tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P08.08 Apoptotic effects of the luteolin on the U87MG human glioblastoma cell line through p38 dependent pathway
Authors: W. Cho
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Objective: Flavonoids are known to display anti-inflammatory capacities. And it has been reported blocked progression of carcinogenesis, containing cell transformation, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis, through reducing transcription factors, inhibiting kinases, and inducing apoptotic cell death. Luteolin, 3’,4’,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone, is a common flavonoid that exists in many types of plants and herb including fruits, vegetables, and medicinal herbs such as green pepper, parsley, artichoke, and celery. It has been reported that potential of anticancer property of luteolin is associated with the induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of cell proliferation, metastasis and angiogenesis. However, the effect of luteolin effect and its molecular mechanism have been still unclear on the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Materials and Methods: U87MG cells were treated with luteolin, measured cell viability using MTT [3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide] assay and trypan blue exclusion assay. The apoptotic characteristics were detected by Annexin V and PI staining, flow cytometry analysis and immunoblot analysis. Results: Luteolin induced inhibition of cell viability on the U87MG cells in a dose- and time dependent manners. Apoptotic effect determined based on the increase of positive stained cells by Annexin V and PI staining. Luteolin-induced apoptosis molecular mechanism was associated via p38 signaling and TGF-β signaling dependent pathway. Conclusion: Understanding the mechanisms will correctly facilitate the use of luteolin in therapy for cancer prevention. These results could suggest that luteolin is major anti-proliferative flavonoid, which induces apoptosis in the U87MG cells. Moreover effect of luteolin was controlled through p38 and TGF-β signaling dependent pathway. Therefore, luteolin might be a beneficial candidate for novel chemotherapeutic agent of human malignant glioma treatment.
P10.10 Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma without a tumor mass lesion influences intracranial hemorrhage: case report
Authors: Y. Hanashima, T. Ohta, Y. Takamine, A. Yoshino
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

BACKGROUND: Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is rare, with slowly growing neoplasms corresponding to World Health Organization (WHO) grade II. Intracranial hemorrhage associated with lower grade glioma is unusual. Some studies have described intracranial hemorrhage associated with PXA. We report have an unusual case of intracranial hemorrhage case in which a cystic lesion appeared at 9 months, for which the pathological diagnosis was PXA. CASE REPORT: An 11-year-old girl was admitted with headache and convulsions. A computed tomography (CT) scan had demonstrated intracranial hemorrhage in the right temporal lobe. She underwent angiography, but we were unable to detect vascular disease including arteriovenous malformation, angioma or aneurysm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 9 months after onset of the intracranial hemorrhage revealed a cystic lesion, with a mass lesion on Gd-enhancement, in the right temporal. Following surgery, pathological examinations demonstrated PXA. PATHOLOGICAL FINDINGS: The tumor cells displayed cytoplasmic pleomorphism and xanthomatous changes. Microvascular proliferation and bleeding scars were evident, but there was no mitosis or necrosis. The tumor exhibited glial components including eosinophilic granular bodies. DISCUSSION: PXAs tend to appear as hypo-vascular mases on angiography, and histological hyper-vascularity is rare. In the present case, microvascular proliferation and lymphocyte cells surrounded by tumor vessels were observed. These findings suggested that microvascular proliferation and vasculitis had led to intratumor hemorrhage and intracranial hemorrhage.
Meningococcal disease in the Middle East and Africa: Findings and updates from the Global Meningococcal Initiative
Authors: Ray Borrow, Dominique A. Caugant, Mehmet Ceyhan, Hannah Christensen, Ener Cagri Dinleyici, Jamie Findlow, Linda Glennie, Anne Von Gottberg, Amel Kechrid, Julio Vázquez Moreno, Aziza Razki, Vincent Smith, Muhamed-Kheir Taha, Hassiba Tali-Maamar, Khalid Zerouali
Journal: Journal of Infection (2017)

The Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI) has recently considered current issues in Middle Eastern and African countries, and produced two recommendations: (i) that vaccination of attendees should be considered for some types of mass-gathering events, as some countries mandate for the Hajj, and (ii) vaccination of people with human immunodeficiency virus should be used routinely, because of increased meningococcal disease (MD) risk. Differences exist between Middle Eastern and African countries regarding case and syndrome definitions, surveillance, and epidemiologic data gaps. Sentinel surveillance provides an overview of trends and prevalence of different capsular groups supporting vaccine selection and planning, whereas cost-effectiveness decisions require comprehensive disease burden data, ideally counting every case. Surveillance data showed importance of serogroup B MD in North Africa and serogroup W expansion in Turkey and South Africa. Success of MenAfriVac® in the African "meningitis belt" was reviewed; the GMI believes similar benefits may follow development of a low-cost meningococcal pentavalent vaccine, currently in phase 1 clinical trial, by 2022. The importance of carriage and herd protection for controlling invasive MD and the importance of advocacy and awareness campaigns were also highlighted.
Variants at the<i>OCA2</i>/<i>HERC2</i>locus affect time to first cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in solid organ transplant recipients collected using two different study designs
Authors: L. Wei, D.C. Allain, M.N. Bernhardt, J.L. Gillespie, S.B. Peters, O.H. Iwenofu, H.H. Nelson, S.T. Arron, A.E. Toland
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2017)

Variants at the oculocutaneous albinism 2 (OCA2)/HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (HERC2) locus have been associated with pigmentation phenotypes and risk of developing several types of skin cancer.To evaluate OCA2/HERC2 locus variants for their impact on time to develop cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in organ transplant recipients (OTRs) who are at elevated risk of developing cSCC.Participants were solid OTRs ascertained from two centres (n = 125 and 261) with an average of 13·1 years of follow-up post-transplant. DNA was available for genotyping for all participants, in addition to medical records and questionnaire data. The Ohio State University study had a case-control design with prospective follow-up, and the University of California San Francisco study was a national cross-sectional survey with retrospective chart review.OCA2 variants rs12913832 and rs916977 were significantly associated with time to first cSCC post-transplant. OTRs homozygous for the brown-eye alleles of rs916977 (GG) and rs12913832 (AA) had significant delays of time to first cSCC post-transplant compared with individuals homozygous for the blue-eye alleles (hazard ratio 0·34, P < 0·001 and hazard ratio 0·54, P = 0·012, respectively). Both variants were highly associated with eye colour in the combined studies (P < 0·001).This study is the first to show an association between OCA2/HERC2 variants and time to first cSCC post-transplant. This may impact dermatological screening recommendations for high-risk populations.
Body size, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) polymorphisms and testicular germ cell tumors
Authors: Katherine A. McGlynn, Lori C. Sakoda, Mark P. Purdue, R. Loren Erickson, Barry I. Graubard
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

4592  Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most common cancer among U.S. men between the ages of 15 and 35 years. The etiology of TGCT is poorly understood, with the only well-described risk factors being cryptorchism, family history of TGCT and prior TGCT in the contralateral testis. Another possible risk factor is increased adult height. As height has been found to be associated with IGF1 polymorphisms in several studies, it is possible that the relationship between height and TGCT is mediated by polymorphisms in IGF1. To explore this hypothesis, 507 cases and 604 controls who participated in the STEED TGCT study were examined. The STEED study was a case-control study conducted among U.S. military servicemen between 2002 and 2005. Participants provided questionnaire data, buccal cell samples and access to previously collected serum samples. For the present analysis, eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms in IGF1 were examined: Exon4-177C>G, Exon4+1830G>A, IVS3-5895A>G, IVS3+6982G>A, IVS2-2290C>T, IVS2-10010C>T, IVS2-10082C>G, IVS2-13577G>C, IVS2-16540A>G, IVS2+4996G>T, IVS1-1682A>G. Analyses were conducted after stratification into the two principal TGCT histologic subtypes, seminoma and nonseminoma, and among all cases and controls together. Due to small numbers of non-white participants, the current analysis was restricted to white men. Unconditional logistic regression, adjusted for age and serum date, was used to compare the adult height (in quartiles) of cases and controls. Cases were significantly taller than controls (Q4:Q1 OR: 1.93, 95%CI: 1.41-2.65) and the relationship was evident in both histologic subtypes (seminoma Q4:Q1 OR: 1.91, 95%CI: 1.31-2.79; nonseminoma Q4:Q1 OR: 1.88, 95%CI: 1.22-2.90). However, there were no significant relationships between any of the polymorphisms and adult height. Similarly, none of the polymorphisms was significantly related to TGCT or to seminoma separately. Among the nonseminomas, however, there was a significant association between the IVS2-13577G>C polymorphism and risk such that men with one or more copies of the C allele were at significantly lower risk than men with no C alleles (OR: 0.74; 95%CI:0.55-0.99) A joint examination of the effects of height and each IGF1 polymorphism on risk, however, found little evidence of genetic susceptibility after the p-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons. In summary, while increased height appears to be related to the risk of TGCT among white men, the effect does not appear to be associated with any the IGF1 polymorphisms examined.
Early Identification of Pregnant Women at Risk for Preeclampsia
Authors: Martha Gulati
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Mechanisms of Hippocampal Aging and the Potential for Rejuvenation
Authors: Xuelai Fan, Elizabeth G. Wheatley, Saul A. Villeda
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2017)

The past two decades have seen remarkable progress in our understanding of the multifactorial drivers of hippocampal aging and cognitive decline. Recent findings have also raised the possibility of functional rejuvenation in the aged hippocampus. In this review, we aim to synthesize the mechanisms that drive hippocampal aging and evaluate critically the potential for rejuvenation. We discuss the functional changes in synaptic plasticity and regenerative potential of the aged hippocampus, followed by mechanisms of microglia aging, and assess the cross talk between these proaging processes. We then examine proyouth interventions that demonstrate significant promise in reversing age-related impairments in the hippocampus and, finally, attempt to look ahead toward novel therapeutics for brain aging.
P13.02 The ambiguity of brain metastasis response to radiotherapy driven by cellular adhesion molecules
Authors: M. Sarmiento Soto, J. R. Larkin
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

BACKGROUND: Brain metastases treatments are usually based on surgery and radiation therapies with poor patient survival. Cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) are promiscuous proteins highly involved in tumour progression. Owing to their dual functionality in structure and signalling, CAMs have emerged as potential targets in the clinic. It has been shown that CAMs can modulate radiation response in different types of tumours, triggering either apoptosis or resistance. However, this complex behaviour has not been studied in brain metastasis. In recent years, we have demonstrated a role of several CAMs during brain metastasis progression. For example, disrupting interactions between circulating tumour cells and brain vasculature using antibodies against ALCAM (CD166) and VLA-4 (α4β1), resulted in a significant decrease in metastatic colonies. Similarly, after LFA-1 (αLβ2) knockdown in tumour cells, brain metastasis growth was greatly reduced. On this basis, the aim of the current study was to determine the effect of concomitant stereotactic brain radiotherapy (SARRP) and anti-CAM treatments in breast cancer brain metastasis in vivo models. Methods: MDA231Br human breast carcinoma cells were treated with shRNA against either LFA1 or ALCAM. Cells were intracerebrally injected (5.000 cells/0.5 µl PBS) into the left striatum of female SCID mice. At day 14 after tumour injection, animals received a single dose of 15Gy in the striatum. Animals were culled 21 days after injection and brains processed for tumour quantitation. Results and Discussion: As previously shown, animals injected with LFA1 K.D. cells showed a 70% reduction in tumour burden 21 days after tumour implantation compared to those injected with the parent MDA231Br cells. Moreover, when irradiation was added, a synergistic effect (85% decrease in tumour growth) was evident in LFA1 K.D. injected animals. This study is particularly interesting from a clinical perspective, since anti-LFA1 therapies are common in the clinic for transplant rejection, joint inflammation or psoriasis treatments. In contrast, although animals injected with ALCAM K.D. MDA231Br cells showed a similar reduction (~80%) in tumour burden 21 days after injection, following irradiation tumour burden was comparable to that seen with the parental MDA231Br cells. These data suggest a pivotal role for ALCAM in brain metastasis progression and radiation response. Unravelling LFA-1 and ALCAM pathways in brain metastasis progression may lead to the successful combination of current clinical anti-inflammatory and radiation therapies and increase patient life expectancy.
A systematic review of potential long-term effects of sport-related concussion
Authors: Geoff Manley, Andrew J Gardner, Kathryn J Schneider, Kevin M Guskiewicz, Julian Bailes, Robert C Cantu, Rudolph J Castellani, Michael Turner, Barry D Jordan, Christopher Randolph, Jiří Dvořák, K. Alix Hayden, Charles H Tator, Paul McCrory, Grant L Iverson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Objective Systematic review of possible long-term effects of sports-related concussion in retired athletes. Data sources Ten electronic databases. Study selection Original research; incidence, risk factors or causation related to long-term mental health or neurological problems; individuals who have suffered a concussion; retired athletes as the subjects and possible long-term sequelae defined as &gt; 10 years after the injury. Data extraction Study population, exposure/outcome measures, clinical data, neurological examination findings, cognitive assessment, neuroimaging findings and neuropathology results. Risk of bias and level of evidence were evaluated by two authors. Results Following review of 3819 studies, 47 met inclusion criteria. Some former athletes have depression and cognitive deficits later in life, and there is an association between these deficits and multiple prior concussions. Former athletes are not at increased risk for death by suicide (two studies). Former high school American football players do not appear to be at increased risk for later life neurodegenerative diseases (two studies). Some retired professional American football players may be at increased risk for diminishment in cognitive functioning or mild cognitive impairment (several studies), and neurodegenerative diseases (one study). Neuroimaging studies show modest evidence of macrostructural, microstructural, functional and neurochemical changes in some athletes. Conclusion Multiple concussions appear to be a risk factor for cognitive impairment and mental health problems in some individuals. More research is needed to better understand the prevalence of chronic traumatic encephalopathy and other neurological conditions and diseases, and the extent to which they are related to concussions and/or repetitive neurotrauma sustained in sports.
Evolocumab Added to Statins to Reduce Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Scott W. Murray
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P09.21 Complete radiological response after subtotal resection in two Gglioblastoma patients treated with Tumor Treating Fields
Authors: A. F. Kessler, T. Linsenmann
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Subtotal resection decreases significantly overall survival and progression free survival in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), as compared to gross total resection. Residual contrast-enhancing tumors rarely vanish following radiation and chemotherapy. Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are alternating electric fields of low intensity (1-3 V/cm) and intermediate frequency (100-300 kHz). The multicenter phase 3, EF-14 trial has shown that treatment of GBM patients with TTF in addition to Temozolomide (TMZ), after radio-chemotherapy according to the Stupp protocol, leads to a significant increase in progression-free and overall survival. We report on two patients with subtotally resected GBMs localized in eloquent areas. These patients received concomitant TTFields (200 kHz) in addition to TMZ after surgery and radio-chemotherapy. A 44-year-old man developed a secondary IDH1-wildtype and MGMT-promoter-methylated (IDH1 WT, MGMT+) GBM while receiving radio-chemotherapy according to the Stupp-protocol due to anaplastic astrocytoma WHO°III (cycle 4 of TMZ). Concomitant to further 6 cycles of TMZ, TTFields therapy was initiated 4 weeks after subtotal resection of GBM and was continued for 20 months with a compliance rate of 62,81%. Complete response of the contrast-enhancing tumor was seen after 18 months of TTFields` treatment.A 54-year old woman with primary GBM (IDH1 WT, MGMT+) received 6 cycles of TMZ after subtotal resection and combined radio-chemotherapy. Concomitant TTFields treatment was continued for 8 months with a compliance rate of 92,62%. Complete response of the contrast-enhancing tumor was seen after 5 months of TTFields` treatment. In summary, we report on two GBM patients who underwent subtotal resection and were subsequently treated with TTFields at our institution. Both patients showed complete radiological responses under TTFields` treatment, occurring earlier with a higher compliance rate, and and no recurrent tumor growth at 20 and 12 months, respectively.
Applicability of the IMPROVE-IT Trial to Current Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Thomas M. Maddox, Fengming Tang, John R. Downs, Frederick A. Masoudi, Salim S. Virani, Stacie L. Daugherty, John S. Rumsfeld
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

with increased risks of fetal congenital cardiac anomalies after adjustment for maternal comorbidities.The previously reported association between β-blocker use and fetal cardiac anomalies in other studies may be attributed to confounding.One limitation of our study is that β-blocker exposure was based on pharmacy dispensing information, and it was not possible to ascertain if the pregnant women actually took the medication (ie, misclassification owing to noncompliance).On the other hand, because pharmacy dispensing information was used, we were able to avoid any recall bias that might be associated with studies using surveys to determine medication exposure.While these findings do not definitively rule out the possibility of fetal congenital defects in association with β-blocker use, these results do provide reassurance regarding the use of this class of medication for the treatment of cardiac conditions in pregnant women.
Genomic consequences of aberrant DNA repair mechanisms stratify ovarian cancer histotypes
Authors: Yi Kan Wang, Ali Bashashati, Michael S Anglesio, Dawn R Cochrane, Diljot S Grewal, Gavin Ha, Andrew McPherson, Hugo M Horlings, Janine Senz, Leah M Prentice, Anthony N Karnezis, Daniel Lai, Mohamed R Aniba, Allen W Zhang, Karey Shumansky, Celia Siu, Adrian Wan, Melissa K McConechy, Hector Li-Chang, Alicia Tone, Diane Provencher, Manon de Ladurantaye, Hubert Fleury, Aikou Okamoto, Satoshi Yanagida, Nozomu Yanaihara, Misato Saito, Andrew J Mungall, Richard Moore, Marco A Marra, C Blake Gilks, Anne-Marie Mes-Masson, Jessica N McAlpine, Samuel Aparicio, David G Huntsman, Sohrab P Shah
Journal: Nature Genetics (2017)