tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Transmission Heterogeneity Using Both Pathogen Phylogenies and Incidence Time Series
Authors: Lucy M. Li, Nicholas C. Grassly, Christophe Fraser
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2017)

Heterogeneity in individual-level transmissibility can be quantified by the dispersion parameter k of the offspring distribution. Quantifying heterogeneity is important as it affects other parameter estimates, it modulates the degree of unpredictability of an epidemic, and it needs to be accounted for in models of infection control. Aggregated data such as incidence time series are often not sufficiently informative to estimate k. Incorporating phylogenetic analysis can help to estimate k concurrently with other epidemiological parameters. We have developed an inference framework that uses particle Markov Chain Monte Carlo to estimate k and other epidemiological parameters using both incidence time series and the pathogen phylogeny. Using the framework to fit a modified compartmental transmission model that includes the parameter k to simulated data, we found that more accurate and less biased estimates of the reproductive number were obtained by combining epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses. However, k was most accurately estimated using pathogen phylogeny alone. Accurately estimating k was necessary for unbiased estimates of the reproductive number, but it did not affect the accuracy of reporting probability and epidemic start date estimates. We further demonstrated that inference was possible in the presence of phylogenetic uncertainty by sampling from the posterior distribution of phylogenies. Finally, we used the inference framework to estimate transmission parameters from epidemiological and genetic data collected during a poliovirus outbreak. Despite the large degree of phylogenetic uncertainty, we demonstrated that incorporating phylogenetic data in parameter inference improved the accuracy and precision of estimates.
Abstract 315: Coenzyme Q <sub>10</sub> Protects Against Diabetes-Induced Diastolic Dysfunction and Adverse Cardiac Remodeling in a Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Karina Huynh, Helen Kiriazis, Xiao-Jun Du, Jane E Love, Karin Jandeleit-Dahm, Julie R McMullen, Rebecca H Ritchie
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Diastolic dysfunction is often the earliest manifestation of diabetic cardiomyopathy, usually accompanied by adverse cardiac remodeling and increased oxidative stress. We tested the hypothesis that administration of Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ) attenuates type 1 diabetes-induced left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and remodeling. Further, we aimed to compare the efficacy of CoQ to the ACEI, ramipril. Male 6-week old mice received either streptozotocin (STZ, 55mg/kg/day for 5 days) to induce diabetes, or citrate buffer. After 4 weeks, mice were treated with either CoQ dissolved in olive oil (10mg/kg/day), olive oil alone, ramipril (3mg/kg/day) or left untreated for 8 weeks (n=11-14/group). Diabetic mice had increased blood glucose levels compared with non-diabetic controls. Superoxide (O 2 - ) production was enhanced in untreated diabetic mice, and attenuated with CoQ treatment. Diastolic function was impaired in diabetic mice, on Doppler echocardiography (E/A ratio, deceleration time DT) and catheterization (LV end diastolic pressure EDP and LV-dP/dt). Administration of CoQ ameliorated diastolic dysfunction on E/A ratio, DT and LVEDP in diabetic mice, with a similar trend on LV-dP/dt. Although DT and LVEDP were improved with ramipril treatment, E/A ratio was not. Diabetic mice also exhibited cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (H&amp;E staining), cardiac fibrosis (Sirius red staining) and increased apoptosis. Both CoQ and ramipril reduced these markers of adverse LV remodeling. In conclusion, these data suggest that both CoQ and ramipril can attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy. Addition of CoQ to standard care may offer improved treatment of diastolic dysfunction in diabetic patients.
Next Generation Sequencing Is a Useful Tool for the Diagnosis of Congenital/Idiopathic Erythrocytoses
Authors: Francois Girodon, Fabrice Airaud, Garrec Céline, Pacault Mathilde, Dumont Solenne, Ricordeau Ingrid, Bézieau Stéphane, Betty Gardie
Journal: Blood (2016)
Magnetic Resonance in Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Ana Martinez-Naharro, Thomas A. Treibel, Amna Abdel-Gadir, Heerajnarain Bulluck, Giulia Zumbo, Daniel S. Knight, Tushar Kotecha, Rohin Francis, David F. Hutt, Tamer Rezk, Stefania Rosmini, Candida C. Quarta, Carol J. Whelan, Peter Kellman, Julian D. Gillmore, James C. Moon, Philip N. Hawkins, Marianna Fontana
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Accuracy of the ECG for differential diagnosis between hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and athlete’s heart: comparison between the European Society of Cardiology (2010) and International (2017) criteria
Authors: Alessandro Zorzi, Chiara Calore, Riccardo Vio, Antonio Pelliccia, Domenico Corrado
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Interpretation of the athlete's ECG is based on differentiation between benign ECG changes and potentially pathological abnormalities. The aim of the study was to compare the 2010 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the 2017 International criteria for differential diagnosis between hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and athlete's heart.The study populations included 200 patients with HCM and 563 athletes grouped as follows: 'group 1', including normal ECG and isolated increase of QRS voltages, which are considered non-pathologic according to ESC and International criteria; 'group 2', including left atrial enlargement or left axis deviation in isolation and Q-waves with an amplitude ≥4 mm but <25% of the ensuing R-wave and a duration <0.04 s which are considered pathologic according to the ESC but not according to the International criteria; and 'group 3', including abnormalities which are considered pathologic according to ESC and International criteria.Overall, the 2010 ESC criteria showed a sensitivity of 95.5% and a specificity of 86.9%. Considering group 2 ECG changes as normal according to the International criteria led to a statistically significant (p<0.001) increase of specificity to 95.9%, associated with a non-significant (p=0.47) reduction of sensitivity to 93%. Among patients with HCM, there was a significant increase of maximal left ventricular wall thickness from group 1 to 3 (p=0.02).The use of 2017 International criteria is associated with a substantial increase in specificity and a marginal decrease in sensitivity for differential diagnosis between HCM and athlete's heart.
Safety and efficacy of nivolumab for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC): Real world data from an Italian expanded access program (EAP).
Authors: Ugo De Giorgi, Sarah Scagliarini, Umberto Basso, Luca Galli, Claudia Mosillo, Claudia Caserta, Sabrina Rossetti, Annalisa Guida, Alessandra Bearz, Sebastiano Buti, Giovanni Lo Re, Francesca Valcamonico, Alketa Hamzaj, Francesco Cognetti, Francesca Rastelli, Giuseppe Fornarini, Camillo Porta, Gabriella Del Bene, Daniele Turci, Giuseppe Procopio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

4577 Background: Nivolumab showed a survival benefit in a randomised phase III trial in pre-treated mRCC. The EAP provided the opportunity to treat patients (pts) in real world clinical practice before market availability of the drug clinical practice. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the safety and activity of nivolumab in a real world setting. Methods: Nivolumab was available upon physician request for pts aged ≥18 years who had relapsed after a minimum of one prior systemic treatment for mRCC. Nivolumab 3 mg/kg was administered intravenously every 2 weeks. Pts included in the analysis had received ≥ 1 dose of nivolumab and were monitored for adverse events using CTCAE v.4.0. Results: Totally, 389 pts were enrolled in the EAP across 95 Italian sites, median age was 65 years (range, 34-85) with 70 (18%) aged ≥ 75 yrs. Pts had a clear-cell RCC in 92% of cases, bone metastases in 50% and brain metastases in 8%, and received more than one previous line in 79% of cases. At the time of this analysis, median number of doses received was 10 (1-31) and 82 (21%) pts were treated beyond progression. Among 389 pts, 18 pts (5%) discontinued treatment due to AE. The best overall response rate was 17% including one complete and 66 partial responses, whereas 121 (31%) had stable disease. With a median follow-up of 7 months (range, 1 to 16), 6-month and 9-month survival rates were 83% and 77%, respectively. Response and survival rates were comparable among pts regardless age, presence of brain or bone metastases and number of prior therapies. Conclusions: This EAP represents the most extensive reported real-world experience with nivolumab in pre-treated RCC pts. These first data seem to confirm efficacy and safety data of the pivotal trial in a real world setting. Results in patient populations poorly (elderly or bone metastases) or not represented at all (brain metastases) in the pivotal trial encourage the use of nivolumab in these subgroups of RCC pts.
Over 200 general practices closed or merged in England last year
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2017)

More than 200 GP surgeries in England have closed or merged in the past year, figures from NHS Digital have shown.1

Some 202 general practices closed or merged from 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2017, and eight practices opened in the same period. The BMA warned that the figures were just “the tip of the iceberg” and that many more practices were at risk of closure because of rising demand, workforce shortages, and financial pressure.

The closures and mergers were spread throughout the country, as almost half (98) of England’s 207 clinical commissioning groups saw at least one …
Racial differences in outcomes of triple-negative breast cancer.
Authors: Jose Pacheco, Feng Gao, Caroline Bumb, Matthew J. Ellis, Cynthia X. Ma
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

1048 Background: The incidence and mortality of breast cancer can differ significantly among racial and ethnic groups. African American (AA) women have a lower incidence of breast cancer, but higher mortality compared to other racial groups. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC: negative for the expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2), which is an aggressive type of breast cancer, occurs more frequently in AA women. The few studies addressing whether racial differences exist in the outcomes of patients with TNBC have yielded inconsistent results. Methods: The Washington University Medical Oncology Database captures the clinical information for all new patients (pts) seen at the Breast Oncology Clinic. Most of these pts reside in the St. Louis metropolitan area. Using this database, we performed a retrospective analysis to examine the association of race with the clinical presentation and outcome of TNBC in this geographically defined patient population. Results: Between May 2006 and March 2011, 506 pts with TNBC were entered in the database. Analysis was done on 499 patients for whom follow up data is available. The median follow up (F/U) time was 24.5 months and the median age at diagnosis was 53 (24 to 98) years. Thirty percent of pts were AA. Only 5% presented with stage IV at diagnosis and the majority of tumors (86%) were high grade. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered in 151 pts, 22% of whom achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR). There was no significant difference between races in the age of diagnosis, F/U time, tumor stage, grade, frequency of receiving neo/adjuvant chemotherapy and pCR rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. There was no difference in disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) between AA and other racial groups by either univariate or multivariate analysis that took into account tumor stage, grade, patient age and menopausal status. The HR for OS was 1.154 (CI 0.772 – 1.725, p value 0.4860) and for DFS it was 0.947 (CI 0.650 – 1.380, p value 0.7764) in AA compared to other races. In the 92 pts who recurred, there was no racial difference in time from recurrence to death. Conclusions: Race does not significantly affect the clinical presentation or outcome of TNBC in the St. Louis metropolitan area.
Guideline-Based Statin Eligibility, Cancer Events, and Noncardiovascular Mortality in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Amit Pursnani, Joseph M. Massaro, Ralph B. D’Agostino, Christopher J. O'Donnell, Udo Hoffmann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

Purpose Cancer and cardiovascular disease share risk factors, and there is some evidence that statins reduce cancer mortality. We sought to determine the accuracy of the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association statin eligibility criteria to identify individuals at a higher risk of developing cancer or of dying as a result of cancer or other noncardiovascular causes. Methods We included 2,196 participants (50.5 ± 8.1 years of age; 55% female) who were statin naïve and free of cancer at baseline from the offspring and third-generation cohorts of the community-based longitudinal Framingham Heart Study. Statin eligibility was determined per American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines, and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis was assessed by computed tomography. The primary outcome was incident cancer at a median of 10.0 years (interquartile range, 9.1-10.6 years) of follow-up, and secondary outcomes were cancer mortality and noncardiovascular mortality. Results The incident cancer rate was 11.2% (247 of 2,196), with 58 noncardiovascular deaths, including 39 cancer deaths (1.8%). Overall, 37% (812 of 2,196) were statin eligible. Incident cancer occurred in 125 (15%) of the 812 statin-eligible participants versus 122 (8.8%) of the 1,384 of noneligible participants (subdistribution hazard ratio [SDHR], 1.8 [1.4 to 2.3]; P < .001). Cancer mortality occurred in 34 (4.2%) of the 812 statin-eligible participants versus five (0.4%) of the 1,384 noneligible participants (SDHR, 12.1 [4.7 to 31]; P < .001). Noncardiovascular mortality occurred in 49 (6.0%) of the 812 statin-eligible participants versus nine (0.7%) of the 1,384 noneligible participants (SDHR, 10.1 [5.0 to 21]; P < .001). In stratified analyses, these findings were independent of any individual causative risk factor such as body mass index, age, or smoking status. Conclusion In this community-based primary prevention cohort, guideline-based statin eligibility accurately identified patients at a higher risk of developing cancer and cancer-related mortality. Shared risk profiles and potential benefits of statins between cancer and cardiovascular outcomes may provide a unique opportunity to improve population health.
Recommendations for the Management of Rare Kidney Cancers
Authors: Rachel H. Giles, Toni K. Choueiri, Daniel Y. Heng, Laurence Albiges, James J. Hsieh, W. Marston Linehan, Sumanta Pal, Deborah Maskens, Bill Paseman, Eric Jonasch, Gabriel Malouf, Ana M. Molina, Lisa Pickering, Brian Shuch, Sandy Srinivas, Ramaprasad Srinivasan, Nizar M. Tannir, Axel Bex
Journal: European Urology (2017)
A Unique Program to Incorporate Volunteers Into a Nationwide Emergency Medical System—Reply
Authors: Eric Goralnick, Frank Van Trimpont, Pierre Carli
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Electrocardiograms in Low-Risk Patients Undergoing an Annual Health Examination
Authors: R. Sacha Bhatia, Zachary Bouck, Noah M. Ivers, Graham Mecredy, Jasjit Singh, Ciara Pendrith, Dennis T. Ko, Danielle Martin, Harindra C. Wijeysundera, Jack V. Tu, Lynn Wilson, Kimberly Wintemute, Paul Dorian, Joshua Tepper, Peter C. Austin, Richard H. Glazier, Wendy Levinson
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

Clinical guidelines advise against routine electrocardiograms (ECG) in low-risk, asymptomatic patients, but the frequency and impact of such ECGs are unknown.
The Association Between Vasectomy and Prostate Cancer
Authors: Bimal Bhindi, Christopher J. D. Wallis, Madhur Nayan, Ann M. Farrell, Landon W. Trost, Robert J. Hamilton, Girish S. Kulkarni, Antonio Finelli, Neil E. Fleshner, Stephen A. Boorjian, R. Jeffrey Karnes
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

Despite 3 decades of study, there remains ongoing debate regarding whether vasectomy is associated with prostate cancer.To determine if vasectomy is associated with prostate cancer.The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched for studies indexed from database inception to March 21, 2017, without language restriction.Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies reporting relative effect estimates for the association between vasectomy and prostate cancer were included.Two investigators performed study selection independently. Data were pooled separately by study design type using random-effects models. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess risk of bias.The primary outcome was any diagnosis of prostate cancer. Secondary outcomes were high-grade, advanced, and fatal prostate cancer.Fifty-three studies (16 cohort studies including 2 563 519 participants, 33 case-control studies including 44 536 participants, and 4 cross-sectional studies including 12 098 221 participants) were included. Of these, 7 cohort studies (44%), 26 case-control studies (79%), and all 4 cross-sectional studies were deemed to have a moderate to high risk of bias. Among studies deemed to have a low risk of bias, a weak association was found among cohort studies (7 studies; adjusted rate ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.09; P < .001; I2 = 9%) and a similar but nonsignificant association was found among case-control studies (6 studies; adjusted odds ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.88-1.29; P = .54; I2 = 37%). Effect estimates were further from the null when studies with a moderate to high risk of bias were included. Associations between vasectomy and high-grade prostate cancer (6 studies; adjusted rate ratio, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.89-1.21; P = .67; I2 = 55%), advanced prostate cancer (6 studies; adjusted rate ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.98-1.20; P = .11; I2 = 18%), and fatal prostate cancer (5 studies; adjusted rate ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.92-1.14; P = .68; I2 = 26%) were not significant (all cohort studies). Based on these data, a 0.6% (95% CI, 0.3%-1.2%) absolute increase in lifetime risk of prostate cancer associated with vasectomy and a population-attributable fraction of 0.5% (95% CI, 0.2%-0.9%) were calculated.This review found no association between vasectomy and high-grade, advanced-stage, or fatal prostate cancer. There was a weak association between vasectomy and any prostate cancer that was closer to the null with increasingly robust study design. This association is unlikely to be causal and should not preclude the use of vasectomy as a long-term contraceptive option.
Vaginal Fetal Fibronectin to Predict Spontaneous Preterm Birth
Authors: Edward Evantash
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Bottom-up assembly of salivary gland microtissues for assessing myoepithelial cell function
Authors: Tugba Ozdemir, Padma Pradeepa Srinivasan, Daniel R. Zakheim, Daniel A. Harrington, Robert L. Witt, Mary C. Farach-Carson, Xinqiao Jia, Swati Pradhan-Bhatt
Journal: Biomaterials (2017)