tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A dyadic exercise intervention to reduce psychological distress among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and heterosexual cancer survivors.
Authors: Charles Stewart Kamen, Luke Joseph Peppone, Michelle Christine Janelsins, Anita Roselyn Peoples, Mohamedtaki Abdulaziz Tejani, Marie Anne Flannery, Gary R. Morrow, Karen Michelle Mustian
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e17593 Background: Disparities in psychological distress exist between LGBT cancer survivors and their heterosexual counterparts. Both exercise and caregiver (CG) support reduce distress in heterosexuals; however, exercise interventions have not typically incorporated CG support and have not been delivered to LGBT survivors. Methods: In this pilot RCT, 42 LGBT and heterosexual survivors and CGs were randomized as dyads to: Arm 1) dyadic EXCAP (Exercise for Cancer Patients, a 6-week, home-based, aerobic and resistance training program), involving both survivor and CG; or Arm 2) survivor-only EXCAP. Psychological distress factors (i.e., anxiety, depression, fatigue, overall distress from the Profile of Mood States) and dyadic support (Dyadic Support Questionnaire) were measured at baseline and post-intervention (6 weeks later). We used t-tests to examine group differences, ANCOVA to assess the effect of EXCAPon distress and support, and correlations to examine associations between distress and support. Results: At baseline, LGBT survivors reported higher anxiety (t = -2.17, p = .04) and a trend toward higher fatigue (t = -1.83, p = .08) and overall distress (t = -1.87, p = .08) than heterosexual survivors. Participation in dyadic EXCAP resulted in a trend toward greater reduction in overall distress than survivor-only EXCAP for all survivors (p = .06). Increased dyadic support was associated with reduced distress among all survivors (r = -0.39, p = .05), and LGBT survivors in the dyadic EXCAP arm reported a greater increase in dyadic support than those in the survivor-only arm (t = 3.11, p = .03) and than heterosexual survivors in either arm (p's < .05). Conclusions: An exercise intervention incorporating CG support shows efficacy in reducing psychological distress, relative to a survivor-only intervention. This dyadic intervention modality may be particularly efficacious in addressing distress disparities among LGBT cancer survivors. Clinical trial information: NCT01883635.
Insurance Clearance for Early-Phase Oncology Clinical Trials Following the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Kenneth L. Kehl, Cheryl P. Fullmer, Siqing Fu, Goldy C. George, Kenneth R. Hess, Filip Janku, Daniel D. Karp, Shumei Kato, Cynthia K. Kizer, Razelle Kurzrock, Aung Naing, Shubham Pant, Sarina A. Piha-Paul, Vivek Subbiah, Apostolia M. Tsimberidou, David S. Hong
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2017)

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) required that private insurance plans allow clinical trial participation and cover standard-of-care costs, but the impact of this provision has not been well-characterized. We assessed rates of insurance clearance for trial participation within our large early-phase clinical trials program, before and after implementation of the requirement.
Abstract 135: A Novel TGFb Selective Inhibitor Drives Cardiogenesis in Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Erik Willems, Joaquim Teixeira, Dennis Schade, Marion Lanier, Paul Bushway, John Cashman, Mark Mercola
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

The early signals that drive embryonic stem cells (ESC) to cardiomyocytes are well characterized, but little is known about the pathways that control the later stages of differentiation. Genetic studies in animals are however challenging to study these later steps of heart development and are thus incapable of providing useful information for controlling ESC differentiation. Therefore, we have implemented unbiased high throughput screens on mouse ESC (mESC) to discover small molecules that probe these steps of differentiation to unravel novel biological mechanisms that control cardiac fate. From over 17000 unique molecules, screened in a serum assay relying on a cardiac specific Myh6-GFP reporter to monitor cardiogenesis, we identified a dihydropyridine (DHP), which are well-known L-type calcium channel inhibitors. Subsequent pathway analysis in combination with a structure activity relationship study of over 200 DHP analogs pinpointed the activity specifically to the Activin A/TGFb pathway, with high inhibition efficiency for TGFb signals and poor to none for Activin A signals. Further functional characterization of DHP in the TGFb pathway demonstrated that DHP acts upstream of Smad2/3, positioning the activity at the receptor level, where DHP downregulates the amount of TGFb receptors on the cell surface and targets them for degradation. This TGFb selective inhibitor was then applied in mESC to probe the effects of inhibiting TGFb specifically at several stages of differentiation. When given early in differentiation DHP blocked all mesoderm, indicating that, in serum differentiated cultures, TGFb is essential for mesoderm induction. Secondly, when DHP was added during mesoderm patterning, cardiogenesis was enhanced specifically, whereas other cardiovascular lineages such as smooth muscle, blood and endothelial cells were not affected. In summary, we have identified a new probe of TGFb signaling that shows that TGFb signaling governs cardiopoietic fate by inhibiting formation of cardiomyocytes. Additionally, our molecule and its mechanism have important implications for congenital heart disease, since deficient TGFb signaling leads to vascular and cardiac defects, and elevated signaling underlies Loeys-Deitz syndrome.
Abstract 5504: Regulation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products by estrogen receptor ligands in endometrial cancer
Authors: Julia Davies, Deyarina Gonzalez, R.Steven Conlan
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Endometrial cancer has numerous established risk factors including excessive unopposed estrogen exposure, tamoxifen, obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). These risk factors may promote inflammation, an important hallmark of cancer. Since the endometrium is a site of regular and repeated inflammation during the menstrual cycle, the regulation of inflammation may be involved in endometrial cancer. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) stimulates numerous inflammatory signalling pathways and its expression is elevated in a number of inflammatory pathologies including diabetes and more recently cancer. This work aims to investigate the regulation of RAGE by estrogen receptor ligands in endometrial cancer. RAGE and estogen receptor isoform protein expression were examined in a patient cohort by immunohistochemistry. RAGE and ER isoform expression was assessed following estrogen receptor ligand exposure in both type I and type II endometrial cancer cell line models. ERα, ERβ, p65 and ER co-regulator recruitment to the RAGE promoter following ER ligand treatment was determined in vitro by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Data revealed (i) RAGE and ER isoform endometrial expression is altered in endometrial cancer patients and patients receiving tamoxifen compared to postmenopausal women, (ii) RAGE is expressed in type I and II endometrial cancer cell lines and its expression can be modulated by estrogen and tamoxifen exposure, and (iii) by chromatin immunoprecipitation, estrogen receptor ligands were shown to alter ERα, ERβ and ER co-regulator binding at the RAGE promoter. To conclude, results from this work suggest RAGE is associated with endometrial cancer development. Once clinically validated, RAGE and associated targets investigated in this study could be potentially used as a panel of endometrial cancer biomarkers and may also be used to indicate if patients are at risk of the adverse agonist action of tamoxifen in the endometrium. Citation Format: Julia Davies, Deyarina Gonzalez, R.Steven Conlan. Regulation of the receptor for advanced glycation end products by estrogen receptor ligands in endometrial cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5504. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5504
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreaticogastrostomy in a pediatric patient
Authors: Monica Saumoy, Ming Xu, Amy Tyberg, Michel Kahaleh
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

A 14-year-old boy was admitted for acute pancreatitis secondary to pancreas divisum. The patient failed to improve with conservative management. In addition, two separate conventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (ERCPs) were attempted for endoscopic stenting for pancreas divisum. However both were unsuccessful in cannulation of the pancreatic duct despite secretin injection, spraying of the papilla with methylene blue, and precut minor papillotomy. Despite pancreatic rest and nutritional supplementation via percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) with jejunal extension, the patient had persistent abdominal pain and back pain, as well as failure to thrive. Therefore an endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided pancreaticogastrostomy was performed for pancreatic duct drainage ([Video 1]). A 7-Fr × 15-cm plastic double-pigtail stent was placed in antegrade fashion, with the proximal end in the stomach and the distal end in the small intestine ([Fig. 1]). The post-procedure course was complicated by a peripancreatic collection that was drained with a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS). Nevertheless, 1 month after successful pancreatic duct drainage, the patient’s abdominal pain had resolved.
CORAIL trial: Randomized phase III study of lurbinectedin (PM01183) versus pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) or topotecan (T) in patients with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.
Authors: Stephanie Gaillard, Sharad A. Ghamande, Beatriz Pardo, Domenica Lorusso, Ignace Vergote, Zsuzsanna Papai, D O'Malley, Rebecca Sophie Kristeleit, Andres Redondo, Constanta Timcheva, Cristian Fernandez, Antonio Nieto, Arturo Soto-Matos, Keren Rachel Moss, Klaus H. Baumann, Isabelle Ray-Coquard, Ana Oaknin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

TPS5597 Background: PM01183 (PM; lurbinectedin) is a new anticancer drug that blocks trans-activated transcription, induces DNA double-strand breaks and inhibits the tumor microenvironment. Significant activity (30% objective response rate) was reported in a phase II trial in patients (pts) with platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (ASCO 2014, oral session, abstract 5505). The most common toxicity observed was hematologic, mainly neutropenia. Methods: Multinational, multicenter (112 sites), open-label, randomized, phase III study of PM (3.2 mg/m2 1-h i.v. infusion, q3wk; experimental arm) vs. a control arm with either PLD (50 mg/m2, q4wk) or T (1.5 mg/m2, q3wk). A total of 420 pts will be randomized (1:1) and stratified according to performance status (PS), platinum-free interval (PFI) and number of prior chemotherapy lines. Interim safety (80 pts recruited) and futility (210 pts recruited) analysis are to be performed by an independent data monitoring committee. The most relevant inclusion criteria are: pts ≥ 18 years old; confirmed diagnosis of platinum-resistant (PFI: 1-6 months after last platinum-containing chemotherapy) epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer: ≤ 3 prior chemotherapy regimens; progressive disease as per RECIST v1.1 at study entry; PS: 0-2 and adequate major organ function. Pts are excluded if pre-treated with PM, trabectedin, or with both PLD and T; have bowel obstruction, or require permanent or frequent external drainage within 2 weeks prior to randomization. Primary objective: to determine a difference in progression-free survival (RECIST v1.1) by independent review committee. Prospective assumptions are a 30% risk reduction favoring PM (HR = 0.70; 2.5% 1-sided alpha; 90% power). Secondary endpoints: overall survival, antitumor response (RECIST/CA-125), duration of response, QoL, safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), PK/pharmacodynamic correlations, and pharmacogenomics. First patient was included in June 2015; As of January 2016, 151 patients have been enrolled. Enrollment is expected to be completed in November 2016. Clinical trial information: NCT02421588.
Abstract 313: Twist Contributes to Cardiomyocyte Renewal and is Required for Maintenance of Adult Cardiac Function
Authors: Yi-Li Min, Svetlana Bezprozvannaya, Drazen Šošic, Young-Jae Nam, Hesham Sadek, Rhonda Bassel-Duby, Ning Liu, Eric N Olson
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Cardiomyocyte renewal occurs very slowly in adult mammals, and little is known of the genetic basis of cardiac regeneration. Twist is a highly conserved bHLH transcription factor responsible for Drosophila mesoderm formation during embryogenesis. Recent studies have shown that Twist protein is essential for muscle regeneration in adult Drosophila, but the potential role of Twist in the mammalian heart has not been explored. There are two Twist genes in vertebrates, Twist-1 and -2. We show that Twist-1 and -2 are expressed in epicardium and interstitial cells but not in differentiated cardiomyocytes in mice. To understand the potential function of Twist-dependent lineages in the adult heart, we generated inducible Twist2CreERT2; ROSA26-tdTomato reporter mice. By treating these mice with tamoxifen at 8 weeks of age, we observed progressive labeling of various cell types, such as epithelial cells, cardiac fibroblasts, and cardiomyocytes in the heart. We isolated Tomato-positive nonmyocytes from these mice and found that these cells can differentiate into cardiomyocytes and other cell types in vitro. Furthermore, cardiac-specific deletion of both Twist1 and Twist2 resulted in an age-dependent lethal cardiomyopathy. These findings reveal an essential contribution of Twist to long-term maintenance of cardiac function and support the concept of slow, lifelong renewal of cardiomyocytes from a Twist-dependent cell lineage in the adult heart.
THE ROLE OF STREPTOCOCCI IN HUMAN GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
Authors: John B. Zabriskie
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1971)

It is now generally accepted that a majority of the various forms of the disease glomerulonephritis with perhaps some direct toxic modifications at the onset are primarily immunologic in nature. The work of a number of investigators (1) has pointed out that this immunologic insult may take two basic forms. The first depends upon the production of antigen-antibody complexes which are subsequently trapped in the glomerular capillary walls or filter. The second mechanism may involve the formation of injurious agents (huoral and/or cellular) capable of reacting with the renal basement membrane tissue of the host. The end result of both forms of immunological intrusion is inflammation of the renal tissue, primarily basement membrane, with of course, help from complement components and leukocytes.
New diagnostic tests: more harm than good
Authors: Bjørn Hofmann, H. Gilbert Welch
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Although new diagnostics may advance the time of diagnoses in selected patients, they will increase the frequency of false alarms, overdiagnosis, and overtreatment in others. <b>Bjorn Hofmann</b> and <b>H. Gilbert Welch</b> explain how to minimise harm
Human CD56bright NK Cells Acquire Potent Anti-Leukemia Functionality Following IL-15 Priming
Authors: Julia A Wagner, Rizwan Romee, Maximillian Rosario, Melissa M Berrien-Elliott, Stephanie E Schneider, Jeffrey W Leong, Ryan P Sullivan, Brea A Jewell, Timothy Schappe, Sara Abdel-Latif, Aaron R Ireland, Devika Jaishankar, Justin A King, Ravi Vij, Todd A Fehniger
Journal: Blood (2016)
Phase 1/2 study of weekly <i>nab</i>-paclitaxel (<i>nab</i>-P) in pediatric patients (pts) with recurrent/refractory solid tumors (STs): Dose-finding and pharmacokinetics (PK).
Authors: Lucas Moreno, Michela Casanova, Julia C. Chisholm, Pablo Berlanga, Pascal B. Chastagner, Sylvain Baruchel, Carla Manzitti, Soledad Gallego Mélcon, Nicolas U. Gerber, Gianni Bisogno, Franca Fagioli, Birgit Geoerger, Julia Glade Bender, Isabelle Aerts, Christophe Bergeron, Pooja Hingorani, Ileana Elias, Mathew Simcock, Ruta Slepetis, Gilles Vassal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

10551 Background: Although solvent-based paclitaxel has demonstrated activity in adult pts with STs, solvents produce significant neurotoxicity in pediatric pts. nab-P is an albumin–bound paclitaxel with no alcohol solvent that has shown enhanced accumulation in STs and demonstrated efficacy and tolerability in adults with various STs. Here we report nab-P safety, PK, and preliminary clinical activity in pediatric pts with recurrent/refractory STs from the phase 1 part of a phase 1/2, multicenter study in collaboration with Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer. Methods: Pts aged ≥ 6 mo – < 18 y with recurrent/refractory nonCNS STs and Lansky or Karnofsky performance status ≥ 70 were enrolled in phase 1. The nab-P starting dose was 120 mg/m2 IV on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle (qw 3/4) until progression or unacceptable toxicity. A rolling-6 dose-escalation design was used to establish the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) and safety profile (phase 1 primary endpoints). Results: 64 pts with a median age of 12 y (range, 2 – 17 y; 26 pts with soft tissue sarcomas, 10 with neuroblastoma) received nab-P 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, or 270 mg/m2 qw 3/4. Two DLTs were observed: grade (G) 3 dizziness at 120 mg/m2 and G 4 neutropenia lasting > 7 days at 270 mg/m2. The safety monitoring committee declared 270 mg/m2 the nontolerable dose based on G ≥ 3 toxicities during the first 2 cycles: neutropenia (n = 5), skin toxicity (n = 2), and peripheral neuropathy (n = 1). Three of 5 pts who continued treatment beyond cycle 1 at 270 mg/m2 had a dose reduction in cycle 2 due to toxicity. Thus, the 240 mg/m2 dose (n = 8) was designated the RP2D (160% of the qw dose tested as monotherapy in adults with STs). Three of a total of 5 partial responses (PRs) were observed at this dose (3 soft tissue sarcomas; PRs at other doses were in neuroblastoma and Ewing sarcoma). nab-P produced a fairly dose-proportional PK profile across age groups. Conclusions: nab-P demonstrated a manageable safety profile at all doses. The 240 mg/m2 qw 3/4 RP2D demonstrated promising preliminary clinical activity. Phase 2, assessing nab-P at the RP2D in pediatric pts with neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma, is accruing. Clinical trial information: NCT01962103.
Influence of Diabetes on Long-Term Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patency
Authors: Sajjad Raza, Eugene H. Blackstone, Penny L. Houghtaling, Jeevanantham Rajeswaran, Haris Riaz, Faisal G. Bakaeen, A. Michael Lincoff, Joseph F. Sabik
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Undertriage of Firearm-Related Injuries Not Actually Assessed
Authors: Joseph Weber
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Inferring Past Environments from Ancient Epigenomes
Authors: David Gokhman, Anat Malul, Liran Carmel
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2017)

Analyzing the conditions in which past individuals lived is key to understanding the environments and cultural transitions to which humans had to adapt. Here, we suggest a methodology to probe into past environments, using reconstructed premortem DNA methylation maps of ancient individuals. We review a large body of research showing that differential DNA methylation is associated with changes in various external and internal factors, and propose that loci whose DNA methylation level is environmentally responsive could serve as markers to infer about ancient daily life, diseases, nutrition, exposure to toxins, and more. We demonstrate this approach by showing that hunger-related DNA methylation changes are found in ancient hunter-gatherers. The strategy we present here opens a window to reconstruct previously inaccessible aspects of the lives of past individuals.
Long-term outcome of eosinophilic fasciitis: A cross-sectional evaluation of 35 patients
Authors: Jorre S. Mertens, Rogier M. Thurlings, Wietske Kievit, Marieke M.B. Seyger, Timothy R.D. Radstake, Elke M.G.J. de Jong
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2017)
Practical Improvements for Medical Device Evaluation
Authors: Daniel B. Kramer, Robert W. Yeh
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Prenatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure and children9s respiratory health
Authors: Lyudmila Jelenina, Olga Lavrova, Maria Petrova
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2011)

Background:  Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with respiratory symptoms.  Prenatal ETS exposure is associated with impaired lung function and wheezing illnesses, particularly in preschool children. Although negative impact of prenatal ETS exposure on children is evident, ETS impact on respiratory system of infants is still poorly explored.   Purpose:  To assess the possible effects of ETS exposure in utero on lower respiratory disease in children from infants up to seven years of age.   Methods:  We evaluated the health impact of ETS in 117 infants born from asthmatic mothers. We also analyzed the onset of wheeze & asthma by the age of 7 with regard to the impact of ETS.   Results:  The prevalence of wheeze during the first year of life was 4.7 times higher in infants who were prenatally exposed to ETS (OR-4.69 [CI:1.63-13.52]) compared to children without ETS exposure. However, no differences in allergic asthma prevalence by 7 years of age were found between the patient groups.   Conclusions:  The research results provide strong evidence linking prenatal ETS to impairments in infants9 respiratory system.