tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Survivorship care plan assessment checklist (SCPAC): A tool to evaluate breast cancer survivorship care plans.
Authors: C. T. Stricker, L. A. Jacobs, A. DeMichele, A. Jones, B. C. Risendal, S. C. Palmer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2011)

6117 Background: Breast cancer survivors are at risk for recurrence and late effects. Fragmented survivorship care, including poor communication with PCPs, precludes optimal prevention, detection, and management. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) called for provision of survivorship care plans (SCPs) at end of cancer therapy in order to improve care coordination, and provided guidelines for essential components. Many institutions provide SCPs, but heterogeneity between documents makes it difficult to assess comparability, completeness, and to develop outcomes studies taking these into account. We developed a tool to allow rating of SCP concordance with IOM recommendations and facilitate research. Methods: An interdisciplinary team (Oncologist, NPs, Psychologists) derived a checklist assessing presence/absence of IOM-recommended SCP components. An iterative process of item review and mapping to recommendations was performed until consensus. Dual raters then used this tool to independently assess 65 completed SCPs (11 different formats) from 13 cancer centers and community affiliates within the LIVESTRONG Survivorship Centers of Excellence to assess reliability. Results: The final measure contained 92 items covering 2 subscales: 1) treatment summary (TS), and 2) care plan (CP). TS subscale consisted of 13 informational domains summarizing cancer therapy, including toxicities, psychosocial care, genetic testing. CP subscale had 10 domains: 4 detailed possible long-term effects; 4, surveillance and additional testing; 2, referrals and health promotion. For the TS subscale, inter-rater reliability within TSs was good (M kappa = 0.76, [SD = 0.12]; range = 0.42-0.97), as was reliability across total scores (r = 0.96). For the CP subscale, inter-rater reliability was also good (M kappa = 0.66 [0.16]; range = 0.33-1.0), as was reliability across total scores (r = 0.91). Conclusions: Concordance with IOM recommendations for SCP information can be easily and reliably assessed with the SCPAC. The SCPAC allows evaluation of SCP fidelity to IOM recommendations, comparison of differing SCPs, and should facilitate research and insights into the utility of SCPs including their various information types.
Assessment of method of breast cancer detection and Onco<i>type</i> DX recurrence score.
Authors: Ciara Marie Kelly, Imelda Parker, John McCaffrey, John Crown, Miriam O'Connor, Sharon F. McGee, Lajos Pusztai, Catherine M. Kelly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

581 Background: Data indicate that screen-detected (SD) cancers show more favourable pathological characteristics and have a better prognosis compared to symptomatic or interval cancers (SY). These findings can be partly explained by length time and lead time biases. OncotypeDX recurrence score (RS) provides prognostic information independent of traditional clinicopathological variables and provides a robust measure of tumour proliferation. The objective of this study was to determine whether the RS would vary depending on the method of detection (MOD) in patients with lymph node-negative, ER-positive, HER-2 negative breast cancer (BC). Methods: We included patients with ER-positive, lymph node-negative and HER2-negative BC who underwent OncotypeDX testing as part of routine care or a clinical trial. We retrospectively reviewed patient charts and extracted information on MOD (SD versus SY), clinicopathological variables and RS. Chi-squared test was used to test for differences between categorical variables and MOD. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate the relationship between RS and MOD and clinicopathological variables. Results: We identified 596 patients from 4 academic hospitals (Mater University Hospital n= 98 (16%), St Vincent’s Hospital n= 161 (27%), Waterford Regional Hospital n= 27 (4%) and University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center n= 310 (52%)). There were 359 (60 %) SD- detected and 237 (40%) SY-detected breast cancers. Clinicopathological variables were similar for age at diagnosis (56 versus 52 years), tumour size (16mm versus 18mm), grade (63% versus 61% grade 2; 15% versus 15% grade I; 21% versus 24% grade 3) and LVI (18% versus 18%) for SY compared to SD, respectively. The number of patients in each group with low (51% versus 50%), intermediate (41% each) or high (8% versus 9%) RS was similar in the SD compared to SY groups, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between RS and tumour grade (P=&lt;0.001) and lymphovascular invasion (P=&lt;0.001). We did not observe a statistically significant association between RS and MOD (P=0.086). Conclusions: In patients with clinically intermediate breast cancer sent for OncotypeDX testing we found no association between RS and MOD.
Tattoos in Medicine—From the Bronze Age to the Modern Age
Authors: Benjamin A. Drew
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Endothelial Microparticles (EMP) Expressing CD31 but Not CD62E Correlate with Improved Survival in Severe Sepsis.
Authors: Andres O. Soriano, Julio A. Chirinos, Wenche Jy, Lawrence L. Horstman, Martin A. Valdivia, Hermes S. Velasquez, Yeon S. Ahn
Journal: Blood (2004)
Final Results of a Phase I Trial of Oral Vorinostat (Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid, SAHA) in Patients with Advanced Multiple Myeloma.
Authors: Paul G. Richardson, Constantine S. Mitsiades, Kathleen Colson, Eileen Reilly, Laura McBride, Judy Chiao, Linda Sun, Justin L. Ricker, Syed Rizvi, Carol Oerth, Barbara Atkins, Ivy Fearen, Kenneth C. Anderson, David S. Siegel
Journal: Blood (2007)
GENT-30. INTEGRATED GENOMIC ANALYSIS FOR VON HIPPEL-LINDAU DISEASE-RELATED AND SPORADIC HEMANGIOBLASTOMAS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Authors: Shunsaku Takayanagi, Akitake Mukasa, Masashi Nomura, Shota Tanaka, Hirofumi Nakatomi, Hiroyuki Aburatani, Koichi Ichimura, Nobuhito Saito
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

Hemangioblastomas (HBs) are benign central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms that present as sporadic, isolated lesions or as a subset of CNS lesions in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease. The causative gene of VHL disease is the tumor suppressor gene VHL on chromosome 3. Several papers reported that the incidence of VHL alterations is significantly lower in sporadic HBs than in VHL disease-related ones. Whether the VHL alterations is important in tumorigenesis of sporadic HBs is unclear. To clarify the incidence of VHL alterations, we analyzed 11 VHL disease-related HBs and 21 sporadic ones. Using direct sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assays, all VHL disease-related HBs were detected mutations or deletions of VHL, however, only four sporadic HBs (4/21,19%) were detected. Using target sequencing, more 8 sporadic samples could be detected VHL mutations. The difficulty in detection of VHL alterations in sporadic HBs by direct sequencing is thought to be based on the low ratios of neoplastic cells, “stromal” cells in HBs. Using data from single nucleotide polymorphism arrays, the almost similar ratios of VHL disease-related and sporadic HBs were found loss of heterogyzosity (LOH) on chromosome 3 (64% and 57%, respectively). Among 19 tumors with chromosome 3 LOH, four were classified as copy neutral LOH. The rate of biallelic VHL inactivation among VHL disease-related and sporadic HBs was 64% and 19%, respectively. In conclusion, VHL alterations is a dominant mechanism in the pathogenesis of not only VHL disease-related HBs, but also sporadic ones.
PARP Inhibitor Upregulates PD-L1 Expression and Enhances Cancer-Associated Immunosuppression
Authors: Shiping Jiao, Weiya Xia, Hirohito Yamaguchi, Yongkun Wei, Mei-Kuang Chen, Jung-Mao Hsu, Jennifer L. Hsu, Wen-Hsuan Yu, Yi Du, Heng-Huan Lee, Chia-Wei Li, Chao-Kai Chou, Seung-Oe Lim, Shih-Shin Chang, Jennifer Litton, Banu Arun, Gabriel N. Hortobagyi, Mien-Chie Hung
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2017)

Purpose: To explore whether a cross-talk exists between PARP inhibition and PD-L1/PD-1 immune checkpoint axis, and determine whether blockade of PD-L1/PD-1 potentiates PARP inhibitor (PARPi) in tumor suppression.Experimental Design: Breast cancer cell lines, xenograft tumors, and syngeneic tumors treated with PARPi were assessed for PD-L1 expression by immunoblotting, IHC, and FACS analyses. The phospho-kinase antibody array screen was used to explore the underlying mechanism of PARPi-induced PD-L1 upregulation. The therapeutic efficacy of PARPi alone, PD-L1 blockade alone, or their combination was tested in a syngeneic tumor model. The tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor cells isolated from syngeneic tumors were analyzed by CyTOF and FACS to evaluate the activity of antitumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment.Results: PARPi upregulated PD-L1 expression in breast cancer cell lines and animal models. Mechanistically, PARPi inactivated GSK3β, which in turn enhanced PARPi-mediated PD-L1 upregulation. PARPi attenuated anticancer immunity via upregulation of PD-L1, and blockade of PD-L1 resensitized PARPi-treated cancer cells to T-cell killing. The combination of PARPi and anti-PD-L1 therapy compared with each agent alone significantly increased the therapeutic efficacy in vivoConclusions: Our study demonstrates a cross-talk between PARPi and tumor-associated immunosuppression and provides evidence to support the combination of PARPi and PD-L1 or PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade as a potential therapeutic approach to treat breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3711-20. ©2017 AACR.
TPSAB1 Genotype and Effects of Pro-Tryptases on Human Mast Cell-Associated Disorders
Authors: Jonathan Lyons, Jack Chovanec, Yihui Liu, None Quang T. Le, Yun Bai, Amy P. Hsu, Hirsh D. Komarow, Melody C. Carter, Lawrence B. Schwartz, Dean D. Metcalfe, Joshua D. Milner
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2017)
Unique and Potent Tumor Specific Antibodies in Graft Versus Leukemia Responses
Authors: Marijn A. Gillissen, Etsuko Yasuda, Sophie Levie, Arjen Q Bakker, Martijn Kedde, Yvonne B Claassen, Cynthia Huisman, Hergen Spits, Tim Beaumont, Mette D. Hazenberg
Journal: Blood (2014)
A Prognostic Model of Therapy-Related Myelodysplastic syndrome .
Authors: Hawk Kim, Elias Jabbour, Tapan Kadia, Gautam Borthakur, Sherry Pierce, Jianqin Shan, Jorge Cortes, Farhad Ravandi, William G Wierda, Zeev Estrov, Stefan Faderl, Guillermo Garcia-Manero
Journal: Blood (2009)
Twenty-one Year Trends in the Treatment of Pediatric Acute Severe Asthma by Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Critical Care Program Directors
Authors: Roua Azmeh, Jeffrey R. Leipzig, Jonathan M. Rodrigues, Aaron M. McLaughlin, Katie MacKrell, Rachel N. Han, Eric Adjei Boakye, Paula M. Buchanan, Mark S. Dykewicz, Bradley A. Becker
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2017)
Erratum: Corrigendum: The kinase Jnk2 promotes stress-induced mitophagy by targeting the small mitochondrial form of the tumor suppressor ARF for degradation
Authors: Qiao Zhang, Hong Kuang, Cong Chen, Jie Yan, Hanh Chi Do-Umehara, Xin-yuan Liu, Laura Dada, Karen M Ridge, Navdeep S Chandel, Jing Liu
Journal: Nature Immunology (2015)
Superior Survival in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Following Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation with Intravenous Busulfan, Cyclophosphamide, and Etoposide.
Authors: Robert Dean, Lisa Rybicki, Brad Pohlman, John William Sweetenham, Stephen Smith, Edward Copelan, Ronald Sobecks, Matt Kalaycio, Steven Andresen, Shawnda Sungren, Brian J. Bolwell
Journal: Blood (2008)
498PD_PR Prevalence and types of distress among Adult and Young Adolescent (AYA) newly diagnosed with cancer in Singapore
Authors: T.E. Woldehaimanot, W. LinGoh, E. Poon, G. Fan Kam Tong, P. Neo Soek Hui, R. Quek, M. Farid, A. Chan
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
EPID-13. POLYMORPHISMS IN MYELOID-ASSOCIATED GENES PREDICT GLIOMA SURVIVAL
Authors: Amy Heimberger, Yanhong Liu, Konrad Gabrusiewicz, E. Susan Amirian, Spiridon Tsavachidis, Georgina Armstrong, Renke Zhou, Jun Wei, Cristina Ivan, George Calin, Michael Scheurer, Anna Dahlin, Beatrice Melin, Melissa Bondy
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

Growing evidence is revealing an association between the myeloid cell infiltration and glioma development and progression. Therefore, identifying myeloid-derived genes variants that predict survival may demonstrate important insight into tumor biology and treatment. We evaluated 1878 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 96 myeloid-derived genes for prognostic impact in 662 glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and 562 low-grade gliomas (LGG), respectively, using Cox regression model. We then tested our promising findings in another independent datasets totaling 347 GBM and 667 LGG. The median survival time (MST) for GBM patients were 1.42 year; for LGG patients were 5.63 year. We identified 22 SNPs as predictors of GBM survival and 19 SNPs as predictors of LGG survival. For GBM, the strongest associations were attained at KCNN2 rs2974491 (HR 1.18; CI:1.05-1.35; p= 0.010), IL6 [rs6461667 (HR 0.84; CI:0.74-0.94; p=0.003), rs1554606 (HR 0.85; CI:0.75-0.95; p=0.007), and rs6954897 (HR 1.17; CI 1.06-1.31; p=0.0011)], and TLR4 [rs2149361 (HR 1.28; CI:1.08-1.51; p=0.003) and rs3860141 (HR 1.19; CI:1.03-1.30; p=0.010)]; for LGG, the strongest signals were seen at IL12A [rs2561287 (HR 1.41; CI:1.09-1.82; p=0.009), rs7610160 (HR 0.80; CI:0.67-0.95; p=0.010), and rs2366408 (HR 0.77; CI:0.66-0.95; p=0.14)], and IL17A rs17640030 (HR 1.42; CI: 1.12-1.92; p=0.009). These findings were further confirmed in the validation set and further joint effect analysis showed a strong gene-dosage effect for both GBM and LGG (Ptrend < 0.0001). The MST decreased progressively as the number of at-risk SNPs increased. This exploratory analysis supports polymorphisms in myeloid-derived genes, in particular, KCNN2, IL6 and TLR4 impacting GBM survival, and IL12A and IL17Agenes associated with LGG survival.
Basophil Activation in Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory Disease
Authors: Whitney W. Stevens, Kathryn E. Hulse, Julie A. Poposki, Lydia A. Suh, James Norton, Roderick G. Carter, Atsushi Kato, Leslie C. Grammer, Kathleen E. Harris, Anju T. Peters, Caroline P.E. Price, David B. Conley, Robert C. Kern, Stephanie S. Smith, Bruce K. Tan, Kevin C. Welch, Robert P. Schleimer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2017)
Risk Factors Associated with Asthma-Related Emergency Department and Urgent Care Visits Among Older Adults
Authors: Joy Hsu, Jessica Chen, Maria Mirabelli
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2017)

Asthma morbidity is increased among older adults. Interventions to improve asthma control in this population are not well-described. We investigated risk factors for asthma-related emergency department and urgent care center visits (ED/UCV) using a sample of older adults (≥65 years) with active asthma from 40 states, the District of Columbia, Guam and Puerto Rico who participated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Asthma Call-back Survey, a random-digit dialing survey. We conducted weighted logistic regression analyses using 2006–2010 data to compare older adults with and without asthma-related ED/UC visits with respect to clinical, environmental, and financial measures. We controlled for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Among 14,076 older adults with active asthma (representing >2.6 million persons), 10.6% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]=9.7–11.5%) reported ≥1 asthma-related ED/UCV in the past year. Compared to older adults without asthma-related ED/UCV, adjusted odds were higher among older adults with ≥1 asthma-related ED/UCV for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (adjusted odds ratio[aOR]=2.26, 95% CI=1.80–2.82), coronary artery disease (aOR=1.53, 95% CI=1.24–1.89), depression (aOR=1.42, 95% CI=1.15–1.76), diabetes (aOR=1.28, 95% CI=1.03–1.59), mold in the home (aOR=1.61, 95% CI=1.18–2.20), and cost as a barrier to accessing asthma-related health care (primary care aOR=1.92, 95% CI=1.31–2.81; specialty care aOR=2.47, 95% CI=1.57–3.90; asthma medication aOR=1.87, 95% CI=1.41–2.46). Among older adults, asthma-related ED/UCV were associated with medical comorbidities, mold in the home, and financial barriers to asthma-related health care. Interventions addressing modifiable factors could reduce asthma-related ED/UCV among older adults.
Case 4-2017
Authors: T. Bernard Kinane, Angela E. Lin, Manuella Lahoud-Rahme, Sjirk J. Westra, Eugene J. Mark
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

A 2-month-old girl presented with respiratory failure and growth retardation. Imaging revealed periventricular heterotopia (which her mother and grandmother also had), architectural distortion of the lungs, and cardiac abnormalities. Diagnostic procedures were performed.
MicroRNA Expression Signatures Accurately Discriminate Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia from Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
Authors: Shuangli Mi, Jun Lu, Miao Sun, Zejuan Li, Hao Zhang, Mary Beth Neilly, Yungui Wang, Zhijian Qian, Jie Jin, Yanming Zhang, Stefan K. Bohlander, Michelle M. Le, Richard Larson, Todd R. Golub, Janet D. Rowley, Jianjun Chen
Journal: Blood (2007)
NICE recommends controlled intrabeam use for breast cancer after three year delay
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Intrabeam radiotherapy, a single dose treatment for people with early breast cancer, can be used in a controlled way while further data on its effectiveness are collected, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has recommended.1

NICE’s independent appraisal committee said it was not certain that this targeted radiotherapy is as effective as conventional radiotherapy in preventing the recurrence of breast cancer. However, the committee heard that the risk of local recurrence is low in the patients receiving intrabeam treatment.

The guidance acknowledges that the treatment offers many advantages to patients and recommends advising patients about the treatment options available so that they can make an informed choice.

In July 2014 NICE published virtually identical draft guidance, which …
DDIS-18. A NOVEL INHIBITOR OF β-CATENIN SELECTIVELY HALTS ONCOGENIC WNT SIGNALING
Authors: Elmar Nurmemmedov, Santosh Kesari
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2016)

β-catenin is a key player of the WNT signaling pathway; its aberrant regulation is associated with the onset and progression of numerous types of cancer, making β-catenin an attractive drug target. However, direct inhibition of β-catenin is a challenging approach toward suppression of β-catenin-driven oncogenicity. We have identified BCAT-D4, (referred to as D4 in the manuscript) a drug candidate that binds to a novel allosteric hotspot on the surface of β-catenin. It interacts with the target with nanomolar binding affinity, selectively reduces viability of human β-catenin-driven cancer cells, and activates degradation of β-catenin. We show that D4 reverses nuclear translocation of β-catenin, and inhibits stemness-promoting WNT signaling downstream of β-catenin. We report a pharmacologic approach for selective inhibition of β-catenin via a novel allosteric modulation site. We are testing applicability of D4 on brain tumors.
Appeal court upholds stay on Trump’s travel ban
Authors: Michael McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2017)

A US federal appeal court has refused to overturn a lower court’s ruling blocking the implementation of President Donald Trump’s executive order to bar any citizens of seven Muslim majority nations from entering the US for 90 days, any refugees for 120 days, and refugees from war torn Syria indefinitely.

The president said that the ban was necessary to allow the government to review its vetting procedures so that terrorists from these countries could not enter the US. The appeals court decision allows the temporary restraining order to remain in place while the lower court judge considers the presidential order’s legality.

In a unanimous decision the three judge panel rejected the Trump administration’s claim that the court did not have authority to review the legality of the president’s action on immigration policy, particularly when …
A Novel Human Effector B cell Subset
Authors: Willem van de Veen, Anna Globlinska, Oliver F. Wirz, Kirstin Jansen, Barbara Stanic, Francesc Castro Giner, Avidan Neumann, Hergen Spits, Cezmi A. Akdis, Mübeccel Akdis
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2017)
CD38 Expression Has an Important Value among Prognostic Factors in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): A Multivariate Analysis in 160 Patients.
Authors: Carolina Pavlovsky, Miguel A. Pavlovsky, Maria L. Pardo, Sandra Sapia, Pablo Mountford, Isolda I. Fernandez, Claudia S. Corrado, Mariana Juni Statistics, Santiago Pavlovsky
Journal: Blood (2004)
MDMX Is Widely Expressed in Adult Pre-Cursor B Cell B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Is a Potential Therapeutic Target.
Authors: Xin Han, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Timothy McDonnell, Gullermina Lozano, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Gary Rosner, Kimberly J. Hayes, Carlos E. Bueso-Ramos
Journal: Blood (2005)
Risk Factor Analysis for Predicting Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease of Progressive or Quiescent Type in a Cohort of Patients with a History of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation.
Authors: Sang Kyun Sohn, Dong Hwan Kim, Jin Ho Baek, Jong Gwang Kim, Kyu Bo Lee, Kyoo-Hyung Lee, Je-Hwan Lee, Seong-Jun Choi, Jung-Hee Lee
Journal: Blood (2005)
The role of p21 activated kinase (PAK) in human colorectal cancer cell lines and resistance to cetuximab
Authors: A. Servetto, V. D'Amato, R. Rosa, C. Di Mauro, P. Ciciola, R.C. Orsini, R. Marciano, S. de Placido, R. Bianco
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Applying Academic Detailing and Process Change to Promote Choosing Wisely
Authors: Michael Fralick, Aaron Kesselheim, Jerry Avorn
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal