tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Giving medicine a fair trial
Authors: R. Ashcroft
Journal: BMJ (2000)

<h3>Abstract</h3> Many prokaryotes show complex behaviors that require the intricate spatial and temporal organization of cellular protein machineries, leading to asymmetrical protein distribution and cell polarity. One such behavior is cyanobacterial phototaxis which relies on the dynamic localization of the Type IV pilus motor proteins in response to light. In the cyanobacterium <i>Synechocystis</i>, various signaling systems encompassing chemotaxis-related CheY- and PatA-like response regulators are critical players in switching between positive and negative phototaxis depending on the light intensity and wavelength. In this study, we show that PatA-type regulators evolved from chemosensory systems. Using fluorescence microscopy and yeast-two-hybrid analysis, we demonstrate that they localize to the inner membrane, where they interact with the N-terminal cytoplasmic domain of PilC and the pilus assembly ATPase PilB1. By separately expressing the subdomains of the response regulator PixE, we confirm that only the N-terminal PATAN domain interacts with PilB1, localizes to the membrane, and is sufficient to reverse phototactic orientation. These experiments established that the PATAN domain is the principal output domain of PatA-type regulators which we presume to modulate pilus extension by binding to the pilus motor components.
Controlling Nerve Growth with an Electric Field Induced Indirectly in Transparent Conductive Substrate Materials
Authors: Ann M. Rajnicek, Zhiqiang Zhao, Javier Moral‐Vico, Ana M. Cruz, Colin D. McCaig, Nieves Casañ‐Pastor
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2018)

Innovative neurostimulation therapies require improved electrode materials, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) polymers or IrOx mixed ionic-electronic conductors and better understanding of how their electrochemistry influences nerve growth. Amphibian neurons growing on transparent films of electronic (metal) conductors and electronic-ionic conductors (polymers and semiconducting oxides) are monitored. Materials are not connected directly to the power supply, but a dipole is created wirelessly within them by electrodes connected to the culture medium in which they are immersed. Without electrical stimulation neurons grow on gold, platinum, PEDOT-polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT-PSS), IrOx , and mixed oxide (Ir-Ti)Ox , but growth is not related to surface texture or hydrophilicity. Stimulation induces a dipole in all conductive materials, but neurons grow differently on electronic conductors and mixed-valence mixed-ionic conductors. Stimulation slows, but steers neurite extension on gold but not on platinum. The rate and direction of neurite growth on PEDOT-PSS resemble that on glass, but on IrOx and (Ir-Ti)Ox neurites grow faster and in random directions. This suggests electrochemical changes induced in these materials control growth speed and direction selectively. Evidence that the electric dipole induced in conductive material controls nerve growth will impact electrotherapies exploiting wireless stimulation of implanted material arrays, even where transparency is required.
Association Between Simulation Curriculum and Learners’ Confidence and Interest in Cardiothoracic Surgery
Authors: Rebekah Macfie, Sarah Walcott-Sapp, Justin Watson, Caleb Haley, Elizabeth Dewey, Paul Schipper
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2018)

This study examines the use of tissue-based simulations in cardiothoracic surgery with medical students, residents, and fellows.
Risk-Factor Trajectories Preceding Diabetic Polyneuropathy: ADDITION-Denmark
Authors: Signe T. Andersen, Daniel R. Witte, Henning Andersen, Lasse Bjerg, Niels Henrik Bruun, Marit E. Jørgensen, Nanna B. Finnerup, Torsten Lauritzen, Troels S. Jensen, Hatice Tankisi, Morten Charles
Journal: Diabetes Care (2018)

OBJECTIVE To study cardiometabolic risk-factor trajectories (in terms of levels and changes over time) preceding diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) 13 years after a screen-detected diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We clinically diagnosed DPN in a nested case-control study of 452 people in the Danish arm of the Anglo-Danish-Dutch Study of Intensive Treatment in People with Screen-Detected Diabetes in Primary Care (ADDITION). By linear regression models, we estimated preceding risk-factor trajectories during 13 years. Risk of DPN was estimated by multivariate logistic regression models of each individual’s risk-factor trajectory intercept and slope adjusting for sex, age, diabetes duration, height, and trial randomization group. RESULTS Higher baseline levels of HbA1c (odds ratio [OR] 1.76 [95% CI 1.37; 2.27] and OR 1.68 [95% CI 1.33; 2.12] per 1% and 10 mmol/mol, respectively) and steeper increases in HbA1c over time (OR 1.66 [95% CI 1.21; 2.28] and OR 1.59 [95% CI 1.19; 2.12] per 1% and 10 mmol/mol increase during 10 years, respectively) were associated with DPN. Higher baseline levels of weight, waist circumference, and BMI were associated with DPN (OR 1.20 [95% CI 1.10; 1.31] per 5 kg, OR 1.27 [95% CI 1.13; 1.43] per 5 cm, and OR 1.24 [95% CI 1.12; 1.38] per 2 kg/m2, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Both higher levels and slopes of HbA1c trajectories were associated with DPN after 13 years. Our findings indicate that the rate of HbA1c increase affects the development of DPN over and above the effect of the HbA1c level. Furthermore, this study supports obesity as a risk factor for DPN.
¿Qué técnica de drenaje biliar guiado por ecoendoscopia debemos realizar en pacientes con imposibilidad de canulación papilar?
Authors: A Elosua, M Gómez, D Oyón, S López, L Casanova, M Rullan, J Carrascosa, J Eguaras, I Fernández-Urién, JJ Vila
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

Cuando fracasa la canulación papilar, el drenaje biliar USE-guiado permite drenaje con rendezvous (DBE-RV), aparentemente menos agresivo, o transmural (DBE-TM) con hepaticogastrostomía o coledocoduodenostomía.
β3-adrenergic agonists mimic eustress response and reduce leptin-mediated proliferation in a GBM cell line
Authors: Johnathan E Lawrence, Nicholas J Cook, Richard A Rovin, Robert J Winn
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2011)

CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNALING CB-01. PTEN PHOSPHORYLATION BY FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTORS AND SRC MEDIATES RESISTANCE TO EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR INHIBITORS IN GLIOMA Frank Furnari1, Timothy Fenton1, David Nathanson2, Claudio Ponte de Alberquerque1, Daisuke Kuga2, Akio Wanami2, Julie Dang2, Huijun Yang2, Kazuhiro Tanaka2, Lu Gao1, Sueli Oba-Shinjo3, Miyuki Uno3, Maria-del-Mar Inda1, Robert Bachoo4, C. David James5, Ronald DePinho6, Scott Vandenberg7, Huilin Zhou1, Suely Marie8, Paul Mischel2, and Webster Cavenee1; Ludwig Institute-UCSD, La Jolla, CA; UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; University of California– San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, CA; University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, CA Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most aggressive of the astrocytic malignancies and the most common intracranial tumor in adults. Although the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed and/or mutated in at least 50% of GBM cases and is required for tumor maintenance in animal models, EGFR inhibitors have thus far failed to deliver significant responses in GBM patients. One inherent resistance mechanism in GBM is the co-activation of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), which generates redundancy in activation of phosphoinositide-3’-kinase (PI3K) signaling. Herein we present a novel mechanism by which fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) and src family kinases (SFKs) impact PI3K signaling in GBM by phosphorylating the PTEN tumor suppressor at a conserved tyrosine residue, Y240. Phosphorylation of Y240 is associated with shortened overall survival and resistance to EGFR inhibitor therapy in GBM patients and plays an active role in mediating resistance to EGFR inhibition in vitro. Experimentally, mutation of PTEN tyrosine 240 to phenylalanine generates an allele of PTEN that potently sensitizes cells expressing mutant EGFR to erlotinib. In contrast, activation of FGFR signaling promotes resistance to erlotinib in glioblastoma cells expressing wild type PTEN, concordant with phosphorylation of PTEN and activation of downstream signaling. Together, our findings identify a novel signaling connection between FGFRs and PTEN and provide a mechanistic link between PTEN regulation and drug resistance, suggesting that blocking PTEN phosphorylation by suppression of src and/or FGFR activity represents a potential strategy to re-sensitize tumors to EGFR inhibitors. CB-02. GLIOBLASTOMA TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT DRIVES SELECTION OF CELL SUBPOPULATIONS WITH DISTINCT RTK AMPLIFICATION GENOTYPES AND DRUG SENSITIVITIES Nicholas Szerlip1, Alicia Pedraza1, Jason Huse1, Tom Mikkelsen2, and Cameron Brennan1; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, M
The Biology of Normal Zona Glomerulosa And Aldosterone-Producing Adenoma: Pathological Implications
Authors: Teresa M Seccia, Brasilina Caroccia, Elise P Gomez-Sanchez, Celso E Gomez-Sanchez, Gian Paolo Rossi
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2018)

The identification of several germline and somatic ion channel mutations in aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs) and detection of cell clusters that can be responsible for excess aldosterone production, as well as the isolation of autoantibodies activating the angiotensin II type 1 receptor, have rapidly advanced the understanding of the biology of primary aldosteronism (PA), particularly that of APA. Hence, the main purpose of this review is to discuss how discoveries of the last decade could affect histopathology analysis and clinical practice. The structural remodeling through development and aging of the human adrenal cortex, particularly of the zona glomerulosa, and the complex regulation of aldosterone, with emphasis on the concepts of zonation and channelopathies, will be addressed. Finally, the diagnostic workup for PA and its subtyping to optimize treatment are reviewed.
Scientific Advances and New Frontiers in Mesothelioma Therapeutics
Authors: Luciano Mutti, Tobias Peikert, Bruce W.S. Robinson, Arnaud Scherpereel, Anne S. Tsao, Marc de Perrot, Gavitt A. Woodard, David M. Jablons, Jacinta Wiens, Fred R. Hirsch, Haining Yang, Michele Carbone, Anish Thomas, Raffit Hassan
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2018)
Desarrollo y experiencia inicial con un “Hibridotomo” para el precorte biliar de aguja
Authors: EJ De La Morena Madrigal
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

El precorte de aguja (PA) como técnica de rescate precoz para la canulación biliar (CB), aún encuentra reticencias. Una de ellas es la dificultad de orientación y maniobra del esfinterotomo de aguja, diferentes a las habituales con el canulotomo de tracción.
Overproduction of Uric Acid in Hypoxanthine-Guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase Deficiency
Authors: N. Lawrence Edwards, David Recker, Irving H. Fox
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (1979)

The contribution of reduced purine salvage to the hyperuricemia associated with hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency was measured by the intravenous administration of tracer doses of [8-14C]adenine to nine patients with normal enzyme activity, three patients with a partial deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, and six patients with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. The mean cumulative excretion of radioactivity 7 d after the adenine administration is 5.6±2.4, 12.9±0.9, and 22.3±4.7% of infused radioactivity for control subjects, partial hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient subjects, and Lesch-Nyhan patients, respectively. To assess relative rates of nucleotide degradation in control and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient patients two separate studies were employed. With [8-14C]inosine administration, three control subjects excreted 3.7-8.5% and two enzyme-deficient patients excreted 26.5-48.0% of the injected radioactivity in 18 h. The capacity of the nucleotide catabolic pathway to accelerate in response to d-fructose was evaluated in control and enzyme-deficient patients. The normal metabolic response to intravenous fructose is a 7.5±4.2-mmol/g creatinine increase in total urinary purines during the 3-h after the infusion. The partial hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient subjects and Lesch-Nyhan patients show increases of 18.6±10.8 and 17.3±11.8 mmol/g creatinine, respectively. Of the observed rise in purine exretion in control subjects, 40% occurs from inosine excretion and 32% occurs from oxypurine excretion. The rise in total purine excretion with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is almost entirely accounted for by an elevated uric acid excretion. Increases in urine radioactivity after fructose infusion are distributed in those purines that are excreted in elevated quantities.
Memory T cells skew toward terminal differentiation in the CD8+ T cell population in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Ling Xu, Danlin Yao, Jiaxiong Tan, Zifan He, Zhi Yu, Jie Chen, Gengxin Luo, Chunli Wang, Fenfang Zhou, Xianfeng Zha, Shaohua Chen, Yangqiu Li
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2018)

Stem cell memory T (TSCM) and central memory T (TCM) cells can rapidly differentiate into effector memory (TEM) and terminal effector (TEF) T cells, and have the most potential for immunotherapy. In this study, we found that the frequency of TSCM and TCM cells in the CD8+ population dramatically decreased together with increases in TEM and TEF cells, particularly in younger patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (< 60 years). These alterations persisted in patients who achieved complete remission after chemotherapy. The decrease in TSCM and TCM together with the increase in differentiated TEM and TEF subsets in CD8+ T cells may explain the reduced T cell response and subdued anti-leukemia capacity in AML patients.
PROSPECTIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF ILAPRAZOLE ON PATIENTS WITH HEARTBURN BUT WITHOUT REFLUX ESOPHAGITIS, FOCUSED ON HISTOLOGIC FINDINGS AND INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS
Authors: IJ Song, HK Kim, SK Lee
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Patients who had gastroesophageal reflux disease without esophagitis showed variable response to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) than patients with erosive esophagitis. The aim of this study was to objectively evaluate the effect of a new PPI, ilaprazole, on the patients with heartburn but without reflux esophagitis, assessed using symptom scores, histologic findings, and inflammatory biomarkers.
Comparative Benefits and Harms of Basal Insulin Analogues for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Anastasia-Vasiliki Madenidou, Paschalis Paschos, Thomas Karagiannis, Anastasia Katsoula, Eleni Athanasiadou, Konstantinos Kitsios, Eleni Bekiari, David R. Matthews, Apostolos Tsapas
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

Basal insulin analogues aim for protracted glycemic control with minimal adverse effects.To assess the comparative efficacy and safety of basal insulin analogues for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Several databases from inception to April 2018 without language restrictions, ClinicalTrials.gov to April 2018, references of reviews, and meeting abstract books.Randomized trials lasting at least 12 weeks that compared efficacy (change in hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] level from baseline [primary outcome]; percentage of patients with HbA1c level <7% at end of study and change in body weight [secondary outcomes]) and safety (hypoglycemia) of basal insulin analogues.Two authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias for each outcome. All authors evaluated overall confidence in the evidence.Thirty-nine trials (26 195 patients) assessed 10 basal insulin analogues. Low- to very-low-quality evidence indicated that thrice-weekly degludec (Deg-3TW) was inferior to most other regimens for reducing HbA1c level, with mean differences ranging from 0.21% (vs. degludec, 100 U/mL [Deg-100]) to 0.32% (vs. glargine, 300 U/mL [Glar-300]). High- to moderate-quality evidence suggested that detemir had a favorable weight profile versus all comparators, and Glar-300 was associated with less weight gain than glargine, 100 U/mL (Glar-100); Deg-100; degludec, 200 U/mL (Deg-200); Deg-3TW; and LY2963016. Low- and very-low-quality evidence suggested that Deg-100, Deg-200, and Glar-300 were associated with lower incidence of nocturnal hypoglycemia than detemir, Glar-100, LY2963016, and neutral protamine lispro (NPL). Incidence of severe hypoglycemia did not differ among regimens, except NPL, which was associated with increased risk versus Deg-100, detemir, Glar-100, and Glar-300.Results are based mostly on indirect comparisons. Confidence in summary estimates is low or very low due to individual-study limitations, imprecision, or inconsistency.Low-quality evidence suggests that basal insulin analogues for T2DM do not substantially differ in their glucose-lowering effect. Low- and very-low-quality evidence suggests some regimens may be associated with lower risk for nocturnal hypoglycemia (Deg-100, Deg-200, and Glar-300) or less weight gain (detemir and Glar-300).None. (PROSPERO: CRD42016037055).
THE EFFICACY OF NOVEL, STIFF-SHAFT AND FLEXIBLE-TIP OF GUIDEWIRE FOR SELECTIVE BILIARY CANNULATION COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL GUIDEWIRE: A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: YW Shin, S Jeong, DH Lee
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Endoscopic access to common bile duct remains difficult in 10% of cases undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP). Different guidewires with various tip shapes have been used for increasing biliary cannulation rate. In current study, we evaluated the effectiveness of the Visiglide2(®) guidewire for biliary cannulation.
Intralesional immunotherapy for the treatment of warts: A network meta-analysis
Authors: Samar Salman, Mohamed Shehata Ahmed, Ahmed Mohamed Ibrahim, Omar Mohamed Mattar, Hassan El-Shirbiny, Sameh Sarsik, Ahmed M. Afifi, Ruba Marwan Anis, Nadim Aiman Yakoub Agha, Abdelrahman Ibrahim Abushouk
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2018)
Abstract 11526: Lysine Acetylation Enhances Cardiac Fatty Acid ss-Oxidation
Authors: Osama Abo Alrob, Sowndramalingam Sankaralingam, Waleed Masoud, Michael Sack, Alexander Clanachan, Gary Lopaschuk
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Fatty acids β-oxidation (FAO) is a major source of energy for the adult heart. However, excessive rates of FAO can compromise cardiac function in obesity, diabetes, reperfusion following ischemia, ...
Computed Tomographic Biomarkers in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. The Future of Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Xiaoping Wu, Grace H. Kim, Margaret L. Salisbury, David Barber, Brian J. Bartholmai, Kevin K. Brown, Craig S. Conoscenti, Jan De Backer, Kevin R. Flaherty, James F. Gruden, Eric A. Hoffman, Stephen M. Humphries, Joseph Jacob, Toby M. Maher, Ganesh Raghu, Luca Richeldi, Brian D. Ross, Rozsa Schlenker-Herceg, Nicola Sverzellati, Athol U. Wells, Fernando J. Martinez, David A. Lynch, Jonathan Goldin, Simon L. F. Walsh
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2018)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic lung disease with great variability in disease severity and rate of progression. The need for a reliable, sensitive, and objective biomarker to track disease progression and response to therapy remains a great challenge in IPF clinical trials. Over the past decade, quantitative computed tomography (QCT) has emerged as an area of intensive research to address this need. We have gathered a group of pulmonologists, radiologists and scientists with expertise in this area to define the current status and future promise of this imaging technique in the evaluation and management of IPF. In this Pulmonary Perspective, we review the development and validation of six computer-based QCT methods and offer insight into the optimal use of an imaging-based biomarker as a tool for prognostication, prediction of response to therapy, and potential surrogate endpoint in future therapeutic trials.
Direct Current Cardioversion
Authors: D A Fitzmaurice
Journal: JAMA (1978)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A quarter of US adults with health insurance are underinsured, report finds
Authors: M. McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2015)

About 31 million US adults who have health insurance still face such high out-of-pocket expenses or have such high deductibles that many struggle to pay their medical bills and forgo care because of cost, a new report says.1

Most Americans, more than 150 million, get their health insurance through their employers, and in recent years many companies have been shifting the cost of coverage to their employees in the form of higher deductibles and copayments. Insurance plans purchased by individuals also often have high out-of-pocket expenses and deductibles.

For the new report the researchers, from the independent health policy foundation the Commonwealth Fund, looked at how many US adults with insurance faced such high out-of-pocket costs or deductibles—the amount they must pay before their insurer starts paying for care—that they were essentially “underinsured.” Data from the report came from the Commonwealth Fund’s biennial health insurance survey for 2014. Sara R Collins, the fund’s vice president for healthcare coverage and access, was the paper’s lead author.

Collins and her colleagues considered respondents …
DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN NEOPLASTIC AND NON-NEOPLASTIC DIMINUTIVE COLORECTAL POLYPS WITH FUJINON BLUE LIGHT IMAGING ELECTRONIC CHROMOENDOSCOPY WITH AND WITHOUT OPTICAL MAGNIFICATION – A RANDOMIZED, PROSPECTIVE, MULTICENTER TRIAL
Authors: M Szalai, L Oczella, Z Dubravcsik, A Szepes, P Miheller, L Madácsy
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Real-time, optical differentiation between neoplastic and non-neoplastic diminutive colorectal polyps is essential during colonoscopy. While adenomas are neoplastic, therefore require polypectomy and histology, hyperplastic polyps never turn malignant and in the future they may be discharged after endoscopic therapy. The aim of our prospective, randomized, multicenter study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of Fujinon blue light imaging (BLI) electronic chromoendoscopy in the differentiation of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diminutive colorectal polyps.