tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiorespiratory fitness and incident lung and colon cancer: FIT-Cancer Cohort.
Authors: Catherine Handy, Mouaz H Al-Mallah, Zeina Dardari, Clinton A Brawner, Lois E. Lamerato, Steven Keteyian, Jonathan K. Ehrman, Kala Visvanathan, Michael J Blaha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

1502 Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), an objective measure of exercise tolerance, is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality yet its relationship with cancer incidence is unclear. The goal of this analysis was to assess the relationship between CRF and lung and colon cancer in a large, multi-ethnic clinical cohort. Methods: From The FIT Project, a retrospective cohort of 69,885 consecutive patients who underwent physician referred treadmill testing using the Bruce protocol in the Henry Ford Health System (HFHS) between 1991 and 2009, we created the FIT-Cancer Cohort by linkage with the HFHS Tumor Registry. We included patients aged 40-70 years who were cancer free at baseline. Multivariable adjusted Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association between CRF (measured in peak metabolic equivalents [METs]) and incident lung and colon cancer. Results: 49,143 individuals (46% women, 64% White), with a mean age of 54 years, were included. During a median follow up of 8.3 years (IQR 7.1 years), there were 388 and 238 incident lung and colon cancers. Compared to those with the lowest level of CRF, individuals in the highest CRF category had a 77% (CI: 63-85%) decreased risk of developing lung cancer and a 60% (CI: 33-75%) decreased risk of colon cancer in multivariable adjusted models. There was a significant, inverse METs-incident cancer dose response relationship (Table 1, p trend for lung and colon < 0.01). Subgroup analyses in smokers, by sex and race showed similar results. Conclusions: In the largest study of its kind, CRF measured during exercise testing is a strong predictor of future lung and colon cancer risk. Our study provides another important reason for optimizing CRF. Adjusted risk of incident lung and colon cancer, per category of CRF. METS Lung cancer Colon cancer HR# CI HR* CI HR# CI HR^ CI < 6 Ref Ref Ref Ref 6 -9 0.70 0.55, 0.90 0.68 0.53, 0.87 0.80 0.57, 1.11 0.80 0.57, 1.11 10 – 11 0.50 0.38, 0.65 0.48 0.36, 0.63 0.49 0.34, 0.71 0.49 0.34, 0.71 > = 12 0.23 0.14, 0.36 0.23 0.15, 0.37 0.41 0.25, 0.66 0.40 0.24, 0.65 #Adjusted for age, race, sex * Adjusted for age, race, sex, smoking, BMI ^ Adjusted for age, race, sex, smoking, aspirin & statin use, BMI
A Mutant p53-Dependent Embryonic Stem Cell Gene Signature Is Associated with Augmented Tumorigenesis of Stem Cells
Authors: Gabriela Koifman, Yoav Shetzer, Shay Eizenberger, Hilla Solomon, Ron Rotkopf, Alina Molchadsky, Giuseppe Lonetto, Naomi Goldfinger, Varda Rotter
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Mutations in the tumor suppressor p53 are the most frequent alterations in human cancer. These mutations include p53-inactivating mutations as well as oncogenic gain-of-function (GOF) mutations that endow p53 with capabilities to promote tumor progression. A primary challenge in cancer therapy is targeting stemness features and cancer stem cells (CSC) that account for tumor initiation, metastasis, and cancer relapse. Here we show that in vitro cultivation of tumors derived from mutant p53 murine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) gives rise to aggressive tumor lines (TL). These MSC-TLs exhibited CSC features as displayed by their augmented oncogenicity and high expression of CSC markers. Comparative analyses between MSC-TL with their parental mutant p53 MSC allowed for identification of the molecular events underlying their tumorigenic properties, including an embryonic stem cell (ESC) gene signature specifically expressed in MSC-TLs. Knockout of mutant p53 led to a reduction in tumor development and tumorigenic cell frequency, which was accompanied by reduced expression of CSC markers and the ESC MSC-TL signature. In human cancer, MSC-TL ESC signature-derived genes correlated with poor patient survival and were highly expressed in human tumors harboring p53 hotspot mutations. These data indicate that the ESC gene signature-derived genes may serve as new stemness-based prognostic biomarkers as well as novel cancer therapeutic targets.Significance: Mesenchymal cancer stem cell-like cell lines express a mutant p53-dependent embryonic stem cell gene signature, which can serve as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer. Cancer Res; 78(20); 5833-47. ©2018 AACR.
People are intuitive economists under the right conditions
Authors: Alan Jern
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2018)

Abstract Boyer &amp; Petersen (B&amp;P) argue that a “rudimentary exchange psychology” is responsible for many of people's folk-economic beliefs that are at odds with the consensus views of economists. However, they focus primarily on macroeconomic beliefs. I argue that the same rudimentary exchange psychology could be expected to produce fairly accurate microeconomic intuitions. Existing evidence supports this prediction.
Comparing Spending on Medical Care in the United States and Other Countries—In Reply
Authors: Irene Papanicolas, Liana R. Woskie, Ashish K. Jha
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Unsolicited consultation by infectious diseases specialist improves outcomes in patients with bloodstream infection: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Patricia Jiménez-Aguilar, Alberto Romero-Palacios, Iría-Jesus De-la-Calle, María-Carmen Martínez-Rubio, José-Antonio Girón-González, Jesus Rodríguez-Baño
Journal: Journal of Infection (2018)
Diagnostic Accuracy of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase‐7 for Biliary Atresia
Authors: Li Yang, Ying Zhou, Pei‐pei Xu, Reena Mourya, Hai‐yan Lei, Guo‐qing Cao, Xiao‐li Xiong, Hui Xu, Xu‐fei Duan, Na Wang, Lin Fei, Xiao‐pan Chang, Xi Zhang, Meng Jiang, Jorge A. Bezerra, Shao‐tao Tang
Journal: Hepatology (2018)

The diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) remains a clinical challenge because affected infants have signs, symptoms, and serum liver biochemistry that are also seen in those with other causes of neonatal cholestasis (non‐BA). However, an early diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment are required to improve clinical outcome. Recently, the relative abundance of serum matrix metalloproteinase‐7 (MMP‐7) was suggested to have discriminatory features for infants with BA. To test the hypothesis that elevated serum concentration of MMP‐7 is highly diagnostic for BA, we determined the normal serum concentration of MMP‐7 in healthy control infants, and then in 135 consecutive infants being evaluated for cholestasis. The median concentration for MMP‐7 was 2.86 ng/mL (interquartile range, IQR: 1.32‐5.32) in normal controls, 11.47 ng/mL (IQR: 8.54‐24.55) for non‐BA, and 121.1 ng/mL (IQR: 85.42‐224.4) for BA ( P &lt; 0.0001). The area under the curve of MMP‐7 for the diagnosis of BA was 0.9900 with a cutoff value of 52.85 ng/mL; the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 98.67% and 95.00%, respectively, with a negative predictive value of 98.28%. Conclusion: Serum MMP‐7 assay has high sensitivity and specificity to differentiate BA from other neonatal cholestasis, and may be a reliable biomarker for BA.
Clinical Significance of 4L Lymph Node Dissection in Left Lung Cancer
Authors: Ya-Nan Wang, Shuang Yao, Chang-Li Wang, Mei-Shuang Li, Lei-Na Sun, Qing-Na Yan, Shao-Wen Tang, Zhen-Fa Zhang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

To investigate the prognostic impact of 4L lymph node (LN) dissection in left lung cancer and to analyze the relative risk factors for 4L LN metastasis.We retrospectively collected data from 657 patients with primary left lung cancer who underwent surgical pulmonary resection from January 2005 to December 2009. One hundred thirty-nine patients underwent 4L LN dissection (4LD+ group); the other 518 patients did not receive 4L LN dissection (4LD- group). Propensity score weighting was applied to reduce the effects of observed confounding between the two groups. Study end points were disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).The metastasis rate of station 4L was 20.9%, which was significantly higher than those of station 7 (14.0%; P = .048) and station 9 (9.8%; P < .001). Station 4L metastasis was associated with most other LN station metastases in univariate analysis, but only station 10 LN metastasis was an independent risk factor for 4L LN metastasis (odds ratio, 0.253; 95% CI, 0.109 to 0.588; P = .001) in multivariate logistic analysis. The 4LD+ group had a significantly better survival than the 4LD- group (5-year DFS, 54.8% v 42.7%; P = .0376; 5-year OS, 58.9% v 47.2%; P = .0200). After allowing potential confounders in multivariate survival analysis, dissection of 4L LN retained its independent favorable effect on DFS (hazard ratio, 1.502; 95% CI, 1.159 to 1.947; P = .002) and OS (hazard ratio, 1.585; 95% CI, 1.222 to 2.057; P = .001). Propensity score weighting further confirmed that the 4LD+ group had a more favorable DFS ( P = .0014) and OS ( P < .001) than the 4LD- group.Station 4L LN involvement is not rare in left lung cancer, and dissection of the 4L LN station seems to be associated with a more favorable prognosis as compared with those who did not undergo this dissection.
Abstract 14155: The Wavelet Transform of Pulse Wave and Electrocardiogram Improves Accuracy of Blood Pressure Estimation in Cuffless Blood Pressure Measurement
Authors: Syunsuke Yamanaka, Koji Morikawa, Osamu Yamamura, Hiroshi Morita, Ji Young Huh
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Cuffless blood pressure (BP) measurement has several advantages over the conventional cuff-type BP measurement. One of these advantages is monitoring BP without causing the patient an...
Abstract 17230: Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Quantified from Standard ECG for Risk Stratification of Post-Infarction Patients
Authors: Daniel Sinnecker, Petra Barthel, Alexander Müller, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz, Georg Schmidt
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Objectives: Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reflects modulation of the sinoatrial node discharge frequency by the autonomic nervous system. Impaired autonomic function is associated with adverse...
Cottage by the sea or house above the trees: which is better for my lungs?
Authors: Andre F S Amaral, Jennifer K Quint
Journal: Thorax (2018)

Lung function is better than systolic blood pressure in predicting all-cause mortality and surprisingly circulatory disease mortality.1 It is a strong predictor of shorter survival even among people who have never smoked and in those with no symptoms of lung disease.1–3 A lung function lower than normal is usually the result of poor lung development in early life or a rapid decline of lung function with age during adulthood or both.4–6

The best established risk factor for rapid decline in lung function is tobacco smoking,7 but obesity, occupational exposures and socioeconomic position-related factors may also play a key role.8–12 In addition, there is evidence showing that people with asthma or hypertension tend to see a faster deterioration of their lung function.5 13 However, most data on this topic come from studies carried out mainly in high-income countries bringing into question whether the same is true in low/middle-income countries, where the prevalence of tobacco smoking has been lower and other environmental factors may be of greater relevance.

Miele et al 14 report findings of the CRONICAS study where they investigated whether prebronchodilator lung function is affected by factors such as urbanisation, altitude, use of biomass for cooking, asthma, chronic bronchitis, history of pulmonary TB, hypertension, body mass index (BMI), diabetes and systemic C-reactive protein levels. …
Pragmatic Airway Management in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Lars W. Andersen, Asger Granfeldt
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 15558: Clinical and Electrographic Predictors of Ischemic Cardiomyopathy During Initial Evaluation of Patients With Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Arvind R Devanabanda, Nathaniel R Smilowitz, George Zakhem, Sohah Iqbal, William Slater, John Coppola
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: The initial evaluation of cardiomyopathy (CM) is a common diagnostic challenge. Invasive coronary angiography is routinely performed to exclude ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Clinical...
A cloning and expression system to probe T-cell receptor specificity and assess functional avidity to neoantigens
Authors: Zhuting Hu, Annabelle J. Anandappa, Jing Sun, Jintaek Kim, Donna E. Leet, David J. Bozym, Christina Chen, Louise Williams, Sachet A. Shukla, Wandi Zhang, Diana Tabbaa, Scott Steelman, Oriol Olive, Kenneth J. Livak, Hiroyuki Kishi, Atsushi Muraguchi, Indira Guleria, Jonathan Stevens, William J. Lane, Ute E. Burkhardt, Edward F. Fritsch, Donna Neuberg, Patrick A. Ott, Derin B. Keskin, Nir Hacohen, Catherine J. Wu
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract 223: Troponin I Tyrosine Phosphorylation Modulation of Cardiac Function
Authors: Elizabeth A Brundage, Brendan Agatisa-Boyle, Vikram Shettigar, Jae-Hoon Chung, Ziqing Qian, Hussam E Salhi, Paul M Janssen, Dehua Pei, Jonathan P Davis, Mark T Ziolo, Brandon J Biesiadecki
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

Heart failure results in depressed contraction and slowed relaxation, both of which limit heart function and contribute to the progression of heart disease. Currently there is no chronic therapy to accelerate relaxation and reverse the diastolic dysfunction present in heart failure. Myocardial relaxation is regulated by serine/threonine phosphorylation of key regulatory proteins. Tyrosine (Tyr) specific kinases are expressed in the heart but the Tyr phosphorylation of regulatory proteins to modulate heart function has not been demonstrated. To investigate the effects of Tyr kinase phosphorylation on cardiac contraction we employed a novel cell penetrating peptide to deliver a direct Tyr kinase activator into isolated adult myocytes. Results demonstrate Tyr kinases activation increases Tyr phosphorylation of the regulatory protein troponin I (TnI) at Tyr26. We have demonstrated that TnI Tyr26 phosphorylation is beneficial to cardiac health by decreasing calcium sensitivity and accelerating myofilament deactivation (key determinants in accelerating myocardial relaxation) and that TnI Tyr26 phosphorylation undergoes functional integration with TnI Ser23/24 resulting in further accelerated calcium dissociation (accelerated relaxation) without further decreased calcium sensitivity (no further depression of contraction). We now demonstrate TnI Tyr26 also undergoes novel signaling integration with TnI Ser23/24 phosphorylation increasing the rate of Tyr kinase mediated Tyr26 phosphorylation. For the first time we demonstrate tyrosine kinase phosphorylation of TnI at Tyr26 modulates cardiac function resulting in accelerated relaxation. Increasing TnI Tyr26 phosphorylation may therefore serve as a novel targeted mechanism for future therapeutic development to accelerate depressed myocardial relaxation and improve diastolic dysfunction in heart failure.
Abstract 18403: Enhanced Sternal Healing via Effect of Controlled Release and Spatial Retention of Platelet-Rich Plasma Impregnated in Biodegradable Gelatin Hydrogel
Authors: Masafumi Shibata, Jiro Kurita, Yasuo Miyagi, Takashi Nitta
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains numerous growth factors and accelerates bone fracture healing. However, it is limited by the short half-life period during which it can promote reg...
Longitudinal Assessment of Three Serum Biomarkers to Detect Very Early‐Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Jonggi Choi, Gi‐Ae Kim, Seungbong Han, Woochang Lee, Sail Chun, Young‐Suk Lim
Journal: Hepatology (2018)

We aimed to determine the surveillance performance of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), lectin‐reactive AFP (AFP‐L3), des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin (DCP), and their combinations for the early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by using prospectively collected longitudinal samples in patients at risk. Among 689 patients with cirrhosis and/or chronic hepatitis B who participated in four prospective studies, 42 HCC cases were diagnosed, selected, and matched with 168 controls for age, sex, etiology, cirrhosis, and duration of follow‐up in a 1:4 ratio. Levels of AFP, AFP‐L3, and DCP at the time of HCC diagnosis, month −6, and month −12 were compared between cases and controls. Of 42 HCC cases, 39 (93%) had cirrhosis, 36 (85.7%) had normal alanine aminotransferase levels, and 31 (73.8%) had very early‐stage HCC (single <2 cm). AFP and AFP‐L3 began to increase from 6 months before diagnosis of HCC in cases (P < 0.05), while they remained unchanged in controls. At HCC diagnosis, the area under the receiver operator characteristic curves (AUROCs) for AFP, AFP‐L3, and DCP were 0.77, 0.73, and 0.71, respectively. Combining AFP and AFP‐L3 showed a higher AUROC (0.83), while adding DCP did not further improve the AUROC (0.86). With the optimal cutoff values (AFP, 5 ng/mL; AFP‐L3, 4%), the sensitivity and specificity of AFP and AFP‐L3 combination were 79% and 87%, respectively. The sensitivity of ultrasonography was 48.6%, which was increased to 88.6% and 94.3% by adding AFP and AFP + AFP‐L3, respectively. Conclusion: Among three biomarkers, AFP showed the best performance in discriminating HCC cases from controls; the AFP and AFP‐L3 combination, adopting cutoff values (5 ng/mL and 4%, respectively), significantly improved the sensitivity for detecting HCC at a very early stage.
Long-term efficacy and effectiveness of a behavioural and community-based exercise intervention (Urban Training) to increase physical activity in patients with COPD: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Ane Arbillaga-Etxarri, Elena Gimeno-Santos, Anael Barberan-Garcia, Eva Balcells, Marta Benet, Eulàlia Borrell, Nuria Celorrio, Anna Delgado, Carme Jané, Alicia Marin, Carlos Martín-Cantera, Mónica Monteagudo, Nuria Montellà, Laura Muñoz, Pilar Ortega, Diego A. Rodríguez, Robert Rodríguez-Roisin, Pere Simonet, Pere Torán-Monserrat, Jaume Torrent-Pallicer, Pere Vall-Casas, Jordi Vilaró, Judith Garcia-Aymerich
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

There is a need to increase and maintain physical activity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We assessed 12-month efficacy and effectiveness of the Urban Training intervention on physical activity in COPD patients. This randomised controlled trial ( NCT01897298 ) allocated 407 COPD patients from primary and hospital settings 1:1 to usual care (n=205) or Urban Training (n=202). Urban Training consisted of a baseline motivational interview, advice to walk on urban trails designed for COPD patients in outdoor public spaces and other optional components for feedback, motivation, information and support (pedometer, calendar, physical activity brochure, website, phone text messages, walking groups and a phone number). The primary outcome was 12-month change in steps·day −1 measured by accelerometer. Efficacy analysis (with per-protocol analysis set, n=233 classified as adherent to the assigned intervention) showed adjusted (95% CI) 12-month difference +957 (184–1731) steps·day −1 between Urban Training and usual care. Effectiveness analysis (with intention-to-treat analysis set, n=280 patients completing the study at 12 months including unwilling and self-reported non-adherent patients) showed no differences between groups. Leg muscle pain during walks was more frequently reported in Urban Training than usual care, without differences in any of the other adverse events. Urban Training, combining behavioural strategies with unsupervised outdoor walking, was efficacious in increasing physical activity after 12 months in COPD patients, with few safety concerns. However, it was ineffective in the full population including unwilling and self-reported non-adherent patients.
Lenalidomide in combination with R-CHOP (R2-CHOP) as first-line treatment of patients with high tumour burden follicular lymphoma: a single-arm, open-label, phase 2 study
Authors: Hervé Tilly, Franck Morschhauser, Olivier Casasnovas, Thierry Jo Molina, Pierre Feugier, Steven Le Gouill, Corinne Haioun, Olivier Tournilhac, Reda Bouabdallah, Jean Gabarre, Thierry Lamy, José Cabeçadas, Stéphanie Becker, Fabrice Jardin, Nicolas Mounier, Gilles Salles
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2018)