tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Update: Influenza Activity — United States, October 1–November 25, 2017
Authors: Vivien G. Dugan, Lenee Blanton, Anwar Isa Abd Elal, Noreen Alabi, John Barnes, Lynnette Brammer, Erin Burns, Charisse N. Cummings, Todd Davis, Brendan Flannery, Alicia M. Fry, Shikha Garg, Rebecca Garten, Larisa Gubareva, Yunho Jang, Krista Kniss, Natalie Kramer, Stephen Lindstrom, Desiree Mustaquim, Alissa O’Halloran, Sonja J. Olsen, Wendy Sessions, Calli Taylor, Susan Trock, Xiyan Xu, David E. Wentworth, Jacqueline Katz, Daniel Jernigan
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

Influenza activity in the United States was low during October 2017, but has been increasing since the beginning of November. Influenza A viruses have been most commonly identified, with influenza A(H3N2) viruses predominating. Several influenza activity indicators were higher than is typically seen for this time of year. The majority of influenza viruses characterized during this period were genetically or antigenically similar to the 2017-18 Northern Hemisphere cell-grown vaccine reference viruses. These data indicate that currently circulating viruses have not undergone significant antigenic drift; however, circulating A(H3N2) viruses are antigenically less similar to egg-grown A(H3N2) viruses used for producing the majority of influenza vaccines in the United States. It is difficult to predict which influenza viruses will predominate in the 2017-18 influenza season; however, in recent past seasons in which A(H3N2) viruses predominated, hospitalizations and deaths were more common, and the effectiveness of the vaccine was lower. Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all persons aged ≥6 months who do not have contraindications. Multiple influenza vaccines are approved and recommended for use during the 2017-18 season, and vaccination should continue to be offered as long as influenza viruses are circulating and unexpired vaccine is available. This report summarizes U.S. influenza activity* during October 1-November 25, 2017 (surveillance weeks 40-47).†.
Abstract A18: Association of anthropometric factors with risk of colorectal neoplasia in the Black Women's Health Study
Authors: Chiranjeev Dash, Lynn Rosenberg, Jeffrey Yu, Sarah Nomura, Julie Palmer, Lucile L. Adams-Campbell
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Evidence for the association of anthropometric factors with colorectal neoplasms is limited for African Americans. Association of 6 anthropometric measures with the risk of both colorectal adenomas and colorectal cancer (CRC) in the ongoing Black Women's Health Study cohort was examined. Using a nested case-control design for the adenoma analyses, 954 cases of colorectal adenoma were compared with 3,816 controls without a colorectal polyp, matched on age and follow-up time. For the CRC analyses, 413 incident CRC cases were identified over a 16-year follow up (802,783 person-years). Cases of adenoma and CRC were verified by medical record review. We used multivariable logistic regression analyses (for adenoma) and Cox proportional hazards analyses (for CRC) that included anthropometric exposures and selected confounders. Among postmenopausal women, risk of adenoma increased by 10% (95% CI: 1.00, 1.22), 11% (95% CI: 1.01, 1.29), and 9% (1.00, 1.19) with 1 standard deviation increase in body mass index, waist circumference, and weight change since age 18 , respectively. Anthropometric factors were not associated with adenoma risk among premenopausal women. None of the anthropometric factors were associated with CRC risk among either pre- or postmenopausal women. Future research should attempt to replicate the modest association of obesity with colon adenoma risk but not CRC risk among postmenopausal African American women. Citation Format: Chiranjeev Dash, Lynn Rosenberg, Jeffrey Yu, Sarah Nomura, Julie Palmer, Lucile L. Adams-Campbell. Association of anthropometric factors with risk of colorectal neoplasia in the Black Women's Health Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR International Conference: New Frontiers in Cancer Research; 2017 Jan 18-22; Cape Town, South Africa. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(22 Suppl):Abstract nr A18.
Sebaceous tumours: more than skin deep
Authors: Finja Jockenhöfer, Tobias T Schimming, Jörg Schaller, Jürgen Moege, Elisabeth Livingstone, Katrin A Salva, Lisa Zimmer, Dirk Schadendorf, Alexander Rösch
Journal: Gut (2017)

Clinical presentation A 77-year-old man presented to our skin cancer centre with various cutaneous tumours occurring in 2006–2017. Histopathology showed a ‘hidradenocarcinoma’ on the left upper back (2006) and a sebaceous adenoma (figure 1) on the left shoulder (2011). In 2017, he developed a sebaceous carcinoma on the middle upper back, which manifested as a slowly enlarging, asymptomatic nodule. Medical history was significant for curative resection of colorectal cancer in 1988. Figure 1 Clinical appearance of the sebaceous adenoma on the patient’s left shoulder in 2011. The most recent lesion was subjected to extensive immunohistochemical assessment. The neoplastic cells were positive for cytokeratin 5/6, cytokeratin 7, cluster of differentiation antigen 10, adipophilin, androgen receptor, epithelial membrane antigen, KI67 antigen, MLH1 and PMS2, but stained negative for gross cystic disease fluid protein 15, prostate-specific antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19/9, CDX2 protein, hepatocyte-specific antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, cluster of differentiation antigen 117 and cytokeratin 19. Given the variety of histological manifestations of the patient’s skin neoplasms, further studies were performed. They revealed positive nuclear expression signals for MLH1, MSH6 and PMS2, whereas MSH2 expression was absent in almost all tumour cells (figure 2). Positron emission tomography (PET)/CT and colonoscopy did not detect any pathological findings. However, molecular genetic analysis of peripheral blood showed a heterozygous deletion of exon 7 of the MSH2 gene. Subsequently, several family members tested positive for MSH2 mutations and underwent genetic counselling. Figure 2 (A–D) Histopathological images of the patient’s most recent lesion (diaminobenzidine, original magnification, ×100). The tumour cells demonstrated strong nuclear positivity for MLH1 (A) and PMS2 (B), but were essentially negative for MSH6 (C) and MSH2 (D). Question What is your diagnosis? Diagnosis: Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS).
<i>ERP29</i> genetic polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility and prognosis.
Authors: Gustavo Jacob Lourenco, Camila Borges Martins Oliveira, Cassio Cardoso-Filho, Leonardo Da Silveira Bossi, Cristiane Oliveira, Luis Otavio Zanatta Sarian, Maria Salete Costa-Gurgel, Carmen Silvia Passos Lima
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

584 Background: ERP29, a tumor suppressor gene, was related with the onset of tumors. The influence of ERP29 c.*293A>G (rs7114) polymorphism in breast cancer (BC) risk and prognosis has never been performed before and was the aim of this study. Methods: We analyzed 742 BC patients and 742 healthy women. The BC patients were treated by conventional procedures. ERP29 c.*293A>G genotypes were obtained from genomic DNA by TaqMan genotyping assays. The expression of ERP29 mRNA was determined by quantitative PCR using total RNA from blood leukocytes of healthy individuals with distinct genotypes (12 individuals with AA, 15 with AG, and six with GG). Overall survival (OS) was obtained from date of first diagnosis until the date of death or last follow-up. The differences in frequencies of distinct genotypes in patients and controls were analyzed by logistic regression model, serving to obtain age, ethnic origin and adjusted crude odds ratios (ORs), considering a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. OS time was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier estimate probabilities and differences between survival curves were analyzed by the log-rank test. Statistical significance was established at a P<0.05. All computations analyses were done using the SPSS 21.0 software (SPSS Incorporation). Results: The frequency of ERP29 AG+GG combined genotypes was higher in BC patients than in controls (36.6% versus 30.7%, P=0.03). Carriers of G allele were under a 1.33 (95% CI: 1.03-1.72)-fold increased risk for the tumor. The mean mRNA expression was lower in carriers of G allele than those with ERP29 AA genotype (0.82 arbitrary units (AUs) versus 1.41 AUs; P=0.02). The median of observation of BC patients enrolled in the study was 54 months (1-325). OS of BC patients with the ERP29 AG+GG combined genotypes was higher than that observed in those with the ERP29 AA wild genotype (67.5% versus 59.0% at 120 months of follow up; P=0.04). Conclusions: Our data suggest, for the first time, that ERP29 c.*293A>G polymorphism alters the risk and prognosis of BC possibly due to variation in the protein production.
Real life clinical outcomes in DAA-treatedand untreated patients with HCV advanced liver disease. Interim one year data from the ongoing PITER cohort
Authors: Loreta A. Kondili, Maurizia R. Brunetto, Taliani Gloria, Anna Linda Zignego, Giovanni Battista B. Gaeta, Strazzabosco Mario, Raimondo Giovanni, Ieluzzi Donatella, Iannone Andrea, Andreone Pietro, Teresa Antonia Santantonio, Craxi Antonio, Francesco P. Russo, Puoti Massimo, Borgia Guglielmo, Zuin Massimo, Siciliano Massimo, Chessa Luchino, Gori Andrea, Massari Marco, Persico Marcello, Morisco Filomena, Blanc Pierluigi, Federico Alessandro, Elke M. Erne, Alberti Alfredo, Torti Carlo, Maria Grazia Rumi, Vinci Maria, Orlandini Alessandra, Montalto Giuseppe, Giacometti Andrea, Claudio M. Mastroianni, Serio Ilaria, Toniutto Pierluigi, Aghemo Alessio, Morsica Giulia, Gulminetti Roberto, Verucchi Gabriella, Vecchiet Jacopo, Castelli Francesco, Zuccaro Valentina, Benedetti Antonio, Fargion Silvia, Anselmo Marco, Galli Massimo, Liliana Elena Weimer, Rosato Stefano, Maria Giovanna Quaranta, Vella Stefano, piter
Journal: Hepatology (2017)
Orchard in Bloom, Louveciennes
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 16704: Epigenetic and Morphofunctional Changes in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Cardiomyocytes Carrying a Mutation Causative of Premature Aging
Authors: Andre Monteiro da Rocha, Justin Davis, Evan Hoopingarner, Jeffery Creech, Katherine Campbell, Guadalupe Guerero-Serna, Todd J Herron, Jose Jalife
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction:  Aging is derived from accumulation of molecular and cellular damage resulting in loss of physiological reserves, individual capacity, and increased risk for cardiovascular disease and death. Life expectancy has been increasing and age related diseases are becoming more prevalent. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is disease that results in severe age-associated complications starting early in development. Patients with HGPS die at young age of diseases normally seen in the elderly population including cardiovascular complications. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) generated from patients carrying a mutation in the gene encoding Lamin A/C (LMNA2) causative of HGPS provide a unique in vitro model of aging.   Hypothesis:  HGPS-specific iPSC-CMs provide an unlimited source of cells that recapitulate hallmarks of advanced aging and age-related altered electrophysiology.   Methods:  iPSC-CMs from a control (MCH iPSCM) and HGPS-specific (167 iPSCM) cell lines were submitted to magnetic bead-assisted cell sorting and plated on PDMS coverslips for formation of matured iPSC-CMs functional syncytia. These cells were compared with single cell patch clamp and optical mapping for analysis of action potentials. Also, samples were submitted to western blot and immunofluorescence for assessment of Lamin A/C, heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) and chromatin repression marker (H3K9me3).   Results:  HGPS-specific iPSC-CMs presented hallmarks of HGPS (Figure 1), including nuclear lamina folding and blebbing (arrows and panels E and F); and nuclear fragmentation - arrow head on panel E. There was a 70% decrease in HP1 associated reduction in heterochromatin. HGPS-specific iPSC-CMs had increased action potential duration (panel G).   Conclusions:  iPSC-CMs carrying a mutation causative of a premature aging syndrome have hallmarks of HGPS that are also present in normal aging and may be used as a model for human heart aging.
The impact of surgery on global climate: a carbon footprinting study of operating theatres in three health systems
Authors: Andrea J MacNeill, Robert Lillywhite, Carl J Brown
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2017)

BackgroundClimate change is a major global public health priority. The delivery of health-care services generates considerable greenhouse gas emissions. Operating theatres are a resource-intensive subsector of health care, with high energy demands, consumable throughput, and waste volumes. The environmental impacts of these activities are generally accepted as necessary for the provision of quality care, but have not been examined in detail. In this study, we estimate the carbon footprint of operating theatres in hospitals in three health systems.MethodsSurgical suites at three academic quaternary-care hospitals were studied over a 1-year period in Canada (Vancouver General Hospital, VGH), the USA (University of Minnesota Medical Center, UMMC), and the UK (John Radcliffe Hospital, JRH). Greenhouse gas emissions were estimated using primary activity data and applicable emissions factors, and reported according to the Greenhouse Gas Protocol.FindingsSite greenhouse gas evaluations were done between Jan 1 and Dec 31, 2011. The surgical suites studied were found to have annual carbon footprints of 5 187 936 kg of CO2 equivalents (CO2e) at JRH, 4 181 864 kg of CO2e at UMMC, and 3 218 907 kg of CO2e at VGH. On a per unit area basis, JRH had the lowest carbon intensity at 1702 kg CO2e/m2, compared with 1951 kg CO2e/m2 at VGH and 2284 kg CO2e/m2 at UMMC. Based on case volumes at all three sites, VGH had the lowest carbon intensity per operation at 146 kg CO2e per case compared with 173 kg CO2e per case at JRH and 232 kg CO2e per case at UMMC. Anaesthetic gases and energy consumption were the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions. Preferential use of desflurane resulted in a ten-fold difference in anaesthetic gas emissions between hospitals. Theatres were found to be three to six times more energy-intense than the hospital as a whole, primarily due to heating, ventilation, and air conditioning requirements. Overall, the carbon footprint of surgery in the three countries studied is estimated to be 9·7 million tonnes of CO2e per year.InterpretationOperating theatres are an appreciable source of greenhouse gas emissions. Emissions reduction strategies including avoidance of desflurane and occupancy-based ventilation have the potential to lessen the climate impact of surgical services without compromising patient safety.FundingNone.
Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Semaglutide Versus Exenatide ER in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes (SUSTAIN 3): A 56-Week, Open-Label, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Andrew J. Ahmann, Matthew Capehorn, Guillaume Charpentier, Francesco Dotta, Elena Henkel, Ildiko Lingvay, Anders G. Holst, Miriam P. Annett, Vanita R. Aroda
Journal: Diabetes Care (2017)

OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide 1.0 mg s.c. with exenatide extended release (ER) 2.0 mg s.c. in subjects with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this phase 3a, open-label, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial, 813 subjects with type 2 diabetes taking oral antidiabetic drugs were randomized (1:1) to semaglutide 1.0 mg or exenatide ER 2.0 mg for 56 weeks. The primary end point was change from baseline in HbA1c at week 56. RESULTS Mean HbA1c (8.3% [67.7 mmol/mol] at baseline) was reduced by 1.5% (16.8 mmol/mol) with semaglutide and 0.9% (10.0 mmol/mol) with exenatide ER (estimated treatment difference vs. exenatide ER [ETD] –0.62% [95% CI –0.80, –0.44] [–6.78 mmol/mol (95% CI –8.70, –4.86)]; P &amp;lt; 0.0001 for noninferiority and superiority). Mean body weight (95.8 kg at baseline) was reduced by 5.6 kg with semaglutide and 1.9 kg with exenatide ER (ETD –3.78 kg [95% CI –4.58, –2.98]; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Significantly more subjects treated with semaglutide (67%) achieved HbA1c &amp;lt;7.0% (&amp;lt;53 mmol/mol) versus those taking exenatide ER (40%). Both treatments had similar safety profiles, but gastrointestinal adverse events were more common in semaglutide-treated subjects (41.8%) than in exenatide ER–treated subjects (33.3%); injection-site reactions were more frequent with exenatide ER (22.0%) than with semaglutide (1.2%). CONCLUSIONS Semaglutide 1.0 mg was superior to exenatide ER 2.0 mg in improving glycemic control and reducing body weight after 56 weeks of treatment; the drugs had comparable safety profiles. These results indicate that semaglutide treatment is highly effective for subjects with type 2 diabetes who are inadequately controlled on oral antidiabetic drugs.
Advertisements for donepezil (multiple letters) [4]
Authors: T Greenhalgh, K Stein, R Milne, L Best, H Boothby, Zaidi Smn., V Seth, S Khalaf, H Jameel, S Mahomed, P Hooper, A M Whitehead, R W Jones, J B Mann, S A Saunders, D Wilkinson
Journal: BMJ (1997)
What’s hot that the other lot got
Authors: Neeraj M Shah
Journal: Thorax (2017)

Hypoxia is common following acute stroke and associated with greater mortality and neurological morbidity. The Stroke Oxygen Study, a prospective, single-blind, multicentre, randomised controlled trial compared outcome between routine low-dose oxygen therapy and usual care (oxygen delivered to achieve target saturations) during the first 3 days after an acute stroke (Roffe et al , JAMA 2017;318:1125–35). Non-hypoxic patients were randomised to receive either continuous low-dose oxygen (3L/min if saturations were <94%; 2L/min if saturations were ≥94%), nocturnal oxygen only or usual care. Outcomes were assessed at 1 week and 90 days. Primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, a measure of disability. Secondary outcomes included mortality, neurological improvement, quality of life and activities of daily living scores. There were 8003 participants included in the study. There was no demonstrable benefit of continuous or nocturnal oxygen over usual care on mRS at 90 days (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.05, P=0.45 for combined oxygen groups vs control) in either the main study population or prespecified subgroups including more hypoxic (P=0.93), early presentation (P=0.47) or more severe …
Gene expression profiling to predict platinum-sensitivity in ovarian cancer.
Authors: Richard D. Drake, Luc Girard, David L. Lam, John D. Minna, John O. Schorge
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

2248    Objective:  Gene expression profiling by cDNA microarrray can be used to accurately predict response to combination chemotherapy. We hypothesize that the profile of primary ovarian cancer will outperform all currently used clinical parameters in predicting disease outcome and identify those patients most likely to benefit from consolidation treatment.  Methods : Twelve fresh-frozen epithelial ovarian cancer specimens obtained at primary surgical debulking were studied. All were advanced-stage, high grade and papillary serous histology. Postoperatively, patients received platinum-based chemotherapy and clinical outcome data was prospectively entered into a database. Those women with clinically-evident disease progression during primary chemotherapy or recurrence   6 months were considered “platinum-sensitive”. Five normal controls from patients undergoing surgery for benign reasons were analyzed for comparison. 5-10 μg of total RNA was isolated from all 17 cases, and the quality was confirmed by the Aligent 2100 Bioanalyzer. Each sample was profiled for mRNA expression levels of > 22,000 unique genes using the Affymetrix HG U133A Gene Chip. Array data was imported into MATRIX 1.23.1 and Gene Spring to identify over- and underexpressed genes in each group. Additional cases are being studied and will be presented. Class prediction profiles for platinum-sensitivity and platinum-resistance will then be determined by dividing tumors into “training” and “test” sets and cross-validated by the leave-one-out method.  Results:  Five platinum-sensitive and seven platinum-resistant ovarian cancers were compared to five normal controls. 633 genes were up-regulated at least 2 fold in the platinum-resistant group compared to the two other groups, and 83 of these showed at least a >4 fold difference (i.e. endomucin-2 (11 fold), Calpain 3 (8 fold), IGF-1 (8 fold)). 652 genes were down-regulated at least 2 fold. Sample clustering correlated well within each subset.  Conclusion:  Our preliminary findings suggest that gene expression profiling has the potential to predict platinum-sensitivity in ovarian cancer. This strategy has the potential to identify those patients most likely to benefit from novel or consolidation therapy. It also allows identification of possible targets to direct future novel therapy.