Smoking, Vaping, and Use of Edibles and Other Forms of Marijuana Among U.S. Adults
Authors: Stacey Steigerwald, Peggy O. Wong, Beth E. Cohen, Julie H. Ishida, Marzieh Vali, Erin Madden, Salomeh Keyhani
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

Letters18 December 2018Smoking, Vaping, and Use of Edibles and Other Forms of Marijuana Among U.S. AdultsStacey Steigerwald, MSSA, Peggy O. Wong, BA, Beth E. Cohen, MD, MAS, Julie H. Ishida, MD, MAS, Marzieh Vali, MS, Erin Madden, MS, and Salomeh Keyhani, MD, MPHStacey Steigerwald, MSSANorthern California Institute for Research and Education and San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California (S.S., P.O.W., M.V., E.M.), Peggy O. Wong, BANorthern California Institute for Research and Education and San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California (S.S., P.O.W., M.V., E.M.), Beth E. Cohen, MD, MASUniversity of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco VA Hospital, San Francisco, California (B.E.C., J.H.I., S.K.), Julie H. Ishida, MD, MASUniversity of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco VA Hospital, San Francisco, California (B.E.C., J.H.I., S.K.), Marzieh Vali, MSNorthern California Institute for Research and Education and San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California (S.S., P.O.W., M.V., E.M.), Erin Madden, MSNorthern California Institute for Research and Education and San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California (S.S., P.O.W., M.V., E.M.), and Salomeh Keyhani, MD, MPHUniversity of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco VA Hospital, San Francisco, California (B.E.C., J.H.I., S.K.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M18-1681 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Background: Marijuana is commercially available in increasingly novel forms, such as edibles and concentrates, and with tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content at levels that have unknown health effects (1). Current federally sponsored surveys report the prevalence of use of smoked marijuana among the U.S. population. Despite legalization of recreational marijuana in some states and the development of a multibillion dollar cannabis industry, national data on the prevalence of use of other forms of marijuana are not available.Objective: To examine the prevalence of different forms of marijuana use among U.S. adults.Methods and Findings: We surveyed a nationally representative sample of 16 280 ...References1. Steigerwald S, Wong PO, Khorasani A, Keyhani S. The form and content of cannabis products in the United States. J Gen Intern Med. 2018. [PMID: 29770952] doi:10.1007/s11606-018-4480-0 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Keyhani S, Steigerwald S, Ishida J, Vali M, Cerdá M, Hasin D, et al. Risks and benefits of marijuana use: a national survey of U.S. adults. Ann Intern Med. 2018. [PMID: 30039154]. doi:10.7326/M18-0810 LinkGoogle Scholar3. Meier MH, Caspi A, Cerdá M, Hancox RJ, Harrington H, Houts R, et al. Associations between cannabis use and physical health problems in early midlife: a longitudinal comparison of persistent cannabis vs tobacco users. JAMA Psychiatry. 2016;73:731-40. [PMID: 27249330] doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.0637 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. ElSohly MA, Mehmedic Z, Foster S, Gon C, Chandra S, Church JC. Changes in cannabis potency over the last 2 decades (1995-2014): analysis of current data in the United States. Biol Psychiatry. 2016;79:613-9. [PMID: 26903403] doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.01.004 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Di Forti M, Marconi A, Carra E, Fraietta S, Trotta A, Bonomo M, et al. Proportion of patients in south London with first-episode psychosis attributable to use of high potency cannabis: a case-control study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2015;2:233-8. [PMID: 26359901] doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(14)00117-5 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Northern California Institute for Research and Education and San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California (S.S., P.O.W., M.V., E.M.)University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco VA Hospital, San Francisco, California (B.E.C., J.H.I., S.K.)Note: The funding sources had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, and analysis of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; or decision to submit the manuscript for publication.Disclaimer: The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not represent the views of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs or the U.S. government.Financial Support: In part by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health (grant R01HL130484-01A1) and by the Northern California Research Institute for Research and Education (S.K.). Dr. Ishida was supported by a career development award from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K23DK103963).Disclosures: Authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M18-1681.Reproducible Research Statement:Study protocol and data set: Available from Ms. Steigerwald (e-mail, Stacey.[email protected]gov). Statistical code: Not available.This article was published at Annals.org on 28 August 2018. 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