tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Emerging Biotechnology Applications of Aqueous Two‐Phase Systems
Authors: Alyne G. Teixeira, Rishima Agarwal, Kristin Robin Ko, Jessica Grant‐Burt, Brendan M. Leung, John P. Frampton
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2017)

Abstract Liquid–liquid phase separation between aqueous solutions containing two incompatible polymers, a polymer and a salt, or a polymer and a surfactant, has been exploited for a wide variety of biotechnology applications throughout the years. While many applications for aqueous two‐phase systems fall within the realm of separation science, the ability to partition many different materials within these systems, coupled with recent advances in materials science and liquid handling, has allowed bioengineers to imagine new applications. This progress report provides an overview of the history and key properties of aqueous two‐phase systems to lend context to how these materials have progressed to modern applications such as cellular micropatterning and bioprinting, high‐throughput 3D tissue assembly, microscale biomolecular assay development, facilitation of cell separation and microcapsule production using microfluidic devices, and synthetic biology. Future directions and present limitations and design considerations of this adaptable and promising toolkit for biomolecule and cellular manipulation are further evaluated.
FIH Is an Oxygen Sensor in Ovarian Cancer for G9a/GLP-Driven Epigenetic Regulation of Metastasis-Related Genes
Authors: Jengmin Kang, Seung-Hyun Shin, Haejin Yoon, June Huh, Hyun-Woo Shin, Yang-Sook Chun, Jong-Wan Park
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

The prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing proteins (PHD1-3) and the asparaginyl hydroxlyase factor inhibiting HIF (FIH) are oxygen sensors for hypoxia-inducible factor-driven transcription of hypoxia-induced genes, but whether these sensors affect oxygen-dependent epigenetic regulation more broadly is not known. Here, we show that FIH exerts an additional role as an oxygen sensor in epigenetic control by the histone lysine methyltransferases G9a and GLP. FIH hydroxylated and inhibited G9a and GLP under normoxia. When the FIH reaction was limited under hypoxia, G9a and GLP were activated and repressed metastasis suppressor genes, thereby triggering cancer cell migration and peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer xenografts. In clinical specimens of ovarian cancer, expression of FIH and G9a were reciprocally associated with patient outcomes. We also identified mutations of FIH target motifs in G9a and GLP, which exhibited excessive H3K9 methylation and facilitated cell invasion. This study provides insight into a new function of FIH as an upstream regulator of oxygen-dependent chromatin remodeling. It also implies that the FIH-G9a/GLP pathway could be a potential target for inhibiting hypoxia-induced cancer metastasis.Significance: These findings deepen understanding of oxygen-dependent gene regulation and cancer metastasis in response to hypoxia. Cancer Res; 78(5); 1184-99. ©2017 AACR.
Protein phosphatase 2A inhibition enhances radiation sensitivity and reduces tumor growth in chordoma
Authors: Shuyu Hao, Hua Song, Wei Zhang, Ashlee Seldomridge, Jinkyu Jung, Amber J Giles, Marsha-Kay Hutchinson, Xiaoyu Cao, Nicole Colwell, Adrian Lita, Mioara Larion, Dragan Maric, Mones Abu-Asab, Martha Quezado, Tamalee Kramp, Kevin Camphausen, Zhengping Zhuang, Mark R Gilbert, Deric M Park
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Standard therapy for chordoma consists of surgical resection followed by high-dose irradiation. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine phosphatase involved in signal transduction, cell cycle progression, cell differentiation, and DNA repair. LB100 is a small-molecule inhibitor of PP2A designed to sensitize cancer cells to DNA damage from irradiation and chemotherapy. A recently completed phase I trial of LB100 in solid tumors demonstrated its safety. Here, we show the therapeutic potential of LB100 in chordoma.Three patient-derived chordoma cell lines were used: U-CH1, JHC7, and UM-Chor1. Cell proliferation was determined with LB100 alone and in combination with irradiation. Cell cycle progression was assessed by flow cytometry. Quantitative γ-H2AX immunofluorescence and immunoblot evaluated the effect of LB100 on radiation-induced DNA damage. Ultrastructural evidence for nuclear damage was investigated using Raman imaging and transmission electron microscopy. A xenograft model was established to determine potential clinical utility of adding LB100 to irradiation.PP2A inhibition in concert with irradiation demonstrated in vitro growth inhibition. The combination of LB100 and radiation also induced accumulation at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, the stage most sensitive to radiation-induced damage. LB100 enhanced radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Animals implanted with chordoma cells and treated with the combination of LB100 and radiation demonstrated tumor growth delay.Combining LB100 and radiation enhanced DNA damage-induced cell death and delayed tumor growth in an animal model of chordoma. PP2A inhibition by LB100 treatment may improve the effectiveness of radiation therapy for chordoma.
Latest Report on Health Effects of Climate Change
Authors: M.J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Impact of Obesity on Outcomes of Elderly Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant for Myeloid Malignancies
Authors: Ensi Voshtina, Aniko Szabo, Mehdi Hamadani, Tim S. Fenske, Anita D'Souza, Wael Saber, William R. Drobyski, Parameswaran Hari, Nirav N. Shah
Journal: Blood (2016)
Problems and Prospects: Public Health Regulation of Dietary Supplements
Authors: Colin W. Binns, Mi Kyung Lee, Andy H. Lee
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2017)

Dietary supplements are a global business worth more than US$100 billion annually. These supplements are taken by up to 50% of adults and perhaps one-third of children in economically advanced economies. Definitions of dietary supplements differ from country to country, and regulation is generally lax and often seems to be directed more toward promoting commerce than protecting public health. Supplements may directly cause toxic reactions or may interact with other supplements or pharmaceuticals. Some supplements are found to have been contaminated with heavy metals, and others do not contain the expected quantities of active ingredients. In general, supplements are not needed except in cases of established deficiencies, and excess of some nutrients can increase cancer rates. There are important public health reasons for taking some supplements, including folate and iodine in pregnancy. This review discusses the public health concerns associated with dietary supplements and suggests directions for further regulation.
Expression profile of IL-33/ST2 and TSLP/TSLP-R in the skin of atopic dermatitis post-allergen exposure
Authors: Dhuha Al-Sajee, Emma Price, Heidi Yin, Karen J. Howie, Paul M. O'Byrne, Hermenio Lima, Gail M. Gauvreau, Roma Sehmi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Cellular Differentiation of Human Monocytes Is Regulated by Time-Dependent Interleukin-4 Signaling and the Transcriptional Regulator NCOR2
Authors: Jil Sander, Susanne V. Schmidt, Branko Cirovic, Naomi McGovern, Olympia Papantonopoulou, Anna-Lena Hardt, Anna C. Aschenbrenner, Christoph Kreer, Thomas Quast, Alexander M. Xu, Lisa M. Schmidleithner, Heidi Theis, Lan Do Thi Huong, Hermi Rizal Bin Sumatoh, Mario A.R. Lauterbach, Jonas Schulte-Schrepping, Patrick Günther, Jia Xue, Kevin Baßler, Thomas Ulas, Kathrin Klee, Natalie Katzmarski, Stefanie Herresthal, Wolfgang Krebs, Bianca Martin, Eicke Latz, Kristian Händler, Michael Kraut, Waldemar Kolanus, Marc Beyer, Christine S. Falk, Bettina Wiegmann, Sven Burgdorf, Nicholas A. Melosh, Evan W. Newell, Florent Ginhoux, Andreas Schlitzer, Joachim L. Schultze
Journal: Immunity (2017)

Human in vitro generated monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) and macrophages are used clinically, e.g., to induce immunity against cancer. However, their physiological counterparts, ontogeny, transcriptional regulation, and heterogeneity remains largely unknown, hampering their clinical use. High-dimensional techniques were used to elucidate transcriptional, phenotypic, and functional differences between human in vivo and in vitro generated mononuclear phagocytes to facilitate their full potential in the clinic. We demonstrate that monocytes differentiated by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) or granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) resembled in vivo inflammatory macrophages, while moDCs resembled in vivo inflammatory DCs. Moreover, differentiated monocytes presented with profound transcriptomic, phenotypic, and functional differences. Monocytes integrated GM-CSF and IL-4 stimulation combinatorically and temporally, resulting in a mode- and time-dependent differentiation relying on NCOR2. Finally, moDCs are phenotypically heterogeneous and therefore necessitate the use of high-dimensional phenotyping to open new possibilities for better clinical tailoring of these cellular therapies.
Abstract 17930: Differences in Baseline Arterial and Venous Platelet Reactivity in Stable and Unstable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Subhi J Al’Aref, Marissa A Lombardo, Dmitriy N Feldman, Luke K Kim, Robert M Minutello, Harsimran S Singh, Geoffrey Bergman, S.Chiu Wong, Rajesh V Swaminathan
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction:  P2Y 12  inhibition is the basis of treatment in patients with ischemic heart disease and those undergoing coronary stenting. Baseline and residual platelet reactivity as well as efficacy of P2Y 12  inhibition have been examined via platelet function assays based on peripheral venous blood sampling.   Hypothesis:  We sought to examine regional differences in baseline platelet reactivity between the coronary and peripheral venous and arterial circulation.   Methods:  Twenty-three P2Y 12  inhibitor-naive patients undergoing coronary angiography were enrolled. Regional differences in baseline platelet reactivity, measured through the VerifyNow P2Y 12  assay, were determined between near simultaneous collections of blood samples drawn from the peripheral vein (PV), femoral artery (FA), right (RCA) and left (LCA) coronary arteries.   Results:  Mean age was 60.1 ± 10.8 years and 61% were male patients. Clinically, 39% of the patients presented with stable angina, 26% presented with unstable angina and 35% presented with a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Mean platelet reactivity was significantly lower in the PV (237.5 ± 45.3 PRU units) compared with the FA (255.2 ± 47.4 PRU units), LCA (261.4 ± 48.1 PRU units) and RCA (283.5 ± 41.7 PRU units) ( P  values    Conclusions:  Intra-coronary platelet reactivity differs significantly from peripheral venous and arterial circulation. Across various subgroups, platelet reactivity is highest in the coronary circulation, particularly in the right coronary artery, and lowest in the peripheral vein.
Adaptive and Reversible Resistance to Kras Inhibition in Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Pan-Yu Chen, Mandar Deepak Muzumdar, Kimberly Judith Dorans, Rebecca Robbins, Arjun Bhutkar, Amanda del Rosario, Philipp Mertins, Jana Qiao, Anette Claudia Schafer, Frank Gertler, Steven Carr, Tyler Jacks
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Activating mutations in
Low dose CT screening for lung cancer
Authors: David R Baldwin, Kevin ten Haaf, Janette Rawlinson, Matthew E J Callister
Journal: BMJ (2017)

The head of NHS England, Simon Stevens, recently announced
plans to expand pilot schemes offering lung cancer screening
in supermarket car parks. This has prompted inevitable
questions about national screening for a cancer that causes more
deaths in developed countries than breast and bowel cancers
combined.  
Lung cancer is curable if found at an early stage, but two thirds
of people present with advanced disease, when survival is short
and cure uncommon. Established screening programmes for
breast and bowel cancer exist in many developed nations, but
only the US and Canada have approved national screening for
lung cancer with low dose computed tomography (CT), based
primarily on findings from the US National Lung Screening
Trial.  
The trial reported reductions in mortality from both lung cancer
and all causes (20% and 6.7% respectively) after annual CT for
three years compared with annual chest radiography. The final
results from the only other clinical study powered to detect a
reduction in mortality, the Dutch-Belgian NELSON trial, are
still awaited.
From forensic epigenetics to forensic epigenomics: broadening DNA investigative intelligence
Authors: Athina Vidaki, Manfred Kayser
Journal: Genome biology (2017)

Human genetic variation is a major resource in forensics, but does not allow all forensically relevant questions to be answered. Some questions may instead be addressable via epigenomics, as the epigenome acts as an interphase between the fixed genome and the dynamic environment. We envision future forensic applications of DNA methylation analysis that will broaden DNA-based forensic intelligence. Together with genetic prediction of appearance and biogeographic ancestry, epigenomic lifestyle prediction is expected to increase the ability of police to find unknown perpetrators of crime who are not identifiable using current forensic DNA profiling.
Phase I study of the anti-PD-1 antibody SHR-1210 in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Authors: Jing Huang, Hongnan Mo, Dawei Wu, Xuelian Chen, Lanying Ma, Bo Lan, Dong Qu, Qing Yang, Binghe Xu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e15572 Background: SHR-1210 is a humanized anti-PD-1 IgG4 antibody that blocks the binding of PD-L1 and PD-L2 to PD-1. SHR-1210 binds to PD-1 with high affinity. Methods: This phase 1 study consisted of dose-escalation and expansion cohorts. We used a standard 3+3 design to assess safety in the dose escalation part. SHR-1210 was initially administered by intravenous (IV) infusion over 30 minutes on days 1 and 28, and repeated every 14 days thereafter. Based on pharmacologic models, disease-specific cohorts were enrolled to receive SHR-1210 at 200 mg IV every 2 weeks (Q2W). Results: Overall, a total of 58 patients were treated with SHR-1210 at 3 dose levels and schedules: 60 mg Q2W (12 patients); 200 mg Q2W (34 patients), and 400 mg Q2W (12 patients). 49/58 patients received &gt; 2 cycles (each cycle was 28 days) while 36/58 patients were receiving ongoing treatment at the time of abstract preparation. No dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was observed. The most common adverse events (AEs) related to SHR-1210 included: reactive capillary hemangiomas (79.3%), hypothyroidism (29.3%), pruritus (19.0%), elevated transaminase (13.8%), increased bilirubin (12.1%), fatigue (12.1%), fever (10.3%), and diarrhea (10.3%). Of the 46 cases of hemangiomas, only 5 patients were with grade 2, others were evaluated as grade 1. Of the 17 cases of hypothyroidism were asymptomatic and none exceeded grade 2 severity. Serious AEs suspected to be related to SHR-1210 included one grade 3 acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, one grade 3 elevated cardiac troponin I, one grade 4 thrombocytopenia and one grade 4 neutropenia. Overall, the objective response rate as assessed by central review was 31.0%, with a disease control rate of 46.5%. No patients achieved complete response. Eighteen patients had partial response, including 10 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients (10/29), three gastric cancer patients (3/8), one lung cancer patient (1/3), one nasopharynx cancer patient (1/3), one hepatocellular carcinoma patient (1/3), one colorectal carcinoma patient (1/3), and one bladder cancer patient (1/1). Conclusions: SHR-1210 was well-tolerated with encouraging antitumor activity and a safety profile. Clinical trial information: NCT02742935.
The Timing of Cord Clamping for Preterm Infants
Authors: Colm P F O'Donnell
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

Umbilical cords have been divided hundreds of thousands of times a day for hundreds of thousands of years. One might expect, then, that the timing of division would not be contentious. The question, however, balances the interests of two patients (mother and baby) that may be viewed differently by three clinicians (midwife, obstetrician, and neonatologist) charged with their care, and often arises in fraught circumstances. At birth, approximately a third of the baby’s blood is in the placenta. Given that immediate cord clamping prevents transfer of that blood to the baby, why did immediate clamping become the norm? There are . . .
Seven sins when interpreting statistics in sports injury science
Authors: Rasmus Oestergaard Nielsen, Cassandra M Chapman, Winnifred R Louis, Steven D Stovitz, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Johann Windt, Merete Møller, Erik Thorlund Parner, Adam Hulme, Michael Lejbach Bertelsen, Caroline F Finch, Marti Casals, Evert Verhagen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

The  British Journal of Sports Medicine has introduced a series of editorials and infographics that explain the value of using appropriate methodology in sports injury research.1–6 Indeed, proper methodology is necessary for understanding why sports injuries develop, how best to prevent them and which therapeutic interventions will be most effective. Without correctly applying and interpreting statistics, subjective intuitions could lead to incorrect conclusions. In this editorial, we present seven common ‘statistical sins’ made in research and discuss how to present research findings in such a way as to help athletes, coaches and clinicians avoid drawing flawed conclusions when attempting to interpret causality in sports injury research. The sins have been adapted from an article originally published in The Conversation .7

Did you know that NFL teams with an animal team logo (eg, Denver Broncos and Carolina Panthers) have a dramatic 15% reduced risk of concussions compared with NFL teams without animal logos (eg, Tennessee Titans and Pittsburgh Steelers)?8 If one looks hard enough, apparently interesting associations and spurious correlations between phenomena can be found almost everywhere. However, simply because two things happen to change in parallel, or follow a similar pattern, does not mean they are causally related.

To avoid this sin, one must thoughtfully consider whether the association is likely to be causal or non-causal. Most sports injury studies simply examine non-causal associations, which are sometimes wrongly interpreted as being causal. Think of concussions and animal logos next time you read a sports injury article: are the reported relationships likely to be causally …
Are Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging and General Movements Assessment Sufficient for Early, Accurate Diagnosis of Cerebral Palsy?
Authors: Nehal A. Parikh
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Abstract 19477: Transthoracic Bioimpedance Monitoring Predicts Readmission After Hospitalization for Heart Failure: Preliminary Results From the SENTINEL-HF Study
Authors: Chad E Darling, Silviu Dovancescu, Jarno Riistama, Jane Saczynski, Nisha Kini, Fatima Sert Kuniyoshi, Joseph Rock, Theo E Meyer, Robert J Goldberg, David D McManus
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Patients and health systems are focused on reducing readmissions for patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF). Readmission after hospitalization is often secondary to HF decompensation, but it remains challenging to identify patients at-risk. Bioimpedance is a validated marker of thoracic fluid accumulation. We examined whether changes in bioimpedance, measured using a Fluid Accumulation Vest (FAV), predicted subsequent HF decompensation in patients discharged after ADHF. Methods: Participants included 83 patients hospitalized for ADHF. Subjects were trained on the use of a FAV-smartphone dyad to obtain and transmit a 5-minute bioimpedance measurement once daily for 45-days after discharge.(see Figure) The outcome of interest, HF-related readmission was assessed using participant report and medical records. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values were calculated to describe the efficacy of the bioimpedance alert algorithm as a predictor of HF readmission. Results: Subject characteristics: mean age 68 ± 11 years, 36% female, 92% white, mean ejection fraction of 44 ± 19%. 49 participants completed the 45-day follow-up and had sufficient, daily FAV data for analysis. Our main outcome of HF-related rehospitalization occurred in 8% of patients during follow-up. The decompensation detection algorithm demonstrated a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 47%, positive/negative predictive values of 11% and 96%, respectively. Conclusions: The preliminary results of this ongoing study suggest that HF readmissions may be predicted with modest sensitivity by our current decompensation detection algorithm. Further refinement of our transthoracic bioimpedance system may offer possibilities for reducing HF readmissions by enabling identification and treatment of outpatients at risk for readmission.
Modelling the elimination of hepatitis C as a public health threat in Iceland: A goal attainable by 2020
Authors: Nick Scott, Sigurður Ólafsson, Magnús Gottfreðsson, Thorarinn Tyrfingsson, Valgerdur Rúnarsdóttir, Ingunn Hansdottir, Ubaldo Benitez Hernandez, Guðrún Sigmundsdóttir, Margaret Hellard
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2017)