tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: David P D'Cruz
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune connective tissue disorder with various clinical presentations. It is prevalent among young women with a peak age of onset between the late teens and early 40s and a female to male ratio of 9:1. It is more common in certain ethnic groups, such as people with African or Asian ancestry. One study estimated the prevalence of lupus as 27.7/100 000 and as high as 206/100 000 in Afro-Caribbean women.1 SLE is a chronic illness that may be life threatening when major organs are affected but more commonly results in chronic debilitating ill health. No single cause for SLE has been identified, though factors such as sunlight and drugs may precipitate the condition, and there is a complex genetic basis. Autoantibodies may be present for many years before the clinical onset of the disease, and there may be increasing numbers of antibodies just before symptoms develop, pointing to a multi-factorial pathogenesis.2

I used PubMed to identify references, supplemented by review articles and lectures from the American College of Rheumatology annual conference in 2005. Search terms included systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, lupus nephritis, central nervous system disease in lupus, and fatigue. Articles were selected according to their impact on clinical practice. It is not possible to give a comprehensive guide to the management of all the possible complications of lupus so I have focused on areas where there is a consensus on management or where there have been major new developments.

The widely recognised presentation of a young woman with inflammatory arthritis and a butterfly facial rash is uncommon. Non-specific symptoms of fatigue, malaise, oral ulcers, arthralgia, photosensitive skin rashes, lymphadenopathy, pleuritic chest pains, headache, paraesthesiae, symptoms of dry eyes and mouth, Raynaud's phenomenon, and mild hair loss are more likely …
Calidad e impacto de la colonoscopia en el programa de cribado de cáncer colorrectal en un hospital de tercer nivel
Authors: M San Juan Acosta, A Ámoros Tenorio, M Muñoz García-Borruel, P Borque Barrera, D García Romero, L Navazo Bermejo, I Redondo Zaera, X Arguiñarena Ruiz, P Bennemann, S Morales González
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es el tumor más frecuente en España y la segunda causa de mortalidad por cáncer. El programa de cribado de CCR es importante para su detección y tratamiento precoz.
Persuading the public that less is more
Authors: Adrian C Traeger
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Woloshin and Schwartz, alongside other “less is more” crusaders, place great faith in sharing decisions as a way forward in the fight against overdiagnosis.1 I consider myself such a crusader, but I am less optimistic about the promise of shared decision making. Diagnostic imaging of non-serious lower back pain, for example, is massively overused, and it offers …
The evolution of adaptiveness: balancing speed and evidence
Authors: Hans-Georg Eichler, Richard Barker, Nicola Bedlington, Jacoline C. Bouvy, André W. Broekmans, Anna Bucsics, Francesca Cerreta, Solange Corriol-Rohou, Alicia Granados, Yann Le Cam, Ad Schuurman
Journal: Nature Reviews Drug Discovery (2018)
Eficacia y seguridad de la disección endoscópica submucosa asistida tracción magnética comparada con la hidrodisección y la disección tradicional. Estudio experimental sobre modelo exvivo
Authors: J Rodríguez Sánchez, P Olivencia Palomar, E De La Santa Belda, R Salmoral Luque, M Sánchez Alonso, E Rodríguez Sánchez, J Redondo Calvo, J Sanz
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

La disección endoscópica submucosa (DSE) es la técnica de elección para el tratamiento de lesiones complejas tanto de tracto digestivo superior como de colon. Sin embargo, debido a su complejidad es una técnica de difusión limitada en occidente. La fase de disección se considera la más compleja del procedimiento por la dificultad para conseguir una adecuada “línea de disección” dentro del espacio submucoso. Se han ensayado múltiples técnicas de tracción mucosa para mitigar esta desventaja, entre ellas la tracción guiada por imanes. Sin embargo no existen estudios comparativos entre las diferentes modalidades.
Predicción histológica de los polipos de colon mediante visión por computador: Resultados preliminares
Authors: C Sánchez-Montes, J Sánchez, C Rodríguez De Miguel, H Córdova, J Bernal, M López-Cerón, A García-Rodríguez, J Llach, G Fernández-Esparrach
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

La clasificación de Kudo permite realizar una predicción de la histología de los pólipos de colon. Sin embargo, requiere de la utilización de endoscopios de alta definición (HD) y cromoendoscopia.
Frequency of Brain Metastases and Multikinase Inhibitor Outcomes in Patients With RET–Rearranged Lung Cancers
Authors: Alexander Drilon, Jessica J. Lin, Thomas Filleron, Ai Ni, Julie Milia, Isabella Bergagnini, Vaios Hatzoglou, Vamsidhar Velcheti, Michael Offin, Bob Li, David P. Carbone, Benjamin Besse, Tony Mok, Mark M. Awad, Jurgen Wolf, Dwight Owen, D. Ross Camidge, Gregory J. Riely, Nir Peled, Mark G. Kris, Julien Mazieres, Justin F. Gainor, Oliver Gautschi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2018)

In ret proto-oncogene (RET)-rearranged lung cancers, data on the frequency of brain metastases and, in particular, the outcomes of multikinase inhibitor therapy in patients with intracranial disease are not well characterized.A global, multi-institutional registry (cohort A, n = 114) and a bi-institutional data set (cohort B, n = 71) of RET-rearranged lung cancer patients were analyzed. Patients were eligible if they had stage IV lung cancers harboring a RET rearrangement by local testing. The incidence of brain metastases and outcomes with multikinase inhibitor therapy were determined.The frequency of brain metastases at the time of diagnosis of stage IV disease was 25% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18%-32%) in all patients from both cohorts. The lifetime prevalence of brain metastasis in stage IV disease was 46% (95% CI: 34%-58%) in patients for whom longitudinal data was available. The cumulative incidence of brain metastases was significantly different (p = 0.0039) between RET-, ROS1-, and ALK receptor tyrosine kinase (ALK)-rearranged lung cancers, with RET intermediate between the other two groups. Although intracranial response data was not available in cohort A, the median progression-free survival of multikinase inhibitor therapy (cabozantinib, vandetanib, or sunitinib) in patients with brain metastases was 2.1 months (95% CI: 1.3-2.9 months, n = 10). In cohort B, an intracranial response was observed in 2 of 11 patients (18%) treated with cabozantinib, vandetanib (± everolimus), ponatinib, or alectinib; the median overall progression-free survival (intracranial and extracranial) was 3.9 months (95% CI: 2.0-4.9 months).Brain metastases occur frequently in RET-rearranged lung cancers, and outcomes with multikinase inhibitor therapy in general are suboptimal. Novel RET-directed targeted therapy strategies are needed.
Multidisciplinary, proactive care is needed
Authors: A. Singleton, R. Martin, S. Mitchell
Journal: BMJ (1996)

EDITOR,—David Kingdon and Sue Sumners highlight the potential of general practitioners to enhance the medical care of some of the most vulnerable members of society.1 Our experience is that community care cannot be delivered by the primary health care team in isolation: it requires new working relationships with hospital consultants, community nurses, the local authority, and the independent sector. In Fitznells Manor Surgery, which is a fundholding practice with four …
THE CONTRIBUTION OF COLONOSCOPY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CONSTIPATION
Authors: A Taiymi, W Khannoussi, G Kharrasse, Z Ismaili, A Elmekkaoui
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

We performed a retrospective descriptive study over a period of 2 years. We studied 154 patients who underwent colonoscopy for isolated constipation or combined with other symptoms.
SECONDARY PANCREATIC DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA: AN EUS DIAGNOSIS OF A RARE CAUSE OF PANCREATIC MASS
Authors: G de Nucci, E Domenico Mandelli, M Onorati, M Nicola, F Di Nuovo, G Manes
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Pancreatic lymphomatous involvement is an unusual event: primary pancreatic lymphoma represents a rarity, accounting for less than 2% of all lymphomas. Secondary pancreatic involvement can occur but cytological diagnosis is very rarely performed considering the multiorgan dissemination. Pancreatic involvement may be misdiagnosed as pancreatic cancer thus leading to incorrect therapeutic management. the Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) has emerged as the most cost-effective and safe procedure to obtain the diagnosis of pancreatic lesions. we report an unusual case of secondary, pancreatic, nodular involvement diagnosed by EUS guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) in patient suffering from a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Advantages and Adversities of the Weighted Toxicity Score
Authors: Ulka Vaishampayan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract It is imperative to develop a comprehensive toxicity score that will capture, convey, and compare adverse events of agents that are therapeutic options for the same disease state. The weighted toxicity score tool is a valuable aid in the shared decision-making process of therapeutic choice between patients and providers. Clin Cancer Res; 24(20); 4918–20. ©2018 AACR. See related article by Carbini et al., p. 4968
Therapeutic Targeting of the Premetastatic Stage in Human Lung-to-Brain Metastasis
Authors: Mohini Singh, Chitra Venugopal, Tomas Tokar, Nicole McFarlane, Minomi K. Subapanditha, Maleeha Qazi, David Bakhshinyan, Parvez Vora, Naresh K. Murty, Igor Jurisica, Sheila K. Singh
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Brain metastases (BM) result from the spread of primary tumors to the brain and are a leading cause of cancer mortality in adults. Secondary tissue colonization remains the main bottleneck in metastatic development, yet this "premetastatic" stage of the metastatic cascade, when primary tumor cells cross the blood-brain barrier and seed the brain before initiating a secondary tumor, remains poorly characterized. Current studies rely on specimens from fully developed macrometastases to identify therapeutic options in cancer treatment, overlooking the potentially more treatable "premetastatic" phase when colonizing cancer cells could be targeted before they initiate the secondary brain tumor. Here we use our established brain metastasis initiating cell (BMIC) models and gene expression analyses to characterize premetastasis in human lung-to-BM. Premetastatic BMIC engaged invasive and epithelial developmental mechanisms while simultaneously impeding proliferation and apoptosis. We identified the dopamine agonist apomorphine to be a potential premetastasis-targeting drug. In vivo treatment with apomorphine prevented BM formation, potentially by targeting premetastasis-associated genes KIF16B, SEPW1, and TESK2 Low expression of these genes was associated with poor survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. These results illuminate the cellular and molecular dynamics of premetastasis, which is subclinical and currently impossible to identify or interrogate in human patients with BM. These data present several novel therapeutic targets and associated pathways to prevent BM initiation.Significance: These findings unveil molecular features of the premetastatic stage of lung-to-brain metastases and offer a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent brain metastases. Cancer Res; 78(17); 5124-34. ©2018 AACR.
Abstract P321: Influence of Cigarette Smoking on Coronary and Aortic Calcification Among Community-based Middle-aged Japanese and Korean Men
Authors: Nobutaka Hirooka, Takashi Kadowaki, Chol Shin, J. David Curb, Emma Barinas-Mitchell, Kamal Masaki, Aiman El-Saed, Todd B Seto, Jina Cho, Akira Fujiyoshi, Tomonori Okamura, Katsuyuki Miura, Hirotsugu Ueshima, Daniel Edmundowicz, Lewis H Kuller, Kim Sutton-Tyrrell, Akira Sekikawa
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Background: Incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) among Japanese and Korean men is low among industrialized countries despite their high rates of cigarette smoking. We hypothesized that cigarette smoking is associated with coronary (CC) and aortic calcification (AC) in Japanese and Korean men regardless of their low incidence rates of CHD. Method: To test this hypothesis, a community-based sample of 313 Japanese and 302 Korean men aged 40-49 were examined for CC and AC using electron-beam computed tomography. We examined the relationship between cigarette smoking and calcification after adjusting for conventional risk factors (age, BMI, alcohol consumption, systolic blood pressure, high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting serum glucose). Current and past smokers were combined and categorized into two groups using the median of pack-years of smoking as a cutoff point. Never-smokers were used as a reference for multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: The odds ratios of the presence of CC (Agatston score ≥ 10) for smokers of lower and higher level of smoking were 1.0 and 2.9 (p = 0.035 for trend) in Japanese and 0.8 and 1.3 (p = 0.647 for trend) in Koreans. The odds ratios of the presence of AC (Agatston score ≥ 100) for smokers of lower and higher level were 2.0 and 10.4 (p &lt; 0.001 for trend) in Japanese and 2.1 and 3.6 (p = 0.012 for trend) in Koreans. Conclusion: Cigarette smoking is associated with coronary and aortic calcification in Japanese men while smoking is only associated with aortic calcification in Korean men. Table Odds ratios of having coronary and aortic calcification by smoking status in Japanese and Korean men Never smoke Low pack-years smoke High pack-years smoke P value Japanese CC Agatston≥10 1.0 1.0 2.9 &lt;0.035 95% C.I. [0.2, 4.2] [0.8, 11.3] AC Agatston≥100 1.0 2.0 10.4 &lt;0.001 95% C.I. [0.4, 9.8] [2.3, 47.1] Koreans CC Agatston≥10 1.0 0.8 1.3 0.647 95% C.I. [0.3, 2.4] [0.5, 3.8] AC Agatston≥100 1.0 2.1 3.6 0.012 95% C.I. [0.9, 4.9] [1.5, 8.6] AC and CC indicates aortic and coronary calcification, respectively.
Children with Sickle Cell Disease on Chronic Red Cell Transfusion Experience Fewer Hospitalizations for Acute Vaso-Occlusive Episodes Irrespective of the Indication for Transfusion
Authors: Carmen C Wallace, Hilda Mata, Nancy J Wandersee, J. Paul Scott, Amanda M Brandow, Joshua J. Field, Matthew Karafin, Cheryl A. Hillery
Journal: Blood (2014)
DIFFERENCE OF EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION BETWEEN ADJACENT-TO-CANCER AND NORMAL TISSUE IN THE PATIENTS WHO UNDERWENT ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION FOR EARLY GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: SJ Hong, HJ Jung, SH Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is known to be associated with tumor progression, invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer. The process of EMT is associated with the down-regulation of epithelial markers, abnormal translocation of E-cadherin, and aberrant up-regulation of mesenchymal markers. The aim of current study is to investigate the difference of EMT between adjacent-to-cancer and normal tissue in early gastric cancer (EGC), and changes of EMT after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).
HEAT: HEMORRHOIDAL ERADICATION BY ARGON PLASMA THERAPY USING A NEWLY DESIGNED CAP SYSTEM
Authors: B Walter, S Schmidbaur, A Hann, A Meining
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Hemorrhoid therapy is mainly performed by rubber band ligation. There are recent data indicating the benefit of Argon Plasma Coagulation (APC) in esophageal varices. Hence, we aimed to develop and design a tube system enabling APC therapy of hemorrhoids via a standard colonoscope.
Abstract P429: Assessing Physical Activity in Women with CVD Using Generic Versus Disease-Specific Measures of Physical Activity
Authors: Linda A Mason Barber, Laura Kimble, Tanya Sudia-Robinson, Leslie Taylor
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction and Purpose: Consistent and adequate measurement of physical activity (PA) in studies involving women with CVD has significant implications for the development of interventions and recommendations for increasing PA in this population. Generic measures of PA may not address or may be less sensitive or relevant to issues and problems faced by women with CVD and their impact on function. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to assess appropriateness of using generic self-report PA measures as opposed to disease-specific measures when assessing PA in women with CVD. Methods: A secondary analysis of PA data derived from a cross-sectional study investigating healthcare providers’ influence on motivation for PA in women with CVD was conducted. Community-dwelling, English speaking women with a self-reported history of CVD were recruited via flyers and newspaper ads, subsequently completing mailed self-report questionnaires and a telephone survey. Self-reported PA was measured with the 7-Day PAR. Perceived PA limitations and CVD symptoms were assessed with the Cardiovascular Limitations and Symptoms Scale. Age and comorbid conditions were also assessed. Pearson’s product moment correlations were computed to assess for associations among study variables. Results: The sample ( N =103) were non-Hispanic, primarily white (93.2%) females with a mean age of 64.7 (SD 10.3) years. The majority (94.2%) were NYHA functional status class I. Mean reported CVD symptoms was 1.1 ( SD 1.0). Difficulties with recall bias and descriptions of daily activities by participants during data collection with the 7-Day PAR led to wide variations in self-reported PA, contributing to a highly left-skewed distribution. Mean reported energy expenditure (PA) was 241.8 kcal/kg/week ( SD 20.3, Median 235.9). Mean perceived PA limitations was 15.9 ( SD 4.8). With the exception of a significant correlation with age (p &lt; .01), no association between PA, as measured with the 7-Day PAR, and other study variables was found, including perceived PA limitations. CVD symptoms emerged as a significant predictor of perceived PA limitations in regression analyses in the primary study and was highly correlated ( r = .51, p &lt; .001) with this variable, but not with PA ( p = .39). Conclusions: Lack of correlations between PA and other study variables may have been attributable to discrepancies in estimation of PA as assessed with the 7-Day PAR in this sample. The emergence of CVD symptoms as the strongest predictor of perceived PA limitations in regression analyses in the primary study supports the influence CVD-related factors have on PA in women with CVD. These results suggest including a disease-specific assessment, which takes CVD symptoms and limitations into consideration, when evaluating PA in the population of women with CVD.
ENDOSCOPIC DILATION OF PANCREATIC DUCT STRICTURES IN CHRONIC PANCREATITIS WITH MULTIPLE PALSTIC STENTS: RESULTS IN 48 PATIENTS
Authors: V Bove, A Tringali, I Boškoski, R Landi, F Barbaro, P Familiari, V Perri, G Costamagna
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Main pancreatic duct (MPD) strictures located in the head of the pancreas often occur in the course of chronic pancreatitis (CP). Common management of these strictures is endoscopic placement of a single plastic stent. Insertion of multiple plastic stents (MPS) obtained, in a series of 19 patients, symptomatic MPD stricture resolution in 84% of the cases, after 3-year follow-up. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the MPS strategy in a larger series of CP patients.
Common food additive carrageenan induces activation of NFkappaB and IL-8 in intestinal epithelial cells through pathways mediated by toll-like receptor 4 and by reactive oxygen species
Authors: Sumit Bhattacharyya, Pradeep Dudeja, Joanne Tobacman
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

2256  The common food additive carrageenan (CGN) has been widely used to induce inflammation in intestinal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Since IBD is recognized as a precursor to colorectal carcinoma (CRC), elucidation of mechanisms of intestinal inflammation may help to prevent or treat CRC. Our studies were performed to elucidate the pathway(s) by which CGN leads to inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). We have determined some of the effects of CGN on human IEC in tissue culture, using low concentrations of λCGN (1μg/ml) in the majority of our experiments. This concentration is significantly less than that ingested in the average Western diet daily. CGN activates a pathway of innate immunity involving Bcl10 (B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10) in the IEC and a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated pathway. Experiments with fluorescent-tagged λCGN, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) blocking antibody (HTA-125), TLR4 silencing by siRNA, and knockdown of the TLR4 adaptor protein MyD88 by dominant-negative MyD88 plasmid, demonstrated that CGN induces an inflammatory pathway through TLR4. Increases in Bcl10 and IL-8 are inhibited by TLR4 blocking antibody and dominant negative MyD88. Binding of fluorescent CGN is markedly reduced in human IEC and RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages by pre-treatment with TLR4 blocking antibody. In contrast, in the ScCr23 cell line, that lacks the genetic locus for TLR4, there is no binding of the fluorescent CGN. Additional experiments, involving immunoprecipitation and Western blots, have shown that Bcl10 co-immunoprecipitates with MALT1 and IKKγ (Nemo) and that ubiquitinated Nemo increases following CGN exposure. Silencing the pathway of innate immunity activated by CGN inhibits the activation of NFκB and IL-8 by 80%, suggesting an additional mechanism of CGN-induced effects. Using techniques to measure ROS and protein phosphorylation by ELISA, we have found that CGN exposure increases ROS and decreases phosphorylated Hsp27. Since Hsp27 phosphorylation is inversely associated with phosphorylation of IKKα/β, this suggests that CGN affects both the catalytic (IKKα/β) and regulatory (IKKγ) domains of the IKK signalosome. CGN’s activation of a pathway of innate immunity involving TLR4 and Bcl10 may arise from its unusual chemical structure, since CGN has an α-1,3-galactosidic linkage that is foreign to humans and Old World apes that lack the enzyme α-1,3-galactosyl transferase and possess the anti-Gal antibody. Increased ROS may arise since CGN is so highly sulfated, with as many as three sulfate moieties per disaccharide unit. Increasing exposure to CGN in the Western diet due to increased incorporation of CGN in processed foods may contribute to increased incidence of colorectal cancer, as well as intestinal inflammation.