tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Long-term clinical outcomes in large colorectal polyps with indefinite or positive resection margin after endoscopic resection
Authors: D. Kang, H. Kim, C. Choi, S. Park, S. Kim, H. Nam, D. Ryu, J. Ko, H. Kim, B. Kwon, K. Lee, J. Lee, J. Lee
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Introduction: Large colorectal polyps are often incompletely resected during colonoscopy, and incomplete resection might contribute to the recurrence after endoscopic resection. In indefinite or positive resection margin in pathology after complete endoscopic resection, local recurrence was not well known. We evaluated the long-term clinical outcomes in large, sessile or flat colorectal polyps with indefinite or positive resection margin after complete endoscopic resection. Methods: Patients with large size (≥10 mm), sessile or flat shape, indefinite or positive resection margin in pathologic report, and more than 24 months of follow-up intervals were enrolled. Associations between local recurrence and polyp location, size, resection methods, piecemeal resection, complications, and histology were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Of 125 neoplastic polyps (105 patients; 70.5% males; mean age, 53.9 years) were resected, 82 (65.6%) were indefinite and 43 (34.4%) were positive in resection margin, respectively. During follow-up periods (24∼86 months, mean 42.7), recurrence occurred in 2.4% (3/125). Mean time to recurrence was 41.7 months. All recurrent lesions were low-grade adenomas and successfully treated endoscopically. In univariate analysis and multivariate analysis, ≥30 mm size (OR 67.87, p = 0.006; OR 24.37; p = <0.001), ≥3 pieces of resection (OR 83.63, p = 0.004; OR 28.95, p = <0.001), and perforation (OR 147.0, p = 0.004; OR 41.13, p = <0.001) were significantly related with recurrence, respectively. Conclusion: Following resection with indefinite or positive resection margin after complete endoscopic resection in large colorectal polyp, recurrence rate was lower than expected. Short-term follow-up colonoscopy in these conditions may be not required.
Risk factors of colorectal cancer in Linxian, China: A nutrition intervention trial with 30 years follow-up
Authors: H. Keskin, A. Etemadi, P. Taylor
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that some dietary factors and vitamins/minerals are associated with the risk of CRC. The Nutrition Intervention Trial (NIT) tested whether daily multivitamin/mineral supplements could reduce the incidence and mortality rate of esophageal/gastric cardia cancer. The current study evaluated the CRC risk factors at the NIT population. Methods: After over than 30 years follow-up, 179 CRC cases were identified. Risk factors were evaluated for the development of CRC among 29,594 adults supplemented for 5.25 years according a 24 fractional factorial study design between 1986 and 1991 [factor A (5000 IU vitamin A and 22.5 mg zinc oxide), factor B (3.2mg riboflavin and 40 mg niacin), factor C (120 mg ascorbic acid and 30 ug molybdenum), and factor D (50 ug selenium, 30 mg alpha-tocopherol, and 15 mg beta-carotene)]. Using this large cohort with 30 years of follow-up that was initially established as a randomized controlled trial of upper gastrointestinal cancer and multivitamin/mineral intake conducted in rural Linxian, China, we evaluated whether demographic characteristics, food items, and intake of vitamins/minerals are associated with the risk of CRC development. Results: When the effects of four different intervention factors were assessed in the total cohort, no associations were observed. However, subgroup analyses showed that CRC was decreased by 38% in females who received Factor D (selenium/alpha-tocopherol/beta-carotene) (RR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.43-0.92, P = 0.015) compared to females who did not get Factor D. Conclusion: This study showed that increased risk of CRC was associated with age, height, and weight. Furthermore, piped water, increased consumption of food cooked in oil, eggs, fresh vegetables, and fruits were associated with increased risk of CRC. However, higher intake of selenium, alpha-tocopherol, and beta-carotene were protective factors for CRC risk. Some of these associations were dependent on the age and gender subgroups. To account for the racial/ethnic differences of the intervention effect we were not able to find similar multivitamin intervention studies' information from the Chinese population, therefore we had to review other studies of immigrants or other countries. This is one of the largest and most comprehensive evaluations of CRC risk factors in rural Chinese people to date by the prospective design randomize clinical intervention cohort study.
Combined Transarterial Embolization/Chemoembolization-Based Locoregional Treatment with Sorafenib Prolongs the Survival in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Preserved Liver Function: A Propensity Score Matching Study
Authors: Shih-Chieh Chien, Chiung-Yu Chen, Pin-Nan Cheng, Yi-Shan Liu, Hsiu-Chi  Cheng, Chiao-Hsiung Chuang, Ting-Tsung Chang, Hong-Chi Chiu, Yih-Jyh Lin, Yen-Cheng Chiu
Journal: Liver Cancer (2018)

Sorafenib is the standard treatment for patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the treatment outcome is not satisfactory. We retrospectively analyzed whether adding transarterial embolization/chemoembolization (TA(C)E)-based locoregional therapy to sorafenib can further improve treatment efficacy.We included 147 BCLC stage C HCC patients with Child-Turcotte-Pugh class A liver function and treated with sorafenib for analysis. Through propensity score matching, we divided patients into the combined treatment group (n = 63; patients received TA(C)E-based locoregional treatment and sorafenib) and the sorafenib monotherapy group (n = 63). We analyzed the effects of patients' clinical and tumor-related factors on their overall survival (OS) and time to tumor progression.The OS was better in the combined treatment group than in the sorafenib monotherapy group (419 vs. 223 days, p = 0.028). In the Cox regression model, combined treatment, a lower baseline α-fetoprotein (AFP) level < 400 ng/mL, tumors without main portal venous tumorous thrombosis, and age ≥60 years were identified as independent factors for OS. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that patients with a higher baseline AFP level > 400 ng/mL, age < 60 years, tumors with branched portal venous tumorous thrombosis only or without extrahepatic metastasis benefited the most from combined treatment.Combining TA(C)E-based locoregional treatment with sorafenib resulted in better OS in patients with BCLC stage C HCC compared with sorafenib alone. TA(C)E-based locoregional treatment can be an adjunctive treatment to sorafenib for patients with advanced HCC and a satisfactory liver functional reserve.
Clinical significance of microsatellite instability in gender-dependent patients with right-sided colorectal cancer
Authors: J. Choi, J. Kim, S. Han, M. Park, S. Park
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) with microsatellite instability (MSI) are known to have better prognosis compared to those with microsatellite stable (MSS). Recent studies reported that there are biological differences according to tumor location in CRC. In this study, we aimed to identify the clinical significance of MSI in patients with right-sided CRC. Methods: Between October 2004 and December 2016, medical records from a total of 1,009 patients with CRC were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with MSI testing were included in the analysis. We assessed the long-term outcomes of MSI according to the tumor location using the Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models. Results: The median follow-up duration was 25 months (interquartile range, 15 - 38). The patients with MSI were 124 (12.3%) and those with right-sided CRC were 250 (24.8%). The patients with MSI who have right-sided CRC showed better disease free survival (DFS) than those with MSS in Log-rank test (p=0.013). And these results were prominent in female (p=0.035), but not in male who have right-sided CRC. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, MSS was significant risk factor predicting poor DFS in patients with right-sided CRC (HR 3.21, 95% CI 1.13 - 9.14, p=0.029), and these results were found only in female patients (HR 4.83, 95% CI 1.06 - 21.95, p=0.042). Conclusion: In this study, we identified that MSI is a useful factor to predict DFS in patients with right-sided CRC, especially in female patients.
MBCL-10. TREATMENT OUTCOMES AND COMPLICATION RATES OF SINGLE VERSUS TANDEM AUTOLOGOUS TRANSPLANT FOR REGIMENS FOR MEDULLOBLASTOMA
Authors: Ashley S Plant, Clement Ma, Derek Shyr, Michelle A Lee, Susan N Chi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

Treatment outcomes for medulloblastoma have improved with the use of craniospinal irradiation and chemotherapy but such therapy has resulted in poor neurologic outcomes for young patients. For children < 6 years old, chemotherapy-only regimens with autologous transplant have been implemented with the intention of avoiding long-term neurologic sequelae. It is not yet known whether single or tandem autologous transplantation is superior with respect to efficacy and/or safety. We performed a retrospective review of children with medulloblastoma treated at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute/Boston Children’s Hospital from 1996 to 2016 with either single or tandem autologous transplantation after completion of induction chemotherapy. We compared overall survival (OS), event free survival (EFS), clinical factors, and complication rates between patients who received single vs tandem transplants. Among 24 patients, 12 (50%) received tandem transplants. Median age at diagnosis was 3.0 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 2.3-4.3) and median follow up time was 3.6 years (IQR = 2.0-7.9). There was no significant difference in extent of resection (p = 0.32) but a trend towards more metastatic disease (p=0.09) in the single transplant group. There was no difference in 5-year OS (69.51% (+/-12.41)) and EFS (p>0.66) between groups. Trends towards longer antibiotic duration (p = 0.20) and increased number of platelet transfusions (p = 0.10) were seen with the tandem regimen though shorter hospital stay per transplant (p =0.01) and faster time to engraftment (p=0.0005). Despite the single transplant group having double the number of patients with metastatic disease, survival and safety outcomes were similar between the two transplant approaches.
Transcription Factor YY1 Promotes Cell Proliferation by Directly Activating the Pentose Phosphate Pathway
Authors: Shourong Wu, Huimin Wang, Yanjun Li, Yudan Xie, Can Huang, Hezhao Zhao, Makoto Miyagishi, Vivi Kasim
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Tumor cells alter their metabolism to meet their demand for macromolecules and support a high rate of proliferation as well as cope with oxidative stress. The transcription factor yin yang 1 (YY1) is upregulated in various types of tumors and is crucial for tumor cell proliferation and metastasis. However, its role in tumor cell metabolic reprogramming is poorly understood. Here, we show that YY1 alters tumor cell metabolism by activating glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway. By stimulating the pentose phosphate pathway, YY1 enhanced production of nucleotides and DNA synthesis, decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, and promoted antioxidant defense by supplying increased reducing power in the form of NADPH. Importantly, YY1-mediated regulation of the pentose phosphate pathway in tumor cells occurred not through p53, but rather through direct activation of G6PD transcription by YY1. Regulation of pentose phosphate pathway activity through G6PD was strongly related to YY1-induced proliferation of tumor cells and tumorigenesis. Together, our results describe a novel role for YY1 in regulating G6PD in a p53-independent manner, which links its function in tumorigenesis to metabolic reprogramming in tumor cells. Significance: This study reveals a novel role for YY1 in regulating G6PD and activating the pentose phosphate pathway, linking its function in tumorigenesis to metabolic reprogramming. Cancer Res; 78(16); 4549–62. ©2018 AACR.
QOL-44. NEW APPROACHES OF ONCOLOGY REHABILITATION IN CHILDREN: TECHNOTHERAPY – SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Irem Kurt, Müberra Tanriverdi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

Oncology rehabilitation improves health outcomes variety in survivors. Less is known about the components of rehabilitation essential for improving outcomes. Study purpose was to update evidence based technotherapy in pediatric oncology rehabilitation by systematically examining literature. PRISMA statement conduct review was followed. Two authors (IK, MT) independently conducted systematic literature searches January 2018, using electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane, PEDro, published 1982-2018. Keywords/Mesh terms: “pediatric, childhood, neurooncology, brain tumors, central nervous system tumors, glioma, astrocytic tumors, medulloblastoma, posterior fossa tumors, technotherapy, physiotherapy, rehabilitation, augmented reality-virtual reality (VR), exergaming, Nintendo, Xbox, active video gaming”. Randomized controlled English clinical trials are included; Studies that were published as “review”, “protocol”, “books”, “news”, not reach full text and not related physiotherapy excluded. After articles had been reached, used QUADAS-2 checklist for methodological quality. 96 articles were identified, 4 (published 2014-2018) met eligibility criteria, selected for present systematic review: physical activity, body coordination, psychosocial intervention and cognitive efficacy. Evaluation methods; Movement Assessment Battery for Children, German motor performance, Grooved Pegboard, PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale, Kidscreen-Health Related Quality of Life, Short version of physical self-description and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function. “Nintendo Wii” and “X-Box Kinect” were used in treatments. Treatments; 30-47minutes, 24-60sessions, 8-12weeks. VR exercises have similar functional development effects with conventional, more useful than biopsychosocial with motivational effects. Guideline for subject, evaluation and treatment methods not clearly expressed. Methodological work homogeneous participants, which exercises can chosen specific way. Now very few intervention studies with pediatric cancer survivors have been published. Investigation of different training methods in a group of children in need of support is major importance.
Varying distribution of tissue plasminogen activators in gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma
Authors: O. Kit, E. Frantsiyants, L. Kozlova, A. Maslov, E. Kolesnikov, E. Dzhenkova, N. Samoylenko
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Introduction: The purpose of the study was to compare the activity of urokinase (uPA) and tissue (tPA) plasminogen activators and the content of their proenzyme forms (pro-uPA, pro-tPA) in adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (EA), stomach (SA), pancreatic head (PHA), sigmoid colon (SCA) and rectum (RA). Methods: Tissues of tumors, perifocal area and resection line tissues were studied by ELISA in 143 patients (38-74 years) with EA (n=12, G2, T2-3N0-1M0), SA (n=28, G2, T2-3N0-1M0), PHA (n=46, G2, T2-4N0M0), SCA (n=31, G2, T2-3N0-1M0) and RA (n=26, G2, T2-3N0-1M0). Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica 10 program. Results: The tumor levels of pro-uPA and pro-tPA were the highest in SA: SA>RA>SCA>EA>PHA (p<0.01). The pro-uPA levels in tumors were higher than in the resection line in all cases (p<0.01). Levels of pro-tPA in EA, SCA and RA were lower than in the resection line (p<0.01). Tumor levels of pro-tPA in SA were similar to the values in perifocal tissues, and were 3.1-213 times higher than in other tumors. Perifocal levels of pro-uPA and pro-tPA were the highest in SA: SA>SCA>RA>EA>PHA (p<0.01). In EA and PHA, the perifocal levels of pro-uPA were lower than in resection line tissues (p<0.01), while in SA, SCA and RA they were higher (p<0.01). Perifocal levels of pro-tPA in EA and PHA were lower than in the resection line tissues (p<0.01), in SCA and RA – similar, in SA – exceeded the levels in all studied samples by 1-2 orders of magnitude (p<0.0001). The resection line tissues in EA showed the maximal pro-uPA content, while their uPA activity was similar to that in other tumors; the lowest levels of both components were observed in PHA. Pro-uPA and uPA in resection line tissues in other tumors varied but were comparable. Pro-uPA and uPA in all adenocarcinomas were higher in tumors than in surrounding tissues. The results confirmed the literature data that malignant tumors are capable of secreting pro-uPA and uPA into the surrounding tissue. Distribution of pro-tPA and tPA varied. The highest activity of tPA was observed in perifocal and tumor tissues in SA (p<0.0001, compared to other tumors), and then in perifocal and tumor tissues of SCA and RA, EA and PHA (p<0.01). Activity of tPA in PHA tumors was 1.3 times higher (p<0.05) than in resection line tissues. In SCA, activity of tPA was 1.3 times lower (p<0.05) than in resection line tissues. In RA, it decreased from the resection line to the tumor by 1.3 and 2.3 times, respectively. The levels were similar in resection line tissues in SCA and RA, being 2.5-128 times higher than in other tumors. Conclusion: All adenocarcinomas secrete pro-uPA and uPA into surrounding tissues. The rate of pro-uPA secretion by the tumor and its activation into uPA in PHA differ from that in other tumors. In SA and PHA, tPA is a tumor-associated protein and has damaging functions. In EA, SCA and RA, tPA can play a protective role.
Single-cell profiling of breast cancer T cells reveals a tissue-resident memory subset associated with improved prognosis
Authors: Peter Savas, Balaji Virassamy, Chengzhong Ye, Agus Salim, Christopher P. Mintoff, Franco Caramia, Roberto Salgado, David J. Byrne, Zhi L. Teo, Sathana Dushyanthen, Ann Byrne, Lironne Wein, Stephen J. Luen, Catherine Poliness, Sophie S. Nightingale, Anita S. Skandarajah, David E. Gyorki, Chantel M. Thornton, Paul A. Beavis, Stephen B. Fox, Phillip K. Darcy, Terence P. Speed, Laura K. Mackay, Paul J. Neeson, Sherene Loi
Journal: Nature Medicine (2018)
Safety and efficacy of rasagiline as an add-on therapy to riluzole in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial
Authors: Albert C Ludolph, Joachim Schuster, Johannes Dorst, Luc Dupuis, Jens Dreyhaupt, Jochen H Weishaupt, Jan Kassubek, Ulrike Weiland, Susanne Petri, Thomas Meyer, Julian Grosskreutz, Berthold Schrank, Matthias Boentert, Alexander Emmer, Andreas Hermann, Daniel Zeller, Johannes Prudlo, Andrea S Winkler, Torsten Grehl, Michael T Heneka, Siw Wollebæk Johannesen, Bettina Göricke, Andreas Funke, Dagmar Kettemann, Robert Meyer, Thomas Meyer, Torsten Grehl, Kai Gruhn, Peter Schwenkreis, Philipp Stude, Michael	T Heneka, Delia Kurzwelly, Andreas Hermann, Alexander Storch, Nicole Richter, Tobias Frank, Bettina Göricke, Katharina Hein, Alexander Emmer, Frank Hanisch, Dagmar Hanke, Torsten Kraya, Andreas Posa, Martina Romanakova, Susanne Schilling, Susanne Abdulla, Sebastian Böselt, Dagmar Hanke, Claas Janssen, Imken Lange, Xenia Kobeleva, Sonja Körner, Katja Kollewe, Alma Osmanovic, Susanne Petri, Nicole Scharn, Klaus J Rath, Christiane Dahms, Julian Grosskreutz, Anne Gunkel, Bianka Heiling, Thomas Ringer, Uta Smesny, Sarah Baumeister, Achim Berthele, Sarah Bublitz, Andrea S Winkler, Esra Akova-Öztürk, Matthias Boentert, Bianca Stubbe-Dräger, Alexandra Rahmann, Charlotte Young, Peter Young, Dobri Baldaranov, Ulrich Bogdahn, Siw Wollebæk Johannesen, Andrei Khomenko, Wilhelm Schulte-Mattler, Christina Stadler, Susanne Husung, Johannes Prudlo, Simone Tesar, Nigar Dargah-Zaden, Christina Last, Eva Langer, Albert C Ludolph, Jochen H Weishaupt, Ulrike Weiland, Ann-Sophie Lauenstein, Eckard Lensch, Carolyn Mc Farlane, Heike Fischer-Brasse, Klara Orbán, Bertold Schrank, Sonja Schürger, Stephan Klebe, Peter Kraft, Thomas Musacchio, Carola Seiler, Daniel Zeller
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2018)
NFM-04. INITIAL MANAGEMENT STRATEGY AS A DISCRIMINATOR OF VISUAL OUTCOME IN CHILDREN PRESENTING WITH NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1 AND OPTIC PATHWAY GLIOMA - RESULTS FROM A SOCIÉTÉ INTERNATIONALE D’ONCOLOGIE PÉDIATRIQUE EUROPE (SIOPE) CLINICAL TRIALS WORKSHOP
Authors: Amedeo A Azizi, David A Walker, Jo-Fen Liu, Astrid Sehested, Timothy Jaspan, Ian Simmons, Rosalie Ferner, Jacques Grill, Darren Hargrave, Pablo Hernaiz-Driever, D Gareth Evans, Enrico Opocher
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is commonly associated with optic pathway gliomas (OPG) in childhood. Data on natural history are lacking and clinical trials of chemotherapy, so far, have not reported visual outcomes. In the 2014 SIOPE NF1-OPG Nottingham Workshop a convenience cohort was assembled and studied to inform a consensus on imaging and visual function classification and a schematic for recording visual acuity results. An expert group of ophthalmologists, paediatric neurooncologists, neurofibromatosis specialists and neuro-radiologists identified 83 NF1-OPG patients (46 females, mean age 5·1 ± 2·6 years; 1-13·1 years) from six European countries. All patients (recruited between 2004 and 2012) were registered in the SIOP LGG-2004 trial. They were either observed or received treatment at diagnosis or after follow-up. Visual data were analysed to explore changes over time. 154 eyes in 77 patients were analysed. When starting treatment, visual acuity (VA) was worse in patients being treated at diagnosis (p=0·046). VA remained unchanged in the observation group. Compared to patients treated at diagnosis, children treated after observation less frequently developed further vision loss or dropped to near-blindness/blindness, indicating a better overall visual status at end of treatment. Of 16 patients worsening during observation, Vincristine/Carboplatin could improve vision in 7. Initial management strategy determined different visual outcomes, justifying criteria for observation versus immediate or delayed treatment in future trials with primary visual outcome measures. The adverse outcome for those treated immediately may suggest unnoticed, irreversible nerve damage advocating initiation of trials seeking to recognise and reverse incipient nerve damage.