tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pre-colonization with the commensal fungus<i>Candida albicans</i>reduces murine susceptibility to<i>Clostridium difficile</i>infection
Authors: Laura Markey, Lamyaa Shaban, Erin R. Green, Katherine P. Lemon, Joan Mecsas, Carol A. Kumamoto
Journal: Gut Microbes (2018)

Clostridium difficile is a major nosocomial pathogen responsible for close to half a million infections and 27,000 deaths annually in the U.S. Preceding antibiotic treatment is a major risk factor for C. difficile infection (CDI) leading to recognition that commensal microbes play a key role in resistance to CDI. Current antibiotic treatment of CDI is only partially successful due to a high rate of relapse. As a result, there is interest in understanding the effects of microbes on CDI susceptibility to support treatment of patients with probiotic microbes or entire microbial communities (e.g., fecal microbiota transplantation). The results reported here demonstrate that colonization with the human commensal fungus Candida albicans protects against lethal CDI in a murine model. Colonization with C. albicans did not increase the colonization resistance of the host. Rather, our findings showed that one effect of C. albicans colonization was to enhance a protective immune response. Mice pre-colonized with C. albicans expressed higher levels of IL-17A in infected tissue following C. difficile challenge compared to mice that were not colonized with C. albicans. Administration of cytokine IL-17A was demonstrated to be protective against lethal murine CDI in mice not colonized with C. albicans. C. albicans colonization was associated with changes in the abundance of some bacterial components of the gut microbiota. Therefore, C. albicans colonization altered the gut ecosystem, enhancing survival after C. difficile challenge. These findings demonstrate a new, beneficial role for C. albicans gut colonization.
Lack of Osteopontin promotes non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis, but protects against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression and mortality in a NASH-HCC mouse model
Authors: A.D. Nardo, N.G. Grün, M. Zeyda, G. Oberhuber, M. Dumanic, T. Helbich, T.M. Stulnig
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Prevalence and clinical outcome of hepatitis Delta infection in patients with HIV/HBV coinfection
Authors: G.B. Gaeta, S. Milensu, G. Brancaccio, M. Puoti, A. D’arminio Monforte, A.D. Luca, A. Vergori, S. Rusconi, A. Mazzarelli, A. Castagna, A. Antinori, A. Cozzi-Lepri
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Long-Term Obeticholic Acid (OCA) treatment associated with reversal or stabilization of fibrosis/cirrhosis in patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC)
Authors: C. Bowlus, P. Pockros, A.E. Kremer, A. Pares, L. Forman, J.P. Drenth, S. Ryder, E.S. Malecha, R. Pencek, U. Iloeje, L. Macconell, D. Shapiro, B. Pierre
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Advances in the Molecular Pathophysiology, Genetics, and Treatment of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
Authors: Ilpo Huhtaniemi, Outi Hovatta, Antonio La Marca, Gabriel Livera, Danielle Monniaux, Luca Persani, Abdelkader Heddar, Katarzyna Jarzabek, Triin Laisk-Podar, Andres Salumets, Juha S. Tapanainen, Reiner A. Veitia, Jenny A. Visser, Peter Wieacker, Slawomir Wolczynski, Micheline Misrahi
Journal: Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism (2018)
P115Vascular wall stiffness parameters as risk factors of cerebrovascular complications in hypertensive patients with abdominal obesity
Authors: K Avdeeva, T I Petelina, L I Gapon, N A Musikhina, L N Kopylova, L A Dobrynina
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)

after, and 24h post cell delivery.In vitro bioluminescence signal was used to identify tissue samples containing GFP-Luc-MSCs.Myocardial tissue matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) (index of ischemic/oxidative stress) and CXCR4 receptor expression (index of homing signal) were measured in bioluminescence positive and negative myocardial areas one day post cell transfer.Biodistribution of the implanted cells was quantified by using Luciferase assay and confirmed by fluorescence immunochemistry.Global left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured at baseline and one month post cell therapy using MRI.Results: AMF decreased immediately after intracoronary cell delivery, while no change in tissue perfusion was found in the IM group.Intracoronary delivery led to a significant increase in myocardial MMP2 expression and decreased expression of CXCR4.Fluorescence immunochemistry indicated a higher expression level of a variety of homing (tenascin and cadherin) and angiogenic factor (FGF-2 and VEGF) in the IM group.LVEF increase was also significantly higher in IM group at the 1-month follow up.Conclusions: Intracoronary stem cell delivery decreased AMF, increased myocardial expression of MMP2, and lead to reduced CXCR4 expression with enhanced biodistribution and diminished functional recovery post-infarction.
Anti-infective biomaterials with surface-decorated tachyplesin I
Authors: Qiong Xue, Xiao-Bin Liu, Yeh-Hsing Lao, Lin-Ping Wu, Dong Wang, Zhen-Qiang Zuo, Jun-Yu Chen, Jing Hou, Yuan-Yuan Bei, Xue-Fei Wu, Kam W. Leong, Hua Xiang, Jing Han
Journal: Biomaterials (2018)
TCTAP A-009 Left Ventricular Remodeling and 1-year Clinical Outcome After Immediate Versus Deferred Stent Implantation in Patients with ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Follow-Up Results of the INNOVATION Study
Authors: Hyunjong Lee, Je Sang Kim, Cheol Woong Yu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Sequential Sentinel Node Scintigraphy With Planar and SPECT/CT Images Revealed Contralateral Drainage From Ipsilateral Breast Tumor Relapse in a Patient With Bilateral Breast Cancer
Authors: Mitsuru Koizumi, Masamichi Koyama, Hidetomo Morizono, Yumi Miyagi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

Radio-guided sentinel node (SN) biopsy is routinely performed in patients with early breast cancer. However, repeated SN scintigraphy in ipsilateral breast tumor relapse (IBTR) often shows extra-axillary drainage, including contralateral axilla. A patient diagnosed with bilateral breast cancer, of which one was IBTR, was studied by sequential radio-guided SN mapping, radiocolloid injection to an IBTR breast and scanning, and then radiocolloid injection to the other breast and scanning. This revealed the lymphatic flow from the IBTR breast to the contralateral axilla. Sequential method may help to depict contralateral axillary lymphatic flow from an IBTR breast in patients with bilateral breast cancer.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21: A Versatile Regulator of Metabolic Homeostasis
Authors: Lucas D. BonDurant, Matthew J. Potthoff
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2018)

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine hormone derived from the liver that exerts pleiotropic effects on the body to maintain overall metabolic homeostasis. During the past decade, there has been an enormous effort made to understand the physiological roles of FGF21 in regulating metabolism and to identify the mechanism for its potent pharmacological effects to reverse diabetes and obesity. Through both human and rodent studies, it is now evident that FGF21 levels are dynamically regulated by nutrient sensing, and consequently FGF21 functions as a critical regulator of nutrient homeostasis. In addition, recent studies using new genetic and molecular tools have provided critical insight into the actions of this endocrine factor. This review examines the numerous functions of FGF21 and highlights the therapeutic potential of FGF21-targeted pathways for treating metabolic disease.
Hydrolyzed Formula Compared With Standard Formula for Preterm Infants
Authors: Derek H. C. Ng, Nicholas D. Embleton, William McGuire
Journal: JAMA (2018)

<h3>Clinical Question</h3> For preterm infants, is hydrolyzed formula associated with lower rates of feeding intolerance, lower rates of necrotizing enterocolitis, and faster rates of growth compared with standard cow's milk formula? <h3>Bottom Line</h3> Compared with standard formula, feeding preterm infants hydrolyzed formula is not associated with a lower rate of feeding intolerance, a lower rate of necrotizing enterocolitis, or with faster growth.
Expression Patterns, Prognostic Value, and Intratumoral Heterogeneity of PD-L1 and PD-1 in Thymoma and Thymic Carcinoma
Authors: Dwight Owen, Benjamin Chu, Amy M. Lehman, Lakshmanan Annamalai, Jennifer H. Yearley, Konstantin Shilo, Gregory A. Otterson
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2018)

IntroductionThymic epithelial tumors (TETs) including thymoma and thymic carcinoma are rare tumors with little data available to guide treatment. Immunotherapy with checkpoint blockade has shown promising activity, but data regarding the expression patterns and prognostic implications of programmed death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) in TETs have yielded conflicting results. Intratumoral heterogeneity of PD-1/L1 expression has been shown in other cancers, but has not been described in the TET literature.MethodsWe performed a retrospective single-center review of 35 patients with resected TET. PD-1/L1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry using PD-1 clone: NAT105 and PD-L1 clone: 22C3. Tumor samples from 35 patients were evaluated including 32 patients with thymoma and 3 patients with thymic carcinoma.ResultsPD-L1 expression was detected in 83% (29 of 35) tumor samples, including 100% (3 of 3) of thymic carcinoma patients and 81% (26 of 32) of thymoma patients. PD-1 expression was detected in 77% (27 of 35), including 33% (1 of 3) of thymic carcinoma patients and 81% (26 of 32) thymoma patients. High PD-1 expression was associated with lower grade tumors. Unlike prior studies, PD-L1 expression was not associated with higher grade tumors or higher stage. Neither PD-L1 nor PD-1 expression was significantly associated with survival. Three patients with thymoma had multiple tumor sections evaluated for expression of PD-1/L1, with differing expression patterns of both PD-L1 and PD-1 observed in two patients.ConclusionsThis study confirms high expression of PD-L1 and PD-1 in TET and shows for the first time intratumoral heterogeneity of PD-L1 and PD-1 in thymoma patients.
High fat diet induces a tumor like metabolism in the liver
Authors: J. Duarte, R. Schmieder, K. Veys, D. Broekaert, F. Napolitano, B. Holvoet, M. Gilis, K. Vriens, J.F. Garcia, T. Grünewald, C. Mathieu, C. Deroose, D.D. Bernardo, K. de Bock, S.-M. Fendt
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Can liver transplantation or hepatic resection achieve cure for hepatocellular carcinoma?
Authors: A. Cucchetti, C. Sposito, T. Yang, V. Mazzaferro, L.D. Carlis, J. Zhou, S. Roayaie, S. Feng, M. Cescon, S.D. Sandro, H. Yifeng, P. Johnson, A. Pinna
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Induction of Neoantigen-Specific Cytotoxic T Cells and Construction of T-cell Receptor–Engineered T Cells for Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Tatsuo Matsuda, Matthias Leisegang, Jae-Hyun Park, Lili Ren, Taigo Kato, Yuji Ikeda, Makiko Harada, Kazuma Kiyotani, Ernst Lengyel, Gini F. Fleming, Yusuke Nakamura
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Purpose: Current evolution of cancer immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint blockade, has implicated neoantigens as major targets of anticancer cytotoxic T cells. Adoptive T-cell therapy with neoantigen-specific T-cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells would be an attractive therapeutic option for advanced cancers where the host antitumor immune function is strongly inhibited. We previously developed a rapid and efficient pipeline for production of neoantigen-specific TCR-engineered T cells using peripheral blood from an HLA-matched healthy donor. Our protocol required only 2 weeks from stimulation of T cells with neoantigen-loaded dendritic cells to the identification of neoantigen-specific TCRs. We conducted the pilot study to validate our protocol.Experimental Design: We used tumors from 7 ovarian cancer patients to validate our protocol.Results: We chose 14 candidate neoantigens from 7 ovarian tumors (1-3 candidates for each patient) and then successfully induced three neoantigen-specific T cells from 1 healthy donor and identified their TCR sequences. Moreover, we validated functional activity of the three identified TCRs by generating TCR-engineered T cells that recognized the corresponding neoantigens and showed cytotoxic activity in an antigen dose-dependent manner. However, one case of neoantigen-specific TCR-engineered T cells showed cross-reactivity against the corresponding wild-type peptide.Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of our efficient process from identification of neoantigen to production of the neoantigen-targeting cytotoxic TCR-engineered T cells for ovarian cancer and revealed the importance of careful validation of neoantigen-specific TCR-engineered T cells to avoid severe immune-related adverse events. Clin Cancer Res; 24(21); 5357-67. ©2018 AACRSee related commentary by Anczurowski and Hirano, p. 5195.
To sleep: perchance to ditch the ventilator
Authors: Magdy Younes
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

<b>Sleep in the ICU has now been shown to delay weaning. This calls for expedited studies to determine mechanisms of disrupted sleep and methods to avoid abnormal EEG patterns during sleep and wakefulness, which seem to underlie weaning difficulty</b>http://ow.ly/haAC30jvVbD
High-sensitivity troponin: a barometer for cardiac health
Authors: Kuan Ken Lee, Nicholas L Mills
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)

Patients with chest pain account for a substantial number of emergency admissions to hospital, because of concern that their chest pain may be due to an acute coronary syndrome. 1However, most of these patients do not have myocardial infarction or require hospitalization.As such, strategies to improve the risk stratification of patients with chest pain in the Emergency Department have major potential to improve efficiency and our use of limited health care resources. 2ardiac troponin is now accepted as the gold standard biomarker for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. 3Contemporary troponin assays are unable to safely rule out myocardial infarction at presentation,
Prognostic factors in patients with recurrent intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after curative resection: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Masahiro Ohira, Tsuyoshi Kobayashi, Masakazu Hashimoto, Hirofumi Tazawa, Tomoyuki Abe, Akihiko Oshita, Toshihiko Kohashi, Toshimitsu Irei, Koichi Oishi, Hideki Ohdan
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2018)
Sarcopenia is associated with advanced liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: J.G. Park, M.K. Kang, J.H. Baek, S.Y. Park, H.J. Lee, K. Hur, W.Y. Tak, Y.O. Kweon, S.Y. Jang, Y.R. Lee, H.W. Lee
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Association Between Psychosis in Elderly Patients With Alzheimer Disease and Impaired Social Cognition
Authors: Jeremy Koppel, Amber Sousa, Marc L. Gordon, Luca Giliberto, Erica Christen, Peter Davies
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2018)

Symptoms of psychosis in patients with Alzheimer disease may be the expression of a pathological subtype associated with an accelerated cognitive and functional deterioration portending a hastened mortality. 1The proposed National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria initiative provides a framework for conceptualizing the common neurobiological underpinnings of symptom domains such as psychosis that transcend individual diagnostic categories to facilitate translational research. 2Gur et al 3 suggest that highly implementable tasks measuring facial affective processing can be used to assay social cognitive integrity in psychotic disorders within the National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria framework.Although McLellan et al 4 report that facial affective processing is degraded in Alzheimer disease, to our knowledge no published studies have investigated the association between this impairment and the psychotic phenotype.We report on facial affective processing performance in a longitudinal cohort of healthy elderly control individuals and participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer disease at baseline, with and without symptoms of psychosis over the course of the study.
Abstract 16257: Chest Pain Clinic Assessment After Emergency Department Discharge With Low Risk Chest Pain is Associated With a Reduction in Hospitalizations and Emergency Re-Visitation
Authors: Andrew G Howarth, Yunqi Ji, Balraj Mann, Allan Ryan, James Stone, Alykhan Nanji, Sean van Diepen
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: Chest pain (CP) is a leading cause of emergency department (ED) visitation. The optimal outpatient assessment of low risk troponin negative CP patients discharged from the ED remains un...
Hepatic and renal tolerance of immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment: A retrospective monocentric cohort study
Authors: L. Parlati, A.V. Pichard, H. Alain, A. Bellesoeur, J. Arrondeau, P.B. Rouquette, F. Goldwasser, N. Kramkimel, O. Huillard, J. Alexandre, S. Aractingi, J. Chapron, B.D. Fischer, M.L.B. Piat, R. Batista, R. Coriat, F. Helene, M. Cororuge, P. Sogni, P. Stanislas, V. Mallet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
The HDAC inhibitor belinostat enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in a murine hepatocellular carcinoma model
Authors: D. Llopiz, M. Ruiz, L. Villanueva, T. Iglesias, J.J. Lasarte, P. Pivette, V. Trocon-Joseph, B. Vasseur, G. Dixon, B. Sangro, P. Sarobe
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
In-vivo optical imaging in head and neck oncology: basic principles, clinical applications and future directions
Authors: Chenzhou Wu, John Gleysteen, Nutte Tarn Teraphongphom, Yi Li, Eben Rosenthal
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2018)

Abstract Head and neck cancers become a severe threat to human’s health nowadays and represent the sixth most common cancer worldwide. Surgery remains the first-line choice for head and neck cancer patients. Limited resectable tissue mass and complicated anatomy structures in the head and neck region put the surgeons in a dilemma between the extensive resection and a better quality of life for the patients. Early diagnosis and treatment of the pre-malignancies, as well as real-time in vivo detection of surgical margins during en bloc resection, could be leveraged to minimize the resection of normal tissues. With the understanding of the head and neck oncology, recent advances in optical hardware and reagents have provided unique opportunities for real-time pre-malignancies and cancer imaging in the clinic or operating room. Optical imaging in the head and neck has been reported using autofluorescence imaging, targeted fluorescence imaging, high-resolution microendoscopy, narrow band imaging and the Raman spectroscopy. In this study, we reviewed the basic theories and clinical applications of optical imaging for the diagnosis and treatment in the field of head and neck oncology with the goal of identifying limitations and facilitating future advancements in the field.
Addressing Social Determinants to Improve Patient Care and Promote Health Equity: An American College of Physicians Position Paper
Authors: Hilary Daniel, Sue S. Bornstein, Gregory C. Kane
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

Social determinants of health are nonmedical factors that can affect a person's overall health and health outcomes. Where a person is born and the social conditions they are born into can affect their risk factors for premature death and their life expectancy. In this position paper, the American College of Physicians acknowledges the role of social determinants in health, examines the complexities associated with them, and offers recommendations on better integration of social determinants into the health care system while highlighting the need to address systemic issues hindering health equity.
Scientific rationale for changing lower water temperature limits for triathlon racing to 12°C with wetsuits and 16°C without wetsuits
Authors: Jane Saycell, Mitch Lomax, Heather Massey, Mike Tipton
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2018)

Objectives To provide a scientific rationale for lower water temperature and wetsuit rules for elite and subelite triathletes. Methods 11 lean, competitive triathletes completed a 20 min flume swim, technical transition including bike control and psychomotor testing and a cycle across five different wetsuit and water temperature conditions: with wetsuit: 10°C, 12°C and 14°C; without wetsuit (skins): 14°C and 16°C. Deep body (rectal) temperature (T re ), psychomotor performance and the ability to complete a technical bike course after the swim were measured, as well as swimming and cycling performance. Results In skins conditions, only 4 out of 11 athletes could complete the condition in 14°C water, with two becoming hypothermic (T re &lt;35°C) after a 20 min swim. All 11 athletes completed the condition in 16°C. T re fell further following 14°C (mean 1.12°C) than 16°C (mean 0.59°C) skins swim (p=0.01). In wetsuit conditions, cold shock prevented most athletes (4 out of 7) from completing the swim in 10°C. In 12°C and 14°C almost all athletes completed the condition (17 out of 18). There was no difference in temperature or performance variables between conditions following wetsuit swims at 12°C and 14°C. Conclusion The minimum recommended water temperature for racing is 12°C in wetsuits and 16°C without wetsuits. International Triathlon Union rules for racing were changed accordingly (January 2017).
The time trend of proportion and mortality rate of admissions associated with acute respiratory illness in cirrhotic patients with diverse ethnicity and socioeconomic status: an analysis on the U.S. National Inpatient Sample
Authors: B. Zou, Y.H. Yeo, D. Jeong, E. Sheen, H. Park, D.H. Lee, G. Garcia, M. Nguyen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Reversing the curse on PPARγ
Authors: Mitchell A. Lazar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2018)

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are the only antidiabetic drugs that reverse insulin resistance. They have been a valuable asset in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, but their side effects have curtailed widespread use in the clinic. In this issue of the JCI, Kraakman and colleagues provide evidence that deacetylation of the nuclear receptor PPARγ improves the therapeutic index of TZDs. These findings should revitalize the quest to employ insulin sensitization as a first-line approach to managing type 2 diabetes.
Incidence and predictors of de novo hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV cirrhotic patients treated with direct-acting antivirals: a single-center prospective 3 year study
Authors: R. D’ambrosio, E. Degasperi, M. Iavarone, A. Sangiovanni, A. Aghemo, R. Soffredini, M. Borghi, R. Perbellini, G. Lunghi, P. Lampertico
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Sustained virologic response rates (SVR-12) for chronic hepatitis C genotype 6 patients treated with Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir or Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir
Authors: E. Nguyen, S. Trinh, H. Trinh, H. Nguyen, K. Nguyen, B. Levitt, M. Nguyen, T. Purohit, E. Shieh, M. Nguyen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)