tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fat‐free muscle mass in magnetic resonance imaging predicts acute‐on‐chronic liver failure and survival in decompensated cirrhosis
Authors: Michael Praktiknjo, Marius Book, Julian Luetkens, Alessandra Pohlmann, Carsten Meyer, Daniel Thomas, Christian Jansen, Andreas Feist, Johannes Chang, Jochen Grimm, Jennifer Lehmann, Christian P. Strassburg, Juan Gonzalez Abraldes, Guido Kukuk, Jonel Trebicka
Journal: Hepatology (2017)

Muscle mass seems to be a prognostic marker in patients with liver cirrhosis. However, reported methods to quantify muscle mass are heterogeneous, consented cutoff values are missing, and most studies have used computed tomography. This study evaluated fat-free muscle area (FFMA) as a marker of sarcopenia using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with decompensated cirrhosis with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). The total erector spinae muscle area and the intramuscular fat tissue area were measured and subtracted to calculate the FFMA in 116 patients with cirrhosis by TIPS and MRI. The training cohort of 71 patients compared computed tomography-measured transversal psoas muscle thickness with FFMA. In 15 patients MRI was performed before and after TIPS, and in 12 patients follistatin serum measurements were carried out. The results on FFMA were confirmed in a validation cohort of 45 patients. FFMA correlated with follistatin and transversal psoas muscle thickness and showed slightly better association with survival than transversal psoas muscle thickness. Gender-specific cutoff values for FFMA were determined for sarcopenia. Decompensation (ascites, overt hepatic encephalopathy) persisted after TIPS in the sarcopenia group but resolved in the nonsarcopenia group. Sarcopenic patients showed no clinical improvement after TIPS as well as higher mortality, mainly due to development of acute-on-chronic liver failure. FFMA was an independent predictor of survival in these patients.This study offers an easy-to-apply MRI-based measurement of fat-free muscle mass as a marker of sarcopenia in decompensated patients; while TIPS might improve sarcopenia and thereby survival, persistence of sarcopenia after TIPS is associated with a reduced response to TIPS and a higher risk of acute-on-chronic liver failure development and mortality. (Hepatology 2018;67:1014-1026).
Abstract 19389: Hematopoietic mir-21 Deficiency Promotes Apoptosis and Plaque Necrosis in Advanced Atherosclerotic Lesions
Authors: Alberto Canfrán-Duque, Noemi Rotllan, Elisa Araldi, Xinbo Zhang, Lidia Daimiel, Carlos Fernández-Hernando, Yajaira Suárez
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Objective:  To address the role of miR-21 during the progression of atherosclerosis.   Introduction:  Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short non-coding RNAs known to be involved in many different biological processes, including vascular physiology, lipid metabolism and inflammation. Specifically, our group has made important contributions to this field, showing a key role for several miRNAs during the progression of atherosclerosis and lipoprotein metabolism. In the present work, we studied the role of miR-21 in the development of atherosclerosis. miR-21 is the most abundant miRNA in macrophages and its expression has been associated with the resolution of inflammation and the negative regulation of pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages. These observations strongly suggest that macrophage miR-21 expression may influence atherogenesis.   Methods and results:  To assess the role of miR-21 in macrophages during the progression of atherosclerosis, 8 week-old  Ldlr  -/-  mice were transplanted with bone marrow from wild-type or miR-21 -/-  mice and fed a Western diet for 12 weeks. Analysis of atherosclerotic plaques revealed that  Ldlr  -/-  mice transplanted with miR-21 -/-  bone marrow developed more advanced plaques compared  to Ldlr  -  /-  mice transplanted with wild-type bone marrow. Specifically, we observed that mice transplanted with miR-21 -/-  bone marrow cells developed significantly larger lesions, with more apoptotic cells and more necrotic area, and the lesions exhibited less fibrous cap thickness. Macrophage apoptosis and defective phagocytic clearance of dead cells (efferocytosis) promotes plaque necrosis and inflammation. In our  in vitro  studies we found that lack of miR-21 enhanced ER stress-induced macrophage apoptosis and impaired the process of efferocytosis.   Conclusions:  Taken together, our results demonstrate that miR-21 plays a key role in the progression of atherosclerosis by influencing ER-stress-induced apoptosis and advanced lesion macrophage apoptosis.   Key Words:  miR-21, macrophages, atherosclerosis.
TAK -ing aim at chemoresistance: The emerging role of MAP3K7 as a target for cancer therapy
Authors: Raffaela Santoro, Carmine Carbone, Geny Piro, Paul J. Chiao, Davide Melisi
Journal: Drug Resistance Updates (2017)

Cellular drug resistance remains the main obstacle to the clinical efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. Alterations in key pathways regulating cell cycle checkpoints, apoptosis and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), such as the Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, appear to be closely associated to cancer chemoresistance. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)- activated kinase 1 (TAK1, also known as MAP3K7) is a serine/threonine kinase in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP3K) family. It represents the cellular hub to which IL1, TGF-β and Wnt signaling pathways converge. By regulating the phosphorylation status and activities of transcription factors including Activated Protein-1 (AP-1) and nuclear factor κ-B (NF-κB), TAK1 mediates inflammatory and pro-survival responses. The interest towards the therapeutic targeting of TAK1 is due to its identification as one of the main mediators of both chemoresistance and EMT in several types of tumors, and as the possible target for a subset of treatment-refractory colon cancers exhibiting mutated KRAS or activated WNT pathways. For these reasons, many efforts have been made to design inhibitors of TAK1 kinase activity, which could be used to reverse TAK1-mediated chemoresistance. The activity of these inhibitors, in combination with the most commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs, has been tested in preclinical studies, proving the efficacy of TAK1 inhibition in reducing tumor growth and survival following chemotherapy administration. In the first part of this review, we describe the mechanisms underlying TAK1 regulation such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination and targeting by microRNAs. We then focus on the development of therapeutic small molecule inhibitors of TAK1 kinase activity, as well as preclinical studies supporting the role of TAK1 as a potential target for enhancing the response of tumors to anticancer therapies.
TCT-841 Integrative Pharmacometabonomics-Pharmacogenetics approach to predict clopidogrel response in Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) patients undergoing Interventional Angiographic Procedure (IAP)
Authors: Arwa M. Amin Mostafa, Lim Sheau Chin, Dzul Azri Mohamed Noor, Hamza Mohamed Amin Mostafa, Muhamad Ali SK Abdul Kader, Yuen Kah Hay, Baharudin Ibrahim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Research gaps in the management and prevention of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in organ transplant recipients
Authors: M. Blomberg, S.Y. He, C. Harwood, S.T. Arron, S. Demehri, A. Green, M.M. Asgari
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2017)

Although tremendous progress has been made in recent years in skin cancer care for organ transplant recipients, significant gaps remain in data‐driven clinical guidelines, particularly for the treatment and prevention of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), the most common malignancy among this population. In this review, we aim to summarize current knowledge around the management of cSCC and highlight the most significant gaps in knowledge that continue to pose challenges in the delivery of skin cancer care for organ transplant recipients. We suggest future directions for research that will bridge existing gaps and establish evidence‐driven guidelines for primary prevention, screening and treatment of cSCC in this high‐risk patient population.
Andamento recente della Chlamydia trachomatis nel Regno Unito e potenzialità di uno screening nazionale
Authors: Jeanne Pimenta, K. A. Fenton
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2001)

Nel Regno Unito e stato condotto uno studio pilota per valutare la fattibilita di un programma nazionale di screening delle infezioni genitali da chlamydia. I risultati preliminari mostrano un alto tasso di accettazione (70% dei candidati) e una copertura significativa della popolazione bersaglio (40% per un periodo di sei mesi). Sono in corso diversi altri studi per specificare i processi di screening e le strategie di notifica del partner piu appropriate, cosi come la costo-efficacia di un programma nazionale.
Pesticides and Human Reproduction
Authors: Philip J. Landrigan
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
La syphilis au Danemark – une épidémie chez les HSH à Copenhague, 2003-2004
Authors: S A Cowan
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2004)

Le Danemark connait actuellement une epidemie de syphilis qui a debute en 2003 et continue en 2004. Les donnees du systeme de surveillance national montrent que la plupart des cas concernent des hommes qui ont des relations sexuelles avec d’autres hommes (HSH) et qu’une grande proportion de ces patients sont egalement positifs pour le VIH. La proportion de co-infections par le VIH chez les HSH declares pour une syphilis pendant l’epidemie n’a cependant pas varie de facon significative par rapport aux annees precedentes. La majorite des cas ont ete notifies dans la ville de Copenhague et 70% d’entre eux ont ete contamines dans le pays. L’epidemie ne semble pas avoir touche le groupe d’âge des moins de 20 ans. On peut supposer que la plupart des HSH presentant a la fois une syphilis et une infection a VIH etaient deja contamines par le VIH au moment de leur contamination par la syphilis.
Épidémie de gastro-entérite aiguë dans un pensionnat en Autriche, septembre 2006
Authors: D Schmid, E Gschiel, M Mann, S Huhulescu, W Ruppitsch, G Bohm, J Pichler, I Lederer, G Höger, S Heuberger, F Allerberger
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2007)

Une epidemie de gastro-enterite aigue a eu lieu en septembre 2006 dans un pensionnat a l’est de l’Autriche. Sur 113 cas, 101 ont ete hospitalises. Afin d’identifier la source de l’epidemie, une etude de cohorte retrospective a ete menee sur le groupe a risque, comprenant 222 eleves et 30 employes. L’exposition alimentaire a la cantine de l’ecole a ete identifiee comme le lien le plus pertinent entre les cas lors de l’enquete sur la serie de cas.
BASIC (BLI Adenoma Serrated International Classification) classification for colorectal polyp characterization with blue light imaging
Authors: Raf Bisschops, Cesare Hassan, Pradeep Bhandari, Emmanuel Coron, Helmut Neumann, Oliver Pech, Loredana Correale, Alessandro Repici
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

Advanced endoscopic imaging has revolutionized the characterization of lesions during colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to create a new classification for differentiating subcentimetric hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps, and deeply invasive malignant lesions using blue-light imaging (BLI) with high definition, with and without optical magnification, as well as to assess its interobserver concordance.A video library consisting of 48 videos/still images (with/without optical magnification) from 24 histologically verified polyps/cancer with BLI was prospectively created. In the first step, seven endoscopists with experience in electronic chromoendoscopy reviewed 12 BLI videos/still images with/without magnification representative of the different histotypes, and individually identified possible descriptors. In the second step, these descriptors were categorized and summarized with a modified Delphi methodology. In the third step, the seven endoscopists independently reviewed the remaining 36 videos/still images with/without optical magnification, and the interobserver agreement for the new descriptors was assessed. The interobserver agreement between endoscopists was assessed using Gwet's AC1.By reviewing the initial 12 videos/still images, 43 descriptors were proposed. By a modified Delphi process, the endoscopists eventually agreed on summarizing 12 descriptors into three main domains. The main domains identified were: polyp surface (mucus, yes/no; regular/irregular; [pseudo]depressed, yes/no), pit appearance (featureless, yes/no; round/nonround with/without dark spots; homogeneous/heterogeneous distribution with/without focal loss), and vessels (present/absent, lacy, pericryptal, irregular). Interobserver agreement for the polyp surface domain appeared to be almost perfect for mucus (AC1 0.92 with and 0.88 without optical magnification), substantial for the regular/irregular surface (AC1 0.67 with and 0.66 without optical magnification). For the pit appearance domain, interobserver agreement was good for featureless (AC1 0.9 with and 0.8 without optical magnification), and round/nonround (AC1 0.77 with and 0.69 without optical magnification) descriptors, but less consistent for the homogeneity of distribution (AC1 with/without optical magnification 0.58). Agreement was almost perfect for the vessel domain (AC1 0.81 - 0.85).The new BASIC classification takes into account both morphological features of the polyp, as well as crypt and vessel characteristics. A high concordance among the observers was shown for most of the summarized descriptors. Optical magnification had a beneficial effect in terms of interobserver agreement for most of the descriptors.
Functional Role of a Novel Long Noncoding RNA <i>TTN-AS1</i> in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression and Metastasis
Authors: Chenyu Lin, Shengnan Zhang, Ying Wang, Yuanshu Wang, Edouard Nice, Changying Guo, Erhao Zhang, Liting Yu, Mengwei Li, Chen Liu, Lirong Hu, Jingchao Hao, Weiyan Qi, Hanmei Xu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Purpose: Emerging studies demonstrate that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) participate in the regulation of various cancers. In the current study, a novel lncRNA-TTN-AS1 has been identified and explored in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Experimental Design: To discover a new regulatory circuitry in which RNAs crosstalk with each other, the transcriptome of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA from ESCC and adjacent nonmalignant specimens were analyzed using multiple microarrays and diverse bioinformatics platforms. The functional role and mechanism of a novel lncRNA-TTN-AS1 were further investigated by gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays in vivo and in vitro. An ESCC biomarker panel, consisting of lncRNA-TTN-AS1, miR-133b, and FSCN1, was validated by qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization using samples from 148 patients. Results: lncRNA-TTN-AS1 as an oncogene is highly expressed in ESCC tissues and cell lines, and promotes ESCC cell proliferation and metastasis. Mechanistically, lncRNA-TTN-AS1 promotes expression of transcription factor Snail1 by competitively binding miR-133b, resulting in the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) cascade. Moreover, lncRNA-TTN-AS1 also induces FSCN1 expression by sponging miR-133b and upregulation of mRNA-stabilizing protein HuR, which further promotes ESCC invasion cascades. We also discovered and validated a clinically applicable ESCC biomarker panel, consisting of lncRNA-TTN-AS1, miR-133b, and FSCN1, that is significantly associated with overall survival and provides additional prognostic evidence for ESCC patients. Conclusions: As a novel regulator, lncRNA-TTN-AS1 plays an important role in ESCC cell proliferation and metastasis. The lncRNA-TTN-AS1/miR133b/FSCN1 regulatory axis provides bona fide targets for anti-ESCC therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 24(2); 486–98. ©2017 AACR.
Early Identification of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Using Novel Biomarkers by Proteomic Screening
Authors: Kai Förster, Steffen Sass, Harald Ehrhardt, Daphne S. Mous, Robbert J. Rottier, Prajakta Oak, Andreas Schulze, Andreas W. Flemmer, Judith Gronbach, Christoph Hübener, Tushar Desai, Oliver Eickelberg, Fabian J. Theis, Anne Hilgendorff
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2017)
Cardiac Effects of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Perinatally HIV-Infected Children
Authors: Steven E. Lipshultz, James D. Wilkinson, Bruce Thompson, Irene Cheng, David A. Briston, William T. Shearer, E. John Orav, Joslyn A. Westphal, Tracie L. Miller, Steven D. Colan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Association of Prehospital Blood Product Transfusion During Medical Evacuation of Combat Casualties in Afghanistan With Acute and 30-Day Survival
Authors: Stacy A. Shackelford, Deborah J. del Junco, Nicole Powell-Dunford, Edward L. Mazuchowski, Jeffrey T. Howard, Russ S. Kotwal, Jennifer Gurney, Frank K. Butler, Kirby Gross, Zsolt T. Stockinger
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Prehospital blood product transfusion in trauma care remains controversial due to poor-quality evidence and cost. Sequential expansion of blood transfusion capability after 2012 to deployed military medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) units enabled a concurrent cohort study to focus on the timing as well as the location of the initial transfusion.
Abstract 13220: Distinct Disease Mechanisms Drive Pediatric and Adult Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Meghna D Patel, Caralin Schneider, Geetika Bajpai, Jayham Mohan, Charles Canter, Jeffrey Towbin, Kory Lavine
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: Numerous clinical studies have suggested that adult heart failure (HF) therapies are less effective in children with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The mechanistic basis for this phenomenon is poorly defined. Collectively, adult HF therapeutics target a process termed adverse remodeling, a common pathway by which the adult heart responds to injury. We hypothesized that pediatric and adult DCM comprise distinct pathological entities in that children do not undergo adverse remodeling. Methods: LV specimens were obtained from donor pediatric and adult controls (24), pediatric DCM (31) and adult DCM patients (33). Pathological evidence of adverse remodeling including myocardial fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and gene expression was examined using immunostaining, electron microscopy and RNA sequencing. Results: Consistent with the established pathophysiology of adult HF, adults with DCM displayed marked increases in myocardial fibrosis compared to donor controls (both p&lt;0.01)(Figure). In contrast, pediatric DCM had minimal evidence of fibrosis compared to both aged-matched controls and adults with DCM. Examination of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and capillary density demonstrated less extensive cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and capillary rarefaction in pediatric compared to adult DCM patients. Electron microscopy revealed similar sarcomere thickness and length between control and pediatric DCM specimens. RNA sequencing demonstrated that genes associated with adverse remodeling were not up-regulated in pediatric DCM specimens. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that children with DCM display minimal evidence of adverse remodeling; suggesting pediatric and adult DCM may represent different pathological entities. Collectively, these data provide a mechanistic basis to understand why adult HF therapeutics may not work in children, and suggest the possibility that distinct therapies may be needed for pediatric DCM.
Botulismo na União Europeia
Authors: H Therre
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1999)

A toxina botulinica foi descrita pela primeira vez no final do seculo dezoito, como uma potente neurotoxina. Actualmente, estao descritos tres sindromas principais de botulismo, distintos do ponto de vista clinico e epidemiologico - botulismo com origem alimentar, que resulta da ingestao de alimentos contaminados com a toxina previamente formada; botulismo infantil, devido a formacao endogena da toxina a apos a germinacao dos esporos de Clostridium botulinum no intestino das criancas; e botulismo de feridas, provocado por organismos que se multiplicam e produzem a toxina em feridas contaminadas com terra. Encontram-se descritos sete tipos de C. botulinum (A a G), os quais se distinguem pelas caracteristicas antigenicas da toxina que produzem. Os tipos A, B, E e, raramente, o F provocam doenca em humanos (1).