tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract P307: Association of Psychosocial Factors With Leukocyte Telomere Length Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Christina D Jordan
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a biomarker of cellular aging, is associated with human longevity. Psychosocial stressors are associated with shorter LTL. African Americans (AAs) experience greater stressor levels compared to other racial and ethnic groups. Research on associations of psychosocial factors with LTL among AAs is not well understood. Using Jackson Heart Study (JHS) data, we examined associations of psychosocial factors (negative affect and stressors) with LTL among AAs. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that psychosocial factors are inversely associated with LTL. Methods: Analysis was restricted to 2,516 JHS participants with LTL and psychosocial data between 2000-2004. Cross-sectional associations of negative affect [cynical distrust, anger-in, anger-out, depressive symptoms] and stressors [perceived stress, weekly stress inventory event (WSI-event), WSI-impact, major life event (MLE)] were examined with LTL among participants aged 21-95 years old (women=1,542; men=974). Psychosocial variables were measured by standardized questionnaires; LTL was measured by Southern blot. Summations of the four psychosocial measures were created for negative affect and stressors, with scores ranging from 4-12. We expressed each individual psychosocial measure into categories (tertiles: low, moderate, high) and in continuous standard deviation (SD) units. Using multivariable linear regression we evaluated the associations of psychosocial factors with mean differences (beta coefficient, b) in LTL adjusting for demographics (Model 1), socioeconomic status (SES) (Model 2), health behaviors, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (Model 3), and coping (Model 4). Results: High (vs low) anger-out was inversely associated with LTL in Model 1 (b = -0.043, p=0.008) and Model 2 (b = -0.0395, p=0.03), where 1-SD unit increase in anger-out was associated with shorter LTL. High (vs low) cumulative negative affect was marginally associated with insignificantly shorter LTL in Model 1 (b = -0.09, p=0.06) and Model 2 (b = -0.09, p=0.07) before transformation to SD units. There was no association between psychosocial stressors and shorter LTL in this sample. Paradoxically, high (vs low) WSI-event was positively associated with LTL (b =0.042, p=0.016), where 1-SD unit increase in WSI-event was associated with longer LTL after full adjustment. Conclusion: Depressive symptoms were associated with LTL shortening in the literature. The current study associates anger-out with shorter LTL, while WSI-event was associated with longer LTL among AAs in the JHS. Possibly, stress pathways that effect telomere length vary, where high stress can trigger LTL lengthening or shortening. Mechanisms of the paradoxical association between stress and telomere length must be further explored among AAs.
Drug points: Parotitis induced by chlormethiazole
Authors: X Bosch, M Sans, F Martinez-Orozco, A Urbano-Marquez
Journal: BMJ (1994)

GARTMANN (Swiss Drug Monitoring Centre, write: We describe five cases of arthralgia associated with ome- prazole.In all cases the patients were treated with 20-40 mg omeprazole daily.A 27 year old woman was given omeprazole for a duodenal ulcer that was unresponsive to ranitidine.After 10 days she developed swelling of her fingers, knees, and ankles, with pruritus and erythema over the metacarpal joints.Treatment was stopped and symptoms disappeared within 10 days.
Small Interfering RNA-Mediated Control of Virus Replication in the CNS Is Therapeutic and Enables Natural Immunity to West Nile Virus
Authors: Jagadish Beloor, Nyree Maes, Irfan Ullah, Pradeep Uchil, Andrew Jackson, Erol Fikrig, Sang Kyung Lee, Priti Kumar
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2018)
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
Authors: B J Rembacken, T Gotoda, T Fujii, A T Axon
Journal: Endoscopy (2001)

We are now finding more malignancies in their early stages than previously. Attempts to ablate these lesions are difficult and do not provide the histological information required to decide on further treatment. Surgery is difficult to justify, as only a minority of lesions are associated with lymph node metastases and lesions may not become clinically relevant within the lifetime of an elderly patient. Endoscopic mucosal resection allows cancers to be resected at minimal cost, morbidity and mortality. It is also the most reliable investigation when assessing lesions which are suspicious for containing early cancer. After endoscopic removal, histological assessment of depth of penetration and a search for invasion into lymphatics or venules allows the risk of microscopic lymph node metastases to be predicted. The risk of developing metastatic disease can then be balanced against the risks of surgery in view of the patient's age and health.
Histologic Correlates of Non-Calcific Chronic Pancreatitis by EUS: A Prospective Tissue Characterization Study
Authors: S Varadarajulu, M Eloubeidi
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Aims: The significance of EUS features of non-calcific chronic pancreatitis (NCCP) remains unclear. Aim: Correlate EUS criteria for NCCP with histology from surgical specimens. Methods: Prospective study of ALL patients who underwent pancreatico-biliary EUS and subsequent pancreatic surgery over a 1-yr period. Patients with calcific CP were excluded. Using standard EUS criteria, individual CP features were carefully documented with relation to different parts of the pancreas, particularly, farther away from the pathology being evaluated. All patients underwent surgery within 2 months of EUS; none received preoperative chemo-radiation. A single pathologist blinded to EUS findings reviewed specimens and graded fibrosis (total score 12; ≥6=unequivocal CP). Quantitative ROC curve analysis and Spearman rank correlation coefficients were calculated. Results: Of 42 patients evaluated, NCCP was diagnosed by histology in 21 (50%). By ROC curve analysis, ≥4 EUS criteria provided the best sensitivity (90.5%), specificity (85.7%), and accuracy (88.1%) for diagnosing NCCP. Parenchymal EUS features significantly associated with histologic NCCP were foci (p<0.0001), stranding (p<0.001) and lobulation (p=0.04); ductal features were dilated (p<0.0001) or irregular main pancreatic duct (p<0.0001), side branches (p<0.001) and hyperechoic margins (p=0.03). There was a significant correlation between number of EUS criteria and severity of NCCP on histology (r=0.85; p<0.0001). Disease-free areas of the pancreas determined as being normal by EUS were normal at histology: Patients without CP/minimal disease by EUS (EUS criteria=0–3) had none or only minimal fibrosis at histology (score<4/12). Conclusions: This prospective study demonstrates an excellent correlation between endosonographic and histological findings of NCCP.
Pancreaticoduodenectomy is justified in a subset of elderly patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A population-based retrospective cohort study of 4,283 patients
Authors: Lili Lu, Xianbin Zhang, Guanglin Tang, Yuru Shang, Peng Liu, Yushan Wei, Peng Gong, Li Ma
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2018)
HIGH PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL METAPLASIA IN DIMINUTIVE ELEVATED LESIONS AT GASTROESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION AND THEIR NARROW BAND IMAGING CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: A Ramaswamy Saraswathy, A Chacko, PJ Koshy, M Mathan, MA Arvind
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

To study the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus (intestinal metaplasia) in subjects with diminutive elevated lesions at the gastroesophageal junction and the contribution of narrow band imaging (NBI) in characterizing these lesions.
SUCCESS, SECURITY AND USEFULNESS OF RIGHT COLON RETROFLEXION FOR THE DETECTION OF ADDITIONAL COLONIC LESIONS NOT VISUALIZED WITH STANDARD FRONTAL VIEW
Authors: O Nogales, R Borobia, L Carrion, E Martos, J Maza, C De Gracia, L Lucendo, M López-Ibáñez, J García-Lledó, L Pérez-Carazo
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Right colon retroflexion (RCR) seems to increase adenoma detection rate (ADR), but important variation in success and usefulness of this manoeuvre in the literature has been reported.
IMPROVING THE ADENOMA DETECTION RATE CONTINUOUSLY: IS IT WORTH THE EFFORT?
Authors: D Penz, E Waldmann, A Ferlitsch, B Majcher, A Asaturi, A Hinterberger, A Dokladanska, A Szymanska, M Trauner, M Ferlitsch
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Endoscopists Adenoma-Detection-Rate (ADR) is the best established quality-parameter in screening-colonoscopy. New ESGE-Guidelines recommend a target-ADR of 25%, as previous studies have shown that patients of endoscopists with higher ADR have less risk for interval cancer. However, recent studies showed that higher ADRs result in increasing detection of nonadvanced adenomas (NAADR) compared to the detection the advanced adenomas (AADR). The impact of of ADR on the detection of advanced-adenomas has therefore yet to be determined as well as complications-rates.
Adrenomedullin and Receptor for Urokinase Plasminogen Activator are involved in Hereditary Angioedema attacks: a transcriptomic study
Authors: Giuseppe Castellano, Chiara Divella, Fabio Sallustio, Montinaro Vincenzo, Claudia Curci, Zanichelli Andrea, Bonanni Erika, Suffritti Chiara, Caccia Sonia, Bossi Fleur, Anna Gallone, Francesco Paolo Schena, Loreto Gesualdo, Cicardi Marco
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Endoprothèses coliques dans le traitement des obstructions coliques néoplasiques: indications, efficacité, complications, et suivi: A propos de 135 patients consécutifs
Authors: L Kanafi, F Cessot, A Le Sidaner, R Legros, M Picard-Croguennec, B Dallaudiere, JB Ngomirakiza, D Sautereau
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Introduction: Le stent auto-extensible métallique a modifié la prise en charge des occlusions néoplasiques colorectales. Le stent colique est indiqué en préparation à la chirurgie ou comme traitement palliatif.
MASSIVE DIVERTICULAR BLEEDING: WHEN ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT IS AN EFFECTIVE OPTION
Authors: HE Benites Goñi, L Marin, F Palacios, KY Bustamante Robles
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Diverticular hemorrhage is one of the most common identifiable causes of lower gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. Although bleeding episodes often are self-limited, massive hemorrhage requiring therapeutic intervention occurs in a significant number of patients. Surgery traditionally has been the treatment of choice in such cases; however studies have suggested that endoscopic diagnosis and therapy using endoscopic procedures could be an initial treatment modality.
Traitement endoscopique d'hemorragies gastrointestinales par pince hemostatique
Authors: D Coumaros, N Tsesmeli, D Tzilves
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Introduction: Les pinces hémostatiques (PH) sont couramment utilisées dans la prévention et le traitement des saignements gastro-intestinaux (GI) au cours des dissections sous-muqueuses endoscopiques (ESD). Le but de cette présentation est de montrer que des saignements GI non liés à des ESD peuvent être aussi traités par PH.
MULTIPLE PLASTIC STENT (MPS) VERSUS FCSEMS FOR MANAGING POST LIVER TRANSPLANTATION BILIARY STRICTURE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANLAYSIS OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: A Tringali, G Bonato, M Cintolo, L Cristoferi, M Rossi, M Rota, M Mutignani
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Anastomotic stricture post liver trasnplasntation (LT) are one of the most common complications occuring in 4.5 – 32% of case. Multiple plastic stenting (MPS) has become the standard of endoscopic treatment but require multiple session with associated risk, cost and patients discomfort. Fully covered self expandable metal stent (FCSEMS) has been increasingly used in this setting. A recent systematic review including prospective studies did not evidence a clear advantage in using FCSEMS.
DEVELOPMENT OF ALGORITHM FOR ASSESSMENT OF NEOPLASTIC LESIONS OF THE SMALL BOWEL ON THE BASIS OF VIDEO CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY TO SUPPORT CLINICAL DECISION
Authors: DE Seleznev, AV Budykina, SE Rauzina, ED Fedorov, EV Ivanova
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Even for experienced decryptor search of tumors in video capsule record sometime presents significant difficulties. We made an attempt to develop rules for automated processing of endoscopic images, obtained during video capsule endoscopy (VCE).
Trophoblast-derived CXCL16 induces M2 macrophage polarization that in turn inactivates NK cells at the maternal–fetal interface
Authors: Xiao-Qiu Wang, Wen-Jie Zhou, Xin-Xin Hou, Qiang Fu, Da-Jin Li
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2018)

Decidual macrophages (dMΦ) are distinct from the conventional macrophages present in other tissues and express M2 macrophage markers, but the molecular mechanisms of formation and the roles of M2 MΦ during pregnancy have not been completely elucidated. The crosstalk between decidual natural killer cells (dNK) and dMΦ plays an important role in the maintenance of maternal–fetal immune tolerance. Here, CXCL16 derived from first-trimester trophoblast cells induces the polarization of human M2 macrophages. The M2 MΦ polarized by CXCL16 exhibit decreased interleukin-15 production, which facilitates the inactivation of NK cells. The cytotoxicity of NK cells is attenuated by the CXCL16-polarized M2 MΦ. The data shown in the present study provide evidence to support the hypothesis that CXCL16 secreted by trophoblast cells is a key molecule involved in decidual M2 MΦ polarization, which in turn regulates the killing ability of NK cells, thereby contributing to the homeostatic and immune-tolerant milieu required for successful fetal development.
The British Society of Gastroenterology/UK-PBC primary biliary cholangitis treatment and management guidelines
Authors: Gideon M Hirschfield, Jessica K Dyson, Graeme J M Alexander, Michael H Chapman, Jane Collier, Stefan Hübscher, Imran Patanwala, Stephen P Pereira, Collette Thain, Douglas Thorburn, Dina Tiniakos, Martine Walmsley, George Webster, David E J Jones
Journal: Gut (2018)

Primary biliary cholangitis (formerly known as primary biliary cirrhosis, PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease in which a cycle of immune mediated biliary epithelial cell injury, cholestasis and progressive fibrosis can culminate over time in an end-stage biliary cirrhosis. Both genetic and environmental influences are presumed relevant to disease initiation. PBC is most prevalent in women and those over the age of 50, but a spectrum of disease is recognised in adult patients globally; male sex, younger age at onset (<45) and advanced disease at presentation are baseline predictors of poorer outcome. As the disease is increasingly diagnosed through the combination of cholestatic serum liver tests and the presence of antimitochondrial antibodies, most presenting patients are not cirrhotic and the term cholangitis is more accurate. Disease course is frequently accompanied by symptoms that can be burdensome for patients, and management of patients with PBC must address, in a life-long manner, both disease progression and symptom burden. Licensed therapies include ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and obeticholic acid (OCA), alongside experimental new and re-purposed agents. Disease management focuses on initiation of UDCA for all patients and risk stratification based on baseline and on-treatment factors, including in particular the response to treatment. Those intolerant of treatment with UDCA or those with high-risk disease as evidenced by UDCA treatment failure (frequently reflected in trial and clinical practice as an alkaline phosphatase >1.67 × upper limit of normal and/or elevated bilirubin) should be considered for second-line therapy, of which OCA is the only currently licensed National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommended agent. Follow-up of patients is life-long and must address treatment of the disease and management of associated symptoms.
PANEOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS AND GASTROENTRITIS AS A CAUSE OF ASCITIS AND WEIGHT LOSS IN YOUNG ADOLESCENT
Authors: A El Hawary, H Elalfy, T Besheer, M Abdelaziz, M Abdelaziz
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Male patient aged 16 years old presented to (department of endemic gastroenterology and hepatology, Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt) with abdominal pain, epigastric associated with distention and weight loss not associated with vomiting or change in bowel motions by local examination reveal no organomegaly or lymphadenopathy blood picture indicate Leukocytosis mainly Eosinophils (58%) ESR 5 serum albumin 4.1 serum bilirubin 0.5 serum creatinine 0.9 no evidence of parasitic infestation by stool analysis abdominal ultrasonography revealed mild ascites with average sized homogeneous echopattern of the liver and normal size and shape of spleen and both kidneys Computed Tomography revealed increase mucosal thickness of lower end esophagus, antrum of stomach and small intestinal loops with largest diameter at terminal ileum reaching 12 mm with mild amount of free fluid in abdomen and pelvis Upper GI Endoscopy delineate esophageal multiple small longitudinal furrows with minute white patches, the antrum of stomach showed exaggerated mucosal folds with congestion and duodenum showed swollen oedematous congested mucosa with biopsies sent to pathologist approved nonspecific esophagitis and enteritis with preserved villous pattern with infiltration of lamina propria by excess eosinophils > 20/HPF picture suggestive of eosinophilic esophagitis and gastroenteritis.
A phase 1b (open-label)/phase 2 (randomized, double-blinded) study evaluating nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine with or without olaratumab in first-line treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer.
Authors: Johanna C. Bendell, Uwe Pelzer, Mark S. Womack, Erkut Hasan Borazanci, Nathan Bahary, Ignacio Garrido-Laguna, Michela Maur, Tyler Prater, Donna Elise Levy, Damien Cronier, Sam Ramage, Teresa Macarulla
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

TPS524 Background: Olaratumab is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that specifically binds human platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α and blocks PDGF-mediated signaling pathways. Increased PDGFRα expression is observed in pancreatic cancer tissue, and has been suggested to play a role in the mesenchymal transition of pancreatic cancer. An ongoing trial designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of olaratumab in combination with nab-paclitaxel/gemcitabine (nPG) in patients with unresectable metastatic pancreatic cancer not previously treated for metastatic disease is currently being conducted. Methods: JGDP (NCT03086369) is a global Phase 1b/Phase 2 study being conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of olaratumab in combination with nPG as first-line therapy in patients with Stage IV pancreatic cancer (ECOG PS ≤1). In the Phase 1b portion of the study, patients will receive intravenous (iv) olaratumab following a 3+3 dose escalation scheme at two different schedules: on Days 1, 8 and 15 at doses of 15 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, or on Days 1 and 15 at 20 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg. Olaratumab will be given in combination with nPG (125 mg/m 2 iv/1000 mg/m 2 iv) on Days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle. After the maximum tolerated dose has been identified, additional patients will be enrolled in a cohort expansion to confirm the safety of the combination prior to proceeding to the Phase 2 portion of the study. In the Phase 2 study, approximately 162 patients will be randomized at a 1:1 ratio to receive olaratumab at the recommended Phase 2 dose regimen or placebo, both in combination with nPG (125 mg/m 2 iv/1000 mg/m 2 iv). Treatment will continue until disease progression or other discontinuation criteria are met. The primary end point of the Phase 2 study is overall survival; a 2-sided α level of 0.20 will be applied. Assuming OS HR = 0.67, there is ≥80% power to show a significant difference in OS between study arms. Secondary end points include progression free survival, duration of response, objective response rate, patient-reported outcomes, and safety. As of September 2017, enrollment for the Phase 1b study is currently ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT03086369.
Prospective International Randomized Phase II Study of Low-Dose Abiraterone With Food Versus Standard Dose Abiraterone In Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Russell Z. Szmulewitz, Cody J. Peer, Abiola Ibraheem, Elia Martinez, Mark F. Kozloff, Bradley Carthon, R. Donald Harvey, Paul Fishkin, Wei Peng Yong, Edmund Chiong, Chadi Nabhan, Theodore Karrison, William D. Figg, Walter M. Stadler, Mark J. Ratain
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

Purpose Abiraterone acetate (AA) is a standard of care for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Despite a large food effect, AA was administered under fasting conditions in its pivotal trials. We sought to test the hypothesis that low-dose AA (LOW; 250 mg with a low-fat meal) would have comparable activity to standard AA (STD; 1,000 mg fasting) in patients with CRPC. Patients and Methods Patients (n = 72) with progressive CRPC from seven institutions in the United States and Singapore were randomly assigned to STD or LOW. Both arms received prednisone 5 mg twice daily. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was assessed monthly, and testosterone/dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were assessed every 12 weeks with disease burden radiographic assessments. Plasma was collected for drug concentrations. Log change in PSA, as a pharmacodynamic biomarker for efficacy, was the primary end point, using a noninferiority design. Progression-free survival (PFS), PSA response (≥ 50% reduction), change in androgen levels, and pharmacokinetics were secondary end points. Results Thirty-six patients were accrued to both arms. At 12 weeks, there was a greater effect on PSA in the LOW arm (mean log change, -1.59) compared with STD (-1.19), and noninferiority of LOW was established according to predefined criteria. The PSA response rate was 58% in LOW and 50% in STD, and the median PFS was approximately 9 months in both groups. Androgen levels decreased similarly in both arms. Although there was no difference in PSA response or PFS, abiraterone concentrations were higher in STD. Conclusion Low-dose AA (with low-fat breakfast) is noninferior to standard dosing with respect to PSA metrics. Given the pharmacoeconomic implications, these data warrant consideration by prescribers, payers, and patients. Additional studies are indicated to assess the long-term efficacy of this approach.