tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preventing Brain Injury After Cardiopulmonary Bypass Will Require More Than Just Dialing Up the Pressure
Authors: Albert T. Cheung, Steven R. Messé
Journal: Circulation (2018)

rain injury remains an important and potentially preventable complication of cardiac surgery.Although clinically overt strokes occur in a minority of patients, studies using frequent neurological assessments after surgery have found a much higher rate than had been previously appreciated. 1Even more commonly, patients manifest nonfocal or nonspecific neurological signs and symptoms of brain dysfunction such as encephalopathy, seizure, delirium, or postoperative cognitive impairment, at least some of which are also attributable to acute infarct.Recent investigations using perioperative magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) have demonstrated that cerebral infarction is frequently present after cardiac operations and interventions even in the absence of overt stroke. 1,2hese findings have led a research consortium guideline to recommend combining neurological examinations, neurocognitive testing, and brain imaging in clinical trials designed to assess neurological outcomes after cardiac procedures to fully characterize the incidence, severity, and clinical sequelae of perioperative brain injury. 3erioperative cerebral infarction associated with cardiac operations can be attributed to preexisting vascular disease, transient hypercoagulability, procedurerelated thromboembolism, hypoperfusion, or a combination of these factors.Among these mechanisms, hypoperfusion stands out as an obvious modifiable risk factor.Early observational studies found an association between the incidence and severity of postoperative brain damage and low mean arterial pressure (MAP) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). 4,5Subsequent brain imaging studies suggested that up to 48% of cardiac surgical patients with postoperative stroke had infarction in the watershed regions of the brain and that hypotension was a risk factor for stroke. 6Furthermore, although thromboembolism is an important mechanism for stroke, hypotension may exacerbate these injuries by impairing "washout" or clearance of microemboli. 7However, randomized controlled studies 8-10 and observational studies 11,12 have yielded inconclusive or conflicting results on the effect of MAP on outcomes, possibly because neurodiagnostic imaging was not among the primary end points.In the PPCI (Perfusion Pressure Cerebral Infarcts) trial reported by Vedel et al 13 in this issue of Circulation, the investigators sought to answer whether increasing MAP with vasoconstrictors during CPB was effective for preventing perioperative cerebral infarction.The study methodology and end points were generally adherent to the recent neurological Academic Research Consortium's recommendations to capture the full spectrum of neurovascular injuries that occur during cardiovascular procedures. 3Patients were tested for both overt stroke with neurological examinations and covert brain injury with DWI, as well as neurocognitive testing to detect postoperative decline.With this comprehensive approach, their findings
Phospholipid signaling in innate immune cells
Authors: Valerie B. O’Donnell, Jamie Rossjohn, Michael J.O. Wakelam
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2018)

Phospholipids comprise a large body of lipids that define cells and organelles by forming membrane structures. Importantly, their complex metabolism represents a highly controlled cellular signaling network that is essential for mounting an effective innate immune response. Phospholipids in innate cells are subject to dynamic regulation by enzymes, whose activities are highly responsive to activation status. Along with their metabolic products, they regulate multiple aspects of innate immune cell biology, including shape change, aggregation, blood clotting, and degranulation. Phospholipid hydrolysis provides substrates for cell-cell communication, enables regulation of hemostasis, immunity, thrombosis, and vascular inflammation, and is centrally important in cardiovascular disease and associated comorbidities. Phospholipids themselves are also recognized by innate-like T cells, which are considered essential for recognition of infection or cancer, as well as self-antigens. This Review describes the major phospholipid metabolic pathways present in innate immune cells and summarizes the formation and metabolism of phospholipids as well as their emerging roles in cell biology and disease.
233High-intensity interval exercise attenuates cardiac remodelling in type-2 diabetes possibly through microRNAs restoration
Authors: JKS Lew, J T Pearson, R Katare, D O Schwenke
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)

pharmacological inhibition of the inositol triphosphate (IP3)-activated calcium channel or the mitochondrial calcium uniporter.Gain of function studies confirm that myocardin can desensitize myocytes to permeability transition elicited by protein kinase-A (PKA) activating agents by opposing SR calcium release.Furthermore, restoring microRNA-133a function with mimicking oligonucleotides, or knockdown of Nix rescues mitochondrial calcium accumulation induced by myocardin knockdown.Molecular studies using Nix constructs targeted to the SR or mitochondria revealed that only SR-targeted Nix leads to mitochondrial calcium accumulation, which could be attenuated by SR-targeted Bcl-2, but not mitochondrial-targeted Bcl-2.Finally, we observed reduced myocardin expression in vivo within the infarction border zone following coronary ligation in rodents, with corresponding reduced microRNA-133a and elevated Nix expression.These findings identify a novel myocardin-regulated genetic pathway that maintains cardiomyocyte calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial function during development, and is attenuated during ischemic heart disease.
Transcription factor ID2 prevents E proteins from enforcing a naïve T lymphocyte gene program during NK cell development
Authors: Erin C. Zook, Zhong-Yin Li, Yiying Xu, Renée F. de Pooter, Mihalis Verykokakis, Aimee Beaulieu, Anna Lasorella, Mark Maienschein-Cline, Joseph C. Sun, Mikael Sigvardsson, Barbara L. Kee
Journal: Science Immunology (2018)

NK cell maturation depends on transcription factor ID2 blocking acquisition of a naïve T cell gene program.
Targeted Deep Sequencing of GATA1 more Sensitively Identifies Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder in Neonates with Down Syndrome
Authors: Bianca F Goemans, Sanne Noort, Marjolein Blink, Ko van Wouwe, Gertjan J.L. Kaspers, Valerie de Haas, Wouter J.W. Kollen, Vincent van der Velden, Tanja A. Gruber, Michel Zwaan
Journal: Blood (2017)
Redefining Quality Measurement in Cancer Care
Authors: Elizabeth A. Nardi, James McCanney, Katy Winckworth-Prejsnar, Alyssa A. Schatz, Kerin Adelson, Marcus Neubauer, Mary Lou Smith, Ronald Walters, Robert W. Carlson
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2018)

Quality measurement in oncology is increasing in significance as payment schemes shift from volume to value. As demand for quality measures increases, challenges in the development of quality measures, standardization across measures, and the limitations of health information technology have become apparent. Moreover, the time and financial burden associated with developing, tracking, and reporting quality measures are substantial. Despite these challenges, best practices and leaders in the field of quality measurement in oncology have emerged. To understand the current challenges and promising practices in quality measurement and to explore future considerations for measure development and measure reporting in oncology, NCCN convened the NCCN Policy Summit: Redefining Quality Measurement in Oncology. The summit included discussion of the current quality landscape and efforts to develop quality measures, use of quality measures in various programs, patient perspective of quality, and challenges and best practices for quality reporting.
Abstract 19808: Characterization of Myocardial and Serum Levels of Phosphodiesterase 9A in Patients With Heart Failure - Relation to Left Atrial Size and Right Ventricular Function
Authors: Christian Besler, Karl-Philipp Rommel, Andreas Burkert, Maximilian von Roeder, Axel Linke, Gerhard Schuler, Volker Adams, Philipp Lurz
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Aims: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) remains a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in clinical cardiology. Intense research currently aims to identify mediators relev...
P575Regulation of purinergic signaling in response to arterial injury
Authors: A Golovkin, A Fedorov, A Hamsten, P Eriksson, U Hedin, A Razuvaev, A Kostareva
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)

Introduction: Cell damage causes the release of a significant amount of ATP and subsequent activation of purinergic system.Purinergic signaling is involved in the regulation of a variety of physiological processes, including inflammation, cell proliferation and migration.A specific set of activated pathways is mainly determined by the expression of target receptors and ectonucleotidases, which regulate levels of extracellular ATP and its metabolic products, primarily adenosine.Clarification of the role of purinergic signaling in the vascular wall response to injury is important for understanding of the fine mechanisms of atherosclerotic plaque formation and restenosis development.Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine temporal expression profiles of genes involved in purinergic signaling during the healing response to arterial injury in rat.Methods: Total RNA was isolated from the rat carotid arteries at seven timepoints ranging from 2 hours to 12 weeks after balloon injury.Transcriptome profiling was performed using microarrays.Results: Several ectonucleotidases, participating in the balance of extracellular ATP and its metabolic products, showed differential expression.In particular, CD39 catabolizing pro-inflammatory ATP to ADP and AMP, decreased from 20 hours of observation.CD73, which metabolizes AMP to anti-inflammatory adenosine, and adenosine deaminase, which destructs extracellular adenosine, increased at 20 hours and remain upregulated until day 2 and day 5, respectively.Several purinergic receptors of ATP and ADP from P2X and P2Y families demonstrate differential expression.Specifically, P2X1, known as regulator of vSMC contractile phenotype, decreased from 20 hours of observation, while P2Y2 and P2Y6, known as regulators of vSMC synthetic phenotype, upregulated immediately after injury.Low-affinity adenosine receptors A2b and A3 were upregulated from day 2 to day 5. Several downstream targets of purinergic signaling also showed differential expression.Among them protein kinase A, involved in vSMC proliferation, and genes associated with inflammatory response -NLRP3 subunit of inflammasome and its targets IL1b and IL18, as well as adhesion molecules ICAM1 and VCAM1.Conclusions: Analysis of time-course expression profiles demonstrated that purinergic signaling pathways are dynamically controlled at mRNA level in rat carotid artery balloon injury model.This indicates the potential involvement of purinergic signaling in the regulation of local inflammation and vSMC phenotype during response to vascular injury.
Recurrent Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Strokes in a Young Adult
Authors: Eva A. Rocha, Aneesh B. Singhal
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Antiviral treatment of hepatitis C improves glucose metabolism along the entire spectrum from normal glucose tolerance to diabetes
Authors: A. Gualerzi, M. Bellan, S. Bianco, M.T. Minh, C. Smirne, R. Bonometti, A. Re, S. Favretto, R. Minisini, G.P. Carnevale-Schianca, M. Pirisi
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Simultaneous Blood Glucose Monitoring During Gastric-Emptying Scintigraphy May Identify Unsuspected Abnormalities
Authors: Nathan E. McWhorter, Leen Abazid, Brandon C. Gorzell, Jane L. Lynch, Umber A. Salman, Darlene F. Metter, William T. Phillips
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

A retrospective study of 197 patients was performed to evaluate utility of simultaneous fingerstick glucose monitoring during standardized solid meal gastric-emptying scintigraphy (GES). We hypothesized the unlabeled carbohydrate components of the standardized meal often empty at different rates than the labeled egg protein component and that simultaneous glucose monitoring may identify rapid carbohydrate gastric emptying.Patients were classified as normal, rapid, or delayed gastric emptying from the standardized solid egg meal GES criteria. Further subcategorization was made based on postprandial glycemic excursions above baseline at 30/60 minutes and was delineated as elevated (>75 mg/>85 mg/dL), normal, or diminished (<30 mg/dL) glucose excursion.Of the 197 patients, solid gastric-emptying rates for 105 were normal, delayed in 54, and rapid in 25 patients, and 13 patients had initially delayed emptying 1 or 2 hours with normal emptying by 4 hours. Of the 105 patients with normal gastric emptying, 58 had elevated, 47 normal, and none had diminished glucose excursions. Of the 54 patients with delayed gastric emptying, 26 had elevated, 16 had normal, and 12 had diminished glucose excursions. Nine patients with normal or delayed gastric emptying but elevated glycemic excursions returned for a liquid glucose GES. In contrast to their standardized GES results, all 9 had rapid emptying with elevated glycemic excursions.Simultaneous blood glucose monitoring with standardized GES protocols may provide a marker for contradictory findings of rapid gastric emptying of the unlabeled carbohydrate component in the standardized meal and may contribute to unexplained postprandial gastrointestinal symptoms. The additional insights provided by fingerstick glucose monitoring are inexpensive, easy to perform and may provide for new approaches to management of patient's gastrointestinal symptoms.
Scottish medical schools attract more students from disadvantaged backgrounds
Authors: Bryan Christie
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Scotland’s medical schools have been praised by the General Medical Council for their efforts in attracting more students from disadvantaged backgrounds to train as doctors.1

There has long been concern that the majority of applicants to medical school come from the wealthiest backgrounds and the GMC has recognised the attempts being made in Scotland to widen access.

All five Scottish medical schools participate in the Reach Scotland programme which gives information, advice, and guidance to school students from the most deprived communities. This includes taster sessions, student experience days, …
Rigor in Quality Improvement Studies and the Role of Time-Series Methodologies—Reply
Authors: Patrick G. O’Malley, Rita F. Redberg, Deborah Grady
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Preoperative van Willebrand factor is a predictor for early recurrence and overall survival in patients undergoing liver resection for oncological entities
Authors: D. Pereyra, R. Baumgartner, A. Padickakudy, C. Schuetz, S. Haegele, P. Jonas, C. Brostjan, T. Grünberger, P. Starlinger
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Unexpected Vesicoureteral Reflux Into a Nonfunctioning Transplant Kidney on Renal Scintigraphy
Authors: Adam Cruz, Daniel J. Wale, Ka Kit Wong, Brett M. Arnkoff, Benjamin L. Viglianti
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

Vesicoureteral reflux after renal transplantation is associated with increase risk of urinary tract infections, renal scarring, and graft failure. We describe a case of a 46-year-old woman with 2 transplant kidneys, one functioning and another nonfunctioning, presenting with pelvic pain after a bilateral periureteral bulking procedure. Diuretic renography was performed to exclude iatrogenic ureteral obstruction. This showed a normally functioning transplant kidney without obstruction and subsequent vesicoureteral reflux into the collecting system of the nonfunctioning transplant kidney. This inadvertent indirect nuclear cystogram illustrates an unusual imaging presentation of a common disease process requiring further treatment.
Psychopathology prior to critical illness and the risk of delirium onset during intensive care unit stay
Authors: Ayesha Sajjad, Annemiek E. Wolters, Dieuwke S. Veldhuijzen, Linda M. Peelen, Maartje C. Welling, Irene J. Zaal, Diederik van Dijk, Arjen J. C. Slooter
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2018)
Identification and Validation of Radiographic Enhancement for Reliable Differentiation of CD117(+) Benign Renal Oncocytoma and Chromophobe Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jay Amin, Bo Xu, Shervin Badkhshan, Terrance T. Creighton, Daniel Abbotoy, Christine Murekeyisoni, Kristopher M. Attwood, Thomas Schwaab, Craig Hendler, Michael Petroziello, Charles L. Roche, Eric C. Kauffman
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Purpose: The diagnostic differential for CD117/KIT(+) oncocytic renal tumor biopsies is limited to benign renal oncocytoma versus chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC); however, further differentiation is often challenging and requires surgical resection. We investigated clinical variables that might improve preoperative differentiation of CD117(+) renal oncocytoma versus ChRCC to avoid the need for benign tumor resection. Experimental Design: A total of 124 nephrectomy patients from a single institute with 133 renal oncocytoma or ChRCC tumors were studied. Patients from 2003 to 2012 comprised a retrospective cohort to identify clinical/radiographic variables associated with renal oncocytoma versus ChRCC. Prospective validation was performed among consecutive renal oncocytoma/ChRCC tumors resected from 2013 to 2017. Results: Tumor size and younger age were associated with ChRCC, and multifocality with renal oncocytoma; however, the most reliable variable for ChRCC versus renal oncocytoma differentiation was the tumor:cortex peak early-phase enhancement ratio (PEER) using multiphase CT. Among 54 PEER-evaluable tumors in the retrospective cohort [19 CD117(+), 13 CD117(−), 22 CD117-untested], PEER classified each correctly as renal oncocytoma (PEER &amp;gt;0.50) or ChRCC (PEER ≤0.50), except for four misclassified CD117(−) ChRCC variants. Prospective study of PEER confirmed 100% accuracy of renal oncocytoma/ChRCC classification among 22/22 additional CD117(+) tumors. Prospective interobserver reproducibility was excellent for PEER scoring (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.97) and perfect for renal oncocytoma/ChRCC assignment (ICC = 1.0). Conclusions: In the largest clinical comparison of renal oncocytoma versus ChRCC to our knowledge, we identified and prospectively validated a reproducible radiographic measure that differentiates CD117(+) renal oncocytoma from ChRCC with potentially 100% accuracy. PEER may allow reliable biopsy-based diagnosis of CD117(+) renal oncocytoma, avoiding the need for diagnostic nephrectomy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(16); 3898–907. ©2018 AACR.
Macrotrabecular-massive hepatocellular carcinoma: a distinctive histological subtype with clinical relevance
Authors: M. Ziol, N. Poté, G. Amaddeo, A. Laurent, J.C. Nault, F. Oberti, C. Costentin, S. Michalak, B. Mohamed, C. Francoz, G.-P. Pageaux, J. Ramos, D. Thomas, A. Luciani, B. Guiu, V. Vilgrain, C. Aubé, J. Derman, C. Charpy, J. Zucman-Rossi, N. Barget, O. Seror, N. Ganne-Carrié, V. Paradis, J. Calderaro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
P373Macrophage, eosinophil, and mast cell extracellular traps (METs, EETs and MCETs) participate in coronary thrombus evolution after acute myocardial infarction
Authors: K R Pertiwi, O J De Boer, D R Pabittei, C Mackaaij, R J De Winter, A C Van Der Wal
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)
Moderate and severe renal impairment in European CHB patients treated with TDF or ETV: a 7-year retrospective cohort study in 490 patients (on behalf of the ReCoRd investigators group)
Authors: P. Lampertico, J.F. Flaherty, M. Op Den Brouw, I.L. Rose, I. Faghmous, C. Phulpin, A. Van Troostenburg, H. Ramroth
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)