tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of applied voltages on the structure, apatite-inducing ability and antibacterial ability of micro arc oxidation coating formed on titanium surface
Authors: Qing Du, Daqing Wei, Yaming Wang, Su Cheng, Shang Liu, Yu Zhou, Dechang Jia
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2018)

The micro arc oxidation (MAO) coatings with different concentrations of Ca, P and Zn elements are successfully formed on the titanium substrate at the different applied voltages. After MAO treatment, the MAO coating exhibits the porous surface structure and composed of anatase and rutile TiO2 phases. Meanwhile, the average size and density of micro-pores on the MAO coatings have been modified via the adjusting the applied voltages. In addition, the contents of the incorporated elements such as Zn, Ca and P elements in the MAO coatings have been optimized. The bonding strength test results reveal that the MAO coating shows higher bonding strength, which is up to 45 ± 5 MPa. Compared to the pure Ti plate, the MAO coating formed at 350 and 400 V show good apatite-inducing ability. Meanwhile, the MAO coating containing Zn, Ca and P elements have better antibacterial ability for E.coli and S.aureus. Thus, the incorporation of Zn, Ca and P elements was an effective method to improve the antibacterial ability. Moreover, the concentrations of Zn, Ca and P elements could be adjusted with the changing of the applied voltages. As a result, the enhancement of the antibacterial ability on the MAO coating surfaces was depended on the comprehensive effect of the incorporated elements and the surface property of MAO coatings.
David Oliver: Are we rushing patients home before they’re ready?
Authors: David Oliver
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Emergency readmission rates (defined as unplanned readmissions to hospital within 30 days of leaving) are now rising twice as quickly as overall emergency admissions. In June 2018 an analysis by QualityWatch (a Nuffield Trust and Health Foundation collaborative) showed a 19.2% rise in readmissions from 2010-11 to 2016-17, compared with a 10.5% rise in overall emergency admissions.1

The researchers noted that some coding and counting issues confounded data interpretation and accuracy, given that routine hospital episode statistics (HES) were used. And, although NHS Digital stopped reporting readmission rates in 2013-14—making triangulation hard—these are big numbers, as over a million patients a year are reportedly readmitted. The trends are consistent with recent analyses from HealthWatch England and the National Audit Office.23 The highest percentage of readmissions and the sharpest rise was …
Abstract 15453: QRS Fragmentation is Associated With Right Ventricular Failure in Adults With Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Jouke P Bokma, Michiel M Winter, Koen C de Wilde, Hubert W Vliegen, Maarten Groenink, Barbara J Mulder, Berto J Bouma
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Limited data is available to identify tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients at risk for right ventricular (RV) function deterioration and subsequent heart failure. Recently, fragmentatio...
TMEM106B haplotypes have distinct gene expression patterns in aged brain
Authors: Yingxue Ren, Marka van Blitterswijk, Mariet Allen, Minerva M. Carrasquillo, Joseph S. Reddy, Xue Wang, Thomas G. Beach, Dennis W. Dickson, Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner, Yan W. Asmann, Rosa Rademakers
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2018)

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) inherited as one of two common haplotypes at the transmembrane protein 106B (TMEM106B) locus are associated with the risk of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including frontotemporal lobar degeneration with pathological inclusions of TDP-43. Among the associated variants, rs3173615 (encoding p.T185S) is the only coding variant; however, non-coding variants may also contribute to disease risk. It has been reported that the risk haplotype is associated with higher levels of TMEM106B and increased levels of TMEM106B cause cytotoxicity; however, the precise mechanism through which TMEM106B haplotypes contribute to neurodegeneration is unclear. We utilized RNA sequencing data derived from temporal cortex (TCX) and cerebellum (CER) from 312 North American Caucasian subjects neuropathologically diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, pathological aging or normal controls to analyze transcriptome signatures associated with the risk (TT) and protective (SS) TMEM106B haplotypes. In cohorts matched for disease phenotype, we used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to identify differentially expressed genes and Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to identify gene networks associated with the risk and protective TMEM106B haplotypes. A total of 110 TCX and 116 CER samples were included in the analyses. When comparing TT to SS carriers, we detected 593 differentially expressed genes in TCX and 7 in CER. Gene co-expression network analyses further showed that in both TCX and CER the SS haplotype was positively correlated with gene networks involved in synaptic transmission, whereas the TT haplotype was positively correlated with gene networks enriched for immune response. Gene expression patterns of 5 cell-type-specific markers revealed significantly reduced expression of the neuronal marker and relative increases in all other cell markers in TT as compared to SS carriers in TCX with a similar but non-significant trend in CER. By comparing the common TMEM106B risk and protective haplotypes we identified significant and partly conserved transcriptional differences across TCX and CER and striking changes in cell-type composition, especially in TCX. These findings illustrate the profound effect of TMEM106B haplotypes on brain health and highlight the importance to better understand TMEM106B's function and dysfunction in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.
Problem-Solving Education to Prevent Depression Among Low-Income Mothers
Authors: Michael Silverstein, Howard Cabral, Mark Hegel, Yaminette Diaz-Linhart, William Beardslee, Caroline J. Kistin, Emily Feinberg
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> Although problem solving has been an important component of successful depression prevention and treatment interventions, evidence to support problem solving's mechanism of action is sparse. <h3>Objective</h3> To understand the mechanism of an efficacious depression prevention intervention, problem-solving education (PSE). <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A multivariate path analysis was embedded within a randomized efficacy trial (February 15, 2011, to May 9, 2016). Participants were mothers with depressed mood, anhedonia, or depression history (but not in current major depressive episode) at 1 of 6 Head Start agencies. Participants were followed up for 12 months with serial assessments of potential intervention mediators and depressive symptoms. <h3>Interventions</h3> Problem-solving education (n = 111) and usual Head Start services (n = 119). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Primary outcomes were depressive symptom elevations, which were measured bimonthly. Eight plausible intervention mediators were assessed: problem-solving ability; mastery; self-esteem; perceived stress; behavioral activation; and avoidant, problem-focused, and social coping. <h3>Results</h3> Among 230 participants, 152 (66.1%) were Hispanic; mean (SD) age was 31.4 (7.3) years. Based on associations with either PSE participation or depressive symptom outcomes, problem-solving ability, perceived stress, behavioral activation, and problem-focused coping were included in a parsimonious, multivariate path model. In this model, only perceived stress was associated with both PSE participation and depressive symptoms. Participants in the PSE group had adjusted standardized perceived stress change scores that were 11% lower than controls (95% CI, −0.19 to −0.03), and improvement in perceived stress generated an adjusted rate ratio (aRR) of 0.42 (95% CI, 0.33-0.53) for depressive symptom elevations. Participants in the intervention group also had standardized behavioral activation change scores 15% greater than controls (95% CI, 0.01-0.30) and problem-focused coping change scores 17% greater than controls (95% CI, 0.03-0.31); however, changes in these constructs were not associated with a differential rate of depressive symptom elevations. The direct effect of PSE on depressive symptom elevations (aRR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52-0.97) was greater than the mediated effect explained by improvement in perceived stress (aRR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85-0.98). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Problem-solving education is efficacious in preventing depressive symptoms and appears to work by decreasing perceived stress; however, the mechanism for much of PSE's impact on depression remains unexplained. These results can be used to simplify the intervention model in preparation for effectiveness testing. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT01298804
Management of Patients With Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Bleeding
Authors: Neil Sengupta, Adam S. Cifu
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Quality International Education and Academic Prizes: SMA’s Annual Conference in Perth has it all!
Authors: Liam Richard West, Julie Pham
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2018)

The recent 2018 XXI Commonwealth Games held on the Gold Coast showcased remarkable sporting performances by athletes from around the world. Over 4000 athletes from 71 teams competed for 275 sets of medals. Australia made history for hosting the first major multi-sport event with equal numbers of events for males and females athletes. 1500 medical volunteers with backgrounds in elite and community based sport maned over 50 medical facilities across Games venues amassing 84,00 medical volunteer hours. Sports Medicine Australia (SMA) is extremely proud many volunteers were SMA members and we want to take this opportunity to thank the team behind the team! Much like the background of these volunteers and our members, we want to showcase a diverse range of papers within this SMA issue of the British Journal of Sports Medicine (BJSM).

Despite advances in sports medicine, the battle to reduce the incidence of hamstring injuries …
Insect Borne Disease Threat Grows
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 5579: Increased number of EMT-like CTCs relative to epithelial CTCs reveals signatures of poor outcomes in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Mina Zeinali, Vasudha Murlidhar, Shamileh Fouladdel, Mathias Hafner, Shimeng Shao, Lili Zhao, Heather Cameron, Armand Iii Bankhead, Jiaqi Shi, Kyle C. Cuneo, Vaibhav Sahai, Ebrahim Azizi, Max S. Wicha, Diane M. Simeone, Sunitha Nagrath
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Objective: Although circulating tumor cells' (CTCs) isolation from pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PaCa) patients is feasible, investigation of their clinical utility has proven less successful than other cancer types, due to poor technology sensitivity and EpCAM-only based CTC assays. Design: We present an integrated technology and biology-based approach using a microfluidic “Carpet chip” to study the biologic relevance of rare CTCs. We isolate both circulating epithelial CTCs (EpCs) and EMT-like CTCs (EMTCs) simultaneously from whole blood of PaCa patients (n=35), targeting two different surface markers: anti-EpCAM and anti-CD133. Gene expression profiling of CTCs was performed with 96 genes (n=17). Results: Recovery of cancer cell lines spiked into whole blood is ≥97% with &amp;gt;76% purity. Of the 35 PaCa patients analyzed, 34 had ≥5 EpCs/mL and 35 had ≥15 EMTCs/mL. Higher numbers of EMTCs were observed in patients with lymph node involvement (N1) compared to patients without. The ratio of EpCs to total number of CTCs marginally decreased with advanced stage, while the ratio of EMTCs increased. Gene expression profiling showed CXCR1 was significantly upregulated in EpCs whereas POU5F1/Oct-4 and MYC were upregulated in EMTCs, demonstrating inherent phenotypic differences. Early-stage patients with significantly better overall survival and/or progression-free survival showed significant higher expression of genes including ERCC1 and TTF1. Conclusions: We demonstrated successful isolation of heterogeneous population of CTCs (EpCs and EMTCs). We recovered significantly higher number of EMTCs in PaCa patients compared to EpCs, reflecting aggressive nature of PaCa. Profiling of CTCs revealed genetic signatures relevant to predicting patients' outcomes. Citation Format: Mina Zeinali, Vasudha Murlidhar, Shamileh Fouladdel, Mathias Hafner, Shimeng Shao, Lili Zhao, Heather Cameron, Armand Iii Bankhead, Jiaqi Shi, Kyle C. Cuneo, Vaibhav Sahai, Ebrahim Azizi, Max S. Wicha, Diane M. Simeone, Sunitha Nagrath. Increased number of EMT-like CTCs relative to epithelial CTCs reveals signatures of poor outcomes in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5579.
Association of <i>APOL1</i> With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in Postmenopausal African American Women
Authors: Nora Franceschini, Jeffrey B. Kopp, Ana Barac, Lisa W. Martin, Yun Li, Huijun Qian, Alex P. Reiner, Martin Pollak, Robert B. Wallace, Wayne D. Rosamond, Cheryl A. Winkler
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2018)

APOL1 genotypes are associated with kidney diseases in African American individuals and may influence cardiovascular disease and mortality risk, but findings have been inconsistent.To discern whether high-risk APOL1 genotypes are associated with cardiovascular disease and stroke in postmenopausal African American women, who are at high risk for these outcomes.The Women's Health Initiative is a prospective cohort that enrolled 161 838 postmenopausal women into clinical trials and an observational study between 1993 and 1998. This study includes 11 137 African American women participants who had a clinical event from enrollment to June 2014. Data analyses were completed from January 2017 to August 2017.The variants of APOL1 were genotyped or imputed from whole-exome sequencing.Incident coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure subtypes, and overall and cause-specific mortality were adjudicated from hospital records and death certificates. Estimated incidence rates were determined for each outcome and hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CIs for the associations of APOL1 groups with outcomes.The mean (SD) age of participants was 61.7 (7.1) years. Carriers of high-risk APOL1 variants (n = 1370; 12.3%) had higher prevalence of hypertension, use of cholesterol-lowering medications, and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). After a mean (SD) of 11.0 (3.6) years, carriers of high-risk APOL1 variants had a higher incidence rate of hospitalized heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) than low-risk carriers did but showed no differences for other outcomes. In adjusted models, there was a significant 58% increased hazard of hospitalized HFpEF (HR, 1.58 [95% CI, 1.03-2.41]) among carriers of high-risk APOL1 variants compared with carriers of low-risk APOL1 variants. The association with HFpEF was attenuated (HR = 1.50 [95% CI, 0.98-2.30]) and no longer significant when adjusting for baseline eGFR.Status as a carrier of a high-risk APOL1 genotype was associated with HFpEF hospitalization among postmenopausal women, which is partly accounted for by baseline kidney function. These findings do not support an association of high-risk APOL1 genotypes with coronary heart disease, stroke, or mortality in postmenopausal African American women.
Sixty seconds on . . . GP chatbot
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Something that could solve the workforce crisis overnight, and allow GPs to retire pretty much immediately.

It’s a smartphone symptoms checker—developed by Babylon, the company behind the virtual GP at Hand service—which uses artificial intelligence that is as good as, if not better than, GPs at identifying illnesses.

The ability to pass the Membership of the Royal College of General Practitioners examination, apparently. A study …
Prescription to Over-the-Counter Switch of Metronidazole and Azelaic Acid for Treatment of Rosacea
Authors: Jean S. McGee, Jonathan K. Wilkin
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2018)

This Viewpoint considers the advantages and disadvantages of topical treatments for rosacea, specifically metronidazole and azelaic acid, undergoing review to switch from prescription to over-the-counter availability.
Abstract LB-222: Culturing cancer cells from liquid biopsies for precision cancer therapy
Authors: Xuefeng Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Liquid biopsies include circulation tumor cells (CTC), ctDNA/RNA, exosomes from blood or tumor relevant information from other liquid samples (urine, pleural effusion, ascites, saliva, etc.). Culturing cancer cells from liquid biopsies is a simple, non-invasive technique that has the potential to advance the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of cancer patients. In this study, we described several approaches that allow to enrich cancer cells from urine (for bladder cancer), blood (for prostate cancer), and pleural effusion (for non-small cell lung carcinoma). These cancer cells from liquid biopsies were cultured and further propagated in suspension and/or adherent cultures using a specialized cell culture medium. We also confirmed genetic alterations in both original tumors and cancer cells from liquid biopsies, for example, mutant EGFR for lung cancer, mutations of hTERT promoter for bladder cancer. We also reported that these cancer cells from liquid biopsies were used for identify therapies for the patients. For example, a woman patient with metastatic NSCLC harboring mutant EGFR was primarily resistant to TKI treatment, we were able to identify a combination of chemotherapy for the patient. Cancer cells from urine samples were used for predicting recurrence of the bladder cancer or monitoring treatment. We also used these cultured cancer from original tumors and liquid biopsies for study of tumor heterogeneity. Citation Format: Xuefeng Liu. Culturing cancer cells from liquid biopsies for precision cancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-222.
Surviving sepsis campaign: research priorities for sepsis and septic shock
Authors: Craig M. Coopersmith, Daniel De Backer, Clifford S. Deutschman, Ricard Ferrer, Ishaq Lat, Flavia R. Machado, Greg S. Martin, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Mark E. Nunnally, Massimo Antonelli, Laura E. Evans, Judith Hellman, Sameer Jog, Jozef Kesecioglu, Mitchell M. Levy, Andrew Rhodes
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2018)
Impact of sleep alterations on weaning duration of mechanically ventilated patients: how much is bad?
Authors: Arnaud W. Thille, Rémi Coudroy, Faustine Reynaud, Damien Marie, Stéphanie Barrau, Ludivine Rousseau, Christophe Rault, Véronique Diaz, Jean-Claude Meurice, Jean-Pierre Frat, René Robert, Xavier Drouot
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

<b>A strong</b><b>relationship might exist between sleep and weaning from mechanical ventilation in the ICU, and sleep alterations may be an underexplored aspect of weaning difficulties</b>http://ow.ly/TzQq30ktNB5