tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Atrophy and Leukoencephalopathy in a Young Man Presenting With Encephalitic Episodes
Authors: Fei Xiao, Xin Tian, Xue-feng Wang
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2018)

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Abstract 19647: Obesity is Associated With an Exaggerated Postprandial Pro-atherosclerotic Response to High-energy Food in Children
Authors: Jakob Hauser, Andrew Taylor, Alexander Jones
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Obesity and unhealthy eating are known cardiovascular disease risk factors but their impact in childhood remains unclear. Evidence in adults suggests that metabolic handling of fat and carbohydrate varies in the obese, promoting disease. Little is known about the multi-system response to such food in adults or children. We studied this in teenagers with varying adiposity. Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers (aged 13-19yrs) ingested 300ml of double (heavy) cream mixed with 89g of maltose syrup (energy 1,635 kcal). Blood pressure (BP) and venous bloods were assessed prior to the meal and for up to 4 hours after the meal. BMI was normalized using WHO reference standards. The continuous interaction between BMI and each meal response measure was assessed in time series regression models. Results: The figure shows the marginal mean estimates over time for three representative BMI z-scores. High BMI was associated with greater meal responses for systolic BP, VLDL and lymphocyte count (*P&lt;0.001). Differences at rest were not significant. Diastolic BP did not differ. At rest, 1 SD BMI was associated with 0.5 (SE 0.2, P 0.03) higher neutrophil count and 20 (SE 6, P 0.009) higher platelet count but meal responses did not differ. Triglyceride response was associated with BMI in a similar way to VLDL but cholesterol, LDL and HDL did not differ. Haemoglobin and haematocrit did not differ. Conclusions: We showed a combined haemodynamic, metabolic and inflammatory response in obese children that is likely to be detrimental to their vascular endothelial health. Higher platelet and neutrophil counts may worsen this pro-atherosclerotic state. This evidence supports the hypothesis that cardiovascular risk processes begin early in life. Better understanding of these processes and discovery of appropriate interventions are needed for effective prevention of cardiovascular disease.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging‐Guided Drug Delivery to Breast Cancer Stem‐Like Cells
Authors: Yujin Sun, Hoe Suk Kim, Sukmo Kang, Yin Ji Piao, Sangyong Jon, Woo Kyung Moon
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2018)

Abstract The feasibility of detecting breast cancer stem‐like cells (BCSCs) with magnetic resonance imaging using extradomain‐B of fibronectin (EDB‐FN)‐specific peptide (APT EDB )‐conjugated thermally cross‐linked superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (APT EDB ‐TCL‐SPIONs) is previously demonstrated. Here, doxorubicin (Dox)‐loaded APT EDB ‐TCL‐SPIONs (Dox@APT EDB ‐TCL‐SPIONs) are generated and their theranostic ability in a BCSC xenograft mouse model is assessed. The Dox@APT EDB ‐TCL‐SPIONs enable more efficient delivery of Dox to tumors than nontargeted Dox@TCL‐SPIONs. Much greater inhibition of BCSC tumor growth is observed after treatment with the Dox@APT EDB ‐TCL‐SPIONs than with either Dox@TCL‐SPIONs or free Dox. Hypointense signals are observed in the majority of the mice in postcontrast but not precontrast T2*‐weighted MR images of tumors 7 days after treatment with Dox@APT EDB ‐TCL‐SPIONs. An inverse correlation is observed between signal intensity and both EDB‐FN expression and response to chemotherapy. The data indicate Dox@APT EDB ‐TCL‐SPIONs can detect BCSCs within tumors by targeting EDB‐FN‐expressing cells. These nanoparticles thus have theranostic potential in breast cancer.
Urine Complement Proteins and the Risk of Kidney Disease Progression and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Tomas Vaisar, Blythe Durbin-Johnson, Kathryn Whitlock, Ilona Babenko, Rajnish Mehrotra, David M. Rocke, Maryam Afkarian
Journal: Diabetes Care (2018)

We examined the association of urine complement proteins with progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or death in people with type 2 diabetes and proteinuric diabetic kidney disease (DKD).
Do the folk actually hold folk-economic beliefs?
Authors: Ben M. Tappin, Robert Ross, Ryan T. McKay
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2018)

Boyer &amp; Petersen (B&amp;P) argue that folk-economic beliefs are widespread - shaped by evolved cognitive systems - and they offer exemplar beliefs to illustrate their thesis. In this commentary, we highlight evidence of substantial variation in one of these exemplars: beliefs about immigration. Contra claims by B&amp;P, we argue that the balance of this evidence suggests the "folk" may actually hold positive beliefs about the economic impact of immigration.
Dual Gene Repertoires for Larval and Adult Shells Reveal Molecules Essential for Molluscan Shell Formation
Authors: Ran Zhao, Takeshi Takeuchi, Yi-Jyun Luo, Akito Ishikawa, Tatsushi Kobayashi, Ryo Koyanagi, Alejandro Villar-Briones, Lixy Yamada, Hitoshi Sawada, Shunsuke Iwanaga, Kiyohito Nagai, Noriyuki Satoh, Kazuyoshi Endo
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2018)

Molluscan shells, mainly composed of calcium carbonate, also contain organic components such as proteins and polysaccharides. Shell organic matrices construct frameworks of shell structures and regulate crystallization processes during shell formation. To date, a number of shell matrix proteins (SMPs) have been identified, and their functions in shell formation have been studied. However, previous studies focused only on SMPs extracted from adult shells, secreted after metamorphosis. Using proteomic analyses combined with genomic and transcriptomic analyses, we have identified 31 SMPs from larval shells of the pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata, and 111 from the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. Larval SMPs are almost entirely different from those of adults in both species. RNA-seq data also confirm that gene expression profiles for larval and adult shell formation are nearly completely different. Therefore, bivalves have two repertoires of SMP genes to construct larval and adult shells. Despite considerable differences in larval and adult SMPs, some functional domains are shared by both SMP repertoires. Conserved domains include von Willebrand factor type A (VWA), chitin-binding (CB), carbonic anhydrase (CA), and acidic domains. These conserved domains are thought to play crucial roles in shell formation. Furthermore, a comprehensive survey of animal genomes revealed that the CA and VWA–CB domain-containing protein families expanded in molluscs after their separation from other Lophotrochozoan linages such as the Brachiopoda. After gene expansion, some family members were co-opted for molluscan SMPs that may have triggered to develop mineralized shells from ancestral, nonmineralized chitinous exoskeletons.
Abstract 17413: Influence of Endothelial Function and Rho-Associated Kinase Activity in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Takeshi Matsumoto, Yukihito Higashi, Akimichi Iwamoto, Masato Kajikawa, Nozomu Oda, Tatsuya Maruhashi, Ayumu Nakashima, Kensuke Noma, Yasuki Kihara
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Primary aldosteronism (PA) is a most common cause of secondary hypertension and patients are divided into two subtypes in clinically, aldosterone producing adenoma (APA) and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA). Hypertension is associated with endothelial dysfunction. It is well known that endothelial dysfunction is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Rho-associated kinases (ROCKs), one of the first downstream targets of the small GTP-binding protein Rho A, mediate various cellular physiologic functions. It has been reported that an increase in ROCK activity is associated with cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. However, there is little information on the relationship between subtype of PA and the grade of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the vascular function and ROCK activity in patients with PA. Methods: Vascular function, including peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) and ROCK activity in peripheral leukocytes were evaluated in 18 patients with APA group (49.5±15.5 years, 7 males), 14 patients with IHA group (56.1±11.0 years, 8 males), and 23 age-, gender-, and blood pressure-matched EH group (55.6 ± 9.9 years, 13 males). Results: PAT ratio was significantly lower in the APA and IHA groups than in the EH group (0.62±0.23 vs. 0.62±0.24 and 0.79±0.28, P&lt;0.05, respectively), whereas there was no significant difference in PAT ratio between the APA group and IHA group. ROCK activity was significantly higher in the APA group than in the IHA group and EH group (1.36±0.58 vs. 0.95±0.51 and 0.80±0.39, P&lt;0.05 and P&lt;0.001, respectively), whereas there was no significant difference in ROCK activity between the IHA group and EH group. PAT ratio correlated with plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) (r=-0.36, P&lt;0.01) and plasma renin activity ratio (ARR) (r=-0.26, P=0.05). ROCK activity correlated with serum potassium (r=-0.27, P=0.05), PAC (r=0.39, P&lt;0.01) and ARR (r=0.49, P&lt;0.01). Conclusions: APA and IHA were associated with endothelial dysfunction and APA increased ROCK activity compared with those in IHA and EH. These findings suggest that APA may have a higher risk of future cardiovascular events.
Abstract 14204: Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in the Young
Authors: Jasper Tromp, MacDonald Michael, Wan Ting Tay, Tiew-Hwa K Teng, CL Hung, Calambur Narashiman, Wataru Shimizu, Jon Yap, Michael R Zile, Inder S Anand, Carolyn S Lam
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is known as a disease of the elderly. Information is scant on HFpEF in the young. Methods: Among 1203 prospectively enrolled p...
Abstract 14571: Short Telomere Length is a Marker of Renal Aging in a Japanese Cohort
Authors: Kazuo Eguchi, Lawrence S Honig, Joseph H Lee, Satoshi Hoshide, Kazuomi Kario
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Short telomere length has been shown to be associated with atherosclerotic change and cardiovascular damage, in studies of primarily Western populations. Hypothesis: We tested the hyp...
Preventing loss of mechanosensation by the nuclear membranes of alveolar cells reduces lung injury in mice during mechanical ventilation
Authors: Inés López-Alonso, Jorge Blázquez-Prieto, Laura Amado-Rodríguez, Adrián González-López, Aurora Astudillo, Manuel Sánchez, Covadonga Huidobro, Cecilia López-Martínez, Claudia C. dos Santos, Guillermo M. Albaiceta
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2018)

Mechanical stretch sensed by the nuclear membranes of lung alveoli triggers cell death that can be prevented by maintaining nuclear membrane stiffness.
Abstract 17316: Inflammation and Coronary Artery Calcification in South Asians: The Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) Study
Authors: Jaideep Patel, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Colby Ayers, Ian J Neeland, Alka M Kanaya, Namratha Kandula, Michael J Blaha, Khurram Nasir, Roger S Blumenthal, Parag H Joshi
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Inflammatory biomarkers and adipocytokines (IBA) may contribute to atherosclerosis by promoting vascular inflammation, which is associated with increased CHD risk in some ethnic group...
Abstract MP087: Sleep Quality is Associated with Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in Mid-Life Mexican Women
Authors: Pablo Merino, Andrés Catzín-Kuhlmann, Adriana Monge, Elsa Yunes, Luis Espinosa, Carlos Cantú-Brito, Martín Lajous, Ruy Lopez-Ridaura
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Sleep quantity has been associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), however little is known about the impact of sleep quality on subclinical CVD. Hypothesis: Poor sleep quality is associated with subclinical CVD. Methods: We assessed the relationship between sleep quality and common carotid artery intima media thickness (IMT) through a cross-sectional analysis of a sub sample of 442 disease-free women from the Mexican Teacher’s Cohort. Sleep quality was evaluated through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in an online questionnaire applied to participants in 2014-2016. We defined poor sleep quality as a PSQI score above 5. Right and left carotid IMT was measured at clinical visits in 2012, 2013 and 2016 through carotid ultrasound performed by trained neurologists; results were log-transformed. Subclinical CVD was defined as the mean of right and left IMT ≥0.8mm or the presence of an atherosclerotic plaque. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of sleep quality with IMT or subclinical CVD, respectively. Results: In women of 49±5 years, the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 41% (185 of 442) and of subclinical CVD was 12.2% (54 of 442). The multivariable-adjusted percent difference of IMT was 2.4% (95% CI 0.03, 4.9), greater amongst those with poor sleep versus adequate sleep quality. The odds of developing subclinical CVD in women with poor sleep quality were 2.2 (95% CI 1.2, 4.1) times greater than those with adequate sleep quality (figure). Additionally, further adjustments for stress and depressive symptoms attenuated the results and were no longer statistically significant. Conclusion: Poor sleep quality is associated with IMT and subclinical CVD in a population of middle-aged women and this association is potentially mediated by stress and depression. Further analysis is needed regarding this association.
Neurosarcoidosis Mimics High-Grade Glioma in Dynamic 18F-FET PET Due to LAT Expression
Authors: Marcus Unterrainer, Caroline Diekmann, Mario Dorostkar, Franziska Jill Vettermann, Tania Kümpfel, Jörg-Christian Tonn, Peter Bartenstein, Nathalie Lisa Albert
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

We present a 45-year-old man with newly generalized tonic-clonic seizures due to a contrast-enhancing frontal lesion with perifocal edema suggestive for high-grade glioma (HGG). For further evaluation, a dynamic F-FET PET scan was performed, which showed high F-FET-uptake with early peak and constantly decreasing time-activity curves, a characteristic feature of HGG. Stereotactic biopsy and histological evaluation excluded a neoplastic lesion but confirmed a manifestation of neurosarcoidosis with strong expression of the L-amino-acid-transporter considered responsible for F-FET-uptake. Therefore, unknown manifestations of neurosarcoidosis represent a clinical pitfall in F-FET PET and can mimic HGG.
Abstract 20045: One in Six South Asian Adults Develop Hypertension Over a Two Year Period: Results From the CARRS Cohort Study
Authors: Panniyammakal Jeemon, S Ghosh, S Roopa, VS Ajay, MK Ali, M Deepa, V Mohan, MH Kadir, Nikhil Tandon, KMV Narayan
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Hypertension is a growing public health problem in South Asia. We examined hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control rates in adult participants at baseline in the CARRS cohort from three large cities in South Asia and report both incidence and predictors of incident hypertension using the longitudinal follow-up data. Methods: The CARRS Study recruited representative population cohorts of three metropolitan urban cities namely Chennai, Delhi and Karachi. Trained field workers collected socio-demographic and risk factor data from all eligible participants using a structured questionnaire, standardized equipment and a common study protocol. All the participants recruited at baseline were followed-up annually. Fasting blood samples were also collected at baseline and at two year follow-up for biochemical analyses of lipids, glucose and haemoglobin A1c. Blood pressure was recorded at baseline and during annual follow-up visits in the sitting position using electronic sphygmomanometer; two measurements were taken, 5 minutes apart and the mean of two was used for analyses. Results: In total, 16,287 participants were recruited at baseline (response rate=94.3%) and two year follow-up was completed in 12, 504 participants (response rate=79.2%). Hypertension (JNC-8) was prevalent in one of three men (30.1%, 95% CI: 28.7-31.5) and one of four women (26.8%, 95% CI: 25.7-27.9). Hypertension awareness, treatment and control was alarmingly low (Figure 1). One of six non-hypertensive adults at baseline developed hypertension (80.5 per 1000 person years, 95% CI: 76.3-85.0) over a two year period. Propensity to develop hypertension was higher in older age, men, participants from low socio-economic status, current alcohol users, individuals with overweight, pre-hypertension and dysglycemia. Conclusion: High incidence and poor awareness of hypertension in South Asian adult population warrants immediate policy attention.
Abstract 23237: Improvement in Quality of Care for Atrial Fibrillation in Get With The Guidelines - Atrial Fibrillation (GWTG-AFIB)
Authors: Jonathan P Piccini, Margueritte Cox, Gregg C Fonarow, Javed Butler, Anne B Curtis, Nihar Desai, Margaret Fang, Pamela J McCabe, Robert L Page, Mintu Turakhia, William R Lewis
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Recent quality improvement efforts to improve anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), like the nationwide PINNACLE registry, have had limited success in improving g...
Associations between RAD51D germline mutations and breast cancer risk and survival in BRCA1/2-negative breast cancers
Authors: X. Chen, Y. Li, T. Ouyang, J. Li, T. Wang, Z. Fan, T. Fan, B. Lin, Y. Xie
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

BackgroundRAD51D is involved in DNA double-strand break repair by homologous recombination and plays an important role in the maintenance of genomic stability. The associations between RAD51D germline mutations and breast cancer risk and survival are not fully elucidated.Patients and methodsRAD51D germline mutations were determined using a multigene panel in 7657 unselected breast cancer patients who were negative for BRCA1/2 germline mutations. The RAD51D recurrent mutation p.K91fs was screened in 7947 healthy controls by Sanger sequencing.ResultsA total of 29 cases (0.38%) carried deleterious RAD51D germline mutations among this cohort of 7657 unselected breast cancer patients. The RAD51D recurrent mutation p.K91fs was identified in 18 cases (0.24%) of these 7657 patients. In contrast, the p.K91fs mutation was found in 8 of 7947 healthy controls with a frequency of 0.10%. The RAD51D p.K91fs mutation was significantly associated with increased breast cancer risk in unselected breast cancer [odds ratio = 2.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–5.38; P= 0.040]. RAD51D mutation carriers were diagnosed at a younger age (P= 0.006) and were more likely to be triple-negative breast cancer (P= 0.003), estrogen receptor negative (P= 0.005) and high-grade cancers (P= 0.023) than noncarriers. Furthermore, RAD51D mutation carriers had a significantly worse recurrence-free survival [unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 3.00, 95% CI 1.56–5.80; P= 0.001] and distant recurrence-free survival (unadjusted HR = 2.54, 95% CI 1.14–5.67; P= 0.023) than noncarriers.ConclusionThe RAD51D recurrent mutation, p.K91fs, confers a moderately increased breast cancer risk, and RAD51D mutation carriers have an unfavorable survival compared with noncarriers.
Long‐Term Clinical Outcomes in a Cohort of Adults With Childhood‐Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: N. Groot, D. Shaikhani, Y. K. O. Teng, K. de Leeuw, M. Bijl, R. J. E. M. Dolhain, E. Zirkzee, R. Fritsch‐Stork, I. E. M. Bultink, S. Kamphuis
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2018)

Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe, lifelong, multisystem autoimmune disease. Long-term outcome data are limited. This study was undertaken to identify clinical characteristics and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of adults with childhood-onset SLE.
Abstract 14103: An Educational Intervention Improves Transition Behaviors and Knowledge Among Youth With Cardiac Disease
Authors: Andrew S Mackie, Sunjidatul Islam, Kathryn N Rankin, Yutaka Yasui, Joyce Magill-Evans, David Nicholas, Michelle Schuh, Brian W McCrindle, Gwen R Rempel
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Many adolescents living with congenital heart disease (CHD) have limited knowledge of their heart, impairing their potential to transition successfully from child-centred to adult-ori...
Abstract 16546: LCZ696, an Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor, Increases Nitric Oxide Bioavailability and Improves Vascular Function in Ischemic Heart Failure
Authors: Rishi K Trivedi, Zhen Li, David J Polhemus, Daniel Yoo, Hiroshi Koiwaya, Traci T Goodchild, David J Lefer
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: LCZ696 combines the ARB valsartan and the neprilysin inhibitor sacubitril. This combination was shown to improve cardiac function more than ACEi in patients leading to its approval for heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. Purpose: Endothelial and vascular dysfunction have been implicated in the progression of HF and are potential therapeutic targets. The effects of LCZ696 on nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and vascular function have not been studied. Methods: Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were subjected to 45 mins of left coronary artery ligation and reperfusion (Rep) for up to 12 wks. Daily oral therapy with vehicle, 31 mg/kg valsartan, or 68 mg/kg LCZ696 was initiated 4 wks post-Rep. Vasoreactivity responses of the thoracic aorta were assessed in vitro using acetylcholine (ACh, 0.1nM-10mM) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 0.1nM-10mM) following precontraction with phenylephrine (PE, 1μM). Circulating and myocardial NO bioavailability was determined by measuring p...