tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 18737: Effect of Non-Statin Lipid-Lowering Drug Therapy on Coronary Plaque Composition as Assessed by Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography
Authors: Amanda Su, Inge van den Hoogen, Yao Lu, Asim Rizvi, Daniel Berman, Tracy Callister, Augustin DeLago, Martin Hadamitzky, Joerg Hausleiter, Mouaz Al-Mallah, Matthew Budoff, Philipp Kaufmann, Gilbert Raff, Kavitha Chinnaiyan, Filippo Cademartiri, Erica Maffei, Todd Villines, Yong-Jin Kim, Jonathon Leipsic, Gudrun Feuchtner, Gianluca Pontone, Daniele Andreini, Hugo Marques, Ronen Rubinshtein, Stephan Achenbach, Leslee Shaw, Allison Dunning, Hyuk-Jae Chang, Benjamin Chow, Ricardo Cury, Millie Gomez, Niree Hindoyan, Erica C Jones, Jessica M Peña, Fay Y Lin, James K Min, Subhi J Al'Aref
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Statin therapy effectively prevents cardiovascular events. Non-statin lipid-lowering drug therapy (NS-LLDT) is typically used as second-line therapy in patients intolerant to statins....
Self-harm in a primary care cohort of older people: incidence, clinical management, and risk of suicide and other causes of death
Authors: Catharine Morgan, Roger T Webb, Matthew J Carr, Evangelos Kontopantelis, Carolyn A Chew-Graham, Nav Kapur, Darren M Ashcroft
Journal: The Lancet Psychiatry (2018)

BackgroundSelf-harm is a major risk factor for suicide, with older adults (older than 65 years) having reportedly greater suicidal intent than any other age group. With the aging population rising and paucity of research focus in this age group, the extent of the problem of self-harm needs to be established. In a primary care cohort of older adults we aimed to investigate the incidence of self-harm, subsequent clinical management, prevalence of mental and physical diagnoses, and unnatural-cause mortality risk, including suicide.MethodsThe UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink contains anonymised patient records from general practice that routinely capture clinical information pertaining to both primary and secondary care services. We identified 4124 adults aged 65 years and older with a self-harm episode ascertained from Read codes recorded during 2001–14. We calculated standardised incidence and in 2854 adults with at least 12 months follow-up examined the frequency of psychiatric referrals and prescription of psychotropic medication after self-harm. We estimated prevalence of mental and physical illness diagnoses before and after self-harm and, using Cox regression in a matched cohort, we examined cause-specific mortality risks.FindingsOverall incidence of self-harm in older adults aged 65 years and older was 4·1 per 10 000 person-years with stable gender-specific rates observed over the 13-year period. After self-harm, 335 (11·7%) of 2854 adults were referred to mental health services, 1692 (59·3%) were prescribed an antidepressant, and 336 (11·8%) were prescribed a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA). Having a diagnosed previous mental illness was twice as prevalent in the self-harm cohort as in the comparison cohort (prevalence ratio 2·10 [95% CI 2·03–2·17]) and with a previous physical health condition prevalence was 20% higher in the self-harm cohort compared to the comparison cohort (1·20 [1·17–1·23]). Adults from the self-harm cohort (n=2454) died from unnatural causes an estimated 20 times more frequently than the comparison cohort (n=48 921) during the first year. A markedly elevated risk of suicide (hazard ratio 145·4 [95% CI 53·9–392·3]) was observed in the self-harm cohort.InterpretationWithin primary care, we have identified a group of older adults at high risk from unnatural death, particularly within the first year of self-harm. We have highlighted a high frequency of prescription of TCAs, known to be potentially fatally toxic in overdose. We emphasise the need for early intervention, careful alternative prescribing, and increased support when older adults consult after an episode of self-harm and with other health conditions.FundingNational Institute for Health Research Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre.
Trauma-Informed Care — Reflections of a Primary Care Doctor in the Week of the Kavanaugh Hearing
Authors: Eve Rittenberg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Interview with Dr. Eve Rittenberg on providing patient-centered and compassionate care for people who have experienced trauma. (11:30)Download Stories of abuse, of trauma inflicted by people with power, have permeated a primary care physician's sessions with patients over recent weeks. Many patients name the Kavanaugh hearings as a source of dread: the news has brought back memories of their own experiences.
Screening for Intimate Partner Violence, Elder Abuse, and Abuse of Vulnerable Adults
Authors: Susan J. Curry, Alex H. Krist, Douglas K. Owens, Michael J. Barry, Aaron B. Caughey, Karina W. Davidson, Chyke A. Doubeni, John W Epling, David C. Grossman, Alex R. Kemper, Martha Kubik, Ann Kurth, C. Seth Landefeld, Carol M. Mangione, Michael Silverstein, Melissa A. Simon, Chien-Wen Tseng, John B. Wong
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Intimate partner violence (IPV) and abuse of older or vulnerable adults are common in the United States but often remain undetected. In addition to the immediate effects of IPV, such as injury and death, there are other health consequences, many with long-term effects, including development of mental health conditions such as depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, and suicidal behavior; sexually transmitted infections; unintended pregnancy; and chronic pain and other disabilities. Long-term negative health effects from elder abuse include death, higher risk of nursing home placement, and adverse psychological consequences.To update the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2013 recommendation on screening for IPV, elder abuse, and abuse of vulnerable adults.The USPSTF commissioned a review of the evidence on screening for IPV in adolescents, women, and men; for elder abuse; and for abuse of vulnerable adults.The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that screening for IPV in women of reproductive age and providing or referring women who screen positive to ongoing support services has a moderate net benefit. There is adequate evidence that available screening instruments can identify IPV in women. The evidence does not support the effectiveness of brief interventions or the provision of information about referral options in the absence of ongoing supportive intervention components. The evidence demonstrating benefit of ongoing support services is predominantly found in studies of pregnant or postpartum women. The benefits and harms of screening for elder abuse and abuse of vulnerable adults are uncertain, and the balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined.The USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen for IPV in women of reproductive age and provide or refer women who screen positive to ongoing support services. (B recommendation) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for abuse and neglect in all older or vulnerable adults. (I statement).
GW29-e1267 Correlations of DAPT score and PRECISE-DAPT score with the extent of coronary stenosis in acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Chenglong Zhang, Fengjuan Li, Tianyi Long, Fei Li, Liming Peng, Ke Xia, Qiying Xie, Xiangwei Liu, Ran Jing, Tianlun Yang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Correlation, in a real-world setting, between clinical-disease characteristics and compliance with immunotherapy in solid metastatic tumors: First results of an Italian CORE-IMMUNO study
Authors: C. Masini, A. Berselli, M. Banzi, C. Bonelli, A. Romagnani, M. Pagano, A. Damato, G. Prati, E. Gasparini, G. Moretti, I.T. Lorenzetti, F. Zanelli, F. Iachetta, C. Pinto
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
The Redemption of Noise: Inference with Neural Populations
Authors: Rodrigo Echeveste, Máté Lengyel
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (2018)

In 2006, Ma et al. (Nat. Neurosci. 1006;9:1432-1438) presented an elegant theory for how populations of neurons might represent uncertainty to perform Bayesian inference. Critically, according to this theory, neural variability is no longer a nuisance, but rather a vital part of how the brain encodes probability distributions and performs computations with them.
GW29-e1093 Factors Influencing Hypertensive’s Salt-Reduction Behavior: A Qualitative Study Guided by Health Belief Model
Authors: Xing Zhang, Xiaorou Zhu, Ying Shen, Ying Cai, Jing Dong, Xiaolei Guo, Jixiang Ma, Xinying Sun
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Antiemetic efficacy and safety of olanzapine for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Akari Murakami, Hitoshi Kawazoe, Michiko Yamashita, Kanako Nishiyama, Kana Taguchi, Reina Aoki, Erina Kusakabe, Haruna Yamasawa, Hiroaki Asai, Yoshihiro Yakushijin, Yoshiaki Kamei
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
A phase II study of preoperative chemoradiation plus sorafenib (S) for high-risk extremity soft tissue sarcomas (STS)
Authors: C.W. Ryan, L.E. Davis, Y.-C. Doung, J.L. Davis, A.Y. Hung, J.B. Hayden, K.R. Gundle, J.T. Vetto, A. Mansoor, B.R. Beckett, P. Norr, S. Bertolone-Smith, W. Huang
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Trends in the Incidence and Recurrence of Inpatient-Treated Spontaneous Pneumothorax, 1968-2016
Authors: Rob J. Hallifax, Raph Goldacre, Martin J. Landray, Najib M. Rahman, Michael J. Goldacre
Journal: JAMA (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> Spontaneous pneumothorax is a common disease known to have an unusual epidemiological profile, but there are limited contemporary population-based data. <h3>Objective</h3> To estimate the incidence of hospital admissions for spontaneous pneumothorax, its recurrence and trends over time using large, longstanding hospitalization data sets in England. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A population-based epidemiological study was conducted using an English national data set and an English regional data set, each spanning 1968 to 2016, and including 170 929 hospital admission records of patients 15 years and older. Final date of the study period was December 31, 2016. <h3>Exposures</h3> Calendar year (for incidence) and readmission to hospital for spontaneous pneumothorax (for recurrence). <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Primary outcomes were rates of hospital admissions for spontaneous pneumothorax and recurrence, defined as a subsequent hospital readmission with spontaneous pneumothorax. Record-linkage was used to identify multiple admissions per person and comorbidity. Risk factors for recurrence over 5 years of follow-up were assessed using cumulative time-to-failure analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression. <h3>Results</h3> From 1968 to 2016, there were 170 929 hospital admissions for spontaneous pneumothorax (median age, 44 years [IQR, 26-88]; 73.0% male). In 2016, there were 14.1 spontaneous pneumothorax admissions per 100 000 population 15 years and older (95% CI, 13.7-14.4), a significant increase compared with earlier years, up from 9.1 (95% CI, 8.1-10.1) in 1968. The population-based rate per 100 000 population 15 years and older was higher for males (20.8 [95% CI, 20.2-21.4]) than for females (7.6 [95% CI, 7.2-7.9]). Of patients with spontaneous pneumothorax, 60.8% (95% CI, 59.5%-62.0%) had chronic lung disease. Record-linkage analysis demonstrated that the overall increase in admissions over time could be due in part to an increase in repeat admissions, but there were also significant increases in the annual rate of first-known spontaneous pneumothorax admissions in some population subgroups, for example in women 65 years and older (annual percentage change from 1968 to 2016, 4.08 [95% CI, 3.33-4.82],<i>P</i> &lt; .001). The probability of recurrence within 5 years was similar by sex (25.5% [95% CI, 25.1%-25.9%] for males vs 26.0% [95% CI, 25.3%-26.7%] for females), but there was variation by age group and presence of chronic lung disease. For example, the probability of readmission within 5 years among males aged 15 to 34 years with chronic lung disease was 39.2% (95% CI, 37.7%-40.7%) compared with 19.6% (95% CI, 18.2%-21.1%) in men 65 years and older without chronic lung disease. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This study provides contemporary information regarding the trends in incidence and recurrence of inpatient-treated spontaneous pneumothorax.
Abstract 12588: Invasive Therapies Reduce Cardiovascular Death but Not Sudden Cardiac Death in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Shuo-yan An, Yin-jian Yang, Chao-Mei Fan, Shu-bin Qiao, Shui-yun Wang, Yun-hu Song, Jian-song Yuan, Shi-jie You, Xi-ying Guo, Shan-shan Zhai, Zhi-min Wang, Fu-jian Duan, Xiu-ling Zhang, Xing Zhao, Fengqi Wang, Hongguang Zhu, Aiqing Lin, Xia Wu, Yi-shi Li
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: Data on survival after medical therapy, alcohol septal ablation (ASA) and myectomy of Asian patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) were lacking. Besides, long-term effects of ASA and myectomy, especially on sudden cardiac death were controvertial. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that patients with obstructive HCM who were treated with invasive therapy had a favorable survival, similar to that of patients with non-obstructive HCM. Methods: This study included 1,065 consecutive patients with HCM (mean age 48±13 years, 64.3% male ) from 4 centers. A total of 750 patients (70.4%) had left ventricular outflow tract gradients ≥ 50 mm Hg, of whom 254 (23.8%) were treated medically, 236 (22.2%) underwent ASA, and 260 (24.4%) underwent myectomy. Primary endpoints were and aborted cardiac arrest. Results: The mean follow-up period was 5.5±3.7 years. The 5- and 10-year endpoint-free survival rates were similar among ASA patients(94.6% and 93.6%), myectomy patients (93.8% and 91.2%), and non-obstructive patients (95.6% and 93.4%), and better than that of medical therapy (85.9%, and 81.6%; log-rank p =0.004, = 0.025 and &lt;0.001, respectively). The incidence of sudden cardiac death was similar among the ASA group (2.2%), myectomy group (1.6%), medically treated group (3.5%) and non-obstructive HCM (1.6%) (P=0.53). For the total study population, independent determinants of the endpoints were female (HR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.03-2.66, P=0.037), unexplained syncope (HR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.07-2.71, P=0.026), and left atrial diameter (HR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.03-1.10, P&lt;0.001). For the obstructive HCM patients, invasive therapy (HR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.29-0.88, P=0.016), female (HR: 1.82, 95% CI:1.06-3.12, P=0.03) and left atrial diameter (HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01-1.09, P=0.01) were independently associated with primary endpoints. Conclusions: ASA and myectomy in patients with obstructive HCM have a low incidence of cardiovascular death, similar to that of patients with non-obstructive HCM. But sudden cardiac death was not improved after invasive therapies.
GW29-e0518 Prognostic value of triglyceride glucose index in patients with stable coronary artery disease: A nested case-control study
Authors: Jinglu Jin, Yuanlin Guo, Naqiong Wu, Chenggang Zhu, Ying Gao, Qiuting Dong, Huiwen Zhang, Di Sun, Geng Liu, Qian Dong, Jianjun Li
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Abstract 19188: Association of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol With Non-Fatal Cardiac and Non-Cardiac Events: A CANHEART Primary Prevention Sub-Study
Authors: Harindra C Wijeysundera, Maria Koh, Helen Guo, Geoffrey Lau, David A Alter, Peter C Austin, Cynthia A Jackevicius, Jack V Tu, Dennis T Ko
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: Emerging evidence has questioned the role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We sought to understand the relations...
Phase Ib study (COSMIC-021) of cabozantinib in combination with atezolizumab: Results of the dose escalation stage in patients (pts) with treatment-naïve advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
Authors: N. Agarwal, U. Vaishampayan, M. Green, F. di Nucci, P.-Y. Chang, C. Scheffold, S. Pal
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
P3.17-20 Impact of Significant Primary Tumor Size Reduction on Radiation Dose to Normal Structures in Patients Receiving Definitive Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: M. Welliver, X. Mo, D. Gunderson, D. Dicostanzo, P. Wald, J. Bazan, T. Williams, K. Haglund, J. Grecula, G. Otterson, D. Carbone
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2018)
HIV diagnoses fall by a quarter after PrEP roll-out in Australia
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Giving pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to a proportion of men who have sex with men was effective at reducing the number of HIV diagnoses in the community, a study has found.

HIV diagnoses in gay men fell by 25% in the first year after the roll-out of PrEP in new South Wales, Australia, by which time about 20% of HIV negative gay men were receiving PrEP, the authors said in the Lancet HIV journal.1

The number of new HIV diagnoses in men in New South …
Fluorine-19 MRI for detection and quantification of immune cell therapy for cancer
Authors: Fanny Chapelin, Christian M Capitini, Eric T Ahrens
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2018)

Over the past two decades, immune cell therapy has emerged as a potent treatment for multiple cancers, first through groundbreaking leukemia therapy, and more recently, by tackling solid tumors. Developing successful therapeutic strategies using live cells could benefit from the ability to rapidly determine their in vivo biodistribution and persistence. Assaying cell biodistribution is unconventional compared to traditional small molecule drug pharmacokinetic readouts used in the pharmaceutical pipeline, yet this information is critical towards understanding putative therapeutic outcomes and modes of action. Towards this goal, efforts are underway to visualize and quantify immune cell therapy in vivo using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Cell labeling probes based on perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions, paired with fluorine-19 MRI detection, enables background-free quantification of cell localization and survival. Here, we highlight recent preclinical and clinical uses of perfluorocarbon probes and <sup>19</sup>F MRI for adoptive cell transfer (ACT) studies employing experimental T lymphocytes, NK, PBMC, and dendritic cell therapies. We assess the forward looking potential of this emerging imaging technology to aid discovery and preclinical phases, as well as clinical trials. The limitations and barriers towards widespread adoption of this technology, as well as alternative imaging strategies, are discussed.
Nephrotic syndrome in adults.
Authors: Viyaasan Mahalingasivam, John Booth, Michael Sheaff, Magdi Yaqoob
Journal: BMJ (1969)

Nephrotic syndrome is an important presentation of glomerular disease characterised by heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia and oedema. The differential diagnosis of the underlying condition is wide including primary renal disorders and secondary diseases such as malignancy, infection, diabetes and amyloid. Presentations to acute medicine may be with hypervolaemia, complications of the nephrotic state (such as venous thromboembolism), or complications of therapy (such as infection). Early recognition of nephrotic syndrome is possible through simple urinalysis for protein and testing serum albumin, although a high index of suspicion is sometimes required in patients with comorbidities including potentially distracting cardiac or hepatic diseases.
Retention in HIV care during the 3 years following release from incarceration: A cohort study
Authors: Kelsey B. Loeliger, Jaimie P. Meyer, Mayur M. Desai, Maria M. Ciarleglio, Colleen Gallagher, Frederick L. Altice
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2018)

Sustained retention in HIV care (RIC) and viral suppression (VS) are central to US national HIV prevention strategies, but have not been comprehensively assessed in criminal justice (CJ) populations with known health disparities. The purpose of this study is to identify predictors of RIC and VS following release from prison or jail.This is a retrospective cohort study of all adult people living with HIV (PLWH) incarcerated in Connecticut, US, during the period January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2011, and observed through December 31, 2014 (n = 1,094). Most cohort participants were unmarried (83.7%) men (77.0%) who were black or Hispanic (78.1%) and acquired HIV from injection drug use (72.6%). Prison-based pharmacy and custody databases were linked with community HIV surveillance monitoring and case management databases. Post-release RIC declined steadily over 3 years of follow-up (67.2% retained for year 1, 51.3% retained for years 1-2, and 42.5% retained for years 1-3). Compared with individuals who were not re-incarcerated, individuals who were re-incarcerated were more likely to meet RIC criteria (48% versus 34%; p < 0.001) but less likely to have VS (72% versus 81%; p = 0.048). Using multivariable logistic regression models (individual-level analysis for 1,001 individuals after excluding 93 deaths), both sustained RIC and VS at 3 years post-release were independently associated with older age (RIC: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.22-2.12; VS: AOR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.06-1.78), having health insurance (RIC: AOR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.60-2.89; VS: AOR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.53-2.64), and receiving an increased number of transitional case management visits. The same factors were significant when we assessed RIC and VS outcomes in each 6-month period using generalized estimating equations (for 1,094 individuals contributing 6,227 6-month periods prior to death or censoring). Additionally, receipt of antiretroviral therapy during incarceration (RIC: AOR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.07-1.65; VS: AOR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.56-2.34), early linkage to care post-release (RIC: AOR = 2.64, 95% CI = 2.03-3.43; VS: AOR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.45-2.21), and absolute time and proportion of follow-up time spent re-incarcerated were highly correlated with better treatment outcomes. Limited data were available on changes over time in injection drug use or other substance use disorders, psychiatric disorders, or housing status.In a large cohort of CJ-involved PLWH with a 3-year post-release evaluation, RIC diminished significantly over time, but was associated with HIV care during incarceration, health insurance, case management services, and early linkage to care post-release. While re-incarceration and conditional release provide opportunities to engage in care, reducing recidivism and supporting community-based RIC efforts are key to improving longitudinal treatment outcomes among CJ-involved PLWH.