tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of air quality alerts on human health: a regression discontinuity analysis in Toronto, Canada
Authors: Hong Chen, Qiongsi Li, Jay S Kaufman, Jun Wang, Ray Copes, Yushan Su, Tarik Benmarhnia
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2018)

BackgroundAmbient air pollution is a major health risk globally. To reduce adverse health effects on days when air pollution is high, government agencies worldwide have implemented air quality alert programmes. Despite their widespread use, little is known about whether these programmes produce any observable public-health benefits. We assessed the effectiveness of such programmes using a quasi-experimental approach.MethodsWe assembled a population-based cohort comprising all individuals who resided in the city of Toronto (Ontario, Canada) from 2003 to 2012 (about 2·6 million people). We ascertained seven health outcomes known to be affected by short-term elevation of air pollution, using provincial health administrative databases. These health outcomes were cardiovascular-related mortality, respiratory-related mortality, and hospital admissions or emergency-department visits for acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We applied a regression discontinuity design to assess the effectiveness of an intervention (ie, the air quality alert programme). To quantify the effect of the air quality alert programme, we estimated for each outcome both the absolute rate difference and the rate ratio attributable to programme eligibility (by intention-to-treat analysis) and the alerts themselves (by two-stage regression approach), respectively.FindingsBetween Jan 1, 2003, and Dec 31, 2012, on average between three and 27 daily cardiovascular or respiratory events were reported in Toronto (depending on the outcome). Alert announcements reduced asthma-related emergency-department visits by 4·73 cases per 1 000 000 people per day (95% CI 0·55–9·38), or in relative terms by 25% (95% CI 1–47). Programme eligibility also led to 2·05 (95% CI 0·07–4·00) fewer daily emergency-department visits for asthma. We did not detect a significant reduction in any other health outcome as a result of alert announcements or programme eligibility. However, a non-significant trend was noted towards decreased asthma-related and COPD-related admissions.InterpretationIn this population-based cohort, the air quality alert programme was related to some reductions in respiratory morbidity, but not any other health outcome examined. This finding suggests that issuing air quality alerts alone has a limited effect on public health and that implementing enforced public actions to reduce air pollution on high pollution days could be warranted. Together with accumulating evidence of substantial burden from long-term air pollution exposure, this study underscores the need for further strengthening of global efforts that can lead to long-term improvement of overall air quality.FundingPublic Health Ontario, Canadian Institutes for Health Research.
ROAR: a phase 2, open-label study in patients (pts) with BRAF V600E–mutated rare cancers to investigate the efficacy and safety of dabrafenib (D) and trametinib (T) combination therapy.
Authors: Vivek Subbiah, Yung-Jue Bang, Ulrik Niels Lassen, Zev A. Wainberg, Jean-Charles Soria, Patrick Y. Wen, Thorsten Zenz, Philippe Moreau, Paal Brunsvig, Filippo G. De Braud, Jacques De Greve, Maja J. De Jonge, Ralf D. Hofheinz, Antoine Italiano, Alexander Stein, Wolfgang Willenbacher, Jan H.M. Schellens, Christoph Zielinski, Fatima A. Rangwala, Robert J. Kreitman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

TPS2604 Background: Combination D + T is approved for the treatment of BRAF V600E/K–mutant unresectable or metastatic melanoma. BRAF V600E mutations have also been identified in some rare cancers, including anaplastic thyroid cancer, biliary tract cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, nonseminomatous germ cell tumor, hairy cell leukemia (HCL), World Health Organization (WHO) grade I/II glioma, WHO grade III/IV glioma, multiple myeloma, and adenocarcinoma of the small intestine. US incidence rates of these rare tumors range from 0.07 to 6.3 per 100,000, with BRAF V600E mutation frequency ranging from 3% in high-grade glioma to 90% in HCL. Therefore, the ROAR study is underway in pts with these 9 rare BRAF-mutant cancers to assess the safety and efficacy of D + T combination therapy. Methods: This international, multicenter, open-label phase 2 study (NCT02034110) uses a Bayesian hierarchical statistical design that increases study power by borrowing information across histology cohorts based on the emerging response rate. Enrollment for each of the 9 cohorts (up to 25 pts each) may be stopped early for futility or efficacy if various criteria occur based on accrued data. Pts with BRAF V600E–mutant histologically or cytologically confirmed advanced disease with no available standard treatment options are eligible. Enrollment based on local BRAF V600E mutation results is permitted. Pts receive D (150 mg twice daily orally) and T (2 mg once daily orally) on a continuous dosing schedule until unacceptable toxicity, disease progression, or death occurs. Responses are assessed every 8 weeks per tumor-specific response criteria while pts are on study treatment. The primary study endpoint is overall response rate by investigator assessment. Secondary objectives include duration of response, progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety. Pharmacodynamic markers and quality of life will also be evaluated. If a histological cohort meets stopping criteria for early efficacy, an expansion cohort will be opened. This ongoing trial is currently recruiting pts at 48 centers in the United States, Canada, Europe, and South Korea. Clinical trial information: NCT02034110.
Impact Of Omalizumab On Patient Reported Outcomes In Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria: Results From XTEND-CIU, A 48-Week, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Thomas B. Casale, Thomas R. Murphy, Michael Holden, Jamie A. Le, Yamina Rajput, Benjamin L. Trzaskoma, Jonathan A. Bernstein
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
TCIApathfinder: An R Client for the Cancer Imaging Archive REST API
Authors: Pamela Russell, Kelly Fountain, Dulcy Wolverton, Debashis Ghosh
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) hosts publicly available deidentified medical images of cancer from over 25 body sites and over 30,000 patients. Over 400 published studies have utilized freely available TCIA images. Images and metadata are available for download through a web interface or a REST API. Here, we present TCIApathfinder, an R client for the TCIA REST API. TCIApathfinder wraps API access in user-friendly R functions that can be called interactively within an R session or easily incorporated into scripts. Functions are provided to explore the contents of the large database and to download image files. TCIApathfinder provides easy access to TCIA resources in the highly popular R programming environment. TCIApathfinder is freely available under the MIT license as a package on CRAN (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/TCIApathfinder/index.html) and from https://github.com/pamelarussell/TCIApathfinderSignificance: These findings present a new tool, TCIApathfinder, the first client for The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) for use in the highly popular R computing environment, that will dramatically lower the barrier of access to the valuable tools in TCIA. Cancer Res; 78(15); 4424-6. ©2018 AACR.
Molecular and functional signatures in a novel Alzheimer’s disease mouse model assessed by quantitative proteomics
Authors: Dong Kyu Kim, Joonho Park, Dohyun Han, Jinhee Yang, Ahbin Kim, Jongmin Woo, Youngsoo Kim, Inhee Mook-Jung
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2018)

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the deposition of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. To understand the pathological mechanisms underlying AD, developing animal models that completely encompass the main features of AD pathologies is indispensable. Although mouse models that display pathological hallmarks of AD (amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, or both) have been developed and investigated, a systematic approach for understanding the molecular characteristics of AD mouse models is lacking.To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the contribution of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau in AD pathogenesis, we herein generated a novel animal model of AD, namely the AD-like pathology with amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles (ADLPAPT) mice. The ADLPAPT mice carry three human transgenes, including amyloid precursor protein, presenilin-1, and tau, with six mutations. To characterize the molecular and functional signatures of AD in ADLPAPT mice, we analyzed the hippocampal proteome and performed comparisons with individual-pathology transgenic mice (i.e., amyloid or neurofibrillary tangles) and wild-type mice using quantitative proteomics with 10-plex tandem mass tag.The ADLPAPT mice exhibited accelerated neurofibrillary tangle formation in addition to amyloid plaques, neuronal loss in the CA1 area, and memory deficit at an early age. In addition, our proteomic analysis identified nearly 10,000 protein groups, which enabled the identification of hundreds of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in ADLPAPT mice. Bioinformatics analysis of DEPs revealed that ADLPAPT mice experienced age-dependent active immune responses and synaptic dysfunctions.Our study is the first to compare and describe the proteomic characteristics in amyloid and neurofibrillary tangle pathologies using isobaric label-based quantitative proteomics. Furthermore, we analyzed the hippocampal proteome of the newly developed ADLPAPT model mice to investigate how both Aβ and tau pathologies regulate the hippocampal proteome. Because the ADLPAPT mouse model recapitulates the main features of AD pathogenesis, the proteomic data derived from its hippocampus has significant utility as a novel resource for the research on the Aβ-tau axis and pathophysiological changes in vivo.
Could conjunctivitis in patients with atopic dermatitis treated with dupilumab be caused by colonization with <i>Demodex</i> and increased interleukin-17 levels?
Authors: J.P. Thyssen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Linked Article:de Bruin‐Weller et al. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:1083–1101.
“Arrogant” surgeon fined for writing his initials on patients’ livers
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2018)

A senior consultant surgeon who branded his initials on the new livers of two anaesthetised transplantation patients has been fined £10 000 after admitting assault at Birmingham Crown Court.

In a case described by prosecutors as “without legal precedent in criminal law,” Simon Bramhall was also sentenced to a 12 month community order and ordered to carry out 120 hours of unpaid work.

Bramhall’s actions came to light when one of the livers failed, for reasons unconnected with the transplantation, and the surgeon dealing with the follow-up …
Effects of budesonide on p38 MAPK activation, apoptosis and IL-8 secretion, induced by TNF-alpha and Haemophilus influenzae in human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: G Pelaia, L Gallelli, D Fratto, Muto, D Falcone, Alessandro Vatrella, Ls Curto, T Renda, Mt Busceti, Mc Liberto, R Savino, M Cazzola, Sa Marsico, R. Maselli
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2010)
Similar Outcomes of Early Failure Steroid Dependent Acute GvHD and Upfront Steroid Refractory Acute GvHD: Implications on Clinical Trials
Authors: Karina A Mendoza, Heidi Chen, Brian G Engelhardt, Bipin N. Savani, Stacey A Goodman, Jeremy Warner, Adetola A. Kassim, Michael Byrne, Wichai Chinratanalab, John P. Greer, Carole Hunt, Madan Jagasia
Journal: Blood (2017)
Natural Humic‐Acid‐Based Phototheranostic Agent
Authors: Zhao‐Hua Miao, Kai Li, Pei‐Ying Liu, Zhenglin Li, Huanjie Yang, Qingliang Zhao, Manli Chang, Qingzhu Yang, Liang Zhen, Cheng‐Yan Xu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2018)

Humic acids, a major constituent of natural organic carbon resources, are naturally formed through the microbial biodegradation of animal and plant residues. Due to numerous physiologically active groups (phenol, carboxyl, and quinone), the biomedical applications of humic acid have been already investigated across different cultures for several centuries or even longer. In this work, sodium humate, the sodium salt of humic acid, is explored as phototheranostic agent for light-induced photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy based on intrinsic absorption in the near-infrared region. The purified colloidal sodium humate exhibits a high photothermal conversion efficiency up to 76.3%, much higher than that of the majority of state-of-the-art photothermal agents including gold nanorods, Cu9 S5 nanoparticles, antimonene quantum dots, and black phosphorus quantum dots, leading to obvious photoacoustic enhancement in vitro and in vivo. Besides, highly effective photothermal ablation of HeLa tumor is achieved through intratumoral injection. Impressively, sodium humate reveals ultralow toxicity at the cellular and animal levels. This work promises the great potential of humic acids as light-mediated theranostic agents, thus expanding the application scope of traditional humic acids in biomedical field.
Синдром раздраженного кишечника: роль нарушений кишечной флоры и пути их коррекции
Authors: I.Ya. Budzak
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2013)

В статье рассмотрена взаимосвязь нарушений кишечной флоры и синдрома раздраженного кишечника. Показаны механизмы патогенетической роли дисбиоза кишечника в развитии синдрома раздраженного кишечника. Проанализированы результаты исследований по оценке эффективности пробиотиков у пациентов с синдромом раздраженного кишечника. Обозначены подходы к коррекции указанных нарушений.
Role of graft-versus-host disease in the development of secondary skin cancers in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: A meta-analysis
Authors: Pooja H. Rambhia, Ruzica Z. Conic, Natasha Atanaskova-Mesinkovska, Melissa Piliang, Wilma F. Bergfeld
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2018)
Dermoscopic Patterns of Spitz Nevi—Reply
Authors: Wei Liu, Jia-Wei Liu, Dong-Lai Ma
Journal: JAMA (2018)

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Immunotherapy and Symptomatic Radiation Necrosis in Patients With Brain Metastases Treated With Stereotactic Radiation
Authors: Allison M. Martin, Daniel N. Cagney, Paul J. Catalano, Brian M. Alexander, Amanda J. Redig, Jon D. Schoenfeld, Ayal A. Aizer
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2018)

This study investigates the association between immunotherapy and symptomatic radiation necrosis in patients with melanoma, non–small-cell lung cancer, or renal cell carcinoma and newly diagnosed brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiation therapy.
Benralizumab (anti-IL5Rα) depletes gut tissue eosinophilia and improves symptoms in hypereosinophilic syndrome with gastrointestinal involvement
Authors: Fei Li Kuang, Hawaa Alao, Sheila Kumar, Astin Powers, Martha Quezado, Zengfeng Wang, JeanAnne Ware, Lauren Wetzler, Thomas Brown, Paneez Khoury, Amy D. Klion
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Better information is needed on scale of winter pressure, experts say
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2018)

The system for informing the public and the media of pressures that hospitals are facing over winter needs to be improved, experts have said.

In 2016 NHS England introduced “OPELs” (operational pressures escalation levels) to replace the various methods, such as “black alerts,” that hospitals used to report when they were in difficulty.

OPEL 1 means that a hospital trust is “meeting anticipated demand within available resources” and OPEL 2 that a trust is “starting to show signs of pressure,” while levels 3 and 4 correspond …
Duration of Diabetes and Prediabetes During Adulthood and Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Cardiac Dysfunction in Middle Age: The CARDIA Study
Authors: Jared P. Reis, Norrina B. Allen, Michael P. Bancks, J. Jeffrey Carr, Cora E. Lewis, Joao A. Lima, Jamal S. Rana, Samuel S. Gidding, Pamela J. Schreiner
Journal: Diabetes Care (2018)

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the duration of diabetes and duration of prediabetes estimated during a 25-year period in early adulthood are each independently associated with coronary artery calcified plaque (CAC) and abnormalities in left ventricular structure and function later in life. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants were 3,628 white and black adults aged 18–30 years without diabetes or prediabetes at baseline (1985–1986) in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Durations of diabetes and prediabetes were estimated based on their identification at examinations 7, 10, 15, 20, and 25 years later. CAC was identified by computed tomography at years 15, 20, and 25. Left ventricular structure and function were measured via echocardiogram at year 25. RESULTS Of the 3,628 individuals, 12.7% and 53.8% developed diabetes and prediabetes, respectively; average (SD) duration was 10.7 (10.7) years and 9.5 (5.4) years. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and other cardiovascular risk factors, and mutual adjustment for each other, the hazard ratio for the presence of CAC was 1.15 (95% CI 1.06, 1.25) and 1.07 (1.01, 1.13) times higher for each 5-year-longer duration of diabetes and prediabetes, respectively. Diabetes and prediabetes duration were associated with worse subclinical systolic function (longitudinal strain [Ptrend &amp;lt; 0.001 for both]) and early diastolic relaxation (e′ [Ptrend 0.004 and 0.002, respectively]). Duration of diabetes was also associated with a higher diastolic filling pressure (E-to-e′ ratio [Ptrend 0.001]). CONCLUSIONS Durations of diabetes and prediabetes during adulthood are both independently associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction in middle age.
Direct endoscopy and diagnosis of adenocarcinoma following metal stent-based drainage of a pancreatic cyst
Authors: Sebastian Zeissig, Renate Schmelz, Stefan Brückner, Daniela Aust, Gustavo Baretton, Jochen Hampe
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Abdominal ultrasound in a 71-year-old man, 6 months after acute alcoholic pancreatitis, showed a pancreatic cystic structure (4 cm), which was diagnosed as a pancreatic pseudocyst (PPC). Drainage was not performed as the patient was asymptomatic. The PPC showed no size progression at 6-monthly follow-up abdominal ultrasound scans. CA19-9 was normal.
Diagnostic accuracy, risk assessment, and cost‐effectiveness of component‐resolved diagnostics for food allergy: A systematic review
Authors: J. Flores Kim, N. McCleary, B. I. Nwaru, A. Stoddart, A. Sheikh
Journal: Allergy (2018)

Component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) are promising tools for diagnosing food allergy, offering the potential to determine specific phenotypes and to develop patient-tailored risk profiles. Nevertheless, the diagnostic accuracy of these tests varies across studies; thus, their clinical utility remains unclear. Therefore, we synthesized the evidence from studies investigating the diagnostic accuracy, risk assessment ability, and cost-effectiveness of CRD for food allergy.We systematically searched 10 electronic databases and four clinical trial registries for studies published from January 2000 to February 2017. The quality of included studies was assessed using QUADAS-2. Due to heterogeneity, we narratively synthesized the evidence.Eleven studies met inclusion criteria, altogether recruiting 1098 participants. The food allergies investigated were cow's milk, hen's egg, peanut, hazelnut, and shrimp. The components with the highest diagnostic accuracy for each allergen, along with their sensitivity-specificity pairs, were as follows: Bos d 4 for cow's milk (62.0% and 87.5%), Gal d 1 for hen's egg (84.2% and 89.8% for heated egg, and 60.6% and 97.1% for raw egg), Ara h 6 for peanut (94.9% and 95.1%), Cor a 14 for hazelnut (100% and 93.8%), and Lit v 1 for shrimp (82.8% and 56.3%) allergy.Selected components of cow's milk, hen's egg, peanut, hazelnut, and shrimp allergen showed high specificity, but lower sensitivity. However, few studies exist for each component, and studies vary widely regarding the cutoff values used, making it challenging to synthesize findings across studies. Further research is needed to determine clinically appropriate cutoff values, risk assessment abilities, and cost-effectiveness of CRD approaches.