tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Open Resource for Non-human Primate Imaging
Authors: Michael P. Milham, Lei Ai, Bonhwang Koo, Ting Xu, Céline Amiez, Fabien Balezeau, Mark G. Baxter, Erwin L.A. Blezer, Thomas Brochier, Aihua Chen, Paula L. Croxson, Christienne G. Damatac, Stanislas Dehaene, Stefan Everling, Damian A. Fair, Lazar Fleysher, Winrich Freiwald, Sean Froudist-Walsh, Timothy D. Griffiths, Carole Guedj, Fadila Hadj-Bouziane, Suliann Ben Hamed, Noam Harel, Bassem Hiba, Bechir Jarraya, Benjamin Jung, Sabine Kastner, P. Christiaan Klink, Sze Chai Kwok, Kevin N. Laland, David A. Leopold, Patrik Lindenfors, Rogier B. Mars, Ravi S. Menon, Adam Messinger, Martine Meunier, Kelvin Mok, John H. Morrison, Jennifer Nacef, Jamie Nagy, Michael Ortiz Rios, Christopher I. Petkov, Mark Pinsk, Colline Poirier, Emmanuel Procyk, Reza Rajimehr, Simon M. Reader, Pieter R. Roelfsema, David A. Rudko, Matthew F.S. Rushworth, Brian E. Russ, Jerome Sallet, Michael Christoph Schmid, Caspar M. Schwiedrzik, Jakob Seidlitz, Julien Sein, Amir Shmuel, Elinor L. Sullivan, Leslie Ungerleider, Alexander Thiele, Orlin S. Todorov, Doris Tsao, Zheng Wang, Charles R.E. Wilson, Essa Yacoub, Frank Q. Ye, Wilbert Zarco, Yong-di Zhou, Daniel S. Margulies, Charles E. Schroeder
Journal: Neuron (2018)

Non-human primate neuroimaging is a rapidly growing area of research that promises to transform and scale translational and cross-species comparative neuroscience. Unfortunately, the technological and methodological advances of the past two decades have outpaced the accrual of data, which is particularly challenging given the relatively few centers that have the necessary facilities and capabilities. The PRIMatE Data Exchange (PRIME-DE) addresses this challenge by aggregating independently acquired non-human primate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets and openly sharing them via the International Neuroimaging Data-sharing Initiative (INDI). Here, we present the rationale, design, and procedures for the PRIME-DE consortium, as well as the initial release, consisting of 25 independent data collections aggregated across 22 sites (total = 217 non-human primates). We also outline the unique pitfalls and challenges that should be considered in the analysis of non-human primate MRI datasets, including providing automated quality assessment of the contributed datasets.
Single-Cell RNA-seq Reveals a Subpopulation of Prostate Cancer Cells with Enhanced Cell-Cycle–Related Transcription and Attenuated Androgen Response
Authors: Aaron M. Horning, Yao Wang, Che-Kuang Lin, Anna D. Louie, Rohit R. Jadhav, Chia-Nung Hung, Chiou-Miin Wang, Chun-Lin Lin, Nameer B. Kirma, Michael A. Liss, Addanki P. Kumar, LuZhe Sun, Zhijie Liu, Wei-Ting Chao, Qianben Wang, Victor X. Jin, Chun-Liang Chen, Tim H.-M. Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Increasing evidence suggests the presence of minor cell subpopulations in prostate cancer that are androgen independent and poised for selection as dominant clones after androgen deprivation therapy. In this study, we investigated this phenomenon by stratifying cell subpopulations based on transcriptome profiling of 144 single LNCaP prostate cancer cells treated or untreated with androgen after cell-cycle synchronization. Model-based clustering of 397 differentially expressed genes identified eight potential subpopulations of LNCaP cells, revealing a previously unappreciable level of cellular heterogeneity to androgen stimulation. One subpopulation displayed stem-like features with a slower cell doubling rate, increased sphere formation capability, and resistance to G2–M arrest induced by a mitosis inhibitor. Advanced growth of this subpopulation was associated with enhanced expression of 10 cell-cycle–related genes (CCNB2, DLGAP5, CENPF, CENPE, MKI67, PTTG1, CDC20, PLK1, HMMR, and CCNB1) and decreased dependence upon androgen receptor signaling. In silico analysis of RNA-seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas further demonstrated that concordant upregulation of these genes was linked to recurrent prostate cancers. Analysis of receiver operating characteristic curves implicates aberrant expression of these genes and could be useful for early identification of tumors that subsequently develop biochemical recurrence. Moreover, this single-cell approach provides a better understanding of how prostate cancer cells respond heterogeneously to androgen deprivation therapies and reveals characteristics of subpopulations resistant to this treatment. Significance: Illustrating the challenge in treating cancers with targeted drugs, which by selecting for drug resistance can drive metastatic progression, this study characterized the plasticity and heterogeneity of prostate cancer cells with regard to androgen dependence, defining the character or minor subpopulations of androgen-independent cells that are poised for clonal selection after androgen-deprivation therapy. Cancer Res; 78(4); 853–64. ©2017 AACR.
Neonatal hyperoxia promotes asthma-like features through IL-33–dependent ILC2 responses
Authors: In Su Cheon, Young Min Son, Li Jiang, Nicholas P. Goplen, Mark H. Kaplan, Andrew H. Limper, Hirohito Kita, Sophie Paczesny, Y.S. Prakash, Robert Tepper, Shawn K. Ahlfeld, Jie Sun
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2017)
Interim monitoring for non-inferiority trials: minimizing patient exposure to inferior therapies
Authors: E.L. Korn, B. Freidlin
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)

<h3>Abstract</h3> The goal of a non-inferiority randomized trial is to demonstrate that an experimental treatment is not unacceptably worse than a standard treatment. The experimental treatment is known to have less toxicity or other quality-of-life benefits when compared with the standard treatment, so that a small decrement in efficacy would be acceptable. Interim monitoring of randomized trials is used to stop trials early if the conclusions of the trial become definitive early. In the context of a non-inferiority trial, of special interest is stopping a trial early when the experimental treatment is inferior to the standard treatment. Methods for performing interim monitoring of non-inferiority trials are reviewed for their ability to minimize patient exposure to inferior experimental treatments. Examples of trials from the literature are discussed along with a computer simulation of a simple non-inferiority monitoring rule. Interim monitoring for non-inferiority trials is shown to substantially reduce the exposure of patients to inferior therapies when, in fact, the experimental treatment is inferior to the standard treatment. Interim monitoring rules typically used in superiority trials may be sub-optimal for non-inferiority trials, and may unnecessarily expose patients to inferior therapies. Examples of trials with inferior experimental arms and trials with sub-optimal monitoring rules are given. Appropriate interim monitoring of non-inferiority trials can reduce the exposure of patients to inferior therapies when the experimental treatment is inferior to the standard treatment.
Influenza vaccine indication during anticancer therapy with immune-checkpoint inhibitors: A transversal challenge for patient’s counselling – preliminary analysis of the INVIDIa study
Authors: M. Bersanelli, P. Castrignanò, E. Gambale, A. Cortellini, M. Tiseo, C. Natoli, C. Ficorella, S. Panni, S. Rossetti, A. Papa, F. Mazzoni, G. Facchini, U. De Giorgi, G. Procopio, F. Atzori, T. Sava, E. De Luca, A. Maestri, F. Massari, S. Buti
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Erratum: Tuberous Sclerosis-Associated Neoplasms Express Activated p42/44 Mitogen-Activated Protein (MAP) Kinase, and Inhibition of MAP Kinase Signaling Results in Decreased in Vivo Tumor Growth (Clinical Cancer Research (August 15, 2003) 19:9 (3469-3475))
Authors: B. Govindarajan, M. C. Mizesko, M. S. Miller, H. Onda, M. Nunnelley, K. Casper, D. Brat, C. Cohen, J. L. Arbiser
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2003)
Hair Loss in a Young Child
Authors: Hadley Pearson, Allison R. Cruse, Stephanie Jacks
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Modern contraceptive use, unmet need, and demand satisfied among women of reproductive age who are married or in a union in the focus countries of the Family Planning 2020 initiative: a systematic analysis using the Family Planning Estimation Tool
Authors: Niamh Cahill, Emily Sonneveldt, John Stover, Michelle Weinberger, Jessica Williamson, Chuchu Wei, Win Brown, Leontine Alkema
Journal: The Lancet (2017)

The London Summit on Family Planning in 2012 inspired the Family Planning 2020 (FP2020) initiative and the 120×20 goal of having an additional 120 million women and adolescent girls become users of modern contraceptives in 69 of the world's poorest countries by the year 2020. Working towards achieving 120 × 20 is crucial for ultimately achieving the Sustainable Development Goals of universal access and satisfying demand for reproductive health. Thus, a performance assessment is required to determine countries' progress.An updated version of the Family Planning Estimation Tool (FPET) was used to construct estimates and projections of the modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR), unmet need for, and demand satisfied with modern methods of contraception among women of reproductive age who are married or in a union in the focus countries of the FP2020 initiative. We assessed current levels of family planning indicators and changes between 2012 and 2017. A counterfactual analysis was used to assess if recent levels of mCPR exceeded pre-FP2020 expectations.In 2017, the mCPR among women of reproductive age who are married or in a union in the FP2020 focus countries was 45·7% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 42·4-49·1), unmet need for modern methods was 21·6% (19·7-23·9), and the demand satisfied with modern methods was 67·9% (64·4-71·1). Between 2012 and 2017 the number of women of reproductive age who are married or in a union who use modern methods increased by 28·8 million (95% UI 5·8-52·5). At the regional level, Asia has seen the mCPR among women of reproductive age who are married or in a union grow from 51·0% (95% UI 48·5-53·4) to 51·8% (47·3-56·5) between 2012 and 2017, which is slow growth, particularly when compared with a change from 23·9% (22·9-25·0) to 28·5% (26·8-30·2) across Africa. At the country level, based on a counterfactual analysis, we found that 61% of the countries that have made a commitment to FP2020 exceeded pre-FP2020 expectations for modern contraceptive use. Country success stories include rapid increases in Kenya, Mozambique, Malawi, Lesotho, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Chad relative to what was expected in 2012.Whereas the estimate of additional users up to 2017 for women of reproductive age who are married or in a union would suggest that the 120 × 20 goal for all women is overly ambitious, the aggregate outcomes mask the diversity in progress at the country level. We identified countries with accelerated progress, that provide inspiration and guidance on how to increase the use of family planning and inform future efforts, especially in countries where progress has been poor.The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, through grant support to the University of Massachusetts Amherst and Avenir Health.
Replacing lymphodepleting preconditioning with an oncolytic adenovirus coding for tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-2 in adoptive cell therapy
Authors: J.M. Santos, V. Cervera-Carrascon, R. Havunen, S. Zafar, M. Siurala, S. Sorsa, M. Anttila, A. Hemminki
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with psoriasis: a consequence of systemic inflammatory burden?
Authors: R.B. Prussick, L. Miele
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2017)

Patients with psoriasis are at an increased risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) compared with the general population. However, the pathophysiology underlying this comorbidity and elucidation of effective treatment strategies are unclear. This review provides insights into the possible role of chronic, low‐grade inflammation in the pathogenesis of NAFLD in patients with psoriasis. Both conditions are associated with increased levels of proinflammatory adipokines (such as tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6) and hepatokines, and decreased levels of adiponectin, an anti‐inflammatory adipokine. This imbalance in inflammatory mediators could result in insulin resistance and, thereby, facilitate the occurrence and progression of NAFLD in a multistep manner. All patients with psoriasis should, therefore, be considered candidates for NAFLD screening and managed accordingly. Given the common aetiology of inflammation between these conditions, it is hypothesized that biological therapies for psoriasis may attenuate the systemic inflammatory process and progression of NAFLD in patients with psoriasis.
Microbial antigen encounter during a preweaning interval is critical for tolerance to gut bacteria
Authors: Kathryn A. Knoop, Jenny K. Gustafsson, Keely G. McDonald, Devesha H. Kulkarni, Paige E. Coughlin, Stephanie McCrate, Dongyeon Kim, Chyi-Song Hsieh, Simon P. Hogan, Charles O. Elson, Phillip I. Tarr, Rodney D. Newberry
Journal: Science Immunology (2017)

Bacterial antigen encounter in a preweaning interval is critical for developing antigen-specific tolerance to gut bacteria.
Abstract 16833: Immediate Rule-out of Acute Myocardial Infarction Using Electrocardiogram and Baseline High-sensitivity Troponin I
Authors: Johannes T Neumann, Nils A Sörensen, Francisco Ojeda, Tjark Schwemer, Till Keller, Thomas Renne, Ulf Landmesser, Peter Clemmensen, Renate Schnabel, Tanja Zeller, Mahir Karakas, Martin Than, William Parsonage, Jaimi Greenslade, Louise Cullen, Stefan Blankenberg, Dirk Westermann
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background:  Current guidelines recommend serial troponin measurements using a 3-hour or 1-hour algorithm to rule-out acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In this study we evaluate the diagnostic performance of a single high-sensitivity troponin I (hs-TnI) measurement combined with a non-ischaemic ECG directly at admission to exclude AMI.   Methods:  We measured baseline hs-TnI in 1,216 patients with suspected AMI. Patients with ST-elevation AMI were exlcuded from further analyses (n=60). Different hs-TnI cutoff concentrations were evaluated and combined with the information of a non-ischaemic ECG. We calculated the negative predictive value (NPV) to exclude AMI. All patients were followed for up to 2 years. The results were validated in 2 independent cohorts of patients with suspected AMI in 3,566 patients.   Results:  The mean age of our study population was 64 years, the median follow-up time was 525 days. 216 patients were diagnosed with non-ST-elevation AMI. Application of a baseline hs-TnI cutoff concentration of 3 ng/L resulted in a NPV of 99.4%. After additional application of a non-ischaemic ECG, the NPV increased to 100%. This translated into immediate rule-out of 21% of all patients. The mortality rate in this rule-out population was 0% after 12 months. 2 independent cohorts validated the high NPV of this approach (NPV 100% and 99.8%).   Conclusion:  Application of a baseline hs-TnI cutoff concentration of 3 ng/L combined with a non-ischaemic ECG excluded AMI safely without need for serial troponin testing.
Reduced Intensity Stem Cell Transplantation Followed By Adjunctive Lenalidomide Is Tolerable and Safe and Improves Complete Response Rate in Multiple Myeloma:a UK NCRI Phase 2 Feasibility Study (LenaRIC)
Authors: Mark Cook, Anesh Panchal, Kristian Brock, Grant McQuaker, John A. Snowden, Charles R Crawley, Hannah Hunter, James D Cavenagh, Mirjana Sirovica, Andrea Hodgkinson, Gordon Cook
Journal: Blood (2017)
Cancer screening behaviors among spouses in a nationally representative sample.
Authors: Ashwin A Kotwal, Diane S Lauderdale, Linda J Waite, William Dale
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

1577 Background: Spouses are known to behave similarly across a range of health behaviors, however, little is known about how each spouse influences the other’s cancer screening behavior. Using a unique national sample of older couples with detailed information on both partners, we assess whether screening colonoscopy, PSA screening, and mammography rates of each spouse are associated, and identify characteristics of each partner and their relationship that influence cancer screening likelihoods. Methods: We use the National Social life Health and Aging Project (NSHAP) Wave 2 sample (2010), a nationally-representative sample of matched older male-female couples (n=953). We use multivariate logistic regression models for each of the four outcomes (PSA screen in last 1 year for husbands, mammography in last year for wives, and screening colonoscopy in last 5 years for both), as a function of sociodemographic, health status, spouses’ cancer screening behavior, and relationship quality covariates. Results: Controlling for covariates, husbands with wives who had screening mammograms in the last year are more likely to have had screening PSAs in the last year (64% vs 50%; p=0.001). Husbands are more likely to have received screening colonoscopies when their wives have received screening colonoscopies (69% vs 54%; p<0.001), when their wives are more educated (69% vs 55%; p=0.037), and when their wives are happier with the marital relationship (65% vs 49%; p=0.006). Similarly, wives are more likely to receive a screening colonoscopy when their husband has received a screening colonoscopy (67% vs 51%; p<0.001). For mammography, wives are more likely to have had a mammogram in the last year if their husbands have had recent PSA screens (68% vs 56%; p=0.002) or if their husbands have had recent screening colonoscopies (68% vs 54%; p=0.001). Conclusions: In a national sample, older spouses’ cancer screening behaviors are significantly associated with one another after adjusting for shared sociodemographics. Recognizing how spouses mutually influence screening rates can help providers deliver more effective screening recommendations and improve adherence, particularly when different screening recommendations exist for each cancer.
Criticisms of Kraepelin’s Psychiatric Nosology: 1896–1927
Authors: Kenneth S. Kendler, Eric J. Engstrom
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2017)

Emil Kraepelin's psychiatric nosology, proposed in the 5th and 6th editions of his textbook published in 1896 and 1899, did not quickly gain worldwide acceptance, but was instead met with substantial and sustained criticism. The authors review critiques of Kraepelin's work published in his lifetime by Adolf Meyer, Friedrich Jolly, Eugenio Tanzi, Alfred Hoche, Karl Jaspers, and Willy Hellpach. These critics made six major points. First, Kraepelin's new categories of dementia praecox and manic-depressive insanity were too broad and too heterogeneous. Second, his emphasis on course of illness was misconceived, as the same disease can result in brief episodes or a chronic course. Third, the success of his system was based on the quality of his textbooks and his academic esteem, rather than on empirical findings. Fourth, his focus on symptoms and signs led to neglect of the whole patient and his or her life story. Fifth, Kraepelin's early emphasis on experimental psychology did not bear the expected fruit. Sixth, Kraepelin was committed to the application of the medical disease model. However, because of the many-to-many relationship between brain pathology and psychiatric symptoms, true natural disease entities may not exist in psychiatry. Most of the ongoing debates about Kraepelin's nosology have roots in these earlier discussions and would be enriched by a deeper appreciation of their historical contexts. As authoritative as Kraepelin was, and remains today, his was only one among many voices, and attention to them would be well repaid by a deeper understanding of the fundamental conceptual challenges in our field. [AJP at 175: Remembering Our Past As We Envision Our Future April 1927: In Memoriam: Emil Kraepelin, M.D. Meyer provides an admiring but not uncritical overview of Kraepelin's career and contributions to psychiatry. "It was the unflinchingly psychiatric orientation of the man," he wrote, "that impressed and attracted physicians and students." (Am J Psychiatry 1927; 83:748-755 )].
Poor cognitive ageing: Vulnerabilities, mechanisms and the impact of nutritional interventions
Authors: Sophie Miquel, Claire Champ, Jon Day, Esther Aarts, Ben A. Bahr, Martijntje Bakker, Diána Bánáti, Vittorio Calabrese, Tommy Cederholm, John Cryan, Louise Dye, Jonathan A. Farrimond, Aniko Korosi, Sophie Layé, Stuart Maudsley, Dragan Milenkovic, M.Hasan Mohajeri, John Sijben, Alina Solomon, Jeremy P.E. Spencer, Sandrine Thuret, Wim Vanden Berghe, David Vauzour, Bruno Vellas, Keith Wesnes, Peter Willatts, Raphael Wittenberg, Lucie Geurts
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2017)

Ageing is a highly complex process marked by a temporal cascade of events, which promote alterations in the normal functioning of an individual organism. The triggers of normal brain ageing are not well understood, even less so the factors which initiate and steer the neuronal degeneration, which underpin disorders such as dementia. A wealth of data on how nutrients and diets may support cognitive function and preserve brain health are available, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying their biological action in both normal ageing, age-related cognitive decline, and in the development of neurodegenerative disorders have not been clearly elucidated. This review aims to summarise the current state of knowledge of vulnerabilities that predispose towards dysfunctional brain ageing, highlight potential protective mechanisms, and discuss dietary interventions that may be used as therapies. A special focus of this paper is on the impact of nutrition on neuroprotection and the underlying molecular mechanisms, and this focus reflects the discussions held during the 2nd workshop 'Nutrition for the Ageing Brain: Functional Aspects and Mechanisms' in Copenhagen in June 2016. The present review is the most recent in a series produced by the Nutrition and Mental Performance Task Force under the auspice of the International Life Sciences Institute Europe (ILSI Europe). Coupling studies of cognitive ageing with studies investigating the effect of nutrition and dietary interventions as strategies targeting specific mechanisms, such as neurogenesis, protein clearance, inflammation, and non-coding and microRNAs is of high value. Future research on the impact of nutrition on cognitive ageing will need to adopt a longitudinal approach and multimodal nutritional interventions will likely need to be imposed in early-life to observe significant impact in older age.