tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care. Emergency Cardiac Care Committee and Subcommittees, American Heart Association. Part III. Adult advanced cardiac life support
Journal: JAMA (1992)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bone marrow mast cell disease associated with Felty's syndrome and liver cirrhosis
Authors: Ken-ichiro Inoue, Keiji Yoshioka, Yoshihiro Kasamatsu, Noriya Hiraoka, Yutaka Kawahito, Sadayoshi Yokoo, Yutaka Kobayashi, Motoharu Kondo
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (1998)
pRb and p16INK4 in Human Thymic Epithelial Tumors in Relation to Human Polyomavirus 7
Authors: Marlies Keijzers, Anna Kordelia Kurz, Monique Hochstenbag, Jos Maessen, Axel. Zur Hausen, Anne-Marie Dingemans, Anke Haugg, Marc De Baets, Dorit Rennspiess, Myrurgia. Abdul Hamid, Sreedhar Pujari
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2015)
Critical thinking in healthcare and education
Authors: Jonathan M Sharples, Andrew D Oxman, Kamal R Mahtani, Iain Chalmers, Sandy Oliver, Kevan Collins, Astrid Austvoll-Dahlgren, Tammy Hoffmann
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Critical thinking is just one skill crucial to evidence based practice in healthcare and education, write <b>Jonathan Sharples and colleagues</b>, who see exciting opportunities for cross sector collaboration
Acute exacerbations of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: tough to define; tougher to manage
Authors: Nathan Hambly, Gerard Cox, Martin Kolb
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2017)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, often fatal fibrotic lung disease that typically affects adults over the age of 60 [1]. The disease is characterised by progressive fibrosis of the lung interstitium, which is associated with pronounced architectural distortion, a decline in lung volumes, and impaired gas exchange. The average survival from the time of diagnosis is between 3 and 5 years [2]. There is significant heterogeneity, however, among individual patients as the clinical course is both variable and unpredictable [3]. Some patients have a protracted course with little functional impairment. In others, periods of relative stability can be punctuated by an acute respiratory worsening, labelled as acute exacerbations of IPF that can precipitate dramatic respiratory failure [4]. Rarely, acute exacerbation of IPF is the initial manifestation of IPF leading to death within months. Nintedanib reduces the rate of acute exacerbation in IPF and may improve survival after an acute deterioration <http://ow.ly/ezng30b7SGu>
Incidence and Outcome of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease (cGVHD) Using National Institute of Health (NIH) Criteria.
Authors: Madan Jagasia, J. Giglia, W. Chinratanalab, H. Chen, S. Dixon, H. Frangoul, B. Engelhardt, S. Goodman, J. Greer, A. Kassim, D. Morgan, K. Ruffner, F. Schuening
Journal: Blood (2006)
<i>In Vivo</i>Hemin Conditioning Targets the Vascular and Immunologic Compartments and Restrains Prostate Tumor Development
Authors: Felipe M. Jaworski, Lucas D. Gentilini, Geraldine Gueron, Roberto P. Meiss, Emiliano G. Ortiz, Paula M. Berguer, Asif Ahmed, Nora Navone, Gabriel A. Rabinovich, Daniel Compagno, Diego J. Laderach, Elba S. Vazquez
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2017)

Purpose: Conditioning strategies constitute a relatively unexplored and exciting opportunity to shape tumor fate by targeting the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we assessed how hemin, a pharmacologic inducer of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), has an impact on prostate cancer development in an in vivo conditioning model.Experimental Design: The stroma of C57BL/6 mice was conditioned by subcutaneous administration of hemin prior to TRAMP-C1 tumor challenge. Complementary in vitro and in vivo assays were performed to evaluate hemin effect on both angiogenesis and the immune response. To gain clinical insight, we used prostate cancer patient-derived samples in our studies to assess the expression of HO-1 and other relevant genes.Results: Conditioning resulted in increased tumor latency and decreased initial growth rate. Histologic analysis of tumors grown in conditioned mice revealed impaired vascularization. Hemin-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) exhibited decreased tubulogenesis in vitro only in the presence of TRAMP-C1-conditioned media. Subcutaneous hemin conditioning hindered tumor-associated neovascularization in an in vivo Matrigel plug assay. In addition, hemin boosted CD8+ T-cell proliferation and degranulation in vitro and antigen-specific cytotoxicity in vivo A significant systemic increase in CD8+ T-cell frequency was observed in preconditioned tumor-bearing mice. Tumors from hemin-conditioned mice showed reduced expression of galectin-1 (Gal-1), key modulator of tumor angiogenesis and immunity, evidencing persistent remodeling of the microenvironment. We also found a subset of prostate cancer patient-derived xenografts and prostate cancer patient samples with mild HO-1 and low Gal-1 expression levels.Conclusions: These results highlight a novel function of a human-used drug as a means of boosting the antitumor response. Clin Cancer Res; 23(17); 5135-48. ©2017 AACR.
Migrastatics—Anti-metastatic and Anti-invasion Drugs: Promises and Challenges
Authors: Aneta Gandalovičová, Daniel Rosel, Michael Fernandes, Pavel Veselý, Petr Heneberg, Vladimír Čermák, Luboš Petruželka, Sunil Kumar, Victoria Sanz-Moreno, Jan Brábek
Journal: Trends in cancer (2017)

In solid cancers, invasion and metastasis account for more than 90% of mortality. However, in the current armory of anticancer therapies, a specific category of anti-invasion and antimetastatic drugs is missing. Here, we coin the term 'migrastatics' for drugs interfering with all modes of cancer cell invasion and metastasis, to distinguish this class from conventional cytostatic drugs, which are mainly directed against cell proliferation. We define actin polymerization and contractility as target mechanisms for migrastatics, and review candidate migrastatic drugs. Critical assessment of these antimetastatic agents is warranted, because they may define new options for the treatment of solid cancers.
Use of Biomarkers and Multigene Assays in Breast Cancer
Authors: Lee S. Schwartzberg
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2017)

All patients with early breast cancer should be classified by subgroup through testing estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 status, with or without Ki-67 proliferation percentage. Genomic expression profiling aids clinical decision-making in most patients, because most are estrogen receptor–positive. The commercially available classifiers are prognostic for distant recurrence in node-negative and also node-positive patients. Patients at genomically low risk have excellent 5-year outcomes with endocrine therapy alone. Some assays also predict for benefit from adjuvant endocrine therapy and chemotherapy in node-negative and node-positive patients, but with varying levels of evidence. Genomic classifiers are also prognostic of late relapse and may predict benefit from extended adjuvant endocrine therapy.
Drug Resistance Alters CD38 Expression and in Vitro Response to Daratumumab in Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia Cells
Authors: Aneel Paulus, Sharoon Akhtar, Yamima Bashir, Shumail M. Paulus, Hassan Yousaf, Vivek Roy, Sikander Ailawadhi, Stephen Ansell, Thomas E. Witzig, Asher A. Chanan-Khan
Journal: Blood (2016)
Association of Very Low-Volume Practice With Vascular Surgery Outcomes in New York
Authors: Jialin Mao, Philip Goodney, Jack Cronenwett, Art Sedrakyan
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2017)

Little research has focused on very low-volume surgery, especially in the context of decreasing vascular surgery volume with the adoption of endovascular procedures.To investigate the existence and outcomes of open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (OAR) and carotid endarterectomy (CEA) performed by very low-volume surgeons in New York.This cohort study examined inpatient data of patients undergoing elective OAR or CEA from 2000 to 2014 from all New York hospitals.Surgeons who performed 1 or less designated procedure per year on average were considered very low volume, as opposed to higher-volume surgeons.Temporal trends of the existence of very low-volume practice were evaluated. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to compare in-hospital outcomes and health care resource use between patients treated by very low-volume surgeons and higher-volume surgeons for both OAR and CEA, adjusting for patient, surgeon, and hospital characteristics.There were 8781 OAR procedures and 68 896 CEA procedures included in the study. The mean (SD) patient age was 71.7 (8.4) years for OAR and 71.5 (9.1) years for CEA. A total of 614 surgeons performed OAR and 1071 performed CEA in New York during the study period. Of these, 318 (51.8%) and 512 (47.8%), respectively, were very low-volume surgeons. Very low-volume surgeons were less likely to be vascular surgeons. The number and proportion of very low-volume surgeons decreased over years. Compared with patients treated by higher-volume surgeons, those treated by very low-volume surgeons were more likely to have higher in-hospital mortality (odds ratio [OR], 2.09; 95% CI, 1.41-3.08) following OAR and higher risks of postoperative myocardial infarction (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.03-3.26) and stroke (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.21-2.62) following CEA. Patients treated by very low-volume surgeons also had greater health care resource use following both surgeries, including prolonged length of stay (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.11-1.70) following OAR as well as higher charges (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.01-1.62) and increased 30-day readmission (OR, 1.30; 95% CI 1.04-1.62) following CEA.The OAR and CEA procedures performed by very low-volume surgeons resulted in worse postoperative outcomes and greater lengths of stay. Although the percentage of very low-volume surgeons declined from 2000 to 2014, it remains concerning, given ready access to higher-volume surgeons. Future research is needed to understand the existence of this practice pattern in other surgical fields. Efforts to eliminate this practice pattern are warranted to ensure high-quality care for all patients.
Abortion by telemedicine: an equitable option for Irish women
Authors: Wendy V Norman, Bernard M Dickens
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Reassuring study data support growing calls for reform

Women’s need for abortion is no less in countries where abortion is legally restricted. Globally, a quarter of all pregnancies end in abortion, with higher rates in countries with severe legal restrictions than in countries offering safe legal abortion.1 In 1969 the United Nations affirmed the rights of parents to determine the number and spacing of their children.2 Half a century later a key component of this right is not equitably accessible.

Where abortion is restricted, women who are advantaged in education, income, and influence can access safe abortion through travel and other means. Yet the most vulnerable women, those with the poorest social determinants of health, are faced with limited options: unsafe abortion, suicide, or bearing an unwanted child; outcomes for which they are least resilient and that are most likely to compound their disadvantages. In our increasingly post-geographic society, where internet accessible goods and services transcend traditional borders, early abortion through telemedicine could offer an alternative. In a linked paper, Aiken and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.j2011) report outcomes among women from the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland who self sourced clinician assisted medical abortion.3 In many countries with restrictive laws, some abortion is allowed, but women are denied lawful services because of fears of punishment and clinicians’ conscientious objections. In its ruling on abortion, however, the European Court of Human Rights said that “States …
Incretin-Based Therapies
Authors: Michael. A. Nauck, Tina Vilsbøll, Baptist Gallwitz, Alan Garber, Sten Madsbad
Journal: Diabetes Care (2009)

Incretin mimetics and inhibitors of the protease dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 are new classes of antidiabetic agents first introduced in the years 2005 (exenatide) and 2007 (sitagliptin), respectively. Both use the antidiabetic properties of the incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 (1). This gut-derived peptide hormone not only augments glucose-induced insulin secretion (required to fulfill the definition of an incretin hormone), but does so in a highly glucose-dependent manner (2), thus preventing GLP-1 alone from provoking hypoglycemia. Additional beneficial effects of GLP-1 on endocrine pancreatic islets are that it 1 ) supports the synthesis of proinsulin to replenish insulin stores in β-cells; 2 ) reduces the rate of β-cell apoptosis when islets are incubated in a toxic environment (glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, cytotoxic cytokines); and 3 ) promotes differentiation of precursor cells with the ability to develop into β-cells and proliferation of β-cell lines, and in whole animals (rodent studies), this leads to an increased β-cell mass within a few days or weeks (1,3). Furthermore, GLP-1 can lower glucagon concentrations, i.e., induce α-cells to respond again to the inhibitory action of hyperglycemia, while leaving the counterregulatory glucagon responses undisturbed, as in the case of hypoglycemia (2,4). Additional activities of GLP-1 are the deceleration of gastric emptying (5), which slows the entry of nutrients into the circulation after meals, a reduction in appetite, and earlier induction of satiety (6), leading to weight reduction with chronic exposure (7). Renal effects (promotion of sodium and water excretion (8), as well as neuro- (9) and cardioprotective (10) properties of GLP-1, have also been described. While GLP-1 is perfectly suitable for lowering, or even stabilizing, glucose concentrations in short-term experiments, its short half-life (∼1–2 min for the intact, biologically active form) caused by rapid proteolytic degradation and inactivation through the ubiquitous enzyme DPP-4 and renal elimination (Fig. 1 …
Down-regulation of bbc3, flt1 and gstm3 is associated with lymph node metastases in breast carcinoma
Authors: E. Saavedra Villarroel, J. Gutierrez, C. Risueño, P. Gonzalez, L. Solis, A. Corvalan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

21171 Background: Background: Axillary lymph node metastasis is the most significant marker for the pathologic staging of breast cancer. However a proportion of lymph node-negative breast cancer will develop metastatic disease. Therefore, molecular markers of invasion in these patients are needed Methods: We selected 10 primary breast cancer cases, 5 lymph node-negative (T1N0) and 4 lymph node-positive (T1N1). In these cases we searched for gene expression of 8 genes (bbc3, cegp1, fgf18, flt1, cffm4, gstm3, hec, tgfb3) selected from previous studies as a good candidates for metastasis prediction. A quantitative Real-Time PCR was performed using beta-2- microglobulin gene expression to normalized gene expression of each gene. The expression average of beta-2-microglobulin was 303,291 among T1N0 and 342,533 among T1N1 cases (ratio 0.88). The expression average of these 8 genes was 2.11 and 0.002 at T1N0 and T1N1 respectively (ratio 1,055). At least 3 genes were significantly down-regulated in T1N1 (bbc3, flt1, gstm3) in comparison with T1N1 breast carcinomas Results: Computational analysis reveals that these 3 genes (bbc3, flt1, gstm3) contain CpG islands in their promoter regions. Although preliminary data, we found group of genes that are down-regulated in T1N1 tumor Conclusions: The finding that these genes are epigenetically regulated, suggest that could be a good candidates for metastasis prediction, by methylation approach (MethyLight System). Since this down-regulation occurs in primary tumor, the analysis of these genes might be useful to predict metastasis in lymph node-negative breast cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
The prognostic and therapeutic value of EpHA2 in early colorectal cancer (CRC).
Authors: Sonali Dasgupta, Sandra Van Schaeybroeck, Philip Dunne, Darragh McArt, Cathy Fenning, Chee Wee Ong, Ken Arthur, Manuel Salto-Tellez, Richard H. Wilson, Patrick Johnston
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

3581 Background: EpHA2 is a 130 kD transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to ephrin receptor subfamily and involved in angiogenesis/tumour neovascularisation. High EpHA2 mRNA level has recently been implicated in cetuximab resistance. Previously, we found high EpHA2 levels in a panel of invasive colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, which was associated with high levels of stem-cell marker CD44. Our aim was to investigate the prognostic value of EpHA2 and subsequently correlate expression levels to known clinico-pathological variables in early stage CRC. Methods: Tissue samples from 509 CRC patients were analysed. EpHA2 expression was measured using IHC. Kaplan-Meier graphs were used. Univariate and multivariate analyses employed Cox Proportional Hazards Ratio (HR) method. A backward selection method (Akaike’s information criterion) was used to determine a refined multivariate model. Results: EpHA2 was highly expressed in CRC adenocarcinoma compared to matched normal colon tissue. In support of our preclinical invasive models, strong correlation was found between EpHA2 expression and CD44 and Lgr5 staining (p<0.001). In addition, high EpHA2 expression significantly correlated with vascular invasion (p=0.03).HR for OS for stage II/III patients with high EpHA2 expression was 1.69 (95%CI: 1.164-2.439; p=0.003). When stage II/III was broken down into individual stages, there was significant correlation between high EpHA2 expression and poor 5-years OS in stage II patients (HR: 2.18; 95%CI: 1.28-3.71; p=0.005).HR in the stage III group showed a trend to statistical significance (HR: 1.48; 95%CI=0.87-2.51; p=0.05). In both univariate and multivariate analyses of stage II patients, high EpHA2 expression was the only significant factor and was retained in the final multivariate model. Higher levels of EpHA2 were noted in our RAS and BRAF mutant CRC cells, and silencing EpHA2 resulted in significant decreases in migration/invasion in parental and invasive CRC sublines. Correlation between KRAS/NRAS/BRAFmutational status and EpHA2 expression in clinical samples is ongoing. Conclusions: Taken together, our study is the first to indicate that EpHA2 expression is a predictor of poor clinical outcome and a potential novel target in early stage CRC.
Disease and Therapy Associated Complications of the Central Nervous System after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation - a Significant Proportion of Patients Will Suffer from Permanent Damage
Authors: Sebastian P. Haen, Manfred Zierhut, Nora Mirza, Christoph M. Simon, Andreas Korn, Christoph Faul, Wichard Vogel, Hans-Georg Rammensee, Lothar Kanz, Wolfgang Bethge
Journal: Blood (2016)
Singlet oxygen-responsive micelles for enhanced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Xiaodan Li, Min Gao, Keting Xin, Ling Zhang, Dan Ding, Deling Kong, Zheng Wang, Yang Shi, Fabian Kiessling, Twan Lammers, Jianjun Cheng, Yanjun Zhao
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2017)
The radiosensitization effect of mTOR inhibitior in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
Authors: Yu-Chieh Su, Shih-Kai Hung, Chi-Chia Yu, Ching-Chih Lee, Szu-Chin Li, Hung-Chih Lai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e13585 Background: mTOR plays a critical role in malignant phenotype in many tumors. Everolimus [RAD001 (40-O-(2-hydroxyethyl)-rapamycin)] is a rapamycin rapalog that is being developed as an antitumor agent and is approved for various cancers. Recently, RAD001 has also been reported to increase the radiosensitization following for amplifying the autophagic pathway; however, it could promote an alternative mechanism that leads to apoptosis. In HNSCC, radiation therapy is a common form of cancer treatment, but locoregional recurrence and/or distant metastasis is the most cause of failure after RT and it results in HNSCC significant morbidity. Evidence from previous studies showed that RAD001 enhanced the cytotoxic effects of radiation in HNSCC cell lines. The molecular mechanism of radiosensitization by RAD001 in HNSCC has not cleared.Our aim is to evaluate the role of molecular mechanism of RAD001-mediated radiosensitization in HNSCC. Methods: Radiosensitivity effects of RAD001 were assays on human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines (SCC4 and DuFa). RAD001 (30 and 300 nM)and radiation (0~8 Gy) alone and in combination were evaluated for antitumor activity in the clonogenic assay. Next, we also evaluated the RAD001 on radiation-induced signal transduction by western blot analysis. Results: Here, we show that 300nM RAD001 plus 6 Gy cohort with significant HNSCC cell line growth suppression compared to 6 Gy alone (p=0.004) or 30n MRAD001 plus 6 Gy (p=0.008). RAD001 treatment effectively reduces mTOR downstream effector p-S6 protein compared with the vehicle or irradiated alone. RAD001 + 6 Gy significantly increases p53 and PARP cleavage, which facilitates apoptosis. Unexpectedly, autophagy pathway, such as beclin 1 and LC3II were not affected by RAD001. Addiationlly, we discover that Akt phosphorylation (Ser473) is up-regulated after RAD001/and irradiation of HNSCC cells. Conclusions: These findings suggest radiosensitization by the RAD001 involves the induction of apoptosis in HNSCC. Notwithstanding, Akt signaling is increased under RAD001 and it could attenuate anticancer efficacy instead, contribute to the development of resistance.
非典型的過形成を有する女性における乳癌リスク予測におけるTyrer-Cuzick(国際乳癌介入試験)モデルの評価
Authors: C Boughey Judy, C Hartmann Lynn, S Anderson Stephanie, C Degnim Amy, A Vierkant Robert, A Reynolds Carol, H Frost Marlene, Pankratz V. Shane
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2010)
ANOREXIA NERVOSA AND BULIMIA
Authors: K A Halmi
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (1987)

CD40 is a cell-surface member of the TNF (tumor necrosis factor) receptor superfamily. Upon activation, CD40 can license dendritic cells to promote antitumor T cell activation and re-educate macrophages to destroy tumor stroma. Numerous agonist CD40 ...Read More