tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Endemic Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the United States
Authors: Bridget E. McIlwee, Stephen E. Weis, Gregory A. Hosler
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2018)

Leishmaniasis is recognized as an endemic human disease in Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and South America. Yet despite case reports of endemic human leishmaniasis in the United States, and well-documented occurrences of disease in various animal vectors and reservoirs, the endemicity of leishmaniasis in North America has not yet been established. Moreover, leishmaniasis is not a federally reportable disease in the United States. Clinical awareness of endemic disease therefore remains low, with North American physicians considering leishmaniasis a tropical disease.To assess the endemicity of human leishmaniasis in the United States.This cross-sectional multicenter observational study reviewed cases of human leishmaniasis occurring in the United States from 2007 through 2017. Previously diagnosed, deidentified cases of leishmaniasis were reported by the institutions of the authors and acknowledged contributors, as well as the Texas Department of State Health Services. Cases of leishmaniasis were identified by searching by disease name (leishmaniasis) or International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th Revisions diagnosis codes in the respective laboratory information systems.Via examination of deidentified demographics, cases of leishmaniasis were classified as one of the following: (1) documentation of no history of travel outside of the United States within 10 years; (2) positive history of travel outside of the United States within 10 years; or (3) unknown or no documentation of travel history.Cases of leishmaniasis were considered endemic if identified in patients with documentation of no travel history outside of the United States within 10 years.Of the 69 novel cases of human cutaneous leishmaniasis identified in this study, 41 (59%) were endemic; the median age at diagnosis was 61 years (range, 3-89 years), and 28 (68%) of the endemic cases occurred in female patients. Twenty-two (32%) cases had documentation of Leishmania speciation performed by polymerase chain reaction, and in 100% of these cases the infectious organism was identified as Leishmania mexicana.Human cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in the United States, and, at least regionally, is acquired endemically more frequently than it is via travel. Our data argue in favor of making leishmaniasis a federally reportable disease and may have substantial implications on North American public health initiatives, with climate models predicting the number of citizens exposed to leishmaniasis will double by 2080.
Caspase-8 Collaborates with Caspase-11 to Drive Tissue Damage and Execution of Endotoxic Shock
Authors: Pratyusha Mandal, Yanjun Feng, John D. Lyons, Scott B. Berger, Shunsuke Otani, Alexandra DeLaney, Gregory K. Tharp, Kristal Maner-Smith, Eileen M. Burd, Michelle Schaeffer, Sandra Hoffman, Carol Capriotti, Linda Roback, Cedrick B. Young, Zhe Liang, Eric A. Ortlund, Nelson C. DiPaolo, Steven Bosinger, John Bertin, Peter J. Gough, Igor E. Brodsky, Craig M. Coopersmith, Dmitry M. Shayakhmetov, Edward S. Mocarski
Journal: Immunity (2018)
Recent Advances in Tracking the Transplanted Stem Cells Using Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Nanoprobes: Turning from the First to the Second Near‐Infrared Window
Authors: Guangcun Chen, Yejun Zhang, Chunyan Li, Dehua Huang, Qianwu Wang, Qiangbin Wang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2018)

Abstract Stem cell‐based regenerative medicine has attracted tremendous attention for its great potential to treat numerous incurable diseases. Tracking and understanding the fate and regenerative capabilities of transplanted stem cells is vital for improving the safety and therapeutic efficacy of stem cell‐based therapy, therefore accelerating the clinical application of stem cells. Fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used for in vivo tracking of the transplanted stem cells. Among these fluorescent NPs, near‐infrared (NIR) NPs have greatly improved the sensitivity, tissue penetration depth, spatial and temporal resolutions of the fluorescence imaging‐based stem cell tracking technologies due to the reduced absorption, scattering, and autofluorescence of NIR fluorescence in tissues. Here, this review summarizes the recent studies regarding the tracking of transplanted stem cells using NIR NPs and emphasizes the recent advances of fluorescence imaging in the second NIR window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm). Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects of the NIR NP‐based technologies are also discussed.
Exploring the OncoGenomic Landscape of cancer
Authors: Lidia Mateo, Oriol Guitart-Pla, Miquel Duran-Frigola, Patrick Aloy
Journal: Genome Medicine (2018)

The widespread incorporation of next-generation sequencing into clinical oncology has yielded an unprecedented amount of molecular data from thousands of patients. A main current challenge is to find out reliable ways to extrapolate results from one group of patients to another and to bring rationale to individual cases in the light of what is known from the cohorts. We present OncoGenomic Landscapes, a framework to analyze and display thousands of cancer genomic profiles in a 2D space. Our tool allows users to rapidly assess the heterogeneity of large cohorts, enabling the comparison to other groups of patients, and using driver genes as landmarks to aid in the interpretation of the landscapes. In our web-server, we also offer the possibility of mapping new samples and cohorts onto 22 predefined landscapes related to cancer cell line panels, organoids, patient-derived xenografts, and clinical tumor samples. Contextualizing individual subjects in a more general landscape of human cancer is a valuable aid for basic researchers and clinical oncologists trying to identify treatment opportunities, maybe yet unapproved, for patients that ran out of standard therapeutic options. The web-server can be accessed at https://oglandscapes.irbbarcelona.org /.
Hypothesis for the Initiation of Vasomotion
Authors: HongliPeng, VladimirMatchkov, AndersIvarsen, ChristianAalkjær, HolgerNilsson
Journal: Circulation Research (2001)

Abstract—Vasomotion is the regular variation in tone of arteries. In our study, we suggest a model for the initiation of vasomotion. We suggest that intermittent release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR, cytosolic oscillator), which is initially unsynchronized between the vascular smooth muscle cells, becomes synchronized to initiate vasomotion. The synchronization is achieved by an ion current over the cell membrane, which is activated by the oscillating Ca2+ release. This current results in an oscillating membrane potential, which synchronizes the SR in the vessel wall and starts vasomotion. Therefore, the pacemaker of the vascular wall can be envisaged as a diffuse array of individual cytosolic oscillators that become entrained by a reciprocal interaction with the cell membrane. The model is supported by experimental data. Confocal [Ca2+]i imaging and isometric force development in isolated rat resistance arteries showed that low norepinephrine concentrations induced SR-dependent unsynchroni...
Meta-Analysis of 89 Structural MRI Studies in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Comparison With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Konstantinos Bromis, Maria Calem, Antje A.T.S. Reinders, Steven C.R. Williams, Matthew J. Kempton
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2018)

The authors conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of MRI region-of-interest and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Because patients have high rates of comorbid depression, an additional objective was to compare the findings to a meta-analysis of MRI studies in depression.
Incremental Prognostic Value of Myocardial Blood Flow Quantified With Stress Dynamic Computed Tomography Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Satoshi Nakamura, Kakuya Kitagawa, Yoshitaka Goto, Taku Omori, Tairo Kurita, Akimasa Yamada, Masafumi Takafuji, Mio Uno, Kaoru Dohi, Hajime Sakuma
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2018)
Uniparental disomy as a mechanism for <i> <scp>CERS</scp> 3 </i> ‐mutated autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis
Authors: S. Polubothu, M. Glover, S.E. Holder, V.A. Kinsler
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

DEAR EDITOR, An 8-year-old girl was under the care of dermatology with congenital ichthyosis.Her past history was of fullterm birth as a collodion baby, the first child of unrelated healthy parents.In the neonatal period she developed generalized ichthyosiform erythroderma.Poor feeding, hypotonia and mild dysmorphic features led to a clinical diagnosis of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) in infancy.Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction analysis at the SNRPN locus on chromosome 15q revealed absence of the paternal allele, confirming this diagnosis.Possible causes are a deletion of the paternal allele or maternal uniparental disomy (UPD); 1,2 however, microsatellite analysis confirmed that this was secondary to UPD, specifically maternal isodisomy of chromosome 15.Subsequently, and compatible with PWS, she had growth failure requiring growth hormone therapy, mild developmental delay and scoliosis.
Genome doubling shapes the evolution and prognosis of advanced cancers
Authors: Craig M. Bielski, Ahmet Zehir, Alexander V. Penson, Mark T. A. Donoghue, Walid Chatila, Joshua Armenia, Matthew T. Chang, Alison M. Schram, Philip Jonsson, Chaitanya Bandlamudi, Pedram Razavi, Gopa Iyer, Mark E. Robson, Zsofia K. Stadler, Nikolaus Schultz, Jose Baselga, David B. Solit, David M. Hyman, Michael F. Berger, Barry S. Taylor
Journal: Nature Genetics (2018)
Role of lapatinib in metastatic carcinoma breast.
Authors: Manoj Kumar Behera, Pramod Kumar Julka, Goura Kishore Rath
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e11082 Background: Metastatic breast cancer (MBC)is the leading cause of cancer death among women. Lapatinib is a small-molecule TKI that constitutes an alternative in HER2 intracellular signaling pathway blockade, with no cross resistance with Trastuzumab. The combination of Lapatinib and Capecitabine in women with HER2+ advanced breast cancer that progressed following treatment with anthracycline, taxanes and trastuzumab is superior to single agent therapy with Capecitabine. Methods: In this study conducted from March 2010 to June 2011, a total of 30 patients with progressive HER2+ MBC following therapy with at least anthracycline, taxanes and Trastuzumab and then receiving Capecitabine@2gm/m 2 /day for D1-14, 3 weekly with Lapatinib@1250mgm/day, daily were analyzed. Palliative RT of 8Gy/1# was delivered to the involved bones, and WBRT of 30Gy/10#/2 weeks was delivered to the patients with brain metastasis before starting this combination oral chemotherapy. Results: The median age at primary diagnosis was 45 years. 18 patients were ER and/or PR +. Most common site of metastasis was bone (50%) and brain (23%). 30% of patients had multiple sites of metastasis. All the patients of stage III-IV had received NACT for 3 cycles at least. 80% patients had received adjuvant chemotherapy according to the aggressiveness of the disease before/after loco regional RT. 68% patients also received adjuvant Trastuzumab. With a median follow up of 4 months of treatment with Lapatinib with Capeciatbine, the overall response rate achieved was 75% with only 3 patients of solitary lung and liver metastasis showed CR. 40% patients had PR and 33% had stable disease and rest of the patients progressed. Bony symptoms were better controlled with palliative RT and it was seen that pain control was much better in those patients who received this combination. The TTP ranged from 2 to 6 months. All the patients tolerated well except 4 patients who presented with Gr III diarrhea, responded with Capeciatbine dose reduction by 20%. Conclusions: It is evident from this study that this combination regimen of Lapatinib and Capecitabine is effective and well tolerated in patients of HER2 + MBC. Further larger studies are required to confirm the significance of this regimen in our set up.
Novel method to stratify elderly patients with head and neck cancer.
Authors: Ruben Carmona, Garrett Barnard Green, Kaveh Zakeri, Sachin Gulaya, Beibei Xu, Rohan Verma, Casey Williamson, Brent Shane Rose, James Don Murphy, Florin Vaida, Loren K. Mell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

9534 Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients are at high risk of death due to competing events. We hypothesized that a competing event (CE) modeling approach (ref: PMID 24969798), which is used to optimize patients according to the risk of cancer death relative to competing events, would improve stratification of the elderly HNC population compared to standard methods. Methods: Using SEER-Medicare data, we identified 9,677 patients with advanced stage HNC, who were treated with radiotherapy (RT) ± surgery and chemotherapy, split into 60% training and 40% test sets. Using patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics, we trained a risk score based on the CE approach versus standard Cox proportional hazards models for HNC-specific mortality and all-cause mortality (ACM). Using the test set, we compared how well the CE risk score stratified patients according to the ratio (ω) of the cause-specific hazard for HNC mortality to the hazard for ACM, using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). We tested the predictive ability for the cause-specific events, using the area under the curve (AUC). Results: Using the CE model, an increasing risk score was associated with increased HNC mortality (HR 2.16, P< .001) and second cancer mortality (HR 1.39, P< .001), but decreased non-cancer mortality (HR 0.62, P< .001). Both increasing HNC-specific and ACM risk scores were associated with increased risk of HNC mortality, second cancer mortality and non-cancer mortality. The AIC was superior for the CE model (50.1), relative to the HNC-specific (54.6) and ACM (53.8) models. The difference between the predictive ability for cause-specific events was also greater for the CE model (AUC: HNC mortality = 0.64 vs. non-cancer mortality = 0.47, P< .001) than the HNC-specific Cox model (AUC: HNC mortality = 0.72 vs. non-cancer mortality = 0.64, P< .001) and the ACM Cox model (AUC: HNC mortality = 0.72 vs. non-cancer mortality = 0.69, P> .05) Conclusions: Compared to standard methods, CE models more efficiently stratify elderly HNC patients according to likelihood to benefit from therapy. This method could improve the efficiency of clinical trials and help personalize therapeutic decisions.
18F-FDG PET/CT in an Atypical Case of Relapsed IgG4-Related Disease Presenting as Inflammatory Pseudotumor in Gall Bladder Fossa With Extensive Disease Involvement
Authors: Shelvin Kumar Vadi, Rajender Kumar, Bhagwant Rai Mittal, Ashwin Singh Parihar, Harmandeep Singh, Shashank Singh, Surinder Rana
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) with multisystem involvement is known to mimic various malignancies and can be diagnosed with high clinical suspicion. We hereby report an atypical case of IgG4-RD, who presented as an inflammatory pseudotumor resembling gall bladder malignancy with hepatic, omental, and subcutaneous involvement. The characteristic tracer uptake pattern described on FDG PET/CT may not be always present in IgG4-RD, especially in the setting of postabdominal surgery. FDG PET/CT revealed the disease progression despite glucocorticoids and aided in response evaluation after second-line drug, rituximab.
Lower extremity osteoarthritis: optimising musculoskeletal health is a growing global concern: a narrative review
Authors: Richard D Leech, Jillian Eyles, Mark E Batt, David J Hunter
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2018)

The burden of non-communicable diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA), continues to increase for individuals and society. Regrettably, in many instances, healthcare professionals fail to manage OA optimally. There is growing disparity between the strength of evidence supporting interventions for OA and the frequency of their use in practice. Physical activity and exercise, weight management and education are key management components supported by evidence yet lack appropriate implementation. Furthermore, a recognition that treatment earlier in the disease process may halt progression or reverse structural changes has not been translated into clinical practice. We have largely failed to put pathways and procedures in place that promote a proactive approach to facilitate better outcomes in OA. This paper aims to highlight areas of evidence-based practical management that could improve patient outcomes if used more effectively.
Gaps in the Clinical Management of Influenza
Authors: Timothy M. Uyeki, Robert A. Fowler, William A. Fischer
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The Role of the Funny Current in Pacemaker Activity
Authors: DarioDiFrancesco
Journal: Circulation Research (2010)

Abstract: Pacemaking is a basic physiological process, and the cellular mechanisms involved in this function have always attracted the keen attention of investigators. The “funny” (If) current, originally described in sinoatrial node myocytes as an inward current activated on hyperpolarization to the diastolic range of voltages, has properties suitable for generating repetitive activity and for modulating spontaneous rate. The degree of activation of the funny current determines, at the end of an action potential, the steepness of phase 4 depolarization; hence, the frequency of action potential firing. Because If is controlled by intracellular cAMP and is thus activated and inhibited by β-adrenergic and muscarinic M2 receptor stimulation, respectively, it represents a basic physiological mechanism mediating autonomic regulation of heart rate. Given the complexity of the cellular processes involved in rhythmic activity, an exact quantification of the extent to which If and other mechanisms contribute to pa...
Outcomes from an electronic medical record (EMR)-based standardized tobacco assessment and cessation program in a NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center.
Authors: Graham Walter Warren, Michael Zevon, Andrew Hyland, Pat Hysert, Robert Reed, Mary Ann Long, Teresa Houston, Martin Mahoney, Todd L. Demmy, K. Michael Cummings
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

1529 Background: Tobacco assessment and cessation is advocated by ASCO and national clinical oncology guidelines, but there is little information on large scale clinically efficient models to assess tobacco use and provide cessation in a structured evidence based manner. Automation through the electronic medical record (EMR) could reduce subjective interpretation by clinicians and assist in increasing data tracking accuracy to enhance meaningful use initiatives. Methods: A standard set of evidence based tobacco assessment questions were incorporated into an annotated fixed-variable response system in the EMR delivered by nursing at initial consult and at follow-up. A logic based EMR referral system was developed to determine patient eligibility for mandatory automated referral to a dedicated tobacco cessation service. An evidence based institutional clinical cessation program was developed to provide cessation support to referred patients. The evidence based screening and referral algorithms will be presented. Results: Over 13 months, 677 patients were referred and 529 patients were successfully contacted to date for cessation support. In the 529 patients, 21 (3.9%) were inappropriate referrals (never smokers or long term former smokers), 48 patients (9.1%) did not want to enroll, but wanted to discuss cessation at a later date. Notably, only 18 patients (3.4%) refused any intervention. In a total of 415 patients enrolled in the cessation program, 104 patients (25.1%) were thinking about quitting (contemplation), 134 patients (32.3%) were preparing to quit, 169 patients (40.7%) were quitting (action phase), and 8 patients (1.9%) have relapsed. Tobacco assessments and automated referrals through the EMR took a median of 4 minutes to complete. Conclusions: A large volume of patients were screened and referred to a dedicated cessation program with low patient refusal for intervention without impeding physician workflow. These data suggest that this nursing driven EMR based assessment is a highly efficient clinical model for tobacco assessment and cessation.
Diagnosis and Treatment in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome—Reply
Authors: Eddy Fan, Daniel Brodie, Arthur S. Slutsky
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
CD44 is a RAS/STAT5-regulated invasion receptor that triggers disease expansion in advanced mastocytosis
Authors: Niklas Mueller, Daniel Wicklein, Gregor Eisenwort, Mohamad Jawhar, Daniela Berger, Gabriele Stefanzl, Georg Greiner, Alexandra Boehm, Christoph Kornauth, Leonhard Muellauer, Susanne Sehner, Gregor Hoermann, Wolfgang R. Sperr, Philipp B. Staber, Ulrich Jaeger, Johannes Zuber, Michel Arock, Udo Schumacher, Andreas Reiter, Peter Valent
Journal: Blood (2018)