tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Need for nutritional support in advanced cancer patients with cachexia: A survey in palliative care settings.
Authors: Koji Amano, Tatsuya Morita, Jiro Miyamoto, Teruaki Uno, Hirofumi Katayama, Ryohei Tatara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

100 Background: Few studies have investigated the need for nutritional support in advanced cancer patients in palliative care settings.The aim of this survey is to examine the relationship between the need for nutritional support and cancer cachexia, specific needs, perceptions, and beliefs. Methods: We conducted a questionnaire in outpatient service/palliative care teams/palliative care units. Patients were classified into two groups: 1) Non-cachexia/Pre-cachexia and 2) Cachexia/Refractory cachexia. Results: A total of 117 out of 121 patients responded (96.7%). A significant difference was observed in the need for nutritional support between the groups: Non-cachexia/Pre-cachexia (32.7%) and Cachexia/Refractory cachexia (53.6%) (p = 0.031). The specific needs of patients requiring nutritional support were nutritional counseling (93.8%), ideas to improve food intake (87.5%), oral nutritional supplements (83.0%), parenteral nutrition and hydration (77.1%), and tube feeding (22.9%). The top perceptions regarding the best time to receive nutritional support and the best medical staff to provide nutritional support were “when anorexia, weight loss, and muscle weakness become apparent” (48.6%) and “nutritional support team” (67.3%), respectively. The top three beliefs of nutritional treatments were “I do not wish to receive tube feeding” (78.6%), “parenteral nutrition and hydration are essential” (60.7%), and “parenteral hydration is essential” (59.6%). Conclusions: Patients with cancer cachexia had a greater need for nutritional support. Advanced cancer patients wished to receive nutritional support from medical staff with specific knowledge when they become unable to take sufficient nourishment orally and the negative impact of cachexia becomes apparent. Additionally, most patients wished to receive parenteral nutrition and hydration.
CDK16 Phosphorylates and Degrades p53 to Promote Radioresistance and Predicts Prognosis in Lung Cancer
Authors: Jie Xie, Yan Li, Ke Jiang, Kaishun Hu, Sheng Zhang, Xiaorong Dong, Xiaofang Dai, Li Liu, Tao Zhang, Kunyu Yang, Kai Huang, Junjie Chen, Shaojun Shi, Yu Zhang, Gang Wu, Shuangbing Xu
Journal: Theranostics (2017)

Rationale:Radioresistance is considered the main cause of local relapse in lung cancer.However, the molecular mechanisms of radioresistance remain poorly understood.This study investigates the role of CDK16 in radioresistance of human lung cancer cells.Methods: The expression levels of CDK16 were determined by immunohistochemistry in lung cancer tissues and adjacent normal lung tissues.Immunoprecipitation assay and GST pulldown were utilized to detect the protein-protein interaction.The phosphorylation of p53 was evaluated by in vitro kinase assay.Poly-ubiquitination of p53 was examined by in vivo ubiquitination assay.Cell growth and apoptosis, ROS levels and DNA damage response were measured for functional analyses.Results: We showed that CDK16 is frequently overexpressed in lung cancer cells and tissues, and high levels of CDK16 are correlated with lymph node stage and poor prognosis in lung cancer patients.Furthermore, we provided evidence that CDK16 binds to and phosphorylates p53 at Ser315 site to inhibit transcriptional activity of p53.Moreover, we uncovered that this phosphorylation modification accelerates p53 degradation via the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway.Importantly, we demonstrated that CDK16 promotes radioresistance by suppressing apoptosis and ROS production as well as inhibiting DNA damage response in lung cancer cells in a p53-dependent manner.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that CDK16 negatively modulates p53 signaling pathway to promote radioresistance, and therefore represents a promising therapeutic target for lung cancer radiotherapy.
Abstract B25: Sometimes it's spiritual: A mixed-methods study of cervical cancer stigma among women in Ghana, West Africa
Authors: Michelle Sharonda Williams, Ernest Kenu
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women in Ghana, West Africa. Previous studies have found that many Ghanaian women hold stigmatizing beliefs about cervical cancer, which may lead them to minimize their perceived susceptibility to the disease and reduce their perceived need for preventive cervical cancer screenings. The purpose of this study was to assess cervical cancer stigma among Ghanaian women and determine if there is a difference in the level of cervical cancer stigma among nurses and non-healthcare providers. The PEN-3 model provided the framework for this study. A convergent parallel mixed methods study design was used to conduct this study; therefore the study was divided into two strands, the quantitative strand and the qualitative strand. For the quantitative strand, 298 women who were recruited from public venues in Accra, completed a questionnaire containing items from the global cancer stigma index scale. For the qualitative strand, in-depth interviews were conducted with 21 nurses who worked in a large public hospital in Accra and 21 nurses who worked in a small private hospital in Battor. A semi-structured interview guide was used to assess cervical cancer stigma among the nurses. Univariate and bivariate analyses were preformed to explore the quantitative data. The qualitative data were analyzed using open coding and focused coding. The results of the quantitative and qualitative data analyses indicated that stigmatizing beliefs about cervical cancer were reported by nurses and women in the general population who were not healthcare providers. However, stigmatizing beliefs such as Women with cervical cancer are responsible for causing their own cancer, Women with cervical cancer are sexually easy, and Only promiscuous women need to have a regular cervical cancer screening were reported more frequently by women who were not healthcare providers. The results of this study can be used to inform the development of culturally-relevant cervical cancer stigma reduction interventions. Reducing cervical cancer stigma may lead to an increase in the number of Ghanaian women who seek regular, preventive cervical cancer screenings. Citation Format: Michelle Sharonda Williams, Ernest Kenu. Sometimes it's spiritual: A mixed-methods study of cervical cancer stigma among women in Ghana, West Africa [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR International Conference: New Frontiers in Cancer Research; 2017 Jan 18-22; Cape Town, South Africa. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(22 Suppl):Abstract nr B25.
Abstract 448: The Loss of Rad GTPase Protects Against Infarction-induced Myocardial Remodeling, Scar Formation, and Decompensatory Dilation
Authors: Janet R Manning, Bryana M Levitan, Ayman Haroun, Catherine N Withers, Prabhakara R Nagareddy, Jeffrey D Smith, Christopher M Haggerty, Brandon Fornwalt, Erhe Gao, Douglas A Andres, Jonathan Satin
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

Rationale: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of death in the U.S. A non-contractile infarct compromises the overall mechanical function of the heart, reducing cardiac output and triggering decompensatory ventricular dilation. Rad GTPase, a member of the small GTPase RGK (Rem, Gem, Kir) family, is a calcium channel blocker that is endogenously expressed in the myocardium. We have previously shown that Rad deletion in mice results in increased Ca 2+ handling and a sustained non-pathological improvement in left ventricular function compared to wildtype. Hypothesis: Rad-ablation attenuates post-ischemic loss of function, resulting in reduced remodeling and improved long-term contractility. Methods and Results: We subjected Rad-deficient mice to ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery, and monitored cardiac function using echocardiography. We found that Rad deletion reduces both mortality and contractile dysfunction after MI, as well as ventricular dilation over five weeks. This improvement is also accompanied by preserved calcium handling in isolated myocytes. Histological and MRI examination of both ex vivo global ischemia and in vivo 24 hour LAD ligated myocardium revealed that initial infarct size is comparable between knockout and wildtype. We found that Rad loss reduced scar development and elongation independent of preserving tissue viability. Investigation of inflammatory pathways to account for this revealed increased expression of the anti-inflammatory protein thrombospondin accompanied by a reduction in neutrophil infiltration into the myocardium after MI. Conclusion: Rad deletion results in reduced cardiac remodeling, diminished myocardial inflammation, and improved contractile function after MI.
In vitro studies on enhancing effect of sodium glycocholate on transbuccal permeation of morphine hydrochloride1This article is dedicated to the memory of Harry Boddé who was a very special person and inspired us all to work harder to meet his high standard of scientific creativity and excellence throughout the remainder of our scientific lifetimes.1
Authors: S Şenel, D Duchêne, A.A Hıncal, Y Çapan, G Ponchel
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (1998)
Genetic Association of Lipids and Lipid Drug Targets With Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Seamus C. Harrison, Michael V. Holmes, Stephen Burgess, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Gregory T. Jones, Annette F. Baas, F. N. van ’t Hof, Paul I. W. de Bakker, Jan D. Blankensteijn, Janet T. Powell, Athanasios Saratzis, Gert J. de Borst, Daniel I. Swerdlow, Yolanda van der Graaf, Andre M. van Rij, David J. Carey, James R. Elmore, Gerard Tromp, Helena Kuivaniemi, Robert D. Sayers, Nilesh J. Samani, Matthew J. Bown, Steve E. Humphries
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2017)

Risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) are largely unknown, which has hampered the development of nonsurgical treatments to alter the natural history of disease.
The potential role of optical biopsy in the study and diagnosis of environmental enteric dysfunction
Authors: Alex J. Thompson, Michael Hughes, Salzitsa Anastasova, Laurie S. Conklin, Tudor Thomas, Cadman Leggett, William A. Faubion, Thomas J. Miller, Peter Delaney, François Lacombe, Sacha Loiseau, Alexander Meining, Rebecca Richards-Kortum, Guillermo J. Tearney, Paul Kelly, Guang-Zhong Yang
Journal: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology (2017)

Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an important cause of impaired development and stunting in children in the developing world. In this Consensus Statement, the authors assess the potential of optical biopsy technologies to facilitate the study and diagnosis of this global burden. Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is a disease of the small intestine affecting children and adults in low and middle income countries. Arising as a consequence of repeated infections, gut inflammation results in impaired intestinal absorptive and barrier function, leading to poor nutrient uptake and ultimately to stunting and other developmental limitations. Progress towards new biomarkers and interventions for EED is hampered by the practical and ethical difficulties of cross-validation with the gold standard of biopsy and histology. Optical biopsy techniques — which can provide minimally invasive or noninvasive alternatives to biopsy — could offer other routes to validation and could potentially be used as point-of-care tests among the general population. This Consensus Statement identifies and reviews the most promising candidate optical biopsy technologies for applications in EED, critically assesses them against criteria identified for successful deployment in developing world settings, and proposes further lines of enquiry. Importantly, many of the techniques discussed could also be adapted to monitor the impaired intestinal barrier in other settings such as IBD, autoimmune enteropathies, coeliac disease, graft-versus-host disease, small intestinal transplantation or critical care.
Photodynamic Priming Mitigates Chemotherapeutic Selection Pressures and Improves Drug Delivery
Authors: Huang-Chiao Huang, Imran Rizvi, Joyce Liu, Sriram Anbil, Ashish Kalra, Helen Lee, Yan Baglo, Nancy Paz, Douglas Hayden, Steve Pereira, Brian W. Pogue, Jonathan Fitzgerald, Tayyaba Hasan
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Physiologic barriers to drug delivery and selection for drug resistance limit survival outcomes in cancer patients. In this study, we present preclinical evidence that a subtumoricidal photodynamic priming (PDP) strategy can relieve drug delivery barriers in the tumor microenvironment to safely widen the therapeutic window of a nanoformulated cytotoxic drug. In orthotopic xenograft models of pancreatic cancer, combining PDP with nanoliposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) prevented tumor relapse, reduced metastasis, and increased both progression-free survival and 1-year disease-free survival. PDP enabled these durable improvements by targeting multiple tumor compartments to (i) increase intratumoral drug accumulation by &amp;gt;10-fold, (ii) increase the duration of drug exposure above a critical therapeutic threshold, and (iii) attenuate surges in CD44 and CXCR4 expression, which mediate chemoresistance often observed after multicycle chemotherapy. Overall, our results offer preclinical proof of concept for the effectiveness of PDP to minimize risks of tumor relapse, progression, and drug resistance and to extend patient survival. Significance: A biophysical priming approach overcomes key treatment barriers, significantly reduces metastases, and prolongs survival in orthotopic models of human pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res; 78(2); 558–71. ©2017 AACR.
One-pot synthesis of pH-responsive charge-switchable PEGylated nanoscale coordination polymers for improved cancer therapy
Authors: Yu Yang, Ligeng Xu, Wenjun Zhu, Liangzhu Feng, Jingjing Liu, Qian Chen, Ziliang Dong, Jiayue Zhao, Zhuang Liu, Meiwan Chen
Journal: Biomaterials (2017)
Empathy as a guide for understanding the balancing of Distancing-Embracing with negative art
Authors: Gernot Gerger, Tomohiro Ishizu, Matthew Pelowski
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

We connect the Distancing-Embracing model to theoretical and empirical evidence regarding empathy, which raises questions about the ordering and modulation of distancing in particular. Namely, distancing may not be a binary, continuously on/off process. Rather we suggest that changes in distancing as actualized via the relation between the individual and art (e.g., through empathy) might be a useful avenue for further consideration.
P1.08-044 Comparison of Peri-Operative Outcomes after Robotic-Assisted Video-Thoracoscopic Lobectomies versus Segmentectomies
Authors: Maria Echavarria, Anna Cheng, Frank Velez, Emily Ng, Carla Moodie, Joseph Garrett, Jacques-Pierre Fontaine, Eric Toloza
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
NKG2D-Dependent Antitumor Effects of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy against Glioblastoma
Authors: Tobias Weiss, Hannah Schneider, Manuela Silginer, Alexander Steinle, Martin Pruschy, Bojan Polić, Michael Weller, Patrick Roth
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2017)

Purpose: NKG2D is a potent activating immune cell receptor, and glioma cells express the cognate ligands (NKG2DL). These ligands are inducible by cellular stress and temozolomide (TMZ) or irradiation (IR), the standard treatment of glioblastoma, could affect their expression. However, a role of NKG2DL for the efficacy of TMZ and IR has never been addressed.Experimental Design: We assessed the effect of TMZ and IR on NKG2DL in vitro and in vivo in a variety of murine and human glioblastoma models, including glioma-initiating cells, and a cohort of paired glioblastoma samples from patients before and after therapy. Functional effects were studied with immune cell assays. The relevance of the NKG2D system for the efficacy of TMZ and IR was assessed in vivo in syngeneic orthotopic glioblastoma models with blocking antibodies and NKG2D knockout mice.Results: TMZ or IR induced NKG2DL in vitro and in vivo in all glioblastoma models, and glioblastoma patient samples had increased levels of NKG2DL after therapy with TMZ and IR. This enhanced the immunogenicity of glioma cells in a NGK2D-dependent manner, was independent from cytotoxic or growth inhibitory effects, attenuated by O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT), and required the DNA damage response. The survival benefit afforded by TMZ or IR relied on an intact NKG2D system and was decreased upon inhibition of the NKG2D pathway.Conclusions: The immune system may influence the activity of convential cancer treatments with particular importance of the NKG2D pathway in glioblastoma. Our data provide a rationale to combine NKG2D-based immunotherapies with TMZ and IR. Clin Cancer Res; 24(4); 882-95. ©2017 AACR.
Reassessing patterns of childhood body-mass index, overweight, and obesity in South Asian and black participants in the English National Child Measurement Programme: use of ethnicity-specific body-mass index adjustments
Authors: Mohammed T Hudda, Claire M Nightingale, Angela S Donin, Christopher G Owen, Alicja R Rudnicka, Jonathan C K Wells, Harry Rutter, Derek G Cook, Peter H Whincup
Journal: The Lancet (2017)
Dual loss of p110δ PI3-kinase and SKAP (KNSTRN) expression leads to combined immunodeficiency and multisystem syndromic features
Authors: Nigel Sharfe, Ariana Karanxha, Harjit Dadi, Daniele Merico, David Chitayat, Jo-Anne Herbrick, Spencer Freeman, Sergio Grinstein, Chaim M. Roifman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2017)
Synergy of Immune Checkpoint Blockade with a Novel Synthetic Consensus DNA Vaccine Targeting TERT
Authors: Elizabeth K. Duperret, Megan C. Wise, Aspen Trautz, Daniel O. Villarreal, Bernadette Ferraro, Jewell Walters, Jian Yan, Amir Khan, Emma Masteller, Laurent Humeau, David B. Weiner
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2017)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) and somatic EGFR mutations are essential, mutually exclusive oncogenic mechanisms for inverted sinonasal papillomas and associated sinonasal squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: A.M. Udager, J.B. McHugh, C.M. Goudsmit, H.C. Weigelin, M.S. Lim, K.S.J Elenitoba-Johnson, B.L. Betz, T.E. Carey, N.A. Brown
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Woman who rejected breast cancer diagnosis may undergo surgery without her consent
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2017)

A 66 year old woman with paranoid schizophrenia may be put under general anaesthetic and have surgery for breast cancer without her consent, a High Court judge has ruled.1

Mr Justice Keehan declared that the woman, referred to as JT, who denied that she had cancer, lacked the capacity to decide for herself whether to have the treatment.

He granted University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust “an order that it is lawful and in JT’s best interest to undergo surgical removal by wide local excision of ductal adenocarcinoma of her left breast under general anaesthetic.”

JT, who was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia …
Early Assessment of Tumor Response to Radiation Therapy using High-Resolution Quantitative Microvascular Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Sandeep K. Kasoji, Judith N. Rivera, Ryan C. Gessner, Sha X. Chang, Paul A. Dayton
Journal: Theranostics (2017)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7150/thno.19703.].
Closing the gap in surveillance of tuberculosis and HIV co-infection: a European perspective on the need for clinician–public health alliances
Authors: Marieke J. van der Werf, Giovanni Sotgiu, Masoud Dara
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2017)

Surveillance of tuberculosis (TB) is essential for monitoring progress towards achieving the targets set in the End TB strategy [1] and to inform stakeholders whether prevention and control efforts are effective. In the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region, TB surveillance has a long history and is, overall, complete and accurate; however, surveillance of TB–HIV co-infection is hampered by deficiencies [2]. Obtaining high quality surveillance information requires the concerted action of professionals working in the clinical and public health sectors. In addition, TB–HIV co-infection surveillance requires close collaboration between clinicians working with TB and with HIV-infected patients. In this editorial we elaborate on the rational of why surveillance of TB–HIV co-infection is important both for clinical and public health purposes, how clinicians can contribute to high quality surveillance and how they would benefit from sound surveillance. Clinicians and public health professionals need quality information on TB–HIV co-infection and should join forces <http://ow.ly/Lacb30fKA3T>
Feeding strategy shapes gut metagenomic enrichment and functional specialization in captive lemurs
Authors: E. A. McKenney, Thomas M. O'Connell, Allen Rodrigo, Anne D. Yoder
Journal: Gut Microbes (2017)

Many studies have demonstrated the effects of host diet on gut microbial membership, metagenomics, and fermentation individually; but few have attempted to interpret the relationship among these biological phenomena with respect to host features (e.g. gut morphology). We quantitatively compare the fecal microbial communities, metabolic pathways, and fermentation products associated with the nutritional intake of frugivorous (fruit-eating) and folivorous (leaf-eating) lemurs. Our results provide a uniquely multidimensional and comparative perspective on the adaptive dynamics between host and microbiome. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing revealed significant differential taxonomic and metabolic pathway enrichment, tailored to digest and detoxify different diets. Frugivorous metagenomes feature pathways to degrade simple carbohydrates and host-derived glycosaminoglycans, while folivorous metagenomes are equipped to break down phytic acid and other phytochemical compounds in an anaerobic environment. We used nuclear magnetic resonance based metabolic profiling of fecal samples to link metabolic pathways to fermentation products, confirming that the dissimilar substrates provided in each diet select for specific microbial functions. Fecal samples from frugivorous lemurs contained significantly different profiles of short chain fatty acids, alcohol fermentation products, amino acids, glucose, and glycerol compared to folivorous lemurs. We present the relationships between these datasets as an integrated visual framework, which we refer to as microbial geometry. We use microbial geometry to compare empirical gut microbial profiles across different feeding strategies, and suggest additional utility as a tool for hypothesis-generation.
Meeting report: a hard look at the state of enamel research
Authors: Ophir D Klein, Olivier Duverger, Wendy Shaw, Rodrigo S Lacruz, Derk Joester, Janet Moradian-Oldak, Megan K Pugach, J Timothy Wright, Sarah E Millar, Ashok B Kulkarni, John D Bartlett, Thomas GH Diekwisch, Pamela DenBesten, James P Simmer
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2017)

The Encouraging Novel Amelogenesis Models and Ex vivo cell Lines (ENAMEL) Development workshop was held on 23 June 2017 at the Bethesda headquarters of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR). Discussion topics included model organisms, stem cells/cell lines, and tissues/3D cell culture/organoids. Scientists from a number of disciplines, representing institutions from across the United States, gathered to discuss advances in our understanding of enamel, as well as future directions for the field.
ORAI1 mutations abolishing store-operated Ca2+ entry cause anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with immunodeficiency
Authors: Jayson Lian, Mario Cuk, Sascha Kahlfuss, Lina Kozhaya, Martin Vaeth, Frédéric Rieux-Laucat, Capucine Picard, Melina J. Benson, Antonia Jakovcevic, Karmen Bilic, Iva Martinac, Peter Stathopulos, Imre Kacskovics, Thomas Vraetz, Carsten Speckmann, Stephan Ehl, Thomas Issekutz, Derya Unutmaz, Stefan Feske
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2017)