tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalencia de infecciones nosocomiales en dos hospitales de Latvia
Authors: U Dumpis, A Balode, D Vīgante, I Narbute, R Valinteliene, V Pïrags, A Martinsons, I Vingre
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2003)

En dos hospitales letones se realizo el primer estudio de prevalencia de la tasa de infecciones nosocomiales (IN). En el momento del estudio, el 17,5% (226/1291) de los pacientes presentaba sintomas o estaba siendo tratado de la infeccion. La tasa de prevalencia global fue del 5,6% (72/1291) para IN y del 12,7% para infecciones comunitarias (164/1291). La infeccion quirurgica (Surgical site infection; SSI) fue la infeccion nosocomial mas comun (62%), seguida de la infeccion del tracto respiratorio (respiratory tract infection; RTI) (7,5%), y la del tracto urinario (urinary tract infection; UTI) (6,4%). La tasa de IN fue superior cuanto mayor era la edad del paciente, asi como en unidades de cuidados intensivos y en quirofanos, y en personas con dispositivos intravenosos o cateteres urinarios. La investigacion microbiologica dio resultados positivos en el 29% de los pacientes (21/72) con IN. Al 22,3% (288/1291) de los pacientes ingresados se le administro tratamiento antibacteriano y al 62% (182/288) de ellos se receto cefazolina. Los resultados de este estudio se utilizaran para planificar una encuesta nacional de prevalencia.
ABOUND.2L+: nab-paclitaxel (nab-P) +/- CC-486 or durvalumab in previously treated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: D. Morgensztern, T.J. Ong, M. Cobo Dols, S. Ponce Aix, P.E. Postmus, C. Lewanski, J. Bennouna, J.R. Fischer, O.J. Vidal, D.J. Stewart, G. Fasola, A. Ardizoni, J. Weaver, M. Wolfsteiner, D. Talbot, R. Govindan
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Effect of erdosteine on the rate and duration of COPD exacerbations: the RESTORE study
Authors: Roberto W. Dal Negro, Jadwiga A. Wedzicha, Martin Iversen, Giovanni Fontana, Clive Page, Arrigo F. Cicero, Edoardo Pozzi, Peter M.A. Calverley
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2017)

Oxidative stress contributes to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations and antioxidants can decrease exacerbation rates, although we lack data about the effect of such drugs on exacerbation duration. The RESTORE (Reducing Exacerbations and Symptoms by Treatment with ORal Erdosteine in COPD) study was a prospective randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, enrolling patients aged 40–80 years with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage II/III. Patients received erdosteine 300 mg twice daily or placebo added to usual COPD therapy for 12 months. The primary outcome was the number of acute exacerbations during the study. In the pre-specified intention-to-treat population of 445 patients (74% male; mean age 64.8 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s 51.8% predicted) erdosteine reduced the exacerbation rate by 19.4% (0.91 versus . 1.13 exacerbations·patient −1 ·year −1 for erdosteine and placebo, respectively; p=0.01), due to an effect on mild events; the reduction in the rate of mild exacerbations was 57.1% (0.23 versus 0.54 exacerbations·patient −1 ·year −1 for erdosteine and placebo, respectively; p=0.002). No significant difference was observed in the rate of moderate and severe exacerbations (0.68 versus 0.59 exacerbations·patient −1 ·year −1 for erdosteine and placebo, respectively; p=0.054) despite a trend in favour of the comparison group. Erdosteine decreased the exacerbation duration irrespective of event severity by 24.6% (9.55 versus 12.63 days for erdosteine and placebo, respectively; p=0.023). Erdosteine significantly improved subject and physician subjective severity scores (p=0.022 and p=0.048, respectively), and reduced the use of reliever medication (p&lt;0.001), but did not affect the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire score or the time to first exacerbation. In patients with COPD, erdosteine can reduce both the rate and duration of exacerbations. The percentage of patients with adverse events was similar in both the placebo and erdosteine treatment groups.
Rastreio dos marcadores virais para o VIH, VHB e VHC em sangue de dadores em França e risco residual de transmissão viral por transfusão de sangue
Authors: J Pillonel, C Saura, A M Couroucé
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1998)

A prevencao da transmissao de infeccoes virais, atraves de componentes do sangue e conseguida de duas formas. 
O recrutamento e seleccao de dadores de sangue destina-se a evitar que individuos, com factores de risco para as infeccoes transmitidas por transfusoes de sangue, deem sangue. As doacoes sao submetidas a testes de rastreio sistematico, que possibilitam a sua exclusao bem como a dos dadores infectados.
Higher cigarette pricing encourages older smokers to quit
Authors: Lara C. Pullen
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2017)

Key Points Cigarette price increases are associated with a reduction in smoking rates in smokers aged 65 years and older. Although cigarette price increases have been shown to discourage smoking in younger individuals, to the authors' knowledge this is the first study that demonstrates the effect in older smokers. Cigarette price increases now join the enforcement of smoke‐free laws as an important public health tool to limit smoking.
IL10 Release upon PD-1 Blockade Sustains Immunosuppression in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Purushottam Lamichhane, Lavakumar Karyampudi, Barath Shreeder, James Krempski, Deborah Bahr, Joshua Daum, Kimberly R. Kalli, Ellen L. Goode, Matthew S. Block, Martin J. Cannon, Keith L. Knutson
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Ligation of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) in the tumor microenvironment is known to inhibit effective adaptive antitumor immunity. Blockade of PD-1 in humans has resulted in impressive, durable regression responses in select tumor types. However, durable responses have been elusive in ovarian cancer patients. PD-1 was recently shown to be expressed on and thereby impair the functions of tumor-infiltrating murine and human myeloid dendritic cells (TIDC) in ovarian cancer. In the present work, we characterize the regulation of PD-1 expression and the effects of PD-1 blockade on TIDC. Treatment of TIDC and bone marrow–derived dendritic cells (DC) with IL10 led to increased PD-1 expression. Both groups of DCs also responded to PD-1 blockade by increasing production of IL10. Similarly, treatment of ovarian tumor–bearing mice with PD-1 blocking antibody resulted in an increase in IL10 levels in both serum and ascites. While PD-1 blockade or IL10 neutralization as monotherapies were inefficient, combination of these two led to improved survival and delayed tumor growth; this was accompanied by augmented antitumor T- and B-cell responses and decreased infiltration of immunosuppressive MDSC. Taken together, our findings implicate compensatory release of IL10 as one of the adaptive resistance mechanisms that undermine the efficacy of anti–PD-1 (or anti–PD-L1) monotherapies and prompt further studies aimed at identifying such resistance mechanisms. Cancer Res; 77(23); 6667–78. ©2017 AACR.
Influenza under close surveillance
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2002)

A large outbreak of influenza-like illness occurred in Madagascar during July–August 2002. The very sharp increase in the number of cases over a short period of time led health authorities to suspect the appearance of a particularly virulent new influenza virus strain. This triggered immediate international reaction, and a WHO international team assisted local health authorities investigate and control the outbreak. Fortunately preliminary investigation found the virus strain involved was the known A/Panama/2007/99 type, which has been circulating worldwide for several years.
GW28-e1148 Catheter Ablation and Electrophysiological Identification of Epicardial Atrioventricular Accessory Pathway Located in the Great Cardiac Vein
Authors: Mingyu Sun, Ming Liang, Zulu Wang, Guitang Yang, Zhiqing Jin, Yanchun Liang, Haibo Yu, Yaling Han, Wang Shuang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
A workshop for educators on concussion led directly to the user-centredcentered design of a school board approved return to learn protocol
Authors: James D Carson, Alisha Garel, Alexandra Rendely, Stefanie E Moser, Sarah T Rabinovitch, Sari A Kraft, Pierre Fremont
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

<h3>Objective</h3> To improve the educators’ knowledge and implementation of academic accommodations for optimal return to learn (RTL) after a sport-related concussion (SRC). <h3>Design</h3> Initially designed as a pre- post- intervention study, this qualitative report describes an unexpected but most relevant outcome of an educational intervention regarding SRC management in a school-based setting. <h3>Setting</h3> A sport-focused Ontario (Canada) secondary school. <h3>Participants</h3> 94 educational staff, including teachers, administrators and psychologists. <h3>Intervention</h3> A workshop where educators learned about SRC management and reflected on their own experiences with some of the 63 cases of SRC managed at theirschool over the preceding 3.5 years. Participants were asked to develop RTLprotocols adapted for their environment. <h3>Outcome measures</h3> Capacity to develop RTL protocols to improve concussionmanagement in school-based settings. <h3>main results</h3> Working in small groups, participants were able to independently construct RTL protocols. As an unexpected outcome of this session, the educators formed a committee, which formalised a user-centred (teacher accepted and student focused) eight-stage post-SRCRTL protocol. In 2015 their school board accepted this protocol for use at over 200 schools. The index school initiated a daily accommodations update RTL passport. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Working in small groups, participants were able to independently construct RTL protocols. As an unexpected outcome of this session, the educators formed a committee, which formalised a user-centred (teacher accepted and student focused) eight-stage post-SRCRTL protocol. In 2015 their school board accepted this protocol for use at over 200 schools. The index school initiated a daily accommodations update RTL passport. <h3>Competing interests</h3> None.
Transcriptional determinants of individualized inflammatory responses at anatomically separate sites
Authors: Lam C. Tsoi, Jingjing Yang, Yun Liang, Mrinal K. Sarkar, Xianying Xing, Maria A. Beamer, Abhishek Aphale, Kalpana Raja, Jeffrey H. Kozlow, Spiro Getsios, John J. Voorhees, J. Michelle Kahlenberg, James T. Elder, Johann E. Gudjonsson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2017)
EGFR T790M detection in TKI-naïve NSCLCs carrying sensitive EGFR mutations
Authors: G. Pinotti, R. Cerutti, N. Sahnane, L. Lettig, C. Albeni, A. Tuzi, F. Franzi, A. Pastore, F. Ogliari, F. Sessa, D. Furlan
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Three versus six months’ adjuvant oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for patients with stage III colon cancer: Per-protocol, subgroups and long-lasting neuropathy results
Authors: J. Taieb, F. Bonnetain, L. Mineur, J. Bennouna, J. Desrame, R. Faroux, S. Fratte, J. Dauba, D. Vernerey, C. Louvet, C. Lepere, O. Dupuis, Y. Becouarn, M. Mabro, J. Egreteau, O. Bouche, G. Deplanque, M. Ychou, A. de Gramont, T. André
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
GW28-e1172 Pilot study on intra-coronary bivalirudin injection in preventing no- reflow during primary PCI in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Zhenyang Liang, Meili Liu, Xuedong Zhao, Yi Li, Heyang Wang, Xin Zhao, Jie Tao, Bin Wang, Shaoping Nie, Yaling Han, Wang Shuang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Protein biomarkers as predictors of outcome with regorafenib (REG) in patients (pts) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the RESORCE trial
Authors: M. Teufel, K. Köchert, G. Meinhardt, R.S. Finn, J.M. Llovet, J. Bruix
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Early safety from phase 1b/3, multicenter, open-label, randomized trial of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) + pembrolizumab (pembro) for recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (R/M SCCHN): MASTERKEY-232
Authors: K. Harrington, A. Kong, N. Mach, T. Rordorf, J. Corral, V. Espeli, S. Treichel, J. Cheng, J.J. Kim, J. Chesney
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Gefitinib Plus Chemotherapy Versus Chemotherapy in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutation–Positive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Resistant to First-Line Gefitinib (IMPRESS): Overall Survival and Biomarker Analyses
Authors: Tony S.K. Mok, Sang-We Kim, Yi-Long Wu, Kazuhiko Nakagawa, Jin-Ji Yang, Myung-Ju Ahn, Jie Wang, James Chih-Hsin Yang, You Lu, Shinji Atagi, Santiago Ponce, Xiaojin Shi, Yuri Rukazenkov, Vincent Haddad, Kenneth S. Thress, Jean-Charles Soria
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

Purpose The Iressa Mutation-Positive Multicentre Treatment Beyond ProgRESsion Study (IMPRESS) compared the continuation of gefitinib plus chemotherapy with placebo plus chemotherapy in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR) mutation-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with progression (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1) after first-line gefitinib. Primary results indicated no difference between treatments in terms of progression-free survival (PFS). The current analysis presents final, mature, overall survival (OS) data, together with exploratory analyses that examined whether specific biomarkers, including T790M mutation status, were able to differentiate a relative treatment effect. Patients and Methods Patients were randomly assigned to gefitinib 250 mg or placebo, in addition to cisplatin 75 mg/m2 plus pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 (maximum of six cycles of chemotherapy). EGFR mutation status was determined from plasma-derived circulating free tumor-derived DNA samples (beads, emulsification, amplification, and magnetics digital polymerase chain reaction assay, allelic fraction analysis). Results A total of 265 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer were randomly assigned, and overall data maturity was 66%. Continuation of gefitinib plus cisplatin and pemetrexed was detrimental to OS when compared with placebo plus cisplatin and pemetrexed (hazard ratio [HR], 1.44; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.94; P = .016; median OS, 13.4 v 19.5 months). The detriment was statistically significant in patients with T790M mutation-positive plasma samples (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.21), whereas statistical significance was not reached in T790M mutation-negative patients (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.68 to 1.94). PFS in T790M mutation-positive patients was similar between treatments, and the difference observed in T790M mutation-negative patients did not reach statistical significance (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.43 to 1.03; P = .0745). Conclusion Final OS data from IMPRESS are supportive of earlier PFS results and are sufficient to warn physicians against the continuation of treatment with first-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors beyond radiologic disease progression when chemotherapy is initiated. Plasma biomarker analyses suggest that this effect may be driven by T790M-positive status.
Final results of a phase II study of oral vinorelbine (NVBo) monotherapy in patients (pts) with advanced EGFR-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after failure of EGFR-TKI in first line (NAVoTRIAL 2).
Authors: Eng-Huat Tan, Giuseppe Luigi Banna, Rodryg Ramlau, Giovanni Luca Ceresoli, Andrea Camerini, Janusz Milanowski, Michele Caruso, Philippe Landreau, Marcello Riggi, Dariusz Kowalski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e20546 Background: In advanced/metastatic EGFR-positive (EGFR+) NSCLC pts progressing after EGFR-TKIs failure in first line, single-agent chemotherapy (CT) may be offered in pts who are unfit for a platinum combination. In this study, NVBo was evaluated as monotherapy in advanced NSCLC EGFR+ pts who failed to EGFR-TKIs in first line. Methods: Phase II, multicentre, open-label, international study. Main eligibility criteria: stage IIIB/IV NSCLC, EGFR+, prior EGFR-TKI treatment failure, Karnofsky PS ≥ 70, no prior CT or immunotherapy. Study treatment until progression or unacceptable toxicity: NVBo 60 mg/m2 weekly for 3 weeks (first cycle), followed by 80 mg/m2 weekly for subsequent cycles in absence of grade 3/4 toxicity. The primary endpoint was the disease control rate (DCR = CR + PR + SD, RECIST 1.1). Results: 30 pts included (March 2013 - November 2014). Main pts characteristics: median age: 66.8 years (60% ≥ 65 years); median Karnofsky PS 90%. Adenocarcinoma 96.7%. ≥ 3 organs involved (53.3%). All pts harboured EGFR mutation and received prior EGFR-TKI therapy: Gefitinib 73.3%, Erlotinib 16.7%, Afatinib 10%; 33.3% of pts had ≥ 2 comorbidities; Total number of cycles: 166 (443 doses administered); median number of cycles: 3.5 (range 1-20); median relative dose intensity: 77.6% (range 46.8-105); dose escalation was performed in 76.7 % of pts; 23.3% of pts had a stable disease ≥ 6 months with a disease control rate of 63.3% (95% CI [43.8-80]). Time to treatment failure: median of 2.7 months (range 0.4-13.6). Median PFS of 3.3 months (95% CI [1.6-5.4]) and OS of 13.1 months (95% CI [6.1-15.8]). Grade 3/4 toxicities per pt: neutropenia 53.3%, anemia 6.7%, leukopenia 26.7%, fatigue 16.7%, nausea 3.3% and vomiting 6.7%. Three cases of febrile neutropenia reported. No grade 3/4 diarrhoea, constipation, peripheral neuropathies or alopecia. Conclusions: NVBo as single-agent CT is a well-tolerated option in advanced EGFR+ NSCLC pts beyond failure of EGFR-TKI in first line. Its favourable tolerability profile allows a prolonged disease control in non-progressing pts. Clinical trial information: 2012-003361-18.
Exercise Intolerance in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Nicholas E. Houstis, Aaron S. Eisman, Paul P. Pappagianopoulos, Luke Wooster, Cole S. Bailey, Peter D. Wagner, Gregory D. Lewis
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common syndrome with a pressing shortage of therapies. Exercise intolerance is a cardinal symptom of HFpEF, yet its pathophysiology remains uncertain. Methods: We investigated the mechanism of exercise intolerance in 134 patients referred for cardiopulmonary exercise testing: 79 with HFpEF and 55 controls. We performed cardiopulmonary exercise testing with invasive monitoring to measure hemodynamics, blood gases, and gas exchange during exercise. We used these measurements to quantify 6 steps of oxygen transport and utilization (the O 2 pathway) in each patient with HFpEF, identifying the defective steps that impair each one’s exercise capacity (peak Vo 2 ). We then quantified the functional significance of each O 2 pathway defect by calculating the improvement in exercise capacity a patient could expect from correcting the defect. Results: Peak Vo 2 was reduced by 34±2% (mean±SEM, P &lt;0.001) in HFpEF compared with controls of similar age, sex, and body mass index. The vast majority (97%) of patients with HFpEF harbored defects at multiple steps of the O 2 pathway, the identity and magnitude of which varied widely. Two of these steps, cardiac output and skeletal muscle O 2 diffusion, were impaired relative to controls by an average of 27±3% and 36±2%, respectively ( P &lt;0.001 for both). Due to interactions between a given patient’s defects, the predicted benefit of correcting any single one was often minor; on average, correcting a patient’s cardiac output led to a 7±0.5% predicted improvement in exercise intolerance, whereas correcting a patient’s muscle diffusion capacity led to a 27±1% improvement. At the individual level, the impact of any given O 2 pathway defect on a patient’s exercise capacity was strongly influenced by comorbid defects. Conclusions: Systematic analysis of the O 2 pathway in HFpEF showed that exercise capacity was undermined by multiple defects, including reductions in cardiac output and skeletal muscle diffusion capacity. An important source of disease heterogeneity stemmed from variation in each patient’s personal profile of defects. Personalized O 2 pathway analysis could identify patients most likely to benefit from treating a specific defect; however, the system properties of O 2 transport favor treating multiple defects at once, as with exercise training.
An outbreak of measles in orthodox Jewish communities in Antwerp, Belgium, 2007-2008: different reasons for accumulation of susceptibles
Authors: T Lernout, E Kissling, V Hutse, K De Schrijver, G Top
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2009)

From August 2007 to May 2008, an outbreak of at least 137 cases of measles occurred in some orthodox Jewish communities in Antwerp, Belgium. The outbreak was linked to outbreaks in the same communities in the United Kingdom and in Israel. The reasons for this outbreak were diverse: cultural factors, misinformation on vaccination by some medical doctors and the lack of a catch-up vaccination programme in private Jewish schools. The identification of smaller susceptible groups for measles transmission and vaccination of these groups represent a major challenge for the measles elimination programme.
Sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132) for patients with pretreated metastatic urothelial uancer (UC): interim results
Authors: S.T. Tagawa, B. Faltas, E. Lam, P. Saylor, A. Bardia, J. Hajdenberg, A.K. Morgans, E. Lim, K. Kalinsky, D.P. Petrylak, M. Guarino, M.D. Galsky, P. Maliakal, B. Mudenda, R. Sharkey, W. Wegener, D. Goldenberg
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Influence of Baseline Diastolic Blood Pressure on Effects of Intensive Compared With Standard Blood Pressure Control
Authors: Srinivasan Beddhu, Glenn M. Chertow, Alfred K. Cheung, William C. Cushman, Mahboob Rahman, Tom Greene, Guo Wei, Ruth C. Campbell, Margaret Conroy, Barry I. Freedman, William Haley, Edward Horwitz, Dalane Kitzman, James Lash, Vasilios Papademetriou, Roberto Pisoni, Erik Riessen, Clive Rosendorff, Suzanne G. Watnick, Jeffrey Whittle, Paul K. Whelton
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: In individuals with a low diastolic blood pressure (DBP), the potential benefits or risks of intensive systolic blood pressure (SBP) lowering are unclear. Methods: SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial) was a randomized controlled trial that compared the effects of intensive (target &lt;120 mm Hg) and standard (target &lt;140 mm Hg) SBP control in 9361 older adults with high blood pressure at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular disease events. All-cause death and incident chronic kidney disease were secondary outcomes. This post hoc analysis examined whether the effects of the SBP intervention differed by baseline DBP. Results: Mean baseline SBP and DBP were 139.7±15.6 and 78.1±11.9 mm Hg, respectively. Regardless of the randomized treatment, baseline DBP had a U-shaped association with the hazard of the primary cardiovascular disease outcome. However, the effects of the intensive SBP intervention on the primary outcome were not influenced by baseline DBP level ( P for interaction=0.83). The primary outcome hazard ratio for intensive versus standard treatment was 0.78 (95% confidence interval, 0.57–1.07) in the lowest DBP quintile (mean baseline DBP, 61±5 mm Hg) and 0.74 (95% confidence interval, 0.61–0.90) in the upper 4 DBP quintiles (mean baseline DBP, 82±9 mm Hg), with an interaction P value of 0.78. Results were similar for all-cause death and kidney events. Conclusions: Low baseline DBP was associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease events, but there was no evidence that the benefit of the intensive SBP lowering differed by baseline DBP. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01206062.
Impact of neoadjuvant therapy (NT) and pathological complete response (pCR) on breast-conserving surgery (BCS) in patients (pts) with breast cancer (BC): A meta-analysis
Authors: C. Criscitiello, M. Golshan, W.T. Barry, G. Viale, S. Wong, M. Santangelo, G. Curigliano
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)