tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Liver segment imaging using monocyte sequestration: a potential tool for fluorescence-guided liver surgery
Authors: Baifeng Qian, Daisuke Kyuno, Michael Schäfer, Wolfgang Gross, Arianeb Mehrabi, Eduard Ryschich
Journal: Theranostics (2018)

Background:The accurate determination of liver segment anatomy is essential to perform liver resection without complications and to ensure long-term outcomes after this operation.There are several perioperative methods for segment identification and surgical navigation, such as intraoperative ultrasound, indigo carmine and near-infrared imaging with indocyanine green.The present study experimentally analyzed the usefulness of monocyte sequestration for liver segment labeling and imaging.Methods: Human monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood and directly or indirectly labeled with calcein or IRDye 800CW.Potential toxicity, labeling stability, and adhesion to ICAM-1 were analyzed in vitro.Monocyte sequestration in the liver microvasculature and liver segment labeling and boundary demarcation were studied using isolated mouse and pig liver perfusion and via intraportal injection in mouse liver tumor models. Results:The highest monocyte labeling efficiency was achieved using direct labeling with IRDye 800CW.Labeling was stable and did not influence cell viability.The labeled monocytes were highly sequestrated in the liver microvasculature, both after ex vivo perfusion and after injection in vivo , resulting in excellent labeling of selected liver segments and strong segment boundary demarcation.In contrast to results to a normal liver, monocyte sequestration was very low in tumor-associated blood vessels. Conclusions:The present experimental study shows that sequestration of labeled monocytes after superselective application demarcates the selected liver segment.These results illustrate potential of this technique for surgical navigation during liver surgery.
Understanding organisational culture for healthcare quality improvement
Authors: Russell Mannion, Huw Davies
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Russell Mannion and Huw Davies explore how notions of culture relate to service performance, quality, safety, and improvement ### Key messages If we believe the headlines, health services are suffering epidemics of cultural shortcomings. Extensive enquiries into failures and scandals in the NHS over several decades have indicated aspects of hospital culture as leading to those failings.(box 1).12 The recent report into over 450 premature deaths at Gosport War Memorial Hospital mentions culture 21 times.3 After such reports, widespread and fundamental cultural change is typically prescribed as the remedy (box 1).45 Box 1 ### Centrality of culture to healthcare scandals: from Kennedy to Francis From Ian Kennedy’s review of the failings in paediatric cardiac surgery in Bristol during the 1980s and 90s2 to Robert Francis’s inquiry into the systemic failings at Mid Staffordshire Hospital Trust over a decade later,1 culture has been implicated. #### Culture as culprit “There was an insular ‘club’ culture [at Bristol], in which it was difficult for anyone to stand out, to press for change, or to raise questions and concerns” (p302)2 “Aspects of a negative culture have emerged at all levels of the NHS system. These include: a lack of consideration of risks to patients, defensiveness, looking inwards not outwards, secrecy, misplaced assumptions of trust, acceptance of poor standards, and, above all, a failure to put the patient … RETURN TO TEXT
National trends in opioid-related hospitalizations among patients with cancer.
Authors: Isaac S. Chua, Richard Leiter, Kate T. Brizzi, Charles A. Coey, Emanuele Mazzola, James A. Tulsky, Charlotta Lindvall
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

199 Background: Cancer patients are routinely prescribed opioids for cancer-related pain. With recent attention to the opioid epidemic, we sought to identify risk factors and to describe the incidence of opioid-related hospitalizations among cancer patients. Methods: Serial cross-sectional study of adult cancer patients with opioid-related hospitalizations using the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from January 2006 to December 2014. We identified cancer patients using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes. We defined opioid-related hospitalizations as ICD-9 codes for heroin poisoning, opioid poisoning, or opioid dependence or abuse in the primary diagnosis field. A logistic regression model identified predictors for opioid-related hospitalizations. We adjusted temporal trends for opioid-related hospitalizations for all-cause hospitalizations among cancer patients. Results: Among 25,443,362 hospitalizations for cancer patients, there were 14,336 opioid-related hospitalizations. Non-heroin opioid poisoning made up 88% of opioid-related hospitalizations. Predictors for opioid-related hospitalizations for cancer patients included drug abuse (OR 9.40, 95% CI 8.28 - 10.66), younger age [age 18 - 29 (OR 4.00, 95% CI 3.10 - 5.17); age 30 - 49 (OR 3.99, 95% CI 3.43 - 4.65)], depression (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.97 - 2.39), alcohol abuse (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.03 - 1.41), and year of hospitalization [2009-2011 (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.07 - 1.32); 2012 - 2014 (OR 1.19; 95% CI, 1.06 - 1.32)]. On average, opioid-related hospitalizations increased by 0.003% per year (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Opioid-related hospitalizations among cancer patients are rare, appear to be increasing over time, and are largely due to non-heroin opioid poisoning. Standardized opioid risk screening based on validated predictors may identify cancer patients with the greatest risk of an opioid-related hospitalization.
The European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration (EMBARC) ERS Clinical Research Collaboration
Authors: Stefano Aliberti, Eva Polverino, James D. Chalmers, Josje Altenburg, Michal Shteinberg, Pieter C. Goeminne, Tobias Welte, Amelia Shoemark, Marta Almagro, Francesco Blasi
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

<b>The European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration (EMBARC) is the ERS Clinical Research Collaboration born to develop scientific, educational and advocacy activities for bronchiectasis at an international level</b>http://ow.ly/EHr030mxEcC
Constant sickness is not good news
Authors: Rowan Davies
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Constant sickness is not good newsRowan Davies explains why pregnancy related sickness sucks the joy out of life and led her to consider a termination Rowan DaviesMy first pregnancy was unplanned but welcome.I became hyperemetic quickly.I felt queasy even before the positive pregnancy test result-around week 4 of the pregnancy everything suddenly smelt strongly, and my appetite dropped sharply.By week 5 I had started to vomit more than 20 times a day and I was unable to hold down water or food.Food-the thought of it and the smell of it-was the major trigger.I was so overwhelmingly nauseous that it was difficult to tell what made me sick: it would be easier to list the things that didn't.Hyperemesis sucks the joy out of life.I couldn't pop out for a coffee, meet friends, look at a computer screen, listen to the radio, have conversations, or read.My world became tiny and bleak.My skin ached, and I have never felt so weak.I thought that I was somehow encouraging or promoting the nausea.It didn't occur to me that I had a recognised medical condition.
Has a New Determinant of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Outcomes Been Identified?
Authors: John D. Carroll
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Abstract 11927: Theracurmin Attenuates Cardiac NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in a Rodent Model of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Antoinette Bugyei-Twum, Armin Abadeh, Kerri Thai, Melissa Mitchell, Mohammed G Kabir, Kim A Connelly
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Theracurmin is a novel formulation of the polyphenolic compound curcumin, which has been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties in a wide range of diseases. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), NLRP3 and inflammasome-dependent cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 have been shown to contribute significantly to disease progression and ensuing cardiovascular complications. Here, we investigate the cardio-renal effects of theracurmin in a rodent model of CKD and assess its impact on NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to undergo sham or subtotal nephrectomy (SNx) surgery at 8 weeks of age. At 3 weeks post surgery, SNx animals were randomized to received 100mg/kg/day of theracurmin via once daily oral gavage. At 8 weeks post surgery, cardiac function was assessed, followed by LV and renal tissue collection for analysis. Results: Renal dysfunction, evidenced by elevated blood pressure and proteinuria, was confirmed in SNx animals. Treatment with theracurmin had no significant effect on renal function; however, an improvement in systolic blood pressure was observed (p&lt;0.05). Cardiac function of SNx animals was improved with theracurmin treatment. Chamber compliance, as measured by the slope of the end diastolic pressure volume relationship was improved (p&lt;0.05). SNx-induced LV hypertrophy and fibrosis was attenuated with theracurmin treatment (p&lt;0.05). Cardiac NLRP3 inflammasome activation, characterized by an overexpression of NLRP3 inflammasome components in SNx animals, was also attenuated in theracurmin treated animals (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: Theracurmin may be an effective compound to ameliorate cardiovascular events in the setting of CKD. The noted improvements to cardiac structure and function, albeit in the absence of significant changes to renal function, suggests a cardioprotective effect of the compound and raises the possibility of a dose-specific effect of theracurmin in the setting of CKD.
Abstract 16251: Neuroprotection by Near-infrared Light in a Rat Stroke Model
Authors: Aqeela Afzal, Janis T Eells, Michele Salzman, Matthias Riess
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Intravenous tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) is the only FDA approved pharmacological therapy for stroke. However, tPA can only be administered within 4.5 hours post stroke, and intracerebral hemorrhage remains a serious complication, severely limiting the use of tPA. Photobiomodulation (PBM) stimulates healing and repair of injuries by lowering swelling and inflammation. Targeting mitochondria, PBM results in modulation of reactive oxygen species, increased ATP production, activation of transcriptional factors, increased nitric oxide release and prevention of apoptotic cell death. Studies using ~809 nm light-emitting diodes (LED) have reported mixed results in animals and human clinical trials. Hypothesis: The use of 670 nm LED PBM rescues locomotor function in a rat model of ischemic stroke. Methods: A heat blunted nylon monofilament suture was introduced into the left common carotid artery and fed through the internal carotid artery into the middle cerebral artery of anesthetized male Sprague Dawley rats. Occlusion was maintained for 60 min and reperfusion achieved by removal of the filament. A 670 nm LED was used directly on top of the skull. One 90 sec treatment with a hand-held WARP10 device (Quantum Devices, Barneveld, WI, USA) delivered a power density of 50 mW/cm2 and a dose of 4 J/cm2. The light was administered at reperfusion, 2 hrs post and 24 hrs post reperfusion. Behavior was recorded in a Phenotyper cage pre and 24 hrs post stroke and analyzed using specialized software. Rats were euthanized 24 hrs post stroke, and their brains removed for infarct volume assessment by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Statistics: ANOVA with Newman-Keuls post hoc test. Data are mean ± SEM, significance accepted at p &lt; 0.05. Results: Rats treated with 670 nm LED PBM had significantly reduced infarct volumes compared to stroke alone (64±16% vs 83±14%). In addition, LED-treated rats showed better recovery of locomotor function: distance moved (sham control 3133±291, stroke 704±254, stroke+LED 3693±1953 cm). Conclusions: Our data suggest a potential neuroprotective role of 670 nm LED PBM in a rat experimental model of stroke.
Elective Vs Non-Elective Hospital Admissions By Patients with Multiple Myeloma in England 2014 - 2018
Authors: Karthik Ramasamy, Spyros Kolovos, Guido Nador, Rosemarie Finley, Matthew Streetly, Bhuvan Kishore, Neil K Rabin, Andrew D Chantry, Kwee Yong, John Ashcroft, Stella Bowcock, Mark T Drayson, Daniel Prieto-Alhambra, Cyrus Cooper, Muhammad Kassim Javaid, Rafael Pinedo-Villanueva
Journal: Blood (2018)
Bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone with panobinostat for front-line treatment of patients with multiple myeloma who are eligible for transplantation: a phase 1 trial
Authors: Elisabet E Manasanch, Jatin J Shah, Hans C Lee, Donna M Weber, Sheeba K Thomas, Behrang Amini, Lei Feng, Zuzana Berkova, Michelle Hildebrandt, Robert Z Orlowski
Journal: The Lancet Haematology (2018)
Symposia and Oral Presentations
Authors: O Cornely, B Gachot, H Akan, M Bassetti, O Uzun, C Kibbler, O Marchetti, J Bille, P De Burghgraeve, L Pylkkanen, L Ameye, M Paesmans, J Donnelly, M Puig, J Garnacho, B Padilla, R Zaragoza, J Aguado, M Montejo, P Mun ˜oz, B Almirante, T Pela ´ez, B Gama, L Alcala, P Gijo ´n, E Bunsow, M Valerio, J Guinea, E Bouza, M Lackner, S De Hoog, P Verweij, M Najafzadeh, C Klaassen, J Meis
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2012)
Abstract 20825: Role of Intestinal Permeability and Secretory Iga in the Development of Cardiovascular Pathology in a Murine Model of Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Magali Noval Rivas, Daiko Wakita, Masanori Abe, Michael K Franklin, Shuang Chen, Kenichi Shimada, Timothy R Crother, Moshe Arditi
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Kawasaki Disease (KD) is an acute febrile illness and systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology and the leading cause of acquired heart disease among children. Children with KD can suffer...
Abstract 17718: New Oral Anticoagulants: Bleeding Rates Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Gregory Roth, Jeremy Smith, Kimon Bekelis, Nancy E Morden
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: In randomized trials of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF), new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been shown to confer a lower risk of major bleeding than warfarin. Outside of these select study settings, bleeding outcomes for these medications have not been examined sufficiently. We studied a national sample of patients with AF to explore bleeding risks associated with NOACs in routine clinical settings. Methods: Using a 40% Medicare random sample denominator file and associated inpatient, outpatient and prescription administrative data from 2009-2012, we identified patients age 65 and older with new onset, non-valvular AF. Cox regression models estimated risk of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) and nontraumatic intracranial (IC) bleeding associated with NOAC (dabigatran and rivaroxaban) compared to warfarin use, adjusting for individual characteristics, morbidities, and time-varying medication use. The analysis excluded person-months with concurrent prescriptions filled for an antiplatelet medication (e.g. clopidogrel). Results: We identified 157,390 incident AF patients, mean age 77.8 (standard deviation (SD) 7.8); mean follow up was 10.8 months (SD 6.9); In the first year post-index diagnosis, 41.5% of patients received some oral anticoagulant; of these, 28.2% used NOACs (75% dabigatran, 25% rivaroxaban). Overall 24,661 bleeding events were observed (11,015 UGI and 1,868 IC). Out of 1,487,675 person-months, 212,670 (14.3%) were excluded due to concurrent prescription antiplatelet exposure. Compared to warfarin, the hazard ratio for bleeding associated with NOAC was 1.33 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.47) for UGI, 0.59 (95% CI 0.42 to 0.82) for IC, and 1.09 (95% CI 1.02, 1.17) for all significant bleeding combined. Conclusions: Compared with warfarin, NOACs were associated with a lower risk of IC bleeding, a higher risk of UGI bleeding and a modestly higher risk of significant bleeding overall. These results should inform clinical decision-making and selection of individualized thromboembolism prophylaxis strategies among AF patients. Further studies are needed to illuminate the divergent UGI and IC bleeding risks observed and to identify patient-level factors predictive of these outcomes.
Abstract 16610: Efficacy and Safety of Sodium Zirconium Cyclosilicate to Treat Hyperkalemia Among Patients Taking Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors in a 12-Month, Open-Label, Phase 3 Study: A Post Hoc Subgroup Analysis
Authors: Peter McCullough, Pablo Pergola, Steven Fishbane, Stephan von Haehling, Simon Roger, Scott Adler, Bhupinder Singh, Philip Lavin, Javed Butler, Geoffrey Block, Edgar Lerma, David Packham, Mikhail Kosiborod
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Hyperkalemia (HK) is a common complication of RAASi treatment, and frequently leads to dose reduction or discontinuation. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (ZS), a rapidly effective sele...
Outcomes after empiric radiation therapy for leukemic infiltrates of the lung: A single institution experience.
Authors: John Byun, Salma Jabbour, Vimal D. Patel, Rahul Parikh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

225 Background: Acute leukemias (AL) may present with variable clinical findings, from incidental discovery to respiratory distress or obtundation. However, patients may progress rapidly, requiring emergent treatments including leukophoresis, chemotherapy or radiation. There is little to no data supporting the use of radiation therapy in the setting of presumed lung infiltration. We present the first known case series on the treatment of presumed leukemic lung infiltration with empiric radiation therapy (eRT). Methods: Eleven patients with AL from 2008 – 2018 were identified who were treated with eRT at our center. All patients were on empiric antibiotics, and all were noted to have at least one chest plain film with suspicious infiltrates. The median age was 66 years old (29-77), and five of eleven patients were febrile at the start of radiation. One patient had been intubated prior to radiation delivery. Three of seven patients underwent leukophoresis and six of ten patients received any chemotherapy prior to eRT. Results: The median treatment regimen was 450cGy (range 50 – 1050) in 3 fractions (1 – 7). The median white blood cell (WBC) count prior to radiation therapy was 119.0 x 10 3 /μL (highest recorded, 1.9 – 317.6), with median blast percentage on manual differential, 88% (3 – 98). All eleven patients had a large reduction in WBC count within the first day of eRT, with median response 48.2% decrease in WBC count (31.7 –99.8; average 57.3%). Ten of ten patients reported subjective improvement in breathing. Conclusions: Empiric radiation therapy is a safe and effective means for rapidly decreasing leukocyte counts and for symptomatic palliation in patients with AL and radiographic chest infiltrates.
Expression of PD-1 by T Cells in Malignant Glioma Patients Reflects Exhaustion and Activation
Authors: Tom B. Davidson, Alexander Lee, Melody Hsu, Shaina Sedighim, Joey Orpilla, Janet Treger, Max Mastall, Saskia Roesch, Carmen Rapp, Mildred Galvez, Aaron Mochizuki, Joseph Antonios, Alejandro Garcia, Nikesh Kotecha, Nicholas Bayless, David Nathanson, Anthony Wang, Richard Everson, William H. Yong, Timothy F. Cloughesy, Linda M. Liau, Christel Herold-Mende, Robert M. Prins
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Purpose: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system. Our recent preclinical work has suggested that PD-1/PD-L1 plays an important immunoregulatory role to limit effective antitumor T-cell responses induced by active immunotherapy. However, little is known about the functional role that PD-1 plays on human T lymphocytes in patients with malignant glioma. Experimental Design: In this study, we examined the immune landscape and function of PD-1 expression by T cells from tumor and peripheral blood in patients with malignant glioma. Results: We found several differences between PD-1+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and patient-matched PD-1+ peripheral blood T lymphocytes. Phenotypically, PD-1+ TILs exhibited higher expression of markers of activation and exhaustion than peripheral blood PD-1+ T cells, which instead had increased markers of memory. A comparison of the T-cell receptor variable chain populations revealed decreased diversity in T cells that expressed PD-1, regardless of the location obtained. Functionally, peripheral blood PD-1+ T cells had a significantly increased proliferative capacity upon activation compared with PD-1− T cells. Conclusions: Our evidence suggests that PD-1 expression in patients with glioma reflects chronically activated effector T cells that display hallmarks of memory and exhaustion depending on its anatomic location. The decreased diversity in PD-1+ T cells suggests that the PD-1–expressing population has a narrower range of cognate antigen targets compared with the PD-1 nonexpression population. This information can be used to inform how we interpret immune responses to PD-1–blocking therapies or other immunotherapies.
States Move to Substitute Opioids With Medical Marijuana to Quell Epidemic
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal