tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Neurological Aspect of Leprosy ("Spedalskhed").
Journal: JAMA (1924)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
World Medical Association rejects BMA request to suspend president
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2017)

A request by the BMA to suspend the president of the World Medical Association pending a resolution of corruption charges by a court in Delhi has been rejected.

The BMA wrote to the world body calling for the suspension of Ketan Desai, who took up the two year post in October 2016.

The letter has not been seen by The BMJ , but a BMA spokesperson said, “The BMA wrote to the WMA raising concerns about the position of Dr Desai, and calling for the suspension of his authority. BMA members had questioned Desai’s suitability for the role while charges against him are pending. These charges had not been brought to the attention of …
Stability of Enzymatic Biosensors for Wearable Applications
Authors: Apurva Sonawane, Pandiaraj Manickam, Shekhar Bhansali
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2017)

Technological evolution in wearable sensors accounts for major growth and transformation in a multitude of industries, ranging from healthcare to computing and informatics to communication and biomedical sciences. The major driver for this transformation is the new-found ability to continuously monitor and analyze the patients' physiology in patients' natural setting. Numerous wearable sensors are already on the market and are summarized. Most of the current technologies have focused on electrophysiological, electromechanical, or acoustic measurements. Wearable biochemical sensing devices are in their infancy. Traditional challenges in biochemical sensing such as reliability, repeatability, stability, and drift are amplified in wearable sensing systems due to variabilities in operating environment, sample/sensor handling, and motion artifacts. Enzymatic sensing technologies, due to reduced fluidic challenges, continue to be forerunners for converting into wearable sensors. This paper reviews the recent developments in wearable enzymatic sensors. The wearable sensors have been classified in three major groups based on sensor embodiment and placement relative to the human body: 1) on-body, 2) clothing/textile-based biosensors, and 3) biosensor accessories. The sensors, which come in the forms of stickers and tattoos, are categorized as on-body biosensors. The fabric-based biosensor comes in different models such as smart-shirts, socks, gloves, and smart undergarments with printed sensors for continuous monitoring.
Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy versus placebo surgery for a degenerative meniscus tear: a 2-year follow-up of the randomised controlled trial
Authors: Raine Sihvonen, Mika Paavola, Antti Malmivaara, Ari Itälä, Antti Joukainen, Heikki Nurmi, Juha Kalske, Anna Ikonen, Timo Järvelä, Tero A H Järvinen, Kari Kanto, Janne Karhunen, Jani Knifsund, Heikki Kröger, Tommi Kääriäinen, Janne Lehtinen, Jukka Nyrhinen, Juha Paloneva, Outi Päiväniemi, Marko Raivio, Janne Sahlman, Roope Sarvilinna, Sikri Tukiainen, Ville-Valtteri Välimäki, Ville Äärimaa, Pirjo Toivonen, Teppo L N Järvinen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

Objective To assess if arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) is superior to placebo surgery in the treatment of patients with degenerative tear of the medial meniscus. Methods In this multicentre, randomised, participant-blinded and outcome assessor-blinded, placebo-surgery controlled trial, 146 adults, aged 35–65 years, with knee symptoms consistent with degenerative medial meniscus tear and no knee osteoarthritis were randomised to APM or placebo surgery. The primary outcome was the between-group difference in the change from baseline in the Western Ontario Meniscal Evaluation Tool (WOMET) and Lysholm knee scores and knee pain after exercise at 24 months after surgery. Secondary outcomes included the frequency of unblinding of the treatment-group allocation, participants' satisfaction, impression of change, return to normal activities, the incidence of serious adverse events and the presence of meniscal symptoms in clinical examination. Two subgroup analyses, assessing the outcome on those with mechanical symptoms and those with unstable meniscus tears, were also carried out. Results In the intention-to-treat analysis, there were no significant between-group differences in the mean changes from baseline to 24 months in WOMET score: 27.3 in the APM group as compared with 31.6 in the placebo-surgery group (between-group difference, −4.3; 95% CI, −11.3 to 2.6); Lysholm knee score: 23.1 and 26.3, respectively (−3.2; −8.9 to 2.4) or knee pain after exercise, 3.5 and 3.9, respectively (−0.4; −1.3 to 0.5). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in any of the secondary outcomes or within the analysed subgroups. Conclusions In this 2-year follow-up of patients without knee osteoarthritis but with symptoms of a degenerative medial meniscus tear, the outcomes after APM were no better than those after placebo surgery. No evidence could be found to support the prevailing ideas that patients with presence of mechanical symptoms or certain meniscus tear characteristics or those who have failed initial conservative treatment are more likely to benefit from APM.
Abstract 168: Does Calcium Influx Through TTCC Induce Cardiomyocyte Proliferation?
Authors: Fang Wang, Hui Gao, Hajime Kubo, Xiaoxuan Fan, Remus Berretta, Xiongwen Chen, Hongyu Zhang, Jeffery Molkentin, Steven R Houser
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

T-type Ca²[[Unable to Display Character: + ]] channels (TTCC) are primarily expressed in fetal/neonatal cardiomyocytes and their functional role is not well defined. Here we explored the idea that Ca 2+ influx through TTCC regulates myocyte proliferation. The fact that Mibefradil (TTCC and L-type calcium channel (LTCC) antagonist) inhibits smooth muscles proliferation supports this idea. Our hypothesis is: Blocking TTCC will reduce neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferation. Wild type (WT) and α1G TTCC knockout (α1G-/-) neonatal mice ventricular myocytes (NMVMs) were used. Patch clamp was used to measure TTCC. Flow cytometry was used to determine cell cycle distribution. 1. On day 1 (after birth), TTCC was detected in 35% WT NMVMs (n=31), whereas only 4% α1G-/- NMVMs have TTCC (n=25). On day 7, no TTCC was detected in both WT (n=16) and α1G-/- (n=27). 2. In vivo: On day 1 there’s no significant difference in cell cycle distribution: [88.2%±2.7% in G1/G0, 8.1%±2.8% in G2/M, 3.2%±0.1% in S; n=12] in WT vs. [90.6%±1.6% in G1/G0, 5.7%±1.5% in G2/M, 3.7%±0.3% in S; n=20] in α1G-/-. On day 7 there’s a significant difference: [52.3%±1.6% in G1/G0, 47.7%±1.6% in G2/M; n=28] in WT vs. [68.2%±2.1% in G1/G0, 31.9%±2.1% in G2/M; n=20] in α1G-/-, p&lt;0.05. 3. In vitro: Mono and binucleated myocytes percentage was measured: On day 1 there’s no significant difference. On day 7 there were more binucleated cells in WT: 51%±4% mono and 49%±4% binucleated in WT (n=495) vs. 80%±3% mono and 20%±3% binucleated in α1G-/- (n=1107), p&lt;0.05. Cell surface area (CSA) (um²) in α1G-/- (n=164) was smaller than WT (n=109): 860.3±323.3 in WT vs. 716.7±274.9 in α1G-/- in mono (p&lt;0.005), 1333.9±534.0 in WT vs. 1016.6±315.4 in α1G-/- in binucleated (p&lt;0.001). In 2-month old mice there’s a difference in percentage of mono and binucleated myocytes: [7.3%±3.7% mono, 92.7%±3.6% binucleated; n=687] in WT vs. [30.8%±6.1% mono, 69.2%±6.1% binucleated; n=793] in α1G-/-, p&lt;0.05. CSA in α1G-/- was smaller than in WT: 2267.4±1119.7 in WT vs. 1784.6±683.9 in α1G-/- in mononulceated (p&lt;0.0001), 2419.2±712.4 in WT vs. 2048.3±671.1 in α1G-/- in binucleated (p&lt;0.0001). There is large amount of DNA synthesis in NMVMs after birth, by day 7 most of the WT NMVMs are arrested in G2 and become binucleated. Myocyte without α1G TTCCs did not exit from the cell cycle normally.
Endoscopic management of biliary injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a single centre experience
Authors: A Zaheer, K Tambirajoo, M Kirca, D Kelleher, PWN Keeling, N Mahmud
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Introduciton: Biliary injury although not common is a serious complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) seen in 0.8–1.1%. Some studies have shown the beneficial effect of endoscopic therapy.
Clinical applications of PD-L1 bioassays for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Delong Liu, Shuhang Wang, Wendy Bindeman
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2017)

Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has emerged as a biomarker that can help to predict responses to immunotherapies targeted against PD-L1 and its receptor (PD-1). Companion tests for evaluating PD-L1 expression as a biomarker of response have been developed for many cancer immunotherapy agents. These assays use a variety of detection platforms at different levels (protein, mRNA), employ diverse biopsy and surgical samples, and have disparate positivity cutoff points and scoring systems, all of which complicate the standardization of clinical decision-making. This review summarizes the current understanding and ongoing investigations regarding PD-L1 expression as a potential biomarker for clinical outcomes of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.
Vitreoretinal surgery outcomes
Authors: Ingrid U Scott, William E Smiddy, William Feuer, Arie Merikansky
Journal: Ophthalmology (1998)

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess patient satisfaction and change in functional status after surgery for epiretinal membrane (ERM), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), and complex retinal detachment (CRD). This study also aimed to determine whether objective measures of vision are predictive of subjective improvement after surgery.DesignThe study design included patient interviews and retrospective chart review.ParticipantsParticipants were those patients who underwent surgery for ERM, RRD, or CRD by one surgeon at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute between January 1, 1993, and December 31, 1994.InterventionPatient satisfaction and patients' perceptions of the impact of surgery on their functional status were assessed by telephone interviews conducted by one interviewer at least 6 months after surgery.Main outcome measuresResponses to patient satisfaction survey and subjective change in patients' functional status were measured.ResultsOf 187 eligible patients, 146 (78.1%) could be contacted and all agreed to participate. Ninety patients (61.6%) reported improved functioning after surgery in 2 or more of the 5 activities investigated. Twenty-one patients (14.4%) reported worse postoperative vision than expected, but only 5 patients (3.4%) thought surgery had not been worthwhile. One hundred forty-three patients (97.9%) reported adequate explanation of surgery and its expected results. Patients with preoperative study eye visual acuity between 20/40 and 20/200 were most likely to improve in two or more activities. Lower preoperative worse eye vision and better final study eye vision were associated with a greater likelihood of satisfaction after surgery. Diagnostic category was not predictive of change in functional status or patient satisfaction.ConclusionsThere is a high rate of patient satisfaction and improved functional status after surgery for ERM, RRD, and CRD, even among patients with good fellow eye vision.
Knock down of AQP1 in human endothelial cells and melanoma cancer stem cells changes the organisation of the cytoskeleton
Authors: Caterina LaPorta, Elena Monzani, Floriana facchetti, Carla perego
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA

3597 

Background Information : Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is specifically and strongly expressed in most microvasculature endothelial cells outside of the brain. Herein we have investigated the role of AQP1 in both microvascular endothelial (HMEC-1) and in a human melanoma cancer stem-ness cell line (WM115). The knock down of AQP1 by RNA interference modified in both cells the organization of F-actin as well as reduced the migration and invasive capacity significantly. In order to better understand the intracellular mechanisms elicited by AQP-1, we have investigated the role of Lin-7, a PDZ protein which is involved in the recruitment of receptors, adhesion molecules and signalling proteins and that can interact with cytoskeleton through β-catenin.    Results : Our results showed that AQP1 co-immunoprecipitated with Lin-7 and the knock down of AQP-1 decreased the level of expression of Lin-7 and β-catenin. Interestingly, the inhibition of proteasome contrasted partially such a decrease.    Conclusion : All together, our findings show, for the first time, that AQP1 triggers an intracellular mechanisms modulating and stabilizing the organization of cytoskeleton through Lin-7/β-catenin interaction. A model for these functions of AQP1, at least for endothelial and melanoma cells, is presented.
Early phase clinical trials of anticancer agents in children and adolescents — an ITCC perspective
Authors: Lucas Moreno, Andrew D. J. Pearson, Xavier Paoletti, Irene Jimenez, Birgit Geoerger, Pamela R. Kearns, C. Michel Zwaan, Francois Doz, Andre Baruchel, Josef Vormoor, Michela Casanova, Stefan M. Pfister, Bruce Morland, Gilles Vassal
Journal: Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology (2017)
Association of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) baseline plasma level to objective response (OR), progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) and changes under treatment in patients treated with bevacizumab (Bev) for recurrent high-grade glioma (HGG).
Authors: Emeline Tabouret, Francoise Boudouresque, Jaime Callego Perez-Larraya, Maryline Barrie, Giuseppe Lombardi, Mona Matta, Anna Luisa Di Stefano, Marianne Labussiere, Celine Boucard, Anderson Loundou, Sylvie Romain, Antoine F Carpentier, Marc Sanson, L'houcine Ouafik, Oliver L. Chinot
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

2024 Background: Predictive marker of Bev activity is an unmet medical need. We evaluated predictive value of selected circulating prebiomarkers involved in neoangiogenesis and invasion on patient outcome in recurrent HGG treated with Bev. Methods: A set of eleven prebiomakers of interest (VEGF, VEGF-R2, bFGF, SDF1, PlGF, uPA, PAI1, MMP2, MMP7, MMP9, and adrenomedulline) were analyzed in plasma, using ELISA, at baseline from Bev initiation in a prospective cohort of 26 patients (Cohort1). Correlations were validated in a separate retrospective Bev treated cohort (Cohort2; n = 50) and then tested in a cohort of patients treated with cytotoxic agents without Bev (Cohort3; n = 34). Dosages were correlated to OR, PFS, and OS. MMP2 and MMP9 were then analyzed at multiple time points up to progression. Results: In cohort1, high MMP2 baseline level was associated with an OR rate of 83.3% for high levels versus 15.4% for low MMP2 levels (p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, MMP2 baseline level was correlated with PFS (hazard-ratio (HR), 3.92; 95% confidence-interval (CI):1.46-10.52; p = 0.007) and OS (HR, 4.62; 95%CI 1.58-13.53; p = 0.005), as MMP9 (p = 0.016 for PFS and p = 0.025 for OS). Similar results were found in cohort2 for MMP2, (MMP2: p&lt;0.001 for OR; p = 0.009 for PFS; p = 0.009 for OS) but not for MMP9. In cohort3, no association was found between MMP2, MMP9 and outcome. Significant changes in MMP2 and MMP9 plasma levels were observed during treatment. MMP2 increased after Bev initiation (p = 0.002), and decreased at progression (p = 0.002) while MMP9 initially decreased (p = 0.007) then increased at progression (p = 0.031). Conclusions: In patients with recurrent HGG treated with bevacizumab, but not with cytotoxic agents, high MMP2 plasma levels are associated with prolonged tumor control and survival while changes over time may reflect tumor control. MMP2 should be tested in randomized clinical trials that evaluate bevacizumab efficacy, and its biological role should be reassessed.
Paving the Way for Dose Banding of Chemotherapy: An Analytical Approach
Authors: Heike Reinhardt, Rainer Trittler, Alison G Eggleton, Stefan Wöhrl, Thomas Epting, Marion Buck, Sabine Kaiser, Daniel Jonas, Justus Duyster, Manfred Jung, Martin J Hug, Monika Engelhardt
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2017)

Background: In an interdepartmental cooperation, we investigated the feasibility and benefits of implementing dose banding of chemotherapy at our medical center. Based on this concept, chemotherapy doses are clustered into bands of similar dosage levels, thereby allowing the preproduction of frequently used standard doses of drugs, with sufficient physicochemical stability. Although established practice in the United Kingdom, there is little published evidence of its introduction elsewhere. Methods: We performed an analysis of local prescribing practice (22,310 chemotherapies) and identified gemcitabine, 5-fluorouracil, and carboplatin, among various others, as cytotoxic drugs suitable for dose banding. Results: First, we determined the physicochemical stability of the selected chemotherapy drugs during 12-weeks' storage by performing pH analysis and visual examination for color change or particles. No relevant changes were identified. Gemcitabine was selected for quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography analysis and we were able to show that ≥95% remained after 12 weeks' storage, in accordance with international guidelines. To simulate a worst case scenario, we performed microbiological stability testing of simulated cytotoxic compounding by replacing the cytotoxic drug with liquid media. Samples were incubated over defined storage time points (3, 6, and 12 weeks) and evaluated using the direct inoculation method. For the container integrity test, we deposited the samples into highly contaminated broth for 1 hour. Microbiological stability was demonstrated in both tests for the full storage period. Conclusions: Our data show that 12-weeks' storage of selected cytotoxic products is feasible from a microbiological perspective. Sterility of prepared products was maintained under extreme storage conditions. Gemcitabine content was in accordance with international guidelines after 12-weeks' storage. These results support the introduction of dose-banded gemcitabine products with the predicted advantages of optimized pharmacy workflow and reduced patient waiting times. We highlight the need for further research and consensus on the performance of purity analyses in dose-banded drug products.
Effect of lenalidomide on the antiproliferative effect of gemcitabine against pancreatic tumor cells and on immune-mediated pancreatic cancer cell death
Authors: L. Wu, W. Liu, C. Galustian, P. Schafer, A. G. Dalgleish, J. B. Bartlett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e14635 Background: Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic agent that has demonstrated activity against a range of hematological malignancies. Despite evidence of direct anti-proliferative activity against hematological cells in vitro, there is no evidence of single agent direct activity against solid tumor cells in vitro. To take advantage of its known immune-enhancing properties alongside direct anti-tumor agents, lenalidomide is being advanced in solid tumor indications in combination with other agents. There are few data regarding the combination of lenalidomide and standard of care chemotherapeutic agents, such as gemcitabine. Methods: Here, we assess the effects of lenalidomide alone, and in combination with gemcitabine, on pancreatic cancer cell growth and survival, and the ability of lenalidomide to enhance the ability of human PBMC to kill allogeneic pancreatic tumor cells (BxPC3, PANC-1 and MiaPaCa) in a PBMC:tumor cell co-culture model. Results: Lenalidomide alone had no effect on the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells (BxPC-3 and Panc-1) whereas gemcitabine had moderate anti-proliferative activity. With combination therapy there was clear synergistic enhancement of anti-proliferative activity in both cell lines and additive effects were observed in a BxPC-3 xenograft mouse model of pancreatic cancer. About 20% of tumor cells were sensitive to immune-mediated cell death and, for BxPC3, this was increased significantly in the presence of lenalidomide. Lenalidomide significantly and dose-dependently enhanced immune-mediated killing (both T and NK cells are required for tumor cell killing in this model). For PANC-1 and MiaPaCa, immune-mediated killing was also increased by lenalidomide, albeit non-significantly. Conclusions: These results suggest that, in addition to anti-angiogenic and other effects within the tumor microenvironment, lenalidomide may act as an immune adjuvant to enhance the recognition and apoptosis of tumor cells by host T and NK cells. These studies support the potential utility of lenalidomide in combination with chemotherapeutic agents, gemcitabine in particular, in the treatment of patients with solid tumors including pancreatic cancer. [Table: see text]