tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Palliative care physicians' beliefs toward hematology and the care of patients with hematologic diseases: Results of a nationwide survey.
Authors: Wil Leonard Santivasi, Kelly Wu, Mark Robert Litzow, Thomas William LeBlanc, Jacob J Strand
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

95 Background: Palliative care (PC) specialists provide supportive care for patients with hematologic diseases (HD). However, the degree of engagement by PC physicians may be limited by the views of both PC physicians &amp; hematologists. Prior studies have surveyed hematologists to identify barriers to delivery of PC, however PC physician views are unclear. This study aimed to examine views of PC physicians toward hematology. Methods: A survey was mailed to a random sample of the AAHPM physician contact list in 2017. Items focused on perceptions of their understanding of HD, comfort providing care, opinions regarding PC &amp; hospice involvement, &amp; beliefs about hematologists. Anonymized responses were assessed on a Likert scale. Statistical testing was based on logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations to account for correlated data within respondents. Results: 538 of 1000 surveys were completed. 51.9% of respondents were male. Community (37.2%), academic (36.7%) &amp; hospice (26.2%) physicians were represented. Respondents were likelier to believe they understand the trajectories of lymphoma &amp; myeloma than leukemia or patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) (p &lt; 0.001). They were more comfortable discussing prognosis (p &lt; 0.001) &amp; managing symptoms (p &lt; 0.001) in lymphoma &amp; myeloma than leukemia &amp; HSCT. They were likelier to believe that hematologists’ perceptions of PC physicians limit collaboration rather than their own views of hematologists (p &lt; 0.001). 80.2% agreed that hospice referrals are not made early enough. Conclusions: PC physicians’ understanding of trajectories &amp; comfort caring for patients varies by hematologic disease. They perceive that hematologists’ perceptions are a larger barrier than their own &amp; hospice referrals are delayed. These results provide insights into opportunities for better collaboration with hematologists.
Assessment of Surrogates’ Knowledge of Patients’ Treatment Goals and Confidence in Their Ability to Make Surrogate Treatment Decisions
Authors: Terri R. Fried, Maria Zenoni, Lynne Iannone, John R. O’Leary
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

This study uses telephone interviews of patients and their surrogates to evaluate surrogates' knowledge of patients' treatment goals and confidence in their ability to make patients' treatment decisions.
Gene Therapy for Sickle Cell Anemia Using a Modified Gamma Globin Lentivirus Vector and Reduced Intensity Conditioning Transplant Shows Promising Correction of the Disease Phenotype
Authors: Punam Malik, Michael Grimley, Charles T. Quinn, Amy Shova, Little Courtney, Carolyn Lutzko, Theodosia A. Kalfa, Omar Niss, Parinda A Mehta, Sharat Chandra, Elke Grassman, Johannes C.M. Van der Loo, Scott Witting, Diana Nordling, Archana Shreshta, Sydney Felker, Catherine Terrell, Lilith Reeves, Devin Pillis, Loberg Anastacia, Frederic D Bushman, Jennifer Knight-Madden, Karen Kalinyak, Stella M. Davies, Monika Asnani
Journal: Blood (2018)
Outcome of liver transplantation for hepatopulmonary syndrome: a Eurotransplant experience
Authors: Sarah Raevens, Xavier Rogiers, Anja Geerts, Xavier Verhelst, Undine Samuel, Marieke van Rosmalen, Gabriela Berlakovich, Jean Delwaide, Olivier Detry, Frank Lehner, Jens Mittler, Silvio Nadalin, Frederik Nevens, Jacques Pirenne, Fuat Saner, Stefan Schneeberger, Dirk Stippel, Marjana Turk Jerovsek, Mathe Zoltan, Roberto Ivan Troisi, Hans Van Vlierberghe, Isabelle Colle
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a pulmonary vascular complication of liver disease that affects up to 30% of patients with cirrhosis [1]. Intrapulmonary vascular dilatations and shunts result in gas exchange abnormalities, ranging from elevated alveolar–arterial oxygen gradients with no hypoxaemia to very severe hypoxaemia [1, 2]. Currently, liver transplantation (LT) is the only treatment option [3]. The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) is a scoring system for assessing liver disease severity that has been validated to predict the 3-month waiting list mortality and is used by Eurotransplant for prioritising allocation of liver transplants [4]. However, this score poorly predicts overall and post-transplant survival, and does not take into account complications that affect outcomes independent of liver disease severity [5]. Equal overall survival among liver transplantation candidates supports current prioritisation policy for severe hepatopulmonary syndrome <http://ow.ly/4SQS30mwOtK> The authors thank Roos Colman (Dept of Public Health, Biostatistics Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium) for her assistance in the statistical analysis of the data, the Eurotransplant representatives for supporting the organisation of this work and all Eurotransplant liver transplantation centres for providing data to the Eurotransplant registry.
Iron oxide nanozyme suppresses intracellular <i>Salmonella</i> Enteritidis growth and alleviates infection <i>in vivo</i>
Authors: Shourong Shi, Shu Wu, Yiru Shen, Shan Zhang, Yunqi Xiao, Xi He, Jiansen Gong, Yuhua Farnell, Yan Tang, Yixin Huang, Lizeng Gao
Journal: Theranostics (2018)

Rational:Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is a globally significant zoonotic foodborne pathogen which has led to large numbers of deaths in humans and caused economic losses in animal husbandry. S. Enteritidis invades host cells and survives within the cells, causing resistance to antibiotic treatment. Effective methods of elimination and eradication of intracellular S. Enteritidis are still very limited. Here we evaluated whether a new intracellular antibacterial strategy using iron oxide nanozymes (IONzymes) exerted highly antibacterial efficacy via its intrinsic peroxidase-like activity in vitro and in vivo.Methods: The antibacterial activities of IONzymes against planktonic S. Enteritidis, intracellular S. Enteritidis in Leghorn Male Hepatoma-derived cells (LMH), and liver from specific pathogen free (SPF) chicks were investigated by spread-plate colony count method and cell viability assay. Changes in levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), a widely used marker for autophagosomes, were analyzed by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was also assessed in vitro. High-throughput RNA sequencing was used to investigate the effects of IONzymes on liver transcriptome of S. Enteritidis-infected chicks. Results: We demonstrated that IONzymes had high biocompatibility with cultured LMH cells and chickens, which significantly inhibited intracellular S. Enteritidis survival in vitro and in vivo. In addition, co-localization of IONzymes with S. Enteritidis were observed in autophagic vacuoles of LMH cells and liver of chickens infected by S. Enteritidis, indicating that IONzymes mediated antibacterial reaction of S. Enteritidis with autophagic pathway. We found ROS level was significantly increased in infected LMH cells treated with IONzymes, which might enhance the autophagic elimination of intracellular S. Enteritidis. Moreover, orally administered IONzymes decreased S. Enteritidis organ invasion of the liver and prevented pathological lesions in a chicken-infection model. Non-target transcriptomic profiling also discovered IONzymes could change hepatic oxidation-reduction and autophagy related gene expressions in the S. Enteritidis infected chickens. Conclusion: These data suggest that IONzymes can increase ROS levels to promote the antibacterial effects of acid autophagic vacuoles, and thus suppress the establishment and survival of invading intracellular S. Enteritidis. As a result, IONzymes may be a novel alternative to current antibiotics for the control of intractable S. Enteritidis infections.
The 150 most important questions in cancer research and clinical oncology series: questions 94–101
Journal: Cancer Communications (2018)

Since the beginning of 2017, Cancer Communications (former title: Chinese Journal of Cancer) has published a series of important questions regarding cancer research and clinical oncology, to provide an enhanced stimulus for cancer research, and to accelerate collaborations between institutions and investigators. In this edition, the following 8 valuable questions are presented. Question 94. The origin of tumors: time for a new paradigm? Question 95. How can we accelerate the identification of biomarkers for the early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma? Question 96. Can we improve the treatment outcomes of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through precision medicine guided by a combination of the genetic and proteomic information of the tumor? Question 97. What are the parameters that determine a competent immune system that gives a complete response to cancers after immune induction? Question 98. Is high local concentration of metformin essential for its anti-cancer activity? Question 99. How can we monitor the emergence of cancer cells anywhere in the body through plasma testing? Question 100. Can phytochemicals be more specific and efficient at targeting P-glycoproteins to overcome multi-drug resistance in cancer cells? Question 101. Is cell migration a selectable trait in the natural evolution of carcinoma?
Abstract 19546: Polyhedrocytes in the Intracoronary Thrombus During Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jaroslaw Zalewski, Lukasz Lewicki, Jadwiga Nessler, Anetta Undas
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: The tightly-packed arrays of polyhedral erythrocytes - polyhedrocytes (Figure) have been detected in the intracoronary thrombus (ICT), however mechanism of their formation in the ICT ...
WITHDRAWN: Magnetic and CD44 receptor dual targeting redox-responsive polymeric micelle for precise delivery of Gambogic acid to triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Mangmang Sang, Lingfei Han, Renjie Luo, Fulei Liu, Yang Wang, Wei Qu, Feng Zheng, Wenyuan Liu, Feng Feng
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2018)

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
Phase I/II Study of Stem-Cell Transplantation Using a Single Cord Blood Unit Expanded Ex Vivo With Nicotinamide
Authors: Mitchell E. Horwitz, Stephen Wease, Beth Blackwell, David Valcarcel, Francesco Frassoni, Jaap Jan Boelens, Stefan Nierkens, Madan Jagasia, John E. Wagner, Jurgen Kuball, Liang Piu Koh, Navneet S. Majhail, Patrick J. Stiff, Rabi Hanna, William Y.K. Hwang, Joanne Kurtzberg, Daniela Cilloni, Laurence S. Freedman, Pau Montesinos, Guillermo Sanz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

Purpose Increasing the number of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells within an umbilical cord blood (UCB) graft shortens the time to hematopoietic recovery after UCB transplantation. In this study, we assessed the safety and efficacy of a UCB graft that was expanded ex vivo in the presence of nicotinamide and transplanted after myeloablative conditioning as a stand-alone hematopoietic stem-cell graft. Methods Thirty-six patients with hematologic malignancies underwent transplantation at 11 sites. Results The cumulative incidence of neutrophil engraftment at day 42 was 94%. Two patients experienced secondary graft failure attributable to viral infections. Hematopoietic recovery was compared with that observed in recipients of standard UCB transplantation as reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (n = 146). The median time to neutrophil recovery was 11.5 days (95% CI, 9 to 14 days) for recipients of nicotinamide-expanded UCB and 21 days (95% CI, 20 to 23 days) for the comparator (P < .001). The median time to platelet recovery was 34 days (95% CI, 32 to 42 days) and 46 days (95% CI, 42 to 50 days) for the expanded and the comparator cohorts, respectively (P < .001). The cumulative incidence of grade 2 to 4 acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) at day 100 was 44%, and grade 3 and 4 acute GVHD at day 100 was 11%. The cumulative incidence at 2 years of all chronic GVHD was 40%, and moderate/severe chronic GVHD was 10%. The 2-year cumulative incidences of nonrelapse mortality and relapse were 24% and 33%, respectively. The 2-year probabilities of overall and disease-free survival were 51% and 43%, respectively. Conclusion UCB expanded ex vivo with nicotinamide shortens median neutrophil recovery by 9.5 days (95% CI, 7 to 12 days) and median platelet recovery by 12 days (95% CI, 3 to 16.5 days). This trial establishes feasibility, safety, and efficacy of an ex vivo expanded UCB unit as a stand-alone graft.
Abstract 19464: Cathepsin K Knockout Inhibits Calcification, Migration and Proliferation of Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Rui Guo, Jun Ren, Sreejayan Nair
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Vascular calcification and intimal thickening are key features of atherosclerosis. Upon arterial injury, quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) switch from a ‘contractile’ to ...
Decision Making in Colostomy Closure
Authors: Marc D. Basson
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
Authors: Mark J Siedner, Ethan Tumarkin, Isaac I Bogoch
Journal: BMJ (2018)

### What you need to know

A 22 year old man presented to the emergency department for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Twenty six hours previously, he had anal receptive intercourse without a condom with a man of unknown HIV serostatus. He had immediate testing for HIV (using a fourth generation antibody/antigen assay as recommended 12 ), hepatitis B and C serologies, syphilis serology, and urine nucleic acid amplification tests for gonorrhoea and chlamydia. In the emergency department he received a three day supply of combined emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF/FTC) (one tablet, daily) plus raltegravir (400 mg twice daily). He was referred to be seen urgently in the next three days in an outpatient clinic for continuing management. 

PEP is a safe and effective HIV prevention modality for people with a recent (within 72 hours) exposure to HIV. People with HIV exposure often present to primary care clinics and emergency departments, so it is useful for non-specialists to have confidence in prescribing PEP. Clinicians caring for people presenting with a recent HIV exposure require knowledge of recommended diagnostic testing after sexual exposure and blood borne exposure, PEP regimens, schedule of short and long term follow-up, and the potential for physical and psychological trauma (eg, in the case of sexual assault). This article offers practical advice and resources for clinicians caring for individuals who present for care after an actual or potential exposure to HIV that …
Abstract 13071: Computational Simulation of Virtual Ross Operation
Authors: Yue Xuan, Ismail El-Hamamsy, Francois-Pierre Mongeon, Richard Leask, Elaine E Tseng, Liang Ge
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Unlike other bioprosthetic and mechanical valve replacement strategies, the Ross procedure has been shown to normalize patient survival comparable to an age-matched general population. However, one of the main limitations of the Ross procedure is the need for reoperation due to autograft dilatation or aortic insufficiency. The objective of this study was to develop a patient-specific virtual Ross operation with full root-replacement technique using computational simulation to investigate pulmonary autograft biomechanics early after surgery. Methods: A patient scheduled for Ross procedure underwent preoperative cine-cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI lumen geometry was used to create surface contour meshes of aortic sinuses and pulmonary autograft. Using reverse engineering approach, zero-pressure geometries of aortic root and pulmonary autograft were created; unloaded wall thickness and autograft material properties were included. Using LS-DYNA software, simulations were performed of surgical suturing aortic root replacement with a pulmonary autograft. Sutured autograft and remaining aorta were then loaded to systemic pressure. Results: Average von Mises stress increased from 62kPa preoperatively in the native pulmonary root in situ at pulmonary pressure to 373.8kPa in the autograft as root replacement at systemic pressure, while postoperative von Mises stress in remaining aortic wall was 107.1kPa (fig 1). Conclusions: We performed patient-specific virtual Ross operation using computational simulation. Increased stress in pulmonary autograft indicated areas prone to possible structural failure. Reinforcement in these regions to support autograft wall may reduce future reoperation. Such patient-specific simulations to analyze stress concentrations may be an effective tool to optimize surgical techniques and determine patient-specific risk of aneurysm formation.
The Platelet Napoleon Complex—Small Cells, but Big Immune Regulatory Functions
Authors: Craig N. Morrell, Daphne N. Pariser, Zachary T. Hilt, Denisse Vega Ocasio
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2018)

Platelets have dual physiologic roles as both cellular mediators of thrombosis and immune modulatory cells. Historically, the thrombotic function of platelets has received significant research and clinical attention, but emerging research indicates that the immune regulatory roles of platelets may be just as important. We now know that in addition to their role in the acute thrombotic event at the time of myocardial infarction, platelets initiate and accelerate inflammatory processes that are part of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction expansion. Furthermore, it is increasingly apparent from recent studies that platelets impact the pathogenesis of many vascular inflammatory processes such as autoimmune diseases, sepsis, viral infections, and growth and metastasis of many types of tumors. Therefore, we must consider platelets as immune cells that affect all phases of immune responses.
Universal CARs, universal T cells, and universal CAR T cells
Authors: Juanjuan Zhao, Quande Lin, Yongping Song, Delong Liu
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2018)

Currently, the two approved T cell products with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) are from autologous T cells. These CAR T cells approved for clinical use must be generated on a custom-made basis. This case-by-case autologous T cell production platform remains a significant limiting factor for large-scale clinical application due to the costly and lengthy production process. There is also an inherent risk of production failure. The individualized, custom-made autologous CAR T cell production process also posts constriction on the wide application on diverse tumor types. Therefore, universal allogeneic T cells are needed for the preparation of universal CAR T cells that can serve as the "off-the-shelf" ready-to-use therapeutic agents for large-scale clinical applications. Genome-editing technologies including ZFN (zinc finger nuclease), TALEN (transcription activator-like effector nuclease), and CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to generate the universal third-party T cells. In addition, split, universal, and programmable (SUPRA) CARs are being developed to enhance the flexibility and controllability of CAR T cells. The engineered universal T cells and universal CARs are paving the road for a totally new generation of CAR T cells capable of targeting multiple antigens and/ or being delivered to multiple recipients without re-editing of T cells. This may escalate to a new wave of revolution in cancer immunotherapy. This review summarized the latest advances on designs and development of universal CARs, universal T cells, and clinical application of universal CAR T cells.
Regional Hyperthermia With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Treatment of Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Sergey Roussakow
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
通过光动力治疗实现人皮肤的 MRSA 非殖民化治疗
Authors: M. Schreiner, W. Bäumler, D. Eckl, A. Späth, B. König, A. Eichner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

作为医院感染的来源之一, 患者皮肤表面(载体)存在潜在有害细菌, 它们不会产生感染, 但在某些条件下可能传播给其他人。皮肤表面生活的细菌也会导致湿疹恶化。目前去除这些微生物(细菌)皮肤的方法包括给患者使用局部抗生素(皮肤上的)或口服抗生素(口服),但随着时间的推移, 这种策略被认为导致了抗生素耐药性, 这意味着抗生素不再能杀死细菌。本文中描述的是由德国雷根斯堡大学的一个小组进行的研究。他们使用切掉的猪和人体皮肤样本, 在样本中加入耐药细菌,如耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌或 MRSA, 然后用一种化学溶液对皮肤进行处理, 这种化学溶液的作用是增加对光的敏感性。皮肤样本随后暴露在光源下,这一过程被称为光动力激活。他们发现这种技术可以在不损害皮肤细胞的情况下, 大量减少细菌的数量。作者建议,这一过程现在应该作为一种更安全的方法来研究, 以减少表面细菌运输, 而不增加细菌耐药性的风险,也不损害皮肤。
Abstract 16896: A Learning Collaborative Model in Chicago to Improve Door to Needle for Stroke Thrombolysis: Sustainability Made Possible
Authors: Shyam Prabhakaran, Renee Sednew, Kathleen O'Neill
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Significant opportunity remains to reduce door-to-needle (DTN) times for stroke despite regional and national efforts. However, given time and FTE constraints of many health care instit...