tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Relief for Central Sleep Apnea
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prehospital antibiotics in the ambulance for sepsis: a multicentre, open label, randomised trial
Authors: Nadia Alam, Erick Oskam, Patricia M Stassen, Pieternel van Exter, Peter M van de Ven, Harm R Haak, Frits Holleman, Arthur van Zanten, Hien van Leeuwen-Nguyen, Victor Bon, Bart A M Duineveld, Rishi S Nannan Panday, Mark H H Kramer, Prabath W B Nanayakkara, N. Alam, P.W.B. Nanayakkara, E. Oskam, P.M. Stassen, H.R. Haak, F. Holleman, R.S. Nannan Panday, B.A.M. Duineveld, P. van Exter, P.M. van de Ven, V. Bon, J. Goselink, A. De Kreek, P. van Grunsven, M. Biekart, G.J. Deddens, F. Weijschede, N. Rijntjes, G. Franschman, J. Janssen, J. Frenken, J. Versluis, R. Boomars, G. de Vries, E. den Boer, A. van Gent, M. Willeboer, G. Buunk, G.J. Timmers, F. Snijders, N. Posthuma, S. Stoffelen, S. Claassens, H. Ammerlaan, S. Sankatsing, J. Frenken, J. Alsma, A. van Zanten, L. Slobbe, M.M. de Melo, A. Dees, G. Carels, M. Wabbijn, T.T.H. van Leeuwen-Nguyen, J. Assink, A. van der Honing, P. Luik, W. Poortvliet, W.E.M. Schouten, J. Veenstra, J. Holkenborg, T.C. Cheung, J. van Bokhorst, B. Kors, G.H. Louis- Wattel, T. Roeleveld, A. Toorians, W. Jellema, A. Govers, H.A.H. Kaasjager, D. Dekker, M.A.M. Verhoeven, M.H.H. Kramer, T. Flietstra, L. Roest, E.J.G. Peters, T.A.M. Hekker, W. Ang, W. van der Wekken, P. Ghaem Maghami, B. Kanen, H. Wesselius, L. Heesterman, A.N. Zwietering, J. Stoffers
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2017)
Utility of Single-Cell Genomics in Diagnostic Evaluation of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Joan Alexander, Jude Kendall, Jean McIndoo, Linda Rodgers, Robert Aboukhalil, Dan Levy, Asya Stepansky, Guoli Sun, Lubomir Chobardjiev, Michael Riggs, Hilary Cox, Inessa Hakker, Dawid G. Nowak, Juliana Laze, Elton Llukani, Abhishek Srivastava, Siobhan Gruschow, Shalini S. Yadav, Brian Robinson, Gurinder Atwal, Lloyd C. Trotman, Herbert Lepor, James Hicks, Michael Wigler, Alexander Krasnitz
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract A distinction between indolent and aggressive disease is a major challenge in diagnostics of prostate cancer. As genetic heterogeneity and complexity may influence clinical outcome, we have initiated studies on single tumor cell genomics. In this study, we demonstrate that sparse DNA sequencing of single-cell nuclei from prostate core biopsies is a rich source of quantitative parameters for evaluating neoplastic growth and aggressiveness. These include the presence of clonal populations, the phylogenetic structure of those populations, the degree of the complexity of copy-number changes in those populations, and measures of the proportion of cells with clonal copy-number signatures. The parameters all showed good correlation to the measure of prostatic malignancy, the Gleason score, derived from individual prostate biopsy tissue cores. Remarkably, a more accurate histopathologic measure of malignancy, the surgical Gleason score, agrees better with these genomic parameters of diagnostic biopsy than it does with the diagnostic Gleason score and related measures of diagnostic histopathology. This is highly relevant because primary treatment decisions are dependent upon the biopsy and not the surgical specimen. Thus, single-cell analysis has the potential to augment traditional core histopathology, improving both the objectivity and accuracy of risk assessment and inform treatment decisions. Significance: Genomic analysis of multiple individual cells harvested from prostate biopsies provides an indepth view of cell populations comprising a prostate neoplasm, yielding novel genomic measures with the potential to improve the accuracy of diagnosis and prognosis in prostate cancer. Cancer Res; 78(2); 348–58. ©2017 AACR.
A phase II trial of ruxolitinib in combination with azacytidine in myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Rita Assi, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Guillermo Garcia‐Manero, Jorge E. Cortes, Naveen Pemmaraju, Xuemei Wang, Graciela Nogueras‐Gonzalez, Elias Jabbour, Prithviraj Bose, Tapan Kadia, Courtney D. Dinardo, Keyur Patel, Carlos Bueso‐Ramos, Lingsha Zhou, Sherry Pierce, Romany Gergis, Carla Tuttle, Gautam Borthakur, Zeev Estrov, Rajyalakshmi Luthra, Juliana Hidalgo‐Lopez, Srdan Verstovsek, Naval Daver
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2017)

Abstract Ruxolitinib and azacytidine target distinct disease manifestations of myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPNs). Patients with MDS/MPNs initially received ruxolitinib BID (doses based on platelets count), continuously in 28‐day cycles for the first 3 cycles. Azacytidine 25 mg/m 2 (Day 1‐5) intravenously or subcutaneously was recommended to be added to each cycle starting cycle 4 and could be increased to 75 mg/m 2 (Days 1‐5) for disease control. Azacytidine could be started earlier than cycle 4 and/or at higher dose in patients with rapidly proliferative disease or with elevated blasts. Thirty‐five patients were treated (MDS/MPN‐U, n =14; CMML, n =17; aCML, n =4), with a median follow‐up of 15.2 months (range, 1.0–41.5). All patients were evaluable by the 2015 international consortium proposal of response criteria for MDS/MPNs (ICP MDS/MPN) and 20 (57%) responded. Nine patients (45%) responded after the addition of azacytidine. A greater than 50% reduction in palpable splenomegaly at 24 weeks was noted in 9/14 (64%) patients. Responders more frequently were JAK2 ‐mutated ( P = .02) and had splenomegaly ( P = .03) compared to nonresponders. New onset grade 3/4 anemia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 18 (51%) and 19 (54%) patients, respectively, but required therapy discontinuation in only 1 (3%) patient. Patients with MDS/MPN‐U had better median survival compared to CMML and aCML (26.5 vs 15.1 vs 8 months; P = .034). The combination of ruxolitinib and azacytidine was well‐tolerated with an ICP MDS/MPN‐response rate of 57% in patients with MDS/MPNs. The survival benefit was most prominent in patients with MDS/MPN‐U.
Feasibility, safety, and diagnostic yield of the Extra Wide Angle View (EWAVE) colonoscope for the detection of colorectal lesions
Authors: Maxime Bronzwaer, Evelien Dekker, Vincens Weingart, Stefan Groth, Mathieu Pioche, Jérôme Rivory, Torsten Beyna, Horst Neuhaus, Thierry Ponchon, Hans Allescher, Paul Fockens, Thomas Rösch
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

Abstract Background and study aims The adenoma detection rate (ADR) of conventional colonoscopy can still be improved. We conducted a prospective multicenter cohort study to assess the feasibility, safety, and diagnostic yield of the Extra Wide Angle View (EWAVE) colonoscope, which offers a 235° view obtained from a forward-viewing and two lateral backward-viewing lenses incorporated into one image. Patients and methods The study was performed between November 2015 and June 2016. EWAVE colonoscopy was performed in patients with an increased risk of colorectal cancer by experienced and EWAVE-trained endoscopists (≥ 500 colonoscopies, ≥ 10 with the EWAVE system). Results A total of 193 patients underwent EWAVE colonoscopy. The cecal intubation rate was 97.4 %. EWAVE colonoscopy had a polyp detection rate (PDR) of 61.1 % (118 /193), ADR of 39.9 % (77 /193), and advanced ADR of 13.5 % (26 /193). No adverse events occurred. Conclusions EWAVE colonoscopy is feasible and safe. The ADR appears comparable to those achieved with conventional colonoscopes in similar patient populations. To further elucidate the additional benefits of wide-angle-view colonoscopes, randomized trials would be required. Clinical trials registration number: NTR4536 (www.trialregister.nl)
Branch Duct Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms
Authors: Salila S. Hashmi, David A. Kooby
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Abstract 14137: Cd36 Plays a Crucial Role in Exercise Endurance During Prolonged Fasting in Mice
Authors: Hikari Haruyama, Tasuya Iso, Hiroaki Sunaga, Yogi Umbarawan, Mas Risky Syamsunarno, Mirasari Putri, Hiroki Matsui, Tomoyuki Yokoyama, Masahiko Kurabayashi
Journal: Circulation (2016)

During prolonged fasting, most tissues including the heart and skeletal muscle heavily rely on utilization of fatty acids (FA) released from adipose tissue, while glucose utilization is minimized. CD36 plays an important role in membrane transport of long chain fatty acid (FA) in the heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Previous studies showed that CD36 knockout (CD36KO) mice have reduced uptake of FA with a remarkable increase in glucose utilization in the heart and skeletal muscle, and lower levels of blood glucose during fasting. Here we show that CD36KO mice exhibit reduced endurance for exercise during prolong fasting. Running exercise was started at the speed of 10 meter/min for 5 min, and the speed was increased at a rate of 5 meter/5 min until mice were exhausted. Running distance of wild type (WT) and CD36KO mice was comparable in the fed state whereas that of CD36KO mice was significantly reduced after overnight fasting. Serum glucose levels were significantly reduced in CD36KO mice compared to WT during fasting, which was more enhanced in both mice by running exercise. Uptake of FA analogue  125 I-BMIPP was reduced in both glycolytic and oxidative muscles in CD36KO mice whereas uptake of glucose analogue  18 F-FDG was enhanced only in the fasted state in oxidative muscle, suggesting that compensatory uptake of glucose in skeletal muscle in CD36KO mice occurs only when energy supply and storage are very limited. Consistent with this, glycogen levels in quadriceps femoris muscle (consisting of more glycolytic muscle than oxidative) were significantly reduced in CD36KO mice, indicating more glycogen consumption than glucose uptake during fasting. Pyruvate challenge test revealed that gluconeogenesis in liver is also decreased in CD36KO mice. Levels of non-esterified FA and ketone body were comparable between WT and CD36KO mice. Given that carbohydrates and lipids are crucial energy substrates for skeletal muscles, our data suggest that depletion of energy storage in skeletal muscles and diminished supply of energy substrates to the tissues during fasting can cause reduced endurance for exercise in CD36KO mice. Our study underscores the importance of CD36 for nutrient homeostasis to maintain function of skeletal muscle when nutrient supply is limited.
Proton pump inhibitors and gastric cancer: a long expected side effect finally reported also in man
Authors: Helge Lyder Waldum, Reidar Fossmark
Journal: Gut (2017)

We read with interest the report by Cheung et al describing increased risk of gastric cancer in patients treated long-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) after Helicobacter pylori eradication.1 On the same day, a Swedish study also reported increased risk of gastric cancer in patients having been treated long-term with PPI.2 Since cancers in general most often require decades to develop, the magnitude of the PPI-related cancer risk cannot be foreseen. For 30 years, we have worked with the role of gastrin and the risk of PPI treatment with respect to gastric cancer and published more than 200 papers and letters in this field. However, our publications have for one reason or the other been overseen and not discussed. On the other hand, since we always have concluded that PPI treatment in the long term would cause gastric cancer, it is strange that producers of PPIs have not done studies to dismiss our results. However, the …
cGAMP: A tale of two signals
Authors: Teneema Kuriakose, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2017)

In this issue of JEM, Swanson et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20171749) report an unanticipated role for cGAMP in priming and activation of inflammasomes in addition to its well-characterized function as an endogenous second messenger inducing type I interferons in the cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway.
Abstract 14584: Do Individual Statins Differ in the Incidence of Myopathy? A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials
Authors: Mohammad S Khan, Haris Riaz, Tariq J Siddiqi, Muhammad S Usman, Kaneez Fatima, Hassan Khan, Nayef Nimri, Asad Ikram, Haitham M Ahmed, Richard Krasuski
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Myopathy is cited as the most frequent reason leading to cessation of statin therapy by patients. Statin discontinuation is associated with worse outcomes in patients with known coron...
Impact of palliative care rotation on gynecologic oncology fellows' knowledge, rates of explicit teaching, and perceived competence in palliative care.
Authors: Carolyn Lefkowits, Anoo Tamber, Janet Leahy, Winifred Teuteberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

95 Background: Impact of a PC rotation on fellows in the primarily surgical specialty of Gynecologic Oncology (GO) has not been described. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a month-long PC rotation on GO fellows’ knowledge, exposure to explicit teaching and perceived competence in PC. Methods: Four years of GO fellows (n = 8) were surveyed before and immediately after a month-long PC rotation about knowledge, explicit teaching and perceived competence across four domains - pain management, non-pain symptom management, out of hospital care and communication/ethics. Knowledge was assessed via 30 multiple choice questions (MCQ). Perceived competence to address 25 PC topics was assessed on a Likert scale (1 to 5). Participants were asked about explicit teaching of 21 PC topics before and during the rotation. The rotation included 5 clinical settings and 7 dedicated didactic strategies beyond routine participation in clinical care. We used medians tests to compare total correct items pre vs post rotation, paired differences pre to post of perceived competence and paired differences pre to during rotation rates of explicit teaching of PC topics. Results: Post-rotation, participants demonstrated significant improvement in knowledge (median MCQ percent correct pre 62% v post 67%; p = 0.01), explicit teaching (median percent items explicitly taught pre 19% v post 91%; p = 0.02) and perceived competence (median percent items competent or better pre 34% v post 100%; p = 0.01). The most highly rated clinical settings were inpatient hospice and inpatient PC consult service. The most highly rated didactic strategies were direct observation of communication skills practice and 10 minute didactics. The educational value of the overall rotation was rated as superior by 100% of participants. Conclusions: After a month-long PC rotation, GO fellows demonstrated significant improvement in knowledge, rates of explicit teaching and perceived competence in PC across all domains examined. Routine incorporation of a dedicated PC rotation should be considered for all gynecologic oncology fellows.
Comparison of in vivo targeting ability between cRGD and collagen-targeting peptide conjugated nano-carriers for atherosclerosis
Authors: Manse Kim, Abhishek Sahu, Gi Beom Kim, Gi Hoon Nam, Wooram Um, So Jin Shin, Yong Yeon Jeong, In-San Kim, Kwangmeyung Kim, Ick Chan Kwon, Giyoong Tae
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2017)
Modulation of the intestinal bile acid/farnesoid X receptor/fibroblast growth factor 15 axis improves alcoholic liver disease in mice
Authors: Phillipp Hartmann, Katrin Hochrath, Angela Horvath, Peng Chen, Caroline T. Seebauer, Cristina Llorente, Lirui Wang, Yazen Alnouti, Derrick E. Fouts, Peter Stärkel, Rohit Loomba, Sally Coulter, Christopher Liddle, Ruth T. Yu, Lei Ling, Stephen J. Rossi, Alex M. DePaoli, Michael Downes, Ronald M. Evans, David A. Brenner, Bernd Schnabl
Journal: Hepatology (2017)

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is associated with changes in the intestinal microbiota. Functional consequences of alcohol‐associated dysbiosis are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to identify a mechanism of how changes in the intestinal microbiota contribute to ALD. Metagenomic sequencing of intestinal contents demonstrated that chronic ethanol feeding in mice is associated with an over‐representation of bacterial genomic DNA encoding choloylglycine hydrolase, which deconjugates bile acids in the intestine. Bile acid analysis confirmed an increased amount of unconjugated bile acids in the small intestine after ethanol administration. Mediated by a lower farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activity in enterocytes, lower fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐15 protein secretion was associated with increased hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme (Cyp)‐7a1 protein expression and circulating bile acid levels. Depletion of the commensal microbiota with nonabsorbable antibiotics attenuated hepatic Cyp7a1 expression and reduced ALD in mice, suggesting that increased bile acid synthesis is dependent on gut bacteria. To restore intestinal FXR activity, we used a pharmacological intervention with the intestine‐restricted FXR agonist fexaramine, which protected mice from ethanol‐induced liver injury. Whereas bile acid metabolism was only minimally altered, fexaramine treatment stabilized the gut barrier and significantly modulated hepatic genes involved in lipid metabolism. To link the beneficial metabolic effect to FGF15, a nontumorigenic FGF19 variant—a human FGF15 ortholog—was overexpressed in mice using adeno‐associated viruses. FGF19 treatment showed similarly beneficial metabolic effects and ameliorated alcoholic steatohepatitis. Conclusion: Taken together, alcohol‐associated metagenomic changes result in alterations of bile acid profiles. Targeted interventions improve bile acid–FXR–FGF15 signaling by modulation of hepatic Cyp7a1 and lipid metabolism, and reduce ethanol‐induced liver disease in mice. (H epatology 2018;67:2150‐2166).
Airway infection, systemic inflammation and lung clearance index in children and adults with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Katherine O'Neill, Judy M. Bradley, Alastair Reid, Damian G. Downey, Jacqueline Rendall, John McCaughan, John E. Moore, Michael M. Tunney, J. Stuart Elborn
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

The lung clearance index (LCI) is a measure of ventilation distribution derived from multiple breath washout (MBW). It is a promising measure for monitoring early lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) [1–4] and is increasingly being used as a surrogate efficacy endpoint in CF clinical trials [5, 6]. LCI is reliable and more sensitive than forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in detecting lung disease in infants, children and adults with CF [7–9], tracks early disease progression and symptoms [3], and predicts the onset of pulmonary exacerbations [10]. LCI has been shown to be elevated in infants and younger children with respiratory infection and correlates with airway inflammation, measured using a range of biomarkers in bronchoalveolar lavage [11–13]. However, there are few data on how LCI relates to markers of infection and inflammation in children >6 years and adults. LCI is a sensitive marker of infection and inflammation in clinically stable children and adults with cystic fibrosis <http://ow.ly/vumZ30hzHL0>
Non amplified-MYCN stage 4 neuroblastoma: A genomic signature associated with good prognosis and spontaneous regression.
Authors: Jean Benard, Gilda Raguenez, Audrey Kauffmann, Alexander Valent, Hugues Ripoche, Virginie Joulin, Gisele Danglot, Marie-Jose Terrier-Lacombe, Philippe Dessen, Thomas Tursz, Vladimir Lazar, Dominique Valteau-Couanet
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

2955  Background  Clinical classification of non amplified-MYCN infantile stage 4 neuroblastoma (NB) recognizes 3 distinct patterns of disease and associated prognosis. These include babies under 12 months of age of two good prognosis subtypes ,i.e., NB stage 4S (see text for definition) and stage 4 NB without this presentation ([1yr - ]), and children older than 12 months ([1yr + ]) with a very poor outcome. To date, no genetic criteria permitting such sub-classification of stage 4 NB in infants have been identified.  Methods  MYCN-non amplified undifferentiated NB tumors series included 12 [4S], 8 [1yr - ]stage 4, and 9 [1yr + ] stage 4. 1Mb BAC microarrays surveyed the genomic anomalies. Agilent 22k probes oligomicroarrays analyzed the differential transcriptome profiles of the tumor sets, using a combined methodological approach. Firstly, mRNA chips data were subjected to filtering to yield informative genes before unsupervised hierarchical clustering to identify relationship among tumor samples. Identified gene clusters were confirmed by TaqMan quantitative RT-PCR. Secondly, the chips data were also explored directly, on the basis of p-values derived from variance analysis and robustness tests using a new dedicated software that allows sorting out ontologies, functional pathways and interaction networks.  Results  Chromosomal landscape of infants tumors (whole chromosomes gains or loss) differ radically from that of olderchildren (partial chromosome gains or loss). Tumor expression profiling depicts specific biological functions and pathways for each clinical stage 4 type with regards to transcription factors expression, mitochondrial activity, metabolisms and immune response.  Conclusion  Chromosomal instability in stage 4S tumors associated with a neuro-developmental and proliferative cell phenotype (cell growth, mitochondrial activity, lipid metabolism up-regulations) may likely trigger a genotoxic stress. This could result in cell cycle arrest and a subsequent inflammatory/immune response. Such a multifactorial biological process might explain the strikingly low malignant potential of stage 4S NB.