tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
SAT0613 High prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in gout and asymptomatic hyperuricemia: a study based on carotid ultrasound
Authors: C Bertolazzi, M Gutierrez, R Espinosa, M Martínez-Lavin, LH Silveira, C Lozada, J Moreno, E Cruz, B Olivares, C Pineda, AC Lozada
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Accelerated atherosclerosis is known in gout. Hyperuricemia is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease. Evidence supporting both proatherogenic and prothrombotic states in HU is also published Ultrasound (US) measurement of the carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a recognized measure of premature subclinical atherosclerosis with a predictive value respect to vascular events. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the prevalence of increased cIMT, as sign of subclinical atherosclerosis, by an automated US method, and the associated risk factors in patients with gout and asymptomatic hyperuricemia (aHU) <h3>Methods</h3> 138 patients with gout, 105 with aHU and 99 age and sex matched healthy controls were enrrolled. For all patients were recorded: clinical history, disease duration, smoking, ischemic heart disease, comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, renal insufficiency, obesity), and current therapy. ESR and serum CRP, total and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, creatinine and uric acid were recorded. Patients with history of CV and cerebrovascular events or autoimmune diseases were excluded. US examinations of both common carotids were performed by an experienced sonographer trained in cIMT examination, with a Esaote My Lab 70XVG, equipped with a linear probe (4–13 MHz) and an automatic IMT measure software. The definitions of Mannheim cIMT Consensus were adopted <h3>Results</h3> A total of 684 common carotids were assessed. The prevalence of increased cIMT was 47.1%, 47.6% and 1% in patients with gout, aHU, and control group, respectively. The final adjusted logistic regression for patients with gout showed that time of disease progression (OR =0.79, 95% CI 0.66–0.95) and previous smoking (OR =0.32, 95% CI, 0.10–0.97) were associated with cIMT increase (p&lt;0.05) whereas the uric acid levels (OR =1.66, 95% CI 1.07–2.56) was associated with an increased cIMT in aHU. No significant correlation was found with the other variables. No differences in US findings were found between gout and aHU (p=0.936). There was a significant difference in cIMT in gout versus control (p=0.0001) and aHU versus control (p=0.0001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our results demonstrate that patients with gout and aHU without clinically evident cardiovascular disease have a high prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis. Disease duration and levels of uric acid are independent factors related with increased cIMT in gout and aHU respectively. These results support the importance of screening for CV risk and to include carotid ultrasound in CV prevention strategies in these patients. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Discordant Perceptions of Prognosis and Treatment Options Between Physicians and Patients With Advanced Heart Failure
Authors: Amrut V. Ambardekar, Jennifer T. Thibodeau, Adam D. DeVore, Michelle M. Kittleson, Rhondalyn C. Forde-McLean, Maryse Palardy, Maria M. Mountis, Linda Cadaret, Jeffrey J. Teuteberg, Salpy V. Pamboukian, Rongbing Xie, Lynne W. Stevenson, Garrick C. Stewart
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2017)
The prognostic value of highly sensitive cardiac troponin assays for adverse events in men and women with stable heart failure and a preserved vs. reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Aisha Gohar, Jenny P.C. Chong, Oi Wah Liew, Hester den Ruijter, Dominique P.V. de Kleijn, David Sim, Daniel P.S. Yeo, Hean Yee Ong, Fazlur Jaufeerally, Gerard K.T. Leong, Lieng H. Ling, Carolyn S.P. Lam, A. Mark Richards
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2017)
Sorafenib versus Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy as Initial Treatment for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Advanced Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis
Authors: Michihisa Moriguchi, Takeshi Aramaki, Hideyuki Nishiofuku, Rui Sato, Koiku Asakura, Kanji Yamaguchi, Toshihiro Tanaka, Masahiro Endo, Yoshito Itoh
Journal: Liver Cancer (2017)

To investigate the validity of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with low-dose 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin (LFP) versus sorafenib as first-line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombosis (Vp3, Vp4).We retrospectively reviewed the cases of Child-Pugh A advanced HCC with Vp3 or Vp4 treated with LFP or sorafenib between October 2002 and December 2013.There were 32 patients in the LFP group and 14 patients in the sorafenib group. The objective response rate/disease control rate was 31.3/56.3% in the LFP group and 0/28.6% in the sorafenib group. The median survival time (MST) (309 vs. 120 days; p = 0.009) and the median time to treatment failure (109 vs. 37 days; p = 0.022) were significantly longer in the LFP group than in the sorafenib group. In the LFP group, a relatively favorable outcome (MST, 622 days) was obtained among the response cases. Among the nonresponse cases in the LFP group, at the time of cessation of LFP, 70.4% of cases were Child-Pugh A and 88.9% of cases maintained a score of ≤7 points; of the cases in whom Child-Pugh A was maintained, the survival period from the time of LFP discontinuation was significantly longer in the cases in whom sorafenib was introduced as a secondary treatment after LFP than in the cases treated with best supportive care (220 vs. 89 days; p = 0.002). The main adverse event with LFP was grade 3 or higher cytopenia, which was manageable, and adverse event-induced discontinuation was significantly lower as compared with sorafenib (p = 0.002).For the treatment of HCC with Vp3/Vp4, it is desirable to initially use LFP and then immediately change to sorafenib if no response is obtained.
アリール炭化水素受容体AhRは,神経栄養因子アルテミンの誘導を介して,アトピー性皮膚炎と大気汚染を結び付ける
Authors: Hidaka Takanori, Ogawa Eisaku, Kobayashi Eri H, Suzuki Takafumi, Funayama Ryo, Nagashima Takeshi, Fujimura Taku, Aiba Setsuya, Nakayama Keiko, Okuyama Ryuhei, Yamamoto Masayuki
Journal: Nature Immunology (2017)
Long-Term Survival Outcomes of Cancer-Directed Surgery for Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Authors: David B. Nelson, David C. Rice, Jiangong Niu, Scott Atay, Ara A. Vaporciyan, Mara Antonoff, Wayne L. Hofstetter, Garrett L. Walsh, Stephen G. Swisher, Jack A. Roth, Anne Tsao, Daniel Gomez, Sharon H. Giordano, Reza Mehran, Boris Sepesi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

Purpose Small observational studies have shown a survival advantage to undergoing cancer-directed surgery for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM); however, it is unclear if these results are generalizable. Our purpose was to evaluate survival after treatment of MPM with cancer-directed surgery and to explore the effect surgery interaction with chemotherapy or radiation therapy on survival by using the National Cancer Database. Patients and Methods Patients with microscopically proven MPM were identified within the National Cancer Database (2004 to 2014). Propensity score matching was performed 1:2 and among this cohort, a Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify predictors of survival. Median survival was calculated by using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Of 20,561 patients with MPM, 6,645 were identified in the matched cohort, among whom 2,166 underwent no therapy, 2,015 underwent chemotherapy alone, 850 underwent cancer-directed surgery alone, 988 underwent surgery with chemotherapy, and 274 underwent trimodality therapy. The remaining 352 patients underwent another combination of surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy. Thirty-day and 90-day mortality rates were 6.3% and 15.5%. Cancer-directed surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy were independently associated with improved survival (hazard ratio, 0.77, 0.74, and 0.88, respectively). Stratified analysis revealed that surgery-based multimodality therapy demonstrated an improved survival compared with surgery alone, with no significant difference between surgery-based multimodality therapies; however, the largest estimated effect was when cancer-directed surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy were combined (hazard ratio, 0.52). For patients with the epithelial subtype who underwent trimodality therapy, median survival was extended from 14.5 months to 23.4 months. Conclusion MPM is an aggressive and rapidly fatal disease. Surgery-based multimodality therapy was associated with improved survival and may offer therapeutic benefit among carefully selected patients.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal and Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition in Mesenchymal Tumors: A Paradox in Sarcomas?
Authors: Giuseppina Sannino, Aruna Marchetto, Thomas Kirchner, Thomas G.P. Grünewald
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a reversible process comprised of various subprograms via which epithelial cells reduce their intercellular adhesions and proliferative capacity while gaining a mesenchymal phenotype with increased migratory and invasive properties. This process has been well described in several carcinomas, which are cancers of epithelial origin, and is crucial to metastatic tumor cell dissemination and drug resistance. In contrast, the precise role of EMT-related processes in tumors originating from mesenchymal tissues, such as bone and soft-tissues sarcomas, is still largely unclear. In fact, although the existence of the EMT in sarcomas appears paradoxical because these cancers are, by definition, mesenchymal ab initio, accumulating evidence suggests that many sarcomas can undergo EMT-related processes, which may be associated with aggressive clinical behavior. These processes may be especially operative in certain sarcoma subtypes, such as carcinosarcomas displaying a biphenotypic morphology with characteristics of both mesenchymal and epithelial tumors. In this review, we discuss findings regarding the potential existence of EMT-related processes in sarcomas and propose that sarcomas can reside in a metastable state, enabling them to become either more mesenchymal or epithelial under specific conditions, which likely has important clinical implications. Cancer Res; 77(17); 4556-61. ©2017 AACR.
Pancreas transplantation: the donor’s side of the story
Authors: Iestyn M Shapey, Angela Summers, Titus Augustine, Martin K Rutter, David van Dellen
Journal: BMJ (2017)

It is refreshing to see pancreas and islet transplantation receiving the international attention it urgently deserves in Dean and colleagues’ State of the Art Review.1 Improving knowledge and understanding of the potential benefits of pancreas transplantation among referring physicians is important, as current referral rates to UK pancreas transplantation centres are low and do not reflect the number of people that could benefit from surgical intervention.

Dean’s review focuses on the indications for, and outcomes of, pancreas and islet transplantation.1 But this represents only the recipient’s half of the process and does not acknowledge the major challenges around donors.

Pancreas donation comes almost exclusively from dead people, after brain or circulatory death. But two thirds of donor pancreases offered …
Engaging hepatitis C infected patients in cost‐effectiveness analyses: A literature review
Authors: T. Joseph Mattingly, Eleanor M. Perfetto, Sophia L. Johnson
Journal: Hepatology (2017)

Cost‐effectiveness analyses (CEAs) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment strategies have become common, but few appear to include patient engagement or the patient perspective. The objectives of the current study were to (1) identify published HCV CEA studies that include patient input and (2) derive insights on patient‐informed variable and outcome selection to build a framework for future economic analyses of HCV. A literature search was conducted using SCOPUS, EMBASE, and PubMed from January 1, 2012 to May 28, 2017. Terms sought included a combination of “incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio” OR “economic evaluation” OR “cost effectiveness analysis” OR “cost utility analysis” OR “budget impact analysis” OR “cost benefit analysis” AND “hepatitis C”. A total of 1,040 articles were identified in the search and seven articles were selected for further evaluation after abstracts and the full text of eligible articles were screened. One economic evaluation used direct patient engagement to account for patient preferences in the final model. The study endpoints identified included a variety of clinical, social, psychological, and economic outcomes. Costs primarily focused on productivity loss, missed work, out‐of‐pocket treatment costs, and indirect costs to family or friends supporting the patient. Conclusion: To date, the inclusion of the patient voice through patient engagement as part of methods in cost‐effectiveness research in existing published studies has been limited. Future CEA studies should consider how patient engagement may impact economic models and their implementation into practice. (H epatology 2018;67:774‐781).
Optimizing Cholesterol Treatment in Patients With Muscle Complaints
Authors: Robert S. Rosenson, Steven Baker, Maciej Banach, Kenneth M. Borow, Lynne T. Braun, Eric Bruckert, Liam R. Brunham, Alberico L. Catapano, Marshall B. Elam, G.B. John Mancini, Patrick M. Moriarty, Pamela B. Morris, Paul Muntner, Kausik K. Ray, Erik S. Stroes, Beth A. Taylor, Valerie H. Taylor, Gerald F. Watts, Paul D. Thompson
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Feasibility of Genetic Aberrations Analysis in the Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCS)
Authors: J. Antonello, E. Rossi, U. Basso, A. Facchinetti, V. Zagonel, J.F. Swennenhuis, L.W. Terstappen, A. Amadori, R. Zamarchi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Evaluation of Combination Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Varicella Vaccine Introduction in Australia
Authors: Kristine Macartney, Heather F. Gidding, Lieu Trinh, Han Wang, Aditi Dey, Brynley Hull, Karen Orr, Jocelynne McRae, Peter Richmond, Michael Gold, Nigel Crawford, Jennifer A. Kynaston, Peter McIntyre, Nicholas Wood
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2017)

Incorporating combination vaccines, such as the measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) vaccine, into immunization schedules should be evaluated from a benefit-risk perspective. Use of MMRV vaccine poses challenges due to a recognized increased risk of febrile seizures (FSs) when used as the first dose in the second year of life. Conversely, completion by age 2 years of measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella immunization may offer improved disease control.To evaluate the effect on safety and coverage of earlier (age 18 months) scheduling of MMRV vaccine as the second dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) in Australia.Prospective active sentinel safety surveillance comparing the relative incidence (RI) of FSs in toddlers given MMRV and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and a national cohort study of vaccine coverage rates and timeliness before and after MMRV vaccine introduction were conducted. All Australian children aged 11 to 72 months were included in the coverage analysis, and 1471 Australian children aged 11 to 59 months were included in the FS analysis, with a focus on those aged 11 to 23 months.MMRV vaccine safety, specifically, the RI of FSs after MMRV vaccine at age 18 months, compared with risk following MMR vaccine and vaccine uptake for 2-dose MCV and single-dose varicella vaccine, focusing on timeliness.Of the 1471 children, the median age at first FS was 21 months (interquartile range [IQR], 14-31 months). Three hundred ninety-one children were aged 11 to 23 months and had at least 1 FS included in the analysis; of these, 207 (52.9%) were male. A total of 278 children (71.1%) had received MMR followed by MMRV vaccine, 97 (24.8%) had received MMR vaccine only, and 16 (4.1%) had received neither vaccine. There was no increased risk of FSs (RI, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.55-2.13) in the 5 to 12 days following MMRV vaccine given as the second MCV to toddlers. Febrile seizures occurred after dose 1 of MMR vaccine at a known low increased risk (RI, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.71- 4.29). Following program implementation, 2-dose MCV coverage at age 36 months exceeded that obtained at age 60 months in historical cohorts recommended to receive MMR vaccine before school entry, and on-time vaccination increased by 13.5% (from 58.9% to 72.4%). Despite no change in the scheduled age of varicella vaccine, use of MMRV vaccine was associated with a 4.0% increase in 1-dose varicella vaccine coverage.To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide evidence of the absence of an association between use of MMRV vaccine as the second dose of MCV in toddlers and an increased risk of FSs. Incorporation of MMRV vaccine has facilitated improvements in vaccine coverage that will potentially improve disease control.
Abstract P246: Inhibition of Endothelial Senescence Ameliorates Insulin Resistance of Obese Mice
Authors: Masataka Yokoyama, Tohru Minamino, Sho Okada, Kaoru Tateno, Junji Moriya, Ippei Shimizu, Aika Nojima, Takashi Ito, Yoko Ogasawara, Issei Komuro, Yoshio Kobayashi
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Various stimuli can induce irreversible cell growth arrest, termed cellular senescence. This response is controlled by negative regulators of the cell cycle such as p53. Accumulating evidence suggests a potential relationship between cellular senescence and age-associated diseases including type 2 diabetes. Here we show a crucial role for endothelial p53 in the regulation of insulin resistance. We found that treatment of endothelial cells with high glucose and palmitate synergistically increased p53 expression. Consistent with the in vitro results, endothelial expression of p53 was markedly up-regulated when the mice were fed a high-calorie diet, suggesting that excessive calorie intake promotes endothelial senescence. To investigate the role of endothelial p53 in type 2 diabetes, we analyzed metabolic parameters in endothelial cell-specific p53 conditional knockout (ECp53CKO) mice on a high-calorie diet. In spite of no difference in dietary intake, ECp53CKO mice had a significantly smaller weight and less fat accumulation than control mice. Moreover, ECp53CKO mice showed better insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance than control littermates. ECp53CKO demonstrated a significant increase in oxygen consumption and had a higher core body temperature compared with control mice. Next we considered some assumed mechanisms of relationship of endothelial cell p53 expression and metabolic disorders. As a result, we found that ECp53CKO mice had higher glucose uptake in skeletal muscles than control. These results indicate that inhibition of endothelial senescence ameliorates insulin resistance by increasing energy consumption via glucose uptake and suggest that endothelial p53 will be a novel therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
Time to Consider Cytomegalovirus Prevention in Critically Ill Patients?
Authors: Deepali Kumar, Atul Humar
Journal: JAMA (2017)

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HER2陽性乳癌における標的磁気共鳴イメージングと高有効性光線力学療法のための低加熱効果を用いた808nm励起アップコンバージョンナノプローブ【Powered by NICT】
Authors: Zeng Leyong, Pan Yuanwei, Zou Ruifen, Zhang Jinchao, Tian Ying, Teng Zhaogang, Wang Shouju, Ren Wenzhi, Xiao Xueshan, Zhang Jichao, Zhang Lili, Li Aiguo, Lu Guangming, Wu Aiguo
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)
Absence of CX3CR1 impairs the internalization of Tau by microglia
Authors: Marta Bolós, María Llorens-Martín, Juan Ramón Perea, Jerónimo Jurado-Arjona, Alberto Rábano, Félix Hernández, Jesús Avila
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2017)

Extracellular Tau is toxic for neighboring cells, and it contributes to the progression of AD. The CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis is an important neuron/microglia communication mechanism.We studied Tau clearance by microglia both in vitro (microglia primary cultures treated with Cy5-Tau, affinity chromatography to study the binding of Tau to CX3CR1, and Tau-CX3CL1 competition assays) and in vivo (stereotaxic injection of Cy5-Tau into WT and CX3CR1-/- mice). The expression of CX3CR1, CX3CL1 and the microglial phagocytic phenotype were studied in brain tissue samples from AD patients.Tau binding to CX3CR1 triggers the internalization of the former by microglia, whereas S396 Tau phosphorylation decreases the binding affinity of this protein to CX3CR1. Of note, the progressive increase in the levels of phosho-Tau occurred in parallel with an increase in CX3CR1. In addition, our studies suggest that the phagocytic capacity of microglia in brain tissue samples from AD patients is decreased. Furthermore, the CX3CR1/CX3CL1 axis may be impaired in late stages of the disease.Our data suggest that the CX3CR1/CX3CL1 axis plays a key role in the phagocytosis of Tau by microglia in vitro and in vivo and that it is affected as AD progresses. Taken together, our results reveal CX3CR1 as a novel target for the clearance of extracellular Tau.
Survival of patients receiving radiofrequency ablation or ethanol injection for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma.
Authors: Zhong-Zhe Lin, Wen-Yi Shau, Yu Yun Shao, Yi-Chun Yeh, Raymond Nien-Chen Kuo, Chiun Hsu, Chih-Hung Hsu, Ann-Lii Cheng, Mei-Shu Lai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e15043 Background: Randomized trials suggest that radiofrequency ablation (RFA) may be more effective than percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the survival advantage of RFA need confirmation in daily practice. Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study using the Taiwan Cancer Registry, National Health Insurance claim database and National Death Registry data from 2004 through 2009. Patients receiving PEI or RFA as first-line treatment for newly-diagnosed stage I-II HCC were enrolled. Results: A total of 658 patients receiving RFA and 378 patients receiving PEI treatment were included for final analysis. The overall survival (OS) rates of patients in the RFA and PEI groups at 5-year were 55% and 42%, respectively (p&lt; 0.01). Compared to patients that received PEI, those that received RFA had lower risks of overall mortality and first-line treatment failure (FTF), with adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) [95% confidence interval (C.I.)] of 0.60 (0.50-0.73) for OS and 0.54 (0.46-0.64) for FTF. The favorable outcomes for the RFA group were consistently significant for patients with tumors &gt; 2 cm as well as for those with tumors &lt; 2 cm. Consistent results were also observed in other subgroup analyses defined by gender, age, tumor stage, and co-morbidity status. Conclusions: RFA provides better survival benefits than PEI for patients with unresectable stage I-II HCC, irrespective of tumors &gt; 2 cm or ≤ 2 cm, in contemporary clinical practice.