tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Single-center experience with nivolumab in pretreated patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Authors: Bernardo Leon Rapoport, Teresa Smit, Ronwyn van Eeden
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

90 Background: Nivolumab, a fully human IgG4 programmed death 1 (PD-1) immune-checkpoint-inhibitor antibody, disrupts PD-1-mediated signaling and may restore antitumor immunity in NSCLC patients. Methods: A retrospective review of data from 20 patient records were used to describe the response of patients with NSCLC receiving treatment with Nivolumab after failing chemotherapy. Two patients were too early to evaluate. Results: A total of 18 patients (pts) (10 males and 8 females) were included in the analysis. The median age was 66 years (range 46-85). Adenocarcinoma was documented in 15 pts and squamous cell carcinoma in 3 pts. A Ros-1 positive mutation was documented in 1 pt, 3 EGFR positive mutations were recorded and no pts tested positive for ALK. All pts failed frontline treatment: 14 pts failed platinum based chemotherapy and 4 pts failed TKI-inhibitors (3 on erlotinib and 1 on crizotinib). Pts received a median of 4 cycles of nivolumab (range 1-16). The performance status ranged from 0 to 2 (median 1). The median number of metastatic sites was 3 (range 1-5). Four partial responses were documented (23.5% 95% CI 3-43%), with response durations of 232, 113, 63 and 30 days. Disease stabilization was documented in 7 pts. There were no complete responses so far, and 6 pts showed progressive disease. Two pts were too early to evaluate and one pt was non-evaluable (died due to progresive diease before treatment initiation). No responses were seen amongst the pts who received prior TKI treatment. Documented toxicities included pulmonitis in 2 pts, chest infections in 4 pts (one pt with documented tuberculosis), fatigue in 4 pts and skin rash, diarrhoea and headaches in 1 pt, respectively. The median survival was 124 days (13-289). Conclusions: In this retrospective study nivolumab was an active and well tolerated treatment in pts with pretreated NSCLC.
The utility of molecular profiling in clinical trial enrollment and monitoring.
Authors: Matthew Thomas Hardison, James Stover
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

12 Background: With the growing number of therapies that are directed against specific biomarkers, or discrete subsets of cancers, it is increasingly important to prospectively identify the most appropriate subjects for enrollment in a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Historically, clinical trial enrollment was strictly guided phenotypically. Subjects were included in a study simply based on presentation and disease progression, regardless of any underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: Aegis involves the use of multiple molecular genetic procedures to investigate clinical trial subjects, whether for enrollment or disease monitoring. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) to detect chromosomal aberrations and single-gene Sanger sequencing are utilized to identify subjects with abnormalities associated with cancers such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) prior to enrollment. Gene expression analysis using Nanostring digital RNA counting to stratify diffuse large B-cell lymphoma subjects, B-cell receptor clonal assessment through IgVH analyses, and next generation sequencing are also used to provide vital data throughout the clinical trial process. Results: The use of modern molecular genetic techniques increases and improves the data available to companies for subject enrollment, stratification, and monitoring throughout a clinical trial. Genetic analysis can indicate disease response through reduced mutation burden, changes in clonality of tumor cells, or a resolution of the underlying genetic cause. This data, in conjunction with clinical presentation is employed by pharmaceutical companies to design subsequent trial stages or identify additional potential disease states as targets for a particular therapeutic. Specifically, TP53 sequencing and FISH analysis in CLL are vital to assigning risk stratification to potential subjects. Conclusions: With the advent of immunotherapy and the precision nature of such therapeutic development, molecular profiling will continue to be a vital tool in the identification of optimal clinical trial subjects. This could ultimately lead to smaller, more definitive clinical trials, which would be helpful to clinicians and patients in terms of cost and time.
Antishear Stress Bionic Carbon Nanotube Mesh Coating with Intracellular Controlled Drug Delivery Constructing Small‐Diameter Tissue–Engineered Vascular Grafts
Authors: Ning Ding, Ce Dou, Yuxin Wang, Feila Liu, Ge Guan, Da Huo, Yanzhao Li, Jingyuan Yang, Keyu Wei, Mingcan Yang, Ju Tan, Wen Zeng, Chuhong Zhu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2018)

Abstract Small‐diameter (&lt;6 mm) tissue–engineered blood vessels (TEBVs) have a low patency rate due to chronic inflammation mediated intimal hyperplasia. Functional coating with drug release is a promising solution, but preventing the released drug from being rushed away by blood flow remains a great challenge. A single‐walled carboxylic acid functionalized carbon nanotube (C‐SWCNT) is used to build an irregular mesh for TEBV coating. However, an interaction between the released drug and the cells is still insufficient due to the blood flow. Thus, an intracellular drug delivery system mediated by macrophage cellular uptake is designed. Resveratrol (RSV) modified CNT is used for macrophage uptake. M1 macrophage uptakes CNT‐RSV and then converts to the M2 phenotype upon intracellular RSV release. Prohealing M2 macrophage inhibits the chronic inflammation thus maintains the contractile phenotype of the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC), which reduces intimal hyperplasia. Additionally, RSV released from the mesh coating also directly protects the contractile VSMCs from being converted to a secretory phenotype. Through antishear stress coating and macrophage‐based intracellular drug delivery, CNT‐RSV TEBVs exhibit a long‐term anti‐intimal hyperplasia function. Animal transplantation studies show that the patency rate remains high until day 90 after grafting in rat carotid arteries.
Molecular Signatures of Regression of the Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor
Authors: Dan Frampton, Hagen Schwenzer, Gabriele Marino, Lee M. Butcher, Gabriele Pollara, Janos Kriston-Vizi, Cristina Venturini, Rachel Austin, Karina Ferreira de Castro, Robin Ketteler, Benjamin Chain, Richard A. Goldstein, Robin A. Weiss, Stephan Beck, Ariberto Fassati
Journal: Cancer Cell (2018)

The canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a clonally transmissible cancer that regresses spontaneously or after treatment with vincristine, but we know little about the regression mechanisms. We performed global transcriptional, methylation, and functional pathway analyses on serial biopsies of vincristine-treated CTVTs and found that regression occurs in sequential steps; activation of the innate immune system and host epithelial tissue remodeling followed by immune infiltration of the tumor, arrest in the cell cycle, and repair of tissue damage. We identified CCL5 as a possible driver of CTVT regression. Changes in gene expression are associated with methylation changes at specific intragenic sites. Our results underscore the critical role of host innate immunity in triggering cancer regression.
FOLFIRINOX versus gemcitabine nab-paclitaxel for advanced pancreatic cancer: KU Cancer Center experience.
Authors: Anup Kasi, Akshay Middinti, An Cao, Pratikkumar Vekaria, Devangi Patel, Dipti Subramaniam, Guoqing J. Chen, Anwaar Mohammed Saeed, Ravi Kumar Paluri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e15744 Background: FOLFIRINOX (FFN) and Gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GN) have been established as first line chemotherapy in advanced pancreatic cancer (PC). But there is no head-to-head randomized trial data available to support preferable first line choice between these two regimens. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 154 chemotherapy-naïve locally advanced and metastatic PC patients treated with FFN or GN at KU Cancer Center between January 2011 and November 2016. FFN consisted of Oxaliplatin 85mg/m 2 , Irinotecan 180mg/m 2 , 5-FU 400mg/m 2 as a bolus and 2,400 mg/m 2 over 46 hour on days 1 and 15 every 4 weeks. GN consisted of Gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 plus nab-paclitaxel 125mg/m2 day1,8,15 every 4 weeks. We compared characteristics, efficacy and adverse events between FFN and GN. Results: 107 patients were treated with FFN and 47 patients with GN as first line therapy. Demographic and baseline characteristics (FFN/GN) were as follows: Median age 61/63 years, ECOG performance status (0-1): 90% / 83%, Gender (male): 57% / 54%, distant metastases: 52%/70%, biliary stenting: 41%/20%, locally advanced tumor: 48%/30%, pancreatic head tumors: 63%/55%, median number of cycles: 4/4 respectively. Objective response rate (13% vs. 10%), Stable disease rate (76% vs 82%) and disease control rate (89% vs. 92%, p = 0.5) were similar in FFN and in GN. Median PFS was 11.7 months (95% CI: 7.2-16.1) in FFN and 5.7 months (95% CI: 2.7-8.8) in GN [p = 0.07]. Median OS was 15.9 months (95% CI: 13.7-18.1) in FFN and 10.8 months (95% CI: 7.1 – 14.5) in GN [p = 0.17]. Incidences of grade 3 or higher adverse effects were neutropenia (33% vs. 17%), anemia (14% vs 31%), thrombocytopenia (28% vs 6%), elevated creatinine (2.8% vs 4%), elevated transminases (3.7% vs 6%), diarrhea (5% vs. 0%), and peripheral neuropathy (6% vs. 6%) respectively. Conclusions: Patients treated with FFN showed statistically better PFS compared to GN. However this difference in PFS did not translate into statistically significant difference in OS. Response rates were similar. Incidences of adverse events were relatively more with FFN compared to GN as expected.
RESTRICTION OF IMMIGRATION.
Journal: JAMA (1891)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P3.02-026 The Study of ROS1 Rearrangement in Advanced Primary Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Associated Metastatic Lesions
Authors: C. Xu, W. Wang, W. Zhuang, Y. Tian, J. Zhang, L. Wang, G. Chen, M. Fang, T. Lv, Y. Song
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Эффективность эрадикации инфекции Helicobacter pylori в первичной профилактике НПВП-гастропатий
Authors: S.M. Tkach, L.A. Onishchuk
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

С целью уточнения эффективности эрадикационной терапии Helicobacter pylori (Нр) инфекции в первичной профилактике НПВП-гастропатий обследовано 39 Нр-инфицированных больных, у которых планировалось назначение нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов по поводу различных артритов. В I группе нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты назначали после проведения антихеликобактерной терапии, во II группе эрадикация не проводилась, а больным сразу назначали диклофенак. В обеих группах сравнивали частоту возникновения пептических язв через 1 месяц приема диклофенака. В I группе пептические язвы развились у 2 больных (10,5 %), во II группе — у 5 пациентов (26,3 %), то есть в эрадикационной группе они возникали достоверно реже (χ2 = 0,5221). Сделан вывод, что эрадикация Нр-инфекции может рассматриваться как эффективная стратегия первичной профилактики НПВП-гастропатий.
Клінічний досвід застосування біологічного гепатопротектора Прогепар у лікуванні хворих із гепатобіліарною патологією (огляд)
Authors: Yu.M. Stepanov, Yu.S. Breslavets
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2020)

У статті наведено огляд наукових досліджень щодо оцінки ефективності та безпеки застосування біологічного гепатопротектора Прогепар у хворих на хронічні дифузні захворювання печінки. Застосовані схеми терапії сприяли нормалізації печінкових проб, покращенню загального стану пацієнтів, зокрема зменшенню проявів астенічного синдрому.
Стан товстої кишки і верхніх відділів шлунково-кишкового тракту за ендоскопічними даними у хворих на неспецифічний виразковий коліт і хворобу Крона з анемічним синдромом
Authors: O.V. Simonova, T.Y. Boyko
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2013)

У роботі вивчено особливості ендоскопічних змін слизової оболонки товстої кишки і верхніх відділів шлунково-кишкового тракту у хворих на неспецифічний виразковий коліт і хворобу Крона з анемією. Встановлено, що розвиток анемічного синдрому при неспецифічному виразковому коліті й хворобі Крона залежить від вираженості структурних змін слизової оболонки товстої кишки та ендоскопічної активності захворювання.
THE IMMIGRATION QUESTION.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Expression Radiosensitizes Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells via -Independent Mechanisms
Authors: S KAWABE, T NISHIKAWA, A MUNSHI, J ROTH, S CHADA, R MEYN
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2002)

We examined the ability of adenoviral-mediated expression of the melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 (Ad-mda-7), to radiosensitize non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines (A549 (wt-TP53/wt-RB1) and H1299 (del-TP53/wt-RB1)), and normal human lung fibroblast (NHLF) lines (CCD-16 and MRC-9). Results of clonogenic assays indicated that Ad-mda7 enhanced the radiosensitivity of the NSCLC cells independent of their TP53 gene status. On the other hand, the NHLF cell lines seemed to be relatively resistant to the cytotoxic effects of Ad-mda7 and were not radiosensitized compared with the NSCLC cells. We further examined the basis for this difference in the ability of Ad-mda7 to radiosensitize NSCLC cells compared with normal cells. Radiation-induced apoptosis was restored in the NSCLC lines, but not in the normal lines. Western blot analysis revealed that Ad-mda7 enhances radiosensitivity independently of any ability to upregulate the expression of Fas or Bax in NSCLC cells. Further analysis indicated that phosphorylated c-Jun expression was increased by Ad-mda7 in both A549 and H1299 cells, but not in CCD-16 cells. These results support the use of gene replacement with Ad-mda7 in combination with radiotherapy for the treatment of NSCLC.
A New Deal in Liquor: A Plea for Dilution
Journal: JAMA (1935)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Shock Treatments and Other Somatic Procedures in Psychiatry
Journal: JAMA (1946)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
氟他胺对胰腺癌患者生存时间的影响:随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的前瞻性研究
Authors: 杨尹默
Journal: BMJ (1999)

摘要目的 :评估氟他胺 (Drogenil)作为纯雄激素受体阻滞剂是否可改善胰腺癌患者的预后及睾酮是否为此类肿瘤的生长因子。设计 :前瞻性、随机性、双盲、安慰剂对照研究。对象 :4 9例临床诊断为胰腺癌的患者。方法 :2 4例患者接受氟他胺治疗 ,余 2 5例接受安慰剂。主要观察指标 :患者的生存期。结果 :对所有患者的分析表明 ,氟他胺组 6个月及 1年后仍存活者分别为 14例及 8例 ,安慰剂组分别为 10例及 1例 ,排除两组中因病情恶化或早期死亡而上述治疗少于 6周的患者后 ,氟他胺组存活者分别为 14例 ( 88% )及 8例 ( 5 0 % ) ,安慰剂组分别为 10例 ( 5 0 % )及 1例 ( 5 % )。氟他胺组所有患者的平均生存期为 8个月 ,安慰剂组为 4个月。排除治疗少于 6周的患者后 ,两组平均生存期分别为 12个月及 5个月。结论 :本研究支持睾酮是胰腺癌生长因子的观点 ,阻断雄激素受体可提供适于胰腺癌治疗的新途径
Effects of Computer-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems on Physician Performance and Patient Outcomes
Authors: D L Hunt, R B Haynes, S E Hanna, K Smith
Journal: JAMA (1998)

Many computer software developers and vendors claim that their systems can directly improve clinical decisions. As for other health care interventions, such claims should be based on careful trials that assess their effects on clinical performance and, preferably, patient outcomes.To systematically review controlled clinical trials assessing the effects of computer-based clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) on physician performance and patient outcomes.We updated earlier reviews covering 1974 to 1992 by searching the MEDLINE, EMBASE, INSPEC, SCISEARCH, and the Cochrane Library bibliographic databases from 1992 to March 1998. Reference lists and conference proceedings were reviewed and evaluators of CDSSs were contacted.Studies were included if they involved the use of a CDSS in a clinical setting by a health care practitioner and assessed the effects of the system prospectively with a concurrent control.The validity of each relevant study (scored from 0-10) was evaluated in duplicate. Data on setting, subjects, computer systems, and outcomes were abstracted and a power analysis was done on studies with negative findings.A total of 68 controlled trials met our criteria, 40 of which were published since 1992. Quality scores ranged from 2 to 10, with more recent trials rating higher (mean, 7.7) than earlier studies (mean, 6.4) (P<.001). Effects on physician performance were assessed in 65 studies and 43 found a benefit (66%). These included 9 of 15 studies on drug dosing systems, 1 of 5 studies on diagnostic aids, 14 of 19 preventive care systems, and 19 of 26 studies evaluating CDSSs for other medical care. Six of 14 studies assessing patient outcomes found a benefit. Of the remaining 8 studies, only 3 had a power of greater than 80% to detect a clinically important effect.Published studies of CDSSs are increasing rapidly, and their quality is improving. The CDSSs can enhance clinical performance for drug dosing, preventive care, and other aspects of medical care, but not convincingly for diagnosis. The effects of CDSSs on patient outcomes have been insufficiently studied.
Exophthalmos in seminoma. Regression with steroids and orcheictomy
Authors: J. B. Taylor
Journal: JAMA (1978)

SYSTEMIC manifestations of seminoma, apart from those directly attributable to metastatic lesions, are rare. To our knowledge, bilateral exophthalmos in association with this testicular tumor has been reported previously in only two cases.<sup>1,2</sup>We report a third case in which exophthalmos was the presenting sign of seminoma, and where removal of the tumor resulted in complete regression of the eye changes. <h3>Report of a Case</h3> A 57-year-old man had a two-week history of progressive protrusion of the eyes, decreasing visual acuity, and lacrimation. He denied any previous ophthalmologic disorder, trauma, allergies, neoplasm, or signs and symptoms suggestive of hyperthyroidism. The results of a physical examination showed a well-developed man with bilateral proptosis with chemosis. Visual acuity was notably decreased, more severely on the right than on the left, and there was appreciable limitation of eye movements in all directions. An afferent pupil defect was also present on the right,
A Text-Book of Psychiatry, for Physicians and Students.
Journal: JAMA (1906)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal