tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevention of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> Infection with H4:IC31 Vaccine or BCG Revaccination
Authors: Elisa Nemes, Hennie Geldenhuys, Virginie Rozot, Kathryn T. Rutkowski, Frances Ratangee, Nicole Bilek, Simbarashe Mabwe, Lebohang Makhethe, Mzwandile Erasmus, Asma Toefy, Humphrey Mulenga, Willem A. Hanekom, Steven G. Self, Linda-Gail Bekker, Robert Ryall, Sanjay Gurunathan, Carlos A. DiazGranados, Peter Andersen, Ingrid Kromann, Thomas Evans, Ruth D. Ellis, Bernard Landry, David A. Hokey, Robert Hopkins, Ann M. Ginsberg, Thomas J. Scriba, Mark Hatherill
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Recent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection confers a predisposition to the development of tuberculosis disease, the leading killer among global infectious diseases. H4:IC31, a candidate subunit vaccine, has shown protection against tuberculosis disease in preclinical models, and observational studies have indicated that primary bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination may offer partial protection against infection.In this phase 2 trial, we randomly assigned 990 adolescents in a high-risk setting who had undergone neonatal BCG vaccination to receive the H4:IC31 vaccine, BCG revaccination, or placebo. All the participants had negative results on testing for M. tuberculosis infection on the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-tube assay (QFT) and for the human immunodeficiency virus. The primary outcomes were safety and acquisition of M. tuberculosis infection, as defined by initial conversion on QFT that was performed every 6 months during a 2-year period. Secondary outcomes were immunogenicity and sustained QFT conversion to a positive test without reversion to negative status at 3 months and 6 months after conversion. Estimates of vaccine efficacy are based on hazard ratios from Cox regression models and compare each vaccine with placebo.Both the BCG and H4:IC31 vaccines were immunogenic. QFT conversion occurred in 44 of 308 participants (14.3%) in the H4:IC31 group and in 41 of 312 participants (13.1%) in the BCG group, as compared with 49 of 310 participants (15.8%) in the placebo group; the rate of sustained conversion was 8.1% in the H4:IC31 group and 6.7% in the BCG group, as compared with 11.6% in the placebo group. Neither the H4:IC31 vaccine nor the BCG vaccine prevented initial QFT conversion, with efficacy point estimates of 9.4% (P=0.63) and 20.1% (P=0.29), respectively. However, the BCG vaccine reduced the rate of sustained QFT conversion, with an efficacy of 45.4% (P=0.03); the efficacy of the H4:IC31 vaccine was 30.5% (P=0.16). There were no clinically significant between-group differences in the rates of serious adverse events, although mild-to-moderate injection-site reactions were more common with BCG revaccination.In this trial, the rate of sustained QFT conversion, which may reflect sustained M. tuberculosis infection, was reduced by vaccination in a high-transmission setting. This finding may inform clinical development of new vaccine candidates. (Funded by Aeras and others; C-040-404 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02075203 .).
A Chinese herbal medicine preparation (Pei Tu Qing Xin) for children with moderate-to-severe atopic eczema: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: S.X. Gu, X. Mo, A.L. Zhang, J. Liu, M.E. Coyle, S. Ye, Z. Wen, N.E. Cranswick, C.C. Xue, D. Chen
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)
Correction of Biochemical Abnormalities and Improved Muscle Function in a Phase I/II Clinical Trial of Clenbuterol in Pompe Disease
Authors: Dwight D. Koeberl, Laura E. Case, Edward C. Smith, Crista Walters, Sang-oh Han, Yanzhen Li, Wei Chen, Christoph P. Hornik, Kim M. Huffman, William E. Kraus, Beth L. Thurberg, David L. Corcoran, Deeksha Bali, Nenad Bursac, Priya S. Kishnani
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2018)

This 52-week, phase I/II double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study investigated the novel use of clenbuterol in late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD) stably treated with ERT. Eleven of thirteen participants completed the study. No serious adverse events were related to clenbuterol, and transient minor adverse events included mild elevations of creatine kinase, muscle spasms, and tremors. At week 52, the 6-min walk test distance increased by a mean of 16 m (p = 0.08), or a mean of 3% of predicted performance (p = 0.03), and the maximum inspiratory pressure increased 8% (p = 0.003) for the clenbuterol group. The quick motor function test score improved by a mean of seven points (p = 0.007); and the gait, stairs, gower, chair test improved by a mean of two points (p = 0.004). Clenbuterol decreased glycogen content in the vastus lateralis by 50% at week 52. Transcriptome analysis revealed more normal muscle gene expression for 38 of 44 genes related to Pompe disease following clenbuterol. The placebo group demonstrated no significant changes over the course of the study. This study provides initial evidence for safety and efficacy of adjunctive clenbuterol in patients with LOPD (NCT01942590).
Two concurrent outbreaks of hepatitis A highlight the risk of infection for non-immune travellers to Morocco, January to June 2018
Authors: Martyna Gassowski, Kai Michaelis, Jürgen J. Wenzel, Mirko Faber, Julie Figoni, Lina Mouna, Ingrid HM Friesema, Harry Vennema, Ana Avellon, Carmen Varela, Lena Sundqvist, Josefine Lundberg Ederth, James Plunkett, Koye Balogun, Siew Lin Ngui, Sofie Elisabeth Midgley, Sofie Gillesberg Lassen, Luise Müller
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2018)

From January to June 2018, two ongoing hepatitis A outbreaks affected travellers returning from Morocco and cases in Europe without travel history, resulting in 163 patients in eight European countries. Most interviewed travel-related cases were unaware of the hepatitis A risk in Morocco. Molecular analysis revealed two distinct hepatitis A virus (HAV) strains (subgenotype IA DK2018_231; subgenotype IB V18–16428). Vaccination recommendations should be emphasised to increase awareness among non-immune travellers to Morocco and HAV-endemic countries.
GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY IN HEALTH 4.0: HOW SAFE ARE WE?
Authors: P Decristoforo, J Kaltseis, A Fritz, M Edlinger, W Posch, D Wilflingseder, C Lass-Floerl, D Orth-Hoeller
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Several outbreaks of severe infections due to contamination of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopes have been described previously. However, the true rate of microbial contamination during endoscopy is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the hygiene quality of endoscopy units in Tyrol/Austria in a two point prevalence study.
Eficacia y seguridad de ziverel como solución para la inyección submucosa en la mucosectomía comparado con gelafundina: Estudio de supervivencia en modelo porcino
Authors: H Córdova, A García-Rodríguez, A Montenegro, J Melo, M Cuatrecasas, C Rodríguez-De Miguel, D Capitán, G Martínez-Pallí, J Llach, G Fernández-Esparrach
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

Las técnicas de mucosectomía (EMR) precisan la inyección submucosa de fluidos para reducir el riesgo de complicaciones. La combinación de ácido hialurónico, sulfato de condroitina y poloxámero 407 (Ziverel) produce un habón submucoso de larga duración y no produce daño tisular agudo por lo que podría ser adecuado para EMR.
BANDING HAEMORRHOIDS USING THE “HAEMOBAND”
Authors: D Paikos, I Moschos, G Kouklakis
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Haemorrhoids are the most common anorectal disorder in the Western World. Many treatment options have been proposed to treat early-stage haemorrhoids. There is general agreement that rubber banding ligation (RBL) is safe and effective. The aim of the study is to evaluate a new haemorrhoid banding device (Haemoband).
Hypothyroidism during immunotherapy with interleukin-2 is associated with antithyroid antibodies and response to treatment.
Authors: N I Weijl, D Van der Harst, A Brand, Y Kooy, S Van Luxemburg, J Schroder, E Lentjes, J J Van Rood, F J Cleton, S Osanto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (1993)

PURPOSE We investigated whether the association of interleukin-2 (IL-2) with hypothyroidism is related to the presence of thyroid autoantibodies, dose of IL-2, and clinical effectiveness of treatment, and reviewed the literature. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixteen cancer patients were treated with high-dose recombinant, continuous infusion IL-2 (18 x 10(6) IU/m2/d) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. One patient previously treated for a toxic goiter with radioactive iodine was analyzed separately. Thyroid function and levels of thyroid antibodies were determined regularly. RESULTS Seven of 15 patients (47%) became hypothyroid with high serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels within 60 to 120 days after the start of treatment; five responded favorably to treatment (one complete remission [CR], four partial remissions [PRs]), compared with none of the other eight patients. Two hypothyroid patients developed antimicrosomal antibodies (AMAs), one showed a further increase of antithyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs), and six developed TgAbs. Only one of eight euthyroid patients developed slightly elevated TgAb levels. Development of hypothyroidism correlated significantly with a favorable response to treatment (r = .76, P = .001). The patient, treated with radioactive iodine, also became hypothyroid with high levels of TSH and development of AMAs and TgAbs. No difference was found between the hypothyroid and euthyroid patients in mean cumulative dose of IL-2 administered within the first 60 days or total treatment period, or with the relative dose-intensity. No other autoantibodies were found and patients had normal corticotropin (ACTH) stimulation tests. CONCLUSION The likelihood of developing (transient) hypothyroidism is higher in patients who respond to IL-2 treatment. The development of antithyroid antibodies suggests that IL-2 treatment triggers autoreactive B-cell clones or that cellular and/or cytokine-mediated thyroid destruction leads to activation of autoreactive B-cell clones.
LINKED COLOR IMAGING OF GASTRIC INTESTINAL METAPLASIA IS IMPORTANT TO IDENTIFY EARLY GASTRIC CANCER WITH HIGH COLOR CONTRAST
Authors: T Takezawa, H Osawa, H Fukuda, Y Miura, Y Ino, M Okada, H Yamamoto
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

It is difficult to precisely identify gastric cancer and surrounding intestinal metaplasia by conventional white light imaging (WLI) despite the pathological relationship between them. Purple color mucosa by linked color imaging (LCI) is reported to have potential to correspond to intestinal metaplasia near early gastric cancer. The aim is to clarify characteristic features of LCI regarding early gastric cancers and background intestinal metaplasia.
Cohort Harmonization and Integrative Analysis From a Biomedical Engineering Perspective
Authors: Konstadina D. Kourou, Vasileios C. Pezoulas, Eleni I. Georga, Themis P. Exarchos, Panayiotis Tsanakas, Manolis Tsiknakis, Theodora Varvarigou, Salvatore De Vita, Athanasios Tzioufas, Dimitrios I. Fotiadis
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2018)

In this review, the critical parts and milestones for data harmonization, from the biomedical engineering perspective, are outlined. The need for data sharing between heterogeneous sources paves the way for cohort harmonization; thus, fostering data integration and interdisciplinary research. Unmet needs in chronic diseases, as well as in other diseases, can be addressed based on the integration of patient health records and the sharing of information of the clinical picture and outcome. The stratification of patients, the determination of various clinical and outcome features, and the identification of novel biomarkers for the different phenotypes of the disease characterize the impact of cohort harmonization in patient-centered clinical research and in precision medicine. Subsequently, the establishment of matching techniques and ontologies for the creation of data schemas are also presented. The exploitation of web technologies and data-collection tools supports the opportunities to achieve new levels of integration and interoperability. Ethical and legal issues that arise when sharing and harmonizing individual-level data are discussed in order to evaluate the harmonization potential. Use cases that shape and test the harmonization approach are explicitly analyzed along with their significant results on their research objectives. Finally, future trends and directions are discussed and critically reviewed toward a roadmap in cohort harmonization for clinical medicine.
Urea cycle dysregulation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Francesco De Chiara, Sara Heebøll, Giusi Marrone, Carmina Montoliu, Stephen Hamilton-Dutoit, Antonio Ferrandez, Fausto Andreola, Krista Rombouts, Henning Grønbæk, Vicente Felipo, Jordi Gracia-Sancho, Rajeshwar P. Mookerjee, Hendrik Vilstrup, Rajiv Jalan, Karen Louise Thomsen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Expansion of hedgehog disrupts mesenchymal identity and induces emphysema phenotype
Authors: Chaoqun Wang, Nabora S. Reyes de Mochel, Stephanie A. Christenson, Monica Cassandras, Rebecca Moon, Alexis N. Brumwell, Lauren E. Byrnes, Alfred Li, Yasuyuki Yokosaki, Peiying Shan, Julie B. Sneddon, David Jablons, Patty J. Lee, Michael A. Matthay, Harold A. Chapman, Tien Peng
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2018)

GWAS have repeatedly mapped susceptibility loci for emphysema to genes that modify hedgehog signaling, but the functional relevance of hedgehog signaling to this morbid disease remains unclear. In the current study, we identified a broad population of mesenchymal cells in the adult murine lung receptive to hedgehog signaling, characterized by higher activation of hedgehog surrounding the proximal airway relative to the distal alveoli. Single-cell RNA-sequencing showed that the hedgehog-receptive mesenchyme is composed of mostly fibroblasts with distinct proximal and distal subsets with discrete identities. Ectopic hedgehog activation in the distal fibroblasts promoted expression of proximal fibroblast markers and loss of distal alveoli and airspace enlargement of over 20% compared with controls. We found that hedgehog suppressed mesenchymal-derived mitogens enriched in distal fibroblasts that regulate alveolar stem cell regeneration and airspace size. Finally, single-cell analysis of the human lung mesenchyme showed that segregated proximal-distal identity with preferential hedgehog activation in the proximal fibroblasts was conserved between mice and humans. In conclusion, we showed that differential hedgehog activation segregates mesenchymal identities of distinct fibroblast subsets and that disruption of fibroblast identity can alter the alveolar stem cell niche, leading to emphysematous changes in the murine lung.
Cyclophosphamide plus ATG conditioning is insufficient for sustained hematopoietic reconstitution in patients with severe aplastic anemia transplanted with marrow from HLA-A, B, DRB matched unrelated donors [letter]
Authors: HJ Deeg, C Anasetti, E Petersdorf, R Storb, K Doney, JA Hansen, J Sanders, KM Sullivan, FR Appelbaum
Journal: Blood (1994)
Measuring Trends in Infant Mortality Due to Unintentional Suffocation
Authors: Michael J. Davies, Alice R. Rumbold
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Biphenotypic leukemic lymphocyte precursors in CD2+CD19+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia and their putative normal counterparts in human fetal hematopoietic tissues
Authors: FM Uckun, A Muraguchi, JA Ledbetter, T Kishimoto, RT O'Brien, JS Roloff, K Gajl- Peczalska, A Provisor, B Koller
Journal: Blood (1989)
Teriflunomide Modulates Vascular Permeability and Microglial Activation after Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Karthik S. Prabhakara, Daniel J. Kota, Gregory H. Jones, Amit K. Srivastava, Charles S. Cox, Scott D. Olson
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2018)

Despite intensive research and clinical trials with numerous therapeutic treatments, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health problem in the United States. There is no effective FDA-approved treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with TBI. Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of TBI. We looked to re-purpose existing drugs that reduce immune activation without broad immunosuppression. Teriflunomide, an FDA-approved drug, has been shown to modulate immunological responses outside of its ability to inhibit pyrimidine synthesis in rapidly proliferating cells. In this study, we tested the efficacy of teriflunomide to treat two different injury intensities in rat models of TBI. Our results show that teriflunomide restores blood-brain barrier integrity, decreases inflammation, and increases neurogenesis in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus. While we were unable to detect neurocognitive effects of treatment on memory and special learning abilities after treatment, a 2-week treatment following injury was sufficient to reduce neuroinflammation up to 120 days later.
Biomimetic Tissue Engineering: Tuning the Immune and Inflammatory Response to Implantable Biomaterials
Authors: Francesca Taraballi, Manuela Sushnitha, Christopher Tsao, Guillermo Bauza, Chiara Liverani, Aaron Shi, Ennio Tasciotti
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2018)

Regenerative medicine technologies rely heavily on the use of well-designed biomaterials for therapeutic applications. The success of implantable biomaterials hinges upon the ability of the chosen biomaterial to negotiate with the biological barriers in vivo. The most significant of these barriers is the immune system, which is composed of a highly coordinated organization of cells that induce an inflammatory response to the implanted biomaterial. Biomimetic platforms have emerged as novel strategies that aim to use the principle of biomimicry as a means of immunomodulation. This principle has manifested itself in the form of biomimetic scaffolds that imitate the composition and structure of biological cells and tissues. Recent work in this area has demonstrated the promising potential these technologies hold in overcoming the barrier of the immune system and, thereby, improve their overall therapeutic efficacy. In this review, a broad overview of the use of these strategies across several diseases and future avenues of research utilizing these platforms is provided.
Matrix sieving-enforced retrograde transcytosis regulates tissue accumulation of C-reactive protein
Authors: Hai-Yun Li, Xiao-Ling Liu, Yu-Tong Liu, Zhe-Kun Jia, János G Filep, Lawrence A Potempa, Shang-Rong Ji, Yi Wu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)

Circulating proteins larger than 3 nm can be transported across continuous endothelial barrier of blood vessels via transcytosis. However, excessive accumulation of serum proteins within the vessel walls is uncommon even for those abundant in the circulation. The aim of this study was to investigate how transcytosis regulates tissue accumulation of the prototypical acute-phase reactant C-reactive protein (CRP) and other serum proteins.Transcytosis of CRP as well as of transferrin and low-density lipoprotein across aortic endothelial cells is bidirectional with directional preference from the apical (blood) to basolateral (tissue) direction both in vitro and in vivo. This directional preference is, however, reversed by the basement membrane (BM) matrix underlying the basolateral surface of endothelial cells. This is due to the sieving effect of the BM that physically hinders the diffusion of transcytosed proteins from the apical compartment towards underlying tissues, resulting in immediate retrograde transcytosis that limits basolateral protein accumulation. Conversely, CRP produced within vessel wall lesions can also be transported into the circulation.Our findings identify matrix sieving-enforced retrograde transcytosis as a general mechanism that prevents excessive tissue accumulation of blood-borne proteins and suggest that lesion-derived CRP might also contribute to elevated serum CRP levels associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases.
Salivary Gland Stem Cells Age Prematurely in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Sarah Pringle, Xiaoyan Wang, Gwenny M. P. J. Verstappen, Janneke H. Terpstra, Clarence K. Zhang, Aiqing He, Vishal Patel, Rhiannon E. Jones, Duncan M. Baird, Fred K. L. Spijkervet, Arjan Vissink, Hendrika Bootsma, Robert P. Coppes, Frans G. M. Kroese
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2018)

Objective A major characteristic of the autoimmune disease primary Sjögren's syndrome ( SS ) is salivary gland ( SG ) hypofunction. The inability of resident SG stem cells ( SGSC s) to maintain homeostasis and saliva production has never been explained and limits our comprehension of mechanisms underlying primary SS . The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of salivary gland stem cells in hyposalivation in primary SS. Methods SGSC s were isolated from parotid biopsy samples from controls and patients classified as having primary SS or incomplete primary SS , according to the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria. Self‐renewal and differentiation assays were used to determine SGSC regenerative potential, RNA was extracted for sequencing analysis, single telomere length analysis was conducted to determine telomere length, and frozen tissue samples were used for immunohistochemical analysis. Results SGSC s isolated from primary SS parotid gland biopsy samples were regeneratively inferior to healthy control specimens. We demonstrated that SGSC s from samples from patients with primary SS are not only lower in number and less able to differentiate, but are likely to be senescent, as revealed by telomere length analysis, RNA sequencing, and immunostaining. We further found that SGSC s exposed to primary SS –associated proinflammatory cytokines we induced to proliferate, express senescence‐associated genes, and subsequently differentiate into intercalated duct cells. We also localized p16+ senescent cells to the intercalated ducts in primary SS SG tissue, suggesting a block in SGSC differentiation into acinar cells. Conclusion This study represents the first characterization of SGSC s in primary SS , and also the first demonstration of a linkage between an autoimmune disease and a parenchymal premature‐aging phenotype. The knowledge garnered in this study indicates that disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs used to treat primary SS are not likely to restore saliva production, and should be supplemented with fresh SGSC s to recover saliva production.