tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
TCT-116 Gender-Related Differences in Endovascular Abdominal Aneurysm Repair: An Analysis of the National Inpatient Sample Database (2002-2013)
Authors: Konstantinos Voudris, Luke Kim, Konstantinos Charitakis, Robert Minutello, Harsimran Singh, Geoffrey Bergman, S. Chiu Wong, Dmitriy Feldman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Fasting Versus Nonfasting and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Accuracy
Authors: Vasanth Sathiyakumar, Jihwan Park, Asieh Golozar, Mariana Lazo, Renato Quispe, Eliseo Guallar, Roger S. Blumenthal, Steven R. Jones, Seth S. Martin
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Recent recommendations favoring nonfasting lipid assessment may affect low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) estimation. The novel method of LDL-C estimation (LDL-C N ) uses a flexible approach to derive patient-specific ratios of triglycerides to very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. This adaptability may confer an accuracy advantage in nonfasting patients over the fixed approach of the classic Friedewald method (LDL-C F ). Methods: We used a US cross-sectional sample of 1 545 634 patients (959 153 fasting ≥10–12 hours; 586 481 nonfasting) from the second harvest of the Very Large Database of Lipids study to assess for the first time the impact of fasting status on novel LDL-C accuracy. Rapid ultracentrifugation was used to directly measure LDL-C content (LDL-C D ). Accuracy was defined as the percentage of LDL-C D falling within an estimated LDL-C (LDL-C N or LDL-C F ) category by clinical cut points. For low estimated LDL-C (&lt;70 mg/dL), we evaluated accuracy by triglyceride levels. The magnitude of absolute and percent differences between LDL-C D and estimated LDL-C (LDL-C N or LDL-C F ) was stratified by LDL-C and triglyceride categories. Results: In both fasting and nonfasting samples, accuracy was higher with the novel method across all clinical LDL-C categories (range, 87%–94%) compared with the Friedewald estimation (range, 71%–93%; P ≤0.001). With LDL-C &lt;70 mg/dL, nonfasting LDL-C N accuracy (92%) was superior to LDL-C F accuracy (71%; P &lt;0.001). In this LDL-C range, 19% of fasting and 30% of nonfasting patients had differences ≥10 mg/dL between LDL-C F and LDL-C D , whereas only 2% and 3% of patients, respectively, had similar differences with novel estimation. Accuracy of LDL-C &lt;70 mg/dL further decreased as triglycerides increased, particularly for Friedewald estimation (range, 37%–96%) versus the novel method (range, 82%–94%). With triglycerides of 200 to 399 mg/dL in nonfasting patients, LDL-C N &lt;70 mg/dL accuracy (82%) was superior to LDL-C F (37%; P &lt;0.001). In this triglyceride range, 73% of fasting and 81% of nonfasting patients had ≥10 mg/dL differences between LDL-C F and LDL-C D compared with 25% and 20% of patients, respectively, with LDL-C N . Conclusions: Novel adaptable LDL-C estimation performs better in nonfasting samples than the fixed Friedewald estimation, with a particular accuracy advantage in settings of low LDL-C and high triglycerides. In addition to stimulating further study, these results may have immediate relevance for guideline committees, laboratory leadership, clinicians, and patients. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01698489.
Vigilancia internacional de las resistencias a los agentes antimicrobianos en Europa: ahora también es necesario controlar el uso de antibióticos
Authors: S L A M Bronzwaer, U Buchholz, J. L. Kool
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2001)

Con el aumento de viajes e intercambios comerciales que han tenido lugar en la Union Europea (UE) en los ultimos anos, tambien se ha incrementado el riesgo de diseminacion de patogenos (resistentes). Muchos estudios demuestran que la resistencia a los agentes antimicrobianos es un problema cada vez mayor. Por ejemplo, los Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a la meticilina (SARM) eran inicialmente un problema practicamente confinado a los hospitales, pero hoy se notifican cada vez mas como una infeccion adquirida en la comunidad, habiendose demostrado la propagacion de algunas cepas entre distintos paises europeos (1). La resistencia a los antibioticos puede dar lugar a estancias hospitalarias prolongadas, costes elevados y una mayor morbilidad o incluso mortalidad (2).
Engagement and role of surgical trainees in global surgery: Consensus statement and recommendations from the Association of Surgeons in Training
Authors: Helen M. Mohan, Edward Fitzgerald, Vimal Gokani, Paul Sutton, Rhiannon Harries, Robert Bethune, Frank D. McDermott, J. Ahmad, E. Akerele, L. Ashken, K. Baryeh, R. Bethune, A. Borakati, T. Brown, J. Camilleri-Brennan, J. Choi, K. Connor, A. Duguid, E. Dyson, J.E.F. Fitzgerald, K. Forde, V. Gokani, C. Gunner, T. Hampton, R. Harrison, R.L. Harries, M. Javed, H. Khan, D. Magee, S. Mahdi, F. McDermott, K. McLean, H.M. Mohan, E. Monaghan, H. Nair, J. Padickakudi, C. Petralia, M. Raza, S. Rigby, J. Ruparelia, G. Santoro, D. Scholfield, A. Seager, S. Shawaf, M. Solari, A. Sorial, S. Straight, D. Vedage, K. Vejsberg, P. Wadsworth, J. Whitaker
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2017)
TCT-216 Agreement between iFR and FFR in staged follow-up evaluation of non-culprit stenoses after ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (iSTEMI substudy)
Authors: Troels Thim, Matthias Götberg, Ole Frobert, Robin Nijveldt, Niels van Royen, Sergio Baptista, Sasha Koul, Thomas Kellerth, Hans Erik Botker, Evald Christiansen, Lars Jakobsen, Steen Dalby Kristensen, Michael Maeng
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Effects of Spaceflight on Astronaut Brain Structure as Indicated on MRI
Authors: Donna R. Roberts, Moritz H. Albrecht, Heather R. Collins, Davud Asemani, A. Rano Chatterjee, M. Vittoria Spampinato, Xun Zhu, Marc I. Chimowitz, Michael U. Antonucci
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

There is limited information regarding the effects of spaceflight on the anatomical configuration of the brain and on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) spaces.We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to compare images of 18 astronauts' brains before and after missions of long duration, involving stays on the International Space Station, and of 16 astronauts' brains before and after missions of short duration, involving participation in the Space Shuttle Program. Images were interpreted by readers who were unaware of the flight duration. We also generated paired preflight and postflight MRI cine clips derived from high-resolution, three-dimensional imaging of 12 astronauts after long-duration flights and from 6 astronauts after short-duration flights in order to assess the extent of narrowing of CSF spaces and the displacement of brain structures. We also compared preflight ventricular volumes with postflight ventricular volumes by means of an automated analysis of T1-weighted MRIs. The main prespecified analyses focused on the change in the volume of the central sulcus, the change in the volume of CSF spaces at the vertex, and vertical displacement of the brain.Narrowing of the central sulcus occurred in 17 of 18 astronauts after long-duration flights (mean flight time, 164.8 days) and in 3 of 16 astronauts after short-duration flights (mean flight time, 13.6 days) (P<0.001). Cine clips from a subgroup of astronauts showed an upward shift of the brain after all long-duration flights (12 astronauts) but not after short-duration flights (6 astronauts) and narrowing of CSF spaces at the vertex after all long-duration flights (12 astronauts) and in 1 of 6 astronauts after short-duration flights. Three astronauts in the long-duration group had optic-disk edema, and all 3 had narrowing of the central sulcus. A cine clip was available for 1 of these 3 astronauts, and the cine clip showed upward shift of the brain.Narrowing of the central sulcus, upward shift of the brain, and narrowing of CSF spaces at the vertex occurred frequently and predominantly in astronauts after long-duration flights. Further investigation, including repeated postflight imaging conducted after some time on Earth, is required to determine the duration and clinical significance of these changes. (Funded by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.).
Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells efficiently colonize in bFGF-tethered natural matrix to construct contracting humanized rat hearts
Authors: Sarah Rajabi, Sara Pahlavan, Mohammad Kazemi Ashtiani, Hassan Ansari, Saeed Abbasalizadeh, Forough Azam Sayahpour, Fahimeh Varzideh, Sawa Kostin, Nasser Aghdami, Thomas Braun, Hossein Baharvand
Journal: Biomaterials (2017)
Implications of farnesyltransferase and its inhibitors as a promising strategy for cancer therapy
Authors: Sergey G. Klochkov, Margarita E. Neganova, Nagendra Sastry Yarla, Madhukiran Parvathaneni, Bechan Sharma, Vadim V. Tarasov, George Barreto, Sergey O. Bachurin, Ghulam Md Ashraf, Gjumrakch Aliev
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2017)
Corruption Poses Critical Challenge to Global Health Efforts
Authors: M.J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2017)

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Brote comunitario de legionelosis en Vic y Gurb (España) en octubre y noviembre de 2005
Authors: M R Sala, C Arias, J M Oliva, A Pedrol, P Roura, A Domínguez
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2007)

En este articulo se describe la investigacion relativa a un brote extrahospitalario de legionelosis producido en los municipios de Vic y Gurb (en la region central de Cataluna en Espana). Se notificaron 55 casos en octubre y noviembre de 2005. Se llevo a cabo una investigacion epidemiologica y ambiental.
Health leaders blame addiction for US opioid crisis
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Alternative pain treatment options, reducing overprescribing, and destigmatizing misuse were among the potential solutions to the US opioid epidemic cited by healthcare leaders in a panel discussion sponsored by the National Academy of Medicine on 16 October as part of its annual meeting.

“This is an addiction issue, not an opioid issue,” said panelist Kathleen Sebelius, the former US secretary of health.

“We know that mass incarceration and criminal justice have not solved the issues of either supply or demand, or cured individuals,” Sebelius said. “What we have done absolutely has failed miserably, for decades, and it costs a whole lot of money.”

“Treatment is essential,” she said in ticking off the first of five ways “to move the needle” toward a more effective response. Other points included best practice guidelines to rein …
Global Metabolic Profiling Identifies a Pivotal Role of Proline and Hydroxyproline Metabolism in Supporting Hypoxic Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ling Tang, Jun Zeng, Pengyu Geng, Chengnan Fang, Yang Wang, Mingju Sun, Changsong Wang, Jiao Wang, Peiyuan Yin, Chunxiu Hu, Lei Guo, Jane Yu, Peng Gao, Enyou Li, Zhengping Zhuang, Guowang Xu, Yang Liu
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Purpose: Metabolic reprogramming is frequently identified in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is the most common type of liver malignancy. The reprogrammed cellular metabolisms promote tumor cell survival, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. However, the mechanisms of this process remain unclear in HCC. Experimental Design: The global nontargeted metabolic study in 69 paired hepatic carcinomas and adjacent tissue specimens was performed using capillary electrophoresis-time of flight mass spectrometry–based approach. Key findings were validated by targeted metabolomic approach. Biological studies were also performed to investigate the role of proline biosynthesis in HCC pathogenesis. Results: Proline metabolism was markedly changed in HCC tumor tissue, characterized with accelerated consumption of proline and accumulation of hydroxyproline, which significantly correlated with α-fetoprotein levels and poor prognosis in HCC. In addition, we found that hydroxyproline promoted hypoxia- and HIF-dependent phenotype in HCC. Moreover, we demonstrated that hypoxia activated proline biosynthesis via upregulation of ALDH18A1, subsequently leading to accumulation of hydroxyproline via attenuated PRODH2 activity. More importantly, we showed that glutamine, proline, and hydroxyproline metabolic axis supported HCC cell survival through modulating HIF1α stability in response to hypoxia. Finally, inhibition of proline biosynthesis significantly enhanced cytotoxicity of sorafenib in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that hypoxic microenvironment activates proline metabolism, resulting in accumulation of hydroxyproline that promotes HCC tumor progression and sorafenib resistance through modulating HIF1α. These findings provide the proof of concept for targeting proline metabolism as a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC. Clin Cancer Res; 24(2); 474–85. ©2017 AACR.
Pioglitazone Prevents Stroke in Patients With a Recent Transient Ischemic Attack or Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Shadi Yaghi, Karen L. Furie, Catherine M. Viscoli, Hooman Kamel, Mark Gorman, Jennifer Dearborn, Lawrence H. Young, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Anne M. Lovejoy, Scott E. Kasner, Robin Conwit, Walter N. Kernan
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: The IRIS trial (Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke) demonstrated that pioglitazone reduced the risk for a composite outcome of stroke or myocardial infarction among nondiabetic patients with insulin resistance and a recent stroke or transient ischemic attack. The current planned secondary analysis uses updated 2013 consensus criteria for ischemic stroke to examine the effect of pioglitazone on stroke outcomes. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to receive pioglitazone (45 mg/d target dose) or placebo within 180 days of a qualifying ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack and were followed for a maximum of 5 years. An independent committee, blinded to treatment assignments, adjudicated all potential stroke outcomes. Time to first stroke event was compared by treatment group, overall and by type of event (ischemic or hemorrhagic), using survival analyses and Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Among 3876 IRIS participants (mean age, 63 years; 65% male), 377 stroke events were observed in 319 participants over a median follow-up of 4.8 years. Pioglitazone was associated with a reduced risk for any stroke at 5 years (8.0% in comparison with 10.7% for the placebo group; hazard ratio [HR], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60–0.94; log-rank P =0.01). Pioglitazone reduced risk for ischemic strokes (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.57–0.91; P =0.005) but had no effect on risk for hemorrhagic events (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.50–2.00; P =1.00). Conclusions: Pioglitazone was effective for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke in nondiabetic patients with insulin resistance. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00091949.
Clinical trials of CAR-T cells in China
Authors: Bingshan Liu, Yongping Song, Delong Liu
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2017)

Novel immunotherapeutic agents targeting tumor-site microenvironment are revolutionizing cancer therapy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells are widely studied for cancer immunotherapy. CD19-specific CAR-T cells, tisagenlecleucel, have been recently approved for clinical application. Ongoing clinical trials are testing CAR designs directed at novel targets involved in hematological and solid malignancies. In addition to trials of single-target CAR-T cells, simultaneous and sequential CAR-T cells are being studied for clinical applications. Multi-target CAR-engineered T cells are also entering clinical trials. T cell receptor-engineered CAR-T and universal CAR-T cells represent new frontiers in CAR-T cell development. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of CAR constructs and registered clinical trials of CAR-T cells in China and provided a quick glimpse of the landscape of CAR-T studies in China.
Encuesta europea sobre la vigilancia y el diagnóstico de Campylobacter en 2001
Authors: J Takkinen, A Ammon, O Robstad, T Breuer
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2003)

Se realizaron dos encuestas en nombre del Grupo de Trabajo de Campylobacter con el fin de valorar la viabilidad de una red europea para las infecciones por Campylobacter en el hombre. La primera encuesta, realizada en dieciocho paises, recogio informacion sobre los metodos diagnosticos utilizados para la vigilancia; la segunda, realizada en diez paises europeos, recogio datos de los metodos y procedimientos diagnosticos de los laboratorios primarios de analisis. De esos dieciocho paises, diecisiete contaban con un sistema de vigilancia de infecciones por Campylobacter y trece con un laboratorio de referencia nacional. La definicion de caso utilizada para la vigilancia en todos estos paises incluia la confirmacion microbiologica. No se aplicaban los metodos de subtipificacion correspondientes. En cuanto a los laboratorios primarios que se ocupan de las infecciones por Campylobacter, solo algunos de ellos notificaban directamente al ambito nacional, y alrededor de la mitad de los laboratorios realizaban pruebas de sensibilidad antimicrobiana. Las encuestas indicaron la existencia de una infraestructura basica de una vigilancia de Campylobacter de ambito europeo.
Salmonella Enteritidis lysotype 29 en Autriche : de la pertinence de considérer la viande de poulet comme source d'infections humaines à salmonella
Authors: C Berghold, C. Kornschober, I Lederer, F Allerberger
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2004)

Si l'on considere que les differents lysotypes de Salmonella Enteritidis ont, dans l'ensemble, une virulence similaire, l'importance de certains aliments comme sources d'infections pour les salmonelloses humaines peut etre evaluee
Long-term Safety of Pregnancy Following Breast Cancer According to Estrogen Receptor Status
Authors: Matteo Lambertini, Niels Kroman, Lieveke Ameye, Octavi Cordoba, Alvaro Pinto, Giovanni Benedetti, Maj-Britt Jensen, Shari Gelber, Maria Del Grande, Michail Ignatiadis, Evandro de Azambuja, Marianne Paesmans, Fedro A Peccatori, Hatem A Azim
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2017)

Abstract Safety of pregnancy in women with history of estrogen receptor (ER)–positive breast cancer remains controversial. In this multicenter case–control study, 333 patients with pregnancy after breast cancer were matched (1:3) to 874 nonpregnant patients of similar characteristics, adjusting for guaranteed time bias. Survival estimates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis; groups were compared with the log-rank test. All reported P values were two-sided. At a median follow-up of 7.2 years after pregnancy, no difference in disease-free survival was observed between pregnant and nonpregnant patients with ER-positive (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.70 to 1.26, P = .68) or ER-negative (HR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.53 to 1.06, P = .10) disease. No overall survival (OS) difference was observed in ER-positive patients (HR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.60 to 1.18, P = .32); ER-negative patients in the pregnant cohort had better OS (HR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.36 to 0.90, P = .01). Abortion, time to pregnancy, breastfeeding, and type of adjuvant therapy had no impact on patients’ outcomes. This study provides reassuring evidence on the long-term safety of pregnancy in breast cancer survivors, including those with ER-positive disease.
Tanning Salon Compliance Rates in States With Legislation to Protect Youth Access to UV Tanning
Authors: Melissa S. Williams, Brittany Buhalog, Laura Blumenthal, Erik J. Stratman
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2017)

The US Food and Drug Administration has classified tanning beds as carcinogenic. Most states have enacted legislation to prevent or create barriers for minors accessing tanning establishments. Determining tanning salon compliance with legislation would provide an indication of the influence of legislation at preventing exposure to the carcinogen in minors.To investigate compliance rates in the 42 states and the District of Columbia with legislation restricting tanning bed use in minors and to identify differences in compliance based on population, regional location, salon ownership, age group being regulated, and time since the law was enacted.This investigation was a cross-sectional telephone survey conducted between February 1, 2015, and April 30, 2016, by callers posing as minors attempting to schedule a tanning appointment. The setting was tanning salons in the 42 states and the District of Columbia that currently have legislation restricting tanning bed use in minors. Included in the study were 427 tanning salons, 10 randomly selected from each state or territory with tanning legislation.Overall compliance of tanning salons with state tanning legislation and differences in compliance based on community population, regional location, independent vs chain tanning salon, age group being regulated, and time since the law was enacted.Of the 427 tanning salons surveyed, overall noncompliance with state legislation was 37.2% (n = 159). There were more noncompliant tanning salons in rural locations (45.5%; 95% CI, 37.5%-53.7%; P = .009), southern regions of the United States (49.4%; 95% CI, 41.4%-57.4%; P = .001), independently owned salons (43.9%; 95% CI, 37.3%-50.6%; P = .003), states with younger age groups being regulated (53.5%; 95% CI, 45.7%-61.2%; P < .001), and states with more than one tanning regulation (50.0%; 95% CI, 42.0%-58.0%; P < .001). No difference was found based on time since the law was enacted.Compliance with state legislation aimed at limiting tanning bed use among US minors is unsatisfactory, indicating that additional efforts to enforce the laws and education of the harmful effects of UV tanning are necessary, especially in rural, independently owned, and tanning salons in southern regions, which have decreased compliance rates.
Brote de brucelosis debido al consumo de queso de cabra fresco sin higienizar en Andalucía (España), enero a marzo de 2002
Authors: C. Mendez Martinez, A Paez Jimenez, M Cortés-Blanco, E. Salmoral Chamizo, E. Mohedano Mohedano, C. Plata, A. Varo Baena, J. F. Martinez Navarro
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2003)

En tres municipios de Cordoba (Andalucia, Espana) se identificaron once casos de brucelosis. Se realizo un estudio de casos y controles, seleccionando tres casos por cada control. Las personas que consumieron queso de cabra fresco sin higienizar elaborado en una granja situada en el territorio epidemico, presentaban un mayor riesgo de padecer brucelosis (OR=21,6, IC 95%=1,6-639,8). Se identifico Brucella melitensis serotipo 3 en muestras clinicas, y en tejido de cabras y muestras de leche de la granja del rebano. Se adoptaron medidas preventivas y el brote fue contenido tras la retirada del mercado de todos los quesos sospechosos, la desinfeccion y limpieza adicional de la granja y la realizacion de actividades de promocion sanitaria.