Vital Signs: Update on Zika Virus–Associated Birth Defects and Evaluation of All U.S. Infants with Congenital Zika Virus Exposure — U.S. Zika Pregnancy Registry, 2016
Authors: Megan R. Reynolds, Abbey M. Jones, Emily E. Petersen, Ellen H. Lee, Marion E. Rice, Andrea Bingham, Sascha R. Ellington, Nicole Evert, Sarah Reagan-Steiner, Titilope Oduyebo, Catherine M. Brown, Stacey Martin, Nina Ahmad, Julu Bhatnagar, Jennifer Macdonald, Carolyn Gould, Anne D. Fine, Kara D. Polen, Heather Lake-Burger, Christina L. Hillard, Noemi Hall, Mahsa M. Yazdy, Karnesha Slaughter, Jamie N. Sommer, Alys Adamski, Meghan Raycraft, Shannon Fleck-Derderian, Jyoti Gupta, Kimberly Newsome, Madelyn Baez-Santiago, Sally Slavinski, Jennifer L. White, Cynthia A. Moore, Carrie K. Shapiro-Mendoza, Lyle Petersen, Coleen Boyle, Denise J. Jamieson, Dana Meaney-Delman, Margaret A. Honein, Jennifer Adair, Irene Ruberto, Dirk T. Haselow, Lucille Im, Wendy Jilek, Monica S. Lehmann, Richard Olney, Charsey Cole Porse, Karen C. Ramstrom, Similoluwa Sowunmi, Natalie S. Marzec, Karin Davis, Brenda Esponda-Morrison, M. Zachariah Fraser, Colleen Ann O'Connor, Wendy Chung, Folasuyi Richardson, Taylor Sexton, Meredith E. Stocks, Senait Woldai, Amanda M. Bundek, Jennifer Zambri, Cynthia Goldberg, Leah Eisenstein, Jennifer Jackson, Russell Kopit, Teresa Logue, Raphael Mendoza, Amanda Feldpausch, Teri Graham, Sylvia Mann, Sarah Y. Park, Kris Kelly Carter, Emily J. Potts, Taryn Stevens, Sean Simonson, Julius L. Tonzel, Shari Davis, Sara Robinson, Judie K. Hyun, Erin M. Jenkins, Monika Piccardi, Lawrence D. Reid, Julie E. Dunn, Cathleen A. Higgins, Angela E. Lin, Gerlinde S. Munshi, Kayleigh Sandhu, Sarah J. Scotland, Susan Soliva, Glenn Copeland, Kimberly A. Signs, Elizabeth Schiffman, Paul Byers, Sheryl Hand, Christine L. Mulgrew, Jeff Hamik, Samir Koirala, Lisa A. Ludwig, Carolyn Rose Fredette, Kristin Garafalo, Karen Worthington, Abubakar Ropri, Julius Nchangtachi Ade, Zahra S. Alaali, Debra Blog, Scott J. Brunt, Patrick Bryant, Amy E. Burns, Steven Bush, Kyle Carson, Amy B. Dean, Valerie Demarest, Elizabeth M. Dufort, Alan P. Dupuis II, Ann Sullivan-Frohm, Andrea Marias Furuya, Meghan Fuschino, Viola H. Glaze, Jacquelin Griffin, Christina Hidalgo, Karen E. Kulas, Daryl M. Lamson, Lou Ann Lance, William T. Lee, Ronald Limberger, Patricia S. Many, Mary J. Marchewka, Brenda Elizabeth Naizby, MaryJo Polfleit, Michael Popowich, Tabassum Rahman, Timothy Rem, Amy E. Robbins, Jemma V. Rowlands, Chantelle Seaver, Kimberley A. Seward, Lou Smith, Inderbir Sohi, Kirsten St. George, Maria I. Souto, Rachel Elizabeth Wester, Susan J. Wong, Li Zeng, Joel Ackelsberg, Byron Alex, Vennus Ballen, Jennifer Baumgartner, Danielle Bloch, Sandhya Clark, Erin Conners, Hannah Cooper, Alexander Davidson, Catherine Dentinger, Bisram Deocharan, Andrea DeVito, Jie Fu, Gili Hrusa, Maryam Iqbal, Martha Iwamoto, Lucretia Jones, Hannah Kubinson, Maura Lash, Marcelle Layton, Christopher T. Lee, Dakai Liu, Emily McGibbon, Morgan Moy, Stephanie Ngai, Hilary B. Parton, Eric Peterson, Jose Poy, Jennifer Rakeman, Alaina Stoute, Corinne Thompson, Don Weiss, Emily Westheimer, Ann Winters, Mohammad Younis, Ronna L. Chan, Laura Jean Cronquist, Lisa Caton, Leah Lind, Kumar Nalluswami, Dana Perella, Diane S. Brady, Michael Gosciminski, Patricia McAuley, Daniel Drociuk, Vinita Leedom, Brian Witrick, Jan Bollock, Marie Bottomley Hartel, Loraine Swanson Lucinski, Morgan McDonald, Angela M. Miller, Tori Armand Ponson, Laura Price, Amy E. Nance, Dallin Peterson, Sally Cook, Brennan Martin, Hanna Oltean, Jillian Neary, Melissa A. Baker, Kathy Cummons, Katie Bryan, Kathryn E. Arnold, Annelise C. Arth, Brigid C. Bollweg, Janet D. Cragan, April L. Dawson, Amy M. Denison, Eric J. Dziuban, Lindsey Estetter, Luciana Silva-Flannery, Rebecca J. Free, Romeo R. Galang, Joy Gary, Cynthia S. Goldsmith, Caitlin Green, Gillian L. Hale, Heather M. Hayes, Irogue Igbinosa, M. Kelly Keating, Sumaiya Khan, Shin Y. Kim, Margaret Lampe, Amanda Lewis, Cara Mai, Roosecelis Brasil Martines, Brooke Miers, Jazmyn Moore, Atis Muehlenbachs, John Nahabedian, Amanda Panella, Vaunita Parihar, Mitesh M. Patel, D. Brett Rabeneck, Sonja A. Rasmussen, Jana M. Ritter, Dominique C. Rollin, Jeanine H. Sanders, Wun-Ju Shieh, Regina M. Simeone, Elizabeth L. Simon, John R. Sims, Pamela J. Spivey, Helen Talley-McRae, Alphonse K. Tshiwala, Kelley VanMaldeghem, Laura Viens, Anne Wainscott-Sargent, Tonya Williams, Sherif Zaki
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

In collaboration with state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments, CDC established the U.S. Zika Pregnancy Registry (USZPR) in early 2016 to monitor pregnant women with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection and their infants.This report includes an analysis of completed pregnancies (which include live births and pregnancy losses, regardless of gestational age) in the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia (DC) with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection reported to the USZPR from January 15 to December 27, 2016. Birth defects potentially associated with Zika virus infection during pregnancy include brain abnormalities and/or microcephaly, eye abnormalities, other consequences of central nervous system dysfunction, and neural tube defects and other early brain malformations.During the analysis period, 1,297 pregnant women in 44 states were reported to the USZPR. Zika virus-associated birth defects were reported for 51 (5%) of the 972 fetuses/infants from completed pregnancies with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4%-7%); the proportion was higher when restricted to pregnancies with laboratory-confirmed Zika virus infection (24/250 completed pregnancies [10%, 95% CI = 7%-14%]). Birth defects were reported in 15% (95% CI = 8%-26%) of fetuses/infants of completed pregnancies with confirmed Zika virus infection in the first trimester. Among 895 liveborn infants from pregnancies with possible recent Zika virus infection, postnatal neuroimaging was reported for 221 (25%), and Zika virus testing of at least one infant specimen was reported for 585 (65%).These findings highlight why pregnant women should avoid Zika virus exposure. Because the full clinical spectrum of congenital Zika virus infection is not yet known, all infants born to women with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection during pregnancy should receive postnatal neuroimaging and Zika virus testing in addition to a comprehensive newborn physical exam and hearing screen. Identification and follow-up care of infants born to women with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection during pregnancy and infants with possible congenital Zika virus infection can ensure that appropriate clinical services are available.