tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Mosaic Effects of Growth Hormone on Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone
Authors: Kelly L Roszko, Michael T Collins, Alison M Boyce
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

cured patients (12.2% [95% CI, 10.2 to 14.2] vs. 1.2% [95% CI, 0.7 to 1.8]) Fig. 1C and1D).Among the 5 patients who were positive for parasites at day 3, the isolates from 4 patients had the kelch13 G625R mutation, and the isolate from the other patient had the R539T mutation.In accordance with the WHO criteria, these 5 isolates were thus identified as being artemisinin-resistant.In this study, we identified G625R as a potential novel mutation that, along with R539T, is associated with artemisinin resistance.Other mutations in kelch13 have previously been reported, 4,5 but how this newly identified mutation affects artemisinin resistance and the outcome of infection remains to be elucidated.Although artemether-lumefantrine is recommended in northeastern India, artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is still the first-line medicine in the rest of India. 2 Our findings with regard to early treatment failure related to artemisinin resistance and late treatment failure due to partner-drug resistance emphasize the need for increased surveillance of drug resistance in order to manage the spread of resistant parasites.
Development of the immuno-wall device for rapid detection of ALK and ROS1 fusions in lung cancer
Authors: N. Yogo, T. Hase, T. Kasama, T. Hatta, N. OZAWA, M. Sato, N. Kaji, M. Tokeshi, Y. Baba, Y. Hasegawa
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study of NKTR-255, a Polymer-Conjugated Human IL-15, in Cynomolgus Monkey
Authors: Takahiro Miyazaki, Peiwen Kuo, Mekhala Maiti, Palakshi Obalapur, Murali Addepalli, Werner Rubas, Paul Sims, Ping Zhang, Mario Q. Marcondes, Loui Madakamutil, Jonathan Zalevsky
Journal: Blood (2018)
The quality of reporting randomized controlled trials in the dermatology literature in an era where the <scp>CONSORT</scp> statement is a standard
Authors: D.Y. Kim, H.S. Park, S. Cho, H.S. Yoon
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

BackgroundThe quality of reporting randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in the dermatology literature has not received much consideration since the late 2000s.
Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) is a tumor suppressor in T cell lymphoma
Authors: Matteo Menotti, Chiara Ambrogio, Taek-Chin Cheong, Chiara Pighi, Ines Mota, Seth H. Cassel, Mara Compagno, Qi Wang, Riccardo Dall’Olio, Valerio G. Minero, Teresa Poggio, Geeta Geeta Sharma, Enrico Patrucco, Cristina Mastini, Ramesh Choudhari, Achille Pich, Alberto Zamo, Roberto Piva, Silvia Giliani, Luca Mologni, Clayton K. Collings, Cigall Kadoch, Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Ines M. Anton, Claudia Voena, Roberto Chiarle
Journal: Nature Medicine (2018)
Sodium-glucose transporter 2 is a diagnostic and therapeutic target for early-stage lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Claudio R. Scafoglio, Brendon Villegas, Gihad Abdelhady, Sean T. Bailey, Jie Liu, Aditya S. Shirali, W. Dean Wallace, Clara E. Magyar, Tristan R. Grogan, David Elashoff, Tonya Walser, Jane Yanagawa, Denise R. Aberle, Jorge R. Barrio, Steven M. Dubinett, David B. Shackelford
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2018)

Lung premalignancy and early-stage adenocarcinoma use a mechanism of glucose transport that can be targeted for early diagnosis and treatment.
Screening and Counseling to Reduce Unhealthy Alcohol Use
Authors: Jill Jin
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Elizabeth A. O'Connor, PhD; Leslie A. Perdue, MPH; Caitlyn A. Senger, MPH; Megan Rushkin, MPH; Carrie D. Patnode, PhD, MPH; Sarah I. Bean, MPH; Daniel E. Jonas, MD, MPH
Portuguese consensus document for the management of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: A.P. Lopes, M.A. Mineiro, F. Costa, J. Gomes, C. Santos, C. Antunes, D. Maia, R. Melo, M. Canotilho, E. Magalhães, I. Vicente, C. Valente, B.G. Gonçalves, B. Conde, C. Guimarães, C. Sousa, J. Amado, M.E. Brandão, M. Sucena, M.J. Oliveira, S. Seixas, V. Teixeira, L. Telo
Journal: Pulmonology (2018)

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic autosomal codominant disorder caused by mutations in SERPINA1 gene. It is one of the most prevalent genetic disorders, although it remains underdiagnosed. Whereas at international level there are several areas of consensus on this disorder, in Portugal, inter-hospital heterogeneity in clinical practice and resources available have been adding difficulties in reaching a diagnosis and in making therapeutic decisions in this group of patients. This raised a need to draft a document expressing a national consensus for AATD. To this end, a group of experts in this field was created within the Portuguese Pulmonology Society - Study group on AATD, in order to elaborate the current manuscript. The authors reviewed the existing literature and provide here general guidance and extensive recommendations for the diagnosis and management of AATD that can be adopted by Portuguese clinicians from different areas of Medicine. This article is part of a supplement entitled "Portuguese consensus document for the management of alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency" which is sponsored by Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia.
Euthanasia and assisted dying: what is the current position and what are the key arguments informing the debate?
Authors: Andreas Fontalis, Efthymia Prousali, Kunal Kulkarni
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2018)

Summary Assisted dying is a highly controversial moral issue incorporating both physician-assisted dying (PAD) and voluntary active euthanasia. End-of-life practices are debated in many countries, with assisted dying receiving different consideration across various jurisdictions. In this paper, we provide an analytic framework of the current position and the main arguments related to the rights and moral principles concerning assisted dying. Assisted dying proponents focus on the respect of autonomy, self-determination and forestalling suffering. On the other hand, concerns are raised regarding the interpretation of the constitutional right to life and balancing this with the premise of assisted dying, alongside the impacts of assisted dying on the doctor–patient relationship, which is fundamentally based on trust, mutual respect and the premise of ‘first do no harm’. Our review is underpinning the interpretation of constitutional rights and the Hippocratic Oath with the premise of assisted dying, alongside the impacts of assisted dying on the doctor–patient relationship. Most clinicians remain untrained in such decision making, with fears against crossing key ethical divides. Due to the increasing number of cases of assisted dying and lack of consensus, our review enables the integration of ethical and legal aspects and facilitates decision making.
Redefining the Role of Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation in the Modern Era of Active Surveillance in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Chukwuka Eze, Lukas Käsmann, Farkhad Manapov
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
What’s hot that the other lot got
Authors: Ryan Robinson
Journal: Thorax (2018)

Non-randomised data have demonstrated high prevalence of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and postulated a potential role in disease progression. However, interventional studies examining medical treatment of GORD in patients with IPF have had mixed outcomes. Raghu et al ( Lancet Resp Med 2018;6:707–714) performed a randomised controlled trial examining the rate of decline in FVC after laparoscopic antireflux surgery in patients with IPF with significant GORD demonstrated on pH manometry. About 58 patients were randomised 1:1 to either antireflux surgery or the non-surgery group. Change in FVC was monitored over a 48-week period postrandomisation. Surgery was effective in normalising reflux. Although numerically lower, there was no significant difference in rate of decline in FVC in the surgical group (−0.05 L (95% CI −0.15 to 0.05)) when compared with the non-surgical group (−0.13 L (−0.23 to −0.02)) (p=0.28). Again the secondary outcomes showed no significant difference in the rate of acute exacerbation, respiratory-related hospitalisation or death between the two groups, although with trends towards favouring surgical intervention. There were few serious adverse events in the surgical group. This study establishes antireflux surgery as safe in patients with IPF and confirmed …
Abstract 107: Performing Hands-on Defibrillation in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Can Result in the Mild, Subjective Perception of Current to Providers
Authors: Todd Johnson, Jack Meersman, Scott T Youngquist
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: Minimizing interruptions in chest compressions during cardiac arrest has been shown to improve defibrillation success and survival. Recent data suggest hands-on defibrillation (HOD) i...
HCC in Elderly Patients. Curative Intraoperative Strategies and Management in Recurrences
Authors: Stefania Brozzetti, Simone Bini, Leonardo Luca Chiarella, Katia Fazzi, Michele Di Martino, Mario Bezzi
Journal: Liver Cancer (2018)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence is growing among general population and especially in elderly patients. Recent development in surgical technique, surgical equipment, interventional radiology, and radiotherapy (hadrontherapy) allows us to use different techniques and approaches in order to treat this cancer. Patients are conventionally considered disease-free after a 10-year recurrence-free period. Commonly, patients remain into a lifelong follow-up and recurrences are treated as they show. In this chapter, we will give description and indications of different curative techniques, especially hepatic resections and Radio-frequency thermal ablation (RFTA). We will also describe and give indications to palliative care techniques such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), Selective Internal Radio-Therapy (SIRT), hadrontherapy, and supportive care. The aim of this chapter is to give information to clinicians and specialists dealing with the disease about the most effective approach to treat HCC, taking into account not only biological age, but also "physiological age," performance status, comorbidities, and number of liver operative treatments. This chapter highlights that patients advanced in age are in particular need of a tailored medicine, where benefits are well weighted against invasivity of treatment and its side effects, in spite of assuring the best QoL and survival.
Biomarker analyses of Asian women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative (HER2–) advanced breast cancer (ABC) receiving ribociclib (RIB) + endocrine therapy (ET)
Authors: Y.S. Yap, N. Masuda, Y. Ito, T. Ishikawa, S.J. Kim, T. Aruga, T. Toyama, T. Saeki, T. Yamanaka, M. Saito, J. Watanabe, M. Takahashi, S. Nakamura, K. Inoue, J. Suarez-Vizcarra, W. He, N. Solovieff, F. Su, J. Chiu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Temporal Trends in the Use of Therapeutic Hypothermia for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Steven M. Bradley, Wenhui Liu, Bryan McNally, Kimberly Vellano, Timothy D. Henry, Michael R. Mooney, M. Nicholas Burke, Emmanouil S. Brilakis, Gary K. Grunwald, Mehul Adhaduk, Michael Donnino, Saket Girotra
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> Despite evidence that therapeutic hypothermia improves patient outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, use of this therapy remains low. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine whether the use of therapeutic hypothermia and patient outcomes have changed after publication of the Targeted Temperature Management trial on December 5, 2013, which supported more lenient temperature management for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A retrospective cohort was conducted between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2016, of 45 935 US patients in the Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival who experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and survived to hospital admission. <h3>Exposures</h3> Calendar time by quarter year. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Use of therapeutic hypothermia and patient survival to hospital discharge. <h3>Results</h3> Among 45 935 patients (17 515 women and 28 420 men; mean [SD] age, 59.3 [18.3] years) who experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and survived to admission at 649 US hospitals, overall use of therapeutic hypothermia during the study period was 46.4%. In unadjusted analyses, the use of therapeutic hypothermia dropped from 52.5% in the last quarter of 2013 to 46.0% in the first quarter of 2014 after the December 2013 publication of the Targeted Temperature Management trial. Use of therapeutic hypothermia remained at or below 46.5% through 2016. In segmented hierarchical logistic regression analysis, the risk-adjusted odds of use of therapeutic hypothermia was 18% lower in the first quarter of 2014 compared with the last quarter of 2013 (odds ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.71-0.94;<i>P</i> = .006). Similar point-estimate changes over time were observed in analyses stratified by presenting rhythm of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation (odds ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.71-1.13,<i>P</i> = .35) and pulseless electrical activity or asystole (odds ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.63-0.89;<i>P</i> = .001). Overall risk-adjusted patient survival was 36.9% in 2013, 37.5% in 2014, 34.8% in 2015, and 34.3% in 2016 (<i>P</i> &lt; .001 for trend). In mediation analysis, temporal trends in use of hypothermia did not consistently explain trends in patient survival. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In a US registry of patients who experienced out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, the use of guideline-recommended therapeutic hypothermia decreased after publication of the Targeted Temperature Management trial, which supported more lenient temperature thresholds. Concurrent with this change, survival among patients admitted to the hospital decreased, but was not mediated by use of hypothermia.
The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Pilot Project
Authors: Asha Collins
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

LB-247  The Cancer Genome Atlas Pilot Project (TCGA), sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), is a 3-year program designed to test the feasibility of a long-term, comprehensive cancer genomics program that will produce an ‘atlas’ of genomic and epigenomic somatic alterations that occur in cancers. Specifically, TCGA will determine if it is feasible to efficiently identify comprehensive genomic changes in three cancers: glioblastoma multiforme, squamous carcinoma of the lung and serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary.  There are four components of TCGA that work in an integrated fashion: a Biospecimen Core Resource (BCR), Cancer Genome Characterization Centers (CGCCs), Genome Sequencing Centers (GSCs) and a Data Coordinating Center (DCC). The BCR will utilize standard operating procedures for the collection, storage and processing of tumors and will extract DNA and RNA from the samples. The BCR will distribute the biomolecules to the CGCCs and the GSCs for genomic and epigenomic analyses. The CGCCs will use a variety of advanced technology platforms to analyze chromosomal copy number alterations, loss of heterozygosity, expression profiles, and epigenomic changes in tumors from 500 patients for each cancer type. The GSCs will use high-throughput sequencing to generate millions of reads per year. The targets to sequence will be specific for each cancer and will be selected based upon the data generated by the CGCCs, as well published literature. The targets include candidate genes (the transcribed unit, the promoter regions and splicing signals), as well as genomic regions identified by the CGCCs to be altered. This unprecedented amount of comprehensive cancer genomic information will be placed into public databases, including one developed specifically for TCGA, the DCC. Certain types of data will be available only through controlled access to protect the privacy and confidentiality of participants.  The data analysis will require development of improved tools and algorithms to ensure the most efficient integration of the experimental generated and the clinical data available.  The long-term goals of TCGA are the identification of new cancer-associated genes which would be used to develop new therapies, new genomic markers for patient stratification, treatment targeting, improved patient risk assessment and to innovate medical and research technologies.  More information about TCGA, including the list of participant laboratories, can be found at http://cancergenome.nih.gov.
Topology of psoriasis in routine care: results from high‐resolution analysis of 2009 patients
Authors: M. Augustin, R. Sommer, N. Kirsten, A. Danckworth, M.A. Radtke, K. Reich, D. Thaci, W.H. Boehncke, A. Langenbruch, U. Mrowietz
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

BackgroundDifferent phenotypes have been described in psoriasis. Few details are known about the topology of patients in routine care.
Sensing danger through a “finger”
Authors: Xiaojing Ma
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2018)

In this issue of JEM, the study by Chen et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20181031) reveals a previously unrecognized role of cellular nucleic acid–binding protein (Cnbp) as a novel transcriptional regulator of interleukin-12β (IL-12β) transcription and IL-12–driven, Th1-mediated immune responses, which has important implications for both host defense and inflammatory disease.
Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections, estimated incidence and composite antimicrobial resistance index in acute care hospitals and long-term care facilities: results from two European point prevalence surveys, 2016 to 2017
Authors: Carl Suetens, Katrien Latour, Tommi Kärki, Enrico Ricchizzi, Pete Kinross, Maria Luisa Moro, Béatrice Jans, Susan Hopkins, Sonja Hansen, Outi Lyytikäinen, Jacqui Reilly, Aleksander Deptula, Walter Zingg, Diamantis Plachouras, Dominique L Monnet
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2018)

Point prevalence surveys of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) and antimicrobial use in the European Union and European Economic Area (EU/EEA) from 2016 to 2017 included 310,755 patients from 1,209 acute care hospitals (ACH) in 28 countries and 117,138 residents from 2,221 long-term care facilities (LTCF) in 23 countries. After national validation, we estimated that 6.5% (cumulative 95% confidence interval (cCI): 5.4–7.8%) patients in ACH and 3.9% (95% cCI: 2.4–6.0%) residents in LTCF had at least one HAI (country-weighted prevalence). On any given day, 98,166 patients (95% cCI: 81,022–117,484) in ACH and 129,940 (95% cCI: 79,570–197,625) residents in LTCF had an HAI. HAI episodes per year were estimated at 8.9 million (95% cCI: 4.6–15.6 million), including 4.5 million (95% cCI: 2.6–7.6 million) in ACH and 4.4 million (95% cCI: 2.0–8.0 million) in LTCF; 3.8 million (95% cCI: 3.1–4.5 million) patients acquired an HAI each year in ACH. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to selected AMR markers was 31.6% in ACH and 28.0% in LTCF. Our study confirmed a high annual number of HAI in healthcare facilities in the EU/EEA and indicated that AMR in HAI in LTCF may have reached the same level as in ACH.
Enhanced repair of meniscal hoop structure injuries using an aligned electrospun nanofibrous scaffold combined with a mesenchymal stem cell-derived tissue engineered construct
Authors: Kazunori Shimomura, Benjamin B. Rothrauff, David A. Hart, Shuichi Hamamoto, Masato Kobayashi, Hideki Yoshikawa, Rocky S. Tuan, Norimasa Nakamura
Journal: Biomaterials (2018)

Damage to the meniscal hoop structure results in loss of biomechanical function, which potentially leads to the extrusion of the meniscus from the weight bearing area. However, there have been no established, effective treatments for such injuries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of cell-seeded nanofibrous scaffolds to repair the damaged meniscal hoop structure along with the prevention of subsequent cartilage degeneration using a rabbit model. Meniscal radial defects (5 mm width) in the medial meniscus were treated by wrapping and suturing with either an aligned electrospun nanofibrous scaffold alone or a scaffold combined with a tissue engineered construct (TEC) derived from synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with the scaffold fiber direction matching that of the meniscal circumferential fibers. The MSC-based TEC-combined nanofibrous scaffolds contributed significantly to the prevention of meniscal extrusion and exerted a chondroprotective effect, compared with either scaffold alone or the untreated control groups. Also, meniscal defects treated with such TEC-combined nanofibrous scaffolds were consistently repaired with a fibrocartilaginous tissue. In this study, we have demonstrated the feasibility of a combined TEC-nanofibrous scaffold to repair the meniscal hoop structure, and prevent the progression to cartilage degeneration, as a potential tissue engineering method.
Accuracy of Noninvasive Scoring Systems in Assessing Risk of Death and Liver-Related Endpoints in Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Hannes Hagström, Patrik Nasr, Mattias Ekstedt, Per Stål, Rolf Hultcrantz, Stergios Kechagias
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2018)