tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological features of and changes in incidence of infectious diseases in China in the first decade after the SARS outbreak: an observational trend study
Authors: Shigui Yang, Jie Wu, Cheng Ding, Yuanxia Cui, Yuqing Zhou, Yiping Li, Min Deng, Chencheng Wang, Kaijin Xu, Jingjing Ren, Bing Ruan, Lanjuan Li
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2017)
ULK1 prevents cardiac dysfunction in obesity through autophagy-meditated regulation of lipid metabolism
Authors: Minae An, Dong-Ryeol Ryu, Jang Won Park, Ji Ha Choi, Eun-Mi Park, Kyung Eun Lee, Minna Woo, Minsuk Kim
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2017)

Autophagy is essential to maintain tissue homeostasis, particularly in long-lived cells such as cardiomyocytes. Whereas many studies support the importance of autophagy in the mechanisms underlying obesity-related cardiac dysfunction, the role of autophagy in cardiac lipid metabolism remains unclear. In the heart, lipotoxicity is exacerbated by cardiac lipoprotein lipase (LPL), which mediates accumulation of fatty acids to the heart through intravascular triglyceride (TG) hydrolysis. In both genetic and dietary models of obesity, we observed a substantial increase in cardiac LPL protein levels without any change in messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). This was accompanied by a dramatic down-regulation of autophagy in the heart, as revealed by reduced levels of unc-51 like kinase-1 (ULK1) protein. To further explore the relationship between cardiac LPL and autophagy, we generated cardiomyocyte-specific knockout mice for ulk1 (Myh6-cre/ulk1fl/fl), Lpl (Myh6-cre/Lplfl/fl), and mice with a combined deficiency (Myh6-cre/ulk1fl/flLplfl/fl). Similar to genetic and dietary models of obesity, Myh6-cre/ulk1fl/fl mice had a substantial increase in cardiac LPL levels. When these mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), they showed elevated cardiac TG levels and deterioration in heart function. However, with combined deletion of LPL and ULK1 in Myh6-cre/ulk1fl/flLplfl/fl mice, HFD feeding did not lead to alterations in levels of TG or diacylglycerol, or in cardiac function. To further elucidate the role of autophagy in cardiac lipid metabolism, we infused a peptide that enhanced autophagy (D-Tat-beclin1). This effectively lowered LPL levels at the coronary lumen by restoring autophagy in the genetic model of obesity. This decrease in cardiac luminal LPL was associated with a reduction in TG levels and recovery of cardiac function. These results provide clear evidence of the critical role of modulating cardiac LPL activity through autophagy-mediated proteolytic clearance as a potential novel strategy to overcome obesity-related cardiomyopathy.
Reduced-dose radiotherapy for human papillomavirus-associated squamous-cell carcinoma of the oropharynx: a single-arm, phase 2 study
Authors: Allen M Chen, Carol Felix, Pin-Chieh Wang, Sophia Hsu, Vincent Basehart, Jordan Garst, Phillip Beron, Deborah Wong, Michael H Rosove, Shyam Rao, Heather Melanson, Edward Kim, Daphne Palmer, Lihong Qi, Karen Kelly, Michael L Steinberg, Patrick A Kupelian, Megan E Daly
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2017)
LEDGF/p75 is dispensable for hematopoiesis but essential for MLL-rearranged leukemogenesis
Authors: Sara El Ashkar, Juerg Schwaller, Tim Pieters, Steven Goossens, Jonas Demeulemeester, Frauke Christ, Siska Van Belle, Sabine Juge, Nancy Boeckx, Alan Engelman, Pieter Van Vlierberghe, Zeger Debyser, Jan De Rijck
Journal: Blood (2017)
Serial Assessment of Tissue Precursors and Progression of Coronary Calcification Analyzed by Fusion of IVUS and OCT
Authors: Yaping Zeng, Hiroki Tateishi, Rafael Cavalcante, Erhan Tenekecioglu, Pannipa Suwannasom, Yohei Sotomi, Carlos Collet, Shaoping Nie, Hans Jonker, Jouke Dijkstra, Maria D. Radu, Lorenz Räber, Dougal R. McClean, Robert-Jan van Geuns, Evald H. Christiansen, Therese Fahrni, Jacques Koolen, Yoshinobu Onuma, Nico Bruining, Patrick W. Serruys
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2017)
Is tonsillectomy recommended in adults with recurrent tonsillitis?
Authors: Jason Powell, James O’Hara, Sean Carrie, Janet A Wilson
Journal: BMJ (2017)

#### What you need to know

In many, tonsillitis is self-limiting and of relatively short duration. A subset of patients suffers from recurrent debilitating episodes, with impaired daily functioning and absence from work.1 Adult tonsillitis places a substantial burden on healthcare resources. Costs include primary care consultations, medical treatment, hospital admissions, and treatment of potentially life threatening complications.123 There are three approaches to the management of tonsillitis: conservative (wait and watch), antibiotics, or tonsillectomy. Tonsillectomy provides definitive treatment for recurrent tonsillitis and was performed on more than 17 000 adult patients in England in 2014-2015.4 Currently there is uncertainty around the severity of disease at which it is cost effective to perform tonsillectomy on adults with recurrent tonsillitis, as compared with conservative management.

### Search strategy and study selection

We searched Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library using the terms “tonsillitis” or “tonsillectomy” or “pharyngitis.” We included studies that involved adults and were published in English between 1996 and February 2017 (table 1⇓). We found Cochrane reviews comparing antibiotics with placebo, and comparing tonsillectomy with watchful waiting. We also found a review of qualitative outcomes in tonsillectomy, two retrospective studies investigating complications of tonsillectomy, a cross-sectional study of the complications of tonsillitis and tonsillectomy rates, and a small cohort study observing economic outcomes pre and post tonsillectomy.

View this table:

Table 1 
Summary of evidence for the treatment of recurrent adult tonsillitis





In the UK, Clinical Commissioning …
Clonal Events of Aplastic Anemia Related to the Evolution to Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Eiju Negoro, Michael Clemente, Naoko Hosono, Aziz Nazha, Wenyi Shen, Yasunobu Nagata, Cassandra M. Hirsch, Bartlomiej P Przychodzen, Reda Z. Mahfouz, Teodora Kuzmanovic, Hideki Makishima, Mikkael A. Sekeres, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski
Journal: Blood (2016)
Choking on a foreign body: a physiological study of the effectiveness of abdominal thrust manoeuvres to increase thoracic pressure
Authors: Matthew J Pavitt, Laura L Swanton, Matthew Hind, Michael Apps, Michael I Polkey, Malcolm Green, Nicholas S Hopkinson
Journal: Thorax (2017)

The Heimlich manoeuvre is a well-known intervention for the management of choking due to foreign body airway occlusion, but the evidence base for guidance on this topic is limited and guidelines differ. We measured pressures during abdominal thrusts in healthy volunteers. The angle at which thrusts were performed (upthrust vs circumferential) did not affect intrathoracic pressure. Self-administered abdominal thrusts produced similar pressures to those performed by another person. Chair thrusts, where the subject pushed their upper abdomen against a chair back, produced higher pressures than other manoeuvres. Both approaches should be included in basic life support teaching.
Genetically Driven Hyperglycemia Increases Risk of Coronary Artery Disease Separately From Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Jordi Merino, Aaron Leong, Daniel C. Posner, Bianca Porneala, Lluís Masana, Josée Dupuis, Jose C. Florez
Journal: Diabetes Care (2017)

This study tested the hypothesis that genetically raised hyperglycemia increases coronary artery disease (CAD) risk separately from the risk conferred by type 2 diabetes as a whole.We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using summary-level statistics from the largest published meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for fasting glucose (FG) (n = 133,010 participants free of diabetes) and CAD (n = 63,746 case subjects and 130,681 control subjects) of predominantly European ancestry. FG-increasing variants associated with type 2 diabetes from the largest GWAS for type 2 diabetes were excluded. Variants with pleiotropic effects on other CAD risk factors (blood lipids, blood pressure, and obesity) were excluded using summary-level data from the largest published GWAS. Data from the Framingham Heart Study were used to validate the MR instrument and to build an FG genetic risk score (GRS).In an instrumental variable analysis comprising 12 FG-raising variants, a 1 mmol/L increase in FG revealed an effect-size estimate of 1.43 CAD odds (95% CI 1.14-1.79). The association was preserved after excluding variants for heterogeneity and pleiotropic effects on other CAD risk factors (odds ratio [OR] 1.33 [95% CI 1.02-1.73]). The 12 FG-increasing variants did not significantly increase type 2 diabetes risk (OR 1.05 [95% CI 0.91-1.23]), and its prevalence was constant across FG GRS quintiles (P = 0.72).Our data support that genetic predisposition to hyperglycemia raises the odds of CAD separately from type 2 diabetes and other CAD risk factors. These findings suggest that modulating glycemia may provide cardiovascular benefit.
Avoid missing a rare condition by colouring your judgment purple
Authors: Aaron Wernham, Georgina Fremlin, Stephen Orpin
Journal: BMJ (2017)

A 29 year old woman was admitted to the medical ward feeling generally unwell with a one week history of bilateral leg weakness, increased anxiety, and labile mood. She also described a five month history of blistering on the face, chest, and dorsum of her hands, without a confirmed diagnosis. She had previously seen her general practitioner and also attended the emergency department complaining of abdominal and back pain, sometimes associated with vomiting, but no diagnosis had been made and she had not been referred to dermatology. Her medical history included bipolar disease diagnosed five years ago, which was controlled with sodium valproate, and bulimia. On examination, there were multiple angulated erosions on her face and upper chest (fig 1A). A single large irregularly shaped tense bulla was present on the dorsum of the right hand surrounded by a few smaller erosions on both hands. Scarring and milia were also noted at sites of previous blisters (fig 1B). Systemic examination was unremarkable. Blood testing showed a normal full blood count and liver and renal function. Sodium level was low at 130 mEq/L. (normal range 133-146), C reactive protein was <5, and an autoimmune screen (antinuclear antibodies, extractable nuclear antigens, double stranded DNA, C3, C4) was negative. A chest radiograph was normal and an electrocardiogram showed sinus tachycardia at 102 beats/min. Fig 1 (A) Multiple angulated erosions on the face and upper chest. ( B) Single large irregularly shaped tense bulla on the dorsum of the right hand with a few smaller erosions and surrounding milia
TCTAP C-058 Successful Endovascular Treatment of Infrarenal Aortic Stenosis Due to Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Yoshito Kadoya, Kan Zen, Noriyuki Wakana, Kenji Yanishi, Naohiko Nakanishi, Takeshi Nakamura, Satoaki Matoba
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
TCTAP A-161 Comparison of Next Generation Transcatheter Heart Valves: Angiographic, Echocardiographic and Hemodynamic Evaluation of an Extended All-comers Study Cohort Using the Dimensionless Aortic Regurgitation Index
Authors: Jan-Malte Sinning, Anja Stundl, Fritz Mellert, Armin Welz, Eberhard Grube, Nikos Werner, Georg Nickenig
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
Journal: JAMA (1965)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
MAP2 Defines a Pre-axonal Filtering Zone to Regulate KIF1- versus KIF5-Dependent Cargo Transport in Sensory Neurons
Authors: Laura F. Gumy, Eugene A. Katrukha, Ilya Grigoriev, Dick Jaarsma, Lukas C. Kapitein, Anna Akhmanova, Casper C. Hoogenraad
Journal: Neuron (2017)
Prediction of Systemic Septic Embolism in Patients With Left-Sided Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Anne Bernard, Aymeric Menet, Sylvestre Marechaux, Maxime Fournet, Frédéric Schnell, Yves Guyomar, Christophe Leclercq, Philippe Mabo, Laurent Fauchier, Erwan Donal, Lauriane Pericart, Thierry Bourguignon, Louis Bernard, Nicolas Clementy, Denis Angoulvant, Dominique Babuty
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
The Evidence-Based Metaphor
Authors: Brit Trogen
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Altered fatty acid metabolism and reduced stearoyl‐coenzyme a desaturase activity in asthma
Authors: N. Rodriguez‐Perez, E. Schiavi, R. Frei, R. Ferstl, P. Wawrzyniak, S. Smolinska, M. Sokolowska, N.A. Sievi, M. Kohler, P. Schmid‐Grendelmeier, D. Michalovich, K.D. Simpson, E.M. Hessel, M. Jutel, M. Martin‐Fontecha, O. Palomares, C.A. Akdis, L. O'Mahony
Journal: Allergy (2017)

Fatty acids and lipid mediator signaling play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma, yet this area remains largely underexplored. The aims of this study were (i) to examine fatty acid levels and their metabolism in obese and nonobese asthma patients and (ii) to determine the functional effects of altered fatty acid metabolism in experimental models.Medium- and long-chain fatty acid levels were quantified in serum from 161 human volunteers by LC/MS. Changes in stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) expression and activity were evaluated in the ovalbumin (OVA) and house dust mite (HDM) murine models. Primary human bronchial epithelial cells from asthma patients and controls were evaluated for SCD expression and activity.The serum desaturation index (an indirect measure of SCD) was significantly reduced in nonobese asthma patients and in the OVA murine model. SCD1 gene expression was significantly reduced within the lungs following OVA or HDM challenge. Inhibition of SCD in mice promoted airway hyper-responsiveness. SCD1 expression was suppressed in bronchial epithelial cells from asthma patients. IL-4 and IL-13 reduced epithelial cell SCD1 expression. Inhibition of SCD reduced surfactant protein C expression and suppressed rhinovirus-induced IP-10 secretion, which was associated with increased viral titers.This is the first study to demonstrate decreased fatty acid desaturase activity in humans with asthma. Experimental models in mice and human epithelial cells suggest that inhibition of desaturase activity leads to airway hyper-responsiveness and reduced antiviral defense. SCD may represent a new target for therapeutic intervention in asthma patients.
Abstract 17142: Treatment With a Beta3 Adrenergic Receptor Agonist in Heart Failure Reverses an Oxidative Modification and Inhibition of the Na+-K+ Pump in Cardiac Myocytes and Improves Pulmonary Congestion
Authors: Natasha A Fry, Alvaro Garcia, Keyvan Karimi Galougahi, Chia-chi Liu, Elisha J Hamilton, Craig S McLachlan, Gemma A Figtree, Helge H Rasmussen
Journal: Circulation (2013)

An abnormally high cytosolic Na+ concentration in cardiac myocytes is a nodal point of multiple interacting abnormalities that perpetuate the heart failure (HF) syndrome, and, since activation of the beta3 adrenergic receptor (beta3-AR) stimulates the only export route for Na+, the Na+-K+ pump, we tested the hypothesis that treatment with a beta3-AR agonist is useful in HF. We induced HF in rabbits by ligating the circumflex coronary artery. HF was identified by serum brain natriuretic peptide levels, increased lung/body weight ratios and the presence of ascites and congestive hepatopathy. Electrogenic Na+-K+ pump current (Ip, arising from 3:2 Na+:K+ exchange ratio and normalized for cell capacitance) was identified as the ouabain-sensitive membrane current of voltage clamped myocytes. Glutathionylation of the β1 Na+-K+ pump subunit, a reversible oxidative modification that inhibits pump activity, was identified by coimmuno-precipitation and immuno-blotting techniques of cardiac myocyte lysate. Ip was significantly reduced in myocytes from 5 rabbits with HF compared with myocytes from 5 sham rabbits (0.17 ± 0.02 pA/pF vs. 0.33 ± 0.04 pA/pF) while β1 pump subunit glutathyonylation measured with either of two independent techniques was significantly increased by 1.3-3 fold. Treatment following HF with the beta3-AR agonist CL316,243 (CL) via osmotic mini-pumps for 3 days (duration limited by expense of CL) completely reversed inhibition of Ip (0.41 ± 0.04 pA/pF vs. 0.17 ± 0.02 pA/pF), significantly decreased lung/body weight ratios (6.42 ± 0.34 g/Kg vs. 4.93 ± 0.07 g/Kg) and decreased β1 pump subunit glutathionylation ~1.5-fold. Treatment had no effect on blood pressure or heart rate. We conclude that CL reverses a key pathophysiological abnormality in HF and improves pulmonary congestion, a clinically relevant index of the syndrome. A beta3-AR agonist is now approved for treatment of overactive bladder syndrome in Japan, the USA and the EU. Our study suggests a HF indication should be explored for beta3-AR agonists.
Potentiation of Anti-Myeloma Activity of Daratumumab with Combination of Cyclophosphamide, Lenalidomide or Bortezomib Via a Tumor Secretory Response That Greatly Augments Macrophage-Induced ADCP
Authors: Athina Rigalou, Aideen Ryan, Alessandro Natoni, Christopher Chiu, Kate Sasser, Michael E O'Dwyer
Journal: Blood (2016)
OS02.7 Dose constraint model to predict neuroendocrine dysfunction in young patients with brain tumours- Data from a prospective study of stereotactic conformal radiotherapy
Authors: M. P. Maitre, T. Gupta, J. G. Sastri, J. Swamidas, U. Krishna, D. Dutta, N. Shah, R. Jalali
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Introduction: Dose threshold to hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) following radiotherapy to predict neuroendocrine dysfunction is poorly defined. We report a possible dose constraint model for HPA, based on a prospective study of low grade and benign residual/progressive brain tumours in children and young adults, treated with stereotactic conformal radiotherapy (SCRT). Materials and Methods: HPA was meticulously contoured in 51 such patients treated prospectively with SCRT. Dose volume histograms were studied in patients with at least 2 years and up to 5 years follow up, and correlated with subsequent neuroendocrine dysfunction using logistic regression model. Results: All patients received a prescribed dose of 54 Gy in 30 fractions to the planning target volume (PTV). The mean HPA volume in our patient cohort was 1.34 cc. Post RT endocrine dysfunction (either new deficit or worsening of pre-existing one) was seen in 27/51 patients. Of these, 66% had HPA located inside the PTV. Majority of these deficits (82%) got manifested within the first 3 years of clinical follow-up. Growth hormone axis was the most commonly impaired (66%), followed by steroid axis (48%), pubertal axis (40%) and thyroid axis (22%). Mean Dmax and Dmin (maximum and minimum dose received) to HPA were 46.6 Gy and 40.5 Gy respectively. For patients with no neuroendocrine dysfunction, mean Dmax and Dmin to HPA were 36.5 Gy and 29.6 Gy respectively. On comparing HPA doses between post RT neuroendocrine dysfunction and post RT stable groups, a possible correlation is observed between development of neuroendocrine dysfunction and corresponding mean Dmax (p=0.075) and Dmin values (p=0.089). Median Dmin to HPA in post RT stable group was 34 Gy, much lower than median Dmin in post RT worsening group i.e. 51.8 Gy. On correlating HPA dose with endocrine follow up using logistic regression, V50 (% volume of HPA receiving 50% of prescribed dose) parameter was statistically significant (p=0.038). This may imply a four times higher risk of developing neuroendocrine dysfunction if HPA receives more than 27 Gy (>50% of the prescribed dose here). The incidence of hormonal impairment increased significantly in patients in whom HPA received a dose exceeding 29 Gy. CONCLUSION: Our dose constraint model incorporates HPA dosimetric parameters such as Dmax, Dmin, and V50 to optimize planning of high precision RT for brain tumours. It may lead to earlier and more specific evaluation of endocrine effects in routine clinical practice, resulting in overall improved quality of life of this young population. We suggest restricting the dose to HPA below 27 Gy to minimize the risk of neuroendocrine dysfunction post RT.
Navigating Transitions and Charting New Paths
Authors: Philip A. Pizzo
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal