tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Post-approval upper airway stimulation predictors of treatment effectiveness in the ADHERE registry
Authors: Clemens Heiser, Armin Steffen, Maurits Boon, Benedikt Hofauer, Karl Doghramji, Joachim T. Maurer, J. Ulrich Sommer, Ryan Soose, Patrick J. Strollo, Richard Schwab, Erica Thaler, Kirk Withrow, Alan Kominsky, Christopher Larsen, Eric J. Kezirian, Jennifer Hsia, Stanley Chia, John Harwick, Kingman Strohl, Reena Mehra
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

Upper airway stimulation (UAS) has been shown to reduce severity of obstructive sleep apnoea. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of UAS therapy response in an international multicentre registry. Patients who underwent UAS implantation in the United States and Germany were enrolled in an observational registry. Data collected included patient characteristics, apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), objective adherence, adverse events and patient satisfaction measures. Post hoc univariate and multiple logistic regression were performed to evaluate factors associated with treatment success. Between October 2016 and January 2018, 508 participants were enrolled from 14 centres. Median AHI was reduced from 34 to 7 events·h −1 , median ESS reduced from 12 to 7 from baseline to final visit at 12-month post-implant. In post hoc analyses, for each 1-year increase in age, there was a 4% increase in odds of treatment success. For each 1-unit increase in body mass index (BMI), there was 9% reduced odds of treatment success. In the multivariable model, age persisted in serving as statistically significant predictor of treatment success. In a large multicentre international registry, UAS is an effective treatment option with high patient satisfaction and low adverse events. Increasing age and reduced BMI are predictors of treatment response.
2018 American Heart Association Focused Update on Pediatric Advanced Life Support: An Update to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care
Authors: Jonathan P. Duff, Alexis Topjian, Marc D. Berg, Melissa Chan, Sarah E. Haskell, Benny L. Joyner, Javier J. Lasa, Sondra J. Ley, Tia T. Raymond, Robert M. Sutton, Mary Fran Hazinski, Dianne L. Atkins
Journal: Circulation (2018)

This 2018 American Heart Association focused update on pediatric advanced life support guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care follows the 2018 evidence review performed by the Pediatric Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. It aligns with the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation’s continuous evidence review process, and updates are published when the group completes a literature review based on new published evidence. This update provides the evidence review and treatment recommendation for antiarrhythmic drug therapy in pediatric shock-refractory ventricular fibrillation/pulseless ventricular tachycardia cardiac arrest. As was the case in the pediatric advanced life support section of the “2015 American Heart Association Guidelines Update for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care,” only 1 pediatric study was identified. This study reported a statistically significant improvement in return of spontaneous circulation when lidocaine administration was compared with amiodarone for pediatric ventricular fibrillation/pulseless ventricular tachycardia cardiac arrest. However, no difference in survival to hospital discharge was observed among patients who received amiodarone, lidocaine, or no antiarrhythmic medication. The writing group reaffirmed the 2015 pediatric advanced life support guideline recommendation that either lidocaine or amiodarone may be used to treat pediatric patients with shock-refractory ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia.
#20 Design and rationale of the PIlonidal sinus Treatment - STudying the OPtions (PITSTOP) study: a multicentre cohort, nested mixed-methods case study and discrete choice experiment (poster presentation)
Authors: E. Beal, D. Hind, M. Bradburn, E. Lee, A. Howard, P. Shackley, M. Lee, S. Brown
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2018)
Determination and Interpretation of the QT Interval
Authors: Arja Suzanne Vink, Benjamin Neumann, Krystien V.V. Lieve, Moritz F. Sinner, Nynke Hofman, Soufiane el Kadi, Melissa H.A. Schoenmaker, Hanneke M.J. Slaghekke, Jonas S.S.G. de Jong, Sally-Ann B. Clur, Nico A. Blom, Stefan Kääb, Arthur A.M. Wilde, Pieter G. Postema
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is associated with potentially fatal arrhythmias. Treatment is very effective, but its diagnosis may be challenging. Importantly, different methods are used to assess the QT interval, which makes its recognition difficult. QT experts advocate manual measurements with the tangent or threshold method. However, differences between these methods and their performance in LQTS diagnosis have not been established. We aimed to assess similarities and differences between these 2 methods for QT interval analysis to aid in accurate QT assessment for LQTS. Methods: Patients with a confirmed pathogenic variant in KCNQ1 (LQT1), KCNH2 (LQT2), or SCN5A (LQT3) genes and their family members were included. Genotype-positive patients were identified as LQTS cases and genotype-negative family members as controls. ECGs were analyzed with both methods, providing inter- and intrareader validity and diagnostic accuracy. Cutoff values based on control population’s 95th and 99th percentiles, and LQTS-patients’ 1st and 5th percentiles were established based on the method to correct for heart rate, age, and sex. Results: We included 1484 individuals from 265 families, aged 33±21 years and 55% females. In the total cohort, QT Tangent was 10.4 ms shorter compared with QT Threshold (95% limits of agreement±20.5 ms, P &lt;0.0001). For all genotypes, QT Tangent was shorter than QT Threshold ( P &lt;0.0001), but this was less pronounced in LQT2. Both methods yielded a high inter- and intrareader validity (intraclass correlation coefficient &gt;0.96), and a high diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve &gt;0.84). Using the current guideline cutoff (QTc interval 480 ms), both methods had similar specificity but yielded a different sensitivity. QTc interval cutoff values of QT Tangent were lower compared with QT Threshold and different depending on the correction for heart rate, age, and sex. Conclusion: The QT interval varies depending on the method used for its assessment, yet both methods have a high validity and can both be used in diagnosing LQTS. However, for diagnostic purposes current guideline cutoff values yield different results for these 2 methods and could result in inappropriate reassurance or treatment. Adjusted cutoff values are therefore specified for method, correction formula, age, and sex. In addition, a freely accessible online probability calculator for LQTS ( www.QTcalculator.org ) has been made available as an aid in the interpretation of the QT interval.
Stakeholders' perceptions and information needs regarding research medical donation (RMD).
Authors: Andrew S. Epstein, Elyse Shuk, Danielle R. Romano, Kathleen Lynch, Margaux Genoff, Erva Khan, Christine A Iacobuzio-Donahue, Jada G. Hamilton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

27 Background: Issues pertinent to serious illness are more prevalent in the current medical landscape of increasing technologic sophistication. RMD, the process of human tissue extraction within hours after death benefits cancer research but data are limited regarding barriers institutions face in accruing to RMD programs. Such data are needed due to the complex RMD process, such as communicating with patients (pts) and their proxies, and procuring tissue in a timely manner that also respects end-of-life care sensitivities. Methods: We explored perceived core needs and challenges of RMD by engaging stakeholders (cancer clinicians, pts, and their caregivers) in 8 teleconference focus groups from 2017-2018. Clinicians caring for pts with breast, pancreas, and lung cancers comprised 2 groups. Each cancer separately had 2 groups for pts and their caregivers. Each group lasted 90 minutes, was audio-recorded and transcribed. Research team members (2-3) recorded their observations about key themes from each transcript in an analysis template, with illustrative quotes supporting each theme. Following independent analysis, the coding team met to reach consensus on primary themes for that transcript. A consensus template describing the team’s views about themes from the transcript was generated. The team then met to establish agreement on the consensus templates and identify primary common and divergent themes across transcripts. Results: 45 people (13 clinicians, 24 pts, and 8 caregivers) participated in the groups. The themes identified were: 1) clinicians and pts generally had limited to no previous knowledge about RMD; 2) RMD was seen to mainly benefit research, not pts or families; 3) logistical and privacy questions and concerns arose; 4) introducing RMD was deemed sensitive and the timing patient-specific; 5) cancer type did not generally seem to impact RMD acceptability or participation. Conclusions: Patients, families, and cancer clinicians have generally low knowledge of RMD but upon learning about it, see it as a valuable program for scientific advancement, necessary to be carried out with individualized sensitivity to end-of-life issues, and through training programs with involved clinical staff.
Loss of the selective autophagy receptor p62 impairs murine myeloid leukemia progression and mitophagy
Authors: The Duy Nguyen, Shabnam Shaid, Olesya Vakhrusheva, Sebastian E. Koschade, Kevin Klann, Marlyn Thölken, Fatima Baker, Jing Zhang, Thomas Oellerich, Duran Sürün, Anja Derlet, Isabella Haberbosch, Stefan Eimer, Heinz D. Osiewacz, Christian Behrends, Christian Münch, Ivan Dikic, Christian H. Brandts
Journal: Blood (2018)
Initial Report of the Beat AML Umbrella Study for Previously Untreated AML: Evidence of Feasibility and Early Success in Molecularly Driven Phase 1 and 2 Studies
Authors: Amy Burd, Ross L. Levine, Abigail Shoben, Alice S. Mims, Uma Borate, Eytan M. Stein, Prapti A. Patel, Maria R. Baer, Wendy Stock, Michael W. Deininger, Amy S. Ruppert, Nyla A. Heerema, Jo-Anne Vergilio, TIm Brennan, Christine Vietz, Molly Vittorio, Leonard Rosenberg, Sonja Marcus, Mona Stefanos, Brian J. Druker, John C. Byrd
Journal: Blood (2018)
Reduced plasma levels of small HDL particles transporting fibrinolytic proteins in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Lars Harbaum, Pavandeep Ghataorhe, John Wharton, Beatriz Jiménez, Luke S G Howard, J Simon R Gibbs, Jeremy K Nicholson, Christopher J Rhodes, Martin R Wilkins
Journal: Thorax (2018)

Background Aberrant lipoprotein metabolism has been implicated in experimental pulmonary hypertension, but the relevance to patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is inconclusive. Objective To investigate the relationship between circulating lipoprotein subclasses and survival in patients with PAH. Methods Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 105 discrete lipoproteins were measured in plasma samples from two cohorts of patients with idiopathic or heritable PAH. Data from 1124 plasma proteins were used to identify proteins linked to lipoprotein subclasses. The physical presence of proteins was confirmed in plasma lipoprotein subfractions separated by ultracentrifugation. Results Plasma levels of three lipoproteins from the small high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclass, termed HDL-4, were inversely related to survival in both the discovery (n=127) and validation (n=77) cohorts, independent of exercise capacity, comorbidities, treatment, N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide, C reactive protein and the principal lipoprotein classes. The small HDL subclass rich in apolipoprotein A-2 content (HDL-4-Apo A-2) exhibited the most significant association with survival. None of the other lipoprotein classes, including principal lipoprotein classes HDL and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, were prognostic. Three out of nine proteins identified to associate with HDL-4-Apo A-2 are involved in the regulation of fibrinolysis, namely, the plasmin regulator, alpha-2-antiplasmin, and two major components of the kallikrein–kinin pathway (coagulation factor XI and prekallikrein), and their physical presence in the HDL-4 subfraction was confirmed. Conclusion Reduced plasma levels of small HDL particles transporting fibrinolytic proteins are associated with poor outcomes in patients with idiopathic and heritable PAH.
New measure of environmental protection in China
Authors: Shunli Jiang, Qing Lu
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2018)

From Jan 1, 2018, the Environmental Protection Tax (EPT) law in China was officially launched.1State Administration of TaxationThe environmental protection tax will be levied on.http://www.chinatax.gov.cn/n810341/n810780/c2949707/content.htmlDate: Jan 1, 2018Date accessed: January 1, 2018Google Scholar This is the first tax law in China specifically established for environmental protection. Compared with the traditional pollution discharge fee, the EPT law has a stronger legal, executive, and binding force. Now, as emphasised by the politician Xi Jinping, people in China have a law to abide by and the Chinese government must guarantee strict law enforcement.2people.cn. Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on several major issues of ruling the country by law.http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2014/1029/c1001-25926893.htmlDate accessed: January 1, 2018Google Scholar Enacting this law is the first and most important step for China to control environmental pollution. The implementation of the EPT law requires the cooperation of citizens, enterprises, and governments in different areas and levels. According to EPT law, in China and other areas under the jurisdiction of China, the enterprises and institutions that directly discharge taxable pollutants into the environment have to pay tax. However, the organisations, groups, and residents who are not involved in the production and management of taxable pollutants do not pay tax. Considering that everybody is responsible for environmental pollution, and that environmental pollution affects everybody to some extent, it is our common responsibility to protect planetary health.3The Principle of “Common but Differentiated Responsibilities”.http://world.people.com.cn/n/2014/1206/c157278-26160771.htmlDate accessed: January 1, 2018Google Scholar In the next step, an individual garbage disposal fee should be brought to the agenda. Additionally, environmental protection is a systematic and integral work. Improving individuals' awareness of and ability to contribute to environmental protection, providing technical support for enterprise transformation and upgrading, establishing disposal and recycling systems for waste, perfecting independent monitoring and assessment systems, and refining the government's responsibility together shall promote its implementation. Finally, environmental protection is the foundation of human survival and development. Preventing pollution should have both a nationally and internationally high priority at all planning levels.4Landrigan P J Fuller R Njr A et al.The Lancet Commission on pollution and health.Lancet. 2017; 391: 462-512Summary Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (1963) Google Scholar We declare no competing interests.
Narcissism and Its Discontents: Diagnostic Dilemmas and Treatment Strategies With Narcissistic Patients
Authors: Jeffrey Katzman
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2018)

have demonstrated its effectiveness in treating borderline disorder.With the exception of mentalizationbased therapy (3), which has important psychodynamic and psychoanalytic features but which relies on the central notion of mentalization, as opposed to conflict, many would argue that transference-focused therapy has the best empirical support of any psychodynamic treatment.So, the observations of these authors on the nuances of therapeutic alliance development, assessment, framesetting, and technique have particular standing and stature.My concerns about the book are really a wish list for subsequent works.First, our society is intensely focused on issues of diversity, including racial, ethnic, cultural, sexual, and power differences, and I would love to see more discussion about how those external factors are reflected in the internal world Caligor et al. discuss so thoroughly.How is transference and countertransference affected by the personal backgrounds of the treatment dyad, and how are these aspects of cultural, racial, ethnic, and sexual identity reflected in the internal representations the authors describe?Second, while the authors' worldview is highly convincing, the reader might feel the same way about other masterly syntheses of psychodynamic thinking-for example, mentalization-based therapy or relational psychoanalysis.I would appreciate a comparison and contrast with some of these other ideas in the spirit of understanding why the psychodynamic therapy built on object relations should be regarded as the optimal approach.Third, could they consider a companion volume that provides an introduction to these ideas written for those less steeped in psychoanalytic and psychodynamic thinking?We need more people to have more exposure to these ideas, and I would like to see them made even more accessible.In all, it was a pleasure to review this book and to be reminded of the power of the psychodynamic approach, the continuing novelty and synthesis of contemporary psychodynamic thinking, and the strength of its empirical grounding.We owe many thanks to these colleagues.
Evaluation of Emergent Mutations in Circulating Cell-Free DNA and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Panitumumab in the ASPECCT Study
Authors: Marc Peeters, Timothy Price, Michael Boedigheimer, Tae Won Kim, Paul Ruff, Peter Gibbs, Anne Thomas, Gaston Demonty, Kristina Hool, Agnes Ang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Mutations in EGFR pathway genes are poor prognostic indicators in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Plasma analysis of cell-free DNA is a minimally invasive and highly sensitive method to detect somatic mutations in tumors.Plasma samples collected from panitumumab-treated patients in the ASPECCT study at baseline and safety follow-up (SFU) were analyzed by a next-generation sequencing-based approach for extended RAS mutant allele frequency as a continuous variable and their association with clinical outcomes and the mutational prevalence of 63 cancer-related genes. The correlation between patient outcome and baseline mutational status of EGFR pathway genes was also examined.Overall, 261 patients in the panitumumab arm had evaluable plasma samples. Patients with a higher RAS mutant allele frequency at baseline had worse clinical outcomes than those with a lower frequency (P < 0.001, Cox PH model); however, RAS mutations did not necessarily preclude patients from deriving benefits. The objective response rate (complete or partial response) was 10.8% for patients with baseline RAS mutations and 21.7% for those with BRAF mutations. The 63-gene panel analysis revealed an increase in tumor mutational burden from baseline to SFU (P < 0.001, Wilcoxon signed rank test). Baseline mutations in EGFR pathway genes, when analyzed both categorically and continuously, were associated with shorter survival.When mutations in EGFR pathway genes were analyzed continuously, higher mutant allele frequency correlated with poorer outcomes. However, extended RAS mutation, by itself, did not preclude clinical responses to panitumumab in a monotherapy setting.
Enzymes of glycerol-3-phosphate pathway in triacylglycerol synthesis in plants: Function, biotechnological application and evolution
Authors: Felipe dos Santos Maraschin, Franceli Rodrigues Kulcheski, Ana Lucia Anversa Segatto, Thomaz Stumpf Trenz, Ossman Barrientos-Diaz, Marcia Margis-Pinheiro, Rogerio Margis, Andreia Carina Turchetto-Zolet
Journal: Progress in Lipid Research (2018)
Prevalence and Treatment Patterns of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the United States, 2016
Authors: Guifeng Xu, Lane Strathearn, Buyun Liu, Matthew O’Brien, Todd G. Kopelman, Jing Zhu, Linda G. Snetselaar, Wei Bao
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2018)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder. Previous surveys have reported a steady increase in ASD prevalence in US children over the past decades. Several behavioral therapies and medications have been developed to treat the symptoms of ASD; however, little is known about the current status of treatment usage for children diagnosed as having ASD.To estimate the prevalence and treatment patterns of ASD among US children using nationally representative data.This study used data from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health, a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional survey. We included 43 032 children aged 3 to 17 years. Data were collected through questionnaires completed by a parent or guardian. Data were analyzed from February 2018 to March 2018.Outcome variables included ASD diagnosed by a physician or health professional and the use of behavioral treatment or medication treatment among children with ASD.Of the 43 032 included participants, 22 072 (51.3%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 10.7 (4.4) years. The weighted prevalence of ever-diagnosed ASD and current ASD were 2.79% (95% CI, 2.46-3.12) and 2.50% (95% CI, 2.21-2.79), respectively. The state-level prevalence of ever-diagnosed ASD varied from 1.54% (95% CI, 0.60-2.48) in Texas to 4.88% (95% CI, 2.72-7.05) in Florida. Nationally, about 70% of children with current ASD (70.5%; 95% CI, 65.1-75.8) were treated; 43.3% (95% CI, 37.4-49.2) received behavioral treatment only, 6.9% (95% CI, 3.7-10.1) received medication treatment only, and 20.3% (95% CI, 16.5-24.1) received both behavioral and medication treatments. The remaining 29.5% (95% CI, 24.2-34.9) of children with current ASD did not receive either behavioral or medication treatment.This study showed that the prevalence of ASD in the United States was relatively high, and it varied substantially across US states. Almost 30% of US children with ASD did not receive behavioral or medication treatment, which calls for a critical need to understand and address the barriers for those children to receive appropriate treatments.