tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 21207: Use of Digoxin, an Inhibitor of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1A Synthesis, is Associated With Decreased Incidence of Gastrointestinal and Arteriovenous Malformations Related Bleeding in Patients With Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Sasha Vukelic, Peter Vlismas, Sade Watts, Omar Saeed, Daniel Sims, Snehal R Patel, Ulrich Jorde
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) occurs in 20-40% of patients with continuous flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) during the first years of follow up and is most commonly due to arteriovenous malformations (AVM). Although the precise pathophysiology of AVM formation during CF-LVAD support has not been established, it is postulated that hypoperfusion in the splanchnic vascular territory and resultant hypoxia may activate the angiogenesis signaling cascade via the HIF1α/angiopoietin-2 pathway. Interestingly, digoxin is a potent inhibitor of HIF1α synthesis. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that digoxin therapy can be associated with a decrease incidence of GI and AVM bleeding in CF-LVADs patients. Methods: Charts of all adult patients implanted with CF-LVAD between February 2006 and February 2017 were reviewed with emphasis on occurrence and etiology of GIB. Kaplan Meier (KM) and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the frequency of overall GI and AVM bleeding and their association with digoxin therapy. Results: Sixty-two of 204 patients (30%) experienced a GIB and 20 of 62 (32%) bleeds were due to AVM. Both overall frequency of GIB (18% vs 37% of patients, p &lt; 0.05) and AVM bleeding (3% vs 14% of patients, p &lt; 0.05) were lower in the 73 patients receiving digoxin compared to the 131 patients not receiving digoxin during an average observation time of 516 and 446 days, respectively. Survival free of GIB was significantly higher in digoxin treated patients in KM analysis (Fig1). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that digoxin therapy was independently associated with a reduced risk for overall GIB (odds ratio 0.35, 95% confidence interval 0.17-0.75) as well as AVM bleeding (odds ratio 0.19, 95% confidence interval 0.35-0.52). Conclusions: Use of digoxin was associated with a significant reduction in overall GIB as well as AVM bleeding. Prospective studies are needed to validate this finding and its mechanistic underpinnings.
P2.06-024 Tedopi vs Standard Treatment as 2nd or 3rd Line in HLA-A2 Positive Advanced NSCLC Patients in a Phase 3, Randomized Trial: ATALANTE-1
Authors: Benjamin Besse, Sylvestre Le Moulec, Julien Mazieres, Damien Pouessel, Istvan Albert, Giampiero Romano, Nicolas Girard, Eric Pichon, Olivier Molinier, Christos Chouaid, Romain Corre, Jordi Remon, Rafal Dziadziuszko, Enriqueta Felip, Giuseppe Giaccone
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Human Endogenous Retrovirus K and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Miranda K. Culley, Stephen Y. Chan
Journal: Circulation (2017)

ulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a deleterious disease of the lung vasculature characterized by endothelial dysfunction, medial hypertrophy and proliferation, and eventual occlusion of the pulmonary arterioles.Although a number of genetic and environmental triggers have been described as causative, the specific molecular origins of this vascular disease are still unknown.Multiple lines of evidence now converge to connect immune dysregulation to PAH in humans and animal models.Previous reports suggest that altered inflammatory dynamics, such as hematopoietic and myeloid expansion, B-and T-cell dysfunction, increased cytokine production, circulating autoantibodies, and tertiary lymphoid tissue neogenesis, may initiate or drive PAH. 1 Clinically, a well-established causative link exists between autoimmune connective tissue disorders and PAH.Furthermore, infectious agents, such as Schistosoma mansoni and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), are known to alter the immune cell repertoire and predispose to the development of PAH.However, a mechanistic understanding of the exogenous or endogenous factors that drive immune dysfunction remains largely undefined.Prior studies have aimed to characterize the role of exogenous viruses in PAH.For example, HIV-associated PAH has been attributed to decreased CD4+ T-cell function, indicating a role for T-cell-mediated immune dysregulation. 2 Separately, HIV-encoded proteins such as Nef have been reported to be pleiotropic meditators promoting inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in PAH, independent of vascular infection.Human herpesvirus 8 infection, often observed coincident with HIV, is the causative agent for Kaposi sarcoma-tumors characterized by endothelial hyperproliferation with histology similar to that observed in plexiform lesions of end-stage PAH.A role for humanherpes virus 8 in PAH was proposed by demonstrating upregulation of human herpes virus 8 viral protein and genomic expression in PAH lung tissue. 3However, these results have not been observed in separate, larger patient cohorts. 4Additionally, connections have been proposed between PAH and chronic infection of Epstein-Barr virus and hepatitis C virus.In this issue of Circulation, Saito et al 5 present evidence supporting a novel model of pathogenesis, implicating an endogenous, rather than an exogenous, retrovirus in the inflammatory processes of PAH.Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are ancestral proviruses classified as mobile genetic elements.Although these viruses no longer replicate, they can be transmitted vertically and are activated by infection or other stressors.Activation may lead to transcription or mobilization of HERV genes, resulting in functional abnormalities and chromosomal instability. 6HERV-K sequences are transcriptionally active and have been associated with chronic inflammatory conditions such as cancer, 6 neurological disorders, and other autoimmune diseases.
Hacia una optimización de la vigilancia de la resistencia a los fármacos antituberculosos en Europa
Authors: M. C. Raviglione, M A Espinal
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2000)

En los ultimos diez anos, la consolidacion de la vigilancia de la tuberculosis (TB) se ha convertido en una prioridad sanitaria para toda Europa. En Europa occidental, la incidencia de la TB freno en esos anos su anterior disminucion, mientras que en Europa del Este se registro un importante aumento, duplicandose a menudo las tasas de notificacion (1). Esta situacion llevo a epidemiologos y expertos en salud publica a replantear la forma de vigilar el curso de la epidemia. Pronto se demostro que no existia un estandar de vigilancia claramente definido. Las definiciones y los sistemas de informacion presentaban grandes diferencias entre los distintos paises, dificultando enormemente las comparaciones internacionales en el ambito regional.
End-of-life (EOL) care in medical oncology fellows' clinics.
Authors: Yang Liu, Chethan Ramamurthy, Fern Anari, Asya Varshavsky, James Martin, Vineela Kasireddy, Adam Goldrich, Pooja Ghatalia, James Gerson, Chad Smith, Hayley Michelle Knollman, Carlyn Tan, Brian L. Egleston, Molly Collins, Efrat Dotan, Jessica Ruth Bauman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

75 Background: Medical oncology fellowship training presents a critical time for developing skills necessary for discussing end of life (EOL) care preferences with patients and delivering EOL care. There is little data exploring the delivery of EOL care by fellows in practice. We describe our fellows’ experience and identify areas to improve delivery of EOL care and communication. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records (EMR) of patients at our center with advanced (metastatic or recurrent) solid tumors who received care in fellows’ clinics and died between 7/1/2016 and 6/7/2017. We used Fisher’s exact test to determine associations between variables. Results: We included 103 patients from 46 distinct fellow clinics covered by 16 fellows. 54 (52%) were male; median age was 70 (37-94) years. 42 (40%) had a gastrointestinal malignancy, 31 (30%) had lung cancer. Median duration of advanced cancer was 12 (0.5-120) months. Patients received a median of 2 (1-10) lines of chemotherapy. 10 (10%) received chemotherapy within 14 days of death. 10 (10%) used outpatient palliative care (PC). 48 (47%) had EOL/hospice discussions in the outpatient clinic, while 10 (10%) had code status documented in a clinic encounter, and 20 (19%) had a copy of an advanced directive in the EMR. Median time from EOL discussion to death was 30 days (4-171). 69 (67%) enrolled in hospice and median length of stay on hospice was 18 days (1-142). 58 (56%) were hospitalized and 13 (13%) admitted to the ICU within 30 days of death. Of patients not enrolled in hospice, 8 (8%) died at home without hospice, 23 (22%) died in a hospital or ICU, 3 (3%) died in other or unknown places. Patients who had EOL discussions in clinic were more likely to enter hospice (p = .006) and less likely to be hospitalized (p = 0.016) within 30 days of death. Conclusions: Fellows at our center have significant exposure to outpatient EOL discussions and delivery of EOL care. EOL discussions in clinic were associated with decreased rates of health care utilization within 30 days of death. There were low rates of outpatient code status discussions and documentation of advanced directives, and few patients received outpatient PC, which represent potential areas to enhance fellow training and improve patient EOL care.
Tendances des infections génitales à chlamydia dans la région centre ouest de l’Irlande, 2001-2006
Authors: D Whyte, J Powell, M Horgan, N O’Connell, R FitzGerald, R Monahan, T Greally
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2007)

Les infections genitales a Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) font partie des infections bacteriennes sexuellement transmissibles (IST) les plus frequentes en Irlande.
Abstract 71: Model of Induced Ventricular Tachycardia and Cardiac Electrophysiological Mapping
Authors: Ike Chinyere, Kyle Weigand, Talal Moukabary, Russell Witte, Jordan Lancaster, Steven Goldman, Elizabeth Juneman
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

Introduction: We have developed a computer user interface able to provide prescribed programmed electrical stimulation (PES) to induce sustained-ventricular tachycardia (VT) in rats with chronic heart failure (CHF). We propose this program to examine the cardiac electrophysiology (EP) properties and arrhythmogenic potential in varying disease models and as a method of evaluating drug safety in an intact animal. Methods: Using custom MATLAB software developed in our laboratory, we performed monophasic action potential (MAP) recordings and initiated protocols to induce sustained-VT through right ventricular epicardium PES outputs. Studies were performed in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (N=22) six weeks after left coronary artery ligation under anesthesia and open chest. Results: CHF was verified by standard hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters as is standard in our laboratory. In the CHF group, 71% (10/14) of the rats exhibited sustained-VT in response to PES versus 0% (0/8) of Sham rats. MAP recordings taken prior-to and during VT induction provided examples of localized activity for arrhythmia mechanisms such as delayed afterdepolarizations. Mechanical alternans, electrical alternans, intermittent pulse generations, and pulseless electrical activity were all observed in this model. EP data analysis showed a decreased (p&lt;0.05) electrogram amplitude in border and infarct zones (Healthy (H): 8.7 ±2.1 mV, Border: 5.3±1.6 mV, Infarct (I): 2.3±1.2 mV), a similar trend for MAP amplitudes, and an increased (p&lt;0.05) repolarization heterogeneity in the border zone (H: 8.1±1.5 ms, B: 20.2±3.1 ms). Conclusions: We have developed a custom computer user interface capable of performing clinically relevant in-vivo EP studies in rats with CHF. This rat model reproduces common clinical prognosis factors such as mechanical alternans, electrical alternans, and pulseless electrical activity. These EP studies demonstrate this program’s ability to test the arrhythmogenic potential of pharmaceutic agents, biologics, and implantables in an intact animal model before clinical advancement. We introduce this program to study an animal model’s EP characteristics before, during, and after treatments for CHF, and potentially other disease states.
Tendances récentes de l’épidémiologie de VIH/Sida en Pologne, 1999 – 2004
Authors: M Rosinska
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2006)

Les premiers cas de VIH/sida en Pologne ont ete diagnostiques au milieu des annees quatre-vingt, et la premiere epidemie chez des utilisateurs de drogues injectables a ete observee en 1989. Pendant plusieurs annees, l’epidemie de VIH en Pologne touchait essentiellement les utilisateurs de drogues injectables. Dans l’etude presentee ici, nous etudions les tendances de l’epidemie VIH/sida d’apres les donnees de surveillance de 1999 a 2004. Au cours de cette periode, 3561 nouveaux cas d’infections par le VIH (taux annuel 15,4 pour 1 000 000 habitants) ont ete rapportes et 803 cas de sida (incidence 3,5 pour 1 000 000) ont ete diagnostiques. Le nombre annuel de nouveaux cas d’infections par le VIH et l’incidence annuelle des cas de sida montrent une legere augmentation. En particulier, l’incidence des cas de sida par transmission verticale a augmente de 0,46 pour 1 000 000 enfants de moins de 15 ans en 1999-2000 a 0,91 en 2003-2004. Chez environ 36% des patients atteints de sida ages de 15 ans ou moins, la seropositivite par le VIH n’avait pas ete diagnostiquee avant la declaration de la maladie. Le nombre annuel des patients depistes tardivement a augmente de maniere marquee entre 1999 et 2004 et etait plus importante parmi les sujets infectes par transmission sexuelle (51,0%) que parmi les sujets infectes par injection de drogues (20,1%). Les utilisateurs de drogues injectables representaient 78,6% des nouveaux cas d’infections par le VIH dont le mode de transmission etait connu, mais le mode de transmission n’etait pas rapporte dans 47,9% de l’ensemble des cas. 
Afin de disposer de donnees plus fiables, la surveillance de l’infection par le VIH doit etre amelioree. Quoi qu’il en soit, les donnees montrent clairement l’importance de la mise en place d’un programme de prevention de la transmission verticale et de mesures d’incitation au depistage du VIH en particulier chez les groupes a risque de transmission sexuelle. Il est important qu’un effort soit fait pour ameliorer la surveillance de l’infection par le VIH et la prevention dans le cadre des programmes sur les MST.
Abstract 18311: Demonstration That Focal Atrial Tachycardia Outside the Pulmonary Veins Can Drive Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From Classical and Panoramic Mapping
Authors: Junaid A Zaman, Ryan T Borne, Tina Baykaner, Shirley Park, Mohan Viswanathan, Paul J Wang, David E Krummen, William H Sauer, Sanjiv M Narayan
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: It is known that AF can be initiated by focal triggers near the pulmonary veins (PV), yet it is unproven if human AF can be sustained by repetitive focal atrial tachycardias (sources) r...
NSD3 keeps IRF3 active
Authors: Takashi Mino, Osamu Takeuchi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2017)

In this issue of JEM, Wang et al. (https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20170856) show a novel antiviral innate mechanism by which methyltransferase NSD3 directly monomethylates a transcription factor IRF3 and maintains IRF3 phosphorylation to enhance its transcriptional activity, consequently promoting antiviral innate immune responses.
Family companions’ involvement during pre-surgical consent visits for major cancer surgery and its relationship to visit communication and satisfaction.
Authors: Sarina Isenberg, Rebecca Aslakson, J Nicholas Dionne-Odom, Thomas J. Smith, Katherine Clegg Smith, Sarabdeep Singh, Jennifer L Wolff, Debra Roter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

30 Background: While research has explored the role of companions (accompanying family members) in medical visits, studies have not examined companions’ involvement in pre-surgical visits. This study explored how companions’ presence impacts communication and satisfaction during pre-surgical visits to discuss major cancer surgery. Methods: Secondary analysis of 61 pre-surgical visit recordings with 8 surgical oncologists at an academic tertiary care hospital. Recordings were analyzed using the Roter Interaction Analysis System, and surgeons and patients completed a post-visit satisfaction questionnaire. Poisson and logistic regression models were used to assess differences in communication and satisfaction when companions were present (n = 46, 75%) and not present (n = 16, 25%). Models were fit using generalized estimating equations to account for nesting of patients within surgeons. Results: Companion communication was largely emotional and facilitative. In unadjusted analyses, companion presence was associated with a 29% increase in surgeon talk in the visit overall (IRR 1.29, p = 0.006), and a 41% increase in the amount of medical information provided (IRR 1.41, p = 0.001). Companion presence was associated with 45% less patient disclosure related to lifestyle/psychosocial topics (IRR 0.55, p = 0.037). In adjusted analyses, companions’ presence was associated with 23% lower levels of patient-centeredness (IRR 0.77, p 0.004). No difference between visits with and without companions in patient nor surgeon satisfaction. Conclusions: Companions’ presence increased the medical focus of the discussion; surgeons conveyed more medical information, and patients disclosed less psychosocial information. Companions might perceive patients as anxious prior to major surgery, compelling companions to advocate for the patient. Companion’s presence might be beneficial; however, this benefit might not be captured by the patient-centeredness ratio. As there was no difference in satisfaction, patient and surgeon satisfaction may not be predicated on patient-centeredness, but on the conveyance of timely, surgery-related information. Clinical trial information: NCT02489799.
The minor alleles <i>HCP5</i> rs3099844 A and <i>PSORS1C1</i> rs3131003 G are associated with allopurinol-induced severe cutaneous adverse reactions in Han Chinese: a multicentre retrospective case-control clinical study
Authors: L. Cheng, B. Sun, Y. Xiong, L. Hu, L. Gao, Q. Lv, M. Zhou, J. Li, X. Chen, W. Zhang, H.-H. Zhou
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2017)
Psychological models of art reception must be empirically grounded
Authors: Marcos Nadal, Oshin Vartanian, Martin Skov
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract We commend Menninghaus et al. for tackling the role of negative emotions in art reception. However, their model suffers from shortcomings that reduce its applicability to empirical studies of the arts: poor use of evidence, lack of integration with other models, and limited derivation of testable hypotheses. We argue that theories about art experiences should be based on empirical evidence.
The evaluation of denosumab safety in patients with chronic kidney disease: An open-label study.
Authors: Geoffrey Block, Ogo Egbuna, Steven Zeig, Pablo E. Pergola, Bhupinder Singh, Ada H. Braun, Yao Yu, Winnie Sohn, Desmond Padhi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e20649 Background: Denosumab (Dmab) is approved for patients (pts) with bone metastases from solid tumors to prevent skeletal-related events. Impaired renal function can alter calcium homeostasis and inhibition of bone resorption may decrease the availability of exchangeable bone calcium. The incidence of hypocalcemia and safety parameters in pts with stage 4 or 5D chronic kidney disease (CKD) receiving Dmab was evaluated. Methods: Eligibility criteria included age ≥18 years, creatinine clearance <30 mL/min, and intact parathyroid levels <300 pg/mL. Pts were scheduled to receive two subcutaneous 120 mg doses of Dmab 28 days apart and were followed for 12 weeks. All pts received calcium and vitamin D. The primary endpoint was the incidence of albumin-adjusted serum calcium <7.0 mg/dL (1.75mmol/L) or symptomatic hypocalcemia. Endpoints included the incidence of adverse events (AEs), baseline changes in calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: Of the 32 pts enrolled, 31 received 2 Dmab doses (15 stage 4, 16 stage 5D); 1 stage 4 pt received only 1 dose before withdrawing consent. 50% were men, 78% were white, and the median age was 76 years. A higher incidence of clinically significant hypocalcemia, AEs, and AE of hypocalcemia occurred in the stage 5D group. For the stage 4 and stage 5D groups, the median percent change from baseline was 0.00% and –4.88% for calcium, –7.08% and –8.98% for phosphorus, and 0.00% and 1.92% for magnesium. Conclusions: The use of denosumab was generally well tolerated in CKD pts and the majority of hypocalcemic events were mild to moderate in severity. Stage 5D CKD pts were more likely to experience clinically significant hypocalcemia and symptomatic hypocalcemia than stage 4 pts. Pts receiving Dmab treatment should be supplemented with calcium and vitamin D and should be monitored closely as part of routine care. Clinical trial information: NCT01464931. CKD Pts Stage 4 N=16 Stage 5 N=16 All N=32 Clinically significant hypocalcemiaa 1 (6.3%) 2 (12.5%) 3 (9.4%) All AEs 10 (62.5%) 15 (93.8%) 25 (78.1%) Hypocalcemia 3 (18.8%) 10 (62.5%) 13 (40.6%) Hypomagnesemia 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) 0 (0.0%) Hypophosphatemia 0 (0.0%) 1 (6.3%) 1 (3.1%) aAlbumin-adjusted calcium <7.0 mg/dL, symptomatic hypocalcemia.
P2.04-004 IMpower010: A Phase III Study of Atezolizumab vs Best Supportive Care Following Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Completely Resected NSCLC
Authors: E. Felip, H. Wakelee, E. Vallieres, C. Zhou, Y. Zuo, F. Xia, A. Sandler, N. Altorki
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis Diagnosis and Management: High-Resolution Chest Computed Tomography, Transbronchial Lung Biopsy, and Pleural Disease Management. An Official American Thoracic Society/Japanese Respiratory Society Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Nishant Gupta, Geraldine A. Finlay, Robert M. Kotloff, Charlie Strange, Kevin C. Wilson, Lisa R. Young, Angelo M. Taveira-DaSilva, Simon R. Johnson, Vincent Cottin, Steven A. Sahn, Jay H. Ryu, Kuniaki Seyama, Yoshikazu Inoue, Gregory P. Downey, MeiLan K. Han, Thomas V. Colby, Kathryn A. Wikenheiser-Brokamp, Cristopher A. Meyer, Karen Smith, Joel Moss, Francis X. McCormack
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2017)

Recommendations regarding key aspects related to the diagnosis and pharmacological treatment of lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) were recently published. We now provide additional recommendations regarding four specific questions related to the diagnosis of LAM and management of pneumothoraces in patients with LAM.Systematic reviews were performed and then discussed by a multidisciplinary panel. For each intervention, the panel considered its confidence in the estimated effects, the balance of desirable (i.e., benefits) and undesirable (i.e., harms and burdens) consequences, patient values and preferences, cost, and feasibility. Evidence-based recommendations were then formulated, written, and graded using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) approach.For women who have cystic changes on high-resolution computed tomography of the chest characteristic of LAM, but who have no additional confirmatory features of LAM (i.e., clinical, radiologic, or serologic), the guideline panel made conditional recommendations against making a clinical diagnosis of LAM on the basis of the high-resolution computed tomography findings alone and for considering transbronchial lung biopsy as a diagnostic tool. The guideline panel also made conditional recommendations for offering pleurodesis after an initial pneumothorax rather than postponing the procedure until the first recurrence and against pleurodesis being used as a reason to exclude patients from lung transplantation.Evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with LAM are provided. Frequent reassessment and updating will be needed.