tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Call for Papers in the Area of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Seppo Ylӓ-Herttuala
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2017)

Last year, Molecular Therapy initiated a special issue program designed to highlight cutting edge research topics of strong interest to our readership. The first such special issue, on the topic of gene editing, appeared in March of 2016. This year, we presented two special issues: one on the topic of nanoparticle development, which appeared in July, and the other dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the founding of our society, which appeared in May. Available citation and usage data reveal strong interest among our readers for each of these special issues. As a continuation of this program, Molecular Therapy is happy to announce a special issue on the topic of “Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine”. In recent years, several key observations have been published in the areas of cardiac regeneration, cardiac progenitor cells, developmental aspects of the heart and its vasculature, and methods to improve cardiac blood flow, vasculature, metabolism, and contraction. Methods based on gene and cell therapy have been commonly used to explore and treat pathological conditions affecting the heart. However, significant controversies exist around some basic findings of cardiac regeneration, and several clinical trials testing novel regenerative treatment options in humans have so far failed to show significant therapeutic effects. Thus, there appear to be significant barriers to the translation of basic scientific findings on cardiac regeneration into effective therapies. Clearly, gene and cell therapies within this area require more efficient delivery methods, more effective vectors, alternative treatment strategies, and more representative large animal models. Cardiovascular diseases are a major problem for human health care worldwide, and, as such, we have selected this topic for our next special issue. The special issue will be guest-edited by Drs. Roger Hajjar and Wolfram Zimmermann and will be comprised of 5 or 6 distinguished topical reviews together with peer-reviewed original research papers. We hereby invite researchers to submit manuscripts to the special issue, with the deadline for submissions of December 31, 2017. We encourage submissions in all areas of cardiovascular regenerative medicine, but we are particularly interested in submissions in the areas of cardiac repair by mesenchymal, induced pluripotent stem, and other types of stem and progenitor cells; exosomes; non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding/regulating proteins; redox signaling; gene editing and metabolic control of heart function; mechanisms of heart failure; ischemia; microvascular dysfunction; and new preclinical and clinical treatments based on, but not limited to, these approaches. The publication of the special issue is currently targeted to coincide with the American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy Annual Meeting in May of 2018.
再利用可能な導電性高分子ナノ構造を用いた肺がん患者における循環腫瘍特異的無細胞DNAの高効率分離と分析のための新しい戦略【Powered by NICT】
Authors: Lee HyungJae, Jeon SeungHyun, Seo Jin-Suck, Goh Sung-Ho, Han Ji-Youn, Cho Youngnam
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)
Annals Consult Guys - Is It Statin Myalgia? What a Pain!
Authors: Geno J. Merli, Howard H. Weitz
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2017)

Web Exclusives15 August 2017Annals Consult Guys - Is It Statin Myalgia? What a Pain!FREEGeno J. Merli, MD and Howard H. Weitz, MDGeno J. Merli, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Howard H. Weitz, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/W17-0008 SectionsSupplemental MaterialAboutVisual Abstract ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Annals Consult Guys brings a new perspective to the art and science of medicine with lively discussion and analysis of real-world cases and situations. They address medically relevant topics—whether they be poignant, thought-provoking, or just plain entertaining.For more videos from and information on Annals Consult Guys, visit go.annals.org/ConsultGuys. Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Disclosures: Geno J. Merli, MD, reports the following: Research grants/contracts: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen, Portola; Consultancies: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen. Howard H. Weitz, MD, reports that he has no financial relationships or interests to disclose. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 August 2017Volume 167, Issue 4Page: CG1KeywordsDisclosureMyalgiaResearch grantsResearch reporting guidelinesStatins ePublished: 15 August 2017 Issue Published: 15 August 2017 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2017 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
PWE-013 Evaluation of Faecal Aspirate as a Proxy for Colonoscopy Biopsy Sampling to Assess Microbial Diversity: Abstract PWE-013 Table 1
Authors: E Watt, S Berry, F Farquarson, M Glaire, J Thomson, E El-Omar, P Louis, G Hold
Journal: Gut (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The gut microbiota plays a key role in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) pathogenesis and is also involved in colorectal neoplastic progression. In particular, the “dysbiosis” theory has evolved from work which has shown IBD sufferers to have different microbiologic profiles to normal controls. There is strong evidence to demonstrate that individuals harbour a unique microbiota with faecal and mucosal ecosystems being distinct. This would indicate that faecal samples are not appropriate surrogate markers for mucosal samples and other alternative sampling options should be considered. The aim of the study was to assess the microbial diversity of paired biopsies and faecal aspirates to determine whether faecal aspirate can be used as a suitable surrogate for colonic biopsies. <h3>Methods</h3> Bacterial DNA was extracted from 21 paired mucosal biopsies and faecal aspirates, and subjected to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and q-PCR analysis to quantify the relative abundance of the following major bacterial groups: Bacteroidetes, <i>Ruminococcaceae</i>, <i>Lachnospiraceae</i> and <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>. The relative abundance of bacterial groups was expressed as a percentage of total bacteria. <h3>Results</h3> Increased variation was found across the faecal aspirates compared to biopsies with regards to relative abundance of the four bacterial groups analysed by q-PCR (Table 1). This indicates that microbial diversity of faecal aspirates is more variable than mucosal biopsies. When the mean abundance of each bacterial group across the biopsies and across the faecal aspirates was compared using a Paired t-test, there was a significant difference in levels of <i>Bacteroides</i> (62.3% vs 44.4%; p = &lt; 0.05) but not the other bacterial groups. There was no statistical correlation between paired faecal aspirate and biopsy samples when analysed for the four major bacterial groups by linear regression. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Substantial microbial diversity differences exist between faecal aspirate and biopsy samples. Faecal aspirates demonstrate considerably more variation than biopsies, and there would appear to be no correlation between paired samples. These results suggest that faecal aspirate is not a suitable microbiological surrogate for mucosal biopsies. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared.
OP0273 A retrospective database study of one-year adehernce and persistence with pharmacological therapy among fibromyalgia patients in israel
Authors: D Weitzman, D Ben-Ami Shor, S Dahan, Y Bar-On, V Shalev, G Chodick, H Amital
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic debilitating disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain often accompanied by fatigue, allodynia and hyperalgesia. Literature is scarce regarding adherence to pharmacologic treatments available for FM patients. <h3>Objectives</h3> To assess one-year persistence and adherence with therapy among patients with FM and to identify factors associated with therapy discontinuation. <h3>Methods</h3> Using the comprehensive computerized database of Maccabi Healthcare Services, a large healthcare services provider in Israel, all adults (≥21 yrs) diagnosed with FM between 2008 and 2011 were identified. FM medications included the anti-convulsant pregabalin, SSRI/SNRI and tricyclic antidepressants. Time to treatment discontinuation, defined as a gap of ≥120 days in medication supply days, and proportion of days covered (PDC) with FM-specific therapies during one year from the first dispense were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to analyze factors associated with low (PDC &lt;20%) and high (PDC ≥80%) adherence. <h3>Results</h3> Overall 3932 eligible FM patients were identified, 88.7% females, mean) SD (age =49.2 (12.7). Pre-diagnosis use of medications of interest was documented in 41% of the patients. Of the remaining 2312, 56.1% were issued a prescription in the year following diagnosis and 45.0% dispensed at least on medication. One-year discontinuation reached 79.3% overall, and was highest for tricyclic antidepressants and lowest for SSRI/SNRI antidepressants (Table 1). Over one half of the patients (60.5%) were poorly adherent (PDC&lt;20%) during the year and only 9.3% were highly adherent (PDC≥80%). Low adherence was less prevalent among patients diagnosed with migraines (OR=0.62, 95% CI: 0.48–0.80) or with both depression and anxiety (OR=0.55; 0.40–0.76). High adherence was positively associated with socio-economic status (p-for-trend=0.022). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Persistence and adherence with FM therapy in the year following diagnosis is remarkably low. Further research is needed to assess ways to improve continuation with therapy among FM patients. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Dexamethasone did not increase resolution of acute sore throat symptoms at 24 hours
Authors: Thomas Fekete
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2017)

Source Citation Hayward GN, Hay AD, Moore MV, et al. Effect of oral dexamethasone without immediate antibiotics vs placebo on acute sore throat in adults: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017;317:1535-43. 28418482
A novel Pyrin-Associated Autoinflammation with Neutrophilic Dermatosis mutation further defines 14-3-3 binding of pyrin and distinction to Familial Mediterranean Fever
Authors: Fiona Moghaddas, Rafael Llamas, Dominic De Nardo, Helios Martinez-Banaclocha, Juan J Martinez-Garcia, Pablo Mesa-del-Castillo, Paul J Baker, Vanessa Gargallo, Anna Mensa-Vilaro, Scott Canna, Ian P Wicks, Pablo Pelegrin, Juan I Arostegui, Seth L Masters
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

Pyrin-Associated Autoinflammation with Neutrophilic Dermatosis (PAAND) is a recently described monogenic autoinflammatory disease. The causal p.S242R MEFV mutation disrupts a binding motif of the regulatory 14-3-3 proteins within pyrin. Here, we investigate a family with clinical features consistent with PAAND in whom the novel p.E244K MEFV mutation, located in the +2 site of the 14-3-3 binding motif in pyrin, has been found.Multiplex cytokine analyses were performed on p.E244K patient and control serum. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated ex vivo with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In vitro, inflammasome complex formation was evaluated by flow cytometry of Apoptosis-associated Speck-like protein containing a Caspase recruitment domain (ASC) specks. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 production was quantified by ELISA. The ability of the p.E244K pyrin mutation to interact with 14-3-3 was assessed by immunoprecipitation.PAAND p.E244K patient serum displayed a different cytokine profile compared with patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF). In overexpression models, p.E244K pyrin was associated with decreased 14-3-3 binding and increased ASC speck formation. THP-1 monocytes expressing PAAND pyrin mutations demonstrated spontaneous caspase-1-dependent IL-1β and IL-18 secretion, as well as cell death, which were significantly greater than those of wild-type and the FMF-associated mutation p.M694V.In PAAND, disruption of the +2 position of a 14-3-3 binding motif in pyrin results in its constitutive activation, with spontaneous production of IL-1β and IL-18, associated with inflammatory cell death. The altered serum cytokine profile may explain the different clinical features exhibited by PAAND patients compared with those with FMF.
Abstract 215: Systemic Inflammation Exacerbates Electrophysiological Remodeling and Arrhythmia Following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Nicole De Jesus, Lianguo Wang, Crystal M Ripplinger
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Introduction: Inflammatory macrophages infiltrate the heart following myocardial infarction (MI) and secrete proteases and cytokines that may contribute to adverse electrophysiological remodeling. Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of MI, is associated with elevated systemic inflammation. Using a novel combination of optical mapping and molecular imaging, we sought to determine if systemic inflammation exacerbates electrophysiological remodeling and arrhythmogenesis. Methods: A protease activatable fluorescent sensor (Prosense680) was injected I.V. 4 days post MI in mice. Optical mapping of transmembrane potential was performed 5 days post MI on Langendorff-perfused hearts to assess electrophysiology. Fluorescence reflectance imaging of Prosense680 was then performed to visualize and quantify inflammatory protease activity. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS:10 μ g/day, n=6) was injected I.P. to promote systemic inflammation or saline as control (SAL, n=7). Results: Inflammation levels were greater in MI+LPS vs MI+SAL hearts (5.626±1.5 vs 1.73±0.25 A.U., p&lt;0.02) and negligible in sham-operated hearts (SH, n=4). MI+LPS hearts had prolonged action potential (AP) duration vs MI+SAL vs SH (62±4.5 vs 56±1.8 vs 45±3.7 ms, p&lt;0.05) and increased AP rise time (5.5±0.5 vs 4.2±0.2 vs 2.9±0.3 ms, p&lt;0.05). A single premature pacing stimulus induced ventricular tachycardia in 67%(4 of 6) of MI+LPS vs 15%(1 of 7) MI+SAL vs 0% (0 of 4) SH, p&lt;0.02. Conclusions: Elevated post-MI inflammation may contribute to electrophysiological remodeling and arrhythmias. These findings have important implications for the etiology of post-MI arrhythmias in humans with systemic inflammation.
Erratum to “Osteoconductive modifications of Ti-implants in a goat defect model: Characterization of bone growth with SR μCT and histology”
Authors: Ricardo Bernhardt, Juliette van den Dolder, Sussane Bierbaum, Rene Beutner, Dieter Scharnweber, John Jansen, Felix Beckmann, Hartmut Worch
Journal: Biomaterials (2005)
MicroRNAs in right ventricular remodelling
Authors: Sandor Batkai, Christian Bär, Thomas Thum
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2017)

Right ventricular (RV) remodelling is a lesser understood process of the chronic, progressive transformation of the RV structure leading to reduced functional capacity and subsequent failure. Besides conditions concerning whole hearts, some pathology selectively affects the RV, leading to a distinct RV-specific clinical phenotype. MicroRNAs have been identified as key regulators of biological processes that drive the progression of chronic diseases. The role of microRNAs in diseases affecting the left ventricle has been studied for many years, however there is still limited information on microRNAs specific to diseases in the right ventricle. Here, we review recently described details on the expression, regulation, and function of microRNAs in the pathological remodelling of the right heart. Recently identified strategies using microRNAs as pharmacological targets or biomarkers will be highlighted. Increasing knowledge of pathogenic microRNAs will finally help improve our understanding of underlying distinct mechanisms and help utilize novel targets or biomarkers to develop treatments for patients suffering from right heart diseases.
Abstract #746: Androgen-receptor expression in triple negative breast cancer: Results from the neoadjuvant GeparTrio trial
Authors: Sibylle Loibl, Berit Muller, Marc Roller, Silvia Darb-Esfahani, Gunter von Minckwitz, Carsten Denkert
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Background: Triple negative (TN) breast cancer is characterized by lack of expression of estrogen- (ER), progesterone- (PgR) and Her2-receptor and is associated with aggressive behaviour and poor prognosis. Treatment options for patients (Pts) with such tumors are limited to chemotherapy only. There is growing evidence that androgen receptor (AR) might play a role in triple negative breast cancer. Aim of this study was to investigate if there is a different expression of AR in the GeparTrio study cohort and to elucidate whether AR might be used as target for treatment of TN breast cancer. Methods: Between 8/2002 and 6/2005, 1711 pts were treated according to the GeparTrio trial-protocol (NCT00544765) with docetaxel, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (TAC) but received no trastuzumab therapy regardless of the individual HER2 status. Tissue microarrays (TMA) were constructed from pre-treatment core biopsies. We analyzed AR expression in a cohort of 682 pts by immunohistochemistry. Expression levels were levels were categorized as \#8216;0\#8217;, \#8216;1+\#8217;, \#8216;2+\#8217; and \#8216;3+\#8217;. Pts were considered positive for AR when they were categorized as 3+. We evaluated the associations by Spearman\#8217;s rho correlation between AR expression and clinico-pathological parameters and pathological complete response (pCR; ypT0/ ypTis, ypN0) to this neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Results: 409 pts (47.8%) were AR positive. Regarding the entire TMA cohort, we found significant correlation between AR and tumor grading (RS=-.243, p  Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 746.
Habit formation generates secondary modules that emulate the efficiency of evolved behavior
Authors: Samuel A Nordli, Peter M Todd
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

We discuss the evolutionary implications of connections drawn between the authors' learned "secondary modules" and the habit-formation system that appears to be ubiquitous among vertebrates. Prior to any subsequent coevolution with social learning, we suggest that aspects of general intelligence likely arose in tandem with mechanisms of adaptive motor control that rely on basal ganglia circuitry.
心筋梗塞後の心機能を改造高度に効率的にπ‐π共役を含むソフトと導電性注射可能なポリマーヒドロゲル【Powered by NICT】
Authors: Bao Rui, Tan Baoyu, Liang Shuang, Zhang Ning, Wang Wei, Liu Wenguang
Journal: Biomaterials (2017)
調節腫瘍微小環境による増強化学療法のためのマルチターゲットペプチドの開発【Powered by NICT】
Authors: Song Xu, Wan Zhuoya, Chen Tijia, Fu Yao, Jiang Kejun, Yi Xiaoli, Ke Huan, Dong Jianxia, Yang Liuqing, Li Lin, Sun Xun, Gong Tao, Zhang Zhirong
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)
Acute acalculous cholecystitis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia: Favorable outcomes with non-operative management.
Authors: Tarun Kukkadapu, Rohini Chintalapally, Samip Parikh, Abhishek Avinash Mangaonkar, Hima R. Boppidi, Vamsi Kota, Sumanth Daram
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e18018 Background: Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) is usually encountered in critically ill patients, and often associated with poor clinical outcomes. Immunocompromized states such as AIDS, organ transplantation and neutropenia are other risk factors for AAC. Incidence and outcomes of AAC in patients with acute leukemia have not been widely reported. Treatment strategies in this setting are not well defined. The primary objective of our retrospective review was to study the incidence, treatment strategies and outcomes of AAC in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) at our institution. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 191 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of AML in our AML registry. The demographic characteristics, clinical features, laboratory data, mode of nutrition (enteral vs. parenteral), diagnostic methods, mode of treatment and clinical outcomes of AAC were reviewed. Results: Eight cases of AAC were identified; the incidence was 4.1% (8/191). The mean age of patients in the study group was 57.27 ± 17.38 and mean age of patients with AAC was 51.63 ± 15.20. Four of the eight patients (50%) with AAC were receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) at the time of diagnosis; on univariate regression analysis, the odds of having AAC was about 24 times higher in patients receiving TPN versus those who did not (odds ratio 23.67; 95% confidence interval: 4.24 - 123.21). There was no association between absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and risk of AAC. Six of the eight patients with AAC were managed conservatively with intravenous fluids and broad-spectrum antibiotics; two of these patients eventually died from unrelated causes. Two patients underwent percutaneous cholecystostomy and recovered completely. Conclusions: The incidence of AAC in patients with AML at our institution was about 4%. Use of TPN was the only factor that was found to be associated with incidence of AAC. Two of the eight patients died from causes unrelated to AAC. The remaining six patients were able to be managed conservatively either with antibiotics alone and/or percutaneous cholecystostomy. Our experience suggests that AAC in AML patients can be favorably managed without need for cholecystectomy.
MicroRNA-542 Promotes Mitochondrial Dysfunction and SMAD Activity and Is Elevated in Intensive Care Unit–acquired Weakness
Authors: Roser Farre Garros, Richard Paul, Martin Connolly, Amy Lewis, Benjamin E. Garfield, S. Amanda Natanek, Susannah Bloch, Vincent Mouly, Mark J. Griffiths, Michael I. Polkey, Paul R. Kemp
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2017)

Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function is a common consequence of critical illness and a range of chronic diseases, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are unclear.To identify microRNAs (miRNAs) that were increased in the quadriceps of patients with muscle wasting and to determine the molecular pathways by which they contributed to muscle dysfunction.miRNA-542-3p/5p (miR-542-3p/5p) were quantified in the quadriceps of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICUAW). The effect of miR-542-3p/5p was determined on mitochondrial function and transforming growth factor-β signaling in vitro and in vivo.miR-542-3p/5p were elevated in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but more markedly in patients with ICUAW. In vitro, miR-542-3p suppressed the expression of the mitochondrial ribosomal protein MRPS10 and reduced 12S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) expression, suggesting mitochondrial ribosomal stress. miR-542-5p increased nuclear phospho-SMAD2/3 and suppressed expression of SMAD7, SMURF1, and PPP2CA, proteins that inhibit or reduce SMAD2/3 phosphorylation, suggesting that miR-542-5p increased transforming growth factor-β signaling. In mice, miR-542 overexpression caused muscle wasting, and reduced mitochondrial function, 12S rRNA expression, and SMAD7 expression, consistent with the effects of the miRNAs in vitro. Similarly, in patients with ICUAW, the expression of 12S rRNA and of the inhibitors of SMAD2/3 phosphorylation were reduced, indicative of mitochondrial ribosomal stress and increased transforming growth factor-β signaling. In patients undergoing aortic surgery, preoperative levels of miR-542-3p/5p were positively correlated with muscle loss after surgery.Elevated miR-542-3p/5p may cause muscle atrophy in intensive care unit patients through the promotion of mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of SMAD2/3 phosphorylation.