tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular screening of Olympic athletes reported by chief medical officers of the Rio 2016 Olympic Games
Authors: Brett G Toresdahl, Irfan M Asif, Scott A Rodeo, Daphne I Ling, Cindy J Chang
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2018)

The IOC recommends periodic cardiovascular screening of athletes, but the adoption of these recommendations is unknown. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate and compare cardiovascular screening practices of countries participating in the Rio 2016 Olympic Games.A list of chief medical officers (CMOs) was compiled by the IOC during the 2016 Olympic Games. CMOs were requested to complete an online survey about cardiovascular screening of their countries' Olympic athletes. Comparisons of screening practices were made by categorising countries by continent, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and size of athlete delegation.CMOs for 117/207 (56.5%) countries participating in the 2016 Olympic Games were identified. 94/117 countries (80.3%) completed the survey, representing 45.4% of all countries and 8805/11 358 (77.5%) of all 2016 Olympic athletes. Most of the countries surveyed (70.2%) perform annual cardiovascular screening. Among the survey respondents, all or most athletes from each country were screened at least once with the following components: personal history (86.2% of countries), family history (85.1%), physical examination (87.2%), resting ECG (74.5%), echocardiogram (31.9%) and stress test (30.8%). Athletes were more likely to be screened with ECG in countries with relatively larger athlete delegation (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.10 to 3.80, p=0.023) and with higher GDP per capita (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.11 to 2.57, p=0.014).Most of the responding countries perform annual cardiovascular screening of Olympic athletes, but there are differences in the components used. Athletes from countries with larger athlete delegations and higher GDP per capita were more likely to be screened with ECG.
Exceptional microorganisms on blood smear
Authors: Madeleine Rousseaux, Marion Duprilot, Frédérique Maire, Emmanuelle de Raucourt
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2018)

A 67-year-old woman with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma was referred for acute respiratory distress syndrome and severe sepsis. She had a totally implantable central venous access device for chemotherapy administration and home parenteral nutrition. Laboratory workup at admission revealed increased C-reactive protein (209 mg/L), mild normocytic anemia (hemoglobin 8.6 g/dL), and severe acute thrombocytopenia (platelet count 3 × 109/L, as compared to 257 × 109/L 8 days before). White blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, and blood smear were normal. Laboratory tests excluded disseminated intravascular coagulation. The patient was treated with cefotaxime and metronidazole. Forty-eight hours later, blood smear examination done on a sample taken through the intravenous line revealed yeasts (Image 1, panels A-E-B-D). Moreover, some bacilli were also observed (Image 1, panels C-E). Yeasts and budding yeasts in monocyte and neutrophil cytoplasm, extracellular branching pseudohyphae (arrow, respectively panels A-E-B-D May–Grünwald–Giemsa stain, original magnification 100× and 20×). Extra- and intracellular bacilli (arrowhead, respectively panels C-E, May–Grünwald–Giemsa stain, original magnification 100×) This exceptional observation of microorganisms on blood smear led to microbiological tests, identifying Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Severe thrombocytopenia was most likely related to severe sepsis. The patient was admitted to a palliative care unit. Nothing to report.
Brief Report: Risk of Childhood Rheumatic and Nonrheumatic Autoimmune Diseases in Children Born to Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Julie Couture, Sasha Bernatsky, Susan Scott, Christian A. Pineau, Evelyne Vinet
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2018)

Several autoimmune diseases have familial aggregation and, possibly, common genetic predispositions. In a large population-based study, we evaluated whether children born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an increased risk of rheumatic and nonrheumatic autoimmune diseases versus children born to mothers without SLE.Using the Offspring of SLE Mothers Registry, we identified children born live to SLE mothers and their matched controls, and ascertained autoimmune diseases based on ≥1 hospitalization or ≥2 physician visits with a relevant diagnostic code. We adjusted for maternal age, education, race/ethnicity, obstetric complications, calendar birth year, and sex of child.A total of 509 women with SLE had 719 children, while 5,824 matched controls had 8,493 children. The mean ± SD follow-up period was 9.1 ± 5.8 years. Children born to mothers with SLE had a similar frequency of rheumatic autoimmune diagnoses (0.14%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.01-0.90) versus controls (0.19% [95% CI 0.11-0.32]). There was a trend toward more nonrheumatic autoimmune diseases in SLE offspring (1.11% [95% CI 0.52-2.27]) versus controls (0.48% [95% CI 0.35-0.66]). In multivariate analyses, we did not see a clear increase in rheumatic autoimmune disease (odds ratio [OR] 0.71 [95% CI 0.11-4.82]), but children born to mothers with SLE had a substantially increased risk of nonrheumatic autoimmune disease versus controls (OR 2.30 [95% CI 1.06-5.03]).Although the vast majority of offspring have no autoimmune disease, children born to women with SLE may have an increased risk of nonrheumatic autoimmune diseases versus controls. Additional studies assessing offspring through to adulthood would be additionally enlightening.
Neighboring cells override 3D hydrogel matrix cues to drive human MSC quiescence
Authors: Silvia A. Ferreira, Peter A. Faull, Alexis J. Seymour, Tracy T.L. Yu, Sandra Loaiza, Holger W. Auner, Ambrosius P. Snijders, Eileen Gentleman
Journal: Biomaterials (2018)

Physical properties of modifiable hydrogels can be tuned to direct stem cell differentiation in a role akin to that played by the extracellular matrix in native stem cell niches. However, stem cells do not respond to matrix cues in isolation, but rather integrate soluble and non-soluble signals to balance quiescence, self-renewal and differentiation. Here, we encapsulated single cell suspensions of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) in hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels at high and low densities to unravel the contributions of matrix- and non-matrix-mediated cues in directing stem cell response. We show that in high-density (HD) cultures, hMSC do not rely on hydrogel cues to guide their fate. Instead, they take on characteristics of quiescent cells and secrete a glycoprotein-rich pericellular matrix (PCM) in response to signaling from neighboring cells. Preventing quiescence precluded the formation of a glycoprotein-rich PCM and forced HD cultures to differentiate in response to hydrogel composition. Our observations may have important implications for tissue engineering as neighboring cells may act counter to matrix cues provided by scaffolds. Moreover, as stem cells are most regenerative if activated from a quiescent state, our results suggest that ex vivo native-like niches that incorporate signaling from neighboring cells may enable the production of clinically relevant, highly regenerative cells.
Monocyte-derived IL-1 and IL-6 are differentially required for cytokine-release syndrome and neurotoxicity due to CAR T cells
Authors: Margherita Norelli, Barbara Camisa, Giulia Barbiera, Laura Falcone, Ayurzana Purevdorj, Marco Genua, Francesca Sanvito, Maurilio Ponzoni, Claudio Doglioni, Patrizia Cristofori, Catia Traversari, Claudio Bordignon, Fabio Ciceri, Renato Ostuni, Chiara Bonini, Monica Casucci, Attilio Bondanza
Journal: Nature Medicine (2018)
The critical chemical and mechanical regulation of folic acid on neural engineering
Authors: Gloria B. Kim, Yongjie Chen, Weibo Kang, Jinshan Guo, Russell Payne, Hui Li, Qiong Wei, Julianne Baker, Cheng Dong, Sulin Zhang, Pak Kin Wong, Elias B. Rizk, Jiazhi Yan, Jian Yang
Journal: Biomaterials (2018)
HP1γ Promotes Lung Adenocarcinoma by Downregulating the Transcription-Repressive Regulators NCOR2 and ZBTB7A
Authors: Hunain Alam, Na Li, Shilpa S. Dhar, Sarah J. Wu, Jie Lv, Kaifu Chen, Elsa R. Flores, Laura Baseler, Min Gyu Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Lung adenocarcinoma is a major form of lung cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer death. Histone methylation reader proteins mediate the effect of histone methylation, a hallmark of epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of gene expression. However, their roles in lung adenocarcinoma are poorly understood. Here, our bioinformatic screening and analysis in search of a lung adenocarcinoma-promoting histone methylation reader protein show that heterochromatin protein 1γ (HP1γ; also called CBX3) is among the most frequently overexpressed and amplified histone reader proteins in human lung adenocarcinoma, and that high HP1γ mRNA levels are associated with poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. In vivo depletion of HP1γ reduced K-RasG12D-driven lung adenocarcinoma and lengthened survival of mice bearing K-RasG12D-induced lung adenocarcinoma. HP1γ and its binding activity to methylated histone H3 lysine 9 were required for the proliferation, colony formation, and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells. HP1γ directly repressed expression of the transcription-repressive regulators NCOR2 and ZBTB7A. Knockdown of NCOR2 or ZBTB7A significantly restored defects in proliferation, colony formation, and migration in HP1γ-depleted lung adenocarcinoma cells. Low NCOR2 or ZBTB7A mRNA levels were associated with poor prognosis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma and correlated with high HP1γ mRNA levels in lung adenocarcinoma samples. NCOR2 and ZBTB7A downregulated expression of tumor-promoting factors such as ELK1 and AXL, respectively. These findings highlight the importance of HP1γ and its reader activity in lung adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis and reveal a unique lung adenocarcinoma-promoting mechanism in which HP1γ downregulates NCOR2 and ZBTB7A to enhance expression of protumorigenic genes.Significance: Direct epigenetic repression of the transcription-repressive regulators NCOR2 and ZBTB7A by the histone reader protein HP1γ leads to activation of protumorigenic genes in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res; 78(14); 3834-48. ©2018 AACR.
Associations Between Prediagnostic Concentrations of Circulating Sex Steroid Hormones and Esophageal/Gastric Cardia Adenocarcinoma Among Men
Authors: Jessica L Petrick, Paula L Hyland, Patrick Caron, Roni T Falk, Ruth M Pfeiffer, Sanford M Dawsey, Christian C Abnet, Philip R Taylor, Stephanie J Weinstein, Demetrius Albanes, Neal D Freedman, Susan M Gapstur, Gary Bradwin, Chantal Guillemette, Peter T Campbell, Michael B Cook
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2018)

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) are characterized by a strong male predominance. Concentrations of sex steroid hormones have been hypothesized to explain this sex disparity. However, no prospective population-based study has examined sex steroid hormones in relation to EA/GCA risk. Thus, we investigated whether prediagnostic circulating sex steroid hormone concentrations were associated with EA/GCA in a nested case-control study drawn from participants in three prospective cohort studies.Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, we quantitated sex steroid hormones and sex hormone binding globulin, respectively, in serum from 259 EA/GCA male case participants and 259 matched male control participants from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study, and Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between circulating hormones and EA/GCA risk. All statistical tests were two-sided.Higher concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were associated with a 38% decreased risk of EA/GCA (OR per unit increase in log2 DHEA = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.47 to 0.82, Ptrend = .001). Higher estradiol concentrations were associated with a 34% reduced risk of EA/GCA (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.45 to 0.98, Ptrend = .05), and the association with free estradiol was similar. No other associations between baseline hormone concentrations and future EA/GCA risk were observed.This study provides the first evidence that higher concentrations of circulating DHEA, estradiol, and free estradiol may be associated with lower risks of EA/GCA in men.
Case 16-2018: A 45-Year-Old Man with Fever, Thrombocytopenia, and Elevated Aminotransferase Levels
Authors: Kimiyoshi J. Kobayashi, Ana A. Weil, John A. Branda
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

A 45-year-old man from New England presented with fever, thrombocytopenia, and elevated aminotransferase levels several months after he had visited Mexico. A circular skin lesion with a central scab was noted below the left lateral malleolus. Diagnostic tests were performed.
How to avoid common problems when using ClinicalTrials.gov in research: 10 issues to consider
Authors: Tony Tse, Kevin M Fain, Deborah A Zarin
Journal: BMJ (2018)

ClinicalTrials.gov, a repository of information about clinical studies and their results, together with specialised search tools, provides a unique window into the clinical research enterprise, which includes all initiated, ongoing, and completed or terminated clinical studies. Researchers are increasingly using information from the database to assess research reporting practices, or to characterise the clinical research enterprise. Conducting valid analyses requires an understanding of both the capabilities and limitations of the database (that is, intrinsic factors) as well as reporting policies and other factors external to the database that influence the types of studies in ClinicalTrials.gov in a specified time. This article discusses 10 key issues that researchers need to consider when using the database to conduct research.
TEC – Some problems and some prospects
Authors: Julian Hochberg
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

The Theory of Event Coding (TEC) is a significant contribution to the study of purposeful perceptual behavior, and can be made more so by recognizing a major context (the work of Tolman, Liberman, Neisser); some significant problems (tightening predictions and defining distal stimuli); and an extremely important area of potential application (ongoing anticipation and perceptual inquiry, as in reading and movies).
Abstract 359: The Production of Acellular Cardiac Extracellular Matrix from P3 Murine Heart
Authors: Stefan M Kren, Daniel J Garry, Mary G Garry
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

Introduction: Understanding the role of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the creation of the cellular microenvironment during tissue formation and regeneration could be vital in extending this capability to injured adult tissue. To date the only confirmed mammalian heart tissue regeneration/regrowth has been in neonatal murine heart, with the regenerative capacity ceasing after day P3. By focusing on ECM from P3 heart tissue we hope to elucidate its contribution to regenerative plasticity and transfer this capacity to injured adult myocardium. Hypothesis: Detergent decellularization protocols used in adult tissues can be modified to function on a neonatal scale, serving to remove the cellular components of the neonatal heart, leaving structurally intact ECM to serve as a scaffold for the generation of cardiac tissue equivalents. Materials and Methods: Murine P3 hearts were perfused with 1% SDS in water at 20mm Hg for 12 hrs. Following detergent decellularization, perfusion with water, 1% Triton X-100, PBS and culture media restored biocompatibility to the isolated ECM. P1 and P7 primary cardiomyocytes expressing the mCherry red fluorescent protein reporter under control of the alpha myosin promoter were isolated by enzymatic disassociation and cultured in the heart matrix in a perfusion based bioreactor. Results: The decellularized ECM demonstrated removal of 97% of native DNA when compared to control by pico-green dsDNA binding assay. Histologic analysis demonstrated an absence of cell nuclei by H &amp; E and DAPI staining. The preservation of the matrix structure and the maintenance of matrix immunoreactivity (collagen IV) were also demonstrated histologically. Following infusion of P1 or P7 mCherry positive cells, contractile behavior of the recellularized heart constructs was observed, and markers of cardiac linage (alpha-actinin in mCherry positive cells) were present. Conclusions: Neonatal heart matrix can be effectively decellularized. With appropriate modification of perfusion parameters, pediatric ECM structure can be preserved. This isolated matrix can serve as a scaffold for growth and maintenance of immature and mature cardiomyocytes, supporting continued contractility of cultured cells.
Sphingosine 1‐Phosphate Receptor 1 Signaling Maintains Endothelial Cell Barrier Function and Protects Against Immune Complex–Induced Vascular Injury
Authors: Nathalie Burg, Steven Swendeman, Stefan Worgall, Timothy Hla, Jane E. Salmon
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2018)

Objective Immune complex ( IC ) deposition activates polymorphonuclear neutrophils ( PMN s), increases vascular permeability, and leads to organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. The bioactive lipid sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P), acting via S1P receptor 1 (S1P 1 ), is a key regulator of endothelial cell ( EC ) barrier function. This study was undertaken to investigate whether augmenting EC integrity via S1P 1 signaling attenuates inflammatory injury mediated by IC s. Methods In vitro barrier function was assessed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells ( HUVEC s) by electrical cell‐substrate impedance sensing. Phosphorylation of myosin light chain 2 (p– MLC ‐2) and VE ‐cadherin staining in HUVEC s were assessed by immunofluorescence. A reverse Arthus reaction ( RAR ) was induced in the skin and lungs of mice with S1P 1 deleted from EC s (S1P 1 EC ‐knockout [ ECKO ] mice) and mice treated with S1P 1 agonists and antagonists. Results S1P 1 agonists prevented loss of barrier function in HUVEC s treated with IC ‐activated PMN s. S1P 1 ECKO and wild‐type ( WT ) mice treated with S1P 1 antagonists had amplified RAR , whereas specific S1P 1 agonists attenuated skin and lung RAR in WT mice. ApoM‐Fc, a novel S1P chaperone, mitigated EC cell barrier dysfunction induced by activated PMN s in vitro and attenuated lung RAR . Expression levels of p– MLC ‐2 and disruption of VE ‐cadherin, each representing manifestations of cell contraction and destabilization of adherens junctions, respectively, that were induced by activated PMN s, were markedly reduced by treatment with S1P 1 agonists and ApoM‐Fc. Conclusion Our findings indicate that S1P 1 signaling in EC s modulates vascular responses to IC deposition. S1P 1 agonists and ApoM‐Fc enhance the EC barrier, limit leukocyte escape from capillaries, and provide protection against inflammatory injury. The S1P/S1P 1 axis is a newly identified target to attenuate tissue responses to IC deposition and mitigate end‐organ damage.
Promises to treat more patients at home fail to materialise as community services report cuts
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Funding for NHS community services is continuing to fall despite government pledges to prioritise services that help people to stay in their homes, an organisation that represents NHS trusts have warned.

The report from NHS Providers found that the expansion of community services envisaged by successive governments had not materialised because of underfunding and failure to prioritise developments at both national and local level.1

A survey of NHS trust leaders for the report found that more than half (52%) of community trusts …
As Overdoses Climb, Emergency Departments Begin Treating Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prenatal vs Infant Vitamin D Supplementation and the Risk of Wheezing in Childhood
Authors: Frank R. Greer
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Therapeutic targeting of cathepsin C: from pathophysiology to treatment
Authors: Brice Korkmaz, George H. Caughey, Iain Chapple, Francis Gauthier, Josefine Hirschfeld, Dieter E. Jenne, Ralph Kettritz, Gilles Lalmanach, Anne-Sophie Lamort, Conni Lauritzen, Monika Łȩgowska, Adam Lesner, Sylvain Marchand-Adam, Sarah J. McKaig, Celia Moss, John Pedersen, Helen Roberts, Adrian Schreiber, Seda Seren, Nalin S. Thakker
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2018)
From objectivized morality to objective morality
Authors: Joseph Jebari, Bryce Huebner
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2018)

Abstract Stanford holds that the externalization and objectivization of moral judgments are what sustain human cooperative lifeways. We reply that the central function of human moral psychology is to track and respond to the structural features of our social environment, and we argue that moral obligations are grounded in the relationship between individual agents and the stability of their social groups.