tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
USPSTF Recommendations for Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk With Nontraditional Risk Factors
Authors: John T. Wilkins, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 15940: Optogenetic Voltage Sensor VSFP2.3 as a Novel Tool in Cardiac Electriophysiology
Authors: Mei-Ling Chang Liao, Hiroki Mutoh, Yuka Iwamoto, Nour Raad, Peter Christalla, Stephan Doeker, Viacheslav Nikolaev, Stefan Luther, Stephan Lehnart, Thomas Knoepfel, Wolfram H Zimmermann
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Fluorescent dyes and optical imaging are commonly applied to study the electrical activities of the cardiac functional syncytium, but are limited by dye toxicity, suboptimal stability, and inhomoge...
CAPSULE RETENTION AND RETRIEVAL
Authors: AR Robertson, DE Yung, JN Plevris, A Koulaouzidis
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Capsule endoscopy (CE) has been widely adopted as a safe and effective method of examining the small bowel. However, capsule retention, reported to affect ˜2% of patients, is a significant procedural complication. The aim of this study was to review the incidence and outcome of patients with capsule retention in a large single centre cohort.
Abstract 15038: Transplantation of Genomic Integration-free Human iPS Cell-derived Cardiac Tissue Sheets Into Porcine Infarct Hearts Produced No Lethal Arrhythmia: A Preclinical Study for a Safer Human iPS Cell Therapy
Authors: Takayuki Aoki, Hidetoshi Masumoto, Hiroshi Ohara, Yuji Nakamura, Hiroko Izumi-Nakaseko, Kentaro Ando, Takeshi Ikuno, Masahide Kawatou, Masanosuke Ishigami, Kenji Minakata, Tadashi Ikeda, Atsushi Sugiyama, Jun K Yamashita, Ryuzo Sakata
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Any preclinical study of a human iPS cell(hiPSC)-based cardiac regenerative therapy must confirm that the therapy in question does not produce lethal arrhythmias. In a recent study, we succeeded in long-term (&lt;9 months) tumor-free transplantation of genomic integration-free hiPSC-derived cardiac tissue sheets (CTS) into a rat myocardial infarction (MI) model. In the present study, we attempted to prove that the integration-free CTS do not produce life-threatening arrhythmias after transplantation into a porcine MI model. We chose porcine hearts because they have a heart rate similar to that of the human heart. METHODS &amp; RESULTS: We induced a mixture of cardiomyocytes (CMs) and vascular cells (endothelial cells [ECs] and vascular mural cells [MCs]) from integration-free hiPSCs and generated CTSs using temperature-responsive culture dishes (UpCell, CellSeed, Tokyo, Japan). Self-pulsating CTSs were approximately 3.5cm diameter with approximately 7x106 of cells containing cTnT+ CMs (41±11.9%), VE-cadherin+ ECs (7.0±2.6%) and PDGFRβ+ MCs (32.7±25.0%). In the transplantation group (Tx group: n=4), we induced MI in microminipigs (13-21 months old) by two-stage ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, and transplanted CTSs at 2 weeks after MI induction (4 sheets per recipient heart) under immunosuppression. Neither arrhythmia-related sudden death nor tumor formation was observed in any transplanted animals during the observation period (8 weeks). In the Tx group, echocardiogram showed a significant improvement in systolic function of the left ventricle (fractional shortening: 36.7%±2.3 vs 25.2%±2.2, p&lt;0.05, sham-operated animals [Sham]: n=3 ). Holter electrocardiogram showed no episode of ventricular tachycardia in the Tx group during the observation period, whereas 67% (2/3) of Sham exhibited ventricular tachycardia. In the Tx group, beat to beat variability of ventricular repolarization, a surrogate marker of ventricular tachycardia, was lower than that in the Sham (1.95±0.6 ms vs 3.65±0.47 ms). CONCLUSIONS: This preclinical study using genomic integration-free CTS indicated a promising feature of hiPSC-based cardiac regenerative therapy for clinical use.
Illegal "Mace" contains more toxic CN particles
Authors: R. A H Scott
Journal: BMJ (1995)

Treating CS gas injuries to the eye Exposure at close range is particularly dangerous EDr1OR,-Jean-Paul Yih's editorial on injuries to the eye caused by O-chlorobenzylidene malono- nitrile (CS) gas, or tear gas, draws attention to the short term effects of the gas on the eye and suggests that such injuries may well be a future problem as individual police officers in Britain will soon be carrying pocket aerosols of CS gas.' Yih implies that the ocular toxicity of CS gas is rapidly reversible; however, the ocular irritation from 1-chloroacetophenone (another tear gas agent) typically lasts only 15 minutes but may persist for up to three days.2The problems are particularly pronounced when the charge of tear gas is fired at close range: powder infiltration of the conjunctiva, cornea, and sclera will occur.The forces are so great that conjunctival tearing may occur.Corneal stromal oedema and later deep vascularisation may ensue, and a multitude of complications have been reported, including symblepharon, pseudopterygium, infective keratitis, trophic ketatopathy, posterior synechia, secondary glaucoma, cataracts, hyphaema, vitreous haemor- rhage, and traumatic optic neuropathy.' Thus
A memorable patient: Disability is in the mind of the beholder
Authors: T. Wells
Journal: BMJ (2000)

control, 6 7 rational prescribing policies, and the need for new antimicrobial drugs and vaccines. 3-5Validation of reported data on resistance has been undertaken by comparison with centralised testing of nationally representative sample strains. 13Regional analyses have been developed for methicillin against Staph aureus 22 (http://www.phls.co.uk/facts/bact.htm).Further analysis of these data could include the determination of the independent effect on antibiotic resistance of region, year, age, and sex by using multivariable methods. 16 This national reporting system should complement local surveillance of bacteraemia in which extensive data on risk factors may be collected. 23 24 We thank the microbiology laboratory staff in England and Wales for reporting isolates to the surveillance centre.Contributors: MHR designed and coordinated the study, supervised the downloading and analysis of data, and wrote the paper.AS retrieved and processed data.DML advised on the design of the study and reviewed and contributed to writing the paper.MCJW advised on the
Health informatics: a required skill for 21st century clinicians
Authors: Douglas B Fridsma
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Cognition depends critically on working memory, the active representation of a limited number of items over short periods of time. In addition to the maintenance of information during the course of cognitive processing, many tasks require that some of the items in working memory become transiently more important than others. Based on cognitive models of working memory, we hypothesized two complementary essential cognitive operations to achieve this: a selection operation that retrieves the most relevant item, and an updating operation that changes the focus of attention onto it. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, high-resolution oculometry, and behavioral analysis, we demonstrate that these two operations are functionally and neuroanatomically dissociated. Updating the attentional focus elicited transient activation in the caudal superior frontal sulcus and posterior parietal cortex. In contrast, increasing demands on selection selectively modulated activation in rostral superior frontal sulcus and posterior cingulate/precuneus. We conclude that prioritizing one memory item over others invokes independent mechanisms of mnemonic retrieval and attentional focusing, each with its distinct neuroanatomical basis within frontal and parietal regions. These support the developing understanding of working memory as emerging from the interaction between memory and attentional systems.
HYBRID APC: A NEW MODALITY FOR TREATMENT OF A DIFFUSELY SPREADING DYSPLASTIC FOREGUT ANASTOMOTIC LESION
Authors: T Kothari, S Kothari, V Kaul, M Sharma
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Endoscopic management of diffusely spreading adenomatous/dysplastic lesion at the site of a gastro-jejunostomy (GJ) anastomosis can be challenging. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection are technically difficult at such locations and risk incomplete resection. We present a case of endoscopic management of such a lesion in an elderly patient using the novel Hybrid APC technology.
A RARE CAUSE OF RECTAL BLEEDING
Authors: LE Zamora Nava, G Grajales-Figueroa, AI Ramirez Polo, F Valdovinos Andraca
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

A 38-year-old woman was evaluated in the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy service due to rectal bleeding. Fifteen days before, she had been hospitalized in another institution for hypovolemic shock associated with bleeding from the digestive tract. Due to this, panendoscopy and colonoscopy were performed, without documenting bleeding site at a higher level. Only, abundant fresh hematic remains were found in the left colon. Bleeding occurred intermittently with abundant volume, associated with altered mental status and hypotension. Due to the persistence of these symptoms, subtotal colectomy was performed. Despite this, the bleeding events persisted, so an assessment was requested in our hospital. During the review, the primary anastamosis site showed active minor bleeding. The remnant of the rectum initially did not present hematic remains either. During the endoscopic examination, a visible vessel surrounded by healthy mucosa, located 4 cm from the anal margin, was observed. An attempt was made to perform hemostasis with band ligation, without success, after which he presented active bleeding. A Dieulafoy lesion was diagnosed. Mechanical hemostasis was performed with direct compression by digital rectal examination and subsequently two hemoclips were applied, with satisfactory control of bleeding. The patient was discharged one week later, without new bleeding events and oral iron supplementation.
Chagas Disease Surveillance Activities — Seven States, 2017
Authors: Carolyne Bennett, Anne Straily, Dirk Haselow, Susan Weinstein, Richard Taffner, Hayley Yaglom, Kenneth Komatsu, Heather Venkat, Catherine Brown, Paul Byers, John Dunn, Abelardo Moncayo, Bonny C. Mayes, Susan P. Montgomery
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

Chagas disease, a potentially life-threatening disease caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, has become a concern in the United States as a result of human emigration from Latin America where Chagas disease is endemic (1). It is estimated that as many as 8 million people living in Mexico, and Central and South America have Chagas disease.* Most cases of Chagas disease in the United States are chronic infections; however, rare cases of acute congenital infections and autochthonous vectorborne transmission have been reported (2). To understand how data are collected and used, a review of state-level public health surveillance for Chagas disease was conducted through semistructured interviews with health officials in six states (Arizona, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi Tennessee, and Texas) where Chagas disease is reportable and one (Massachusetts) where it was previously reportable. States implemented surveillance in response to blood donor screening for Chagas disease and to identify the route of disease transmission. Many states reported primarily chronic cases and had limited ability to respond to local transmission because acute cases were infrequently reported. Surveillance remains important in states with large populations of immigrants or frequent travelers from countries with endemic disease and for states with a risk for local transmission. Surveillance efforts can also help increase awareness among providers and assist in linking patients with Chagas disease to treatment to help prevent cardiac and gastrointestinal complications.
Clinical spectrum and genetic landscape for hereditary spastic paraplegias in China
Authors: En-Lin Dong, Chong Wang, Shuang Wu, Ying-Qian Lu, Xiao-Hong Lin, Hui-Zhen Su, Miao Zhao, Jin He, Li-Xiang Ma, Ning Wang, Wan-Jin Chen, Xiang Lin
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2018)

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) is a heterogeneous group of rare neurodegenerative disorders affecting the corticospinal tracts. To date, more than 78 HSP loci have been mapped to cause HSP. However, both the clinical and mutational spectrum of Chinese patients with HSP remained unclear. In this study, we aim to perform a comprehensive analysis of clinical phenotypes and genetic distributions in a large cohort of Chinese HSP patients, and to elucidate the primary pathogenesis in this population. We firstly performed next-generation sequencing targeting 149 genes correlated with HSP in 99 index cases of our cohort. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification testing was further carried out among those patients without known disease-causing gene mutations. We simultaneously performed a retrospective study on the reported patients exhibiting HSP in other Chinese cohorts. All clinical and molecular characterization from above two groups of Chinese HSP patients were analyzed and summarized. Eventually, we further validated the cellular changes in fibroblasts of two major spastic paraplegia (SPG) patients (SPG4 and SPG11) in vitro. Most patients of ADHSP (94%) are pure forms, whereas most patients of ARHSP (78%) tend to be complicated forms. In ADHSP, we found that SPG4 (79%) was the most prevalent, followed by SPG3A (11%), SPG6 (4%) and SPG33 (2%). Subtle mutations were the common genetic cause for SPG4 patients and most of them located in AAA cassette domain of spastin protein. In ARHSP, the most common subtype was SPG11 (53%), followed by SPG5 (32%), SPG35 (6%) and SPG46 (3%). Moreover, haplotype analysis showed a unique haplotype was shared in 14 families carrying c.334C > T (p.R112*) mutation in CYP7B1 gene, suggesting the founder effect. Functionally, we observed significantly different patterns of mitochondrial dynamics and network, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), increased reactive oxygen species and reduced ATP content in SPG4 fibroblasts. Moreover, we also found the enlargement of LAMP1-positive organelles and abnormal accumulation of autolysosomes in SPG11 fibroblasts. Our study present a comprehensive clinical spectrum and genetic landscape for HSP in China. We have also provided additional evidences for mitochondrial and autolysosomal-mediated pathways in the pathogenesis of HSP.
Comparison of the Safety Planning Intervention With Follow-up vs Usual Care of Suicidal Patients Treated in the Emergency Department
Authors: Barbara Stanley, Gregory K. Brown, Lisa A. Brenner, Hanga C. Galfalvy, Glenn W. Currier, Kerry L. Knox, Sadia R. Chaudhury, Ashley L. Bush, Kelly L. Green
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2018)

Suicidal behavior is a major public health problem in the United States. The suicide rate has steadily increased over the past 2 decades; middle-aged men and military veterans are at particularly high risk. There is a dearth of empirically supported brief intervention strategies to address this problem in health care settings generally and particularly in emergency departments (EDs), where many suicidal patients present for care.To determine whether the Safety Planning Intervention (SPI), administered in EDs with follow-up contact for suicidal patients, was associated with reduced suicidal behavior and improved outpatient treatment engagement in the 6 months following discharge, an established high-risk period.Cohort comparison design with 6-month follow-up at 9 EDs (5 intervention sites and 4 control sites) in Veterans Health Administration hospital EDs. Patients were eligible for the study if they were 18 years or older, had an ED visit for a suicide-related concern, had inpatient hospitalization not clinically indicated, and were able to read English. Data were collected between 2010 and 2015; data were analyzed between 2016 and 2018.The intervention combines SPI and telephone follow-up. The SPI was defined as a brief clinical intervention that combined evidence-based strategies to reduce suicidal behavior through a prioritized list of coping skills and strategies. In telephone follow-up, patients were contacted at least 2 times to monitor suicide risk, review and revise the SPI, and support treatment engagement.Suicidal behavior and behavioral health outpatient services extracted from medical records for 6 months following ED discharge.Of the 1640 total patients, 1186 were in the intervention group and 454 were in the comparison group. Patients in the intervention group had a mean (SD) age of 47.15 (14.89) years and 88.5% were men (n = 1050); patients in the comparison group had a mean (SD) age of 49.38 (14.47) years and 88.1% were men (n = 400). Patients in the SPI+ condition were less likely to engage in suicidal behavior (n = 36 of 1186; 3.03%) than those receiving usual care (n = 24 of 454; 5.29%) during the 6-month follow-up period. The SPI+ was associated with 45% fewer suicidal behaviors, approximately halving the odds of suicidal behavior over 6 months (odds ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.33-0.95, P = .03). Intervention patients had more than double the odds of attending at least 1 outpatient mental health visit (odds ratio, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.57-2.71; P < .001).This large-scale cohort comparison study found that SPI+ was associated with a reduction in suicidal behavior and increased treatment engagement among suicidal patients following ED discharge and may be a valuable clinical tool in health care settings.
Abstract 8124: Effect of Strong Lipophilic Statin Therapy on Left Atrial Structure and Function Assessed by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography in Elderly Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Tomoko Fujii, Ryuhei Tanaka, Koji Ono, Takatomo Watanabe, Yoshiaki Goto, Maki Nagaya, Noriyuki Onishi, Shintaro Abe, Reiko Matsuoka, Takashi Kato, Syunichiro Warita, Tai Kojima, Makoto Iwama, Takeshi Hirose, Shintaro Tanihata, Toshiyuki Noda, Mami Iida, Sachiro Watanabe, Masanori Kawasaki, Shinya Minatoguchi
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Prevention of the processes of left atrial (LA) remodeling associated with atrial fibrillation and heart failure especially in elderly hypertensive patients (HT) may have a major public health impact. Statins may attenuate cardiac hypertrophy by inhibition of intracellular signaling molecules such as Rac 1 and may be associated with lower mortality in patients with heart failure. We assessed the hypothesis that strong lipophilic statin (pitavastatin) has a beneficial effect on LA structure and function in elderly hypertensive patients by preventing left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy through pleiotropic effect. Methods: LA phasic volume by Simpson's rule and LA total, passive and active emptying function (EF), and LA strain rate (SR) at systole, early diastole and atrial contraction were measured in apical 4-chamber view by speckle tracking method that can provide time-LA volume curve automatically and promptly among three groups; HT with statin group was consisted of hypertensive patients with hyperlipidemia treated with statin for more than two years (n=68, age 74±4, 32 men), HT without statin group was age-matched HT but without hyperlipidemia and statin (n=68, age 74±4, 40 men) and control group was age-matched normal subjects (n=66, age 74±6, 29 men). LV mass, LV ejection fraction and E/e’ as a diastolic function were measured. Results: LA volume and function in HT with statin were more preserved than HT without statin despite no difference in LDL cholesterol, blood pressure and antihypertensive drug use. SR at systole and atrial contraction in HT with statin was significantly increased associated with dilation of LA. LA volume and function in HT with statin were comparable to control (Table). Conclusion: Pitavastatin had a beneficial effect on LA structure and function associated with preserved diastolic function through pleiotropic effects in elderly hypertensive patients.
Abstract 19654: Natriuretic Peptide Improves Death Risk Prediction of Maggic Heart Failure Risk Model
Authors: ByungSu Yoo, Sayma Sabrina Khanam, Eunhee Choi, JungWoo Son, SangWook Park
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: In clinical practice, risk prediction models are effective in serving solitary programs to predict prognoses more in particular patient groups. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or N-t...
Optimal Multimodal Treatment for Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumors
Authors: Olivier Mir, Julien Adam, Charles Honoré
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Childhood matters
Authors: C J Hobbs, P L Heywood
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Britain is failing too many of its children. This is the bleak conclusion of the recently published report of the National Commission of Inquiry into the Prevention of Child Abuse ( Childhood Matters ).1 At some time, 10% of children are at risk of substantial harm. This could be prevented, and, rightly, few agencies or professional groups are spared the requirement to improve.

The commission defines child abuse as “anything which individuals, institutions or processes do or fail to do which directly or indirectly harms children or damages their prospects of a safe and healthy development into adulthood.” Hence, the omissions of our professions and our tardiness in implementing change, from this perspective, are themselves abusive. This has already attracted criticism from the government, the key institution with parent-like responsibilities, which is presently considering a return to more brutal methods of child rearing.2

Evidence was taken from over 10 000 people, including many who were abused …