tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-088 Grip strength is a reliable marker of sarcopenia in patients undergoing liver transplantation (lt)
Authors: D Mansour, C Byrne, S Mcpherson, M Hudson
Journal: Gut (2017)

Introduction  Objective measures are needed to assess risk of perioperative morbidity in patients undergoing liver transplant (LT). Studies have shown sarcopenia, as measured by total psoas area (TPA), to predict poor short-term outcomes following surgery. There is debate as to the best way of measuring sarcopenia in clinical practice. The aims of this study were to assess sarcopenia as a predictor of outcome following primary elective liver transplant (PELT) and to determine whether grip strength can be used to measure sarcopenia in the clinical setting.  Method  We performed a retrospective review of successive patients undergoing PELT at our institution between Aug 2014 and Aug 2016.Patient demographics, transplant indication, MELD, UKELD, Donor specific Risk Index, anaerobic threshold (AT) measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and anthropometry data were recorded, as well as length of hospital stay, ICU stay and ventilator support, and septic complications. TPA at the level of L3 was measured on peri-operative CT/MRI scans. Spearman’s correlation co-efficient was used to assess the association between TPA, gripstrength, AT and outcome measures.  Results  87 patients underwent LT during the study period, 65 of which were for PELT (50.8% female; 56.3±11.6 years). 52/65 (80%) had scans pre- or up to 30 days post-liver transplant. Mean TPA was 4.22 cm2/m2. 15/52, (71%) were sarcopenic (TPA   Conclusion  Our study suggests that grip strength is a valid measure of sarcopenia in patients undergoing LT. In our cohort, we did not find a significant association between sarcopenia (as measured by total psoas area) and poor short-term post-operative outcomes. Anaerobic threshold by CPET may provide a better global assessment of patients’ fitness for LT than pure muscle mass. Together, CPET and grip-strength provide a simple, low cost, effective way of assessing fitness for liver transplant. Further study is required to validate these findings and to assess whether prehabilitation to improve these parameters can accelerate patient recovery and improve outcomes in liver transplantation.  Reference  . Cooper C, et al. Tools in the Assessment of Sarcopenia.Calcified tissue international 2013;93(3):201–210.  PMC . Web. 14 Feb. 2017.  Disclosure of Interest  None Declared
心不全の予後のための短期心よう素‐123‐メタヨードベンジルグアニジンプロトコールおよびB型ナトリウム利尿ペプチド
Authors: Arimoto Takanori, Sukekawa Hiroyasu, Harada Mutsuo, Ikeno Eiichiro, Takeishi Yasuchika
Journal: Circulation (2008)
Patient-derived xenografts effectively capture responses to oncology therapy in a heterogeneous cohort of patients with solid tumors
Authors: E. Izumchenko, K. Paz, D. Ciznadija, I. Sloma, A. Katz, D. Vasquez-Dunddel, I. Ben-Zvi, J. Stebbing, W. McGuire, W. Harris, R. Maki, A. Gaya, A. Bedi, S. Zacharoulis, R. Ravi, L.H. Wexler, M.O. Hoque, C. Rodriguez-Galindo, H. Pass, N. Peled, A. Davies, R. Morris, M. Hidalgo, D. Sidransky
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Changes in Insurance Coverage and Stage at Diagnosis Among Nonelderly Patients With Cancer After the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Ahmedin Jemal, Chun Chieh Lin, Amy J. Davidoff, Xuesong Han
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

Purpose To examine change in the percent uninsured and early-stage diagnosis among nonelderly patients with newly diagnosed cancer after the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Patients and Methods By using the National Cancer Data Base, we estimated absolute change (APC) and relative change in percent uninsured among patients with newly diagnosed cancer age 18 to 64 years between 2011 to the third quarter of 2013 (pre-ACA implementation) and the second to fourth quarter of 2014 (post-ACA) in Medicaid expansion and nonexpansion states by family income level. We also examined demographics-adjusted difference in differences in APC between Medicaid expansion and nonexpansion states. We similarly examined changes in insurance and early-stage diagnosis for the 15 leading cancers in men and women (top 17 cancers total). Results Between the pre-ACA and post-ACA periods, percent uninsured among patients with newly diagnosed cancer decreased in all income categories in both Medicaid expansion and nonexpansion states. However, the decrease was largest in low-income patients who resided in expansion states (9.6% to 3.6%; APC, -6.0%; 95% CI, -6.5% to -5.5%) versus their counterparts who resided in nonexpansion states (14.7% to 13.3%; APC, -1.4%; 95% CI, -2.0% to -0.7%), with an adjusted difference in differences of -3.3 (95% CI, -4.0 to -2.5). By cancer type, the largest decrease in percent uninsured occurred in patients with smoking- or infection-related cancers. A small but statistically significant shift was found toward early-stage diagnosis for colorectal, lung, female breast, and pancreatic cancer and melanoma in patients who resided in expansion states. Conclusion Percent uninsured among nonelderly patients with newly diagnosed cancer declined substantially after the ACA, especially among low-income people who resided in Medicaid expansion states. A trend toward early-stage diagnosis for select cancers in expansion states also was found. These results reinforce the importance of policies directed at providing affordable coverage to low-income, vulnerable populations.
The HAND1 frameshift A126FS mutation does not cause hypoplastic left heart syndrome in mice
Authors: Beth A Firulli, Kevin P Toolan, Jade Harkin, Hannah Millar, Santiago Pineda, Anthony B Firulli
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2017)

To test if a human Hand1 frame shift mutation identified in human samples is causative of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS).HLHS is a poorly understood single ventricle congenital heart defect that affects two to three infants in every 10 000 live births. The aetiologies of HLHS are largely unknown. The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor HAND1 is required for normal heart development. Interrogation of HAND1 sequence from fixed HLHS tissues identified a somatic frame-shift mutation at Alanine 126 (NP_004812.1 p.Ala126Profs13X defined as Hand1A126fs). Hand1A126fs creates a truncated HAND1 protein that predictively functions as dominant negative. To determine if this mutation is causative of HLHS, we engineered a conditional Hand1A126fs mouse allele. Activation of this allele with Nkx2.5Cre results in E14.5 lethality accompanied by cardiac outflow tract and intraventricular septum abnormalities. Using αMHC-Cre or Mef2CAHF-Cre to activate Hand1A126fs results in reduced phenotype and limited viability. Left ventricles of Hand1A126FS mutant mice are not hypoplastic.Somatically acquired Hand1A126FS mutation is not causative of HLHS. Hand1A126FS mutation does exhibit embryonic lethal cardiac defects that reflect a dominant negative function supporting the critical role of Hand1 in cardiogenesis.
Meta-Epidemiology of Testosterone’s Risks and Benefits—Will We Ever Know the Answer?
Authors: Robin Haring
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
David Oliver: Caveats about collaborative health
Authors: David Oliver
Journal: BMJ (2017)

In July, Fiona Godlee asked whether we were ready for collaborative care,1 highlighting an essay by a US author, Michael Millenson, that elegantly argued for moving beyond “person centred” healthcare to collaborative approaches.2 UK public health services have their own advocates in this movement—notably, the Royal College of General Practitioners, the Coalition for Collaborative Care,3 and NHS England’s House of Care framework.4

I generally support this movement. As more people live with long term medical conditions, it surely makes sense for them to be more informed and more involved in identifying their own treatment plans and goals. It also makes sense for them to manage these in collaboration with clinicians, while …
Robotic Automation of In Vivo Two-Photon Targeted Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp Electrophysiology
Authors: Luca A. Annecchino, Alexander R. Morris, Caroline S. Copeland, Oshiorenoya E. Agabi, Paul Chadderton, Simon R. Schultz
Journal: Neuron (2017)

Whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiological recording is a powerful technique for studying cellular function. While in vivo patch-clamp recording has recently benefited from automation, it is normally performed "blind," meaning that throughput for sampling some genetically or morphologically defined cell types is unacceptably low. One solution to this problem is to use two-photon microscopy to target fluorescently labeled neurons. Combining this with robotic automation is difficult, however, as micropipette penetration induces tissue deformation, moving target cells from their initial location. Here we describe a platform for automated two-photon targeted patch-clamp recording, which solves this problem by making use of a closed loop visual servo algorithm. Our system keeps the target cell in focus while iteratively adjusting the pipette approach trajectory to compensate for tissue motion. We demonstrate platform validation with patch-clamp recordings from a variety of cells in the mouse neocortex and cerebellum.
Anti-apoptotic/cytoprotective effects of the nitric oxide/cGMP/protein kinase G signaling pathway in SV40-immortalized endothelial cells: implications for tumor angiogenesis
Authors: Cheuk Ying Wong, Ronald Fiscus, Oscar Goodman, Nicholas Vogelzang
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

2706   Previously, our lab has shown that low-level nitric oxide (NO), via activation of the cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG) signaling pathway, plays a key role in preventing spontaneous apoptosis and protecting against toxin-induced apoptosis in a variety of mammalian cells, including neural cells, pancreatic islets and various tumor cells (e.g. human ovarian cancer cells). In contrast, hyper-stimulation of cGMP/PKG by high-level NO causes induction of apoptosis in certain cells (e.g. endothelial cells, pancreatic islets and colon cancer cells). Thus, NO has a dichotomous role in regulating apoptosis that depends on the level of NO exposure. Although high-level activation of cGMP/PKG causes apoptosis in endothelial cells, the role of low-level/basal cGMP/PKG activation in regulating endothelial apoptosis has not been elucidated. The present study used SV40-immortalized endothelial cells (SVECs) as a model of tumor angiogenesis and tested the pro-apoptotic/anti-apoptotic effects of S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP, NO donor) over a large concentration range. ODQ, inhibitor of NO-activated cGMP synthesis, was used to determine the role of endogenous NO-induced cGMP/PKG activation in regulating apoptosis. Levels of apoptosis were quantified by Cell Death Detection ELISA. Low-level NO, generated by SNAP (5, 10 and 50 μM), significantly (P
PTU-074 Does opt- out testing for hepatitis b and c in emergency departments work? a 6 week pilot study
Authors: S Douthwaite, H Evans, S Balasegaram, T Wong, G Nebbia
Journal: Gut (2017)

Introduction  Hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) are major public health problems in areas such as London. Some 50% of those with HCV in UK are undiagnosed. Emergency Departments (ED) provide healthcare to those with no other access. A six week pilot project in Guy’s and St Thomas Hospital ED evaluated the feasibility of screening for HCV and HBV in ED and success at linking to care.  Method  Patients having blood tests in ED were offered HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) and HCV antibody (anti-HCV) testing between 15 February 2016 and 28 March 2016. Linkage to care (attending one outpatient appointment) via a one stop clinic for new diagnoses or known but disengaged patients was coordinated by a project team. The proportion attending ED, requiring a blood test and tested for HBV and/or HCV is described by demographics (age, sex, ethnic group, no fixed abode and area of deprivation). Seroprevalence estimates are calculated and weighted by age, sex and ethnicity distributions of the blood tested population with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We use logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (aOR) to identify risk factors for positivity among those tested, adjusted for demographic variables.  Results  13 035 individuals attended ED, 5813 individuals received a blood test of whom 3262 (56%) had a HBsAg and/or HCV antibody test. 25 patients were diagnosed with HBV (adjusted prevalence: 0.46%, 95% CI: 0.29%–0.71%). Most were male (72%), aged 30 to 49 years (52%) or of black ethnicity (44%). Of the 58 anti-HCV positive patients, 32 were also Hepatitis C antigen positive (adjusted prevalence: 1.18%, 95% CI: 0.80%–1.74%). Most were male (75%), aged 30 to 69 years (78%) or of white ethnicity (75%). Having no fixed abode was associated with being positive for HCV antigen (aOR: 7.70, 95% CI: 0.17–3.50, p  Conclusion  Opt out ED screening had high uptake with a high prevalence for both HBV and HCV. A simplified care pathway with rapid access to a one stop clinic facilitated linkage to care. Many new diagnoses were made in those who would not have otherwise been offered testing and we successfully re-engaged known but disengaged patients. We couldn’t contact half of those diagnosed, particularly those with no fixed abode.  Disclosure of Interest  S Douthwaite Conflict with: Gilead sciences, H Evans Conflict with: Gilead sciences, S Balasegaram Conflict with: Gilead sciences, T Wong Conflict with: Gilead sciences, G Nebbia Conflict with: Gilead sciences
White Blood Cell Count in the Evaluation of the Febrile Infant
Authors: Matthew Mischler, Francis McBee Orzulak, Jessica Hanks
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
スペースX CRS VIII ISS宇宙ミッション中の自動化細胞培養実験容器内のヒト内皮細胞の3次元成長スフェロイドプロジェクト【Powered by NICT】
Authors: Pietsch Jessica, Gass Samuel, Nebuloni Stefano, Echegoyen David, Riwaldt Stefan, Baake Christin, Bauer Johann, J Corydon Thomas, Egli Marcel, Infanger Manfred, Grimm Daniela
Journal: Biomaterials (2017)
Association of Guideline-Adherent Antibiotic Treatment With Readmission of Children With Sickle Cell Disease Hospitalized With Acute Chest Syndrome
Authors: David G. Bundy, Troy E. Richardson, Matthew Hall, Jean L. Raphael, David C. Brousseau, Staci D. Arnold, Ram V. Kalpatthi, Angela M. Ellison, Suzette O. Oyeku, Samir S. Shah
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2017)

Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is a common, serious complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) and a leading cause of hospitalization and death in both children and adults with SCD. Little is known about the effectiveness of guideline-recommended antibiotic regimens for the care of children hospitalized with ACS.To use a large, national database to describe patterns of antibiotic use for children with SCD hospitalized for ACS and to determine whether receipt of guideline-adherent antibiotics was associated with lower readmission rates.Retrospective cohort study including 14 480 hospitalizations in 7178 children (age 0-22 years) with a discharge diagnosis of SCD and either ACS or pneumonia. Information was obtained from 41 children's hospitals submitting data to the Pediatric Health Information System from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2016.National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guideline-adherent (macrolide with parenteral cephalosporin) vs non-guideline-adherent antibiotic regimens.Acute chest syndrome-related and all-cause 7- and 30-day readmissions.Of the 14 480 hospitalizations, 6562 (45.3%) were in girls; median (interquartile range) age was 9 (4-14) years. Guideline-adherent antibiotics were provided in 10 654 of 14 480 hospitalizations for ACS (73.6%). Hospitalizations were most likely to include guideline-adherent antibiotics for children aged 5 to 9 years (3230 of 4047 [79.8%]) and declined to the lowest level for children 19 to 22 years (697 of 1088 [64.1%]). Between-hospital variation in antibiotic regimens was wide, with use of guideline-adherent antibiotics ranging from 24% to 90%. Children treated with guideline-adherent antibiotics had lower 30-day ACS-related (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% CI, 0.50-1.00) and all-cause (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.39-0.64) readmission rates vs children who received other regimens (cephalosporin and macrolide vs neither drug class).Current approaches to antibiotic treatment in children with ACS vary widely, but guideline-adherent therapy appears to result in fewer readmissions compared with non-guideline-adherent therapy. Efforts to increase the dissemination and implementation of SCD treatment guidelines are warranted as is comparative effectiveness research to strengthen the underlying evidence base.
Heat Wave and Mortality: A Multicountry, Multicommunity Study
Authors: Yuming Guo, Antonio Gasparrini, Ben G. Armstrong, Benjawan Tawatsupa, Aurelio Tobias, Eric Lavigne, Micheline de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho, Xiaochuan Pan, Ho Kim, Masahiro Hashizume, Yasushi Honda, Yue-Liang Leon Guo, Chang-Fu Wu, Antonella Zanobetti, Joel D. Schwartz, Michelle L. Bell, Matteo Scortichini, Paola Michelozzi, Kornwipa Punnasiri, Shanshan Li, Linwei Tian, Samuel David Osorio Garcia, Xerxes Seposo, Ala Overcenco, Ariana Zeka, Patrick Goodman, Tran Ngoc Dang, Do Van Dung, Fatemeh Mayvaneh, Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva, Gail Williams, Shilu Tong
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2017)

Background: Few studies have examined variation in the associations between heat waves and mortality in an international context. Objectives: We aimed to systematically examine the impacts of heat waves on mortality with lag effects internationally. Methods: We collected daily data of temperature and mortality from 400 communities in 18 countries/regions and defined 12 types of heat waves by combining community-specific daily mean temperature ≥90th, 92.5th, 95th, and 97.5th percentiles of temperature with duration ≥2, 3, and 4 d. We used time-series analyses to estimate the community-specific heat wave–mortality relation over lags of 0–10 d. Then, we applied meta-analysis to pool heat wave effects at the country level for cumulative and lag effects for each type of heat wave definition. Results: Heat waves of all definitions had significant cumulative associations with mortality in all countries, but varied by community. The higher the temperature threshold used to define heat waves, the higher heat wave associations on mortality. However, heat wave duration did not modify the impacts. The association between heat waves and mortality appeared acutely and lasted for 3 and 4 d. Heat waves had higher associations with mortality in moderate cold and moderate hot areas than cold and hot areas. There were no added effects of heat waves on mortality in all countries/regions, except for Brazil, Moldova, and Taiwan. Heat waves defined by daily mean and maximum temperatures produced similar heat wave–mortality associations, but not daily minimum temperature. Conclusions: Results indicate that high temperatures create a substantial health burden, and effects of high temperatures over consecutive days are similar to what would be experienced if high temperature days occurred independently. People living in moderate cold and moderate hot areas are more sensitive to heat waves than those living in cold and hot areas. Daily mean and maximum temperatures had similar ability to define heat waves rather than minimum temperature. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1026
RNA-binding protein ZFP36L1 maintains posttranscriptional regulation of bile acid metabolism
Authors: Elizabeth J. Tarling, Bethan L. Clifford, Joan Cheng, Pauline Morand, Angela Cheng, Ellen Lester, Tamer Sallam, Martin Turner, Thomas Q. de Aguiar Vallim
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2017)

Bile acids function not only as detergents that facilitate lipid absorption but also as signaling molecules that activate the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR). FXR agonists are currently being evaluated as therapeutic agents for a number of hepatic diseases due to their lipid-lowering and antiinflammatory properties. FXR is also essential for maintaining bile acid homeostasis and prevents the accumulation of bile acids. Elevated bile acids activate FXR, which in turn switches off bile acid synthesis by reducing the mRNA levels of bile acid synthesis genes, including cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1). Here, we show that FXR activation triggers a rapid posttranscriptional mechanism to degrade Cyp7a1 mRNA. We identified the RNA-binding protein Zfp36l1 as an FXR target gene and determined that gain and loss of function of ZFP36L1 reciprocally regulate Cyp7a1 mRNA and bile acid levels in vivo. Moreover, we found that mice lacking hepatic ZFP36L1 were protected from diet-induced obesity and steatosis. The reduced adiposity and antisteatotic effects observed in ZFP36L1-deficient mice were accompanied by impaired lipid absorption that was consistent with altered bile acid metabolism. Thus, the ZFP36L1-dependent regulation of bile acid metabolism is an important metabolic contributor to obesity and hepatosteatosis.
Impact of High Speed Rotational Atherectomy in Peripheral Artery Disease Patients with Calcified Lesions: Retrospective Multicenter Registry
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshiya, Kawarada Osami, Andoh Hiroshi, Tamura Kenji, Tsukahara Kengo, Tsubakimoto Yoshinori, Tohma Masanao, Nakamura Shigeru, Nakamura Hiroaki, Hozawa Koji, Yokoi Yoshiaki, Noguchi Teruo, Yasuda Satoshi, Ogawa Hisao
Journal: Circulation (2016)