tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Five medical schools are created in England in bid to increase home grown doctors
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Five new medical schools have been created under government plans to increase medical student numbers in England.

In 2016 England’s health and social care secretary, Jeremy Hunt, announced a 25% expansion in medical student places in a bid to expand the number of home grown doctors rather than recruiting from overseas.1 He said that as …
Fewer women choose careers in academic medicine, researchers find
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Fewer women than men choose careers in academic medicine, and junior doctors’ interest in the area is waning, researchers have found. The findings came after a report published last month, which showed that a lack of women in academic medicine has led to some areas of medicine not being properly studied.1

The team behind the new study also found that doctors of Asian ethnicity and doctors who had studied for an intercalated degree were more likely than others to pursue an academic career.2

Researchers from the University of Oxford surveyed three cohorts of medical graduates—from …
Early occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with and without cirrhosis after HCV treatment with direct-acting antivirals.
Authors: Fabian Finkelmeier, Georg Dultz, Bernd Kronenberger, Kai Henrik Peiffer, Franziska Krauss, Stefan Zeuzem, Christoph Sarrazin, Johannes Vermehren, Oliver Waidmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

356 Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk of HCC development after treatment with direct-acting antivirals (DAA) and to compare hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence to patients treated with interferon (IFN)-based therapies. Methods: We analyzed a large cohort with chronic HCV patients for the onset of new hepatocellular carcinoma after DAA treatment. A historic interferon treated cohort was investigated for comparison. Results: 819 patients were included in the DAA group, 269 (32.8%) had established cirrhosis. Median follow up was 263 days (0-1001). 25 patients (3.1%) were diagnosed with de novo HCC within the observation time. All of these patients had established cirrhosis. Patients with new HCC were mostly male, older, treatment experienced, had a lower SVR12 rate and higher levels of liver inflammation markers. Investigation of the subcohort of 269 cirrhotic patients yielded a HCC rate of 9.3% during the follow-up of approximately one year. Non-SVR12 was an independent risk factor for de novo HCC (OR 4.983, 1.39-17.88, 0.014). Most HCCs were diagnosed in early stage BCLC A. In the historical cohort of 351 IFN treated patients the rate of de novo HCC was 5.4% overall and 11.8% in patients with already established cirrhosis (n = 68). In the multivariate analysis failed SVR (OR 5.386, 1.155-25.108, p = 0.032) remained an independent risk factor for de novo HCC. In a combined analysis of all patients (DAA and IFN treated) in a multivariate approach male gender, failed SVR and cirrhosis were independent factors for HCC development. Conclusions: DAA treatment in cirrhotic patients does not seem to reduce the risk of HCC development in the short term. HCC rates were not different between DAA-treated patients and those who received interferon. Achievement of SVR seems to be the most important aim to prevent HCC development.
Neither higher workload nor spending too long on tasks to blame for “August effect,” study finds
Authors: Caroline White
Journal: BMJ (2013)

The so-called “August effect,” associated with the intake of newly qualified and transitioning junior doctors across the NHS on the same day, is not driven by their working more slowly or coping with a heavier workload, a study has found.1

Rather, the UK authors said, poor prioritisation, failure to recognise deteriorating health, and mistakes may account for the increase in deaths and ill health attributed to the changeover in August.

The researchers, writing in JRSM Short Reports , produced by the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine , concluded that improved training and better quality control were needed.

They based their findings on data drawn from a wireless out of hours system for processing the number and type of tasks requested by nurses …
Sprouty2 enhances the tumorigenic potential of glioblastoma cells
Authors: Jong-Whi Park, Guido Wollmann, Carles Urbiola, Barbara Fogli, Tullio Florio, Stephan Geley, Lars Klimaschewski
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

Sprouty2 (SPRY2), a feedback regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, has been shown to be associated with drug resistance and cell proliferation in glioblastoma (GBM), but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly defined.SPRY2 expression and survival patterns of patients with gliomas were analyzed using publicly available databases. Effects of RNA interference targeting SPRY2 on cellular proliferation in established GBM or patient-derived GBM stemlike cells were examined. Loss- or gain-of-function of SPRY2 to regulate the tumorigenic capacity was assessed in both intracranial and subcutaneous xenografts.SPRY2 was found to be upregulated in GBM, which correlated with reduced survival in GBM patients. SPRY2 knockdown significantly impaired proliferation of GBM cells but not of normal astrocytes. Silencing of SPRY2 increased epidermal growth factor-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt activation causing premature onset of DNA replication, increased DNA damage, and impaired proliferation, suggesting that SPRY2 suppresses DNA replication stress. Abrogating SPRY2 function strongly inhibited intracranial tumor growth and led to significantly prolonged survival of U87 xenograft-bearing mice. In contrast, SPRY2 overexpression promoted tumor propagation of low-tumorigenic U251 cells.The present study highlights an antitumoral effect of SPRY2 inhibition that is based on excessive activation of ERK signaling and DNA damage response, resulting in reduced cell proliferation and increased cytotoxicity, proposing SPRY2 as a promising pharmacological target in GBM patients.
Association of Biopsy Procedures During Follow-up for Breast Cancer With Surgical Decision Making in Patients
Authors: Cheng-Har Yip
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Molecular Imaging of Apoptosis in Ischemia Reperfusion Injury With Radiolabeled Duramycin Targeting Phosphatidylethanolamine
Authors: Hideki Kawai, Farhan Chaudhry, Aditya Shekhar, Artiom Petrov, Takehiro Nakahara, Takashi Tanimoto, Dongbin Kim, Jiqiu Chen, Djamel Lebeche, Francis G. Blankenberg, Koon Y. Pak, Frank D. Kolodgie, Renu Virmani, Partho Sengupta, Navneet Narula, Roger J. Hajjar, Harry W. Strauss, Jagat Narula
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2018)
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC SURVEILLANCE AFTER CATHETER MEDIATED SECUNDUM ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT REPAIR IS MORE INTENSE THAN AFTER SURGICAL REPAIR
Authors: Vijay Menon, Christopher Curzon, Jeffrey Delaney, Mary Craft, Collin Erickson, David Danford, Shelby Kutty
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Nav1.1-Overexpressing Interneuron Transplants Restore Brain Rhythms and Cognition in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Magdalena Martinez-Losa, Tara E. Tracy, Keran Ma, Laure Verret, Alexandra Clemente-Perez, Abdullah S. Khan, Inma Cobos, Kaitlyn Ho, Li Gan, Lennart Mucke, Manuel Alvarez-Dolado, Jorge J. Palop
Journal: Neuron (2018)
Recombinant humanized anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (JS001) as salvage treatment for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Preliminary results of an open-label, multi-cohort, phase Ib/II clinical study.
Authors: Rui-hua Xu, Fenghua Wang, Jianhua Shi, Ji Feng Feng, Lin Shen, Shujun Yang, Xi-Chun Hu, Guanghai Dai, Nong Xu, Yi Jiang, Shu Yongqian, Qingyuan Zhang, Ye Chen, Xianglin Yuan, Xiaoyan Lin, Yi Ba, Qi Li, Wei Li, Haixin Huang, Sheng Yao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

116 Background: Patients with Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (EC) often present with advanced and metastatic stage disease, which has poor prognosis and limited treatment options, and represent an important unmet medical need especially in China/Asia. JS001, a humanized recombinant IgG4 antibody against PD-1, selectively blocks the interactions of PD-1 with its ligands PD-L1 and PD-L2, and promotes antigen specific T-cell activation. A phase I study of JS001 in Chinese patients with heavily pretreated solid tumors has demonstrated an acceptable safety profile in doses up to 10 mg/kg Q2W. Here we report the safety and efficacy of JS001 in a phase Ib/II clinical study in Chinese patients with refractory/metastatic EC. (Clinical trial ID: NCT02915432) Methods: Refractory/metastatic EC Patients receive JS001 3 mg/kg Q2W until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. All patients with measurable disease will be assessed for clinical response every 8 weeks according to the RECIST 1.1 criteria. Tumor PD-L1 expression as well as additional potential predictive biomarkers are monitored for correlation with clinical response. Results: Between Apr 19 2017 and Sep 11 2017, 56 EC pts (84.9% received at least 2 Lines of treatment) were enrolled into the study. Treatment related adverse events occurred were mostly grade 1 or 2. As of Sep 11 2017, 34 EC pts have been evaluated for clinical efficacy. Among these pts, 8 PR (partial response) and 14 SD (stable disease) were observed (ORR 23.5% and DCR 64.7%). The PD-L1 expression positivity (defined as positive staining ³1% on Tumor Cell [TC] or on Immune Cell [IC] by SP142) in EC tumor tissue was 21.4% (12/56). 2/10 (20%) PD-L1+ patients and 6/24 (25%) PD-L1 negative patients achieved partial responses. Conclusions: JS001 showed a promising preliminary clinical activity in heavily pre-treated metastatic EC pts with a manageable safety profile. Clinical response was not correlated with PD-L1 expression. Pts will be continuously monitored for safety and efficacy upon JS001 treatment. Clinical trial information: NCT02915432.
Evaluation of a data-informed community engagement strategy to increase immunisation coverage in northern Uganda: a cluster-randomised controlled trial with an embedded process evaluation
Authors: Jane Bruce, Tracey Chantler, Edward Kumakech, Ashiraf Mawanda, Comfort Olorunsaiye, Laura Schmucker, Lilian Kiapi, Justine Landegger, Jayne Webster
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2018)

BackgroundThe 2016 Ugandan Demographic and Health Survey indicated that only 86% of children (aged 12–23 months) in northern Uganda had received the third dose of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine (DTP3) and only 65% were fully immunised. To help close this gap, the International Rescue Committee developed a data-informed community engagement intervention, the Fifth Child Project, informed by a theory of change and including: (1) an mhealth tool used by health-facility-based staff and defaulter tracing forms used by community health workers aimed at improving data accuracy, (2) training of health workers in interpersonal skills, and (3) involvement of community leaders in planning vaccine outreaches. To test the impact of this intervention and examine its underlying hypothesis that a data-informed community engagement strategy will increase immunisation coverage, we conducted a cluster-randomised controlled trial with an embedded process evaluation.MethodsAt baseline, a household two-stage cluster survey was conducted in 32 clusters (16 intervention and 16 control health facility catchment areas) from mid-June to mid-July, 2016. The survey collected information on vaccinations, caregivers' interactions with community-based and facility-based health workers, and reasons for non-vaccination of eligible children. The primary outcome was DPT3 and measles coverage in children aged 9–23 months. Process evaluation activities included: quarterly monitoring reports, interviews, focus group discussions, and observations conducted in four intervention and two control clusters (March–April, 2017). The endline survey was conducted from Sept 19, 2017, to Oct 2, 2017.FindingsThe sample included 916 households (935 children aged 9–23 months) in the intervention clusters and 881 households (897 children aged 9–23 months) in control clusters. Baseline estimates of immunisation coverage were similar for intervention and control arms. Both arms combined baseline coverage of DTP3 and measles vaccines using information from child immunisation cards, and caregiver recall was 78·3% (95% CI 76·0–81·5) and 64·6% (95% CI 60·9–67·3%), respectively. About 19% of children who received DTP1 had not received the measles vaccine in the intervention arm, compared with 21% of children in the control arm at baseline. The major barriers to complete immunisation included caregivers' lack of awareness of immunisation schedule and vaccine stock-outs.InterpretationEndline and process evaluation findings will be available in March 2018 and will provide a more complete assessment of the impact of the Fifth Child Project.FundingInternational initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie).
WORK-LIFE BALANCE IN CARDIOLOGY FELLOWSHIP: FACTS AND MYTHS - SURVEY OF FELLOWS AT MAYO CLINIC
Authors: Hemalatha Narayanasamy, Kyle Klarich, Keith Oken, Sharonne Hayes, Farouk Mookadam, Leah Chasm-Velasco, Susan Wilansky
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
ENDOCARDITIS AND ACUTE CELLULAR REJECTION IN A HEART TRANSPLANT
Authors: Estefania Oliveros, Sunil Pauwaa, Gregory Macaluso, Ambar Andrade, Tisha Suboc, Patroklos Pappas, Antone Tatooles, Geetha Bhat, William Cotts
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Effect of STING agonist on tumor immune microenvironment of non-inflamed lung cancer and efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade.
Authors: Hongjae Chon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

178 Background: Cancer immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints are now emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy in various tumors. However, the treatment of T cell non-inflamed tumor which lacks intratumoral T cell infiltrates are still major clinical hurdle. Therefore, drugs that target signaling pathways to increase T cell infiltration in non-inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME) should be investigated. In this study, we aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of STING agonist in murine model of non-small cell lung cancer to overcome immunotherapy resistance. Methods: C57BL/6 mice, which are 6 to 8 weeks of age, were used for the experiment. Mice were injected with Lewis lung carcinoma cells on the right flank. STING agonist (cGAMP) was injected intratumorally. CD8+ and CD31+ cells were detected using immunofluorescence (IF) staining. Gene expressions of tumor microenvironment were analyzed by NanoString RNA sequencing. Flow cytometry (FACS) was performed to detect CD8+, CD4+, Treg and myeloid cell population. Tumor growths were evaluated in combination with anti-PD1 and STING agonist treatment. Results: Local injection of STING agonist effectively delayed tumor growth of LLC. STING agonist increased intratumoral CD8+ T cells and vascular disruption. Expressions of inhibitory checkpoint molecules (PD-1, PD-L1), cytokines (IFN), CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were increased, which showed that anti-cancer immune responses were augmented. Combination treatment of anti-PD-1 antibody and STING agonist synergistically decreased tumor growth. Conclusions: In this study, STING agonist was shown to delay tumor growth and remodel tumor microenvironment in non-inflamed lung carcinoma model. Combination therapy of STING agonist and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) targeting PD-1 synergistically suppressed the growth of lung cancer which is resistant to ICI monotherapy. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that localized STING therapy effectively sensitizes non-inflamed lung cancer to systemic ICI treatment and induces a maximal anti-cancer immune response.
GENOYTYPE-PHENOTYPE ASSOCIATION AND IMPACT ON OUTCOMES FOLLOWING GUIDED DE-ESCALATION OF ANTIPLATELET THERAPY IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME PATIENTS
Authors: Tobias Geisler, Lisa Gross, Fabian Stimpfle, Anne Krieg, Martin Hadamitzky, Meinrad Gawaz, Steffen Massberg, Daniel Aradi, Claudius Jacobshagen, Dietmar Trenk, Dirk Sibbing
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Unusually Elevated Gastric Radioactivity on 18F-FDG PET/CT in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Hongyan Yin, Guobing Liu, Yan Xiu, Rongkui Luo, Hongcheng Shi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

A 41-year-old woman presented with abdominal distention, inappetence, and rapid emaciation for 1 month. Diffuse bulky gastric wall thickening with lymph nodes enlargement and peritoneal nodules were revealed using abdominal CT. Staging F-FDG PET/CT performed after admission demonstrated intensely diffuse FDG uptake in stomach, FDG-avid lymph nodes, and peritoneal nodular lesions. Postoperatively, these lesions were diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
Cell-Free Plasma DNA-Guided Treatment With Osimertinib in Patients With Advanced EGFR-Mutated NSCLC
Authors: Anna Buder, Maximilian J. Hochmair, Sophia Schwab, Tatjana Bundalo, Peter Schenk, Peter Errhalt, Romana E. Mikes, Gudrun Absenger, Kurt Patocka, Bernhard Baumgartner, Ulrike Setinek, Otto C. Burghuber, Helmut Prosch, Robert Pirker, Martin Filipits
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2018)
UTILIZATION OF DOBUTAMINE STRESS STUDIES IN PATIENTS WITH SYMPTOMATIC, SEVERE LOW-FLOW/LOW-GRADIENT AORTIC STENOSIS UNDERGOING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Mohsin Chowdhury, Maria Trejo, Bernardo Lombo, John Forrest, Ben Lin, Lissa Sugeng
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Academic doctors overestimate their leadership skills, researchers find
Authors: Matthew Limb
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Medical academics overestimate their leadership skills, according to new research which says that they may need more formal leadership education.

A study found that self perception of leadership behaviour was “overinflated” while there were no significant links between particular leadership styles and healthcare research performance.

Corresponding author Vanash Patel said, “We were aiming to link performance and leadership but I think there were probably other factors that contributed to academic performance—more contextual factors—that we couldn’t measure.”

The research, published in the Postgraduate Medical Journal , involved 90 faculty …
Comparison of enzalutamide and bicalutamide in patients with non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: Number needed to treat to achieve one additional patient free of clinical progression events.
Authors: Lawrence Ivan Karsh, David F. Penson, Raoul Concepcion, Scott Flanders, Bruce A. Brown, Hongbo Yang, Krishnan Ramaswamy, Neil M. Schultz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

228 Background: Androgen receptor inhibitors enzalutamide (ENZA) and bicalutamide (BIC) are used to treat metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The Phase 2 STRIVE trial included 35% non-metastatic (m0) and 65% metastatic CRPC patients (pts); ENZA reduced the risk of progression or death among pts, with an adverse event profile consistent with previous trials. The objective of this analysis was to compare ENZA with BIC using the number needed to treat (NNT) to achieve one additional pt with m0CRPC, with either a progression-free survival (PFS) event, radiographic PFS (rPFS), or free of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression at 1 year and 2 years. Methods: The 1- and 2-year event rates of PFS, rPFS, and progression-free PSA among pts treated with ENZA and BIC were obtained from the STRIVE trial report. The NNT was calculated as the reciprocal of the absolute risk reduction between ENZA and BIC at each time point. This represents the number of pts that need to be treated with ENZA, compared with BIC, to obtain one additional pt free of a clinical progression event. PFS was defined as the time from randomization to investigator-assessed radiographic (bone or soft tissue) progression, PSA progression, or death. The 95% confidence interval (CI) of the NNT was derived based on the 95% CI of the event rate difference. Results: The NNT to achieve one additional pt with PFS at 1 year, comparing ENZA with BIC, was 2.2 (95% CI 1.7, 3.4), suggesting that treating three pts with ENZA instead of BIC would result in one additional pt free of progression or death at the end of 1 year. The NNT to achieve one additional pt with PFS at 2 years was also 2.2 (95% CI 1.5, 3.7). For rPFS, the NNTs comparing ENZA with BIC were 4.7 (95% CI 2.8, 14.6) and 3.0 (95% CI 2.0, 6.1) at 1 and 2 years, respectively. For progression-free PSA, the NNTs were 2.0 (95% CI 1.5, 2.8) and 2.0 (95% CI 1.4, 3.3) at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Conclusions: This analysis supports the superior clinical benefit of ENZA versus BIC in men with m0CRPC. Pts treated with ENZA showed low NNT values across all clinical outcomes and time points. Clinical trial information: NCT01664923.
Lenalidomide as an Alternative to Thalidomide for Treatment of Recurrent Erythema Multiforme
Authors: Faustine Drahy, Saskia Ingen-Housz-Oro, Sabine Grootenboer-Mignot, Pierre Wolkenstein, Olivier Chosidow
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal