tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Participation and yield of a population-based colorectal cancer screening programme in China
Authors: Hongda Chen, Ni Li, Jiansong Ren, Xiaoshuang Feng, Zhangyan Lyu, Luopei Wei, Xin Li, Lanwei Guo, Zhaoxu Zheng, Shuangmei Zou, Yueming Zhang, Jiang Li, Kai Zhang, Wanqing Chen, Min Dai, Jie He
Journal: Gut (2018)

Objective Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening has been widely implemented in many countries. However, evidence on participation and diagnostic yield of population-based CRC screening in China is sparse. Design The analyses were conducted in the context of the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China, which recruited 1 381 561 eligible participants aged 40–69 years from 16 provinces in China from 2012 to 2015. 182 927 participants were evaluated to be high risk for CRC by an established risk score system and were subsequently recommended for colonoscopy. Participation rates and detection of colorectal neoplasms in this programme were reported and their associated factors were explored. Results 25 593 participants undertook colonoscopy as recommended, with participation rate of 14.0%. High level of education, history of faecal occult blood test, family history of CRC and history of colonic polyp were found to be associated with the participation in colonoscopy screening. Overall, 65 CRC (0.25%), 785 advanced adenomas (3.07%), 2091 non-advanced adenomas (8.17%) and 1107 hyperplastic polyps (4.33%) were detected. Detection rates of colorectal neoplasms increased with age and were higher for men. More advanced neoplasms were diagnosed in the distal colon/rectum (65.2%). Several factors including age, sex, family history of CRC, dietary intake of processed meat and smoking were identified to be associated with the presence of colorectal neoplasms. Conclusion The diagnostic yield was not optimal using colonoscopy screening in high-risk populations given the relatively low participation rate. Our findings will provide important references for designing effective population-based CRC screening strategies in the future.
Lifestyle Modifications for Preventing and Treating Heart Failure
Authors: Monica Aggarwal, Biykem Bozkurt, Gurusher Panjrath, Brooke Aggarwal, Robert J. Ostfeld, Neal D. Barnard, Hanna Gaggin, Andrew M. Freeman, Kathleen Allen, Shivank Madan, Daniele Massera, Sheldon E. Litwin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
THU-279-The prognostic stratification using acute-on-chronic liver failure scoring systems for predicting short-term mortality in patients with alcoholic hepatitis
Authors: Do Seon Song, Dong Joon Kim, Ji-Dong Jia, Ashok Choudhury, Mamun Al-Mahtab, Harshad Devarbhavi, Zhongping Duan, Yu Chen, CE Eapen, Ashish Goel, Qin Ning, Ke Ma, Yogesh Chawla, Radha Krishan Dhiman, Ajay Duseja, Sunil Taneja, Saeed Sadiq Hamid, Amna Subhan, Wasim Jafri, Soek-Siam Tan, Hasmik Ghazinian, Deepak Amarapurkar, Sombat Treeprasertsuk, Guan Huei Lee, Seng Gee Lim, Jinhua Hu Hu, Laurentius A. Lesmana, Rinaldi Lesmana, Akash Shukla, Samir Shah, Chetan Kalal, Manoj Sahoo, Zaigham Abbas, None Joyess, Gian Carpio, Md. Fazal Karim, George Lau, Nagaraja Rao Padaki, Diana Payawal, A. Kadir Dokmeci, Man-Fung Yuen, V GM, Osamu Yokosuka, Ananta Shrestha, Priyanka Jain, Irene Paulson, Shiv Kumar Sarin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
Psychosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Results From an International Inception Cohort Study
Authors: John G. Hanly, Qiuju Li, Li Su, Murray B. Urowitz, Caroline Gordon, Sang‐Cheol Bae, Juanita Romero‐Diaz, Jorge Sanchez‐Guerrero, Sasha Bernatsky, Ann E. Clarke, Daniel J. Wallace, David A. Isenberg, Anisur Rahman, Joan T. Merrill, Paul R. Fortin, Dafna D. Gladman, Ian N. Bruce, Michelle Petri, Ellen M. Ginzler, M. A. Dooley, Kristjan Steinsson, Rosalind Ramsey‐Goldman, Asad A. Zoma, Susan Manzi, Ola Nived, Andreas Jonsen, Munther A. Khamashta, Graciela S. Alarcón, Ronald F. van Vollenhoven, Cynthia Aranow, Meggan Mackay, Guillermo Ruiz‐Irastorza, Manuel Ramos‐Casals, S. Sam Lim, Murat Inanc, Kenneth C. Kalunian, Soren Jacobsen, Christine A. Peschken, Diane L. Kamen, Anca Askanase, Chris Theriault, Vernon Farewell
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2018)

To determine, in a large, multiethnic/multiracial, prospective inception cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the frequency, attribution, clinical, and autoantibody associations with lupus psychosis and the short- and long-term outcomes as assessed by physicians and patients.Patients were evaluated annually for 19 neuropsychiatric (NP) events including psychosis. Scores on the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000, the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index, and the Short Form 36 (SF-36) were recorded. Time to event and linear regressions were used as appropriate.Of 1,826 SLE patients, 88.8% were female and 48.8% were Caucasian. The mean ± SD age was 35.1 ± 13.3 years, the mean ± SD disease duration was 5.6 ± 4.2 months, and the mean ± SD follow-up period was 7.4 ± 4.5 years. There were 31 psychotic events in 28 of 1,826 patients (1.53%), and most patients had a single event (26 of 28 [93%]). In the majority of patients (20 of 25 [80%]) and events (28 of 31 [90%]), psychosis was attributed to SLE, usually either in the year prior to or within 3 years of SLE diagnosis. Positive associations (hazard ratios [HRs] and 95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]) with lupus psychosis were previous SLE NP events (HR 3.59 [95% CI 1.16-11.14]), male sex (HR 3.0 [95% CI 1.20-7.50]), younger age at SLE diagnosis (per 10 years) (HR 1.45 [95% CI 1.01-2.07]), and African ancestry (HR 4.59 [95% CI 1.79-11.76]). By physician assessment, most psychotic events resolved by the second annual visit following onset, in parallel with an improvement in patient-reported SF-36 summary and subscale scores.Psychosis is an infrequent manifestation of NPSLE. Generally, it occurs early after SLE onset and has a significant negative impact on health status. As determined by patient and physician report, the short- and long-term outlooks are good for most patients, although careful follow-up is required.
Analysis of Sequential Patient Samples from the Mmrf Commpass Study Identifies a High Risk Progression Phenotype
Authors: Sheri Skerget, Daniel Penaherrera, Jessica Aldrich, Sara Nasser, Austin Christofferson, Christophe Legendre, Martin Boateng, Lori Cuyugan, Jonathan Adkins, Erica Tassone, Jennifer Yesil, Daniel Auclair, Winnie Liang, Sagar Lonial, Jonathan J Keats
Journal: Blood (2018)
&lt;TITLE&gt;Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children&lt;/TITLE&gt;
Authors: Hanna Xu, Michael C Verre
Journal: JAMA (2001)

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents has increased worldwide over the past three decades. This increase has coincided with the obesity epidemic, and minority groups are disproportionately affected. The American Diabetes Association recommends screening for type 2 diabetes beginning at 10 years of age or the onset of puberty in children who are overweight or obese and have two additional risk factors. Diagnostic criteria include a fasting blood glucose level of 126 mg per dL or greater, a two-hour plasma glucose level of 200 mg per dL or greater during an oral glucose tolerance test, an A1C level of 6.5% or more, or a random plasma glucose level of 200 mg per dL or greater plus symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, or unintentional weight loss. Management should be focused on a multidisciplinary, family-centered approach. Nutrition and exercise counseling should be started at the time of diagnosis and as a part of ongoing management. Metformin is the first-line therapy in conjunction with lifestyle changes. Insulin therapy should be initiated if there are signs of ketosis or ketoacidosis, or if the patient has significant hyperglycemia (A1C greater than 9% or a random plasma glucose level of 250 mg per dL or greater).
Changes in Biological Pathways During 6,000 Years of Civilization in Europe
Authors: Evgeny Chekalin, Alexandr Rubanovich, Tatiana V Tatarinova, Artem Kasianov, Nicole Bender, Marina Chekalina, Kaspar Staub, Nikola Koepke, Frank Rühli, Sergey Bruskin, Irina Morozova
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2018)

The beginning of civilization was a turning point in human evolution. With increasing separation from the natural environment, mankind stimulated new adaptive reactions in response to new environmental factors. In this paper, we describe direct signs of these reactions in the European population during the past 6,000 years. By comparing whole-genome data between Late Neolithic/Bronze Age individuals and modern Europeans, we revealed biological pathways that are significantly differently enriched in nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in these two groups and which therefore could be shaped by cultural practices during the past six millennia. They include metabolic transformations, immune response, signal transduction, physical activity, sensory perception, reproduction, and cognitive functions. We demonstrated that these processes were influenced by different types of natural selection. We believe that our study opens new perspectives for more detailed investigations about when and how civilization has been modifying human genomes.
The vermiform appendix impacts the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Bryan A. Killinger, Zachary Madaj, Jacek W. Sikora, Nolwen Rey, Alec J. Haas, Yamini Vepa, Daniel Lindqvist, Honglei Chen, Paul M. Thomas, Patrik Brundin, Lena Brundin, Viviane Labrie
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2018)

The human appendix is a reservoir for α-synuclein aggregates and its removal may reduce the risk of Parkinson’s disease.
Removing the assumption that being trans equates to mental ill health
Authors: Susan M Benbow, Paul Kingston
Journal: BMJ (2018)

We recently conducted a service improvement project commissioned by Age UK Cheshire and reported on transgender health from the literature, service providers, and trans people. The BMJ ’s article refers to “gender dysphoria,”1 a term used in DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition). The 2016 version of ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision) uses code …
Abstract 15617: In-Stent Restenosis:Identification of a New Marker by Thrombelastography
Authors: Kevin P Bliden, Martin G Gesheff, Christopher J Franzese, Shachi Pandya, Peter P Toth, Udaya S Tantry, Paul A Gurbel
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: In-stent restenosis (ISR) is a limitation of coronary stenting with frequencies dependent on stent type (3-11%). ISR risk is largely associated with clinical and angiographic variables. The simultaneous assessment of biomarkers linked to thrombosis, inflammation, and lipid status to identify patients at high risk for ISR has never been reported. Methods: Clinical, lifestyle, angiographic, and biomarker measures were determined in 170 patients (pts) with a history of successful coronary stenting scheduled for elective angiography for suspicion of stent restenosis. Thromboelastography, conventional platelet aggregation (PA), detailed lipid profiling, urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2, and AtherOx were determined immediately prior to catheterization. Restenosis was defined as >50% luminal diameter obstruction. Results: Sixty-nine pts (41%) had ISR and among those, forty pts (58%) had multiple ISRs. Pts with ISR were more frequently female (38% vs. 22%, p=0.04), had significantly higher thrombin-in...
Abstract 12649: Cardiovascular Exercise Reduces Anxiety Symptoms in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Munziba Khan, Megan Smith, Vicki Freedenberg, Nancy Klein, Anitha S John
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients (pts) have high rates of untreated depression and anxiety disorders. We evaluated the association between self-reported depression and anx...
Microglial TLR4-dependent autophagy induces ischemic white matter damage<i> via</i> STAT1/6 pathway
Authors: Chuan Qin, Qian Liu, Zi-Wei Hu, Luo-Qi Zhou, Ke Shang, Dale B. Bosco, Long-Jun Wu, Dai-Shi Tian, Wei Wang
Journal: Theranostics (2018)

Rationale: Ischemic white matter damage frequently results in myelin loss, accompanied with microglial activation.We previously found that directing microglia towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype provided a beneficial microenvironment and helped maintain white matter integrity during chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.However, the molecular mechanisms underlying microglial polarization remain elusive.Methods: Hypoperfusion induced white matter damage mice model and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced primary cultured microglia were established.Autophagy activation in microglia was detected both in vivo and in vitro by immunofluorescence, Western blot and electron microscopy.Autophagy inhibitors/agonist were administrated to investigate the role of autophagic process in modulating microglial phenotypes.Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were carried out to investigate the possible pathway.Results: We identified rapid accumulation of autophagosomes in primary cultured microglia exposed to LPS and within activated microglia during white matter ischemic damage.Autophagy inhibitors switched microglial function from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotype.Furthermore, we found TLR4, one of the major receptors binding LPS, was most highly expressed on microglia in corpus callosum during white matter ischemic damage, and TLR4 deficiency could mimic the phenomenon in microglial functional transformation, and exhibit a protective activity in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.Whereas, the anti-inflammatory phenotype of microglia in TLR4 deficiency group was largely abolished by the activation of autophagic process.Finally, our transcriptional analysis confirmed that the up-regulation of STAT1 and down-regulation of STAT6 in microglia exposure to LPS could be reversed by autophagy inhibition.Conclusion: These results indicated that TLR4-dependent autophagy regulates microglial polarization and induces ischemic white matter damage via STAT1/6 pathway.
Abstract 15365: Real World Treatment Patterns of US Patients With Worsening Chronic Heart Failure: Evidence From Linked PINNACLE Registry and Claims Data
Authors: Javed Butler, Eileen Fonseca, Mei Yang, Massimiliano A Manzi, Mahesh J Patel, Gregory P Hess, Thomas Rhodes, Michael M Givertz
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Over 10% of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) develop worsening chronic HF (WCHF). No therapy is indicated for WCHF patients. This study informs on th...
FDG PET for Evaluation of Bone Marrow Status in T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Youngil Koh, Jung Min Lee, Go-Un Woo, Jin Chul Paeng, Jeonghwan Youk, Sung-Soo Yoon, Inho Kim, Keon Wook Kang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

In T-cell lymphoma, the role of FDG PET for bone marrow (BM) evaluation is not established yet. We investigated diagnostic performance and prognostic implication of FDG PET for BM evaluation in peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) and extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL).Patients with PTCL or NKTCL, who underwent initial staging with FDG PET and BM biopsy, were retrospectively enrolled and analyzed. PET BM finding was evaluated using visual analysis and a quantitative index (marrow-to-liver ratio [MLR]). Diagnostic performance of PET for BM involvement was assessed with biopsy as the gold standard. Prognostic value of PET findings was also assessed regarding progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).A total of 109 (63 PTCL and 46 NKTCL) patients were analyzed. Biopsy revealed BM involvement in 35.8% of cases. Sensitivity and specificity of PET for diagnosing positive BM biopsy were 61.5% and 75.7% by visual analysis and 64.1% and 72.9% by MLR. Diagnostic performance of PET was not different across lymphoma types. Survival analysis revealed that MLR and BM biopsy result is significant for both PFS and OS. In multivariate analysis, MLR was an independent prognostic factor for both PFS and OS. Marrow-to-liver ratio was also a significant prognostic factor in BM biopsy-negative patients.Despite fair correlation with BM biopsy result, PET may not replace BM biopsy in PTCL and NKTCL. However, the BM finding on PET is an independent prognostic factor, suggesting additional biological implication of PET findings.
Phase 1 First-in-Human Trial of AMV564, a Bivalent Bispecific (2:2) CD33/CD3 T-Cell Engager, in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Authors: Peter Westervelt, Jorge E. Cortes, Jessica K. Altman, Meixiao Long, Vivian G. Oehler, Ivana Gojo, Jeanmarie Guenot, Patrick Chun, Gail J. Roboz
Journal: Blood (2019)
Long-term adaptations of habitual barefoot locomotion on foot morphology and biomechanics during childhood and adolescence (PhD Academy Award)
Authors: Karsten Hollander
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2018)

I investigated habitual barefoot locomotion on foot morphology and running biomechanics in children and adolescents. After conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarise the current evidence, we determined the reliability of our foot metrical assessments in a paediatric cohort. This was followed by a cross-sectional study investigating habitually barefoot and habitually shod children and adolescents in South Africa and Germany.

Barefoot locomotion has gained a large popular and scientific interest. Proposed benefits include injury prevention, enhanced proprioception, foot muscle strength and running economy, as well as superior running biomechanics.1 The few reports of long-term barefoot locomotion investigated mainly adult populations.

The first study used a systematic review approach with meta-analysis to synthesise studies comparing habitual barefoot and habitual shod populations and their reported consequences on foot morphology and biomechanics, as well as motor performance and …
Small Heterodimer Partner Regulates Circadian Cytochromes p450 and Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Tianpeng Zhang, Fangjun Yu, Lianxia Guo, Min Chen, Xue Yuan, Baojian Wu
Journal: Theranostics (2018)

The role of small heterodimer partner (SHP) in regulation of xenobiotic detoxification remains elusive.Here, we uncover a critical role for SHP in circadian regulation of cytochromes P450 (CYPs) and drug-induced hepatotoxicity.Methods: The mRNA and protein levels of CYPs in the livers of wild-type and SHP -/-mice were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively.Regulation of CYP by SHP was investigated using luciferase reporter, mobility shift, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and/or co-immunoprecipitation assays. Results:The circadian rhythmicities of xenobiotic-detoxifying CYP mRNAs and proteins were disrupted in SHP-deficient mice.Of note, SHP ablation up-regulated Cyp2c38 and Cyp2c39, whereas it down-regulated all other CYP genes.Moreover, SHP regulated the expression of CYP genes through different mechanisms.SHP repressed Lrh-1/Hnf4 to down-regulate Cyp2c38, E4bp4 to up-regulate Cyp2a5, Dec2/HNF1 axis to up-regulate Cyp1a2, Cyp2e1 and Cyp3a11, and Rev-erb to up-regulate Cyp2b10, Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14.Furthermore, SHP ablation sensitized mice to theophylline (or mitoxantrone)-induced toxicity.Higher level of toxicity was correlated with down-regulated metabolism and clearance of theophylline (or mitoxantrone).In contrast, SHP ablation blunted the circadian rhythmicity of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and alleviated the toxicity by down-regulating Cyp2e1-mediated metabolism and reducing formation of the toxic metabolite.Toxicity alleviation by SHP ablation was also observed for aflatoxin B1 due to reduced formation of the toxic epoxide metabolite.Conclusion: SHP participates in circadian regulation of CYP enzymes, thereby impacting xenobiotic metabolism and drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
What Is the Association With Dissociation?
Authors: Shane B. Kappler, Rory J. Spiegel, Michael T. McCurdy
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2018)

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Resolution of Peripheral Neuropathy (PN) in Patients Who Received A+AVD or ABVD in the Phase 3 ECHELON-1 Trial
Authors: John Radford, Joseph M. Connors, Anas Younes, Andrea Gallamini, Stephen M. Ansell, Won Seog Kim, Ajay K. Gopal, Mark S Kaminski, June Won Cheong, Ian W. Flinn, Nagesh Kalakonda, Ruth Pettengell, Monika Dlugosz-Danecka, Gerald Engley, Keenan Fenton, Rachael Liu, Indra Purevjal, Harry Miao, Ashish Gautam, John Kuruvilla
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract P229: Prenatal Development and Obesity: Two Distinct Pathways to Diabetes in Adulthood
Authors: Janne Boone-Heinonen, Rebecca M Sacks, Elizabeth Hooker, Nathan F Dieckmann, Curtis S Harrod, Kent L Thornburg
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Adverse prenatal development, often indicated by low birthweight, is associated with elevated risk of cardiometabolic disease, but the mediating role of obesity is not well understood. Methods: We used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a nationally representative sample of adolescents followed 14 years over 4 waves into adulthood (1994-95, 1995-96, 2001-02, 2008-09; n=14,180). In gender-stratified path analysis, we examined pathways from birth weight [BW (kg); linear (BW) and quadratic (BW 2 )], to latent trajectories in body mass index (BMI) from adolescence to adulthood, to prevalent diabetes or prediabetes (DM; HbA1c, diagnosis, medication) in adulthood (Figure), adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Direct associations between BW and DM (not through BMI) indicated that increasing BW was associated with non-significantly lower likelihood of DM in women [coeff (95% CI): BW: -0.30 (-1.23, 0.63); BW 2 : 0.01 (-0.14, 0.16)] and unrelated to DM in men. We identified distinct, gender-specific indirect pathways from greater BW to higher BMI and DM. In girls, the association between BW and BMI in adolescence was J-shaped, by which girls born lower and higher BW exhibited elevated BMI in adolescence [coeff (95% CI): BW: -2.10 (-3.96, -0.24); BW 2 : 0.44 (0.13, 0.75)]; higher BW predicted marginally faster BMI gain from adolescence to adulthood. Higher adolescent BMI and faster BMI gain was associated with diabetes in women [coeff (95% CI): BMI intercept: 0.09 (0.06, 0.12); BMI slope: 0.12 (0.08, 0.17)]. In boys, BW was not associated with BMI at adolescence or BMI gain thereafter; in turn, adolescent BMI was unrelated to diabetes, while faster BMI gain was associated with higher likelihood of adult DM [coeff (95% CI): 0.29 (0.20, 0.37)]. Conclusions: Findings suggest that in girls, slowing BMI gain prior to adolescence and from adolescence to adulthood is critical for diabetes prevention, yet may not address distinct pathology stemming from early life.