tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Same or different: Common pathways of behavioral biomarkers in infants and children with neurodevelopmental disorders?
Authors: Peter B. Marschik, Dajie Zhang, Gianluca Esposito, Sven Bölte, Christa Einspieler, Jeff Sigafoos
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

The extent to which early motor patterns represent antecedents to later communicative functions, and the emergence of gesture and/or sign as potential communicative acts in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), are research questions that have received recent attention. It is important to keep in mind that different NDDs have different neurological underpinnings, with correspondingly different implications for their conceptualization, detection, and treatment.
Improving the impact of clinical research: A systematic analysis of kidney cancer trials.
Authors: Bradford Richard Hirsch, Aaron Mitchell, Steven Kunyuan Cheng, Asba Tasneem, Kevin A. Schulman, David M. Dilts, Amy Pickar Abernethy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

6051 Background: Clinical trials are essential to advancing cancer care, but the means to evaluate and improve the portfolio have been lacking. This study analyzes the renal cell carcinoma (RCC) trial portfolio using the database for the Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov. As RCC is an area of promise, what insights can an evaluation of the portfolio provide? Methods: 40,970 clinical studies registered with ClinicalTrials.gov between October 2007 and September 2010 were aggregated by specialty using MeSH terms and submitted conditions. 8,942 oncology trials were identified and categorized by cancer type. 108 trials opening in October 2007 or later were identified as evaluating treatments for RCC. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize trial design, study agent(s), accrual and sponsorship. Results: 52 trials (48%) assessed agents already recommended as 1st or 2nd-line treatments in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) RCC Guidelines at the time of study initiation and 19 (18%) studied other FDA-approved treatments. 37 trials (34%) included a novel (non-FDA approved) agent or vaccine. Total anticipated or actual accrual was 12,753, with 50% accrued/accruing to trials of only NCCN agents, 34% to novel agents and 16% to other FDA-approved agents. Industry was identified as a sponsor or collaborator in 48% of trials assessing only NCCN agents, 73% of novel agent trials and 53% of other FDA-approved agent trials. As shown in the table, a minority of trials were randomized, blinded or late-phase (Phase III or IV), regardless of approval status of study agent. Conclusions: The majority of new studies and accrual in RCC assess questions of treatment sequence and setting for established therapies, many of which lack rigorous design. Across the portfolio, studies are predominantly industry sponsored. Optimizing clinical research includes increasing studies of novel therapeutics and improving the comparative effectiveness research portfolio by increasing utilization of pragmatic designs, registries and late-phase programs. [Table: see text]
Can Whole Brain Radiotherapy be omitted from the treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer patients with brain metastases not amenable to stereotactic radiotherapy or surgery?: Results from the UK Medical Research Council QUARTZ randomised clinical trial
Authors: Paula Mulvenna, Matthew Nankivell, Rachael Barton, Corinne Faivre-Finn, Paula Wilson, Elaine McColl, Barbara Moore, Iona Brisbane, David Ardron, Tanya Holt, Sally Morgan, Caroline Lee, Kathryn Waite, Neil Bayman, Cheryl Pugh, Benjamin Sydes, Richard Stephens, Mahesh Paramar, Ruth Langley
Journal: The Lancet (2016)
Integration of computerised dynamic posturography (equitest) in the rehabilitation process after concussion
Authors: Mani Karin, Feddermann Nina, Meier Cornelia, Müller Alfred, Straumann Dominik, Meier Cornelia, Bizzini Mario
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Objective Vertigo, dizziness and visual problems are among the main symptoms of a prolong course after concussion. Adequate diagnostic tools are rare. The computerized sensory organization test (SOT) differentiates the sensory integration between somatosensory, vision, vestibular and visual preference. This analysis may help to create an individual rehabilitation program and observe the progress. Design Case series. Setting Rehabilitation center. Participants Among 31 post-injury tested athletes with a diagnosed concussion 5 male professional players completed a follow-up test by the end of April 2016. Interventions: 5 players performed a post-injury baseline on the computerized dynamic posturograph (Equitest) and repeated the test as follow-up after personalized vestibulo-oculomotor therapy and improvement of symptoms during the rehabilitation process. Outcome measures Outcome measures were total score (calculated by 6 SOT conditions) and identification of the integrational deficits (calculated by results of sensory analysis). Both values serve to guide and monitor the individual rehabilitation. Main results At post-injury baseline a deficient total score and vestibular impairment was verified in all 5 athletes. After specific individualized vestibulo-oculomotor therapy and a significant reduction of symptoms the follow-up test demonstrated improvement in total score (22% ± 10% SD) to a point where entering intensive training (return to play protocol stage 3) was recommended. Regarding the vestibular system patients improved their score 57% ± 20% SD. Conclusions The computerized SOT can be a useful tool to identify specific sensory deficits and to help specify post-injury therapy and observe the individual rehabilitation process regarding the return to play protocol. Further research is required. Competing interests None.
Impact of Molecular Markers on Response and Resistance in Midostaurin-Treated Patients with Advanced Systemic Mastocytosis
Authors: Mohamad Jawhar, Juliana Schwaab, Nicole Naumann, Sebastian Kluger, Hans-Peter Horny, Karl Sotlar, Torsten Haferlach, Georgia Metzgeroth, Alice Fabarius, Peter Valent, Wolf-Karsten Hofmann, Nicholas C.P. Cross, Manja Meggendorfer, Andreas Reiter
Journal: Blood (2016)
Sleep disorders after mild traumatic brain injuries in elements with professional athletic activity
Authors: Nikolaos Ch.Syrmos, Argyios Mylonas, Georgios Gavridakis, Vaitsa Giannouli
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Indroduction Sleep disturbances are common situations after traumatic brain injuries. Aim Aim of this study was to evaluate sleep disorders in elements professional athletic activity after mild traumatic brain injuries. Material and methods Evaluation of 10 professional athletes was performed, 7 men–70% and 3 women −30%(range 18–38 years and mean age 28) with sleep disturbances after mild traumatic brain injuries. The most common disturbances are insomnia in 6, 60% increased sleep need in 2–20%, and excessive daytime sleepiness in 2–20%. We suggest in all 10, 100%, cognitive-behavioural therapy and appropriate medication, under psychiatric surveillance. 8 of them 80% returned with safe results in the physical activity after 2 or 3 months. Results The most common disturbances were insomnia in 5, 50%, increased sleep need in 2–20%, and excessive daytime sleepiness in 3–30%. We suggest in all 10,100%, cognitive-behavioural therapy and appropriate medication, under psychiatric surveillance. 7 of them 70% returned with safe results in the physical activity after 2 or 3 months. Conclusions We need more investigation but seems that cognitive-behavioural therapy and medication could be helpful in these situation. Competing interests None.
Extending the Benefits of Indicated Prevention to Improve Outcomes of First-Episode Psychosis
Authors: Paolo Fusar-Poli
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Feature integration, attention, and fixations during visual search
Authors: Abbas Khani, Mehdi Ordikhani-Seyedlar
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract We argue that mechanistic premises of “item-based” theories are not invalidated by the fixation-based approach. We use item-based theories to propose an account that does not advocate strict serial item processing and integrates fixations. The main focus of this account is feature integration within fixations. We also suggest that perceptual load determines the size of the fixations.
Changes in patient quality of life during oral immunotherapy for food allergy
Authors: N. Epstein Rigbi, M. R. Goldberg, M. B. Levy, L. Nachshon, K. Golobov, A. Elizur
Journal: Allergy (2017)

Quality of life (QOL) is impaired in patients with food allergy and improves following oral immunotherapy (OIT). However, the treatment itself is prolonged and demanding. We examined changes in patient QOL during OIT for food allergy.The FAQLQ-PF was administered to children aged 4-12 years undergoing OIT for milk, peanut, or egg allergy, at the beginning and after 4 months of treatment. Patients were categorized as improved, unchanged, or diminished FAQLQ-PF (>0.5 point decrease, a change of ≤0.5 points, or >0.5 increase, respectively) and compared. Food-allergic patients not undergoing OIT served as controls.The Food Anxiety, Social and Dietary Limitation, and total FAQLQ-PF scores improved significantly during the study period (P=.001, P=.018, and P=.01, respectively) in treated but not in control patients, while the Emotional Impact did not. The change in the FAQLQ-PF was independent of the maximal tolerated dose at baseline or following four months of treatment, the pace of dose increase, or the number or severity of reactions experienced. The total FAQLQ-PF score was inversely associated with the score at baseline on multivariate analysis (regression coefficient=-0.56, P<.001). That was driven primarily by improvement in QOL scores in patients with high score (worse QOL) at baseline. Some patients with low FAQLQ-PF score (better QOL) at baseline deteriorated.QOL of patients with food allergy improves in some but deteriorates in others during OIT. Patients with impaired QOL at baseline improve significantly despite the treatment burden. Some patients with better QOL at baseline might deteriorate during OIT.
DIPG-04. COMBINED TARGETING OF CALCIUM SIGNALLING AND RTK/PI3K PATHWAY IS A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH AGAINST DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMA
Authors: Maria Tsoli, Danielle Lapin, Laura Franshaw, Han Shen, Jie Liu, David Ziegler
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a highly aggressive paediatric brainstem tumour, with a peak incidence in middle childhood and a median survival of less than 1 year in the majority of cases. The dismal prognosis associated with DIPG is exacerbated by the repeated failure of over 250 clinical trials to improve survival over standard radiotherapy. We performed a high throughput screen (HTS) of 3500 clinically available compounds, which identified 33 active agents against DIPG. Furthermore we performed a combination HTS based on these 33 agents together with 50 chemotherapeutic agents against each other, resulting in 3,403 combinations. This unbiased combination HTS identified >40 active combinations, with Calmidazolium / Nilotinib and Calmidazolium / Temsirolimus showing the most potent synergy. These promising candidates were selected for further investigation in vitro using cytotoxicity assays, colony formation assays, flow cytometry assessing apoptotic events and western blot to elucidate mechanisms of actions. The two calmidazolium-based combinations demonstrated a synergistic reduction in DIPG cell viability at therapeutically relevant concentrations. Further, calmidazolium combinations significantly enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of radiation when administered together and assessed by colony formation assays. The induction of apoptosis was successfully demonstrated in a time-dependent manner and incidentally corresponded to a reduction in CD133+ expressing DIPG cells. Interrogation of mechanisms of action, found that the combination therapies acted via synergistic inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and key partners in calcium signalling such as calcineurin and oncogenic transcription factor NFAT. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway has been previously shown to play a key role in tumour development in DIPG while deregulated calcium signalling has been reported in adult brain tumours. Our results suggest that the Calcium Signalling pathway is a previously unrecognised targetable network in DIPG. Furthermore combination with oncogogenic PI3K/AKT/mTOR represents a potentially novel, potent combination therapy for this devastating paediatric brainstem tumour.
Abstract 225: HSF-1 Knockout Induces Multidrug Resistance Gene (MDR1b) and Enhances Drug Extrusion in the Heart
Authors: Karthikeyan Krishnamurthy, Kaushik Vedam, Ragu Kanagasabai, Lawrence J Druhan, Govindasamy Ilangovan
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1), a transcription factor of heat shock proteins, is known to interfere with the transcriptional activity of many oncogenic and anti-inflammatory factors. In the present work we have discovered that HSF-1 ablation induced multidrug resistance gene (MDR1b) in the heart and increased the expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1), an ATP binding cassette that is usually associated with multidrug resistant cancer cells, and it could successfully extrude doxorubicin (Dox) to alleviate Dox-induced heart failure and reduce mortality in mice. Cardiac MRI showed that Dox-induced left ventricular dysfunction was significantly reduced in HSF-1 -/- mice. NF-B nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity were higher in Dox-treated HSF-1 -/- mice. IB, the NF-B inhibitor, was depleted due to enhanced IKK-α activity. In parallel, MDR1b gene expression and a large increase in P-gp, and lowering Dox loading were observed in HSF-1 -/- mouse hearts. However, application of the P-gp antagonist, Verapamil, increased Dox loading in HSF-1 -/- cardiomyocytes, deteriorated cardiac function in HSF-1 -/- mice, and decreased survival. MDR1 promoter activity (as determined by luciferase reporter gene assay), was higher in HSF-1 -/- cardiomyocytes, whereas a mutant MDR1 promoter with heat shock elements (HSE) mutation showed increased activity only in HSF-1 +/+ cardiomyocytes. However, deletion of both HSE and NF- κB binding motifs diminished the luciferase luminescence, suggesting that HSF-1 competitively inhibits MDR1 promoter activity. Thus, since high levels of HSF-1 is attributed to poor prognosis of cancer, systemic down regulation of HSF-1 before chemotherapy is a potential therapeutic approach to ameliorate the chemotherapeutics-induced cardiotoxicity and enhance cancer prognosis.
The L utonix ® drug-coated balloon: A novel drug delivery technology for the treatment of vascular disease
Authors: Ian Schorn, Harrison Malinoff, Steven Anderson, Cyal Lecy, Jeffrey Wang, Joseph Giorgianni, George Papandreou
Journal: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews (2017)

Local drug delivery of an anti-proliferative drug from balloon catheter systems to the site of arterial injury has been attempted repeatedly over the years with limited success in drug uptake and retention. Accessibility of the drug at the site is critical to combat the body's response to the procedural trauma of angioplasty. Recently, formulations have been designed which achieve delivery of therapeutic doses of the anti-proliferative drug paclitaxel to arteries with higher efficiency and longer tissue retention. These formulations succeed through formation of a drug reservoir in the artery wall enabling release after the initial angioplasty procedure. These formulations have become the cornerstone of several drug coated balloon (DCB) technologies which have found an initial, broad therapeutic application in the treatment of stenosis of the superficial femoral artery (SFA). DCBs achieve drug delivery while leaving no implant behind and represent a new class of combination products developed at the interface of engineering, chemistry and medical science. This review article summarizes the development of the LUTONIX® drug coated balloon catheter. The introduction of DCB technology has provided clinicians and patients with new SFA treatment options while ongoing clinical evidence in additional vascular beds is generated.
Controlling antibiotic prescribing for lower respiratory tract infections
Authors: Anna Mae Scott, Chris Del Mar
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Prescribing less is safe for patients and better for all of us

We are prescribing antibiotics too often, especially for acute respiratory infections for which we know they make little difference. General practitioners everywhere have heard this message many times, but they struggle to take the necessary remedial action. One influential report from the UK sketches a worrying picture of a “post-antibiotic” world of widespread antibiotic resistance in which more people will die of incurable infections than of cancer. The report predicts that by 2050 incurable infections will be the second biggest killer,1 while currently routine high technology medical interventions (cardiac catheterisation, chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cancer, and major surgery) will become too dangerous without reliable antibiotic cover. The human and economic consequences would be catastrophic.1

Antibiotic prescribing in primary care is in the spotlight for two reasons: it is where the greatest raw tonnage of antibiotics is prescribed to humans (about three quarters of all prescriptions are …
To document false-positive scores on the sport concussion assessment tool (scat3) in high school athletes
Authors: Tracey Covassin, RJ Elbin, Philip Schatz, Erica Beidler, Jessica Wallace
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Objective To document false-positive scores on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool(SCAT3) in high school athletes. Design Pre-Test Only. Setting Six high schools in the Mid-West and Central Region of the USA. Participants The sample was composed of a total of 489 high school athletes who completedall components of the SCAT3: 157 female (Mean age=15.6, SD=1.8 years) and 322 male(Mean age=15.9, SD=1.5 years) adolescent athletes. Intervention The SCAT3 was administered to all athletes. Outcome measures Cases were identified as “false-positive” by surpassing cutoff scores using 95% confidence intervals from the sample on SCAT3 components: Standardised Assessment ofConcussion (SAC: Mean 26.06±2.34, Cutoff&lt;21), total severity of symptoms (Males: Mean:3.24±5.93, Cutoff&gt;15; Females: Mean: 4.16±6.96, cutoff&gt;18), tandem gait (Mean:15.55±4.52, Cutoff&gt;25 sec), and total errors on the modified Balance Error Scoring System(mBESS: Mean: 3.42±2.67, Cutoff&gt;9 errors). Main results Overall, 16% of athletes (n=78) obtained scores falling beyond false-positivecutoffs on at least one sub-component of the SCAT, and only 2% (N=10) obtained two or morescores beyond cutoffs. False-positive rates on individual components were as follows: SAC:5.7% (n=28), mBESS: 5.5% (n=27), tandem gait: 3.9% (n=19), total symptom severity: 4.9% (n=24). Conclusions While rates of false positives fell generally within 95% CIs for individual components of the SCAT, the overall SCAT3 false-positive rate was 16%. Comparisons between post-concussion and baseline SCAT3 data should be based on 2 or more components falling outside 95% CIs. Competing interests Dr. Schatz serves on the ImPACT Scientific Advisory Board
Évaluation des signes en NBI dans les œsophagites à éosinophile et lymphocytaire
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

L’œsophagite à éosinophiles (OE) reste une entité mal connue, dont le diagnostic est histologique et porté sur des biopsies. L’aspect endoscopique est variable (sténoses, exsudats, anneaux…) mais aucun signe n’est spécifique de la maladie. Par ailleurs, l’œsophagite lymphocytaire (OL), de description plus récente, reste très mal connue et il n’existe pas de signe endoscopique consensuel évocateur du diagnostic.
Carnosol, a dietary diterpene, displays growth inhibitory effects leading to G1-phase cell cycle arrest and targets the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in human prostate cancer PC3 cells.
Authors: Jeremy Johnson, Deeba Syed, Vaqar Adhami, Hasan Mukhtar
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA

3813 

Prostate cancer (PCa) will be diagnosed in 218,890 males in the United States in 2007 and unfortunately, there are limited options for the successful management of this disease. Recently, there have been considerable activities directed toward the identification of dietary agents for both chemoprevention and the treatment of PCa. Carnosol, a dietary diterpene found in herbs that include basil, oregano, and sage, has been shown to display potent antioxidant properties. Additionally, traditional Chinese medicine uses rosemary extracts that contain high amounts of diterpenes and triterpenes to treat inflammatory conditions. Here, we evaluated carnosol for its potential anti-cancer properties in the human PCa PC3 cells. Using an MTT assay we found that carnosol (10 - 70 µM) decreases cell viability in a time and dose dependent manner. Next, we determined whether the decrease in cell viability was due to the induction of apoptosis and/or cell cycle arrest. We evaluated the effect of carnosol (20-60 uM) using flow cytometry and found that it induces G1-phase cell cycle arrest with limited proapoptotic effect. Cell cycle and apoptosis related proteins that were found to be modulated with carnosol included cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases, p21, Bax, and Bcl-2. To establish a more precise mechanism, we performed a protein array that evaluated 639 proteins involved in cell signaling pathways. A target of interest was identified as 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a serine/threonine protein kinase involved in the regulation of energy balance of a cell. Significant upregulation of AMPK over a 48 hour period in PC3 cells treated with carnosol (40 µM) was observed. The role of AMPK has been studied in cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders and shown to regulate fatty acid synthase and HMG-CoA reductase. It has been suggested that AMPK has an important role in carcinogenesis and should be considered as a novel target for anti-cancer drugs. We found that carnosol induces the upregulation of AMPK-β regulatory subunit having downstream effects consistent with cancer inhibition. As a result we are evaluating the role of carnosol in upregulating AMPK to modulate and interact with pathways directly or indirectly that include PTEN/PI3K/AKT and TSC2/mTOR/HSP70S6k1. Carnosol may be a novel dietary diterpene for the management of PCa.