tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Food Order on Ghrelin Suppression
Authors: Alpana P. Shukla, Elizabeth Mauer, Leon I. Igel, Wanda Truong, Anthony Casper, Rekha B. Kumar, Katherine H. Saunders, Louis J. Aronne
Journal: Diabetes Care (2018)

Data suggest that the temporal sequence of carbohydrate ingestion during a meal has a significant impact on postprandial glucose (1–3), insulin, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) excursions (4) in type 2 diabetes, while the effects on ghrelin suppression and satiety have not been reported.

The study design and methods have previously been described in detail (4). Briefly, using a crossover design, 16 subjects with overweight/obesity and metformin-treated type 2 diabetes were assigned to consume the same meal on 3 days in random order:

Blood was sampled for glucose, insulin, active GLP-1, and total ghrelin measurements at baseline (just before meal ingestion) and at 30-min intervals up to 180 min. Participants rated their hunger and fullness levels using a visual analog …
With the current shortage of stand alone SHO posts in paediatrics, what are the career options for post-MRCPCH candidates who return back after a brief stint in a different field (for example, in general practice)?
Authors: Raju Sureshkumar
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Have a career or related problem that needs answering? Can9t find the right person to point you in the right direction? Log on to the Advice Zone for reliable medical careers advice. You can post a question or see if one of our 300 advisers has already answered a similar question. Here is a selection of questions and answers posted on the site. www.bmjcareers.com/advicezone
IDENTIFYING HIGH-RISK PATIENTS POST MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITH REDUCED LEFT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION USING EXTERNAL LOOP RECORDERS (INSPIRE-ELR STUDY)
Authors: Balbir Singh, Hygriv Rao, Ulhas Pandurangi, C. Nanjappa Manjunath, Gautam Sharma, Ajay Naik, Ajit Thachil, Sharad Chandra, Vinayakrishnan Rajan, Bart Gerritse, Upendra Kaul, Nakul Sinha, Calambur Narasimhan, Premchand Kumar, Anil Saxena
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease in Korea
Authors: Jae Young Jang, Dong Joon Kim
Journal: Clinical and Molecular Hepatology (2018)

Alcohol consumption has increased over the past 40 years in Korea concomitantly with the country's rapid socioeconomic development. As a result, alcohol-related deaths and mortality continue to increase in Korea. This review will summarize the recent epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease in Korea. Keywords: Alcoholic liver disease; Epidemiology; Health policy
Are All Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Destined for Dialysis if They Live Long Enough? Probably Not
Authors: George L. Bakris, Mark Molitch
Journal: Diabetes Care (2018)

Over the past three decades there have been numerous innovations, supported by large outcome trials that have resulted in improved blood glucose and blood pressure control, ultimately reducing cardiovascular (CV) risk and progression to nephropathy in type 1 diabetes (T1D) (1,2). The epidemiological data also support the concept that 25–30% of people with T1D will progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Thus, not everyone develops progressive nephropathy that ultimately requires dialysis or transplantation. This is a result of numerous factors, including the competing CV risk of death as well as blood glucose and pressure control. Good glycemic and blood pressure control have been documented in long-term trials to markedly slow nephropathy progression, with effects of blood pressure control seen as early as 2.5 years and of glucose control at 5–7 years (3,4). It is well documented that the presence of diabetic kidney disease increases the risk of CV events and death in persons with diabetes (5,6). Moreover, this is independent of hypertension.

Data from two recent studies reported in this issue of Diabetes Care examine the long-term incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in T1D. Costacou and Orchard (7) examined a cohort of 932 people evaluated for 50-year cumulative kidney complication risk in the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study. They used both albuminuria levels and ESRD/transplant data for assessment. By 30 years’ duration of diabetes, ESRD affected 14.5% and by 40 years it affected 26.5% of the group with onset of T1D between 1965 and 1980. For those who developed diabetes between 1950 and 1964, the proportions developing ESRD were …
LEFT ATRIAL APPENDAGE OCCLUSION DEVICE EMBOLIZATION (LAAODE): UNDERSTANDING THE TIMING, MECHANISM AND OUTCOMES
Authors: Tawseef Dar, Bharath Yarlagadda, Apostolos Tzikas, Vaishnavi Veerapaneni, Valay Parikh, Madhu Reddy, Seth Sheldon, Bernhard Meier, Steffen Gloekler, Kim Jung-Sun, James Gabriels, Dhanunjaya R. Lakkireddy
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Abstract 15733: The Relationship Between Clustering of Cardiovascular Health Behaviors and Physical Fitness Among U.S. Adolescents - Data From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Jacob Hartz, Leah Yingling, Colby Ayers, Tiffany Powell-Wiley
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction:  Decreased physical fitness is associated with poor cardiovascular (CV) health. However, little is known about the interactive effect of diet, physical activity (PA), and sedentary time (ST) on fitness among adolescents. By investigating diet, PA, and ST clustering patterns among U.S. adolescents, we hypothesized 1) distinct clustering patterns exist and 2) less healthy clustering patterns are associated with lower physical fitness.   Methods:  We used 2003-04 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data for persons aged 12-19 years (N=1225). PA and ST were measured by accelerometer, and the AHA Healthy Diet Score quantified diet quality. VO 2 max was measured by sub-maximal treadmill exercise test. Data were standardized by computing z-scores for diet, PA, and ST. Scores above the mean were labeled “healthy” for diet and PA; scores below the mean were labeled “healthy” for ST. We performed latent-class analysis to identify sex-specific clustering of diet, PA and ST. Adjusting for body mass index (BMI), age and accelerometer wear-time, we performed sex-stratified linear regression analysis to evaluate the association of cluster type with VO 2 max.   Results:  Three clusters were identified for girls and boys (Figure). For girls, there was no difference across clusters for age (p=0.1), weight (p=0.3), and BMI (p=0.5). For boys, cluster 1B was younger (p 2 max. For boys, clusters 2B (β=-4.6, p=0.01) and 3B (β=- 6.9, p 2 max as compared to 1B (referent).   Conclusions:  We observed clustering of diet, PA, and ST in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents. Specific patterns of diet, PA and ST were associated with lower VO 2 max for boys, suggesting that clustering of health behaviors may help identify adolescent boys most in need of CV risk reduction strategies.
Apalutamide Treatment and Metastasis-free Survival in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Matthew R. Smith, Fred Saad, Simon Chowdhury, Stéphane Oudard, Boris A. Hadaschik, Julie N. Graff, David Olmos, Paul N. Mainwaring, Ji Youl Lee, Hiroji Uemura, Angela Lopez-Gitlitz, Géralyn C. Trudel, Byron M. Espina, Youyi Shu, Youn C. Park, Wayne R. Rackoff, Margaret K. Yu, Eric J. Small
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Apalutamide, a competitive inhibitor of the androgen receptor, is under development for the treatment of prostate cancer. We evaluated the efficacy of apalutamide in men with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer who were at high risk for the development of metastasis.We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial involving men with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and a prostate-specific antigen doubling time of 10 months or less. Patients were randomly assigned, in a 2:1 ratio, to receive apalutamide (240 mg per day) or placebo. All the patients continued to receive androgen-deprivation therapy. The primary end point was metastasis-free survival, which was defined as the time from randomization to the first detection of distant metastasis on imaging or death.A total of 1207 men underwent randomization (806 to the apalutamide group and 401 to the placebo group). In the planned primary analysis, which was performed after 378 events had occurred, median metastasis-free survival was 40.5 months in the apalutamide group as compared with 16.2 months in the placebo group (hazard ratio for metastasis or death, 0.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23 to 0.35; P<0.001). Time to symptomatic progression was significantly longer with apalutamide than with placebo (hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.63; P<0.001). The rate of adverse events leading to discontinuation of the trial regimen was 10.6% in the apalutamide group and 7.0% in the placebo group. The following adverse events occurred at a higher rate with apalutamide than with placebo: rash (23.8% vs. 5.5%), hypothyroidism (8.1% vs. 2.0%), and fracture (11.7% vs. 6.5%).Among men with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, metastasis-free survival and time to symptomatic progression were significantly longer with apalutamide than with placebo. (Funded by Janssen Research and Development; SPARTAN ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01946204 .).
Engineering 3D Hydrogels for Personalized In Vitro Human Tissue Models
Authors: Chya‐Yan Liaw, Shen Ji, Murat Guvendiren
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2018)

Abstract There is a growing interest in engineering hydrogels for 3D tissue and disease models. The major motivation is to better mimic the physiological microenvironment of the disease and human condition. 3D tissue models derived from patients' own cells can potentially revolutionize the way treatment and diagnostic alternatives are developed. This requires development of tissue mimetic hydrogels with user defined and tunable properties. In this review article, a recent summary of 3D hydrogel platforms for in vitro tissue and disease modeling is given. Hydrogel design considerations and available hydrogel systems are summarized, followed by the types of currently available hydrogel models, such as bulk hydrogels, porous scaffolds, fibrous scaffolds, hydrogel microspheres, hydrogel sandwich systems, microwells, and 3D bioprinted constructs. Although hydrogels are utilized for a wide range of tissue models, this article focuses on liver and cancer models. This article also provides a detailed section on current challenges and future perspectives of hydrogel‐based tissue models.
Urban-Rural County and State Differences in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease — United States, 2015
Authors: Janet B. Croft, Anne G. Wheaton, Yong Liu, Fang Xu, Hua Lu, Kevin A. Matthews, Timothy J. Cunningham, Yan Wang, James B. Holt
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) accounts for the majority of deaths from chronic lower respiratory diseases, the third leading cause of death in the United States in 2015 and the fourth leading cause in 2016.* Major risk factors include tobacco exposure, occupational and environmental exposures, respiratory infections, and genetics.† State variations in COPD outcomes (1) suggest that it might be more common in states with large rural areas. To assess urban-rural variations in COPD prevalence, hospitalizations, and mortality; obtain county-level estimates; and update state-level variations in COPD measures, CDC analyzed 2015 data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), Medicare hospital records, and death certificate data from the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS). Overall, 15.5 million adults aged ≥18 years (5.9% age-adjusted prevalence) reported ever receiving a diagnosis of COPD; there were approximately 335,000 Medicare hospitalizations (11.5 per 1,000 Medicare enrollees aged ≥65 years) and 150,350 deaths in which COPD was listed as the underlying cause for persons of all ages (40.3 per 100,000 population). COPD prevalence, Medicare hospitalizations, and deaths were significantly higher among persons living in rural areas than among those living in micropolitan or metropolitan areas. Among seven states in the highest quartile for all three measures, Arkansas, Kentucky, Mississippi, and West Virginia were also in the upper quartile (≥18%) for rural residents. Overcoming barriers to prevention, early diagnosis, treatment, and management of COPD with primary care provider education, Internet access, physical activity and self-management programs, and improved access to pulmonary rehabilitation and oxygen therapy are needed to improve quality of life and reduce COPD mortality.
Age, Alcohol Use, and Brain Function
Authors: George F. Koob
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2018)

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Know Yourself—The Individual's Guide to Career Development in Healthcare
Authors: Ruth Chambers
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Anita Houghton

Radcliffe, 2005, £23.50, 192 pages ISBN 1 85775 714 9

Rating: ★★★/5



If you are feeling stuck or confused about your career path then this book is for you. It will provide you with a way to develop yourself over time. You will reflect on your own personality and inner strengths and learn how to develop your career to achieve more job satisfaction. You will be challenged to consider what your weaknesses are, and to think what you can do to detect or overcome obstacles that you are putting in the way of recharging …
POST-OPERATIVE LACTATE IMPROVES PREDICTION OF LENGTH OF INTENSIVE CARE STAY FOLLOWING CONGENITAL HEART SURGERY: REFINING THE PROCEDURE BASED CATEGORICAL VARIABLE MODEL
Authors: Peta Alexander, Kristofer Andren, Matthew Diorio, Kimberlee Gauvreau, Catherine Allan, Meena Nathan, Derek Mathieu, John Mayer, Ravi Thiagarajan, Lisa Bergersen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Abstract P2-11-17: Is post mastectomy radiotherapy contributive in pN0-1mi breast cancers patients? Results of a French multi-centric cohort
Authors: V Forissier, A Tallet, M Cohen, J-M Classe, F Reyal, N Chopin, C Mazouni, P Gimbergues, E Daraï, PE Colombo, P Azuar, E Lambaudie, G Houvenaeghel
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Aim: To assess the value of Post-mastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) in breast cancer patients with no or minimal lymph nodes involvement. Materials and methods: We retrospectively analyzed a French multi-centric cohort of 4283 patients treated between 1980 and 2013, by mastectomy and axillary dissection with or without PMRT. Practices were analyzed according 3 treatment periods (1980-1999, 2000-2005; 2006-2013). The value of PMRT on loco-regional recurrence, disease-free survival, breast cancer specific survival and overall survival was assessed in pN0-1mi patients, using multivariate analyses (logistic regression and Cox model). It was subsequently assessed according to the number of clinicopathologic recurrence-risk factors, generating a prognostic index (f-PMRT index), in an attempt to isolate a pN0-1mi patients subgroup deriving benefit from PMRT. We tested the accuracy of the Cambridge-PMRT (c-PMRT) index in the discrimination of patients with significantly different outcomes, as well as the value of PMRT in each c-PMRT prognostic group. Results: PMRT was considered in more than half pN0-1mi patients of our cohort. Whereas matching pN0-1mi patients according to the number of clinicopathologic recurrence-risk factors led to isolate a higher-risk subpopulation (≥ 3 RR factors), PMRT had no significant impact on patients' outcomes, on multivariate analysis. Whereas the Cambridge-PMRT index had the potential to discriminate 3 patient populations with significantly different outcomes, its use did not help to the decision making for PMRT. Conclusion: Despite a large cohort, we failed to isolate a subgroup of early breast cancer patients suitable for PMRT, in the absence of lymph node involvement. Citation Format: Forissier V, Tallet A, Cohen M, Classe J-M, Reyal F, Chopin N, Mazouni C, Gimbergues P, Daraï E, Colombo PE, Azuar P, Lambaudie E, Houvenaeghel G. Is post mastectomy radiotherapy contributive in pN0-1mi breast cancers patients? Results of a French multi-centric cohort [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-11-17.
Prophylactic antiepileptic drugs in meningioma surgery – survey of clinical practice in the UK
Authors: David Giraldi, Emmanuel Chavredakis, Rasheed Zakaria, Andrew Brodbelt, Michael D Jenkinson
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

BACKGROUND: Merlin-deficient meningiomas are caused by mutations in the Neurofibromin 2 gene and occur in approximately 60% of sporadic meningiomas.Merlin loss is commonly associated with the genetic condition Neurofibromatosis type 2, leading to the development of multiple low grade tumours including schwannoma and meningioma.Currently, the only treatment for low grade meningioma is (radio)surgery therefore identification of novel drug targets is vital.Previous studies have shown that Kinase suppressor of Ras 1 (KSR1) is a potential therapeutic target in schwannoma and that the E3 ubiquitin ligase, CRL4DCAF1, binds to KSR1.The aim of this project is to investigate the interaction between CRL4DCAF1 and KSR1 to determine if targeting this protein complex in meningioma holds therapeutic value.METH-ODS: HEK293T cells were transfected with KSR1 constructs and interactions with CRL4DCAF1 were investigated by immunoprecipitation.Immunohistochemistry, cell fractionation and Western blot were used to analyse DCAF1 and KSR1 expression and localization in primary human meningioma.A shRNA construct was used to knock down DCAF1 and APS_2_79 was used to inhibit KSR1.RESULTS: KSR1 interacts via the N-term with DCAF1 and is ubiquitinated at the C-term in the NF+/+ model which may be DCAF1 dependent.Immunohistochemistry showed increased DCAF1 and KSR1 expression in Merlin-deficient meningiomas compared with normal meninges, whereas Western blot analysis showed variable protein expression.DCAF1 knockdown led to a reduction of nuclear pERK1/2 and a significant decrease in proliferation of meningioma cells but pERK1/2 and Cyclin D1 levels were unchanged.Combination of shDCAF1 and APS_2_79, a specific KSR1 inhibitor, reduced pERK and proliferation in both BenMen-1, a benign meningioma cell line and primary meningioma.Therefore, targeting both DCAF1 and KSR1 represents an attractive novel therapeutic strategy in meningioma.
Negative Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Prostate Cancer: What's Next?
Authors: Valeria Panebianco, Giovanni Barchetti, Giuseppe Simone, Maurizio Del Monte, Antonio Ciardi, Marcello Domenico Grompone, Riccardo Campa, Elena Lucia Indino, Flavio Barchetti, Alessandro Sciarra, Costantino Leonardo, Michele Gallucci, Carlo Catalano
Journal: European Urology (2018)
COMPARISON OF MONITORED ANESTHESIA CARE AND GENERAL ANESTHESIA FOR TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT (TAVR)
Authors: Olga Kislitsina, Danielle Smith, Duc Pham, Andrei Churyla, Mark Ricciardi, Ranya Sweis, Charles Davidson, James Flaherty, Jane Kruse, Patrick McCarthy, S. Chris Malaisrie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Stem cell derived phenotypic human neuromuscular junction model for dose response evaluation of therapeutics
Authors: Navaneetha Santhanam, Lee Kumanchik, Xiufang Guo, Frank Sommerhage, Yunqing Cai, Max Jackson, Candace Martin, George Saad, Christopher W. McAleer, Ying Wang, Andrea Lavado, Christopher J. Long, James J. Hickman
Journal: Biomaterials (2018)
ECHOGRAPHIC COMPARISON OF HAEMODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE SAPIEN 3 PROSTHESIS WITH OR WITHOUT PRIOR BALLOON PREDILATATION
Authors: Matthieu Rola, Catherine Sportouch-Dukhan, Stephane Cade, Frederic Cransac, Guillaume Cayla, Jean Christophe Macia, Julie Roux, Jessica Labour, Florence Leclercq
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Healthcare organisations are free to raise bar on appraisal requirements, says GMC
Authors: Helen Jaques
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The General Medical Council has said that it is “appropriate” for primary care trusts, hospital trusts, and other organisations that employ or contract doctors to set their own criteria for annual appraisals over and above the minimum requirements for revalidation.

Niall Dickson, chief executive of the GMC, said that it is “entirely up to them” whether organisations ask doctors to complete some of the requirements for revalidation, such as collecting multisource feedback, more than once in every …
OUTCOMES OF WEEKEND VERSUS WEEKDAY ADMISSION FOR ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE IN PATIENTS WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION: THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK IN COMMUNITIES SURVEILLANCE STUDY
Authors: Louisa Mounsey, Patricia Chang, Carla Sueta, Kunihiro Matsushita, Stuart Russell, Edgar Miller, Melissa Caughey
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)