tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diet affects gut microbiota and modulates hospitalization risk differentially in an international cirrhosis cohort
Authors: J.S. Bajaj, R. Idilman, L. Mabudian, M. Hood, A. Fagan, D. Turan, F. Karakaya, M. White, E. Gavis, D. Heuman, P. Hylemon, R. Atalay, R. Brown, M. Sikaroodi, P. Gillevet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the recognition of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis by human dendritic cells and in the induction of Th17 cells
Authors: Lívia Furquim de Castro, Larissa Nara Alegrini Longhi, Munir Regini Paião, Amauri da Silva Justo-Júnior, Marcelo Bispo de Jesus, Maria Heloisa de Souza Lima Blotta, Ronei Luciano Mamoni
Journal: Journal of Infection (2018)
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics modeling of ritonavir boosted lonafarnib therapy in HDV patients: A phase 2 LOWR HDV-3 study
Authors: P. Dubey, C. Koh, P. Surana, S. Uprichard, M.A.T. Han, N. Fryzek, G. Subramanya, D. Kapuria, O. Etzion, V. Takyar, Y. Rotman, C. Yurdaydin, J. Glenn, S. Cotler, T. Heller, H. Dahari
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
GMC should lose right to appeal fitness to practise decisions, says BMA
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2018)

The BMA has called for the UK General Medical Council to lose its ability to appeal against decisions of the Medical Practitioners Tribunal Service.

The recommendation is one of 17 made by the BMA in its response to the Department of Health and Social Care’s review into gross negligence manslaughter in healthcare. The review is being led by Norman Williams, former president of the Royal College of Surgeons.1

It was ordered after the trainee paediatrician Hadiza Bawa-Garba was struck off the medical register earlier this year, after the GMC appealed against a tribunal’s decision to suspend her for 12 months, following a convicted of gross negligence manslaughter.2

The BMA said …
Written Exposure Therapy vs Cognitive Processing Therapy
Authors: Falk Leichsenring, Christiane Steinert
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Response by Lytvyn et al to Letter Regarding Article, “Sodium Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibition in Heart Failure: Potential Mechanisms, Clinical Applications, and Summary of Clinical Trials”
Authors: Yuliya Lytvyn, Petter Bjornstad, Jacob A. Udell, Julie A. Lovshin, David Z.I. Cherney
Journal: Circulation (2018)
Characteristics of new solid nodules detected in incidence screening rounds of low-dose CT lung cancer screening: the NELSON study
Authors: Joan E Walter, Marjolein A Heuvelmans, Geertruida H de Bock, Uraujh Yousaf-Khan, Harry J M Groen, Carlijn M van der Aalst, Kristiaan Nackaerts, Peter M A van Ooijen, Harry J de Koning, Rozemarijn Vliegenthart, Matthijs Oudkerk
Journal: Thorax (2018)

Purpose New nodules after baseline are regularly found in low-dose CT lung cancer screening and have a high lung cancer probability. It is unknown whether morphological and location characteristics can improve new nodule risk stratification by size. Methods Solid non-calcified nodules detected during incidence screening rounds of the randomised controlled Dutch-Belgian lung cancer screening (NELSON) trial and registered as new or previously below detection limit (15 mm 3 ) were included. A multivariate logistic regression analysis with lung cancer as outcome was performed, including previously established volume cut-offs (&lt;30 mm 3 , 30–&lt;200 mm 3 and ≥200 mm 3 ) and nodule characteristics (location, distribution, shape, margin and visibility &lt;15 mm 3 in retrospect). Results Overall, 1280 new nodules were included with 73 (6%) being lung cancer. Of nodules ≥30 mm 3 at detection and visible &lt;15 mm 3 in retrospect, 22% (6/27) were lung cancer. Discrimination based on volume cut-offs (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC): 0.80, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.84) and continuous volume (AUC: 0.82, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.87) was similar. After adjustment for volume cut-offs, only location in the right upper lobe (OR 2.0, P=0.012), central distribution (OR 2.4, P=0.001) and visibility &lt;15 mm 3 in retrospect (OR 4.7, P=0.003) remained significant predictors for lung cancer. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test (P=0.75) and assessment of bootstrap calibration curves indicated adequate model fit. Discrimination based on the continuous model probability (AUC: 0.85, 95% CI 0.81 to 0.89) was superior to volume cut-offs alone, but when stratified into three risk groups (AUC: 0.82, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.86), discrimination was similar. Conclusion Contrary to morphological nodule characteristics, growth-independent characteristics may further improve volume-based new nodule lung cancer prediction, but in a three-category stratification approach, this is limited. Trial registration number ISRCTN63545820 ; pre-results.
Rapid Classification of Positive Blood Cultures-Reply
Authors: David W. Bates
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —Dr Johnson asserts that the findings of this study are simple and intuitive and should be common knowledge. Unfortunately, much of what is "common knowledge" in medicine has been found incorrect when subjected to scrutiny. Furthermore, we have previously demonstrated that physicians expend substantial resources evaluating and treating patients with contaminant cultures, suggesting that the distinction between true-positive and false-positive blood cultures is not always obvious. Others have found that physicians routinely overestimate the probability of true bacteremia.<sup>1</sup>Our hope is that the information we have presented will better allow physicians to focus on the important pieces of data and calibrate their estimates regarding the likelihood that a positive blood culture represents a true positive. Dr Chapdelaine notes that "Organism category 2" was included in the algorithm despite borderline statistical significance of this variable. As is apparent from Table 6, the organism categories were of major importance,
Green Space Visits among Adolescents: Frequency and Predictors in the PIAMA Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Lizan D. Bloemsma, Ulrike Gehring, Jochem O. Klompmaker, Gerard Hoek, Nicole A.H. Janssen, Henriëtte A. Smit, Judith M. Vonk, Bert Brunekreef, Erik Lebret, Alet H. Wijga
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2018)

Background: Green space may influence health through several pathways, for example, increased physical activity, enhanced social cohesion, reduced stress, and improved air quality. For green space to increase physical activity and social cohesion, spending time in green spaces is likely to be important. Objectives: We examined whether adolescents visit green spaces and for what purposes. Furthermore, we assessed the predictors of green space visits. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data for 1911 participants of the Dutch PIAMA (Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy) birth cohort were analyzed. At age 17, adolescents reported how often they visited green spaces for physical activities, social activities, relaxation, and to experience nature and quietness. We assessed the predictors of green space visits altogether and for different purposes by log-binomial regression. Results: Fifty-three percent of the adolescents visited green spaces at least once a week in summer, mostly for physical and social activities. Adolescents reporting that a green environment was (very) important to them visited green spaces most frequently {adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] very vs. not important: 6.84 (5.10, 9.17) for physical activities and 4.76 (3.72, 6.09) for social activities}. Boys and adolescents with highly educated fathers visited green spaces more often for physical and social activities. Adolescents who own a dog visited green spaces more often to experience nature and quietness. Green space visits were not associated with the objectively measured quantity of residential green space, i.e., the average normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and percentages of urban, agricultural, and natural green space in circular buffers around the adolescents' homes. Conclusions: Subjective variables are stronger predictors of green space visits in adolescents than the objectively measured quantity of residential green space. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2429
DNA methylation of a PLPP3 MIR transposon-based enhancer promotes an osteogenic programme in calcific aortic valve disease
Authors: Ghada Mkannez, Valérie Gagné-Ouellet, Mohamed Jalloul Nsaibia, Marie-Chloé Boulanger, Mickael Rosa, Deborah Argaud, Fayez Hadji, Nathalie Gaudreault, Gabrielle Rhéaume, Luigi Bouchard, Yohan Bossé, Patrick Mathieu
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is characterized by the osteogenic transition of valve interstitial cells (VICs). In CAVD, lysophosphatidic acid (LysoPA), a lipid mediator with potent osteogenic activity, is produced in the aortic valve (AV) and is degraded by membrane-associated phospholipid phosphatases (PLPPs). We thus hypothesized that a dysregulation of PLPPs could participate to the osteogenic reprograming of VICs during CAVD.The expression of PLPPs was examined in human control and mineralized AVs and comprehensive analyses were performed to document the gene regulation and impact of PLPPs on the osteogenic transition of VICs. We found that PLPP3 gene and enzymatic activity were downregulated in mineralized AVs. Multidimensional gene profiling in 21 human AVs showed that expression of PLPP3 was inversely correlated with the level of 5-methylcytosine (5meC) located in an intronic mammalian interspersed repeat (MIR) element. Bisulphite pyrosequencing in a larger series of 67 AVs confirmed that 5meC in intron 1 was increased by 2.2-fold in CAVD compared with control AVs. In isolated cells, epigenome editing with clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats-Cas9 system containing a deficient Cas9 fused with DNA methyltransferase (dCas9-DNMT) was used to increase 5meC in the intronic enhancer and showed that it reduced significantly the expression of PLPP3. Knockdown experiments showed that lower expression of PLPP3 in VICs promotes an osteogenic programme.DNA methylation of a MIR-based enhancer downregulates the expression of PLPP3 and promotes the mineralization of the AV.
Just 4 Weeks of Antibiotics Prevents Active TB in People With HIV
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Determination of the optimum timing of the start of nucleoside analogue by FIB-4 index for hepatitis B patients from the viewpoint of suppressing hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: S. Hige, I. Ozeki, R. Tatsumi, M. Yamaguchi, M. Kimura, T. Arakawa, T. Nakajima, Y. Kuwata, T. Ohmura, J. Toyota, Y. Karino
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Adjuvant Therapy for Colon Cancer: Genes, Genes… and the Patient in the Center
Authors: Javier Rodriguez, Silvestre Vicent, Ana Chopitea, Mariano Ponz-Sarvisé
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Although molecular subtype-based stratification and genomic signatures of increasing complexity are becoming a new strategy to guide therapeutic decisions in stage II/III colon cancer, several prognostic factors that can be easily obtained from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens should be considered to create combined models that better define individual patients' needs. Clin Cancer Res; 24(16); 3787-9. ©2018 AACRSee related article by Kandimalla et al., p. 3867.
Genetic Counseling Referral Rates in Long-Term Survivors of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Carlos H. Barcenas, Maryam N. Shafaee, Arup K. Sinha, Akshara Raghavendra, Babita Saigal, Rashmi K. Murthy, Ashley H. Woodson, Banu Arun
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2018)

Background: Inherited BRCA gene mutations (pathogenic variants) cause 10% of breast cancers. BRCA pathogenic variants predispose carriers to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC); around 30% of patients with TNBC carry BRCA pathogenic variants. The 2018 NCCN Guidelines for Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Breast and Ovarian recommend genetic counseling referrals for patients with TNBC diagnosed at age ≤60 years. This study sought to describe genetic counseling referral patterns among long-term TNBC survivors at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. Methods: This single-institution retrospective analysis of female long-term (disease-free for ≥5 years) TNBC survivors sought to determine the rate of genetic counseling referral among patients diagnosed at age ≤60 years between 1992 and 2008. Patients who underwent treatment and surveillance visits at our institution and were followed until 2017 were included. We collected BRCA pathogenic variant status among tested patients. Descriptive statistical methods and a univariate analysis were used to identify patient characteristics associated with genetic counseling referral. Results: We identified 646 female long-term TNBC survivors with a median age at diagnosis of 47 years. Of these, 245 (38%) received a recommendation for a genetic counseling referral. Among those referred, 156 (64%) underwent genetic testing, and 35% of those tested had BRCA pathogenic variants. Interestingly, among those referred, 20% declined genetic testing. The rate of genetic referrals improved over time, from 25% among TNBC survivors whose last surveillance visit was between 2011 and 2013 to 100% among those whose last surveillance visit was between 2014 or later. Younger age and premenopausal status at diagnosis and a family history of breast or ovarian cancer were associated with an increased rate of referral for genetic counseling. Conclusions: Among long-term TNBC survivors, the rate of referral to genetic counseling increased over time, and among those tested, 35% carried a BRCA pathogenic variant. Survivorship care provides an excellent opportunity to refer eligible patients for genetic counseling.
The emerging realm of morphogens in the adult liver of mice and human – a deep insight into distribution, interaction and regulation
Authors: E. Schröder, C. Rennert, J. Böttger, D. Meierhofer, R. Gajowski, C. Stöpel, H. Stefan, W. von Schönfels, C. Schafmayer, M. Brosch, J. Hampe, R. Gebhardt, M. Matz-Soja
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Seroepidemiology of Coxsackievirus A10 infection in infants and children: A prospective cohort study in Jiangsu, China
Authors: Ying Fu, Shi-yang Sun, Qun-ying Mao, Lian-lian Bian, Xing Wu, Feng-cai Zhu, Chun-lai Jiang, Fan Gao, Zheng-lun Liang
Journal: Journal of Infection (2018)
Are patients with chronic pruritus more susceptible to social stress than healthy controls? An experimental case-control study
Authors: G. Schneider, A. Stumpf, M. Burgmer, P. Broecker, L. Volmering, S. Ständer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Are patients with chronic pruritus more susceptible to social stress than healthy controls?An experimental case-control study
Strategic Therapeutic Targeting to Overcome Venetoclax Resistance in Aggressive B-cell Lymphomas
Authors: Lan V. Pham, Shengjian Huang, Hui Zhang, Jun Zhang, Taylor Bell, Shouhao Zhou, Elizabeth Pogue, Zhiyong Ding, Laura Lam, Jason Westin, R. Eric Davis, Ken H. Young, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Richard J. Ford, Krystle Nomie, Leo Zhang, Michael Wang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Purpose: B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), an antiapoptotic protein often dysregulated in B-cell lymphomas, promotes cell survival and provides protection from stress. A recent phase I first-in-human study of the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax in non-Hodgkin lymphoma showed an overall response rate of 44%. These promising clinical results prompted our examination of the biological effects and mechanism of action underlying venetoclax activity in aggressive B-cell lymphoma, including mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Experimental Design: MCL and DLBCL cell lines, primary patient samples, and in vivo patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models were utilized to examine venetoclax efficacy. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying venetoclax response and the development of venetoclax resistance were evaluated using proteomics analysis and Western blotting.Results: Potential biomarkers linked to venetoclax activity and targeted combination therapies that can augment venetoclax response were identified. We demonstrate that DLBCL and MCL cell lines, primary patient samples, and PDX mouse models expressing high BCL-2 levels are extremely sensitive to venetoclax treatment. Proteomics studies showed that venetoclax substantially alters the expression levels and phosphorylation status of key proteins involved in cellular processes, including the DNA damage response, cell metabolism, cell growth/survival, and apoptosis. Short- and long-term exposure to venetoclax inhibited PTEN expression, leading to enhanced AKT pathway activation and concomitant susceptibility to PI3K/AKT inhibition. Intrinsic venetoclax-resistant cells possess high AKT activation and are highly sensitive to PI3K/AKT inhibition.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the on-target effect of venetoclax and offer potential mechanisms to overcome acquired and intrinsic venetoclax resistance through PI3K/AKT inhibition. Clin Cancer Res; 24(16); 3967–80. ©2018 AACR.
Admitting What We Do Not Know in Rheumatologic Disease—The First Step Toward Learning More—Reply
Authors: John B. Wong, Alí Duarte-García
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Assessment of health care, hospital admissions, and mortality by ethnicity: population-based cohort study of health-system performance in Scotland
Authors: Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Genevieve Cezard, Raj S Bhopal, Linda Williams, Anne Douglas, Andrew Millard, Markus Steiner, Duncan Buchanan, Aziz Sheikh, Laurence Gruer
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2018)

BackgroundEthnic minorities often experience barriers to health care. We studied six established quality indicators of health-system performance across ethnic groups in Scotland.MethodsIn this population-based cohort study, we linked ethnicity from Scotland's Census 2001 (April 29, 2001) to hospital admissions and mortality records, with follow-up until April 30, 2013. Indicators of health-system performance included amenable deaths (ie, deaths avertable by effective treatment), preventable deaths (ie, deaths avertable by public health policy), avoidable deaths (combined amenable and preventable deaths), avoidable hospital admissions, unplanned readmissions, and length of stay. We calculated rate ratios and odds ratios (with 95% CIs) using Poisson and logistic regression, which we multiplied by 100, adjusting first for age-related covariates and then for socioeconomic-related and birthplace-related covariates. The white Scottish population was the reference (rate ratio [RR] 100).FindingsThe results are based on 4·61 million people. During the 50·5 million person-years of study, 1·17 million avoidable hospital admissions, 587 740 unplanned readmissions, and 166 245 avoidable deaths occurred. South Asian groups had higher avoidable hospital admissions than the white Scottish group, with the highest reported RRs in Pakistani groups (RR 140·6 [95% CI 131·9–150·0] in men; RR 141·0 [129·0–154·1] in women). There was little variation between ethnic groups in length of stay or unplanned readmission. Preventable and amenable mortality were higher in the white Scottish group than several ethnic minorities including other white British, other white, Indian, and Chinese groups. Such differences were partly diminished by adjustment for socioeconomic status, whereas adjustment for country of birth had little additional effect.InterpretationThese data suggest concerns about the access to and quality of primary care to prevent avoidable hospital admissions, especially for south Asians. Relatively high preventable and amenable deaths in white Scottish people, compared with several ethnic minority populations, were unexpected. Future studies should both corroborate and examine explanations for these patterns. Studies using several indicators simultaneously are also required internationally.FundingChief Scientist's Office, Medical Research Council, NHS Research Scotland, Farr Institute.
TCTAP A-104 Clinical Outcomes of Amphilimus Drug Eluting Stents in an All-comers Southeast Asian Registry
Authors: Dasdo Antonius Sinaga, Simon Lo, Mohd Kamal Mohd Arshad, Sazzli Kasim, Deanna Zhi-Lin Khoo, Timothy James Watson, Jason Kwok Kong Loh, Fahim Haider Jafary, Paul JL. Ong, Hee Hwa Ho
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)