tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
ADTH-03 Misoprostol for the healing of aspirin and nsaid-related small bowel ulcers in obscure gastro-intestinal bleeding
Authors: Ali Taha, Caroline McCloskey, Paula McSkimming, Theresa Craigen, Debbie Callaghan, Alex McConnachie
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The incidence of obscure GI bleeding has been rising. This condition is now accepted to mainly originate from small bowel lesions and to be related to the wide use of low-dose aspirin and NSAIDs. We aimed to assess the efficacy of misoprostol, a prostaglandin analogue, in the healing of small bowel ulcers and erosions in patients using aspirin/NSAIDs and presenting with obscure GI bleeding (MASTERS Trial). <h3>Methods and design</h3> This was a prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled trial, comparing misoprostol 200 ug with placebo taken 4-times daily for 8 weeks, while continuing on low-dose aspirin and/or NSAIDs. Patients were screened if they had one or more of the following: iron deficiency anaemia; a drop in Hb level of 2.0 gm/dL or more; and/or positive faecal occult blood test. Those without a potential source of bleeding on their upper GI endoscopy and colonoscopy but then found to have small bowel ulcers and erosions, using video-capsule endoscopy (OMOM Endoscopy System, China), were considered for randomisation. Small bowel lesions were classified as modified from Maiden et al, Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007. Patients were clinically assessed 4 weeks after randomisation and with repeat capsule endoscopy after 8 weeks to check for mucosal healing. Capsule images were examined by two blinded assessors, and any discrepancies were resolved by consensus. The primary endpoint was full healing of small bowel ulcers and/or erosions. Secondary endpoints were changes in the numbers of ulcers and erosions, and haemoglobin (Hb) level. <h3>Results</h3> Of 232 patients screened, 102 eligible patients were randomised: 50 took misoprostol and 52 took placebo. Complete healing of ulcers and erosions was observed in 27 (54%) misoprostol patients and 9 (17%) in the placebo group (p&lt;0.001). Viewed separately, similar results were seen for healing of ulcers (68% vs 17%, p&lt;0.001) and erosions (56% vs 21%, p&lt;0.001). There were no significant changes in Hb levels over the study period. Compliance did not differ significantly between the two arms (76% misoprostol vs 90% placebo took &gt;75% of study drugs, p=0.065). Mild, moderate, or severe adverse events of interest (abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, diarrhoea, or other events) were observed in 48% of misoprostol patients vs 44% placebo (p=0.84), but tended to be more severe in the misoprostol group (p=0.017). There were no serious adverse events. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Misoprostol is effective in the healing of small bowel ulcers and erosions in patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding while using low-dose aspirin and NSAIDs.
Highly potent monomethyl auristatin E prodrug activated by caspase-3 for the chemoradiotherapy of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Seung Woo Chung, Young Seok Cho, Jeong Uk Choi, Ha Rin Kim, Tae Hyung Won, Sang Yoon Kim, Youngro Byun
Journal: Biomaterials (2018)
Assessment of Cardiac Iron Overload in Thalassemia With MRI on 3.0-T
Authors: Rungroj Krittayaphong, Shuo Zhang, Pairash Saiviroonporn, Vip Viprakasit, Prajak Tanapibunpon, Boonying Rerkudom, Ahthit Yindeengam, John C. Wood
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2018)
Efficacy of Induction Therapy With High-Intensity Tofacitinib in 4 Patients With Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Jeffrey A. Berinstein, Calen A. Steiner, Randolph E. Regal, John I. Allen, Jami A.R. Kinnucan, Ryan W. Stidham, Akbar K. Waljee, Shrinivas Bishu, Leslie B. Aldrich, Peter D.R. Higgins
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2018)
Serum Creatinine in the Critically Ill Patient With Sepsis
Authors: Matthieu Legrand, John A. Kellum
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Following esophageal resection for cancer, a 73-year-old man was admitted to the ICU with pneumonia and progressive acute respiratory failure, and he was placed on mechanical ventilation. At day 5, his creatinine level continued to increase. How would you proceed?
Osimertinib for patients (pts) with leptomeningeal metastases (LM) associated with EGFRm advanced NSCLC
Authors: M.-J. Ahn, C.-H. Chiu, Y. Cheng, J.-Y. Han, S.B. Goldberg, A. Greystoke, J. Crawford, Y. Zhao, X. Huang, M. Johnson, K. Vishwanathan, A. Mendoza-Naranjo, T. Mok
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Commensal bacteria contribute to insulin resistance in aging by activating innate B1a cells
Authors: Monica Bodogai, Jennifer O’Connell, Ki Kim, Yoo Kim, Kanako Moritoh, Chen Chen, Fedor Gusev, Kelli Vaughan, Natalia Shulzhenko, Julie A. Mattison, Catalina Lee-Chang, Weixuan Chen, Olga Carlson, Kevin G. Becker, Manoj Gurung, Andrey Morgun, James White, Theresa Meade, Kathy Perdue, Matthias Mack, Luigi Ferrucci, Giorgio Trinchieri, Rafael de Cabo, Evgeny Rogaev, Josephine Egan, Jiejun Wu, Arya Biragyn
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2018)

The increase of insulin resistance in “healthy” aging can be explained by a gut microbiota–monocyte–B1a B cell axis.
Association Between Intake of Red and Processed Meat and Survival in Patients With Colorectal Cancer in a Pooled Analysis
Authors: Prudence R. Carr, Barbara L. Banbury, Sonja I. Berndt, Peter T. Campbell, Jenny Chang-Claude, Richard B. Hayes, Barbara V. Howard, Lina Jansen, Eric J. Jacobs, Dorothy S. Lane, Reiko Nishihara, Shuji Ogino, Amanda I. Phipps, Martha L. Slattery, Marcia L. Stefanick, Robert Wallace, Viola Walter, Emily White, Kana Wu, Ulrike Peters, Andrew T. Chan, Polly A. Newcomb, Hermann Brenner, Michael Hoffmeister
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2018)
Therapeutic Delivery of miR-148a Suppresses Ventricular Dilation in Heart Failure
Authors: Andrea Raso, Ellen Dirkx, Leonne E. Philippen, Amaya Fernandez-Celis, Federica De Majo, Vasco Sampaio-Pinto, Marida Sansonetti, Rio Juni, Hamid el Azzouzi, Martina Calore, Nicole Bitsch, Servé Olieslagers, Martinus I.F.J. Oerlemans, Manon M. Huibers, Roel A. de Weger, Yolan J. Reckman, Yigal M. Pinto, Lorena Zentilin, Serena Zacchigna, Mauro Giacca, Paula A. da Costa Martins, Natalia López-Andrés, Leon J. De Windt
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2018)
Oral Desensitization to Peanuts
Authors: Michael R. Perkin
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Once a peanut allergy develops, advice has historically been simple: lifelong complete avoidance is needed to prevent systemic allergic reactions, some of which could be fatal. However, over the past decade, a series of case reports and small studies have shown that the systematic introduction of tiny amounts of peanut allergen, followed by gradual increases in dose, could prevent or attenuate systemic reactions.1-4 The concept gained traction when a group in Cambridge, United Kingdom, found that 12% defatted peanut flour could induce desensitization in children.5 Vickery and colleagues now present in the Journal6 the results of a randomized, controlled trial . . .
Abstract 353: Bone Marrow Fibroblast Progenitor Cell-derived Exosomes Activate Resident Fibroblast and Augment Pressure Overload Induced Cardiac Fibrosis in IL10KO Mice
Authors: Suresh K Verma, Venkata N Girikipathi, Maria Cimini, Zhongjian Cheng, Moshin Khan, May Truongcao, Cindy Benedict, David Goukassian, Raj Kishore
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

Background: Activated fibroblasts (myoFBs) play critical role in cardiac fibrosis, however, their origin in diseased heart remains uncertain. Previous studies suggest the contribution of bone marrow fibroblasts progenitor cells (FPC) in pressure overload (PO)-induced cardiac fibrosis and inflammation acts as catalyst in this process. Recently others and we have shown that paracrine mediators packaged in exosomes play important role in cardiac pathophysiology. Thus, we hypothesized that exosome-derived from IL10KO-FPC augments PO-induced resident cardiac fibroblast activation and therefore, aggravate cardiac fibrosis. Methods and Results: Cardiac fibrosis was induced in Wild-type (WT) and IL10-knockout (IL10KO) mice by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). TAC-induced left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and fibrosis were further exaggerated in IL10KO mice. PO-enhanced FPC (Prominin1 + cells) mobilization and homing in IL10KO mice compared to WT mice. To establish the IL10KO-FPC paracrine signaling, exosomes were isolated from WT and IL10KO BM-FPC culture media and characterized for proteins/miRNA. IL10 KO FPC-exosomes showed altered packaging of signature fibrotic miR and proteins. To explore whether FPC-exosomes modulate resident fibroblast activation, adult cardiac fibroblasts were treated with WT and IL10KO FPC-derived exosomes. IL10KO-FPC-derived exosomes exaggerate TGFβ 2 -induced activation of adult fibroblasts. These data suggest that fibrotic remodeling factors (miRs and/or proteins) packaged in IL10KO-FPC exosomes are sufficient to enhance the resident cardiac fibroblast activation and mediate cardiac fibrotic remodeling IL10 treatment significantly inhibits TGFβ 2 -induced FPC to myoFBs transition. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings suggest that paracrine factors secreted by BM-FPC augment resident cardiac fibroblast activation and fibrosis in pressure overloaded myocardium and IL10 negatively regulates this process. Ongoing investigations using molecular approaches will provide a better understanding on the mechanistic and therapeutic aspects of IL10 on PO-induced cardiac fibrosis and heart failure.
Comparing patient-perceived and physician-perceived remission and low disease activity in psoriatic arthritis: an analysis of 410 patients from 14 countries
Authors: Clémence Gorlier, Ana-Maria Orbai, Déborah Puyraimond-Zemmour, Laura C Coates, Uta Kiltz, Ying-Ying Leung, Penelope Palominos, Juan D Cañete, Rossana Scrivo, Andra Balanescu, Emmanuelle Dernis, Sandra Tälli, Adeline Ruyssen-Witrand, Martin Soubrier, Sibel Zehra Aydin, Lihi Eder, Inna Gaydukova, Ennio Lubrano, Umut Kalyoncu, Pascal Richette, M Elaine Husni, Maarten de Wit, Josef S Smolen, Laure Gossec
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

Background The objective was to compare different definitions of remission and low disease activity (LDA) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), based on both patients’ and physicians’ perspectives. Methods In ReFlap (Remission/Flare in PsA; NCT03119805 ), adults with physician-confirmed PsA and &gt;2 years of disease duration in 14 countries were included. Remission was defined as very low disease activity (VLDA), Disease Activity index for PSoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) ≤4, and physician-perceived and patient-perceived remission (specific question yes/no), and LDA as minimal disease activity (MDA), DAPSA &lt;14, and physician-perceived and patient-perceived LDA. Frequencies of these definitions, their agreement (prevalence-adjusted kappa), and sensitivity and specificity versus patient-defined status were assessed cross-sectionally. Results Of 410 patients, the mean age (SD) was 53.9 (12.5) years, 50.7% were male, disease duration was 11.2 (8.2) years, 56.8% were on biologics, and remission/LDA was frequently attained: respectively, for remission from 12.4% (VLDA) to 36.1% (physician-perceived remission), and for LDA from 25.4% (MDA) to 43.9% (patient-perceived LDA). Thus, patient-perceived remission/LDA was frequent (65.4%). Agreement between patient-perceived remission/LDA and composite scores was moderate to good (kappa range, 0.12–0.65). When patient-perceived remission or LDA status is used as reference, DAPSA-defined remission/LDA and VLDA/MDA had a sensitivity of 73.1% and 51.5%, respectively, and a specificity of 76.8% and 88.0%, respectively. Physician-perceived remission/LDA using a single question was frequent (67.6%) but performed poorly against other definitions. Conclusion In this unselected population, remission/LDA was frequently attained. VLDA/MDA was a more stringent definition than DAPSA-based remission/LDA. DAPSA-based remission/LDA performed better than VLDA/MDA to detect patient-defined remission or remission/LDA. Further studies of long-term outcomes are needed.
Humanised effector-null FcγRIIA antibody inhibits immune complex-mediated proinflammatory responses
Authors: Bo Chen, Katherine A Vousden, Brian Naiman, Sean Turman, Hong Sun, Shu Wang, Lisa M K Vinall, Benjamin P Kemp, Srinath Kasturiangan, D Gareth Rees, Ethan Grant, Mary Jane Hinrichs, Steven Eck, Antonio DiGiandomenico, M Jack Borrok, Neang Ly, Ximing Xiong, Carlos Gonzalez, Christopher Morehouse, Yue Wang, Yebin Zhou, Jennifer Cann, Weiguang Zhao, Holly Koelkebeck, Koshu Okubo, Tanya N Mayadas, David Howe, Janet Griffiths, Roland Kolbeck, Ronald Herbst, Gary P Sims
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

Objective Immune complexes (ICs) play a critical role in the pathology of autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to generate and characterise a first-in-class anti-FcγRIIA antibody (Ab) VIB9600 (previously known as MEDI9600) that blocks IgG immune complex-mediated cellular activation for clinical development. Methods VIB9600 was humanised and optimised from the IV.3 Ab. Binding affinity and specificity were determined by Biacore and ELISA. Confocal microscopy, Flow Cytometry-based assays and binding competition assays were used to assess the mode of action of the antibody. In vitro cell-based assays were used to demonstrate suppression of IC-mediated inflammatory responses. In vivo target suppression and efficacy was demonstrated in FcγRIIA-transgenic mice. Single-dose pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic study multiple dose Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) toxicity studies were conducted in non-human primates. Results We generated a humanised effector-deficient anti-FcγRIIA antibody (VIB9600) that potently blocks autoantibody and IC-mediated proinflammatory responses. VIB9600 suppresses FcγRIIA activation by blocking ligand engagement and by internalising FcγRIIA from the cell surface. VIB9600 inhibits IC-induced type I interferons from plasmacytoid dendritic cells (involved in SLE), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-induced production of reactive oxygen species by neutrophils (involved in ANCA-associated vasculitis) and IC-induced tumour necrosis factor α and interleukin-6 production (involved in rheumatoid arthritis). In FcγRIIA transgenic mice, VIB9600 suppressed antiplatelet antibody-induced thrombocytopaenia, acute anti-GBM Ab-induced nephritis and anticollagen Ab-induced arthritis. VIB9600 also exhibited favourable PK and safety profiles in cynomolgus monkey studies. Conclusions VIB9600 is a specific humanised antibody antagonist of FcγRIIA with null effector function that warrants further clinical development for the treatment of IC-mediated diseases.
Perioperative mortality and morbidity after sublobar versus lobar resection for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer: post-hoc analysis of an international, randomised, phase 3 trial (CALGB/Alliance 140503)
Authors: Nasser K Altorki, Xiaofei Wang, Dennis Wigle, Lin Gu, Gail Darling, Ahmad S Ashrafi, Rodney Landrenau, Daniel Miller, Moishe Liberman, David R Jones, Robert Keenan, Massimo Conti, Gavin Wright, Linda J Veit, Suresh S Ramalingam, Mohamed Kamel, Harvey I Pass, John D Mitchell, Thomas Stinchcombe, Everett Vokes, Leslie J Kohman
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2018)
An Oncolytic Virus Expressing a T-cell Engager Simultaneously Targets Cancer and Immunosuppressive Stromal Cells
Authors: Joshua D. Freedman, Margaret R. Duffy, Janet Lei-Rossmann, Alice Muntzer, Eleanor M. Scott, Joachim Hagel, Leticia Campo, Richard J. Bryant, Clare Verrill, Adam Lambert, Paul Miller, Brian R. Champion, Leonard W. Seymour, Kerry D. Fisher
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Effective immunotherapy of stromal-rich tumors requires simultaneous targeting of cancer cells and immunosuppressive elements of the microenvironment. Here, we modified the oncolytic group B adenovirus enadenotucirev to express a stroma-targeted bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE). This BiTE bound fibroblast activation protein on cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) and CD3ϵ on T cells, leading to potent T-cell activation and fibroblast death. Treatment of fresh clinical biopsies, including malignant ascites and solid prostate cancer tissue, with FAP-BiTE–encoding virus induced activation of tumor-infiltrating PD1+ T cells to kill CAFs. In ascites, this led to depletion of CAF-associated immunosuppressive factors, upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, and increased gene expression of markers of antigen presentation, T-cell function, and trafficking. M2-like ascites macrophages exhibited a proinflammatory repolarization, indicating spectrum-wide alteration of the tumor microenvironment. With this approach, we have actively killed both cancer cells and tumor fibroblasts, reversing CAF-mediated immunosuppression and yielding a potent single-agent therapeutic that is ready for clinical assessment. Significance: An engineered oncolytic adenovirus that encodes a bispecific antibody combines direct virolysis with endogenous T-cell activation to attack stromal fibroblasts, providing a multimodal treatment strategy within a single therapeutic agent.
Evaluation of New Tests and Interventions for Prostate Cancer Management: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ghadeer Olleik, Wassim Kassouf, Armen Aprikian, Jason Hu, Marie Vanhuyse, Fabio Cury, Stuart Peacock, Elin Bonnevier, Ebba Palenius, Alice Dragomir
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2018)

Background: Inaccurate risk classification and the burden of unnecessary biopsies are a challenge due to the limited ability of current risk assessment tools and modalities to diagnose prostate cancer (PCa) and distinguish indolent from aggressive disease. This systematic review assesses newly developed tests and interventions with high evidence of clinical utility that might be adopted in clinical practice during PCa management before initial and repeat biopsy, after positive biopsy, and after radical treatment. Methods: The Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases were searched for studies pertaining to the clinical utility of PCa diagnostic tests. Outcomes of interest were (1) a measure of the percentage of altered decision-making, (2) decrease in number of unnecessary biopsies, (3) decrease or increase in treatment intensity, and (4) risk reclassification after test results. Results: The search yielded 2,940 articles, of which 46 met the inclusion criteria. We found clinical utility evidence on the Prostate Health Index (PHI), 4Kscore test, MRI, OncotypeDX, Decipher test, Prolaris, ConfirmMDx, Progensa PCA3, NADiA ProsVue, and ProMark. No evidence was identified for Prostarix, ProstaVysion, Prostate Core Mitomic Test, and Mi-Prostate Score. The interventions demonstrated their clinical utility in terms of change in treatment recommendations, decrease/increase in interventional treatment, decrease in biopsy, and risk reclassification. At diagnosis after a positive biopsy, ProMark, OncotypeDX, Prolaris, and MRI guided the use of active surveillance. Use of NADiA ProsVue, Decipher, and Prolaris aided in the decision to add adjuvant therapy post-prostatectomy. PHI, 4Kscore, and MRI used prior initial and repeat biopsies, and ConfirmMDx and Progensa PCA3 used prior repeat biopsies to improve prediction of biopsy outcome, allowing a decrease in unnecessary biopsies. Conclusions: This systematic review suggests that implementation of these tests in clinical practice could effectuate personalized treatment of PCa. Further clinical and economic evaluation studies of long-term PCa outcomes are warranted to provide further guidance.
Use of folfirinox chemotherapy in an Australasian population of pancreatic cancer
Authors: A. Jalali, M. Lee, C. Semira, S. Banks, H.-L. Wong, S. Ananda, L. Lipton, J.D. Shapiro, P. Cooray, K. Clarke, M. Burge, R. Wong, J.A. Shapiro, S.-A. McLachlan, M. Harris, D. Croagh, N. Tebbutt, P. Gibbs, B. Lee
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Reactivation of Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase-Driven Pyrimidine Biosynthesis Restores Tumor Growth of Respiration-Deficient Cancer Cells
Authors: Martina Bajzikova, Jaromira Kovarova, Ana R. Coelho, Stepana Boukalova, Sehyun Oh, Katerina Rohlenova, David Svec, Sona Hubackova, Berwini Endaya, Kristyna Judasova, Ayenachew Bezawork-Geleta, Katarina Kluckova, Laurent Chatre, Renata Zobalova, Anna Novakova, Katerina Vanova, Zuzana Ezrova, Ghassan J. Maghzal, Silvia Magalhaes Novais, Marie Olsinova, Linda Krobova, Yong Jin An, Eliska Davidova, Zuzana Nahacka, Margarita Sobol, Teresa Cunha-Oliveira, Cristian Sandoval-Acuña, Hynek Strnad, Tongchuan Zhang, Thanh Huynh, Teresa L. Serafim, Pavel Hozak, Vilma A. Sardao, Werner J.H. Koopman, Miria Ricchetti, Paulo J. Oliveira, Frantisek Kolar, Mikael Kubista, Jaroslav Truksa, Katerina Dvorakova-Hortova, Karel Pacak, Robert Gurlich, Roland Stocker, Yaoqi Zhou, Michael V. Berridge, Sunghyouk Park, Lanfeng Dong, Jakub Rohlena, Jiri Neuzil
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2018)
Transcriptomic Systems Biology Analyses with Buparlisib (BKM120) Pan PI3K Inhibition in Canine B Cell Lymphoma (BCL): Leveraging Comparative Oncology for Cancer Therapeutics and Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Ravi Dashnamoorthy, Afshin Beheshti, Sarah Cass, Athena Kritharis, Kristine Burgess, Cheryl London, Andrew M. Evens
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract P287: Cardiorespiratory Fitness is Associated With Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Adolescents
Authors: Eunduck Park, Devin Volding, Wendell Taylor, Wenyaw Chan, Janet Meininger
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Low cardiorespiratory fitness (fitness) and high levels of adiposity are independently associated with higher levels of blood pressure in adolescents. However, it remains uncertain whether the associations between fitness and blood pressure are due to fitness itself or results from lower levels of adiposity. Moreover, there are no studies that have determined the extent to which adiposity, including central adiposity, moderates the association between fitness and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP). Hypotheses: 1. Higher levels of fitness will be associated with lower levels of ambulatory systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure after adjusting for adiposity and covariates. 2. With adjustments for covariates, adiposity (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC]) will modify the association between fitness and 24-hour SBP and DBP. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Houston, TX with a sample of 370 adolescents aged 11-16 years. Demographically, the sample was 54% female, 37% African American, 31% Hispanic, 29% non-Hispanic white, and 3% other ethnic/racial groups. Fitness was assessed by a height-adjusted step test and estimated by heart rate recovery, defined as the difference between peak heart rate during exercise and heart rate two minutes post-exercise. Adiposity was measured using dichotomized values for percentiles of BMI (≥ 85 th ) and WC (≥ 50 th ). Ambulatory SBP and DBP (Spacelabs model 90207) were measured every 30-60 minutes over 24 hours on a school day. Mixed-effects regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses with the following covariates: activity, location, and position at the time of each ABP measurement, height, age, sex, ethnicity, sexual maturation level, and mother’s education level. Results: Hypothesis 1: Each unit increase in fitness was associated with a decrease of SBP (-0.058 mmHg, p = 0.001) and DBP (-0.043 mmHg, p &lt; 0.0001) after adjustment for WC and covariates. Each unit increase in fitness was associated with a decrease in SBP (-0.058 mmHg, p = 0.001) and DBP (-0.045 mmHg, p &lt; 0.0001) after adjustment for BMI and covariates. Hypothesis 2: Fitness and BMI ≥ 85 th percentile (or WC ≥ 50 th percentile) interactions were not significantly associated with ambulatory SBP or DBP after adjustment for covariates. Conclusions: Our findings indicate a small but statistically significant inverse effect of fitness on 24-hour ABP in adolescents, and no evidence of a modifying effect of adiposity on this association. Further research is needed to better understand the protective role of fitness on cardiovascular health in adolescents.