tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Addison's disease
Authors: C Granger
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Links need to be maintained with census definitions EDITOR,-The definition and meaning of terms relating to race, ethnicity, and culture are issues to which social scientists have devoted hours and pages of thought.Some doubt whether they are indeed real entities (like "society"), but, as many studies have now shown, they are real in their effects.Kwame McKenzie and N S Crowcroft's editorial and "style guide" are helpful pointers out of the maze.' 2 It is important to emphasise that culture and ethnicity are multivariate.Researchers should (ftr example) make reference to religion as it is likely to be a key factor in behaviour.The style guide seems to omit language, which, at least in relation to people of South Asian descent, may provide as much useful information as does religion-and certainly more than the catch-all term "Indian."The guidance also emphasises the need to let people identify their own ethnicity.2It is therefore good news for those who, like me, have advocated this and promoted ethnic monitoring that general practitioners in Leicester and Lincolnshire found the procedure so easy to operate.3Hopefully, such open debate will reassure those who, by virtue of their uncertainty about the value of ethnic monitoring, make the collection of data problematic.The results will be of little value, however, unless linked to sound estimates of the population denominator.For this reason it is imperative that, however freely people are allowed to choose or describe their identity, a link is maintained to the complex and carefully designed structures used in the census.4Without some degree of agreement we shall see no benefit in epidemiology or the delivery of services and a backlash against the collection of data may result.The provision of well thought out guidelines is a useful start and may help to avoid the confusion that seems to have developed in the United States.'We may now look forward to an end of the muddled thinking embodied in such old and ugly terms as "Europid" and the confu- sion between nationality as stated in a passport, which has no clinical importance, and ethnic group, which manifestly does.
Transformation Asymmetry and the Evolution of the Bacterial Accessory Genome
Authors: Katinka J Apagyi, Christophe Fraser, Nicholas J Croucher
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2017)

Bacterial transformation can insert or delete genomic islands (GIs), depending on the donor and recipient genotypes, if an homologous recombination spans the GI's integration site and includes sufficiently long flanking homologous arms. Combining mathematical models of recombination with experiments using pneumococci found GI insertion rates declined geometrically with the GI's size. The decrease in acquisition frequency with length (1.08×10−3 bp−1) was higher than a previous estimate of the analogous rate at which core genome recombinations terminated. Although most efficient for shorter GIs, transformation-mediated deletion frequencies did not vary consistently with GI length, with removal of 10-kb GIs ∼50% as efficient as acquisition of base substitutions. Fragments of 2 kb, typical of transformation event sizes, could drive all these deletions independent of island length. The strong asymmetry of transformation, and its capacity to efficiently remove GIs, suggests nonmobile accessory loci will decline in frequency without preservation by selection.
Abstract 15152: A Novel Nlrp3 Inflammasome Inhibitor Prevents Acute Pericarditis in an Experimental Mouse Model
Authors: Adolfo G Mauro, Eleonora Mezzaroma, Juan F Torrado, Salvatore Carbone, Benjamin W Van Tassell, Antonio Abbate, Stefano Toldo
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction:  Acute pericarditis is characterized by inflammation of the pericardial layers. It responds to treatment with colchicine, an anti-inflammatory drug known to interfere with the formation of the NOD-Like receptor type 3 protein (NLRP3) inflammasome.   Hypothesis:  Administration of a novel NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor, derived from glyburide, decreases pericardial inflammation in a mouse model of acute pericarditis.   Methods:  We induced acute pericarditis by injecting zymosan A, a yeast-derived activator of the NLRP3 inflammasome (1 mg in 50 μl of NaCl 0.9%), in the pericardial sac of CD-1 male mice, using a 30-gauge needle. An equivalent volume of vehicle was used in the control group. The NLRP3 inhibitor (NLRP3inh, 100 mg/kg, N=6) or colchicine (1000 or 100 μg/Kg, N=3) were administered by oral gavage once daily for 7 days in the zymosan-treated mice. Higher doses of colchicine (>1 mg/kg) were lethal. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed to evaluate pericardial effusion by measuring the dimension of the pericardial thickness and the effusion in M-mode and B-mode (Figure). Heart tissues were stained with hematoxylin/eosin to measure pericardial thickness, and immunofluorescence staining for the inflammasome scaffold protein ASC and cardiac actin, was performed in order to evaluate inflammasome formation within the pericardial layers.   Results:  Intrapericardial instillation of zymosan produced a significantly greater pericardial effusion, thickening, and inflammation when compared with vehicle (all P   Conclusions:  Inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome using a novel inhibitor significantly reduces pericardial inflammation in experimental acute pericarditis in the mouse.
Noninvasive Cardiac Radiation for Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Phillip S. Cuculich, Matthew R. Schill, Rojano Kashani, Sasa Mutic, Adam Lang, Daniel Cooper, Mitchell Faddis, Marye Gleva, Amit Noheria, Timothy W. Smith, Dennis Hallahan, Yoram Rudy, Clifford G. Robinson
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

Recent advances have enabled noninvasive mapping of cardiac arrhythmias with electrocardiographic imaging and noninvasive delivery of precise ablative radiation with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). We combined these techniques to perform catheter-free, electrophysiology-guided, noninvasive cardiac radioablation for ventricular tachycardia.We targeted arrhythmogenic scar regions by combining anatomical imaging with noninvasive electrocardiographic imaging during ventricular tachycardia that was induced by means of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). SBRT simulation, planning, and treatments were performed with the use of standard techniques. Patients were treated with a single fraction of 25 Gy while awake. Efficacy was assessed by counting episodes of ventricular tachycardia, as recorded by ICDs. Safety was assessed by means of serial cardiac and thoracic imaging.From April through November 2015, five patients with high-risk, refractory ventricular tachycardia underwent treatment. The mean noninvasive ablation time was 14 minutes (range, 11 to 18). During the 3 months before treatment, the patients had a combined history of 6577 episodes of ventricular tachycardia. During a 6-week postablation "blanking period" (when arrhythmias may occur owing to postablation inflammation), there were 680 episodes of ventricular tachycardia. After the 6-week blanking period, there were 4 episodes of ventricular tachycardia over the next 46 patient-months, for a reduction from baseline of 99.9%. A reduction in episodes of ventricular tachycardia occurred in all five patients. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction did not decrease with treatment. At 3 months, adjacent lung showed opacities consistent with mild inflammatory changes, which had resolved by 1 year.In five patients with refractory ventricular tachycardia, noninvasive treatment with electrophysiology-guided cardiac radioablation markedly reduced the burden of ventricular tachycardia. (Funded by Barnes-Jewish Hospital Foundation and others.).
Growth inhibitory effects of a natural stilbenoid pinosylvin and its analogs on human cancer cells mediated by the induction of G0/G1 cell cycle arrest
Authors: Eun-Jung Park, Yong-Hyun Ahn, Jae-Ho Pyee, Hyen Joo Park, Hwa-Jin Chung, Hye-Young Min, Ji-Young Hong, You-Jin Kang, In-Kyung Bae, Sun-Jack Kim, Sang Kook Lee
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

3933  In our previous study, pinosylvin, a naturally occurring stilbenoid mainly found in Pinus species, inhibited the proliferation of various cancer cell lines through regulation of cell cycle progression. As a part of our ongoing effort to search for potential cancer chemopreventive or anti-cancer agents, pinosylvin derivatives were synthesized. Some of pinosylvin derivatives including 3-hydroxy-5-benzoyl-trans-stilbene (3-OH-BTS) were more potent than pinosylvin in the inhibition of cancer cell growth. Prompted by these results, in this study, we assessed the underlying mechanism of 3-OH-BTS on anti-proliferative activity in HCT116 human colon cancer cells. As a result, 3-OH-BTS inhibited cell proliferation through the accumulation of cells in G0/G1 phase. The cell cycle arrest was also associated with the down-regulation of G1 phase-related protein expressions including cyclin A, cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK4), and CDK2. 3-OH-BTS also induced protein expressions of p27 and p53, but less effect on the expression of p21 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). In addition, pinosylvin inhibited the tumor growth in HCT116 cells-xenografted nude mice model. Further studies are underway to evaluate cancer chemopreventive potential in a two-stage skin carcinogenesis model, and growth inhibitory effect of tumor in xenograft model in nude mice with pinosylvin and its analogs.
Daratumumab, Lenalidomide, and Dexamethasone (DRd) Versus Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone (Rd) in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM) Based on Prior Treatment History, Renal Function, and Cytogenetic Risk: Subgroup Analyses of Pollux
Authors: Philippe Moreau, Albert Oriol, Jonathan L. Kaufman, Heather Sutherland, Marc Lalancette, Hila Magen, Shinsuke Iida, Jin Seok Kim, Miles Prince, Tara Cochrane, Lisa O'Rourke, Kaida Wu, Jordan M. Schecter, Nizar J. Bahlis
Journal: Blood (2017)
ROS-responsive drug delivery systems for biomedical applications
Authors: Wenhui Tao, Zhonggui He
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2017)

In the field of biomedicine, stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDSs) have become increasingly popular due to their site-specific release ability in response to a certain physiological stimulus, which may result in both enhanced treatment outcome and reduced side effects. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the unavoidable consequence of cell oxidative metabolism. ROS play a crucial part in regulating biological and physiological processes, whereas excessive intracellular ROS usually lead to the oxidation stress which has implications in several typical diseases such as cancer, inflammation and atherosclerosis. Therefore, ROS-responsive DDSs have elicited widespread popularity for their promising applications in a series of biomedical research because the payload is only released in targeted cells or tissues that overproduce ROS. According to the design of ROS-responsive DDSs, the main release mechanisms of therapeutic agents can be ascribed to ROS-induced carrier solubility change, ROS-induced carrier cleavage or ROS-induced prodrug linker cleavage. This review summarized the latest development and novel design of ROS-responsive DDSs and discussed their design concepts and the applications in the biomedical field.
Hybrid Method Based on Information Gain and Support Vector Machine for Gene Selection in Cancer Classification
Authors: Lingyun Gao, Mingquan Ye, Xiaojie Lu, Daobin Huang
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2017)

Abstract It remains a great challenge to achieve sufficient cancer classification accuracy with the entire set of genes, due to the high dimensions, small sample size, and big noise of gene expression data. We thus proposed a hybrid gene selection method, Information Gain-Support Vector Machine (IG-SVM) in this study. IG was initially employed to filter irrelevant and redundant genes. Then, further removal of redundant genes was performed using SVM to eliminate the noise in the datasets more effectively. Finally, the informative genes selected by IG-SVM served as the input for the LIBSVM classifier. Compared to other related algorithms, IG-SVM showed the highest classification accuracy and superior performance as evaluated using five cancer gene expression datasets based on a few selected genes. As an example, IG-SVM achieved a classification accuracy of 90.32% for colon cancer, which is difficult to be accurately classified, only based on three genes including CSRP1, MYL9, and GUCA2B.
Treatment for Aggressive Lymphoma
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Eurosurveillance atteint l’âge adulte et rejoint l’ECDC
Authors: H Therre, J C Desenclos, E Hoile, N Gill, J B Brunet
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2007)

Eurosurveillance a ete cree en 1995, a l’aube de la mise en place des reseaux de surveillance europeens. Son objectif : repondre au besoin de la communaute de sante publique impliquee dans la surveillance des maladies infectieuses, en termes d’echanges et de dissemination d’informations scientifiques validees. Aujourd’hui, au centre de cet immense reseau virtuel, Eurosurveillance arrive a un moment cle de sa maturation : la fonction editoriale va, a present, etre assuree au Centre europeen de surveillance et de controle des maladies, l’ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) a Stockholm. Fort de ce nouvel environnement, Eurosurveillance dispose de tous les atouts pour franchir la prochaine etape de son developpement, a savoir, devenir un journal scientifique de reference pour la surveillance et le controle des maladies infectieuses.
Preparation and characterization of bioactive glass tablets and evaluation of bioactivity and cytotoxicity in vitro
Authors: Jianhui Chen, Lei Zeng, Xiaofeng Chen, Tianshun Liao, Jiafu Zheng
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2017)

In this study, the SiO2CaOP2O5 ternary component of bioactive glass particles were successfully synthesized by sol-gel method, then the bioactive glass particles were pressed into tablets with dry pressing molding technology. The physicochemical structure, in-vitro bioactivity and biocompatibility of BG tablets were characterized by various methods, such as XRD、SEM、FTIR, etc. The results showed that the sol-gel bioactive glass particle was distinguished with its amorphous structure and micron-size. After being soaked in Tris-Hcl solution for 15 d, the bioactive glass tablets didn't collapse. Also, the mineralization assay in vitro showed that the bioactive glass tablets had good capability of inducing the formation of hydroxycarbonate apatite (HCA) after being immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF). In addition, the cytotoxicity assay indicated that the osteoblast (MC3T3) grew well on the surface of bioactive glass tablets. According to the above results, the bioactive glass tablets presented good mechanical strength, excellent apatite-forming activity and high biocompatibility, which demonstrated their potential applications in the field of bone defect repairing.
Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Strain Prevents Staphylococcus aureus Colonization and Skin Infection by Blocking Quorum Sensing
Authors: Alexandra E. Paharik, Corey P. Parlet, Nadjali Chung, Daniel A. Todd, Emilio I. Rodriguez, Michael J. Van Dyke, Nadja B. Cech, Alexander R. Horswill
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2017)
Abstract B09: KPNB1-mediated nuclear import is required for inflammatory cytokine expression, invasion and survival of cancer cells
Authors: Tamara Stelma, Alicia Chi, Anwar Mall, Dhiren Govender, Virna D. Leaner
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Karyopherin β1 (KPNB1) is a nuclear transport protein involved in the transport of transcription factors and other proteins containing a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) into the nucleus. Elevated KPNB1 expression has been reported in cancer and transformed cells and is suggested to sustain the increased metabolic and proliferative demands. Transcription factors such as NFκB and AP-1 contain a NLS which is required by KPNB1 for nuclear import. These transcription factors initiate the expression of multiple cytokines and factors associated with inflammation and cancer cell biology. An inflammatory microenvironment, a hallmark of cancer, contributes to factors such as sustained proliferation, invasion and neoangiogenesis. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of inhibiting nuclear import via KPNB1 on cell biology and inflammatory signaling associated with cancer using siRNA and the novel small molecule, Inhibitor of Nuclear Import- 43 (INI-43). Inhibition of KPNB1 lead to reduced migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells while extended inhibition caused decreased proliferation and apoptosis. KPNB1 is essential for the translocation of NFκB into the nucleus as inhibition of nuclear import resulted in its cytoplasmic retention and decreased transcriptional activity of both transcription factors; NFκB and AP-1. DNA-binding studies confirmed a reduced binding-ability or presence of NFκB in the nuclear extract of KPNB1-inhibited cells. Consequently reduced IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α; and GM-CSF expression, target genes of NFκB and AP-1, was observed. INI-43 significantly inhibited tumor growth in an ectopic xenograft mouse model and histological analysis found the tumor tissue to be less invasive. Immunohistochemical analysis of mice tumors showed reduced overall expression of KPNB1 as well as a shift in cellular localization to be more cytoplasmic following INI-43 treatment. Our study provides evidence that inhibiting KPNB1 has anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects and shows promise as a chemotherapeutic target. Citation Format: Tamara Stelma, Alicia Chi, Anwar Mall, Dhiren Govender, Virna D. Leaner. KPNB1-mediated nuclear import is required for inflammatory cytokine expression, invasion and survival of cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR International Conference: New Frontiers in Cancer Research; 2017 Jan 18-22; Cape Town, South Africa. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(22 Suppl):Abstract nr B09.
Abstract 16276: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Dexrazoxane in Preventing Long-Term Cardiac Dysfunction in Paediatric Patients With Haematological Malignancies
Authors: Mark T Nolan, Ying Wang, Faraz Pathan, Thomas H Marwick
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction:  Dexrazoxane (DRZ) prevents cardiac dysfunction after chemotherapy for hematological malignancies (HM) in the pediatric population. However, the cost-effectiveness of this approach is unknown.   Hypothesis:  DRZ use produces additional Quality-Adjusted-Life-years (QALYS) at a cost that is below the current US willingness-to-pay threshold   Methods:  A Markov model was assembled using four states; well, asymptomatic cardiotoxicity (CTX), heart failure (HF) and death. The base case scenario was a 15-year with acute lymphocytic leukemia treated with 360 mg/m 2  cumulative anthracycline dose, followed over a 25-year time-horizon. Costs, utilities and transition probabilities were derived from published scientific literature. Costs are in 2016 US$ and calculated from a societal perspective. Costs and utilities were discounted at 3%/annum. Treatment costs included wholesale acquisition cost for DRZ. Sensitivity analyses were performed on key inputs including; transition probabilities of CTX and HF, costs of CTX and HF, efficacy and cost of DRZ. Willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of US$53,000 was selected   Results:  Treatment with DRZ extensively dominated standard therapy, providing cost savings of $2369 and QALY savings of 0.28 QALYs per-patient. Major determinants were probabilities of cardiotoxicity, heart failure and death, and costs of cardiotoxicity and therapy. Extended dominance by DRZ persisted throughout published 95%CI of efficacy, with loss of dominance if RR was ≥0.66. Incremental Cost-Effectiveness (ICE) Ratio only exceeded the WTP threshold if RR was ≥0.92. ICE scatterplot of 1000 bootstrap samples (Figure) showed 65.1% of DRZ samples were superior or produced additional QALYs at cost    Conclusions:  DRZ provided a modest increase in long-term QALYs and reduction in healthcare costs in the pediatric HM population. These results were robust across plausible ranges of DRZ efficacy.
Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia. Causes, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Federica De Giacomi, Robert Vassallo, Eunhee S. Yi, Jay H. Ryu
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2017)

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is an uncommon acute respiratory illness of varying severity that includes presentation as acute respiratory distress syndrome with fatal outcome. AEP may be idiopathic, but identifiable causes include smoking and other inhalational exposures, medications, and infections. The pathogenesis of AEP is poorly understood but likely varies depending on the underlying cause. Airway epithelial injury, endothelial injury, and release of IL-33 are early events that subsequently promote eosinophil recruitment to the lung; eosinophilic infiltration and degranulation appear to mediate subsequent lung inflammation and associated clinical manifestations. Crucial for the diagnosis are the demonstration of pulmonary eosinophilia in the BAL fluid and the exclusion of other disease processes that can present with acute pulmonary infiltrates. Although peripheral blood eosinophilia at initial presentation may be a clue in suggesting the diagnosis of AEP, it may be absent or delayed, especially in smoking-related AEP. Optimal management of AEP depends on the recognition and elimination of the underlying cause when identifiable. The cessation of the exposure to the inciting agent (e.g., smoking), and glucocorticoids represent the mainstay of treating AEP of noninfectious origin. If AEP is recognized and treated in a timely manner, the prognosis is generally excellent, with prompt and complete clinical recovery, even in those patients manifesting acute respiratory failure.
Preferencia del paciente y grado de satisfacción con la sedación en endoscopia digestiva alta
Authors: JÁ Ferrer Rosique, G Cacho Acosta, HJ Canaval Zuleta, E Pérez Fernandez, M González Fernández, C Fernandez Rodríguez
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

La sedación asociada a la endoscopia mejora la satisfacción del paciente, ello ha llevado a su uso habitual. Sin embargo, la endoscopia digestiva alta rutinaria (EDAr) suele ser breve y, aunque desagradable, generalmente no es dolorosa. Por tanto, cabe preguntarse si es preciso el uso sistemático de sedación en EDAr o más bien la adecuada y sistemática información previa del paciente.