tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physical activity and cancer: an umbrella review of the literature including 22 major anatomical sites and 770 000 cancer cases
Authors: Leandro Fórnias Machado de Rezende, Thiago Hérick de Sá, Georgios Markozannes, Juan Pablo Rey-López, I-Min Lee, Konstantinos K Tsilidis, John P A Ioannidis, José Eluf-Neto
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Objective To provide an overview of the breadth and validity of claimed associations between physical activity and risk of developing or dying from cancer. Design Umbrella review. Data sources We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Database and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Systematic reviews about physical activity and cancer incidence and cancer mortality in different body sites among general population. Results We included 19 reviews covering 22 cancer sites, 26 exposure-outcome pairs meta-analyses and 541 original studies. Physical activity was associated with lower risk of seven cancer sites (colon, breast, endometrial, lung, oesophageal, pancreas and meningioma). Only colon (a protective association with recreational physical activity) and breast cancer (a protective association with overall physical activity) were supported by strong evidence and highly suggestive evidence, respectively. Evidence from endometrial, lung, oesophageal, pancreas and meningioma presented hints of uncertainty and bias in the literature ( eg, not reaching P values&lt;10 -6 ) showing large between-study heterogeneity and/or not demonstrating a definite direction for the effect when 95% prediction intervals were considered. Four of the 26 meta-analyses showed small study effects and 4 showed excess significance. Conclusion Physical activity is associated with a lower risk of several cancers, but only colon and breast cancer associations were supported by strong or highly suggestive evidence, respectively. Evidence from other cancer sites was less consistent, presenting hints of uncertainty and/or bias.
An evaluation of the QUAL-EC in the clinical care of patients with advanced cancer.
Authors: Anne Wilkinson, Susan Slatyer, Anna Nowak, Cathy Pienaar, Anil Tandon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

85 Background: We piloted the Quality of Life at the End of Life (QUAL-E) in Australian palliative care in-patients (N = 52) and demonstrated feasibility, acceptability and face validity. An unexpected finding was the potential for the QUAL-E to prompt psycho-social-spiritual discussion when conducted as an interview, indicating opportunities for enhanced support.We compared a 17-item QUAL-E-Cancer (QUAL-EC) to the Distress Thermometer Screening Tool (DT) and participants’ experience when the QUAL-EC was conducted as an interview. Methods: A cross-sectional, mixed methods design was used. Convenience sampling recruited patients (N = 50) with advanced cancer and a prognosis of less than 12 months from a tertiary hospital. Participants completed the DT, followed by the QUAL-EC which was digitally recorded as an interview. Results: Correlational and thematic analysis found that 39.6% of participants reported severe distress (score ≥7) while 40% reported moderate distress (score 4-6) on the DT. Levels of distress significantly correlated with two QUAL-EC domains: symptom control ( r= 0.52, p &lt; 0.001) and preparation for end of life ( r= 0.32, p &lt; 0.05). Qualitative analysis identified six themes: the health care team; family issues; approaching death; worry; coping and QUAL-EC experience. Feasibility: completion of the QUAL-EC ranged from 3-14 minutes (M = 7.37 minutes, SD 3.05 minutes). Acceptability: Participants overwhelmingly found the questions to be clear and did not find the questions hard to understand, hard to answer or stressful. Ninety per cent of participants agreed or strongly agreed that they were glad they took part. Conclusions: Patient distress was associated with either symptom burden or concerns about their family/loved ones. When distress is identified on screening, the QUAL-EC offers good potential for nuanced, versus vague, assessment of globalised distress (e.g., DT) as an aid in targeting patient-centered clinical/psycho-social interventions.
A big beautiful wall against infection
Authors: Gisli Jenkins
Journal: Thorax (2017)

Humankind’s greatest enemy has always been, and likely will always be, infection. The role of infection in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a poorly understood but the emergence of molecular techniques has renewed the focus on this area. Earlier studies of histological sections identified herpes virus DNA and haemophilus species in lung tissue.1 More recently, studies have used high sensitivity and high throughput techniques to assess bacterial species in bronchoavleoar lavage (BAL). A large number of studies have now identified divergent bacterial species in the BAL and have associated them with mechanistic processes that give biological plausibility to the role of luminal infections promoting the development of IPF.2–4 

It is therefore somewhat surprising that in the study by …
Genotype-Specific Minimal Residual Disease Interpretation Improves Stratification in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: David O’Connor, Amir Enshaei, Jack Bartram, Jeremy Hancock, Christine J. Harrison, Rachael Hough, Sujith Samarasinghe, Claire Schwab, Ajay Vora, Rachel Wade, John Moppett, Anthony V. Moorman, Nick Goulden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

Purpose Minimal residual disease (MRD) and genetic abnormalities are important risk factors for outcome in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Current risk algorithms dichotomize MRD data and do not assimilate genetics when assigning MRD risk, which reduces predictive accuracy. The aim of our study was to exploit the full power of MRD by examining it as a continuous variable and to integrate it with genetics. Patients and Methods We used a population-based cohort of 3,113 patients who were treated in UKALL2003, with a median follow-up of 7 years. MRD was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction analysis of Ig/TCR gene rearrangements, and patients were assigned to a genetic subtype on the basis of immunophenotype, cytogenetics, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. To examine response kinetics at the end of induction, we log-transformed the absolute MRD value and examined its distribution across subgroups. Results MRD was log normally distributed at the end of induction. MRD distributions of patients with distinct genetic subtypes were different ( P &lt; .001). Patients with good-risk cytogenetics demonstrated the fastest disease clearance, whereas patients with high-risk genetics and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia responded more slowly. The risk of relapse was correlated with MRD kinetics, and each log reduction in disease level reduced the risk by 20% (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.83; P &lt; .001). Although the risk of relapse was directly proportional to the MRD level within each genetic risk group, absolute relapse rate that was associated with a specific MRD value or category varied significantly by genetic subtype. Integration of genetic subtype–specific MRD values allowed more refined risk group stratification. Conclusion A single threshold for assigning patients to an MRD risk group does not reflect the response kinetics of the different genetic subtypes. Future risk algorithms should integrate genetics with MRD to accurately identify patients with the lowest and highest risk of relapse.
P1.04-019 Final Analysis of Lung Microbiome from Patients Undergoing Bronchoscopy
Authors: Glen Weiss, Jill Cocking, Cherae Bilagody, Heidie Hornstra, Emily Kaufman, Daniel Nader, J. Turner, Sharad Chandrika, J. Caporaso, Paul Keim, Brandy Harmon, Heather Barilla, Talima Pearson
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Testicular Estrogen-Secreting Leydig Cell Tumor in 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Axel Van Der Gucht, Zaher Maged, Rodolfo Burruni, Jean-Luc Barras, Niklaus Schaefer
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2017)

We present images of a 50-year-old man who referred for treatment of a classic Hodgkin lymphoma. While F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated a complete metabolic remission after chemotherapy, an increased F-FDG uptake of a right testicular lesion in F-FDG PET/CT and an unexplained bilateral gynecomastia were observed. A benign Leydig cell tumor was histopathologically proved after a right radical orchiectomy. The serum estradiol level was abnormally elevated reflecting the estrogen-secreting profile. This report highlights that a focal F-FDG uptake in the testicular region with unexplained gynecomastia should suggest the diagnosis of an estrogen-secreting Leydig cell tumor on F-FDG PET/CT.
<sup>18</sup> F-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography As an Imaging Biomarker in a Prospective, Longitudinal Cohort of Patients With Large Vessel Vasculitis
Authors: Peter C. Grayson, Sara Alehashemi, Armin A. Bagheri, Ali Cahid Civelek, Thomas R. Cupps, Mariana J. Kaplan, Ashkan A. Malayeri, Peter A. Merkel, Elaine Novakovich, David A. Bluemke, Mark A. Ahlman
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2017)

Objective To assess the clinical value of 18 F‐fluorodeoxyglucose ( FDG ) positron emission tomography ( PET ) in a prospective cohort of patients with large vessel vasculitis ( LVV ) and comparator subjects. Methods Patients with Takayasu arteritis and giant cell arteritis were studied, along with a comparator group consisting of patients with hyperlipidemia, patients with diseases that mimic LVV , and healthy controls. Participants underwent clinical evaluation and FDG ‐ PET imaging, and patients with LVV underwent serial imaging at 6‐month intervals. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of FDG ‐ PET interpretation for distinguishing patients with clinically active LVV from comparator subjects and from patients with disease in clinical remission. A qualitative summary score based on global arterial FDG uptake, the PET Vascular Activity Score ( PETVAS ), was used to study associations between activity on PET scan and clinical characteristics and to predict relapse. Results A total of 170 FDG ‐ PET scans were performed in 115 participants (56 patients with LVV and 59 comparator subjects). FDG ‐ PET distinguished patients with clinically active LVV from comparator subjects with a sensitivity of 85% (95% confidence interval [95% CI ] 69, 94) and a specificity of 83% (95% CI 71, 91). FDG ‐ PET scans were interpreted as active vasculitis in most patients with LVV in clinical remission (41 of 71 [58%]). Clinical disease activity status, disease duration, body mass index, and glucocorticoid use were independently associated with activity on PET scan. Among patients who underwent PET during clinical remission, future clinical relapse was more common in patients with a high PETVAS than in those with a low PETVAS (55% versus 11%; P = 0.03) over a median follow‐up period of 15 months. Conclusion FDG ‐ PET provides information about vascular inflammation that is complementary to, and distinct from, clinical assessment in LVV . FDG ‐ PET scan activity during clinical remission was associated with future clinical relapse.
Prognostic and clinical values for prediction of breast cancer recurrence in HER2 positive early breast cancer after surgery in King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital 2005-2016
Authors: S. Prapatsornvichit, N. Parinyanitikul, T. Atikankul, S. Virote, N. Poovorawan
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Medically unexplained symptoms: (Letter 1 of 5)
Authors: A. Skinner
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2003)

The admirers of Thomas Willis are indebted to Dr O'Connor (March 2003 JRSM 1 ) for adding further evidence that Cerebri Anatome (1664) reflects the religious and political practices of mid-17th-century England.Keele previously noted that the dedication of this famous book can leave no reasonable doubt that Willis
Significant size-charge effects on the biodistribution of nanocomposites in a mouse tumor model system
Authors: Bong Seop Lee, Manabu Fujita, Natalya M. Khazenzon, Sebastian Wachsmann-Hogiu, Daniel L. Farkas, Keith L. Black, Julia Y. Ljubimova, Eggehard Holler
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

1096  Background: Nanocomposite (Guest-Host Nanodevices) are a well studied class of nanodevices with several potential medical uses. In particular, they hold great promise for the improvement of cancer imaging and therapy (Balogh L, et al, Chemistry Today 20: 35-40 (2002); Balogh L, et al, PharmaChem 2: 94-99 (2003)). The design of these nanodevices permits the host and guest properties to be individually modified and optimized. The host component consists of Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers that can be made with discrete sizes, and differing surface charges. The guest component consists in this case of elemental gold (Au). Purpose: This study determines, in the first detailed quantitative analysis, the significant effects that the manipulation of the size and surface charge of nanodevices cause on their biodistribution in a mouse melanoma tumor model system. This understanding is critical for the rational design of these devices for use in cancer imaging and treatment. Experimental Procedures: Au nanodevices were fabricated using amine and partially substituted acetamide terminated PAMAM dendrimers with gold incorporation. The gold carrying nanodevices tested include: 5 nm positive surface, and 5 nm negative surface, and 12 nm negative surface nanodevices. One million B16F10 tumor cells were injected s.c. into the dorsal surface of 8-10 week old C57BL/6J mice, and the tumors grown to greater than 500 mm3. Three tumor bearing mice were then injected with each type of nanodevices in PBS, pH 7.2. Mice were euthanized at 1 hour, and 1, 4 days post-injection, and the organs/tissues (blood, lung, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, muscle, tumor, and brain) were weighed and collected, lyophilized, and gold quantitation analysis done. Activation of Au nanodevices into Au-198 was achieved by direct neutron irradiation in aqueous solutions. Results: Charge had a significant, but different, effect on Au-Nanocomposite (guest and host) biodistribution, as it did in previous dendrimer (host only) studies (Nigavekar S et al, Pharm. Res. 21: 476-83 (2004)). 5 nm positive surface Au-nanodevice showed significantly high kidney accumulation even out to 4 days. The 5 nm negative surface Au-nanodevice showed significantly high accumulation in the liver and spleen out to 4 days. Size also had a strongly significant effect on biodistribution, with the 5nm negative surface Au nanodevice having longer blood clearance time. The 12 nm negative surface nanodevice, in comparison, showed significantly high levels in the spleen and liver over 4 days. Conclusions: Our studies show that both the size and charge of nanodevices greatly affect their biodistribution patterns in a mouse tumor model system. This has great significance for the design of all nanodevices, targeted and nontargeted, being considered for cancer imaging and therapy.
Vigilância das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, na Inglaterra e País de Gales
Authors: G Hughes, M Catchpole
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1998)

Devido a relacao particular entre a epidemiologia das doencas sexualmente transmissiveis (DST) e o comportamento humano, a vigilância das DSTs requer uma recolha de dados demograficos e comportamentais mais detalhada do que outras doencas infecciosas. Com o objectivo de fornecer informacoes baseadas na evidencia para as accoes de controlo e prevencao, a vigilância das DST deve fornecer uma avaliacao quantitativa da frequencia e distribuicao dos casos de doenca aguda, suas sequelas e estruturas medicas em que os doentes com DST sao diagnosticados e tratados. A vigilância das DST deve permitir, tambem, a deteccao de variacoes da incidencia em grupos vulneraveis pelo seu comportamento, tais como homens homossexuais e adolescentes.
Abstract 16241: Fat Infiltration Within Myocardial Infarction is Initiated by Macrophage Foam Cell Formation in the Scar Regions Containing Persistent Iron Deposits
Authors: Ivan Cokic, Avinash Kali, Hsin-Jung Yang, Richard Tang, Joseph Francis, Rohan Dharmakumar
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Fat deposition in old myocardial infarct scar is a common finding. The mechanism of this fatty infiltration has conventionally been attributed to the process of “lipomatous metaplasia...
Implications for the future of palliative care for pancreatic cancer: A retrospective institutional study.
Authors: Alina Basnet, Wajihuddin Syed, Shreya Sinha, Rashad Khan, Pallavi Kopparthy, Bhaskara Reddy Madhira, Danning Huang, Sheila M. Lemke
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

153 Background: Five year overall survival rate for localized and metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is discouraging at 31.5% and 2.7%, respectively. Evidence supports that early palliative care (PC) involvement leads to better quality of life and prolongs OS. Referral to PC is often delayed as it is perceived as an alternative rather than adjunctive care. We conducted a retrospective study to identify different variables that affect PC consultation among patients (pts) with PAC admitted to the hospital and to study the impact of health care utilizations on OS. Methods: A retrospective medical record review of pts with PAC diagnosed/treated at SUNY Upstate University hospital was conducted (2011-2015). Variables like age, sex, race, stage at diagnosis, insurance status, performance status (PS), frequency of hospital admissions, nights spent, procedure visits, blood products used, and time variable to PC referral from diagnosis were collected. OS was calculated using Kaplan Meier analysis. Results: We identified 325 pts with diagnosis of PAC. 86.72% pts had one or more hospital admissions during course of their illness and of these, 15.85% saw PC during initial inpatient admission. 36.23% saw PC later in the course of their illness and 13.96% pts were offered palliative care in first outpatient visit. Median time interval to see palliative care was 75 days (d) from diagnosis, with 25% pts seeing PC 304d from diagnosis. Variables that had significant impact on early palliative care encounter (0-30d) were age &gt; 70, stage IV at diagnosis, PS of 4, medicare insurance, offered PC in first visit (p&lt; 0.001). OS was not statistically significant between groups who had ≥ 1 vs 0 blood products given, &lt; 3 vs ≥ 3 hospital admissions, ≤ 13 vs &gt; 13 nights spent, ≥ 1 vs 0 procedures done, ≤ 3 vs &gt; 3 consults service seen. Median OS for pts with time interval to see PC 0-30d vs &gt; 120d was 33d and 510d respectively with adjusted hazard ratio of 6.252 (95% CI 3.462-11.29). Conclusions: We demonstrated that PC is underutilized with only minority of pts benefiting from it during their cancer treatment. OS was poor in group evaluated by palliative care early than late which could be due to patients with advanced disease and poor PS being referred early.
Letter by Natale et al Regarding Article, “Predicting Cardiovascular Events in Familial Hypercholesterolemia: The SAFEHEART Registry (Spanish Familial Hypercholesterolemia Cohort Study)”
Authors: Francesco Natale, Marco Di Maio, Paolo Calabrò
Journal: Circulation (2017)

We appreciated the article titled "Predicting Cardiovascular Events in Familial Hypercholesterolemia: The SAFEHEART Registry (Spanish Familial Hypercholesterolemia Cohort Study)," recently published in Circulation by Pérez de Isla et al. 1 As the authors state, patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) have a 3-to 13-fold greater risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease than individuals without FH.Therefore, patients with FH had a much higher than variable risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.Thus, in this article, the authors developed a model for predicting incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among patients with FH.Unfortunately, despite the relatively high frequency and the considerable cardiovascular risk, FH is, to date, underdiagnosed, 2 so too many patients remain exposed to the worst risk factor, the ignorance regarding their disease.In coronary care units, among patients with acute coronary syndromes (especially those with early onset), FH is not rare, 3 and cardiologists intercept several patients with possible FH.Then, their role is crucial in recognizing affected patients otherwise unrecognized.Hence, cardiologists should take greater care in the diagnosis, and then in family screening, understanding the so-called cascade screening.In this context, although the lipidologist could be viewed as the hunter of patients with FH, the cardiologist, who uses patients with acute coronary syndromes as bait, could be viewed as the angler.Accordingly, working on 2 different sides, only together can they be fully effective to reduce the ignorance regarding this disease.The 10-year cardiovascular death risk categories have already been defined in 2016 European Society of Cardiology guidelines on dyslipidemias (low if risk is <1%, moderate risk if ≥1% and <5%, high risk if ≥5% and <10%, and very high risk if ≥10%).We ask the authors if these risk levels could be shared for this subset of patients to suggest risk-based intervention strategies.
Abstract 1648: Framingham Risk Score is Poorly Associated With Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis: Results From Firefighter Heart Disease Prevention Project
Authors: Lakshmana K Pendyala, Radhika R Gadesam, Catherine Skrifvars, Brenda Garrett, Steve Frohwein, Andrew Huang, Kathryn Momary, David Dusik, H Robert Superko
Journal: Circulation (2009)

BACKGROUND: Framingham risk scores (FRS) are used to estimate the 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in individuals. Non-invasive assessment of subclinical atherosclerosis by means of carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) could improve patients’ risk stratification even though it is not part of current guidelines.  OBJECTIVE: We examined the distribution of FRS scores of cIMT positive and negative individuals. We hypothesize that FRS underestimates the early carotid atherosclerotic risk in firefighters.  METHODS: We studied 159 male firefighters (age, 47±5 yrs) without known coronary, peripheral, or cerebral vascular disease. Each participant underwent clinical and serologic risk factor screening and cIMT with high resolution ultrasound. Abnormal cIMT was defined as intimal thicking ≥0.9 mm  RESULTS: Out of 159 firefighters 30 (19%) had evidence of early atherosclerosis by cIMT. Of these 30 positive cIMT firefighters 19 (63%) had low risk FRS (0 –10%), 11 (30%) had moderate risk FRS (10 –20%) and 2 (7%) had high risk FRS (>20). Between high risk and low to moderate risk groups while this represents a stellar false negative rate is 93% even though excellent false positive rate of 0%.  CONCLUSIONS: In this age-homogeneous, low-risk screening cohort, FRS underestimated the presence of premature, subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. In our observations, a large number of firefighters with low to moderate Framingham risk scores who are not currently treated to the maximal goals have already have evidence of early carotid atherosclerosis.