tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vaginal epidermal dendritic cells: defense against HIV-1 or a safe haven?
Authors: Stephan Caucheteux, Vincent Piguet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2018)

Langerhans cells (LCs) are likely among the first targets of HIV-1 infection due to their localization in mucosal tissues. In their recent work, Pena-Cruz and colleagues were able to study HIV-1 infection in vaginal epithelial DCs (VEDCs), termed CD1a+ VEDCs. They show that VEDCs are distinct from other blood- and tissue-derived DCs or LCs because they express the protein langerin but not the lectin receptor DC-SIGN, and they do not have Birbeck granules. The results from this study indicate that HIV-1 using CXCR4 replicates poorly in VEDCs but that a higher replication for HIV-1 using CCR5 strains is supported by VDECs. Furthermore, Pena-Cruz and colleagues demonstrate that VDECs can represent a viral reservoir in HIV-1-infected virologically suppressed women. As such, VDECs may represent another sanctuary of viral persistence and can be an additional obstacle to viral eradication.
Cumplimiento de los indicadores de calidad de la colonoscopia
Authors: C Mangas Sanjuán, E Santana Rocamora, R Jover Martínez
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

La colonoscopia desempeña un papel fundamental en la prevención y diagnóstico del cáncer colorrectal (CCR), y la calidad de la misma influye en el cáncer de intervalo. Existe poca información sobre el cumplimiento de los estándares de calidad en nuestro entorno.
EUS-GUIDED DRAINAGE OF PANCREATIC COLLECTIONS: A SINGLE-CENTER EXPERIENCE
Authors: P Macinga, K Poc, P Stirand, P Wohl, P Drastich, J Martinek, P Taimr, V Nosek, J Spicak, T Hucl
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

To assess the efficiency and complication rates of EUS-guided drainage of pancreatic collections in a tertiary center.
DBE-ERCP, DIRECT CHOLANGIOSCOPY WITH LITHOTRIPSY AND OVERTUBE-ASSISTED PLACEMENT OF A METAL STENT INTO THE BILE DUCT OF A PATIENT WITH SURGICALLY ALTERED UPPER GI ANATOMY
Authors: K Mönkemüller, A Martínez-Alcalá García, I Jovanovic, H Neumann
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

An octogenarian female with complex post-surgical upper GI anatomy and recalcitrant choledocholithiasis underwent double-balloon ERCP to clear the bile duct, which was dilated, tortuous and distally stenotic. A sphincteroplasty using a 15 mm CRE balloon was performed. Then a successful electrohydraulic lithotripsy (EHL) was delivered through an ultraslim gastroscope, which had been advanced into the bile duct through the overtube. After EHL large amounts of sludge and stones could be removed. Nevertheless, complete clearance of the stones was unobtainable and the decision was made to place a 10 mm diameter, 60 mm long fully covered SEMS. The stent delivery system diameter was too large for the working channel of either an enteroscope or gastroscope. Therefore, a biliary guidewire was delivered deep into the bile duct system through the gastroscope, then the scope was exchanged, leaving the overtube and wire in place. A stent was subsequently placed over the guidewire, using the overtube, which served as a “large diameter-working channel”. Advancement and release of the stent was done under fluoroscopic control. After removal of the guidewire and delivery system, the enteroscope was passed through the overtube, still in place, and the stent was directly visualized in the correct location with outflow of sludge, bile, and contrast. The patient had an uneventful recovery and the SEMS was removed six months later, with resolution of the chledocolithiasis and distal CBD stricture. This case exemplifies a case of extreme ERCP, were multiple scopes and devices were mandatory to solve a complex biliary problem. We believe that the multiple techniques portrayed in this this case are useful, and may enhance the therapeutic arsenal of the biliary endoscopist.
Abstract 10385: A Newly Developed Technique of Synchrotron Radiation Coronary Micro-angiography in an In-vivo Rat
Authors: Hiroaki Sakamoto, Shonosuke Matsushita, Kazuyuki Hyodo, Chiho Tokunaga, Fujio Sato, Misao Kubota, Kenkichi Tanioka, Yuji Hiramatsu, Yuzuru Sakakibara
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: The conventional angiography can visualize the 300 um diameter coronary artery, but not the proliferations of collateral arteries in ischemic heart disease and of new blood vessels in r...
Pathologic features of response to neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 in resected non-small-cell lung carcinoma: a proposal for quantitative immune-related pathologic response criteria (irPRC)
Authors: T.R. Cottrell, E.D. Thompson, P.M. Forde, J.E. Stein, A.S. Duffield, V. Anagnostou, N. Rekhtman, R.A. Anders, J.D. Cuda, P.B. Illei, E. Gabrielson, F.B. Askin, N. Niknafs, K.N. Smith, M.J. Velez, J.L. Sauter, J.M. Isbell, D.R. Jones, R.J. Battafarano, S.C. Yang, L. Danilova, J.D. Wolchok, S.L. Topalian, V.E. Velculescu, D.M. Pardoll, J.R. Brahmer, M.D. Hellmann, J.E. Chaft, A. Cimino-Mathews, J.M. Taube
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 may improve outcomes for patients with resectable NSCLC and provides a critical window for examining pathologic features associated with response. Resections showing major pathologic response to neoadjuvant therapy, defined as ≤10% residual viable tumor (RVT), may predict improved long-term patient outcome. However, %RVT calculations were developed in the context of chemotherapy (%cRVT). An immune-related %RVT (%irRVT) has yet to be developed.The first trial of neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 (nivolumab, NCT02259621) was just reported. We analyzed hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides from the post-treatment resection specimens of the 20 patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma who underwent definitive surgery. Pretreatment tumor biopsies and preresection radiographic 'tumor' measurements were also assessed.We found that the regression bed (the area of immune-mediated tumor clearance) accounts for the previously noted discrepancy between CT imaging and pathologic assessment of residual tumor. The regression bed is characterized by (i) immune activation-dense tumor infiltrating lymphocytes with macrophages and tertiary lymphoid structures; (ii) massive tumor cell death-cholesterol clefts; and (iii) tissue repair-neovascularization and proliferative fibrosis (each feature enriched in major pathologic responders versus nonresponders, P < 0.05). This distinct constellation of histologic findings was not identified in any pretreatment specimens. Histopathologic features of the regression bed were used to develop 'Immune-Related Pathologic Response Criteria' (irPRC), and these criteria were shown to be reproducible amongst pathologists. Specifically, %irRVT had improved interobserver consistency compared with %cRVT [median per-case %RVT variability 5% (0%-29%) versus 10% (0%-58%), P = 0.007] and a twofold decrease in median standard deviation across pathologists within a sample (4.6 versus 2.2, P = 0.002).irPRC may be used to standardize pathologic assessment of immunotherapeutic efficacy. Long-term follow-up is needed to determine irPRC reliability as a surrogate for recurrence-free and overall survival.
CRISPR-enhanced engineering of therapy-sensitive cancer cells for self-targeting of primary and metastatic tumors
Authors: Clemens Reinshagen, Deepak Bhere, Sung Hugh Choi, Stefan Hutten, Irina Nesterenko, Hiroaki Wakimoto, Eloi Le Roux, Alia Rizvi, Wanlu Du, Charles Minicucci, Khalid Shah
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2018)

CRISPR-engineered receptor-specific self-targeted tumor cells demonstrate antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo.
Risks of ovarian, breast, and corpus uteri cancer in women treated with assisted reproductive technology in Great Britain, 1991-2010: data linkage study including 2.2 million person years of observation
Authors: Carrie L Williams, Michael E Jones, Anthony J Swerdlow, Beverley J Botting, Melanie C Davies, Ian Jacobs, Kathryn J Bunch, Michael F G Murphy, Alastair G Sutcliffe
Journal: BMJ (2018)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the risks of ovarian, breast, and corpus uteri cancer in women who have had assisted reproduction. <h3>Design</h3> Large, population based, data linkage cohort study. <h3>Setting and participants</h3> All women who had assisted reproduction in Great Britain, 1991-2010, as recorded by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA). <h3>Interventions</h3> HFEA fertility records for cohort members were linked to national cancer registrations. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> Observed first diagnosis of ovarian, breast, and corpus uteri cancer in cohort members were compared with age, sex, and period specific expectation. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated by use of age, sex, and period specific national incidence rates. <h3>Results</h3> 255 786 women contributed 2 257 789 person years' follow-up. No significant increased risk of corpus uteri cancer (164 cancers observed <i>v</i> 146.9 cancers expected; SIR 1.12, 95% confidence interval 0.95 to 1.30) was found during an average of 8.8 years' follow-up. This study found no significantly increased risks of breast cancer overall (2578 <i>v</i> 2641.2; SIR 0.98, 0.94 to 1.01) or invasive breast cancer (2272 <i>v</i> 2371.4; SIR 0.96, 0.92 to 1.00). An increased risk of in situ breast cancer (291 <i>v</i> 253.5; SIR 1.15, 1.02 to 1.29; absolute excess risk (AER) 1.7 cases per 100 000 person years, 95% confidence interval 0.2 to 3.2) was detected, associated with an increasing number of treatment cycles (P=0.03). There was an increased risk of ovarian cancer (405 <i>v</i> 291.82; SIR 1.39, 1.26 to 1.53; AER 5.0 cases per 100 000 person years, 3.3 to 6.9), both invasive (264 <i>v</i> 188.1; SIR 1.40, 1.24 to 1.58; AER 3.4 cases per 100 000 person years, 2.0 to 4.9) and borderline (141 <i>v</i> 103.7; SIR 1.36, 1.15 to 1.60; AER 1.7 cases per 100 000 person years, 0.7 to 2.8). Increased risks of ovarian tumours were limited to women with endometriosis, low parity, or both. This study found no increased risk of any ovarian tumour in women treated because of only male factor or unexplained infertility. <h3>Conclusions</h3> No increased risk of corpus uteri or invasive breast cancer was detected in women who had had assisted reproduction, but increased risks of in situ breast cancer and invasive and borderline ovarian tumours were found in this study. Our results suggest that ovarian tumour risks could be due to patient characteristics, rather than assisted reproduction itself, although both surveillance bias and the effect of treatment are also possibilities. Ongoing monitoring of this population is essential.
Epigenetic regulation in development: is the mouse a good model for the human?
Authors: Courtney W Hanna, Hannah Demond, Gavin Kelsey
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2018)

Over the past few years, advances in molecular technologies have allowed unprecedented mapping of epigenetic modifications in gametes and during early embryonic development. This work is allowing a detailed genomic analysis, which for the first time can answer long-standing questions about epigenetic regulation and reprogramming, and highlights differences between mouse and human, the implications of which are only beginning to be explored. In this review, we summarise new low-cell molecular methods enabling the interrogation of epigenetic information in gametes and early embryos, the mechanistic insights these have provided, and contrast the findings in mouse and human. Relevant studies were identified by PubMed search. We discuss the levels of epigenetic regulation, from DNA modifications to chromatin organisation, during mouse gametogenesis, fertilisation and pre- and post-implantation development. The recently characterised features of the oocyte epigenome highlight its exceptionally unique regulatory landscape. The chromatin organisation and epigenetic landscape of both gametic genomes are rapidly reprogrammed after fertilisation. This extensive epigenetic remodelling is necessary for zygotic genome activation, but the mechanistic link remains unclear. While the vast majority of epigenetic information from the gametes is erased in pre-implantation development, new insights suggest that repressive histone modifications from the oocyte may mediate a novel mechanism of imprinting. To date, the characterisation of epigenetics in human development has been almost exclusively limited to DNA methylation profiling; these data reinforce that the global dynamics are conserved between mouse and human. However, as we look closer, it is becoming apparent that the mechanisms regulating these dynamics are distinct. These early findings emphasise the importance of investigations of fundamental epigenetic mechanisms in both mouse and humans. Failures in epigenetic regulation have been implicated in human disease and infertility. With increasing maternal age and use of reproductive technologies in countries all over the world, it is becoming ever more important to understand the necessary processes required to establish a developmentally competent embryo. Furthermore, it is essential to evaluate the extent to which these epigenetic patterns are sensitive to such technologies and other adverse environmental exposures.
Manejo de fístulas biliares post-quirúrgicas mediante CPRE: Experiencia en nuestro centro
Authors: J Gotor Delso, S Frago Larramona, P Sanz Segura, P García Cámara, J Val Perez, E Sierra Moros, R Uribarrena Amezaga
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

La presencia de fuga biliar tras cirugía hepatobiliar es una complicación relativamente frecuente, con una incidencia que varía del 0,1% al 3% en colecistectomía y hasta el 15% en hepatectomías. La mayoría de estas casos pueden ser manejados de forma endoscópica, consiguiendo evitar cirugía en muchos casos.
ADMINISTRATION OF MUCOLYTIC SOLUTION BEFORE UPPER ENDOSCOPY – A DOUBLE-BLIND, RANDOMISED STUDY
Authors: M Hanousek, P Falt, B Pipek, M Stepan, P Fojtik, M Hill, O Urban
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Upper endoscopy is a basic examination of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. Visibility of the mucosa is pivotal for successful diagnosis, especially of early neoplastic lesions. The data on possible effect of the mucolytics administered before the examination are limited. Our trial was designed to evaluate effect of mucolytic solution on mucosal visibility during upper endoscopy.
Response to: ‘Use of dual-energy CT to detect and depict bone marrow oedema in rheumatoid arthritis: is it ready to substitute MRI?’ by Wu<i>et al</i>
Authors: Lennart Jans, Isabelle De Kock, Nele Herregods, Koenraad L Verstraete, Filip E Van den Bosch, Philippe Carron, Edwin H Oei, Dirk Elewaut, Peggy Jacques
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

Response to: 'The use of dual-energy CT to detect and depict bone marrow oedema in rheumatoid arthritis: is it ready to substitute MRI?' by Wu et alWe wish to thank the authors for their interest in our paper. 1e agree that the corresponding dual-energy CT (DECT) and MRIs in the published paper 2 show a certain degree of visual discrepancy.However, when comparing the two imaging modalities on a single slice, discrepancies may occur due to differences in the imaging plane, slice thickness, postprocessing, as well as differences between both techniques to detect a certain feature.In our study, a global evaluation of all slices in all available planes was performed.It is recognised that recording bone marrow oedema (BME) on a single slice is a potential pitfall.This is why imaging in two planes and the presence of BME on two consecutive slides 3 are mandatory in the assessment of BME.It remains challenging to determine the exact outline of BME in MRI and DECT alike.MRI became the gold standard simply because no other technique was available.Based on our experience, BME is ill-defined on MRI as well.This is reflected in the rheumatoid arthritis MRI scoring system (RAMRIS) scoring system for BME on MRI, where the scale is 0-3 based on the proportion of bone with oedema, as follows-0: no oedema; 1: 1%-33% of bone oedematous; 2: 34%-66% of bone oedematous; and 3: 67%-100%. 4e agree that small pockets of BME directly adjacent to the cortex may be difficult to depict on DECT.In our paper, we stated that the currently poor spatial resolution makes quantification of BME difficult.We also agree that DECT for detection of BME is best performing when the red bone marrow is entirely replaced by fat. 5 Hence, our study group of subjects with RA and a mean age of 60.7 was ideal for DECT as red bone marrow is no longer present in the hand and wrist of these patients.As already stated in our paper, we acknowledge that a major limitation of our study is the small number of positive bones in this exploratory analysis, which may be due to the inclusion of patients who received treatment at the time of the scans.Large qualitative and quantitative analysis studies are mandatory for validation of this new technology before it can be applied to research or clinical practice.Our study showed that DECT is a new technique that enables detection and depiction of BME in RA.DECT is a fast, cheap and accessible potential imaging modality for detection of BME in RA with superb visualisation of structural lesions, but further research is required before it can substitute MRI.
Letter to the editor: Applying incidence-based disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) disease burden estimates to foster change in national vaccination policy, Slovenia, 2017 to 2018
Authors: Mario Fafangel, Marta Grgič Vitek, Irena Klavs
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2018)

Preview this article: Letter to the editor: Applying incidence-based disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) disease burden estimates to foster change in national vaccination policy, Slovenia, 2017 to 2018, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/23/27/eurosurv-23-27-4-1.gif
Abstract 15284: Blessing in Disguise: Absent Pulmonary Valve in an Adult Without Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: Bhaskar Arora, Shailendra Upadhyay, Olga Toro-Salazar, Jason Gluck, Immad Sadiq, Joseph Radojevic, Arun Agarwal, Kelly Skarzynski, Konstadina Darsaklis
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Congenital absence of the pulmonary valve (APV) is a rare cardiac malformation. Adults with this condition generally need corrective surgery before the age of 20. We report a unique case of an isolated APV in a Jamaican female who remained asymptomatic until presentation at the age of 39. Case: Patient presented to a local cardiologist with recent onset of NYHA II symptoms and atrial fibrillation. Her cardiovascular exam revealed a right ventricular (RV) heave , III/VI holosystolic murmur along right lower sternal border, III/VI early diastolic murmur in pulmonic area, no clinical signs of right heart failure (RHF). Diagnostics: An echocardiogram showed dilated RV outflow tract, APV, dilated main pulmonary artery (MPA) and severe pulmonary regurgitation (PR) (Figure 1A). RV size and function were quantified with cardiac MRI demonstrating RV end diastolic volume: 340 ml/m2 (Z score 11.9) and RVEF: 46% ( Z score -2.8) (Figure 1B). Flow data of the MPA showed a flow of 4.9L/min, severe PR with a regurgitant fraction of 48% and Qp/Qs of 1.1:1 (Figure 1C). Right heart catheterization demonstrated equalization of diastolic pressure in both RV and PA (52/10 mm Hg) diagnostic of free PR. (Figure 1D). Mean PA pressure was 24 mm Hg and pulmonary vascular resistance was 3 wu. On cardiopulmonary stress testing, the patient completed 10.6 METS, achieving a peak VO2 of 18.5 ml/kg/min at RER 1.1. Discussion: APV is commonly categorized as with or without ventricular septal defect (VSD). APV with VSD is commonly associated with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). The distinguishing features from TOF are: unobstructed RV infundibulum and aneurysmally dilated PA. APV in its severe form presents in infancy with severe respiratory distress from bronchial obstruction caused by massively dilated PAs. Isolated APV (non VSD type) is a rare variant. Our report is the first in literature to illustrate isolated APV in an asymptomatic adult approaching the fourth decade of her life.
Generic inhalers for asthma
Authors: G. Strube
Journal: BMJ (1995)

continue to have the right and opportunity to make a subsequent attempt at suicide.We do not suggest that any method of interpreting principles that may be relevant in a volunteer based organisation would be transferable to the clinical domain, but we believe that when in doubt we should err on the side of life.Each situation will be different and will need careful and sensitive assessment (in so far as time and the circumstances permit).Nobody, however, can escape from the fact that death is for ever.
A Parallel Universe of Clinical Trials
Authors: Bernard Lo
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Interview with Dr. Bernard Lo on a herpes vaccine trial that reportedly flouted established protections for research participants. (06:56)Download A recent trial of a herpes simplex vaccine opens a window into a parallel universe that spurns the current system of clinical trial oversight. Advocates of evidence-based standards for new therapies need to respond somehow to the concerns that lead patients to seek untested therapies.
DIFFERENCES IN ENDOSCOPIC FINDINGS BETWEEN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY GASTRIC LYMPHOMA
Authors: K Jung, MI Park, SJ Park, W Moon, SE Kim, JH Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Gastric lymphoma occupies about 5% of gastric malignancy and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is most common type of primary gastric lymphoma. Since endoscopic findings of gastric lymphoma are ambiguous and diverse, it is not easy to distinguish from gastric adenocarcinoma. Moreover, it is more difficult to distinguish between primary gastric lymphoma and gastric involvement of lymphoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and endoscopic features and differences of primary gastric lymphoma and gastric involvement of lymphoma.
Clarification of the FDA Accelerated Agnostic Approval of Pembrolizumab and the Opportunities Arising From the Required Confirmatory Studies
Authors: Steven Sorscher
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2018)

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Curva de aprendizaje en disección submucosa endoscópica colorrectal (DSE-CR): ¿Podemos predecir el riesgo de no hacer una técnica óptima?
Authors: F Ramos-Zabala, L Moreno-Almazán, JM Cárdenas-Rebollo, A Domínguez-Pino, FJ Pérez-Rodríguez, C Gil-Páez, E Gento-Peña, M García-Mayor, A Alzina-Pérez, J Vásquez-Guerrero
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

La DSE-CR tiene una larga curva de aprendizaje en países occidentales. Realizar una técnica óptima con resección en bloque y sin complicación no es fácil en la iniciación. Generalmente en la curva de aprendizaje se seleccionan las lesiones con menos dificultad para iniciarse en la técnica.