tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The effect of paternal factors on perinatal and paediatric outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nan B Oldereid, Ulla-Britt Wennerholm, Anja Pinborg, Anne Loft, Hannele Laivuori, Max Petzold, Liv Bente Romundstad, Viveca Söderström-Anttila, Christina Bergh
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2018)

Maternal factors, including increasing childbearing age and various life-style factors, are associated with poorer short- and long-term outcomes for children, whereas knowledge of paternal parameters is limited. Recently, increasing paternal age has been associated with adverse obstetric outcomes, birth defects, autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia in children. The aim of this systematic review is to describe the influence of paternal factors on adverse short- and long-term child outcomes. PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases up to January 2017 were searched. Paternal factors examined included paternal age and life-style factors such as body mass index (BMI), adiposity and cigarette smoking. The outcome variables assessed were short-term outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age (SGA), stillbirth, birth defects and chromosomal anomalies. Long-term outcome variables included mortality, cancers, psychiatric diseases/disorders and metabolic diseases. The systematic review follows PRISMA guidelines. Relevant meta-analyses were performed. The search included 14 371 articles out of which 238 met the inclusion criteria, and 81 were included in quantitative synthesis (meta-analyses). Paternal age and paternal life-style factors have an association with adverse outcome in offspring. This is particularly evident for psychiatric disorders such as autism, autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia, but an association is also found with stillbirth, any birth defects, orofacial clefts and trisomy 21. Paternal height, but not BMI, is associated with birth weight in offspring while paternal BMI is associated with BMI, weight and/or body fat in childhood. Paternal smoking is found to be associated with an increase in SGA, birth defects such as congenital heart defects, and orofacial clefts, cancers, brain tumours and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. These associations are significant although moderate in size, with most pooled estimates between 1.05 and 1.5, and none exceeding 2.0. Although the increased risks of adverse outcome in offspring associated with paternal factors and identified in this report represent serious health effects, the magnitude of these effects seems modest.
Francis Andrew Boddy
Authors: Philip McLoone, Alastair Leyland
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Francis Andrew Boddy, who has died in Glasgow aged 82, was an influential public health physician, researcher, and educator, who made an important contribution during a key period in the development of public health medicine. He was born in York to William Boddy, a school teacher, and his wife, Janet (nee Noble). In his final year as a pupil at Prince Henry’s Grammar School in Otley, he obtained a bursary to attend university. After qualifying, he served as an assistant lecturer in Edinburgh’s Department of Social Medicine and Public Health. From there in 1963 he joined the New York City Department of Health and Cornell University, as a research associate involved in health service research in East Harlem.

Andrew returned to Scotland with his wife, Adele (“Ada”; nee Wirszubska), whom he had met and married in …
Margaret McCartney: Clinical errors need a systemic response
Authors: Margaret McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Before I graduated we had a talk about professional responsibility. We were told that we shouldn’t need to worry about the General Medical Council (GMC). If you worked hard, weren’t lazy or drunk on duty, and didn’t have sex with your patients or embezzle funds, you had little to fear. You should just make sure that you paid your fees on time and gave the GMC an up-to-date address.

Back then, the unspoken message was clear: only truly bad doctors would come to the GMC’s attention. This seems much less clear since the High Court ruled that Hadiza …
Hepatitis C Virus E2 Envelope Glycoprotein Induces an Immunoregulatory Phenotype in Macrophages
Authors: Young‐Chan Kwon, Keith Meyer, Guangyong Peng, Soumya Chatterjee, Daniel F. Hoft, Ranjit Ray
Journal: Hepatology (2018)

A comprehensive strategy to control hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection needs a vaccine. Our phase I study with recombinant HCV E1/E2 envelope glycoprotein (EnvGPs) as a candidate vaccine did not induce a strong immune response in volunteers. We analyzed the interactions of HCV EnvGPs with human monocyte‐derived macrophages as antigen‐presenting cells. HCV E2 induced immune regulatory cytokine interleukin (IL)‐10 and soluble CD163 (sCD163) protein expression in macrophages from 7 of 9 blood donors tested. Furthermore, HCV E2 enhanced Stat3 and suppressed Stat1 activation, reflecting macrophage polarization toward M2 phenotype. E2‐associated macrophage polarization appeared to be dependent of its interaction with CD81 leading endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation. Additionally, E2 suppressed the expression of C3 complement, similar to HCV‐exposed dendritic cells (DCs), implying potential impairment of immune cell priming. Conclusion: Our results suggest that E2 EnvGP may not be an ideal candidate for HCV vaccine development, and discrete domains within E2 may prove to be more capable of elliciting a protective immune response. (H epatology 2018).
Wheat amylase-trypsin inhibitors exacerbate intestinal and airway allergic immune responses in humanized mice
Authors: Iris Bellinghausen, Benno Weigmann, Victor Zevallos, Joachim Maxeiner, Sonja Reißig, Ari Waisman, Detlef Schuppan, Joachim Saloga
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
GMC warnings should be scrapped, says MDU
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The General Medical Council should scrap the warnings it sends to doctors, the Medical Defence Union has said. The MDU said that receiving a warning, which is a low level GMC sanction, could negatively affect a doctor’s career because employers mistook them for something more serious.

Catherine Wills, deputy head of advisory services at the …
Experimental Device Could Offer Hope for Millions With Tinnitus
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
IMMEDIATE CHANGES IN ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS OF RIGHT HEART FUNCTION AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Tonusri Nag, Yogita Rochlani, Mohammed Hasan Khan, Pratik Mondal, George Jolly, Amanda Lloji, Tanya Dutta, Hasan Ahmad, Gilbert Hin-Lung Tang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Management of metastatic gastric and esophageal cancer in older adults.
Authors: Daniel Yokom, Akina Natori, Hao-Wen Sim, Bryan Anthony Chan, Stephanie Moignard, Peiran Sun, Charles Henry Lim, Di Maria Jiang, Lucy Xiaolu Ma, Gail Elizabeth Darling, Carol Jane Swallow, James D. Brierley, Rebecca Wong, Geoffrey Liu, Eric Xueyu Chen, Jennifer J. Knox, Shabbir M.H. Alibhai, Raymond Woo-Jun Jang, Elena Elimova
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

163 Background: Older adults are under-represented or excluded from pivotal trials of palliative chemotherapy for metastatic gastric and esophageal (GE) cancers. Little is known about how older patients are treated in the real world. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of age on treatment and survival. Methods: Patients aged ≥65 years were identified from a retrospective database of patients with metastatic GE cancer (Princess Margaret Cancer Centre; 2011-2016). The impact of age ≥75 years (old-old) versus (vs.) 65-74 years (young-old) on treatment and survival was assessed using multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazard regression models, respectively, adjusted for known prognostic factors including sex, comorbidity, primary site, histology, grade, stage at initial diagnosis, metastatic sites, and chemotherapy use. Results: Of 183 patients, median age was 72 (range 65-92) years; 31% were old-old. Old-old patients were less likely to be treated with any chemotherapy (12.3% vs. 45.2% young-old; adjusted odds ratio = 0.12 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.05-0.31)). With a median follow-up of 5.7 months, 135 (74%) had died during follow-up; median overall survival (OS) was 5.2 months (mo) for the old-old vs. 8.4 mo (young-old). There was no significant difference in survival between the two groups after adjustment for known prognostic factors (old-old vs. young-old: univariable hazard ratio (HR) 1.75 (95% CI 1.2-2.5); adjusted HR 1.1 (95% CI 0.7-1.7). Treatment with any chemotherapy was associated with an improvement in survival: adjusted HR 0.34 (95%CI 0.22-0.52). Conclusions: In this single-centre study of older adults with metastatic GE cancer, there was an overall low rate of treatment with chemotherapy; those ≥75 were rarely treated. After accounting for known prognostic factors, there was no observed difference in survival between patients ≥75 and those 65 to 74. Comprehensive geriatric assessment may improve treatment selection in the older population. [Table: see text]
Molecular Alterations and Buparlisib Efficacy in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Biomarker Analysis from BERIL-1
Authors: Denis Soulières, Lisa Licitra, Ricard Mesía, Éva Remenár, Shau-Hsuan Li, Andrey Karpenko, Marie Chol, Ying A. Wang, Nadia Solovieff, Laurence Bourdeau, Dalila Sellami, Sandrine Faivre
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Purpose: The preplanned exploratory analysis of the BERIL-1 trial presented here aimed to identify biomarkers of response to the combination of buparlisib and paclitaxel.Patients and Methods: BERIL-1 was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study. Patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) progressing on/after one previous platinum-based chemotherapy regimen in the recurrent or metastatic setting were treated with either buparlisib plus paclitaxel or placebo plus paclitaxel. Archival tumor tissue and ctDNA samples were analyzed for molecular alterations and immune infiltration using next-generation sequencing or immunohistochemistry.Results: Biomarker analyses were performed in randomized patients (n = 158) with available biomarker data. The most frequently (>5%) mutated genes were TP53, FAT1, TET2, KMT2D, PIK3CA, NOTCH1, NFE2L2, NOTCH2, CCND1, and CDKN2A Patients with SCCHN tumors (from various primary sites) having HPV-negative status (HR = 0.51), TP53 alterations (HR = 0.55) or low mutational load (HR = 0.57) derived overall survival (OS) benefit with the combination of buparlisib and paclitaxel. OS benefit with this combination was also increased in patients with presence of intratumoral TILs ≥10% (HR = 0.51), stromal TILs ≥15% (HR = 0.53), intratumoral CD8-positive cells ≥5% (HR = 0.45), stromal CD8-positive cells ≥10% (HR = 0.47), or CD8-positive cells in invasive margins >25% (HR = 0.37). A trend for improved progression-free survival with the combination of buparlisib and paclitaxel was also observed in these patients.Conclusions: The BERIL-1 biomarker analyses showed that patients with TP53 alterations, HPV-negative status, low mutational load, or high infiltration of TILs or CD8-positive cells derived survival benefit with the combination of buparlisib and paclitaxel. Clin Cancer Res; 24(11); 2505-16. ©2018 AACR.
Illusory movement perception improves motor control for prosthetic hands
Authors: Paul D. Marasco, Jacqueline S. Hebert, Jon W. Sensinger, Courtney E. Shell, Jonathon S. Schofield, Zachary C. Thumser, Raviraj Nataraj, Dylan T. Beckler, Michael R. Dawson, Dan H. Blustein, Satinder Gill, Brett D. Mensh, Rafael Granja-Vazquez, Madeline D. Newcomb, Jason P. Carey, Beth M. Orzell
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2018)

A perceptual illusion provides the sensation of complex bionic hand movements to human amputees, allowing real-time movement control without the necessity of vision.
Abstract 15668: Diffuse Interstitial Myocardial Fibrosis is Associated With Abnormal Left Atrial Mechanics in Hypertension
Authors: Julio A Chirinos, Amer Ahmed Syed, Zeba Hashmath, Timothy S Phan, Maheswara R Koppula, Uzma Kawan, Zoubair Ahmed, Ravikantha Chandamuri, Swapna Varakantam, Ejaz Shah, Ryan Gorz, Scott R Akers
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background:  Varying degrees of myocardial fibrosis may accompany LV remodeling associated with pressure overload. However, the correlates of diffuse myocardial fibrosis are poorly understood. Given the role of ECV on left ventricular diastolic compliance, we hypothesized that ECV is associated with abnormal atrial mechanics in hypertension.   Methods:  We studied 151 subjects with hypertension. ECV was measured with myocardial T1 mapping before and after the administration of gadolinium, in a mid-ventricular short axis plane. Longitudinal atrial mechanics were measured with SSFP MRI, from the 4-chamber and 2-chamber views, using tissue tracking (CVI42; Circle CV Imaging; Calgary, Canada).   Results:  In models that adjusted for demographics, body size, blood pressure, the presence of heart failure, diabetes and medication use, ECV was independently predictive of a poorer reservoir, conduit and booster pump function (Table).   Conclusions:  ECV is independently associated atrial dysfunction in hypertension. Diffuse myocardial fibrosis play a role in the development of atrial arrhythmias and/or HFpEF in hypertensive subjects.
Insm1 Induces Neural Progenitor Delamination in Developing Neocortex via Downregulation of the Adherens Junction Belt-Specific Protein Plekha7
Authors: Stefania Tavano, Elena Taverna, Nereo Kalebic, Christiane Haffner, Takashi Namba, Andreas Dahl, Michaela Wilsch-Bräuninger, Judith T.M.L. Paridaen, Wieland B. Huttner
Journal: Neuron (2018)
The SS18-SSX Oncoprotein Hijacks KDM2B-PRC1.1 to Drive Synovial Sarcoma
Authors: Ana Banito, Xiang Li, Aimée N. Laporte, Jae-Seok Roe, Francisco Sanchez-Vega, Chun-Hao Huang, Amanda R. Dancsok, Katerina Hatzi, Chi-Chao Chen, Darjus F. Tschaharganeh, Rohit Chandwani, Nilgun Tasdemir, Kevin B. Jones, Mario R. Capecchi, Christopher R. Vakoc, Nikolaus Schultz, Marc Ladanyi, Torsten O. Nielsen, Scott W. Lowe
Journal: Cancer Cell (2018)
I am in my preregistration house officer year but applying for senior house officer jobs. I want to do general practice in the long term but would also like to do more medicine first, and would quite like to travel abroad, for example, with Voluntary Services Overseas after a GP vocational training scheme. Any advice about whether a foundation year 2 post or a medical rotation would be better?
Authors: Fiona Jewkes
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Have a career or related problem that needs answering? Can9t find the right person to point you in the right direction? Log on to the Advice Zone for reliable medical careers advice. You can post a question or see if one of our 300 advisers has already answered a similar question. Here is a selection of questions and answers posted on the site. <b>www.bmjcareers.com/advicezone</b>
UK should stop relying on overseas doctors, says academy
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The United Kingdom should become “self sufficient” and end its dependence on international medical graduates, the chairman of the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges has said.

Addressing the BMA’s staff, associate specialist, and specialty (SAS) doctors’ conference, Terence Stephenson said he was “concerned” that the UK chose “to remain so dependent on doctors from overseas.”

“Not just from former Commonwealth countries but also from the European Union,” …
We recognise juniors’ contract concerns and want to talk, says NHS Employers
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

NHS Employers has said that it recognises that junior doctors have concerns over the proposed new contract and hopes to resolve the matters through negotiations.

Speaking at an NHS Employers Workforce Summit in London on Tuesday, Daniel Mortimer, chief executive of NHS Employers, said that he was hopeful that negotiations on the junior doctor …
Which tropical medicine diploma?
Authors: Christopher Lander, Andrew Young, Lisa McClenaghan, Katie Heseltine
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Do you want to work for international non-governmental organisations, be a travel medicine specialist, a public health advisor, or a tropical doctor in the field? Tropical medicine diplomas expand clinical horizons, develop specialist knowledge, and leave you with contacts throughout the world. 

This article looks at four courses. In the UK, London and Liverpool have world leading faculties and superb teaching with excellent alumni opportunities. Abroad, you will be immersed in tropical medicine and have access to bedside teaching and unique field trips. Peru is cheaper, with a focus on the clinical aspects of healthcare, while East Africa offers teaching from the London School’s acclaimed lecturers. …
Forced anal examinations to ascertain sexual orientation and sexual behavior: An abusive and medically unsound practice
Authors: Cody Cichowitz, Leonard Rubenstein, Chris Beyrer
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2018)

It has been reported that, in at least nine countries, forced anal examinations are used to investigate or punish alleged same-sex behavior between consenting men or transgender women.• In these settings, forced anal examinations are usually performed by healthcare providers at the request of law enforcement officials, and are procedures entirely distinct from those used legitimately in clinical care.• Forced anal examinations are intended to cause physical and/or emotional pain and offer no potential benefits to the targeted individual, violating key principles of medical ethics and human rights.Such examinations constitute acts of torture under the United Nations Convention against Torture.• Due to the possibility of coercion, individual physicians may face challenges resisting requests to perform such procedures, although they are abusive, medically unindicated, and yield no helpful information.Professional societies and organizations may be best positioned to oppose states' attempts to use a medical procedure to oppress a vulnerable population.• Healthcare providers, professional organizations, and normative agencies, including the World Health Organization, all have an important role to play in bringing about an end to this practice.In October of 2016, the Tanzanian government forced the closure of internationally supported HIV testing and treatment centers designed to serve key populations, including sex workers and men who have sex with men (MSM) [1].This controversial decision and the larger ongoing government crackdown on lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) communities in Tanzania have garnered the attention of public health officials and international journalists, who have expressed concerns about their health ramifications and associated human rights violations [2][3][4].It has been reported that Tanzanian physicians, under the direction of law enforcement, have subjected men accused of same-sex behavior to forced anal examination in
Efficacy of treatment beyond third-line (3L) in metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC).
Authors: Annalisa Guida, Gwénaël Le Teuff, Carolina Alveosta Silva, Emeline Colomba Blameble, Flore Salviat, Giulia Baciarello, Lisa Derosa, Yohann Loriot, Karim Fizazi, Mario Di Palma, Christophe Massard, Bernard Escudier, Laurence Albiges
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

647 Background: During the last decade, 10 agents have been approved for the treatment of patients (pts) with mccRCC, and guidelines have been developed up to 3L. The aim of the study is to describe the potential benefit of therapies beyond 3L in clinical practice Methods: Retrospective data analysis was performed using IGRECC (Institut Gustave Roussy REnal Cell Carcinoma) database to describe clinical features and outcomes beyond 3L in mccRCC. Kaplan Meier estimation was applied for progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) Results: Between 2005 and 2016, 825 (80%) pts had mccRCC and were treated with targeted therapies, of which 517 (63%) had 2L, 271 (33%) had 3L, 145 (18%) had 4L and 75 (9%) had 5L of therapy. Baseline characteristics and treatments are displayed in Table 1. With a median follow-up of 29 months (mo) (min: 20 max: 51), for patients receiving 4L, the median PFS is 5 mo (95%CI 4 – 6) and the median OS is 15.5 mo (95%CI 12 – 21). Pts with International Metastatic Renal Cell Cancer Database Consortium (IMDC) score favourable (18%), intermediate (59%), and poor risk (23%) at 4L initiation had a median OS of 24 mo (95%CI 11 – NR), 16 mo (95%CI 12.6 – 24), and 8 mo (95%CI 6 – 15), respectively (p &lt; 0.0036). Partial response (PR) and stable disease (SD) were achieved in 13% and 56% of 122 evaluable pts. With a median follow-up of 16 mo (min: 13 max: 37) in 5L, the median PFS is 4.5 mo (95%CI 3 – 6) and the median OS is 19.5 mo (95%CI 11 - 28). Pts with a poor IMDC score risk at 5L initiation (33%) had a median OS of 7 mo (95%CI 3 – 10) (p &lt; 0.0001). PR and SD were achieved in 16% and 52% of 55 evaluable pts in 5L Conclusions: The approved agents remain active as 4L or 5L options for mccRCC in pts who can reach this situation. Interestingly, both PFS and OS appear to be very similar in 4L and 5L as compared to 3L. Therefore, we believe that selected pts may derive benefit from these treatments beyond the barriers of regulatory or reimbursement approval [Table: see text]