tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Resistencia antimicrobiana en el sudeste mediterraneo – resultados preliminares del proyecto ARMed
Authors: M A Borg, E Scicluna, M De Kraker, N Van de Sande-Bruinsma, E Tiemersma, D Gür, S Ben Redjeb, O Rasslan, Z Elnassar, M Benbachir, D Pieridou Bagatzouni, K Rahal, Z Daoud, H Grundmann, J Monen
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2006)

Informes esporadicos procedentes del sur y del este del Mediterraneo sugirieron una elevada prevalencia de la resistencia antimicrobiana en esa region, aunque son escasos los estudios inter-regionales utilizando metodos comparables. 
El proyecto ARMed recoge los resultados de las pruebas de sensibilidad de los aislamientos invasivos de Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecium y faecalis recogidos en rutina en las muestras clinicas de sangre y liquido cefalorraquideo. Los laboratorios participantes en el proyecto estan situados en Argelia, Chipre, Egipto, Jordania, Libano, Malta, Marruecos, Tunez y Turquia. 
Segun los datos preliminares de los dos primeros anos del proyecto, la prevalencia de la resistencia a la penicilina de S. pneumoniae varia de 0% en Malta a 36% en Algeria [mediana 29%], y la resistencia a la meticilina de 10% en Libano a 65% en Jordania [mediana 43%]. Se identifico una tasa elevada de resistencia en E. coli en ciertos paises. Asi, el 72% de los aislamientos de hospitales egipcios era resistente a las cefalosporinas de tercera generacion y en Turquia, el 40% de los aislamientos era resistente a las fluoroquinolonas. La resistencia a la vancomicina no se describio mas que en el 0,9% de aislamientos de E. faecalis en Turquia y en el 3,8% de aislamientos de E. faecium en Chipre. 
Estos resultados preliminares parecen apoyar los informes esporadicos anteriores que sugerian una tasa alta de resistencia antimicrobiana en la region mediterranea. Los resultados de ARMed sugeren la existencia de resistencias particularmente altas en el este de la region donde la resistencia en S. aureus y E. coli parece ser mas alta que en otros paises del Mediterraneo.
Effect of Intravenous Fentanyl on Ticagrelor Absorption and Platelet Inhibition Among Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: John W. McEvoy, Khalil Ibrahim, Thomas S. Kickler, William A. Clarke, Rani K. Hasan, Matthew J. Czarny, Ali R. Keramati, Rakesh R. Goli, Travis P. Gratton, Jeffrey A. Brinker, Matthews Chacko, Chao-Wei Hwang, Peter V. Johnston, Julie M. Miller, Jeffrey C. Trost, William R. Herzog, Roger S. Blumenthal, David R. Thiemann, Jon R. Resar, Steven P. Schulman
Journal: Circulation (2017)
Integrated Social-Behavioral and Ecological Risk Maps to Prioritize Local Public Health Responses to Lyme Disease
Authors: Catherine Bouchard, Cécile Aenishaenslin, Erin E. Rees, Jules K. Koffi, Yann Pelcat, Marion Ripoche, François Milord, L. Robbin Lindsay, Nicholas H. Ogden, Patrick A. Leighton
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2018)

Background: The risk of contracting Lyme disease (LD) can vary spatially because of spatial heterogeneity in risk factors such as social-behavior and exposure to ecological risk factors. Integrating these risk factors to inform decision-making should therefore increase the effectiveness of mitigation interventions. Objectives: The objective of this study was to develop an integrated social-behavioral and ecological risk-mapping approach to identify priority areas for LD interventions. Methods: The study was conducted in the Montérégie region of Southern Quebec, Canada, where LD is a newly endemic disease. Spatial variation in LD knowledge, risk perceptions, and behaviors in the population were measured using web survey data collected in 2012. These data were used as a proxy for the social-behavioral component of risk. Tick vector population densities were measured in the environment during field surveillance from 2007 to 2012 to provide an index of the ecological component of risk. Social-behavioral and ecological components of risk were combined with human population density to create integrated risk maps. Map predictions were validated by testing the association between high-risk areas and the current spatial distribution of human LD cases. Results: Social-behavioral and ecological components of LD risk had markedly different distributions within the study region, suggesting that both factors should be considered for locally adapted interventions. The occurrence of human LD cases in a municipality was positively associated with tick density (p<0.01) but was not significantly associated with social-behavioral risk. Conclusion: This study is an applied demonstration of how integrated social-behavioral and ecological risk maps can be created to assist decision-making. Social survey data are a valuable but underutilized source of information for understanding regional variation in LD exposure, and integrating this information into risk maps provides a novel approach for prioritizing and adapting interventions to the local characteristics of target populations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1943
Department of Health issues warning over cut price GP indemnity cover
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2017)

The Department of Health in England has issued a warning to GPs who opt for cut price indemnity cover.

On 12 October the health secretary, Jeremy Hunt, announced plans to develop a state backed scheme for general practice indemnity in England.1

Shortly after the announcement the Medical Defence Union (MDU) said that it would reduce indemnity subscriptions for GPs in England by around 50%. It said that, from 1 November 2017, GPs who renew their membership and new joiners will receive subscription quotes around 50% lower than current levels, under a transitional benefits scheme.

The …
Prognostic value of antigen expression in multiple myeloma: a PETHEMA/GEM study on 1265 patients enrolled in four consecutive clinical trials
Authors: P Arana, B Paiva, M-T Cedena, N Puig, L Cordon, M-B Vidriales, N C Gutierrez, F Chiodi, L Burgos, L-L Anglada, J Martinez-Lopez, M-T Hernandez, A-I Teruel, M Gironella, M-A Echeveste, L Rosiñol, R Martinez, A Oriol, J De la Rubia, A Orfao, J Blade, J-J Lahuerta, M-V Mateos, J-F San Miguel
Journal: Leukemia (2017)
TCT-311 A novel experimental thrombotic myocardial infarction and primary angioplasty model in atherosclerotic swine
Authors: Georgios Sideris, Nikolaos Magkoutis, Demetris Yannopoulos, Chantal Kang, Sebastian Voicu, Jean Guillaume Dillinger, Patrick Henry, Ludovic Drouet
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Why we must defend suicide in fiction
Authors: Marco Scalvini, Flandina Rigamonti
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Arendt and colleagues call for regulation on the way that film and television companies depict suicide on screen.1 They argue that 13 Reasons Why violates guidelines for suicide portrayal in the media and might inspire increased risk behaviours in some vulnerable young people.

Cinema and literature have sought to illuminate the human urge to end life rather than endure the pain life brings. We advocate the moral merits …
Not only P-glycoprotein: Amplification of the ABCB1- containing chromosome region 7q21 confers multidrug resistance upon cancer cells by coordinated overexpression of an assortment of resistance-related proteins
Authors: Ilaria Genovese, Andrea Ilari, Yehuda G. Assaraf, Francesco Fazi, Gianni Colotti
Journal: Drug Resistance Updates (2017)

The development of drug resistance continues to be a dominant hindrance toward curative cancer treatment. Overexpression of a wide-spectrum of ATP-dependent efflux pumps, and in particular of ABCB1 (P-glycoprotein or MDR1) is a well-known resistance mechanism for a plethora of cancer chemotherapeutics including for example taxenes, anthracyclines, Vinca alkaloids, and epipodopyllotoxins, demonstrated by a large array of published papers, both in tumor cell lines and in a variety of tumors, including various solid tumors and hematological malignancies. Upon repeated or even single dose treatment of cultured tumor cells or tumors in vivo with anti-tumor agents such as paclitaxel and doxorubicin, increased ABCB1 copy number has been demonstrated, resulting from chromosomal amplification events at 7q11.2-21 locus, leading to marked P-glycoprotein overexpression, and multidrug resistance (MDR). Clearly however, additional mechanisms such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and epigenetic modifications have shown a role in the overexpression of ABCB1 and of other MDR efflux pumps. However, notwithstanding the design of 4 generations of ABCB1 inhibitors and the wealth of information on the biochemistry and substrate specificity of ABC transporters, translation of this vast knowledge from the bench to the bedside has proven to be unexpectedly difficult. Many studies show that upon repeated treatment schedules of cell cultures or tumors with taxenes and anthracyclines as well as other chemotherapeutic drugs, amplification, and/or overexpression of a series of genes genomically surrounding the ABCB1 locus, is observed. Consequently, altered levels of other proteins may contribute to the establishment of the MDR phenotype, and lead to poor clinical outcome. Thus, the genes contained in this ABCB1 amplicon including ABCB4, SRI, DBF4, TMEM243, and RUNDC3B are overexpressed in many cancers, and especially in MDR tumors, while TP53TG1 and DMTF1 are bona fide tumor suppressors. This review describes the role of these genes in cancer and especially in the acquisition of MDR, elucidates possible connections in transcriptional regulation (co-amplification/repression) of genes belonging to the same ABCB1 amplicon region, and delineates their novel emerging contributions to tumor biology and possible strategies to overcome cancer MDR.
Abstract 9688: Sleep Quality is a Significant Determinant of Executive Attention in Adults With Heart Failure
Authors: Barbara Riegel, David F Dinges
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Cognitive impairment is found in 25-50% of adults with heart failure (HF). Attention is an essential component of neurocognitive functioning and very sensitive to inadequate sleep. Little is known about attention in HF relative to sleep disturbances, but in the general population women have more sleep disturbances than men. So, the purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with attention in adults with HF and determine if gender differences exist. Methods: Using a cross-sectional observational design, a sample of 280 adults with chronic HF was enrolled from 3 out-patient settings in the northeastern US. Patients were excluded if they had significant cognitive impairment (measured on TICS) or significant depression (PHQ-9). Sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Attention was measured as neurobehavioral response speed (RS) on the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT)-a well-validated measure of vigilant attention deficits relative to sleep loss. General linear modeling (GLM) was performed separately by sex to identify significant determinants of RS. Results: Overall sleep quality was worse in women (mean 7.8±4.1, 95% CI 7.0-8.6) than men (mean 6.9±4.0, CI 6.3-7.5). Response speed was slower in women (mean 3.0 ± .73 sec, CI 2.9-3.1]) than in men (mean 3.2±.73 sec, CI 3.2-3.3]). A model of 3 variables explained 28.7% of the variance in PVT RS in women (n=100, mean age 60±12.7, 36% Black): higher PSQI daytime dysfunction from poor sleep, higher alcohol intake, and lower education levels predicted slower RS. In men (n=180, mean age 63±12.3, 33% Black), 4 variables explained 53% of the variance in PVT RS. Significant predictors of slower RS in men were worse PSQI sleep efficiency, higher PSQI daytime dysfunction from poor sleep, higher creatinine, and taking more medicines. Conclusions: Reduced sleep quality, as indexed by higher daytime dysfunction complaints due to poor sleep, was a significant determinant of psychomotor speed during vigilant attention performance in both women and men with HF. Sleep quality can be modified; interventions designed to improve sleep quality may improve RS and cognition in HF patients.
Les mesures de contrôle des SARM aux Pays-Bas dans le contexte d’une Europe en extension
Authors: J H T Wagenvoort
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2000)

Aux Pays-Bas, la politique nationale de prevention de la diffusion des Staphylococcus aureus resistants a la meticilline (SARM) a montre qu’il etait possible d’eliminer les SARM et d’empecher que ces germes ne sevissent a l’etat endemique dans les hopitaux. L’adoption de mesures efficaces contre les SARM aura egalement des retombees sur la prevention d’autres infections en milieu hospitalier. Face au probleme des SARM, une politique europeenne commune est necessaire.
A digenic human immunodeficiency characterized by IFNAR1 and IFNGR2 mutations
Authors: Rodrigo Hoyos-Bachiloglu, Janet Chou, Catherine N. Sodroski, Abdallah Beano, Wayne Bainter, Magdalena Angelova, Eman Al Idrissi, Murad K. Habazi, Hamza Ali Alghamdi, Fahd Almanjomi, Mohamed Al Shehri, Nagi Elsidig, Morsi Alaa Eldin, David M. Knipe, Mofareh AlZahrani, Raif S. Geha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2017)

Primary immunodeficiencies are often monogenic disorders characterized by vulnerability to specific infectious pathogens. Here, we performed whole-exome sequencing of a patient with disseminated Mycobacterium abscessus, Streptococcus viridians bacteremia, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia and identified mutations in 2 genes that regulate distinct IFN pathways. The patient had a homozygous frameshift deletion in IFNGR2, which encodes the signal transducing chain of the IFN-γ receptor, that resulted in minimal protein expression and abolished downstream signaling. The patient also harbored a homozygous deletion in IFNAR1 (IFNAR1*557Gluext*46), which encodes the IFN-α receptor signaling subunit. The IFNAR1*557Gluext*46 resulted in replacement of the stop codon with 46 additional codons at the C-terminus. The level of IFNAR1*557Gluext*46 mutant protein expressed in patient fibroblasts was comparable to levels of WT IFNAR1 in control fibroblasts. IFN-α-induced signaling was impaired in the patient fibroblasts, as evidenced by decreased STAT1/STAT2 phosphorylation, nuclear translocation of STAT1, and expression of IFN-α-stimulated genes critical for CMV immunity. Pretreatment with IFN-α failed to suppress CMV protein expression in patient fibroblasts, whereas expression of WT IFNAR1 restored IFN-α-mediated suppression of CMV. This study identifies a human IFNAR1 mutation and describes a digenic immunodeficiency specific to type I and type II IFNs.
PS02.04 Palliative Care and Hospice Resources are Underutilized in Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: J.R. Rayburn, C.L. Wilshire, C.R. Gilbert, B.E. Louie, R.W. Aye, A.S. Farivar, E. Vallières, J.A. Gorden
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Re: Daniel E. Spratt, Robert T. Dess, Zachary S. Zumsteg, et al. A Systematic Review and Framework for the Use of Hormone Therapy with Salvage Radiation Therapy for Recurrent Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2018;73:156–65
Authors: Pirus Ghadjar, Thomas Wiegel
Journal: European Urology (2017)
TCT-127 Optical Coherence Tomography and Histopathological Preclinical Evaluation of an Enhanced Polytetrafluoroetylene (PTFE) Covered Stent in a Peripheral Swine Animal Model: Addressing the Anatomical Challenges of the Lower Limb Stenting Procedure
Authors: Armando Tellez, Krista N. Dillon, Dane A. Brady, Luciano Curado, Alexander Moreira, Serge Rousselle
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Altered cerebellar connectivity in autism and cerebellar-mediated rescue of autism-related behaviors in mice
Authors: Catherine J. Stoodley, Anila M. D’Mello, Jacob Ellegood, Vikram Jakkamsetti, Pei Liu, Mary Beth Nebel, Jennifer M. Gibson, Elyza Kelly, Fantao Meng, Christopher A. Cano, Juan M. Pascual, Stewart H. Mostofsky, Jason P. Lerch, Peter T. Tsai
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2017)
Evoluzione della variante della malattia di Creutzfeldt-Jakob
Authors: O N Gill
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2000)

Questo numero di Eurosurveillance e particolarmente tempestivo dato che il 17 luglio scorso la Spongiform Encephalopathy Advisory Committee britannica (SEAC) ha rilasciato un comunicato stampa in cui ha annunciato che il tasso di incremento dell'incidenza della variante della malattia di Creutzfeldt-Jakob (nvMCJ) nel Regno Unito ha raggiunto la significativita statistica1. Attualmente il Dipartimento della Sanita sta indagando su di un cluster di cinque casi, comprendente un caso ‘probabile’, localizzato in un'area circoscritta 2. Dal primo caso deceduto nel 1995, sono stati accertati 76 casi di nvMCJ., tra 'certi' e 'probabili'. Si stima che l'incidenza stia aumentando del 20-30% l'anno. Tuttavia, la SEAC ha concluso che e ancora troppo presto per dire se questa tendenza all'aumento e probabile che si mantenga nel tempo, o per stimare l'entita finale dell'epidemia di nvMCJ1.
Acute Zika Virus Infection as a Risk Factor for Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Puerto Rico
Authors: Emilio Dirlikov, Nicole A. Medina, Chelsea G. Major, Jorge L. Munoz-Jordan, Carlos A. Luciano, Brenda Rivera-Garcia, Tyler M. Sharp
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Acute Zika Virus Infection as a Risk Factor for Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Puerto RicoGuillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an uncommon autoimmune disorder characterized by progressive weakness and diminished deep tendon reflexes following infection or, rarely, vaccination. 1 Increased GBS incidence has been reported in countries affected by Zika virus, 2 a flavivirus transmitted primarily by Aedes species mosquitoes. 3 During the Zika virus epidemic in Puerto Rico, we conducted a casecontrol study to identify risk factors associated with GBS.Methods | This study was approved by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the University of Puerto Rico institutional review boards.Written informed consent was obtained from participants.Potential c ase-patients were reported to public health authorities from 9 reference hospitals throughout Puerto Rico with a clinical suspicion of GBS and neurologic illness onset from April 2016 through December 2016.Case-patients were offered enrollment within 1 month of reported neurologic illness onset.GBS diagnosis was retrospectively confirmed by chart review using the Brighton Collaboration criteria after hospital discharge. 4 Case-patients were matched to community controls 1:2 by age group (ie, 7-20, 21-39, 40-64, and >65 years) and place of residence (ie, ≤1-km radius from the residence of a casepatient).The control group included members of the community who lived continuously at the enrollment site for the previous 2 months and were enrolled within 1 week of the matched case-patient.Community control enrollment sites were identified using a randomly generated distance (ie, 0-1000 m) and degree from North (ie, 0°-359°) from each case-patient's residence.For all participants, a questionnaire was administered on demographics, behaviors, exposures, and medical history, including acute illness within the previous 2 months, and serum, urine, and saliva specimens were collected.Participants were defined as having acute Zika virus infection if they had a positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result in any specimen.Participants were defined as having laboratory evidence of Zika virus infection if they had a positive RT-PCR result in any specimen or anti-Zika virus immunoglobulin M (IgM) detected in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Using SAS (SAS Institute), version 9.3, the Pearson χ 2 test and 2 sample (2-sided) tests were used to analyze demographic variables.P values less than .05were considered significant.Matched odds ratios (MORs) with 95% CIs were calculated to measure the association with risk factors, with CIs not including 1 considered significant.
Responsible Care in the Face of Shifting Recommendations and Imperfect Diagnostics for Zika Virus
Authors: Ilona Telefus Goldfarb, Elana Jaffe, Anne Drapkin Lyerly
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Monoamines in glioblastoma: complex biology with therapeutic potential
Authors: Seamus Patrick Caragher, Robert Raymond Hall, Riasat Ahsan, Atique U Ahmed
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is characterized by extremely poor prognoses, despite the use of gross surgical resection, alkylating chemotherapeutic agents, and radiotherapy. Evidence increasingly highlights the role of the tumor microenvironment in enabling this aggressive phenotype. Despite this interest, the role of neurotransmitters, brain-specific messengers underlying synaptic transmission, remains murky. These signaling molecules influence a complex network of molecular pathways and cellular behaviors in many CNS-resident cells, including neural stem cells and progenitor cells, neurons, and glia cells. Critically, available data convincingly demonstrate that neurotransmitters can influence proliferation, quiescence, and differentiation status of these cells. This ability to affect progenitors and glia—GBM-initiating cells—and their availability in the CNS strongly support the notion that neurotransmitters participate in the onset and progression of GBM. This review will focus on dopamine and serotonin, as studies indicate they contribute to gliomagenesis. Particular attention will be paid to how these neurotransmitters and their receptors can be utilized as novel therapeutic targets. Overall, this review will analyze the complex biology governing the interaction of GBM with neurotransmitter signaling and highlight how this interplay shapes the aggressive nature of GBM.