tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fifty years of faecal microbiota transplant in Central Australia
Authors: Eliza Jane Temple Milliken
Journal: Gut (2018)

I read with interest the recent work of Zuo et al and Cammarota et al on faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).1 2 The past half-decade has seen a salvo of interest into FMT and its potential uses outside the treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis.1–4 Anecdotally, FMT is traced back to a treatment favoured by Pliny the Elder and a technique used in Chinese Medicine since antiquity.3 It is of interest that, although only recently accepted into …
Two in five GPs have had mental health problems, survey finds
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Around 40% of GPs in England and Wales have experienced conditions such as depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder, a survey has found.

Mind, the mental health charity, conducted the online survey of 1066 GPs in England and Wales. It found that many GPs with mental health problems would not consider turning to their colleagues for support.

Of those who responded, most (84%; 843) said that they would seek support from friends and family, while 77% (758) said that they would speak to their own doctor for support.

Just under half (45%; 445) said that they would …
Abstract 12702: A Novel Human S10F-Hsp20 Mutation Induces Lethal Peripartum Cardiomyopathy <i>(Best of Basic Science Abstract)</i>
Authors: Guansheng Liu, Min Jiang, Wenfeng Cai, George Adly, George Gardner, Chi Keung Lam, Jack Rubinstein, Evangelia G. Kranias
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Heat shock protein 20 (Hsp20) has emerged as a novel cardioprotector against stress-induced injury. In this study, we investigated the functional significance of a novel human Hsp20 mutation (S10F) in peri-partum cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results: We identified a human S10F-Hsp20 mutant with a frequency of 2.8% in dilated cardiomyopathy patients (470 screened), while we did not find any normal subjects carrying this mutation (282 screened). To determine the functional significance of S10F-Hsp20, transgenic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of this mutant were generated. We observed that female TGs were fertile, and delivered normal litter sizes, but they invariably died after 2, 3 or 4 pregnancies (Fig. 1a). However, overexpression of WT-Hsp20 to similar levels as S10F was not associated with any deaths following multiple pregnancies. Further histological examination of S10F females revealed significantly dilated hearts and increased heart weight/tibia length after the third delivery, compared to WT (non transgenic) mice. (Fig. 1b,c). Echocardiography assessment showed that this dilation (Fig. 1d) is associated with increased left ventricular end-systolic volume (Fig. 1e), increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume, depressed ejection fraction (Fig. 1f) and decreased fractional shortening. Further studies revealed that cardiomyocyte apoptosis was increased by 4 fold in S10F hearts after the third delivery(Fig. 1g,h). The mechanisms associated with the detrimental remodelling in S10F females included decreased Akt (Fig. 1i) and ERK phosphorylation under both baseline and pregnancy conditions. As a result, the activities of Akt and ERK were reduced, contributing to increased cell death in the S10F hearts of pregnant females. Conclusion: The human S10F mutation may compromise the heart’s coping with pregnancy induced stress conditions mainly through increased apoptosis by reduction of Akt and ERK activities.
Abstract 17237: Overweight Associated With Advanced Biventricular Remodeling and Increased Morbidity in Adults With Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Jonathan D Kochav, Brian Ghoshhajra, Doreen DeFaria Yeh, Sean Singer, Pedro V Staziaki, Ami B Bhatt
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Individuals with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) often develop progressive pulmonary regurgitation (PR) and right ventricular (RV) dilation after initial repair, placing them at risk of arrhythmia, right heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. MRI research has led to body surface area (BSA)-indexed RV end-diastolic volume cutoffs (RVEDV&gt;160ml/m2) for timing of pulmonary valve replacement (PVR), a strategy potentially limited by rising rates of obesity in this population. Hypothesis: Indexing RV volumes to actual BSA may underestimate disease progression in overweight patients. Methods: This retrospective analysis identified adults with rTOF and significant PR who underwent MRI for evaluation of RVEDV prior to consideration of PVR. Charts were reviewed for major adverse clinic events including death, heart failure, and sustained arrhythmia. Chamber volumes were indexed to BSA, as well as ideal BSA (defined by weight set to achieve BMI of 25). Results: 58 adults with rTOF who met inclusion criteria were identified; 43% were overweight (BMI&gt;25). Compared with normal weight individuals, overweight patients were older at MRI (44±12 vs 30±10 years, p&lt;0.001) and definitive repair (9±8 vs 3±3 years, p=0.002), and more likely to have staged repair (56% vs 24%, p=0.01). Overweight patients had more advanced RV (RVEF 40±11% vs 55±33%, p=0.03) and LV (LVEF 53±12% vs. 59±13%, p=0.02) systolic dysfunction, as well as larger LVEDV (84±26 vs 65±15ml/m2, p=0.001) and RVEDV (152±50 vs 139± 61ml/m2, p=0.37) when indexed to ideal BSA. Overweight patients had higher incidence of arrhythmia (58% vs 20%, p=0.04), and decompensated HF (15% vs 0%, p=0.06) prior to MRI. Indexing RVEDV to ideal BSA in the overweight population led to reclassification of 4 patients meeting criteria for PVR (15 vs 11, p&lt;0.001) meeting established criteria for PVR (RVEDV&gt;160ml/m2), 3/4 of whom had clinical arrhythmia prior to MRI. Conclusions: Overweight patients with rTOF not only demonstrate advanced biventricular remodeling, but also experience negative clinical outcomes. Indexing RV volume to actual BSA may underestimate chamber size, whereas indexing to ideal BSA may identify high risk patients at risk for cardiac outcomes who could benefit from PVR.
Screening for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Lee A. Learman, Francisco A. R. Garcia
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Accuracy of Pulse Oximetry-Based Home Baby Monitors
Authors: Christopher P. Bonafide, A. Russell Localio, Daria F. Ferro, Evan W. Orenstein, David T. Jamison, Chris Lavanchy, Elizabeth E. Foglia
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Accuracy of Pulse Oximetry-Based Home Baby Monitors][3][4] This study measured the accuracy of pulse oximetry-based consumer baby monitors using an FDA-cleared oximeter as a reference.
Cervical Cancer Screening—Moving From the Value of Evidence to the Evidence of Value
Authors: George F. Sawaya
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Amnion‐Analogous Medical Device for Fetal Membrane Healing: A Preclinical Long‐Term Study
Authors: Jae Yeon Lee, Hyeonji Kim, Dong‐Heon Ha, Jong Chul Shin, Ahyoung Kim, Hyun Sun Ko, Dong‐Woo Cho
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2018)

Abstract Although recent invasive fetal surgeries have improved fetal outcomes, fetal membrane rupture remains a major complication, leading to premature delivery, thus undermining the complete benefits of such procedures. A biocompatible amnion‐analogous medical device (AMED) consisting of polycaprolactone framework and decellularized amniotic membrane (dAM)–derived hydrogel for restoration of amniotic membrane defect is developed using 3D printing technology. Its efficacy on healing iatrogenic fetal membrane defects in vitro is evaluated, showing that the dAM gel contains migratory and proliferative properties. The fetoscope feasibility of the developed AMED is assessed using a pregnant swine model. All animals had successfully recovered from anesthesia and the fetoscopic procedure and maintained a healthy condition until the end of the pregnancy. AMED exhibits superior surgical handling characteristics and is easy to manufacture, nonimmunogenic, biocompatible, and suitable for storage and transport for off‐the‐shelf use; hence, it can be used in successfully sealing defect sites, thus improving the preservation of the amniotic fluid, which in turn improves fetal survival and development.
Abstract 16245: Can Two-Dimensional Speckle Tracking Imaging Detect the Myocardial Fibrosis in Aortic Stenosis Patients?
Authors: Minako Katayama, Prasad Panse, Christopher Kendall, David Fortuin, John Sweeney, Marek Belohlavek, Hari Chaliki
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Determining the appropriate timing of intervention is critical and clinically complex in the management of aortic stenosis (AS). An early intervention may be justified in case of subclinical systolic dysfunction in patients with preserved LVEF. Positive gadolinium delayed enhancement (GdDE) by MRI is a marker of myocardial fibrosis and reported to be a negative prognostic factor. The aim of this study was 1) to assess the myocardial fibrosis using GdDE in AS with preserved EF, and 2) to test the diagnostic value of longitudinal strain to detect myocardial fibrosis. Methods: Thirty-nine patients with moderate or severe AS were prospectively enrolled. Previous myocardial infarction, presence of wall motion asynergy, greater than mild valvular regurgitation, any known cardiomyopathy, EF<50%, and age<65 were excluded. Patients had cardiac MRI and were assessed presence or absence of GdDE, and had comprehensive echocardiography examinations. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) and regional longitudi...
Abstract 21171: Combinatorial Aso-Mediated Knockdown of ApoB and DGAT2 Inhibits Both VLDL Secretion and High Fat Diet Induced Hepatic Steatosis
Authors: Tatyana Fedotova, Antonio Hernandez-Ono, Sarah Gibeley, Henry Ginsberg
Journal: Circulation (2017)

We previously demonstrated that mice fed a Western-type and treated with apoB antisense (ASO) for 6 weeks had both reductions in VLDL secretion and the same levels of hepatic triglycerides (TG) as did mice receiving control ASO. The reduction in hepatic TG was due to trapping of TG that had been transferred to the ER lumen by MTP where it was trapped because of the knockdown (KD) of apoB. Trapped ER-TG stimulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) autophagy (A), which transported ER-TG to lysosomes where it was hydrolyzed to fatty acids (FA) that were oxidized by mitochondria. We have used this model in test if ASO treatment to KD apoB together with either diacylglycerol-acylt-transferase-1 (DGAT1) or DGAT2 ASO-KD would (1) reduce hepatic TG to levels below mice receiving only control ASO, and (2) provide insights into whether either DGAT1 or DGAT2 preferentially transferred newly synthesized TG into the ER. ASO-KD of either DGAT1 or DGAT2 alone reduced secretion of apoB and TG about 30-40%, but hepatic TG was much greater than controls with DGAT1 KD and less than controls with DGAT2 KD. Combined KD of either apoB and DGAT1 or apoB and DGAT2 inhibited apoB and TG secretion similarly by about 70-80%, the same degree of inhibition as with apoB ASO alone. Both double KD approaches reduced hepatic TG to below that of either control or apoB ASO alone, but hepatic TG with combined apoB-DGAT2 KD was about half of that seen with apoB-DGAT1 KD: combined apoB-DGAT2 KD had hepatic TG that was reduced by 75% versus control ASO-treated mice and similar to levels we see with chow diets. As we previously reported, apoB KD for 6 weeks caused ER autophagy and increased FA oxidation; levels of ER autophagy and FA oxidation with combined apoB-DGAT1 KD were similar to apoB KD alone. Importantly, combined apoB-DGAT2 KD had both more ER autophagy and greater increases in FA oxidation than either apoB KD or apoB-DGAT1 KD. Thus, apoB-DGAT2 KD could be a promising therapy for reduction of apoB-lipoproteins without hepatic steatosis. The results also indicate that TG synthesized by DGAT1 is preferentially transferred to the ER compared to DGAT2 generated TG.
The effect of family history on adherence to breast cancer screening guidelines.
Authors: Lauren Marie Hibler, Anees B. Chagpar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

1571 Background: A family history of breast cancer increases the risk of developing this disease. We sought to determine the effect of a family history of a first degree relative with breast cancer (FDFHx) on adherence to mammography (MMG) and clinical breast examination (CBE) guidelines. Methods: The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), conducted annually by the Centers for Disease Control, is designed to be representative of the US population. The 2010 NHIS data was used to evaluate the effect of FDFHx on the likelihood that women aged ≥ 30 had MMG and/or CBE within the past year. Results: Of the 12,320 women aged ≥ 30, 1276 (10.7%) had a FDFHx; 1263 (99.0%) of female breast cancer and 13 (1.0%) of male breast cancer. Overall, 4573 (38.4%) of women reported having had MMG within the past year; 5377 (46.3%) had CBE within the past year. FDFHx was associated with use of MMG and CBE within the past year (58.0% vs. 36.0%, p&lt;0.001, and 57.5% vs. 45.0%, p&lt;0.001, respectively). Women with a FDFHx of male breast cancer were no more likely to have MMG (72.5% vs. 57.9%, p=0.313) nor CBE (66.8% vs. 57.4%, p=0.518) within the past year than those with a FDFHx of female breast cancer. On multivariate analysis controlling for age, race, personal history of breast cancer (PHx), income, insurance, education and region, FDFHx was associated with a higher likelihood of having MMG (OR=1.75; 95% CI: 1.48-2.06, p&lt;0.001) and CBE (OR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.26-1.74, p&lt;0.001) within the past year. Region was not associated with adherence to either MMG or CBE screening guidelines. Conclusions: FDFHx, along with age, race, PHx, income, insurance, and education, is an independent predictor of adherence to screening MMG and CBE guidelines. Still, only 58% of women with a FDFHx had MMG and CBE in the past year. Further efforts are warranted to improve screening in this population at increased risk. [Table: see text]
Abstract 13675: New Treatments for Myocardial Stunning: Creating an Optimal Drug Cocktail for CPR
Authors: Jing Li, Zuo-Hui Shao, Changqing Li, Xiangdong Zhu, Terry L Vanden Hoek
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Myocardial stunning following sudden cardiac arrest resuscitation increases morbidity and mortality. Previous work suggests that intra-ischemic cooling protects against stunning by enhancing Akt survival signaling, with related enhancement of glucose utilization and NAD+ recovery. New or existing drugs that mimic these effects could improve cardiac arrest outcomes. Here we test agents known to activate PI3K/Akt signaling, increase pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, and enhance NAD+ content. They were tested for their ability to improve contractile recovery in a mouse cardiomyocyte stunning model. Methods: Primary neonatal cardiomyocytes were exposed to 30 min ischemia and 90 min reperfusion followed by 10 min isoproterenol (1μM). Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) using intra-ischemic cooling (32 ± 0.5°C), the PTEN inhibitor VO-OHpic (VO, 1μM), insulin (0.01U/ml), intralipid (ILE, 0.25%), dichloracetate (DCA, 2 mM), and the NAD+ augmentation agents NAM (10 μM), and Nampt peptide (1-200 nM) were administered at reperfusion. Akt phosphorylation was detected by Western blot. ATP content was measured by a fluorescent assay kit. Results: Compared to control cells, spontaneous contractions ceased within 5 min of ischemia and upon reperfusion recovered to less than 40% of baseline contractions despite isoproterenol treatment. Comparable to TH, the use of VO, DCA, NAM, insulin or ILE all induced a rapid and strong contractile recovery with the most significant sustained effect seen with VO and ILE. Both VO and TH improved recovery of ATP after reperfusion to comparable levels. NAM resulted in a rapid recovery that was not sustained with one dose, while Nampt had no effect. The most synergistic cocktail of two-drug combinations tested was VO plus NAM. VO increased Akt phosphorylation while NAM treatment did not, suggesting that the complementary protective effect of NAM was downstream of Akt activation. Conclusions: Treatment of contractile stunning after cardiac ischemia can be achieved by drugs that mimic critical aspects of cooling protection, including Akt activation and NAD+ supplementation. Further work is needed to test drug combinations during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) that improve myocardial recovery.
Trajectories of changes in glucose tolerance in a multiethnic cohort of obese youths: an observational prospective analysis
Authors: Alfonso Galderisi, Cosimo Giannini, Ram Weiss, Grace Kim, Veronika Shabanova, Nicola Santoro, Bridget Pierpont, Mary Savoye, Sonia Caprio
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2018)
Risk of peritoneal carcinomatosis in pT4 and perforated colorectal cancer.
Authors: Lourdes Gutierrez Gutierrez Sanz, Joaquin M Muñoz-Rodríguez, Arsenio S Movilla, Isabel Alonso, Ángel Serrano, Estibalitz Pérez-Viejo, Cecilia Penacoba, Ana Ruiz-Casado
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

787 Background: Peritoneal carcinomatosis has a dismal prognosis with shorter overall survival than other isolated metastases. In selected patients, HIPEC shows encouraging results. However, early diagnosis continues to be a challenge. COLOPEC trial has been designed to determine the effectiveness of HIPEC in pT4 and perforated colon cancer expecting 25% of peritoneal carcinomatosis in the control arm. A routine second-look procedure in a pilot trial addressed to high-risk patients revealed peritoneal carcinomatosis in 13.3 % in the pT4 group and 50% in the perforation group. Methods: The aim of our study is to describe the risk of clinical/radiological peritoneal relapse in a high-risk population.This is a retrospective study. 711 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer between 2012 and 2014 according to the hospital – based registry hospital, were reviewed. Patients with stage IV at diagnosis were excluded. 95 cases were considered as high-risk patients. We categorized different classes for pT4 (only), perforation (only) and pT4 + perforation. Results: Peritoneal carcinomatosis was identified during the follow-up in 19 (20 %) of patients initially diagnosed with pT4, perforated colorectal cancer or both. Conclusions: Whereas the risk of peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with an only risk factor (pT4 or perforation) is 0-15%, it increases up to 33% (one in three patients) when both pT4 and perforation coexist. It is important to collect this information in the clinical record and considering it for the decision-making process. Second-look procedures should not be performed out of the setting of clinical trials. Some patients considered as high-risk patients in old series could have a good prognosis nowadays. [Table: see text]
Properties, metabolism and roles of sulfogalactosylglycerolipid in male reproduction
Authors: Nongnuj Tanphaichitr, Kessiri Kongmanas, Kym F. Faull, Julian Whitelegge, Federica Compostella, Naoko Goto-Inoue, James-Jules Linton, Brendon Doyle, Richard Oko, Hongbin Xu, Luigi Panza, Arpornrad Saewu
Journal: Progress in Lipid Research (2018)
Functional redundancy between RAP1 isoforms in murine platelet production and function
Authors: Lucia Stefanini, Robert H. Lee, David S. Paul, Ellen C. O'Shaughnessy, Dorsaf Ghalloussi, Christopher I. Jones, Yacine Boulaftali, Kathryn O. Poe, Raymond Piatt, Dan O. Kechele, Kathleen M. Caron, Klaus M. Hahn, Jonathan M. Gibbins, Wolfgang Bergmeier
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract 12200: Comparison of Exercise-Induced Hemodynamic Changes Between Anterior and Posterior Mitral Prolapse in Patients With Asymptomatic Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Jeong-Eun Yi, Hae-Ok Jung, Ho-Joong Youn
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Exercise-induced hemodynamic changes depending on the location of prolapsed leaflet have not been elucidated. The study tried to compare exercise-induced hemodynamic changes between AML and PML prolapse in asymptomatic degenerative MR. Methods: We enrolled 29 patients with asymptomatic moderate to severe degenerative MR (i.e., mitral valve prolapse or flail) and patients were classified by the location of prolapsed leaflet including 15 with anterior mitral leaflet [AML] and 14 with posterior mitral leaflet [PML]. Resting and semi-supine bicycle exercise Doppler-echocardiography were performed and MR was quantified at rest and exercise with effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) and regurgitant volume calculated with the proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) and the quantitative Doppler methods. Exercise-induced PHTN was defined as a right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) &gt; 60 mmHg during exercise. Results: At rest, baseline echocardiographic parameters were not different between the two groups. During exercise, mean EROA and regurgitant volume (RV) were markedly increased in patients with PML prolapse compared to those with AML prolapse (ΔEROA, 0.21±0.19 vs 0.05±0.10, P=0.012 and ΔRV 19.4±20.0 vs 3.3±17.5, P=0.030). Moreover, exercise-induced change of RVSP was more significant in PML prolapsed compared with AML prolapsed (ΔRVSP, 42.2±10.5 vs 26.7±8.6, P&lt;0.0001). However, the prevalence of exercise-induced PHTN during the exercise was similar in both groups. Interestingly, PML prolapsed demonstrated more increase in LV cavity volume and LV spherical change during exercise compared with AML prolapse as shown in table 1. Conclusion: During exercise, PML prolapsed is associated with more increase of MR severity, more increased RVSP, and more significant LV remodeling compared to the AML prolapsed in patients with moderate to severe degenerative MR.