, Erika Friedmann
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Adolescents with cardiac diagnoses face unique challenges that can cause psychosocial distress. Psychosocial interventions are effective for adults with cardiac diagnoses and may also impact adolescents’ adjustment. This study compares a Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program to a video online support group (VG) for adolescents with cardiac diagnoses. MBSR is a structured psycho-educational program which includes yoga, meditation, cognitive restructuring and group support. A published feasibility study by our group showed significant reduction in anxiety following MBSR intervention. Methods: This study was a prospective, randomized, two-group design. Participants were randomized to MBSR or VG and completed measures of anxiety and depression (A/D) (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), stress and coping (Responses to Stress Questionnaire) pre-and post their 6-session intervention. Qualitative data were obtained from post-intervention interviews. Results: Mean age of the sample (N=46) was 14.8 yrs; 63% were female. Eleven participants (24%) had an ICD, 7 (15%) had a pacemaker, 24 (52%) had congenital heart disease, 22 (48%) had POTS. There were 26 (56%) participants in the MBSR group and 20 (43%) in the VG. Study completion rate was 95% (44/46). Stress significantly decreased in both groups [t(44)=3.7, p=.001]. Greater use of coping skills predicted lower levels of post-intervention depression (r=-.30, p=.04). Higher baseline A/D scores predicted improved A/D scores post-intervention (A: r=.43, p=.01, D: r=.36, p=.02). Qualitatively, both groups reported the benefits of social support, with MBSR participants reporting using learned coping skills to help manage stress and heart symptoms. Conclusion: Both interventions were effective in reducing distress in this adolescent sample. Qualitative data elucidated the added benefits of using MBSR techniques to manage stress. The video group format is useful for teens who are unable to meet in person but can benefit from group support. Both groups spontaneously exchanged contact information, wanting to continue as a group. Psychosocial interventions with stress management techniques and/or group support can reduce distress in adolescents with cardiac diagnoses.
Ideal Blood Pressure in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Daehoon Kim, Pil-Sung Yang, Tae-Hoon Kim, Eunsun Jang, Hyejung Shin, Ha Yan Kim, Hee Tae Yu, Jae-Sun Uhm, Jong-Youn Kim, Hui-Nam Pak, Moon-Hyoung Lee, Boyoung Joung, Gregory Y.H. Lip
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Contractile deficits in engineered cardiac microtissues as a result of MYBPC3 deficiency and mechanical overload
Authors: Zhen Ma, Nathaniel Huebsch, Sangmo Koo, Mohammad A. Mandegar, Brian Siemons, Steven Boggess, Bruce R. Conklin, Costas P. Grigoropoulos, Kevin E. Healy
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2018)
Abstract P264: Six-Year Incidence of Overweight and Obesity Among Diverse Hispanic/Latino Adults in the US: The Hispanic Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos
Authors: Amber Pirzada, Ramon A Durazo-Arvizu, Daniela Sotres-Alvarez, Carmen R Isasi, Maria Argos, Sheila F Castaneda, Linda C Gallo, Melawhy L García, Krista M Perreira, Mary Turyk, Linda Van Horn, Donghong Wu, Victoria W Persky, Martha L Daviglus
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Baseline HCHS/SOL data recently showed that prevalence of obesity varied markedly by sex and Hispanic/Latino background. Despite increasing prevalence of obesity in the US, little data exist on incidence of overweight and obesity in diverse US Hispanic/Latino adults. This study examined ~6-year incidence rate of overweight and obesity in this population by demographic factors. Methods: HCHS/SOL is a multi-center prospective community-based study of 16,415 diverse Hispanic/Latino adults in the US, ages 18-74 at Visit 1 (2008-11). Visit 2 (2014-17) is ongoing, with 10,914 persons reexamined by August 2017. Analyses included 10,427 persons with complete data on body mass index (BMI) at both visits and on other variables of interest; underweight persons were excluded. Age-adjusted incidence rate of overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9 kg/m 2 ; among those normal-weight at baseline), and obesity (BMI &gt; 30 kg/m 2 ; in those non-obese at baseline) was computed by sex and Hispanic/Latino background, accounting for the complex study design. Results: In ~6 years, 572 and 765 new cases of overweight and obesity were seen among baseline normal-weight (n=1924) and non-obese (n=5912) participants, respectively. Among men and women, age-adjusted incidence of overweight was 5.45 and 5.33 per 100 person years (PY); age-adjusted obesity incidence was 2.00 and 2.56 /100 PY. Incidence rates varied by background. Among men, overweight incidence was highest in those of Mexican background (6.95 /100 PY), and among women, in those of Puerto Rican background (6.94/ 100 PY). Incidence of obesity was highest in Dominican-background men (2.35/ 100 PY) and Cuban-background women (3.85/ 100 PY) ( Table ). Incidence rates varied slightly by age group, from 4.06 to 5.98/100 PY in those ages 18-44 and 65+ years. Conclusion: Of every 100 US Hispanic/Latino adults about 5 and 2 became overweight and obese each year, augmenting the existing high prevalence. Greater efforts are needed to prevent onset of overweight and obesity in this population from young adulthood onwards.
The challenge of accounting for individual differences in folk-economic beliefs
Authors: Benjamin C. Ruisch, Rajen A. Anderson, David A. Pizarro
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2018)

Abstract We argue that existing data on folk-economic beliefs (FEBs) present challenges to Boyer &amp; Petersen's model. Specifically, the widespread individual variation in endorsement of FEBs casts doubt on the claim that humans are evolutionarily predisposed towards particular economic beliefs. Additionally, the authors' model cannot account for the systematic covariance between certain FEBs, such as those observed in distinct political ideologies.
Hepatic Metastases From Prostatic Adenocarcinoma Without Elevated 18F-Choline Activity
Authors: Sébastien Dejust, Leila Messaoud, Pascaline Jallerat, Victoria Marical, David Morland
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

We report the case of a 69-year-old man referred for F-fluorocholine (FCH) PET/CT for a biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer. FCH PET/CT demonstrated 2 hypodense hepatic lesions with no uptake but progressing in size compared with a previous assessment. MRI showed a suspicious peripheral contrast enhancement, raising the question of a liver metastasis. Histopathologic examination concluded to a prostate adenocarcinoma metastasis. This case highlights an unusual pitfall in FCH PET/CT: the lack of uptake in prostatic liver metastasis is presumably due to the partial volume effect induced by the necrotic center and the high uptake of the liver.
Comparing Prognostic Utility of a Single-marker Immunohistochemistry Approach with Commercial Gene Expression Profiling Following Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Michael S. Leapman, Hao G. Nguyen, Janet E. Cowan, Lingru Xue, Bradley Stohr, Jeffry Simko, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Peter R. Carroll
Journal: European Urology (2018)
Abstract 19804: The Spatial QRS-T Angle Predicts Ventricular Arrhythmias in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Daniel Cortez, Sharon Graw, Luisa Mestroni
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: The spatial peaks QRS-T (SPQRS-T) angle has been shown to differentiate hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients from controls. The SPQRS-T angle has also demonstrated ventricular arrhythmia risk stratification in those with ischemic heart disease. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the spatial QRS-T angle will differentiate HCM patients with ventricular arrhythmias (VA’s) from those without VA’s. Methods: A retrospective study of HCM patients (maximum septal or posterior wall thickness of 15mm or greater) was performed. Corrected QT interval (QTc), QRS duration (QRSd) and spatial peaks QRS-T angles (SPQRS-T angle) were assessed on patients with VA’s (&gt;5 consecutive beats) and those without VA’s. Significance, positive/negative predictive values and relative risks were calculated. Results: ECG results from 100 HCM patients (32.7 ±17.2 years) were assessed. Twenty patients with VA’s were identified. The QTc differentiated those with VA’s from those without VA’s with values of 440.7±48.1ms and 472.0±43.4ms, respectively (pvalue= 0.013). QTc positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) were 10% and 70.0%, respectively with relative risk (RR) of 0.4 (95% CI 0.2 to 1.0). The SPQRS-T differentiated those with VA’s from those without VA’s, 108.2±45.9 versus 144.0±26.7 degrees (p value&lt;0.001) with PPV and NPV’s of 36.7% 96.1%, respectively with RR of 2.3 (95% CI 1.8 to 3.5). QRSd values did not significantly differ. When those with congestive heart failure (CHF) or VA were compared to HCM patients without VA or CHF, the spatial peaks QRS-T angle PPV, NPV and RR were 42.9%, 96.1% and 2.5 (95% CI 1.8 to 3.5), respectively. Conclusion: In our HCM cohort, the SPQRS-T angle and the QTc differentiate HCM with VA’s from those without VA’s. The SPQRS-T angle best differentiated patients with VA’s from those without VA’s with highest predictive values and relative risk.
Patterns of tree nut sensitization and allergy in the first 6 years of life in a population-based cohort
Authors: Vicki McWilliam, Rachel Peters, Mimi L.K. Tang, Shyamali Dharmage, Anne-Louise Ponsonby, Lyle Gurrin, Kirsten Perrett, Jennifer Koplin, Katrina J. Allen, Terence Dwyer, Adrian Lowe, Melissa Wake, Colin Robertson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
A clean sweep: mucin bundles clear the airway
Authors: Susan Birket
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

Mucostasis and small airway plugging lead to chronic infection, hyperinflammation, and a spiral of progressive lung damage in cystic fibrosis (CF), ultimately causing bronchiectasis and pulmonary function decline [1]. Even in the absence of bacterial infection, mucus accumulation can lead to inflammatory upregulation, resulting in lung damage despite bacterial eradication [2]. Airway mucus has been postulated to be overproduced and inefficiently transported in CF [3, 4]. In human epithelial cells as well as multiple animal models of CF, mucus is hyperviscous and abnormally elastic [5–9]. In CF pigs, mucus is also aberrantly tethered to the gland duct openings, a factor which may underlie the propensity for CF mucus to spend less time in motion than in the normal condition [10]. While the mucus layer of the airway surface liquid (ASL) contains numerous proteins, surfactants, antibacterial proteases and anti-proteases [11], its major components are mucins [12]. Mucins are large glycopolymers that can either be tethered to the epithelium or secreted into the lumen as gel-forming polymers, as is the case with MUC5B and MUC5AC [13]. While the roles of individual mucins, namely MUC5B and MUC5AC, have been well identified in other disease states, such as asthma and bacterial infections, it is less well delineated how they are overproduced or dysregulated in CF [13]. Furthermore, in CF, in the absence of adequate bicarbonate concentrations, mucins may not exist in the appropriate conformation, a potential cause of many of these abnormalities [14, 15]. Yet, despite all that is known about mucins and mucus in CF and other muco-obstructive diseases, a means to correcting these abnormalities and restoring normal mucus clearance has yet to be identified. Mucus bundles are important for airway clearance and are regulated by cholinergic stimulus <http://ow.ly/Hovc30liwNo>
18F-Fluoride Uptake in Soft Tissue Metastases of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma as a Marker of Progressive Calcification
Authors: Paulo Schiavom Duarte, José Flávio Gomes Marin, George Barberio Coura Filho, Marcelo Tatit Sapienza, Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

F-fluoride (F-NaF) uptake in soft tissue metastases of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) has been reported. However, the evolution of these metastatic sites has rarely been assessed. We present a case of F-NaF uptake in multiple liver metastases of MTC initially without macroscopic calcification. The CT follow-up studies showed a progressive calcium deposition in the lesions. Therefore, this case suggests that the F-NaF uptake in MTC metastases could potentially be a marker of an ongoing calcification process instead of an inert deposit of calcium.
Abstract 19370: Myocardial Extracellular Volume is Elevated in Human Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Jonathan H Soslow, Stephen M Damon, Bruce M Damon, David A Parra, W B Burnette, Douglas B Sawyer, C M Stein, Larry W Markham
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) leads to cardiomyopathy (CM) with variable severity and age of onset. Predicting early CM would alter therapeutic approaches and improve morbidity and mortality. Extracellular volume (ECV) calculated with cardiac MRI (CMR) quantifies extracellular matrix expansion, including myocardial fibrosis, and has never been reported in human DMD. We hypothesized that subjects with DMD would have abnormal ECV and that these values would correlate with other markers of LV function. Methods: 27 DMD subjects were prospectively studied. CMR included LVEF, late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), circumferential strain (ε cc ), and modified Look-Locker (MOLLI) sequences to calculate ECV maps (in-house software using Matlab). ECV calculated for each segment in the short axis at mid-ventricle and compared with LVEF and ε cc using linear regression. Normal values taken from unmatched cohort of healthy male adults with mean ECV of 0.25 ± 0.015 (range 0.23-0.28). Results: Imaging was adequate to calculate ECV maps in 20 DMD subjects. Mean age in years was 14. Mean LVEF was 52% and mean global ε cc was -14.6%; 11 subjects had LVEF &lt; 55% and 6 had negative LGE. Mean ECV was 0.33 ± 0.05 (0.25-0.45); there was significant intersubject and intersegment variability (Figure 1). When compared with highest mean control ECV (0.28), only one subject had a normal ECV in every segment. In subjects with LVEF ≥ 55%, the mean ECV was 0.32 ± 0.07 (0.25-0.45). In subjects with negative LGE, the mean ECV was 0.28 ± 0.04 (0.25-0.36). The ECV of the inferolateral and anterolateral segments correlated with LVEF (p=0.025 and p&lt;0.001) and the inferolateral ECV correlated with mean ε cc (p=0.025). Conclusions: In this cohort, 19/20 DMD subjects have elevated segmental ECV, even with normal LVEF and negative LGE. Segmental ECV correlates with both LVEF and mean ε cc . ECV may be a more subtle biomarker of early myocardial disease than standard measures such as LVEF and LGE in human DMD.
18F-FDG PET/CT and Bone Scintigraphy Findings in Tietze Syndrome
Authors: Jeong Hee Oh, Soo Bin Park, Hong Chul Oh
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

Abstract We present an interesting image of a 62-year-old woman revealed with Tietze syndrome by 18 F-FDG PET/CT and bone scintigraphy. She presented with right upper chest wall pain with a hard, palpable mass. However, chest radiograph and CT were unrevealing. On PET/CT, intense FDG uptake was noted at the anterior aspect of the right second costal cartilage with dense calcification, which was the correct symptomatic lesion. Bone scan showed increased radioactive uptake at the FDG uptake lesion, but mild uptake was also seen in the asymptomatic lesion.
Public health at 170
Authors: John Middleton
Journal: BMJ (2018)

The Public Health Act 1848 for England and Wales celebrates its 170th anniversary on 31 August 2018. A landmark piece of public health law, it marked the beginning of the Victorian sanitary revolution, recognising the need for the protection of all citizens from environmental and social threats, with cross party political support.1 It would take 27 more years and two more catastrophic cholera outbreaks before the 1875 Public Health Act turned the enabling provisions of the 1848 act into the powers of local authorities.2 The BMJ ’s readers voted sanitation and clean water the biggest medical advance since 1840.3

Over those 170 years, life expectancy has increased greatly.4 Sanitary reform also provided the impetus for expanding local government service provision.5 Other major improvements to the public’s health included the 1875 Artisans’ and Labourers’ Dwellings Improvement Act, the driver of slum clearances and public sector housing provision5; national food rationing during two world wars, which improved the nutritional status and life expectancy of children46; the Defence of the Realm Act 1914, which restricted public alcohol consumption7; the identification of …
Abstract 16088: Association of Cumulative ICD Implantations With Decreasing Overall Incidence of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Brian S Moyers, Eric Vittinghoff, Thomas A Dewland, Gregory M Marcus, Zian H Tseng
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Few studies have examined rates of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in the era of widespread use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) for primary prevention of sudden d...
Sympathetic β1-adrenergic signaling contributes to regulation of human bone metabolism
Authors: Sundeep Khosla, Matthew T. Drake, Tammie L. Volkman, Brianne S. Thicke, Sara J. Achenbach, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, Michael J. Joyner, Clifford J. Rosen, David G. Monroe, Joshua N. Farr
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2018)

BACKGROUND. Evidence from rodent studies indicates that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) regulates bone metabolism, principally via β2-adrenergic receptors (β2-ARs). Given the conflicting human data, we used multiple approaches to evaluate the role of the SNS in regulating human bone metabolism.
Abstract 20595: Aortic Dissection: Long Term Outcomes
Authors: Amit Sharma, Darlington Nwaudo, Matthew Pavlovec, Strauss Craig, Ross Garberich, Benjamin Sun, Jesse Manunga, Domenico Calcaterra, Jessica Titus, Kevin Harris
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Patients with aortic dissection (AD) remain at risk for long term (LT) complications. All patients treated through a multi-disciplinary center were recommended to closely adhere to ro...
Abstract MP10: Racial Differences in Blood Pressure Components Associated with Incident Cardiovascular Disease in Young Adults: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Authors: Yuichiro Yano, Jared Reis, David Goff, David Jacobs, Stephen Sidney, Kiang Liu, Philip Greenland, Yacob Tedla, Hongyan Ning, Donald Lloyd-Jones
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) instead of systolic BP (SBP) or pulse pressure (PP) has been suggested as an important predictor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in those &lt;50 years of age. Observations in those ages 18 to 30 years are sparse, and racial differences are also unknown. Methods: Using data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA), which recruited healthy black and white young adults ages 18 to 30 years (n=4880) in 1985-1986, we assessed the associations between distinct BP components (SBP, DBP, mean arterial pressure [MAP], and PP) and incident CVD, defined as a composite endpoint of CVD deaths, myocardial infarction, angina, stroke, and heart failure. Results: The mean SBP, DBP, and PP at baseline (mean age 25 years) were 112, 69, and 43 mmHg in blacks (n=2473) and 109, 68, and 41 mmHg in whites (n=2407), respectively. Over 25 years of follow-up (100,291 person-years), 210 CVD events (140 events in blacks) occurred before the age of 55. Results from Cox proportional hazards models suggest that SBP was superior to DBP for predicting incident CVD in blacks, while DBP was superior to SBP in whites (Table). In blacks, CVD risk associated with higher PP was significant in models including MAP. Significant interactions were found between race and PP (P=0.02) but not SBP (P=0.14) and DBP (P=0.38) in association with incident CVD risk. Conclusions: In this long-term follow-up study, SBP outperformed DBP for predicting incident CVD in young blacks, while DBP outperformed SBP in young whites. In blacks, higher PP, representing large arterial stiffness, was associated with CVD risk. These racial differences may be attributable to earlier development of arterial stiffness in blacks compared with whites.
Third-Line Folfiri in Metastatic Gastric Cancer Patients
Authors: C. Caparello, E. Vasile, M. Lencioni, M.G. Fabrini, M. Lucchesi, L. Ginocchi, S. Caponi, S. Santi, S. Ricci, A. Falcone
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Abstract 16984: Associations of Cigarette Smoking With Cardiovascular Inflammation and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)
Authors: Mohammad Y Yakoob, Sina Kianoush, Mahmoud Al-Rifai, Andrew P Defilippis, Marcio S Bittencourt, Bruce B Duncan, Isabela M Bensenor, Paulo A Lotufo, Michael J Blaha
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is known to cause cardiovascular events, however there remains a need to identify sensitive biomarkers of early subclinical cardiovascular (CV) damage among smokers....