tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
VCAM-1–targeted MRI Enables Detection of Brain Micrometastases from Different Primary Tumors
Authors: Vinton W.T. Cheng, Manuel Sarmiento Soto, Alexandre A. Khrapitchev, Francisco Perez-Balderas, Rasheed Zakaria, Michael D. Jenkinson, Mark R. Middleton, Nicola R. Sibson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Purpose: A major issue for the effective treatment of brain metastasis is the late stage of diagnosis with existing clinical tools. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1)-targeted MRI for early detection of brain micrometastases in mouse models across multiple primary tumor types. Experimental Design: Xenograft models of brain micrometastasis for human breast carcinoma (MDA231Br-GFP), lung adenocarcinoma (SEBTA-001), and melanoma (H1_DL2) were established via intracardiac injection in mice. Animals (n = 5–6/group) were injected intravenously with VCAM-1–targeted microparticles of iron oxide (VCAM-MPIO) and, subsequently, underwent T2*-weighted MRI. Control groups of naïve mice injected with VCAM-MPIO and tumor-bearing mice injected with nontargeting IgG-MPIO were included. Results: All models showed disseminated micrometastases in the brain, together with endothelial VCAM-1 upregulation across the time course. T2*-weighted MRI of all tumor-bearing mice injected with VCAM-MPIO showed significantly more signal hypointensities (P &amp;lt; 0.001; two-sided) than control cohorts, despite a lack of blood–brain barrier (BBB) impairment. Specific MPIO binding to VCAM-1–positive tumor-associated vessels was confirmed histologically. VCAM-1 expression was demonstrated in human brain metastasis samples, across all three primary tumor types. Conclusions: VCAM-1–targeted MRI enables the detection of brain micrometastases from the three primary tumor types known to cause the majority of clinical cases. These findings represent an important step forward in the development of a broadly applicable and clinically relevant imaging technique for early diagnosis of brain metastasis, with significant implications for improved patient survival.
Abstract 313: Palliation of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms May Not Be Justified in the Endovascular Era
Authors: Paola De Rango, Gioele Simonte, Antonella Biello, Alessandra Manzone, Enrico Cieri, Giovanbattista Parlani, Fabio Verzini
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Hypothesis: Endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) has been increasingly applied as a less invasive approach for treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAA). Nevertheless, results are unclea...
Visual and Semiquantitative Accuracy in Clinical Baseline 123I-Ioflupane SPECT/CT Imaging
Authors: Rudolf A. Werner, Charles Marcus, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Lilja B. Solnes, Jeffrey P. Leal, Yong Du, Steven P. Rowe, Takahiro Higuchi, Andreas K. Buck, Constantin Lapa, Mehrbod S. Javadi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

Purpose We aimed to (a) elucidate the concordance of visual assessment of an initial 123 I-ioflupane scan by a human interpreter with comparison to results using a fully automatic semiquantitative method and (b) to assess the accuracy compared to follow-up (f/u) diagnosis established by movement disorder specialists. Methods An initial 123 I-ioflupane scan was performed in 382 patients with clinically uncertain Parkinsonian syndrome. An experienced reader performed a visual evaluation of all scans independently. The findings of the visual read were compared with semiquantitative evaluation. In addition, available f/u clinical diagnosis (serving as a reference standard) was compared with results of the human read and the software. Results When comparing the semiquantitative method with the visual assessment, discordance could be found in 25 (6.5%) of 382 of the cases for the experienced reader (ĸ = 0.868). The human observer indicated region of interest misalignment as the main reason for discordance. With neurology f/u serving as reference, the results of the reader revealed a slightly higher accuracy rate (87.7%, ĸ = 0.75) compared to semiquantification (86.2%, ĸ = 0.719, P &lt; 0.001, respectively). No significant difference in the diagnostic performance of the visual read versus software-based assessment was found. Conclusions In comparison with a fully automatic semiquantitative method in 123 I-ioflupane interpretation, human assessment obtained an almost perfect agreement rate. However, compared to clinical established diagnosis serving as a reference, visual read seemed to be slightly more accurate as a solely software-based quantitative assessment.
Tislelizumab (BGB-A317) for Relapsed/Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: Preliminary Efficacy and Safety Results from a Phase 2 Study
Authors: Yuqin Song, Quanli Gao, Huilai Zhang, Lei Fan, Jianfeng Zhou, Dehui Zou, Wei Li, Haiyan Yang, Ting Liu, Quanshun Wang, Fangfang Lv, Yu Yang, Haiyi Guo, Liudi Yang, Rebecca Elstrom, Jane Huang, William Novotny, Vivian Wei, Jun Zhu
Journal: Blood (2018)
健康成人中的 TEWL 参考值
Authors: M. Akdeniz, S. Gabriel, A. Lichterfeld-Kottner, U. Blume-Peytavi, J. Kottner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

经皮失水率 (TEWL) 是从人体内经皮肤层到外部的通过水份量。这种扩散不能直接观察, 因此我们使用不同的测量装置对其进行检测。测量 TEWL 可能有助于鉴定健康或病态皮肤。TEWL 较高可能是皮肤受损迹象, 意味着皮肤的保护屏障受损, 或未正常工作, 因此导致更多水分通过。但是, TEWL 受很多因素影响,如温度、湿度、年龄、性别、解剖部位 (身体部位)、皮肤温度、测量装置和很多其他因素。因此, TEWL 应谨慎解读, 不存在 “正常” TEWL。这项来自德国的系统评价和荟萃分析旨在结合过去 60 年中发表的众多不同个体研究来探索成人健康皮肤的 TEWL 参考值。作者们提供了来自 212 健康成人研究中 86 个皮肤区域的 TEWL 估计值。他们发现, TEWL 与皮肤部位高度相关, 似乎在右侧和左侧身体部位之间呈对称模式。与较年轻成人相比,老年人 TEWL 似乎总体相似或降低。不同测量装置间的 TEWL 估计值差异似乎微小。 Linked Article:Akdeniz et al. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:1049–1055
Cells Lacking the <i>RB1</i> Tumor Suppressor Gene Are Hyperdependent on Aurora B Kinase for Survival
Authors: Matthew G. Oser, Raquel Fonseca, Abhishek A. Chakraborty, Rachel Brough, Alexander Spektor, Rebecca B. Jennings, Abdallah Flaifel, Jesse S. Novak, Aditi Gulati, Elizabeth Buss, Scott T. Younger, Samuel K. McBrayer, Glenn S. Cowley, Dennis M. Bonal, Quang-De Nguyen, Laura Brulle-Soumare, Paula Taylor, Stefano Cairo, Colm J. Ryan, Elizabeth J. Pease, Kim Maratea, Jon Travers, David E. Root, Sabina Signoretti, David Pellman, Susan Ashton, Christopher J. Lord, Simon T. Barry, William G. Kaelin
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2018)

Abstract Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for 15% of lung cancers and is almost always linked to inactivating RB1 and TP53 mutations. SCLC frequently responds, albeit briefly, to chemotherapy. The canonical function of the RB1 gene product RB1 is to repress the E2F transcription factor family. RB1 also plays both E2F-dependent and E2F-independent mitotic roles. We performed a synthetic lethal CRISPR/Cas9 screen in an RB1−/− SCLC cell line that conditionally expresses RB1 to identify dependencies that are caused by RB1 loss and discovered that RB1−/− SCLC cell lines are hyperdependent on multiple proteins linked to chromosomal segregation, including Aurora B kinase. Moreover, we show that an Aurora B kinase inhibitor is efficacious in multiple preclinical SCLC models at concentrations that are well tolerated in mice. These results suggest that RB1 loss is a predictive biomarker for sensitivity to Aurora B kinase inhibitors in SCLC and perhaps other RB1−/− cancers. Significance: SCLC is rarely associated with actionable protooncogene mutations. We did a CRISPR/Cas9-based screen that showed that RB1−/− SCLC are hyperdependent on AURKB, likely because both genes control mitotic fidelity, and confirmed that Aurora B kinase inhibitors are efficacious against RB1−/− SCLC tumors in mice at nontoxic doses. See related commentary by Dick and Li, p. 169. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 151
Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Era of Precision Medicine: From Molecular Pathology to Tissue-Based Biomarkers
Authors: Sabina Signoretti, Abdallah Flaifel, Ying-Bei Chen, Victor E. Reuter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is not a single entity but includes various tumor subtypes that have been identified on the basis of either characteristic pathologic features or distinctive molecular changes. Clear cell RCC is the most common type of RCC and is characterized by dysregulation of the von Hippel Lindau/hypoxia-inducible factor pathway. Non–clear cell RCC represents a more heterogeneous group of tumors with diverse histopathologic and molecular features. In the past two decades, the improved understanding of the molecular landscape of RCC has led to the development of more effective therapies for metastatic RCC, which include both targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Because only subsets of patients with metastatic RCC respond to a given treatment, predictive biomarkers are needed to guide treatment selection and sequence. In this review, we describe the key histologic features and molecular alterations of RCC subtypes and discuss emerging tissue-based biomarkers of response to currently available therapies for metastatic disease.
Increased 131I Accumulation in the Gallbladder and High-grade Serous Ovarian Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xiaobo Yao, Jiaqiong Wang, Menghua Xia, Junyong Xia, Yizhuang Cheng
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

It is unusual to observe I accumulation in the gallbladder and high-grade serous ovarian adenocarcinoma during posttherapeutic I scan. We report the case of a 55-year-old woman with papillary thyroid cancer, who received total thyroidectomy and then 3 courses of I therapy. The posttherapeutic whole-body scan after the third dose of I therapy revealed abnormal I uptake in the right upper abdomen, overlapping the liver, and the pelvis. Further SPECT/CT imaging found that they were from an enlarged gallbladder and a large pelvic complex solid and cystic mass, which was pathologically confirmed as bilateral high-grade serous ovarian adenocarcinoma.
A polymorphism in the Irisin-encoding gene (FNDC5) associates with hepatic steatosis by differential miRNA binding to the 3′UTR
Authors: Mayada Metwally, Ali Bayoumi, Manuel Romero-Gomez, Khaled Thabet, Miya John, Leon A. Adams, Xiaoqi Huo, Rocio Aller, Carmelo García-Monzón, María Teresa Arias-Loste, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Luca Miele, Rocio Gallego-Durán, Janett Fischer, Thomas Berg, Christopher Liddle, Liang Qiao, Jacob George, Mohammed Eslam
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Krishna Murari Goel
Authors: Robert Carachi, Forrester Cockburn, Robert Logan, John Stephenson, Joyce Goel
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Krishna Murari Goel was born in Agra, India, on 4 September 1936. He was the youngest of five children of devout Hindu parents who used their limited resources to fund their children’s education. His early medical training in Lucknow made him acutely aware of the poverty and the high morbidity and mortality in mothers and children he found there. Therefore, he decided to devote his career to paediatric medicine. His mother tongue was Hindi and his command of English good. Inspired by reading the first edition of Practical Paediatric Problems , written by James Holmes Hutchison und published in 1964, he applied and was accepted for a registrar post with Hutchison, starting in October 1964. He was met at Glasgow airport by a taxi driver organised by Hugh Park, superintendent of the Yorkhill Royal Hospital for Sick Children and Queen Mother’s Maternity Hospital. That welcome had a lasting effect on him, particularly when coupled with his initial disbelief that he could treat or admit any child according to their illness without first asking how much money their families could afford to pay. Krishna worked with Hutchison and Robert Shanks, forming a critical link between Glasgow’s neonatal services at the Southern General Hospital and Rotten Row Maternity Hospital, together with the Yorkhill co-located Queen Mother’s Maternity Hospital and Royal Hospital for Sick Children.

Hutchison retired from his Glasgow chair in 1976 to take the chair of paediatrics in Hong Kong. His successor in Glasgow was Forrester Cockburn, and they shared the editorship of the sixth edition of Practical Paediatric Problems . Krishna was delighted when in 1986 the publishers, Lloyd Luke, issued a low priced Asian postgraduate economy edition of the sixth edition, printed in …
Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation
Authors: Bianca M. L. Stelten, Wenzel van Ommen, Koos Keizer
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
ACTH and cortisol responses to CRH in acute, subacute, and prolonged critical illness: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover cohort study
Authors: Bram Peeters, Philippe Meersseman, Sarah Vander Perre, Pieter J. Wouters, Yves Debaveye, Lies Langouche, Greet Van den Berghe
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2018)

Low plasma ACTH in critically ill patients may be explained by shock/inflammation-induced hypothalamus-pituitary damage or by feedback inhibition exerted by elevated plasma free cortisol. One can expect augmented/prolonged ACTH-responses to CRH injection with hypothalamic damage, immediately suppressed responses with pituitary damage, and delayed decreased responses in prolonged critical illness with feedback inhibition. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover cohort study, compared ACTH responses to 100 µg IV CRH and placebo in 3 cohorts of 40 matched patients in the acute (ICU-day 3–6), subacute (ICU-day 7–16) or prolonged phase (ICU-day 17–28) of critical illness, with 20 demographically matched healthy subjects. CRH or placebo was injected in random order on two consecutive days. Blood was sampled repeatedly over 135 min and AUC responses to placebo were subtracted from those to CRH. Patients had normal mean ± SEM plasma ACTH concentrations (25.5 ± 1.6 versus 24.8 ± 3.6 pg/ml in healthy subjects, P = 0.54) but elevated free cortisol concentrations (3.11 ± 0.27 versus 0.58 ± 0.05 µg/dl in healthy subjects, P < 0.0001). The order of the CRH/placebo injections did not affect the ACTH responses, hence results were pooled. Patients in the acute phase of illness had normal mean ± SEM ACTH responses (5149 ± 848 pg/mL min versus 4120 ± 688 pg/mL min in healthy subjects; P = 0.77), whereas those in the subacute (2333 ± 387 pg/mL min, P = 0.01) and prolonged phases (2441 ± 685 pg/mL min, P = 0.001) were low, irrespective of sepsis/septic shock or risk of death. Suppressed ACTH responses to CRH in the more prolonged phases, but not acute phase, of critical illness are compatible with feedback inhibition exerted by elevated free cortisol, rather than by cellular damage to hypothalamus and/or pituitary.
Recurrence Rates After Repair of Inguinal Hernia in Women
Authors: Line Schmidt, Stina Öberg, Kristoffer Andresen, Jacob Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> To our knowledge, a systematic review has not yet been performed that specifically addresses the management of inguinal hernia in women. Recurrence after repair of inguinal hernia is not unusual in women and may be a previously undiagnosed femoral hernia, which is rarely seen in men. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate rates and types of recurrences in women who had undergone repair of primary inguinal hernia. <h3>Evidence Review</h3> PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane databases were searched in September 2017 for studies reporting recurrences after repair of primary inguinal hernia in women. Crude rates of recurrence (number of recurrences/number of women) were calculated after open and laparoscopic repairs, and the type of recurrent hernia was registered, if noted in the studies. This review is reported according to the PRISMA guideline. <h3>Findings</h3> A total of 55 studies were included, comprising 43 870 women (mean age, 42-69 years; median age, 57 years). Five studies were randomized clinical trials, 14 were prospective cohort studies, 7 were prospective database studies, and 29 were retrospective cohort studies. Twenty studies reported recurrence after laparoscopic repair, with a crude recurrence rate of 1.2% (27 of 2257) (range, 0%-5%) and a median follow-up of 24 months. Thirty-seven studies reported open repair, with a crude recurrence rate of 2.4% (818 of 33 971) (range, 0%-12.5%) and a median follow-up of 36 months. The crude recurrence rate in randomized clinical trials and prospective studies was 1.2% (18 of 1525) after laparoscopic repair compared with 4.9% (490 of 10 058) after open repair. The recurrent inguinal hernia was a femoral hernia in 203 of 496 patients (40.9%) after open repair, compared with 0% of patients after laparoscopic repair. Recurrence rates were similar when open mesh vs nonmesh techniques were used. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Recurrence rates after repair of primary inguinal hernia in women are lower after laparoscopic repair compared with open repair. Intraoperative findings during repair of recurrent inguinal hernia are often femoral hernias in women.
Academic promotion policies and equity in global health collaborations
Authors: Bethany Hedt-Gauthier, Collins O Airhihenbuwa, Ayaga A Bawah, Katherine States Burke, Teena Cherian, Maureen T Connelly, Patricia L Hibberd, Louise C Ivers, Jean Gregory Jerome, Fredrick Kateera, Yukari C Manabe, Duncan Maru, Megan Murray, Anuraj H Shankar, Miriam Shuchman, Jimmy Volmink
Journal: The Lancet (2018)
Genomewide copy number alteration screening of circulating plasma DNA: potential for the detection of incipient tumors
Authors: L. Lenaerts, P. Vandenberghe, N. Brison, H. Che, M. Neofytou, M. Verheecke, L. Leemans, C. Maggen, B. Dewaele, L. Dehaspe, S. Vanderschueren, D. Dierickx, V. Vandecaveye, F. Amant, J.R. Vermeesch
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Early cancer diagnosis might improve survival rates. As circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) carries cancer-specific modifications, it has great potential as a noninvasive biomarker for detection of incipient tumors.We collected cell-free DNA (cfDNA) samples of 1002 elderly without a prior malignancy, carried out whole-genome massive parallel sequencing and scrutinized the mapped sequences for the presence of (sub)chromosomal copy number alterations (CNAs) predictive for a malignancy. When imbalances were detected, 6-monthly clinical follow-up was carried out.In 3% of participants chromosomal imbalances were detected. Follow-up analyses, including whole-body MRI screening, confirmed the presence of five hematologic malignancies: one Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), stage II; three non-HL (type chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Rai I-Binet A; type SLL, stage III; type mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, stage I) and one myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts, stage II. The CNAs detected in cfDNA were tumor-specific. Furthermore, one case was identified with monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis, a potential precursor of B-cell malignancy. In 24 additional individuals, CNAs were identified but no cancer diagnosis was made. For 9 of them, the aberrant cfDNA profile originated from peripheral blood cells. For 15 others the origin of aberrations in cfDNA remains undetermined.Genomewide profiling of cfDNA in apparently healthy individuals enables the detection of incipient hematologic malignancies as well as clonal mosaicism with unknown clinical significance. CNA screening of cellular DNA of peripheral blood in elderly has established that clonal mosaicism for these chromosomal anomalies predicts a 5- to 10-fold enhanced risk of a subsequent cancer. We demonstrate that cfDNA screening detects CNAs, which are not only derived from peripheral blood, but even more from other tissues. Since the clinical relevance of clonal mosaics in other tissues remains unknown, long-term follow-up is warranted. Taken together, this study demonstrates that genomewide cfDNA analysis has potential as an unbiased screening approach for hematological malignancies and premalignant conditions.
Simultaneous Recording of the P Wave During Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Atsuhiko Yagishita, Masahiko Goya, Kenzo Hirao
Journal: Circulation (2018)

ECG CHALLENGEA 46-year-old woman with 2 prior mitral valve repairs presented with dyspnea and fatigue.The patient underwent catheter ablation of a right atrial (RA) tachycardia after the repeat mitral valve repair.The baseline ECG (Figure 1) showed atrial fibrillation (AF) with simultaneous recording of the P waves in the right precordial leads (V 1 -V 3 ).The ECG after cardioversion exhibited dissociated P waves in the precordial leads during an ectopic atrial rhythm that was identical to that during AF (Figure 2).What is the cause of the simultaneous recording of the P waves during AF?How should we analyze the ECG along with the patient's medical history?Please turn the page to read the diagnosis.
Imetelstat Treatment Leads to Durable Transfusion Independence (TI) in RBC Transfusion-Dependent (TD), Non-Del(5q) Lower Risk MDS Relapsed/Refractory to Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent (ESA) Who Are Lenalidomide (LEN) and HMA Naive
Authors: David P. Steensma, Uwe Platzbecker, Koen Van Eygen, Azra Raza, Valeria Santini, Ulrich Germing, Patricia Font, Irina Samarina, Maria Díez-Campelo, Sylvain Thepot, Edo Vellenga, Mrinal M. Patnaik, Jun Ho Jang, Jacqueline Bussolari, Laurie Sherman, Libo Sun, Helen Varsos, Esther Rose, Pierre Fenaux
Journal: Blood (2018)
Efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions to treat malnutrition in older persons: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The SENATOR project ONTOP series and MaNuEL knowledge hub project
Authors: Andrea Correa-Pérez, Iosef Abraha, Antonio Cherubini, Avril Collinson, Dominique Dardevet, Lisette C.P.G.M. de Groot, Marian A.E. de van der Schueren, Antje Hebestreit, Mary Hickson, Javier Jaramillo-Hidalgo, Isabel Lozano-Montoya, Denis O’Mahony, Roy L. Soiza, Marjolein Visser, Dorothee Volkert, Maike Wolters, Alfonso J. Cruz Jentoft
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2018)
Hepatitis A Virus Outbreaks Associated with Drug Use and Homelessness — California, Kentucky, Michigan, and Utah, 2017
Authors: Monique Foster, Sumathi Ramachandran, Katie Myatt, Danielle Donovan, Susan Bohm, Jay Fiedler, Bree Barbeau, Jim Collins, Douglas Thoroughman, Eric McDonald, Jonathan Ballard, Jeffrey Eason, Cynthia Jorgensen
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

During 2017, CDC received 1,521 reports of acute hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections from California, Kentucky, Michigan, and Utah; the majority of infections were among persons reporting injection or noninjection drug use or homelessness. Investigations conducted by local and state health departments indicated that direct person-to-person transmission of HAV infections was occurring, differing from other recent, large HAV outbreaks attributed to consumption of contaminated commercial food products. Outbreaks with direct HAV transmission among persons reporting drug use or homelessness signals a shift in HAV infection epidemiology in the United States, and vaccination of these populations at high risk can prevent future outbreaks.