tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
EANO guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of ependymal tumors
Authors: Roberta Rudà, Guido Reifenberger, Didier Frappaz, Stefan M Pfister, Anne Laprie, Thomas Santarius, Patrick Roth, Joerg Christian Tonn, Riccardo Soffietti, Michael Weller, Elizabeth Cohen-Jonathan Moyal
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Ependymal tumors are rare CNS tumors and may occur at any age, but their proportion among primary brain tumors is highest in children and young adults. Thus, the level of evidence of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions is higher in the pediatric compared with the adult patient population.The diagnosis and disease staging is performed by craniospinal MRI. Tumor classification is achieved by histological and molecular diagnostic assessment of tissue specimens according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification 2016. Surgery is the crucial initial treatment in both children and adults. In pediatric patients with intracranial ependymomas of WHO grades II or III, surgery is followed by local radiotherapy regardless of residual tumor volume. In adults, radiotherapy is employed in patients with anaplastic ependymoma WHO grade III, and in case of incomplete resection of WHO grade II ependymoma. Chemotherapy alone is reserved for young children <12 months and for adults with recurrent disease when further surgery and irradiation are no longer feasible. A gross total resection is the mainstay of treatment in spinal ependymomas, and radiotherapy is reserved for incompletely resected tumors. Nine subgroups of ependymal tumors across different anatomical compartments (supratentorial, posterior fossa, spinal) and patient ages have been identified with distinct genetic and epigenetic alterations, and with distinct outcomes. These findings may lead to more precise diagnostic and prognostic assessments, molecular subgroup-adapted therapies, and eventually new recommendations pending validation in prospective studies.
Epidémie d'infections à Salmonella dublin en France, novembre- décembre 1995
Authors: V Vaillant, S Haeghebaert, J C Desenclos, P Bouvet, F Grimont, P. A.D. Grimont, A P Burnens
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1996)

Le 20 decembre 1995, le Reseau National de Sante Publique (RNSP) etait alerte par le Centre National de Reference (CNR) des salmonelles et des shigelles d'une augmentation du nombre des isolements humains de Salmonella dublin en novembre et decembre 1995. Le 11 decembre, le RNSP avait ete informe, via le reseau europeen de surveillance, Salm-Net, d'une epidemie d'infections a S. dublin survenue en Suisse, en novembre Cette epidemie avait ete attribuee a la consommation d'un fromage de vache au lait cru fabrique en France dans le Doubs. La mise en parallele de ces informations suggerait le role possible de ce fromage dans l'epidemie francaise.
Cannabis use in palliative care: The prevalence and clinical characteristics.
Authors: Young Doo Chang, Joshua S. Smith, Ritika Oberoi-Jassal, Vijay Desai, Stephanie L Winn, Diane Portman, Kristine A. Donovan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

245 Background: Cannabis has growing attention in palliative care, been used for some cancer related symptom burden, but limited data in terms of prevalence in palliative care setting and clinical characteristics with using it. Purpose: To identify the prevalence of positive rate of cannabis metabolite on urine drug sample (UDS) and compare clinical characteristics focused on symptoms burden on Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale (ESAS) on the same day of UDS. Methods: We conducted retrospective medical records review of 919 consecutive supportive care clinic patients who were seen at a National Cancer Institute center during a 12-month period between 7/01/2015 to 6/30/2016. Results: 531 out of 919 patients were excluded because UDS was not ordered: either patients were established or had low risk of substance abuse by clinicians’ judgement. 2 patients did not complete ESAS on same day of UDS. 137 patients were excluded because of missing UDS results as well. Finally, 249 out of 919 patients were included for data analysis with their UDS and ESAS at same day of visit. 54 patients were positive for cannabis metabolite (THC: tetrahydrocannabinol) on UDS (22%). We found that positive cannabis group was younger (Mean age 56.1 vs 48.8, p-Value .001), reported higher score of total ESAS (Mean 45.5 vs 38.9, p-value 0.023), pain (Mean 6.13 vs 4.99, p-Value 0.007), and insomnia (6.04 vs 4.44, p-Value 0.001). In addition, positive cannabis group reported poorer overall wellbeing (5.43 vs 4.56, p-Value 0.015) and spiritual wellbeing (6.04 vs 4.44, p Value 0.040) compared to negative cannabis group. Conclusions: The positive results of cannabis on UDS may be a marker of greater symptom burden, in particular, pain, insomnia and poorer overall and spiritual wellbeing as assessed by ESAS patient’s self-reporting.
Oncologists’ experiences with goals of care conversations.
Authors: Cardinale B. Smith, Rachel Solomon, Jenny J. Lin, Shelli Feder, Nina A. Bickell, Dena Schulman-Green
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

50 Background: ASCO guidelines suggest that patients with advanced cancer should have goals of care (GoC) conversations with their oncologists, yet only 37% report having them, often at the end of life. Describing oncologists’ experiences with GoC conversations is a crucial first step in tailoring communication training interventions. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with oncologists at academic, community, municipal, and rural hospitals (n = 4) in New York and Connecticut. We analyzed data using interpretive description. Three coders developed a code key, independently and then jointly coded transcripts, and identified themes. Results: Oncologists (n = 21) were 67% male, averaged 46 years old (range 34-68) and 20 years (range 8-42) in practice, and 59% reported training in GoC. Sixty-nine percent were White, 23% Asian, and 8% Hispanic. Within oncologist narratives we identified generalizable facilitators and detractors to their practice of GoC conversations. Facilitator experiences included formal training in GoC discussions, a practice culture that supported GoC conversations (i.e. presence of specialty level palliative care), interactions with patients who they perceived to have realistic expectations, and good strategies for self-care and coping. One oncologist stated, “I can't cry or die with every patient because then I won't make it through the day.” Detractors included patient failure to understand cancer severity or treatment goals, younger patient age, and being the oncologist sought for second opinion. Oncologists described active patient participation, respect for patient beliefs and values, and achieving agreement on a care plan as elements of successful GoC discussions. An oncologist summarized, “People who are in the healthcare field think that goals of care are an immutable statement, but it’s not.... the way you can make an effective goals of care discussion, is to relate to their reality.” Conclusions: Multiple considerations impact oncologists’ experiences with GoC conversations. Tailoring communication interventions to address these concerns may increase rates of earlier and ongoing GoC conversations. Clinical trial information: NCT02374255.
Treatment patterns and outcomes in “real world” patients (pts) with metastatic urothelial cancer (UC).
Authors: Matt D. Galsky, Simon Chowdhury, Joaquim Bellmunt, Yu-Ning Wong, Federica Recine, Sumanta Kumar Pal, Erin L. Moshier, Sylvain Ladoire, Ugo De Giorgi, Evan Y. Yu, Guenter Niegisch, Simon J. Crabb, Mabel A Mardones, Andrea Necchi, Ali Reza Golshayan, Aristotelis Bamias, Roy Mano, Lauren Christine Harshman, Thomas Powles, Jonathan E. Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

4525 Background: Most studies reporting outcomes of pts with metastatic UC are derived from clinical trial data, potentially limiting the breadth/generalizability of the findings. To explore patterns of care/outcomes in “real world” pts, we initiated an international retrospective cohort study. Methods: Data were collected via an electronic data capture platform from 23 centers. Eligible pts had UC (at least muscle-invasive) and were initially evaluated from 1/1/2006-1/1/2011. Parameters were subjected to regression analysis to identify prognostic variables. Results: By 12/18/12, 1905 pts were enrolled. Among 1077 with metastatic UC, median age was 67 (IQR 60-75), 80% were male, 87% had bladder primary tumors, and 33% received perioperative chemotherapy. Only 758 (70%) received 1st-line chemotherapy for metastatic UC: cisplatin-based (51%), carboplatin-based (29%), non-platinum single-agent (16%), and non-platinum multi-agent (4%). The median survival from date of diagnosis of metastatic UC was 5.2 months (95% CI 4.4-6.5) and 16.1 months (95% CI 15.1-17.5) for pts who did and did not receive 1st-line chemotherapy, respectively [13.9 months (95% CI 12.78-14.98) from start of chemotherapy for latter group]. Among pts receiving 1st-line chemotherapy, univariable analysis revealed gender, primary tumor site, removal of primary, creatinine clearance, LDH, and hgb were not significantly associated with survival whereas smoking status, performance status, perioperative chemotherapy, metastatic sites, study site and chemotherapy regimen were. The multivariable analysis is shown in the Table. Conclusions: The current analysis identifies previously unrecognized prognostic factors in an international cohort of “real world” pts with metastatic UC treated with 1st-line chemotherapy. A large subset of pts with metastatic UC receives no chemotherapy. [Table: see text]
Universal health coverage and intersectoral action for health: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition
Authors: Dean T Jamison, Ala Alwan, Charles N Mock, Rachel Nugent, David Watkins, Olusoji Adeyi, Shuchi Anand, Rifat Atun, Stefano Bertozzi, Zulfiqar Bhutta, Agnes Binagwaho, Robert Black, Mark Blecher, Barry R Bloom, Elizabeth Brouwer, Donald A P Bundy, Dan Chisholm, Alarcos Cieza, Mark Cullen, Kristen Danforth, Nilanthi de Silva, Haile T Debas, Peter Donkor, Tarun Dua, Kenneth A Fleming, Mark Gallivan, Patricia J Garcia, Atul Gawande, Thomas Gaziano, Hellen Gelband, Roger Glass, Amanda Glassman, Glenda Gray, Demissie Habte, King K Holmes, Susan Horton, Guy Hutton, Prabhat Jha, Felicia M Knaul, Olive Kobusingye, Eric L Krakauer, Margaret E Kruk, Peter Lachmann, Ramanan Laxminarayan, Carol Levin, Lai Meng Looi, Nita Madhav, Adel Mahmoud, Jean Claude Mbanya, Anthony Measham, María Elena Medina-Mora, Carol Medlin, Anne Mills, Jody-Anne Mills, Jaime Montoya, Ole Norheim, Zachary Olson, Folashade Omokhodion, Ben Oppenheim, Toby Ord, Vikram Patel, George C Patton, John Peabody, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Jinyuan Qi, Teri Reynolds, Sevket Ruacan, Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan, Jaime Sepúlveda, Richard Skolnik, Kirk R Smith, Marleen Temmerman, Stephen Tollman, Stéphane Verguet, Damian G Walker, Neff Walker, Yangfeng Wu, Kun Zhao
Journal: The Lancet (2017)
Rates and Predictors of Conversion to Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder Following Substance-Induced Psychosis
Authors: Marie Stefanie Kejser Starzer, Merete Nordentoft, Carsten Hjorthøj
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2017)

The authors investigated the rates of conversion to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder after a substance-induced psychosis, as well as risk factors for conversion.All patient information was extracted from the Danish Civil Registration System and the Psychiatric Central Research Register. The study population included all persons who received a diagnosis of substance-induced psychosis between 1994 and 2014 (N=6,788); patients were followed until first occurrence of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder or until death, emigration, or August 2014. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to obtain cumulative probabilities for the conversion from a substance-induced psychosis to schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios for all covariates.Overall, 32.2% (95% CI=29.7-34.9) of patients with a substance-induced psychosis converted to either bipolar or schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The highest conversion rate was found for cannabis-induced psychosis, with 47.4% (95% CI=42.7-52.3) converting to either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Young age was associated with a higher risk of converting to schizophrenia. Self-harm after a substance-induced psychosis was significantly linked to a higher risk of converting to both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Half the cases of conversion to schizophrenia occurred within 3.1 years after a substance-induced psychosis, and half the cases of conversion to bipolar disorder occurred within 4.4 years.Substance-induced psychosis is strongly associated with the development of severe mental illness, and a long follow-up period is needed to identify the majority of cases.
The <i>RARS–MAD1L1</i> Fusion Gene Induces Cancer Stem Cell–like Properties and Therapeutic Resistance in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Qian Zhong, Zhi-Hua Liu, Zhi-Rui Lin, Ze-Dong Hu, Li Yuan, Yan-min Liu, Ai-Jun Zhou, Li-Hua Xu, Li-Juan Hu, Zi-Feng Wang, Xin-Yuan Guan, Jia-Jie Hao, Vivian W.Y. Lui, Ling Guo, Hai-Qiang Mai, Ming-Yuan Chen, Fei Han, Yun-Fei Xia, Jennifer R. Grandis, Xing Zhang, Mu-Sheng Zeng
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Purpose: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common head and neck cancer in Southeast Asia. Because local recurrence and distant metastasis are still the main causes of NPC treatment failure, it is urgent to identify new tumor markers and therapeutic targets for advanced NPC. Experimental Design: RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was applied to look for interchromosome translocation in NPC. PCR, FISH, and immunoprecipitation were used to examine the fusion gene expression at RNA, DNA, and protein levels in NPC biopsies. MTT assay, colony formation assay, sphere formation assay, co-immunoprecipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and in vivo chemoresistance assay were applied to explore the function of RARS-MAD1L1 in NPC. Results: We demonstrated that RARS-MAD1L1 was present in 10.03% (35/349) primary NPC biopsies and 10.7% (9/84) in head and neck cancer (HNC) samples. RARS-MAD1L1 overexpression increased cell proliferation, colony formation, and tumorigenicity in vitro, and the silencing of endogenous RARS-MAD1L1 reduced cancer cell growth and colony formation in vitro. In addition, RARS-MAD1L1 increased the side population (SP) ratio and induced chemo- and radioresistance. Furthermore RARS-MAD1L1 interacted with AIMP2, which resulted in activation of FUBP1/c-Myc pathway. The silencing of FUBP1 or the administration of a c-Myc inhibitor abrogated the cancer stem cell (CSC)-like characteristics induced by RARS-MAD1L1. The expression of c-Myc and ABCG2 was higher in RARS-MAD1L1–positive HNC samples than in negative samples. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that RARS-MAD1L1 might contribute to tumorigenesis, CSC-like properties, and therapeutic resistance, at least in part, through the FUBP1/c-Myc axis, implying that RARS-MAD1L1 might serve as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention for NPC. Clin Cancer Res; 24(3); 659–73. ©2017 AACR.
P2.03b-036 Analysis of Potentially Targetable Mutations in 821 Patients with Squamous cell Lung Cancer Undergoing Routine NGS-Based Molecular Diagnostics
Authors: Sophia Koleczko, Carsten Schäpers, Matthias Scheffler, Michaela Ihle, Anna Kostenko, Sebastian Michels, Rieke Fischer, Lucia Nogova, Monika Serke, Britta Kaminsky, Ulrich Gerigk, Josef Benedikter, Tim Brümmendorf, Joachim Ficker, Wolfgang Kruis, Joachim Lorenz, Clemens Schulte, Susanne Schulze-Olden, Sabine Merkelbach-Bruse, Frank Ueckeroth, Reinhard Büttner, Jürgen Wolf
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Aramchol reduces established fibrosis in MCD diet animal model
Authors: M. Varela-Rey, D. Fernández-Ramos, M. Iruarrizaga-Lejarreta, S.M. Van Liempd, L. delaCruz-Villar, S.L. de Davalillo, I. Martín-Ruiz, I. Aurrekoetxea, X. Buqué, J.L. Lavín, A.M. Aransay, L. Hayardeny, C. Alonso, J.M. Falcón, P. Aspichueta, J. Anguita, M.L. Martínez-Chantar, J.M. Mato
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2017)
Long-term efficacy and safety of momelotinib, a JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor, for the treatment of myelofibrosis
Authors: A Pardanani, J Gotlib, A W Roberts, M Wadleigh, S Sirhan, J Kawashima, J A Maltzman, L Shao, V Gupta, A Tefferi
Journal: Leukemia (2017)
Abstract 17015: Women Admitted With Presumed Acute Myocardial Infarction Report No Difference in Symptom Expression Regardless of Final Diagnosis
Authors: Carol S Smith
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction:  AMI is common among women. Delay in seeking treatment upon the onset of AMI symptoms is longer in women than men. Inadequate AMI symptom recognition is thought to be the reason for this delay disparity. Many patients, especially women, are admitted with a suspected AMI only to receive another diagnosis, yet there are no studies comparing symptoms between those diagnosed with and without an AMI.   Objective:  To compare presenting and prodromal symptoms in women admitted with presumed AMI based on their final discharge diagnosis (AMI vs. no-AMI).   Methods:  Data were collected via inpatient interviews on women admitted with a suspected AMI. The Mcsweeney Acute and Prodromal Myocardial Infarction Symptom Survey, a comprehensive instrument with well-established reliability and validity, was used. Post-discharge chart review placed patients in the AMI group (n = 42) or the no-AMI group (n = 56).   Results:  Of the 38 acute and 33 prodromal symptoms only 4 differences were noted. The no-AMI group reported higher frequencies of the following: acute feelings of the heart racing ( p  = .04), prodromal pain centered high in the chest ( p  = .04), prodromal pain over the left breast ( p  = .04) and prodromal increase in frequency of headaches ( p  = .04). The no-AMI group also reported higher severity of prodromal discomfort in the general chest area ( p  = .04), over the left breast ( p  = .04), both legs ( p  = .01), prodromal fatigue ( p  = .02), shortness of air ( p  = .02) and frequent indigestion ( p  = .01). The positive AMI group reported a higher severity level only with acute discomfort in both arms ( p  = .01)   Conclusions:  The acute and prodromal symptom expression of both groups is very similar, suggesting that differences in presenting symptoms may not distinguish between those with AMI versus those with no AMI. Therefore, symptoms may not warn of an impending AMI rendering the decision to seek medical attention difficult.
Criteria for allocating new medical school places are too broad, expert warns
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2017)

The criteria for allocating 1000 new medical school places are too broad, an expert in medical education has warned.

Chris McManus, professor of psychology and medical education at University College London, said that the new places should be assigned to medical schools that produce highly performing students, as well as schools that would help to fill under-doctored specialties.

Last year England’s health secretary, Jeremy Hunt, announced a 25% expansion in medical student places.1 Hunt said that as many as 1500 more doctors would be trained in England every year from September 2018.

So far, 500 new medical school places have been allocated to existing medical schools. …
The US President's Malaria Initiative, Plasmodium falciparum transmission and mortality: A modelling study
Authors: Peter Winskill, Hannah C. Slater, Jamie T. Griffin, Azra C. Ghani, Patrick G. T. Walker
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2017)

Although significant progress has been made in reducing malaria transmission globally in recent years, a large number of people remain at risk and hence the gains made are fragile. Funding lags well behind amounts needed to protect all those at risk and ongoing contributions from major donors, such as the President's Malaria Initiative (PMI), are vital to maintain progress and pursue further reductions in burden. We use a mathematical modelling approach to estimate the impact of PMI investments to date in reducing malaria burden and to explore the potential negative impact on malaria burden should a proposed 44% reduction in PMI funding occur.We combined an established mathematical model of Plasmodium falciparum transmission dynamics with epidemiological, intervention, and PMI-financing data to estimate the contribution PMI has made to malaria control via funding for long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs), indoor residual spraying (IRS), and artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs). We estimate that PMI has prevented 185 million (95% CrI: 138 million, 230 million) malaria cases and saved 940,049 (95% CrI: 545,228, 1.4 million) lives since 2005. If funding is maintained, PMI-funded interventions are estimated to avert a further 162 million (95% CrI: 116 million, 194 million) cases, saving a further 692,589 (95% CrI: 392,694, 955,653) lives between 2017 and 2020. With an estimate of US$94 (95% CrI: US$51, US$166) per Disability Adjusted Life Year (DALY) averted, PMI-funded interventions are highly cost-effective. We also demonstrate the further impact of this investment by reducing caseloads on health systems. If a 44% reduction in PMI funding were to occur, we predict that this loss of direct aid could result in an additional 67 million (95% CrI: 49 million, 82 million) cases and 290,649 (95% CrI: 167,208, 395,263) deaths between 2017 and 2020. We have not modelled indirect impacts of PMI funding (such as health systems strengthening) in this analysis.Our model estimates that PMI has played a significant role in reducing malaria cases and deaths since its inception. Reductions in funding to PMI could lead to large increases in the number of malaria cases and deaths, damaging global goals of malaria control and elimination.
Clinical and translational science in cardiovascular research: highlights from the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2017
Authors: Evangelos K Oikonomou
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2017)

The annual flagship meeting of the American Heart Association (AHA) (AHA Scientific Sessions 2017), held between 11-15 November 2017 in Anaheim, California, was attended by almost 18 000 professionals from more than 100 countries, featuring almost 5000 individual sessions, and 4000 original presentations.A wide selection of topics were presented, ranging from basic research to clinical and population science, with a particular focus on risk factor management and prevention.In his Presidential Address and a speech inspired by personal and family experiences, Dr John J. Warner, highlighted the impact of cardiovascular disease on families around the world and his commitment to fight heart disease through his professional-and community-based work.
Tendencias recientes de la sífilis en Bélgica y mejora de los sistemas de vigilancia de las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual
Authors: A Sasse, A Defraye, G Ducoffre
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2004)

Durante los cinco ultimos anos se han producido en Europa una serie de brotes de sifilis que afectaban principalmente a hombres homosexuales [1-5]. Uno de los brotes ocurrio en Amberes, en Belgica, durante el primer trimestre de 2001 [6] y continuo durante 2004. Ademas, los diagnosticos de sifilis notificados por la Red centinela de laboratorios aumentaron un 89% durante el cuarto trimestre de 2003. Se observo un incremento tambien en Bruselas durante el mismo periodo (+300% ; 24 casos). 
De los casos declarados por la red centinela, el 93,4% fueron varones ; entre esos, 79,9% eran hombres que tenian relaciones sexuales con hombres (HRSH). La tasa global de pacientes co-infectados por el VIH era de 50,5% (HRSH: 58,6%; heterosexuales hombres : 23,8%; mujeres: 8,3%). El 76,1% de los pacientes co-infectados conocian su infeccion por el VIH en el momento del diagnostico de sifilis.