tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Consumer Preferences, Product Characteristics, and Potentially Allergenic Ingredients in Best-selling Moisturizers
Authors: Shuai Xu, Michael Kwa, Mary E. Lohman, Rachel Evers-Meltzer, Jonathan I. Silverberg
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2017)

Because moisturizer use is critical for the prevention and treatment of numerous dermatological conditions, patients frequently request product recommendations from dermatologists.To determine the product performance characteristics and ingredients of best-selling moisturizers.This cohort study involved publicly available data of the top 100 best-selling whole-body moisturizing products at 3 major online retailers (Amazon, Target, and Walmart). Products marketed for use on a specific body part (eg, face, hands, eyelids) were excluded.Pairwise comparisons of median price per ounce on the basis of marketing claims (eg, dermatologist recommended, fragrance free, hypoallergenic) and presence of ingredients represented in the North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) series were conducted using Wilcoxon rank sum tests. The effect of vehicle type (eg, ointment, lotion, cream, butter) was assessed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Cross-reactors and botanicals for fragrances were derived from the American Contact Dermatitis Society's Contact Allergen Management Program database.A total of 174 unique best-selling moisturizer products were identified, constituting 109 713 reviews as of August 2016. The median price per ounce was $0.59 (range, $0.10-$9.51 per ounce) with a wide range (9400%). The most popular vehicles were lotions (102 [59%]), followed by creams (22 [13%]), oils (21 [12%]), butters (14 [8%]), and ointments (3 [2%]). Only 12% (n = 21) of best-selling moisturizer products were free of NACDG allergens. The 3 most common allergens were fragrance mix (n = 87), paraben mix (n = 75), and tocopherol (n = 74). Products with the claim "dermatologist recommended" had higher median price per ounce ($0.79; interquartile range [IQR], $0.56-$1.27) than products without the claim ($0.59; IQR, $0.34-$0.92). Products with the claim "phthalate free" had higher median price per ounce ($1.38; IQR, $0.86-$1.63) than products without the claim ($0.59; IQR, $0.35-$0.91). Lotions (median, $0.49; IQR, $0.31-0.68) were statistically less expensive per ounce than butters (median, $1.20; IQR, $0.76-$1.63), creams (median, $0.80; IQR, $0.69-$1.25) and oils (median, $1.30; IQR, $0.64-$2.43). For products with a claim of "fragrance free," 18 (45%) had at least 1 fragrance cross-reactor or botanical ingredient. Products without any ingredients in the NACDG (median, $0.83; IQR, $0.47-$1.69) were not statistically more expensive per ounce than products with 1 or more allergens (median, $0.60; IQR, $0.35-$1.06).Best-selling moisturizers vary widely by price and product characteristics. Given the lack of readily available comparison data on moisturizer efficacy, dermatologists should balance consumer preference, price, and allergenicity in their recommendations.
Allergic Fcε<scp>RI</scp>‐ and pseudo‐allergic <scp>MRGPRX</scp>2‐triggered mast cell activation routes are independent and inversely regulated by <scp>SCF</scp>
Authors: M. Babina, S. Guhl, M. Artuc, T. Zuberbier
Journal: Allergy (2017)

Abstract While allergic mast cell ( MC ) degranulation occurs by Fcε RI aggregation and varies in strength among subjects, the analogous pseudo‐allergic route was recently uncovered to proceed via MRGPRX 2. Here, we examine interindividual variability in skin MC responses to Fcε RI triggering vs those evoked by MRGPRX 2. While population‐based variability is comparable between the routes, Fcε RI ‐ and MRGPRX 2‐stimulated pathways are completely independent from each other, and responsiveness to one has therefore no predictive value for the other. Conversely, degranulation triggered by compound 48/80 is highly correlated to the process elicited by substance P. MRGPRX 2 mRNA shows pronounced population‐based variability (coefficient of variation 102.9%). Surprisingly, stem cell factor ( SCF ) as the MC ‐supportive mediator par excellence potently inhibits pseudo‐allergic degranulation, while it simultaneously promotes allergic stimulation via Fcε RI . We conclude that SCF can have selective MC ‐dampening functions. Clinically, the data imply that subjects highly reactive in one pathway are not automatically hyper‐responsive in terms of the alternative route.
Effect of long non-coding RNA EIF3J-AS1 on multi-drug resistance and autophagy in gastric cancer.
Authors: Yuhao Luo, Rui Zhou, Na Huang, Li Sun, Wangjun Liao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e15581 Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide, oxaliplatin and epirubicin based chemotherapy are one of the most important treatment options for GC patients. However, drug resistance, especially multi-drug resistance remains a major obstacle for successful chemotherapy. Recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been widely identified to play emerging roles in diverse physiological and pathophysiological processes including drug resistance. Our previous bioinformatics analysis showed long non-coding RNA EIF3J-AS1 was a potential multi-drug resistance gene, but the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Methods: We generated oxaliplatin resistance cells (MGC803/OXA) and epirubicin resistance cells(MGC803/EPI) based on parental gastric cancer cells MGC803. Relative expression levels of EIF3J-AS1 were measured by qRT-PCR. Transmission electron microscopy was used to measure autophagosomes. Rapamycin was applied to inducing autophagy while chloroquine and 3-methyladenine were used to block autophagy. Protein level of autophagy related genes were examined by Western Blot. Coexpression genes of EIF3J-AS1 from TCGA RNA-seq datas were analyzed by cBiportal. RNA immunoprecipitation was used to analyze endogenous microRNAs and mRNAs. Results: EIF3J-AS1 was significantly upregulated in MGC803/OXA and MGC803/EPI cells compared with parental cells MGC803. EIF3J-AS1 inhibition increased chemosensitivity to both oxaliplatin and epirubicin. Moreover, EIF3J-AS1 silence lead to the decrease of autophagy. Autophagy related gene ATG14 was identified as a downstream target gene. EIF3J-AS1 promoted ATG14 expression by directly interacting with and increasing stability of ATG14 mRNA, On the other hand, EIF3J-AS1 competitively sponged miR-188-3p and promoted ATG14 expression in a ceRNA-dependent way. Conclusions: LncRNA EIF3J-AS1 is a crucial regulator of multi-drug resistance by inducing autophagy in gastric cancer. Targeting EIF3J-AS1/ATG14 axis might be a new paradigm for cancer therapeutics.
Protein recoding by ADAR1-mediated RNA editing is not essential for normal development and homeostasis
Authors: Jacki E. Heraud-Farlow, Alistair M. Chalk, Sandra E. Linder, Qin Li, Scott Taylor, Joshua M. White, Lokman Pang, Brian J. Liddicoat, Ankita Gupte, Jin Billy Li, Carl R. Walkley
Journal: Genome biology (2017)

Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing of dsRNA by ADAR proteins is a pervasive epitranscriptome feature. Tens of thousands of A-to-I editing events are defined in the mouse, yet the functional impact of most is unknown. Editing causing protein recoding is the essential function of ADAR2, but an essential role for recoding by ADAR1 has not been demonstrated. ADAR1 has been proposed to have editing-dependent and editing-independent functions. The relative contribution of these in vivo has not been clearly defined. A critical function of ADAR1 is editing of endogenous RNA to prevent activation of the dsRNA sensor MDA5 (Ifih1). Outside of this, how ADAR1 editing contributes to normal development and homeostasis is uncertain. We describe the consequences of ADAR1 editing deficiency on murine homeostasis. Adar1 E861A/E861A Ifih1 -/- mice are strikingly normal, including their lifespan. There is a mild, non-pathogenic innate immune activation signature in the Adar1 E861A/E861A Ifih1 -/- mice. Assessing A-to-I editing across adult tissues demonstrates that outside of the brain, ADAR1 performs the majority of editing and that ADAR2 cannot compensate in its absence. Direct comparison of the Adar1 -/- and Adar1 E861A/E861A alleles demonstrates a high degree of concordance on both Ifih1 +/+ and Ifih1 -/- backgrounds, suggesting no substantial contribution from ADAR1 editing-independent functions. These analyses demonstrate that the lifetime absence of ADAR1-editing is well tolerated in the absence of MDA5. We conclude that protein recoding arising from ADAR1-mediated editing is not essential for organismal homeostasis. Additionally, the phenotypes associated with loss of ADAR1 are the result of RNA editing and MDA5-dependent functions.
The Evolving Future of Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio and Fractional Flow Reserve
Authors: Matthias Götberg, Christopher M. Cook, Sayan Sen, Sukhjinder Nijjer, Javier Escaned, Justin E. Davies
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)

In this review, the authors reflect upon the role of coronary physiology in the modern management of coronary artery disease. They critically appraise the scientific background of the instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) and fractional flow reserve (FFR), from early experimental studies to validation studies against indexes of ischemia, to clinical trials assessing outcome. At this important juncture for the field, the authors make predictions for the future of physiological stenosis assessment, outlining developments for both iFR and FFR in new clinical domains beyond the confines of stable angina. With a focus on the evolving future of iFR and FFR, the authors describe how physiological assessment with iFR may advance its application from simply justifying to guiding revascularization.
Hybrid SPECT/CT Helps Characterization and Localization of a Dual Thyroid Ectopia
Authors: Yasser Abdelhafez, Maha Khalil, Esraa Roshdy, Waleed A. Diab, Lobna Eltoni
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2017)

The presence of ectopic thyroid tissue in 2 or more different sites is rare. A 12-year-old girl presented with midline anterior neck swelling in the infrahyoid region with subclinical hypothyroidism. Thyroid scanning with Tc-pertechnetate was performed, and SPECT/CT was ordered for further evaluation. Two hyperdense lesions demonstrating intense radiotracer uptake were seen in the midline at the base of the tongue and infrahyoid neck. We emphasis the role of hybrid SPECT/CT for characterization and localization of suspected ectopic thyroid tissue.
The Characteristics and Mechanisms of Very Late Recurrence after Catheter Ablation of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Nakajima Jun, Takahashi Atsushi, Nakagama Shun, Nakamura Shun, Hayasaka Kazuto, Misawa Toru, Mizusawa Masafumi, Yamakami Yosuke, Sagawa Yuichirou, Kojima Keisuke, Hishikari Keiichi, Yamao Kazuya, Nakashima Emiko, Tanaka Yasuaki, Ohkubo Kenji, Kimura Shigeki, Takagi Katsumasa, Kuwahara Taishi, Hikita Hiroyuki, Hirao Kenzo, Isobe Mitsuaki
Journal: Circulation (2016)
Azacitidine Use in the Real World Does Not Replicate AZA-001 Results in Higher Risk MDS/Low Blast Count AML: An Audit of 1101 Patients in the Cancer Care Ontario Registry
Authors: Lee Mozessohn, Matthew C. Cheung, Saber Fallahpour, Tripat Gill, Asmaa Maloul, Liying Zhang, Olivia Lau, Rena Buckstein
Journal: Blood (2016)
AB0175 Obesity is a risk factor for osteoporosis and vertebral hyperostosis
Authors: C Kiss, M Szilagyi, E Lanyi, A Paksy, L Halmi, GY Poor
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> Connexion of obesity to osteoporosis (bone mineral density, BMD) and hyperostosis of the spine is not yet fully elucidated. <h3>Objectives</h3> Their aim was to evaluate the connexion of osteoporosis (BMD of the spine and femur) and hyperostosis to obesity in a case-control study. <h3>Methods</h3> The cases were 101 obese (BMI over 30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and controls were 101 non-obese (BMI 18,5–24,9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) subjects matched by age and sex over the age of 50 years. There was not significant difference between cases and controls regarding the other main risk factors for osteoporosis (time spent from menopause, diabetes, hyperthyreoidism, alcohol and coffee intake, smoking, drugs causing osteoporosis). All probands in the case-control study were examined by radiographic investigation, vertebral morphometry, densitometry and by interviewer administered questionnaire. Radiographs were taken according to standardised protocol and hyperostosis was classified using Resnick criteria. Vertebral deformity was diagnosed with the McClosky-Kanis algorithm. Bone mineral density was measured by DEXA. <h3>Results</h3> In the case-control study obesity was significantly associated with hyperostosis of the spine (p?0,05) with higher mean values of bone mineral density of the femoral neck (p?0,000), trochanter (p ?0,000), and lumbar spine p?0,014). <h3>Conclusion</h3> According to their result obesity was associated with hyperostosis of the spine and with higher bone mineral density but not with fractures and osteoporosis in the past history.
前立腺癌の増殖と転移を阻害するための標的化ヒドロキシエチル澱粉プロドラッグ【Powered by NICT】
Authors: Zhao Kaidong, Li Di, Xu Weiguo, Ding Jianxun, Jiang Weiqian, Li Mingqiang, Wang Chunxi, Chen Xuesi
Journal: Biomaterials (2017)
ベッドサイド解決策プログラム(アカデミック・サイエンス・ユニット)と日本バイオデザインプログラム―医療技術革新のための病院と医療専門家―
Authors: Nakagawa Atsuhiro, Ikeda Koji, Tominaga Teiji, Shimokawa Hiroaki
Journal: Circulation (2016)
Dissecting hematopoietic and renal cell heterogeneity in adult zebrafish at single-cell resolution using RNA sequencing
Authors: Qin Tang, Sowmya Iyer, Riadh Lobbardi, John C. Moore, Huidong Chen, Caleb Lareau, Christine Hebert, McKenzie L. Shaw, Cyril Neftel, Mario L. Suva, Craig J. Ceol, Andre Bernards, Martin Aryee, Luca Pinello, Iain A. Drummond, David M. Langenau
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2017)

Recent advances in single-cell, transcriptomic profiling have provided unprecedented access to investigate cell heterogeneity during tissue and organ development. In this study, we used massively parallel, single-cell RNA sequencing to define cell heterogeneity within the zebrafish kidney marrow, constructing a comprehensive molecular atlas of definitive hematopoiesis and functionally distinct renal cells found in adult zebrafish. Because our method analyzed blood and kidney cells in an unbiased manner, our approach was useful in characterizing immune-cell deficiencies within DNA-protein kinase catalytic subunit (prkdc), interleukin-2 receptor γ a (il2rga), and double-homozygous-mutant fish, identifying blood cell losses in T, B, and natural killer cells within specific genetic mutants. Our analysis also uncovered novel cell types, including two classes of natural killer immune cells, classically defined and erythroid-primed hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, mucin-secreting kidney cells, and kidney stem/progenitor cells. In total, our work provides the first, comprehensive, single-cell, transcriptomic analysis of kidney and marrow cells in the adult zebrafish.
冠動脈疾患関連遺伝子産物のJCAD/KIAA1462の攪乱はin vitro及びin vivoで血管新生過程を阻害する
Authors: Hara Tetsuya, Monguchi Tomoko, Akashi Masaya, Mori Kenta, Iwamoto Noriko, Toh Ryuji, Irino Yasuhiro, Shinohara Masakazu, Furuse Mikio, Ishida Tatsuro, Hirata Ken‐Ichi
Journal: Circulation (2016)
Sparse conserved under-methylated CpGs are associated with high-order chromatin structure
Authors: Xueqiu Lin, Jianzhong Su, Kaifu Chen, Benjamin Rodriguez, Wei Li
Journal: Genome biology (2017)

Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) is the gold standard for studying landscape DNA methylation. Current computational methods for WGBS are mainly designed for gene regulatory regions with multiple under-methylated CpGs (UMCs), such as promoters and enhancers. To reliably predict the functional importance of single isolated UMCs across the genome, which is usually not achievable using traditional methods, we develop a multi-sample-based method. We identified 9421 sparse conserved under-methylated CpGs (scUMCs) from 31 high-quality methylomes, which are enriched in distal interacting anchor regions co-occupied by multiple chromatin-loop factors and are flanked by highly methylated CpGs. Moreover, cell lineage-specific scUMCs are associated with essential developmental genes, regulators of cell differentiation, and chromatin remodeling enzymes. Dynamic methylation levels of scUMCs correlate with the intensity of chromatin interactions and binding of looping factors as well as patterns of gene expression. We introduce an innovative computational method for the identification of scUMCs, which are novel epigenetic features associated with high-order chromatin structure, opening new directions in the study of the inter-relationships between DNA methylation and chromatin structure.
英国医学杂志（BMJ）中文版10周年大事记
Authors: 李力
Journal: BMJ (2008)

1995年-4月中华医学会与英国医学会签定出版《英国医学杂志中文版》的合作协议。1998年-3月获国家批准出版Ⅸ英国医学杂志中文版》；3月编辑部成立并开始工作；3月确定翻译及审校标准；5月第一届编委会成立并召开第一次编委会会议，随后，在京编委的选稿讨论会成为常规；5月英国医学杂志出版集团常务董事长Stella Dutton等来访；
Chemotaxis of Vδ2 T cells to the joints contributes to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Wen-Xiu Mo, Shan-Shan Yin, Hua Chen, Chen Zhou, Jia-Xin Zhou, Li-Dan Zhao, Yun-Yun Fei, Hua-Xia Yang, Jing-Bo Guo, Yu-Jia Mao, Lin-Fang Huang, Wen-Jie Zheng, Wen Zhang, Jian-Min Zhang, Wei He, Xuan Zhang
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

To explore the role of Vδ2 T cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Phase III Trial of Ipilimumab Combined With Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in Advanced Squamous Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ramaswamy Govindan, Aleksandra Szczesna, Myung-Ju Ahn, Claus-Peter Schneider, Pablo Fernando Gonzalez Mella, Fabrice Barlesi, Baohui Han, Doina Elena Ganea, Joachim Von Pawel, Vladimir Vladimirov, Natalia Fadeeva, Ki Hyeong Lee, Takayasu Kurata, Li Zhang, Tomohide Tamura, Pieter E. Postmus, Jacek Jassem, Kenneth O’Byrne, Justin Kopit, Mingshun Li, Marina Tschaika, Martin Reck
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

Purpose Patients with squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have poor prognosis and limited treatment options. This randomized, double-blind, phase III study investigated the efficacy and safety of first-line ipilimumab or placebo plus paclitaxel and carboplatin in advanced squamous NSCLC. Patients and Methods Patients with stage IV or recurrent chemotherapy-naïve squamous NSCLC were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive paclitaxel and carboplatin plus blinded ipilimumab 10 mg/kg or placebo every 3 weeks on a phased induction schedule comprising six chemotherapy cycles, with ipilimumab or placebo from cycles 3 to 6 and then, after induction treatment, ipilimumab or placebo maintenance every 12 weeks for patients with stable disease or better. The primary end point was overall survival (OS) in patients receiving at least one dose of blinded study therapy. Results Of 956 randomly assigned patients, 749 received at least one dose of blinded study therapy (chemotherapy plus ipilimumab, n = 388; chemotherapy plus placebo, n = 361). Median OS was 13.4 months for chemotherapy plus ipilimumab and 12.4 months for chemotherapy plus placebo (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.77 to 1.07; P = .25). Median progression-free survival was 5.6 months for both groups (hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.01). Rates of grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), any-grade serious TRAEs, and TRAEs leading to discontinuation were numerically higher with chemotherapy plus ipilimumab (51%, 33%, and 28%, respectively) than with chemotherapy plus placebo (35%, 10%, and 7%, respectively). Seven treatment-related deaths occurred with chemotherapy plus ipilimumab, and one occurred with chemotherapy plus placebo. Conclusion The addition of ipilimumab to first-line chemotherapy did not prolong OS compared with chemotherapy alone in patients with advanced squamous NSCLC. The safety profile of chemotherapy plus ipilimumab was consistent with that observed in previous lung and melanoma studies. Ongoing studies are evaluating ipilimumab in combination with nivolumab in this population.
Junior doctors are threatened with GMC referral for refusing locum work
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Some NHS trusts are being too heavy handed in enforcing the new junior doctor contract, the BMA has warned, after juniors at one trust were found to have been threatened with referral to the General Medical Council for refusing to take on locum work.

Jeeves Wijesuriya, chair of the BMA’s junior doctors committee, told The BMJ that several trusts around the country had been “misinterpreting” a clause in the new junior doctor contract requiring trainees to initially offer the spare hours they wish to work as a locum to an NHS staff bank.1

Wijesuriya said that he had recently asked University Hospitals Birmingham NHS trust to …
Abnormalities on computed tomography of the pancreas
Authors: Lin-Hai Yan, Li Li, Jian-Si Chen
Journal: BMJ (2017)

A 35 year old man described 16 kg weight loss over the past six months, low mood, and poor appetite. He was concerned that he might have cancer. He reported that he smoked 10 cigarettes per day. He had been a carrier of hepatitis B virus for 10 years, and had been taking entecavir for three years although not consistently. Before the age of 28, he drank 500 ml of high concentration spirits daily until an episode of acute pancreatitis five years ago, and had not drunk alcohol since. Physical examination revealed mild abdominal tenderness. In laboratory tests, serum lipase was 65 U/L (normal level 60 U/L), aspartate amino transferase was 380 U/L (normal range 0-40 U/L), amino alanine transferase was 210 U/L (0-40 U/L), and fasting blood glucose was 4.72 mmol/L (3.82-6.11 mmol/L). A …
Avian Genomes Revisited: Hidden Genes Uncovered and the Rates versus Traits Paradox in Birds
Authors: Fidel Botero-Castro, Emeric Figuet, Marie-Ka Tilak, Benoit Nabholz, Nicolas Galtier
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2017)

According to current assemblies, avian genomes differ from those of the other lineages of amniotes in 1) containing a lower number of genes; 2) displaying a high stability of karyotype and recombination map; and 3) lacking any correlation between evolutionary rates (dN/dS) and life-history traits, unlike mammals and nonavian reptiles. We question the reality of the bird missing genes and investigate whether insufficient representation of bird gene content might have biased previous evolutionary analyses. Mining RNAseq data, we show that the vast majority of the genes missing from avian genome assemblies are actually present in most species of birds. These mainly correspond to the GC-rich fraction of the bird genome, which is the most difficult to sequence, assemble and annotate. With the inclusion of these genes in a phylogenomic analysis of high-quality alignments, we uncover a positive and significant correlation between the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rate (dN/dS) and life-history traits in Neoaves. We report a strong effect of GC-biased gene conversion on the dN/dS ratio in birds and a peculiar behavior of Palaeognathae (ostrich and allies) and Galloanserae (chickens, ducks and allies). Avian genomes do not contain fewer genes than mammals or nonavian reptiles. Previous analyses have overlooked ∼15% of the bird gene complement. GC-rich regions, which are the most difficult to access, are a key component of amniote genomes. They experience peculiar molecular processes and must be included for unbiased functional and comparative genomic analyses in birds.