tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Engaging staff in advance care planning during National Healthcare Decisions Week at a major cancer hospital.
Authors: Lindsay Emanuel, Gayle Ito-Hamerling, Nicole Boutros, Finly Zachariah
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

19 Background: In a 2014 study of US adults, “lack of awareness” was the most commonly reported reason for not having an advance directive (AD). Medical staff have opportunities to increase AD awareness for patients at key touchpoints in the cancer treatment trajectory. At City of Hope National Medical Center (COH), the Department of Supportive Care Medicine with administrative support and significant institutional collaboration created a patient-and-staff-centric Advance Care Planning program and marketing awareness campaign titled “Plan Today for Tomorrow.” Methods: Efforts were made to increase staff comfortability with and personal completion of ADs. General education was provided through staff in-services, medical grand rounds, and new employee orientation, all with opportunities to complete personal ADs. In addition, education and training were provided to staff at key patient touchpoints, including new patient services and the pre-anesthesia testing clinic. Most recently, during the 2017 National Healthcare Decisions Week, one day was tailored specifically to increasing the number of staff who have completed their own advance directive. A five dollar Starbucks incentive was made available for non-physician staff who completed their own AD. Free notary services and AD support were made available at multiple locations on the main COH campus and satellites clinics. Results: On the day dedicated to staff outreach and completion of personal ADs during the COH 2017 National Healthcare Decisions week, 109 staff members completed their own AD. Staff participants reported increased comfort with the AD conversation, relief of personal burden by completing AD, increased understanding of the document and the importance of completion, and a sense of “practicing what they preach” to patients. Conclusions: Targeted efforts to engage staff in advance care planning can be successful. Nominal incentives may be helpful to attract staff to explore advance care planning personally. Further work is needed to embed advance care planning and advance directive completion in the culture of healthcare institutions.
Predicting cancer type from tumour DNA signatures
Authors: Kee Pang Soh, Ewa Szczurek, Thomas Sakoparnig, Niko Beerenwinkel
Journal: Genome Medicine (2017)

Establishing the cancer type and site of origin is important in determining the most appropriate course of treatment for cancer patients. Patients with cancer of unknown primary, where the site of origin cannot be established from an examination of the metastatic cancer cells, typically have poor survival. Here, we evaluate the potential and limitations of utilising gene alteration data from tumour DNA to identify cancer types. Using sequenced tumour DNA downloaded via the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics, we collected the presence or absence of calls for gene alterations for 6640 tumour samples spanning 28 cancer types, as predictive features. We employed three machine-learning techniques, namely linear support vector machines with recursive feature selection, L 1-regularised logistic regression and random forest, to select a small subset of gene alterations that are most informative for cancer-type prediction. We then evaluated the predictive performance of the models in a comparative manner. We found the linear support vector machine to be the most predictive model of cancer type from gene alterations. Using only 100 somatic point-mutated genes for prediction, we achieved an overall accuracy of 49.4±0.4 % (95 % confidence interval). We observed a marked increase in the accuracy when copy number alterations are included as predictors. With a combination of somatic point mutations and copy number alterations, a mere 50 genes are enough to yield an overall accuracy of 77.7±0.3 %. A general cancer diagnostic tool that utilises either only somatic point mutations or only copy number alterations is not sufficient for distinguishing a broad range of cancer types. The combination of both gene alteration types can dramatically improve the performance.
Deregulated hTERT transcription during HPV-induced carcinogenesis is dependent on transcriptional and epigenetic alterations
Authors: Renske Steenbergen, Jillian de Wilde, Jan Kooter, Renee Overmeer, Debbie Claassen-Kramer, Chris Meijer, Peter Snijders
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

2231   Activation of telomerase resulting from deregulated hTERT expression is a key event during cervical carcinogenesis, a multistep process initiated by an infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) types. In the present study we examined the mechanisms underlying deregulated hTERT transcription in hrHPV-transformed cells.  Using luciferase (luc) reporter assays the activity of various hTERT promoter and exonic sequences was analyzed in telomerase negative cells and telomerase positive cells. The latter included HPV16 and HPV18-immortalized keratinocytes, which represent an intermediate state in the carcinogenic process, and cervical cancer cells. In telomerase positive cells, hTERT mRNA expression levels correlated with hTERT promoter-luc activity. However, the hTERT promoter-luc activity was also evident in telomerase negative cells with no or strongly reduced hTERT mRNA expression levels. In all cells, basal hTERT promoter-luc activity was found to be highly dependent on Sp1 and E-box binding sites.  Additionally, we showed that transcriptional repression by sequences both upstream and downstream of the core promoter was associated with DNA methylation, as determined with extensive bisulfite sequencing analysis. Methylation at -400 to -200 and +300 to +400 relative to the ATG start site was found to be specifically increased in hTERT positive cells as compared to hTERT negative cells. This indicates that these epigenetic alterations contribute to transcriptional regulation of hTERT in hrHPV-transformed cells. Subsequent analysis of cervical tissue specimens by methylation specific PCR (MSP) targeting both regions showed methylation in virtually all cervical carcinomas, a subset of high-grade precursor lesions, compared with a minority of low grade precursor lesions and normal controls.  Taken together, we show that both transcriptional regulators like Sp1 and Myc as well as DNA methylation at regions surrounding the core promoter are involved in the regulation of hTERT expression in HPV-infected cells. In addition, methylation of the hTERT promoter and first exon may provide valuable biomarkers for the detection of cervical cancer and its high grade precursor lesions.
Macrophage scavenger receptor 1 contributes to pathogenesis of fulminant hepatitis via neutrophil-mediated complement activation
Authors: Yuan Tang, Huifang Li, Junru Li, Yunzhi Liu, Yanli Li, Jing Zhou, Jia Zhou, Xiao Lu, Wei Zhao, Jinlin Hou, Xiang-Yang Wang, Zhengliang Chen, Daming Zuo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2017)
Comparative effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone versus buprenorphine-naloxone for opioid relapse prevention (X:BOT): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Joshua D Lee, Edward V Nunes, Patricia Novo, Ken Bachrach, Genie L Bailey, Snehal Bhatt, Sarah Farkas, Marc Fishman, Phoebe Gauthier, Candace C Hodgkins, Jacquie King, Robert Lindblad, David Liu, Abigail G Matthews, Jeanine May, K Michelle Peavy, Stephen Ross, Dagmar Salazar, Paul Schkolnik, Dikla Shmueli-Blumberg, Don Stablein, Geetha Subramaniam, John Rotrosen
Journal: The Lancet (2017)
BMI and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).
Authors: Vincenzo Formica, Antonella Nardecchia, Rachela Pellegrino, Valentina Massimiliani, Luisa Donnarumma, Greta Giuliano, Nicola Renzi, Sabrina Mariotti, Ilaria Portarena, Anastasia Laudisi, Cristina Morelli, Jessica Lucchetti, Lorena Perrone, Silvia Riondino, Mario Roselli
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

249 Background: Relationship between BMI and HR-QoL has been extensively studied in CRC survivors. Increasing BMI has been recently associated with improved survival in mCRC pts, however data on the relationship between BMI and common HR-QoL measures in mCRC are scarce Methods: The EORTC QLC C30 and the NCCN distress thermometer (DT) and problem list (PL) questionnaires were administered to consecutive mCRC pts candidate for firstline chemotherapy. The effect of BMI on HR-QoL were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The interaction between BMI and other variables of interest (such as inflammatory indexes) for the effect on HR-QoL was also analysed using a logistic regression analysis Results: Of 135 screened pts, 119 completed the questionnaires. A direct association was observed between BMI and GH score, with the score gradually improving from BMI 14 to 21, then plateauing between 21 and 41. A significantly lower GH was observed for BMI &lt; 21 vs &gt; 21 (GH 50 vs 67, p 0.014). DT and BMI were not correlated. BMI was inversely associated with practical problems (mean number of reported problems 0.7 vs 0.4 for BMI &lt; 24 vs &gt; 24, p0.012). The other components inversely associated with BMI were appetite loss, pain and fatigue (which were higher for BMI &lt; 21 , p values 0.033, 0.015 and 0.007, respectively). A direct association with BMI was also observed for social and physical functioning (p values 0.002 and 0.05, respectively). Median BMI in pts with GH score &lt; 25 vs &gt; 25 was 19 vs 25, p 0.05. Percentage of pts with very low BMI (BMI &lt; 21) was 38% vs 2% for pts with GH &lt; 25 vs &gt; 25, respectively, Odds Ratio 32.4, p 0.0007. Among 15 common clinical and biochemical analysed variables, the inflammatory index neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) demonstrated a significant interaction with BMI for the effect on GH, with the direct association between BMI and GH only retained in pts with low NLR and a deteriorated GH in pts with high NLR regardless of BMI, test for interaction p 0.013 Conclusions: Low BMI is associated with deteriorated HR-QoL in mCRC pts with low NLR approaching a first-line treatment. Adequate nutritional support and anti-inflammatory approaches would improve HR-QoL in these pts.
Association of <i>LRRK2</i> Haplotype With Age at Onset in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Bin Xiao, Xiao Deng, Ebonne Yu-Lin Ng, John Carson Allen, Shen-Yang Lim, Azlina Ahmad-Annuar, Eng-King Tan
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2017)

Genetic factors provide valuable clues to the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease (PD), owing to their roles in disease development.Mutations in 9 genes have been conclusively linked to monogenic PD over the past 2 decades. 1 Among Asian populations, the S1647T, R1628P, and G2385R variants of LRRK2 are established risk factors for PD. 2 Clinically, patients who have these LRRK2 risk variants share substantial similarities with patients with sporadic PD.It has been suggested that the G2385R variant is associated with a lower age at onset (AAO) of PD. 3 However, it is unknown whether the presence of multiple LRRK2 risk variants modulates the AAO of PD.We hypothesize that increases in the genetic burden of LRRK2 risk variants may be associated with a younger AAO.To test this hypothesis, we conducted a correlation study among a cohort of participants with PD who carried the LRRK2 risk variants S1647T, R1628P, and G2385R.Methods | A total of 1284 patients with PD were assessed at the movement disorder outpatient clinics at the National Neuroscience Institute.The clinical diagnosis was based on the UK PD Brain Bank criteria. 4Our study was approved by the SingHealth Centralised institutional review board.Written informed consent was obtained from all of the participants.Clinical data collected included age, AAO, race/ethnicity, sex, and family history of PD.The LRRK2 variants S1647T, R1628P, and G2385R were genotyped by TaqMan (Thermo Fisher Scientific) real-time polymerase chain reaction.Ten percent of the results (n = 129) were selected for Sanger sequencing to check for errors.The concordance rate of the 2 genotyping methods in this study was 100%.The AAO of carriers and noncarriers of LRRK2 variant(s) was compared using a 2-sample t test and a Wilcoxon rank sum test, and statistical significance was set at P<.05.
Disparity in use of supportive resources in elderly patients on chemotherapy for gastrointestinal malignancies: A single institution analysis.
Authors: Prashant J. Joshi, Khalid Matin, Adam Sima
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

102 Background: Chemotherapy has clinical benefit for elderly patients with careful selection. Selection is based on ECOG Performance Status determination. Patients with ECOG PS of 0-2 are considered chemotherapy candidates whereas patients with PS &gt; 3 are considered unlikely to benefit from it. Recommended tools such as a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) to help stratify patients further are not widely adopted. This study looks at disparity in use of supportive resources in patients &gt; 65 years of age undergoing chemotherapy at the Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Hospital. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis for all patients 65 and above with gastrointestinal malignancies (gastroesophageal, colorectal, and pancreatic) treated between January 2005 and July 2016 that received chemotherapy in any setting. ECOG performance status at initiation of therapy was required. Data collected on receipt of supportive resources such as Physical Therapy (PT), Occupational Therapy (OT), Nutrition, Mental Health, Geriatrics and Palliative Care. Exact Pearson’s chi-square tests were used for comparison of services and ECOG PS, race, etc. Results: 226 patients met criteria. Majority of patients were male (56%), white (63%) and had advanced malignancies (80% Stage III/IV disease). Mean age was 72.2 (SD = 5.6). ECOG PS was ≤1 in 88% and ≥2 in the remainder. 61% of patients utilized at least one resource (Palliative care: 46%, Nutrition: 21%, Mental Health: 15%, PT: 13%). Patients with an ECOG PS 0 or 1 tended to use more services; nutrition statistically significant (p = 0.037). Racial disparities observed in receipt of PT (P = 0.002), mental health (P = 0.012), palliative care (P = 0.039) with white patients more likely to receive the service in each case. More white than non-white patients received services (66% vs. 55%, P = 0.067). Conclusions: ECOG PS 0 or 1 correlated with increased utilization as compared to less robust ECOG 2 patients; tools such as CGA for appropriate service allocation are needed. We identified racial disparity in the utilization of certain services and these need further exploration, including patters for referral of these services as a factor.
The Greatest Gift
Authors: Lawrence I. Kaplan
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
High Mercury Levels Found in Women Around the World
Authors: M.J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Albumin-binding Polypeptide Both Targets Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Vaccines to Lymph Nodes and Boosts Vaccine Presentation by Dendritic Cells
Authors: Peng Wang, Peng Zhao, Shuyun Dong, Tiefeng Xu, Xiao He, Mingnan Chen
Journal: Theranostics (2017)

Rationale: Albumin-binding carriers have been shown to target cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) vaccines to lymph nodes (LNs) and improve the efficacy of the vaccines. However, it was not clear whether the improved efficacy is solely due to the LN targeting, which prompted this study. Methods: First, we generated a fusion protein consisting of an albumin-binding domain (ABD) and an immune-tolerant elastin-like polypeptide (iTEP). Then, we examined the binding between this fusion protein, termed ABD-iTEP, and mouse serum albumin (MSA). Next, we evaluated the accumulation of ABD-iTEP in LNs and dendritic cells (DCs) in the LNs. We also analyzed antigen presentation and in vitro T cell activation of vaccines that were delivered by ABD-iTEP and investigated possible underlying mechanisms of the presentation and activation results. Last, we measured CTL responses induced by ABD-iTEP-delivered vaccines in vivo. Results: ABD-iTEP bound with MSA strongly with an affinity of 1.41 nM. This albumin-binding carrier, ABD-iTEP, accumulated in LNs 3-fold more than iTEP, a control carrier that did not bind with albumin. ABD-iTEP also resulted in 4-fold more accumulation in DCs in the LNs than iTEP. Most importantly, ABD-iTEP drastically enhanced the antigen presentation of its vaccine payloads and the T cell activation induced by its payloads. The enhancement was dependent on the formation of the complex between MSA and ABD-iTEP. Meanwhile, the MSA/ABD-iTEP complex was found to have increased stability in acidic subcellular compartments and increased cytosolic accumulation in DCs, which might explain the enhanced vaccine presentation resulting from the complex. Finally, when ABD-iTEP was used to deliver CTL vaccines derived from both self- and non-self-antigens, it boosted the vaccine-induced responses by 2-fold in either case. Conclusion: ABD-iTEP not only targets vaccines to LNs but also promotes the presentation of the vaccines by DCs. Albumin-binding carriers have more than one mechanism to boost the efficacy of CTL vaccines.
P2.03b-017 Differences of Central Nerve System Metastasis during Gefitinib or Erlotinib Therapy in Patients with EGFR-Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kazushi Yoshida, Shintaro Kanda, Hideaki Shiraishi, Keiko Goto, Kota Itahashi, Yasushi Goto, Hidehito Horinouchi, Yutaka Fujiwara, Hiroshi Nokihara, Noboru Yamamoto, Yuichiro Ohe
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Factors Associated With Efficacy of Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation for Fecal Incontinence, Based on Post-Hoc Analysis of Data From a Randomized Trial
Authors: Emma J. Horrocks, Sami A. Chadi, Natasha J. Stevens, Steven D. Wexner, Charles H. Knowles
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2017)
From perceived control to self-control, the importance of cognitive and emotional resources
Authors: Eyal Carmel, David Leiser
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract Pepper &amp; Nettle (P&amp;N) suggest that the poor present a “contextually appropriate response” to a perceived limited control and to a short life expectancy. We argue that differences in health, behavior, or impaired economic decisions are better explained by self-control. We discuss the implications of the differences between these perspectives and present supporting findings from two intervention studies with marginalized populations.
Priming methods in semantics and pragmatics
Authors: Mora Maldonado, Benjamin Spector, Emmanuel Chemla
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract Structural priming is a powerful method to inform linguistic theories. We argue that this method extends nicely beyond syntax to theories of meaning. Priming, however, should still be seen as only one of the tools available for linguistic data collection. Specifically, because priming can occur at different, potentially conflicting levels, it cannot detect every aspect of linguistic representations.
P2.07-022 Inflammatory Cytokine Induction after Anti-PD-1 Ab Administration Relates to the Efficacy and Safety in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Y. Ozawa, Y. Amano, T. Koyauchi, T. Kakutani, Y. Sato, H. Hasegawa, T. Matsui, M. Tanahashi, H. Niwa, K. Yokomura, T. Suda
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)