Abstract IA12: NCI's patient-derived cancer models repository
Authors: James H. Doroshow
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2016)

Abstract National Cancer Institute is developing a national repository of patient-derived cancer models (PDMs) comprised of clinically-annotated patient-derived xenografts (PDXs); patient-derived tumor cell cultures (PDCs, including conditionally-reprogrammed tumor cell cultures) prepared from primary and metastatic tumors, circulating tumor cells (CTCs), and/or PDXs; tumor cell lysates, DNA, and RNA; and cancer-associated fibroblast cell lines (CAFs, autologous when possible) to serve as a resource for academic discovery efforts and public-private partnerships for drug discovery. NCI will provide a long-term home for &amp;gt;1000 PDX and PDC models, each produced from tissues and blood supplied by NCI-designated Cancer Centers and NCI-supported clinical trials networks. The effort is targeting the collection of tumors that are less prevalent in current resources, such as: small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, head and neck cancers, as well as sarcomas and melanomas. The goals of the project are: (1) to develop a minimum of ~50 unique patient models (both PDXs and PDCs) per disease such that the size of each molecularly-characterized subgroup is useful for subsequent validation and/or efficacy studies; (2) to perform comprehensive pre-competitive molecular characterization of patient samples and earliest passage PDXs and PDCs that includes the NCI-MPACT mutation panel, WES, RNASeq, copy number determination, histology, growth curves, and pilot proteomic/phospho-proteomic studies; and (3) to make all models and associated pre-clinical and clinical data available through a publicly available website. To date, over 1700 specimens from 1100 patients have been received for the development of PDMs; the overall take rate for PDXs originating from solid tumors is 70% with &amp;gt;170 assessable models and another 270 early passage tumors currently in evaluation. As expected, based on collection priorities, tumors of genitourinary, digestive, head and neck, musculoskeletal, respiratory, and skin origin are the major histological sites of origin for our PDX models. In addition, over 90 conditionally-reprogrammed cell lines have been expanded from both 18-gauge needle biopsies and surgical resections, and have passed initial quality control procedures; many of these cell cultures have a matched PDX. Over 150 CAF lines have been developed following repeated (&amp;gt;10) purification steps using flow cytometry and are in the process of quality control procedures that demonstrate complete lack of growth in NOD-SCID gamma IL2 receptor null (NSG) mice; of these CAFs, we have developed matched pairs of PDCs and CAFs from the same patient in 16 cases. To evaluate the potential utility of the NCI PDM Repository, we have prospectively “entered” 22 models in a pre-clinical trial for which eligibility (based on actionable mutations) and treatment arms are identical to those in the NCI-MPACT study (NCT01827384). Multiple objective responses (significant improvement in overall survival) have been observed in all arms of the study and in a variety of models. WES and RNASeq analysis have proven essential to explain the therapeutic responses that we have observed. We are also evaluating the relationship of in vitro and in vivo activity for the NCI-MPACT drug panel in the models where concurrent PDCs and PDXs have been produced. A web site has been developed that will provide annotated information on the models (such as DNA sequence, gene expression, prior therapy) to investigators to assist in the distribution of the contents of the repository to the research community. We expect to be able to begin distribution in late spring of 2016. Citation Format: James H. Doroshow. NCI's patient-derived cancer models repository. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Patient-Derived Cancer Models: Present and Future Applications from Basic Science to the Clinic; Feb 11-14, 2016; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2016;22(16_Suppl):Abstract nr IA12.