tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Awareness of cervical cancer and screening among rural Nepalese women.
Authors: Anju Shrestha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

1553 Background: Cervical cancer is leading female cancer in Nepal. Despite the existence of effective screening using Pap smear, the uptake of screening is poor. Objectives of this study were to determine the baseline information about the knowledge of cervical cancer and explore attitude and practice of Pap smear screening among the women of rural community of Nepal. Methods: A cross sectional population based descriptive study of female attending free cervical cancer screening camp in different rural community of Nepal organized by Nepal cancer Support group and Nepal cancer Hospital, funded by Direct Relief was conducted from 1/06/2016 to 31/12/2016- using self- administered questionnaire to elicit information on demographic characteristics, knowledge, screening behaviors and determinants of cervical cancer. Results: A total of 2529 women participated in nine screening camp, out of which 55.95% (1416) were illiterate whereas only 4.95% (129) were graduate. Mean age of participates were 40.5±11.97 (17-83)yrs. 31.63% (800) of women married before age of 16 and 32.08% (811) women had their first childbirth before age of 18 years. Only 6.88% (174) women were working outside and rest were working in household work and farming. 76.24% (1928) women knew nothing about cervical cancer. Although 38.71% (979) women heard about Pap smear, only 10.36% (262) knew about eligibility of screening, 1.58% (40) knew about screening interval and 16.57% (419) know that Pap smear is used for detections of cancerous and precancerous lesions of cervix. However, knowledge of risk factors for cervical cancer was found in 5.9% (150). Of the female respondents, 78.09% (1975) did not feel susceptible to cervical cancer and 82.25% (2080) had never been screened before. The most common reason for not doing Pap test is they never heard about it (59.99%:1516). The other reason includes do not have any symptoms (17.79%:450); embarrassment (2.49%:62); do not know where to do (1.27%:32); fear of finding out cancer (0.51%:13) and never advised by doctor (0.4%:10). Conclusions: The study revealed very low cervical cancer knowledge and poor screening behavior among the women. This may be due to lack of awareness, education and low priority of women’s health issue.
Hibernating Myocardium
Authors: William Wijns, Stephen F. Vatner, Paolo G. Camici
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1998)

For many years, the functional sequelae of chronic coronary artery disease were considered irreversible and amenable only to palliative therapy. For example, a finding of asynergy (the absence of contraction) on the left ventriculogram was thought to indicate the presence of infarcted myocardium or scarring. It is now clear, however, that chronic left ventricular dysfunction (i.e., reduced contraction or even asynergy) in patients with coronary artery disease is not necessarily irreversible.This new concept is based on two earlier observations. The first was that myocardial dysfunction that was present before the performance of coronary-artery bypass grafting was often reversed after . . .
A Placebo-Controlled Trial of Antibiotics for Smaller Skin Abscesses
Authors: Robert S. Daum, Loren G. Miller, Lilly Immergluck, Stephanie Fritz, C. Buddy Creech, David Young, Neha Kumar, Michele Downing, Stephanie Pettibone, Rebecca Hoagland, Samantha J. Eells, Mary G. Boyle, Trisha Chan Parker, Henry F. Chambers
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

Uncomplicated skin abscesses are common, yet the appropriate management of the condition in the era of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is unclear.We conducted a multicenter, prospective, double-blind trial involving outpatient adults and children. Patients were stratified according to the presence of a surgically drainable abscess, abscess size, the number of sites of skin infection, and the presence of nonpurulent cellulitis. Participants with a skin abscess 5 cm or smaller in diameter were enrolled. After abscess incision and drainage, participants were randomly assigned to receive clindamycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), or placebo for 10 days. The primary outcome was clinical cure 7 to 10 days after the end of treatment.We enrolled 786 participants: 505 (64.2%) were adults and 281 (35.8%) were children. A total of 448 (57.0%) of the participants were male. S. aureus was isolated from 527 participants (67.0%), and MRSA was isolated from 388 (49.4%). Ten days after therapy in the intention-to-treat population, the cure rate among participants in the clindamycin group was similar to that in the TMP-SMX group (221 of 266 participants [83.1%] and 215 of 263 participants [81.7%], respectively; P=0.73), and the cure rate in each active-treatment group was higher than that in the placebo group (177 of 257 participants [68.9%], P<0.001 for both comparisons). The results in the population of patients who could be evaluated were similar. This beneficial effect was restricted to participants with S. aureus infection. Among the participants who were initially cured, new infections at 1 month of follow-up were less common in the clindamycin group (15 of 221, 6.8%) than in the TMP-SMX group (29 of 215 [13.5%], P=0.03) or the placebo group (22 of 177 [12.4%], P=0.06). Adverse events were more frequent with clindamycin (58 of 265 [21.9%]) than with TMP-SMX (29 of 261 [11.1%]) or placebo (32 of 255 [12.5%]); all adverse events resolved without sequelae. One participant who received TMP-SMX had a hypersensitivity reaction.As compared with incision and drainage alone, clindamycin or TMP-SMX in conjunction with incision and drainage improves short-term outcomes in patients who have a simple abscess. This benefit must be weighed against the known side-effect profile of these antimicrobials. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00730028 .).
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a comprehensive review and 2017 update
Authors: T Terwilliger, M Abdul-Hay
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2017)

Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the second most common acute leukemia in adults, with an incidence of over 6500 cases per year in the United States alone. The hallmark of ALL is chromosomal abnormalities and genetic alterations involved in differentiation and proliferation of lymphoid precursor cells. In adults, 75% of cases develop from precursors of the B-cell lineage, with the remainder of cases consisting of malignant T-cell precursors. Traditionally, risk stratification has been based on clinical factors such age, white blood cell count and response to chemotherapy; however, the identification of recurrent genetic alterations has helped refine individual prognosis and guide management. Despite advances in management, the backbone of therapy remains multi-agent chemotherapy with vincristine, corticosteroids and an anthracycline with allogeneic stem cell transplantation for eligible candidates. Elderly patients are often unable to tolerate such regimens and carry a particularly poor prognosis. Here, we review the major recent advances in the treatment of ALL.
RNAi prodrugs targeting Plk1 induce specific gene silencing in primary cells from pediatric T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients
Authors: Iryna Kolosenko, Elin Edsbäcker, Ann-Charlotte Björklund, Alexander S. Hamil, Oksana Goroshchuk, Dan Grandér, Steven F. Dowdy, Caroline Palm-Apergi
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2017)
Unique Long Non-Coding RNA Expression Signature in ETV6/RUNX1-Driven B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Farzaneh Ghazavi, Barbara De Moerloose, Wouter Van Loocke, Annelynn Wallaert, Alina Ferster, Marleen Bakkus, Genevieve Plat, Eric Delabesse, Anne Uyttebroeck, Filip Van Nieuwerburgh, Dieter Deforce, Nadine van Roy, Frank Speleman, Yves Benoit, Tim Lammens, Pieter van Vlierberghe
Journal: Blood (2016)
Boerhaave's Syndrome: a Single Centres Management Experience with Fourteen Cases of Spontaneous Oesophageal Perforation
Authors: RS Prichard, J Butt, N Al-Sarraf, B Manning, S Frolich, N Ravi, J Reynolds
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Introduction: Spontaneous oesophageal rupture, also known as Boerhaave's syndrome, is rare and carries a high associated morbidity and mortality.
Bortezomib Consolidation Following Upfront ASCT for Multiple Myeloma Deepens Disease Response and MRD-Negative Rate without Compromising Response to Subsequent Bortezomib Salvage: Results of a Phase II Study
Authors: Oliver C Cohen, Neil Rabin, Nicholas Counsell, Roger G Owen, Bilyana Popova, Oliver Schofield, Janet Lyons-Lewis, Andy Rawstron, Christopher Spence, Ruth Mary de Tute, Derralynn Hughes, Sally Moore, Paul Smith, Kwee L Yong
Journal: Blood (2016)
Abstract P252: Loss of HMGB2 Induces Chromatin Remodeling and Hypertrophic Growth in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Sarah Franklin, Haodong Chen, Scherise Mitchell-Jordan, Shuxun Ren, Peipei Ping, Yibin Wang, Thomas M Vondriska
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Nuclear DNA is packaged around the octameric nucleosome core particle, constituting the basic building block of chromatin. Non-nucleosome chromatin structural molecules have been shown to induce higher order packaging of DNA into structurally compact and inactive heterochromatin, or loosely packed and active euchromatin. These chromatin remodeling events are thought to establish a cell type specific pattern of gene expression. During the development of cardiac hypertrophy and failure, genes normally only expressed during development are re-activated. While a number of transcription factors involved in these changes in fetal gene expression have been identified, the means for genome-wide structural remodeling of DNA are unknown. To identify factors controlling genomic plasticity in cardiomyocytes, we used mass spectrometry to quantify chromatin-associated proteins from cardiac nuclei during stages of hypertrophy and failure in the mouse. Adult mice were subjected to cardiac pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction. Chromatin was fractionated from cardiac nuclei and DNA-bound proteins were acid extracted and analyzed by mass spectrometry. We measured chromatin occupancy patterns for &gt;300 proteins during distinct stages of heart failure. To explore the isoform specific roles of individual chromatin structural proteins, we used siRNA to knock-down expression of two high mobility group proteins (HMGB1 and 2) exhibiting altered expression in the hypertrophic heart. Loss of HMGB2 (but not HMGB1) induced robust hypertrophic growth in cardiomyocytes. qRT-PCR analyses demonstrated that HMGB2 is responsible for some but not all changes in the fetal gene program (ANF increased 150% and SERCA decreased 20%, whereas α- and β-MHC were unchanged). To further explore the endogenous regions of the genome under control of HMGB2 packing, we performed microarrays following HMGB2 knockdown. Hypertrophy or HMGB2 knock-down induced global chromatin remodeling conducive to gene expression, as measured by histone post-translational modifications and the ratio of core to linker histones. These studies reveal a novel role of HMGB2 to inhibit hypertrophic growth and provide insights into general principles for genome-wide chromatin remodeling.
Mutation Frequencies in Patients With Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer—Reply
Authors: Rachel Pearlman, Albert de la Chapelle, Heather Hampel
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Associations of quality of life (QoL) with adverse events and tumor response in patients with advanced gastric cancer: Exploratory analyses from RAINBOW and REGARD
Authors: Ian Chau, Charles Fuchs, Atsushi Ohtsu, Astra Liepa, Zhanglin Cui, Yanzhi Hsu, Salah-Eddin Al-Batran
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Initial gatekeeping role by surgeon about BRCA mutation early detection among advanced ovarian carcinoma.
Authors: Yoo Min Kim, Min Kyu Kim, Soo Hyun Kim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e13022 Background: Obstacles may arise for offering genetic counseling and acceptance according to disease severity of ovarian carcinoma about BRCA mutation.BRCA testing and genetic counseling was highly recommended for women who had strong family history among ovarian cancer. We undertook this study to investigate whether advanced staging can be a barrier in BRCA testing and genetic counseling. Methods: Two groups of early (I-II) and advanced (III-IV) ovary carcinoma patients were divided regarding BRCA mutation and genetic counseling acceptance. Total 34 patients were evenly divided between them. After complete surgical staging and pathology result, single gynecologic oncologist offered genetic counseling about risk assessment based on pathology, family history and immunohistochemistry. BRCA1/2 gene sequencing was done. Results: Among 34 patients, we evenly divide early stage (n = 17) and advanced stage (n = 17) respectively. Advanced stage group was older than early stage group, median age of 52.53(19~73) vs 57.77(45~75). In contrast to early stage group, advanced stage group had high proportion of serous carcinoma (6/17 (35.3%) vs 15/17 (88.2%) and short DFS (22.27 months vs 10.87 months). Among 34 patients, only 2 patients refused BRCA testing and gene counseling at each group. In early stage group, BRCA testing period after the diagnosis and total genetic counseling time was longer than advanced group. BRCA1 was found by three patients in advanced stage group only and BRCA2 was not detected in all groups. Ten patients were found VUS (Variation of Unknown Significance) in early stage group and four patients were found VUS in advanced stage group. Conclusions: Advanced staging of ovary cancer by surgeon may not be an obstacle for early genetic counseling of BRCA mutation. Continuous cancer care including treatment, prevention and early detection of BRCA mutation of ovary carcinoma is feasible by gynecologic oncologist
Inference of Causative Genes for Alzheimer’s Disease Due to Dosage Imbalance
Authors: Mizuka Sekine, Takashi Makino
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2017)

Copy number variations (CNVs) have recently drawn attention as an important genetic factor for diseases, especially common neuropsychiatric disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Because most of the pathogenic CNV regions overlap with multiple genes, it has been challenging to identify the true disease-causing genes amongst them. Notably, a recent study reported that CNV regions containing ohnologs, which are dosage-sensitive genes, are likely to be deleterious. Utilizing the unique feature of ohnologs could be useful for identifying causative genes with pathogenic CNVs, however its effectiveness is still unclear. Although it has been reported that AD is strongly affected by CNVs, most of AD-causing genes with pathogenic CNVs have not been identified yet. Here, we show that dosage-sensitive ohnologs within CNV regions reported in patients with AD are related to the nervous system and are highly expressed in the brain, similar to other known susceptible genes for AD. We found that CNV regions in patients with AD contained dosage-sensitive genes, which are ohnologs not overlapping with control CNV regions, frequently. Furthermore, these dosage-sensitive genes in pathogenic CNV regions had a strong enrichment in the nervous system for mouse knockout phenotype and high expression in the brain similar to the known susceptible genes for AD. Our results demonstrated that selecting dosage-sensitive ohnologs out of multiple genes with pathogenic CNVs is effective in identifying the causative genes for AD. This methodology can be applied to other diseases caused by dosage imbalance and might help to establish the medical diagnosis by analysis of CNVs.
A preliminary video review of in-game head injury incidents (hii) and use of the head injury assessment (hia) from the 2015 super rugby season
Authors: Ryan Kohler, Michael Makdissi, Warren McDonald, Bradley Partridge, Andrew J Gardner
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Objective To complete a video evaluation of the management of players suspected of sustaining concussion in professional Rugby Union during the 2015 season. Design Retrospective, observational study. Setting Super Rugby match play. Participants Players representing Australian Super Rugby franchises who were evaluated by their team doctor (TD) and an independent match day doctor (MDD) for concussion during the 2015 season. Outcome measures In-game ‘head injury incidents’ (HII) and use of the World Rugby (WR) Head Injury Assessment (HIA) process were recorded. TD and MDD had access to video during games which allowed review of HIIs as part of their decision making process. A retrospective review of the video of each incident by three experienced clinicians was conducted to assess the decision-making process (i.e., permanent removal, remain-in-play, or return-to-play). Main results There were 47 ‘head injury incidents’ (HII) evaluated by TD and MDD. Using WR HIA criteria, 18 incidents resulted in a player’s permanent removal, of which 16 were subsequently diagnosed with concussion. On retrospective video review, the in-game decision to permanently remove a player was agreed upon in 78% (14/18) of cases. Using WR HIA criteria, there were 28 decisions to temporarily remove a player and conduct a HIA. On retrospective review, the in-game decision to complete a HIA was agreed upon in 68% (19/28) of cases. Conclusions Reviewing match video footage can be a useful addition to the TDs’ and MDDs’ in-game clinical assessment of concussion. The clinical relevance of some brief signs on video review warrants further investigation. Competing interests Ryan Kohler, Bradley Partridge – None. Michael Makdissi (see declaration form for full disclosures) Warren McDonald is the Chief Medical Officer of the Australian Rugby Union (ARU). He also operates his own private sports and exercise medicine practice in Canberra, Australia. Andrew Gardner has a clinical practice in neuropsychology involving individuals who have sustained sport-related concussion (including current and former athletes). He serves, in a voluntary capacity, as a member of the Australian Rugby Union (ARU) concussion advisory group. He has received travel funding from the Australian Football League (AFL) to present at the Concussion in Football Conference in 2013. Previous grant funding includes the NSW Sporting Injuries Committee, the Brain Foundation and the Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), supported by Jennie Thomas. He is currently receiving research funding through the HMRI, supported by Anne Greaves.
Evaluation of Chest Pain in the Emergency Department
Authors: Ian Weissman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1995)

Letters15 August 1995Evaluation of Chest Pain in the Emergency DepartmentIan Weissman, William W. O'Neill, and Jack E. JuniIan WeissmanSearch for more papers by this author, William W. O'NeillSearch for more papers by this author, and Jack E. JuniSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-123-4-199508150-00013 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:We read with interest Kaul and Abbott's recent editorial on evaluation of chest pain in the emergency department [1]. We have been applying these methods at William Beaumont Hospital for the last 2 years [2, 3]. Patients presenting to our chest pain clinic are immediately evaluated by a team of emergency physicians, cardiologists, and specially trained nurses. Patients with definite evidence of acute coronary ischemia are immediately triaged and treated. Those whose chest pain remains unexplained have radioisotope single-photon emission computed tomographic imaging in the emergency center with Tc-99m sestamibi using a dedicated γ camera. The resulting ...References1. Kaul S, Abbott RD. Evaluation of chest pain in the emergency department (Editorial). Ann Intern Med. 1994; 121:976-8. Google Scholar2. Weissman IA, Dickinson CZ, Dworkin HJ, O'Neill WW, Juni JE. Cost-effectiveness of emergency center SPECT imaging in patients with unexplained chest pain (Abstract). Radiology. 1994; 193(Suppl P):218. Google Scholar3. Weissman IA, Dickinson CZ, Juni JE, O'Neill WW, Dworkin HJ. Emergency room myocardial perfusion SPECT with technetium-99m sestamibi aids physicians in diagnosing and triaging patients with unexplained chest pain: a pilot study (Abstract). Clin Nucl Med. 1994; 19:1036. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 1995Volume 123, Issue 4Page: 314-318KeywordsComputed axial tomographyComputer networksDiagnostic medicineEmergency departmentImaging techniquesInpatientsIschemiaRadionuclide imaging Issue Published: 15 August 1995 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1995 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
A critical analysis of colonoscopic polyp surveillance; implications for clinical practice
Authors: G Lawlor, N Aucharaz, S Sengupta, J Leyden, J Crowe, JR Lennon, E Clarke, P Mac Mathuna
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Aims: Strict adherence to AGA guidelines for polyp surveillance is challenging in practice. Good compliance requires systematic follow-up according to polyp characteristics, family pedigree, age, and co-morbid conditions. To critically evaluate a polyp surveillance programme in a single GI referral centre.
An amnesty for unpublished trials
Authors: R. Smith, I. Roberts
Journal: BMJ (1997)

This month over 100 medical journals around the world are inviting readers to send information on unpublished trials. This amnesty should have important benefits for patients. Why?

Reports of properly conducted randomised controlled trials are the foundation of effective health care, but many are not submitted for publication.1 2 This reduces the power of systematic reviews to detect moderate but clinically important treatment effects. Patients may thus be denied effective forms of health care. A second problem is that since trials that show more promising effects are more likely to be submitted, research syntheses can give misleading conclusions about effectiveness. Patients may thus be exposed to useless or …