tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a community-based cervical cancer screening program using visual inspection with acetic acid and Lugol’s iodine in Kutch District, India.
Authors: Surbhi Grover, Melody Ju, Lilie L. Lin, Shobha Krishnan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e12009 Background: Visual inspection with acetic acid and Lugol’s iodine (VIA/VILI) is increasingly reframed as a bridge modality through which low resource countries can provide cervical cancer screening while waiting for the more effective HPV DNA tests to become affordable. Often the screening programs are organized by government bodies that lack the trust of the local communities and hence such programs suffer from poor participation. Here we aim to describe a locally-sustained VIA/VILI screening program in rural Kutch district in India directed by Kutch Mahlia Vikas Sangathan (KMVS), a local NGO committed to women empowerment. Methods: All capacity-building measures (funding, training, materials, and healthcare workers) were rooted in the local community. Heath workers were sent to Tata Memorial Cancer Center in Mumbai for training. NGO members held information sessions prior the screening camps educating women about the significance of screening. A three-visit screening model using VIA/VILI was implemented. At first visit, all women were consented and screened. VIA/VILI positive women returned for a second visit for biospy. Biopsy positive women then returned for a third visit to arrange for treatment. All the screening camps were conducted in community buildings such as schools with the collaboration of the village leaders. Results: Screening camps were set up in 17 villages in 2010-2011, screening a total of 832 married women upto the age of 50. There were 0 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) positive lesions or invasive cancers found. None of the women were lost to follow-up. Conclusions: It is feasible to develop a community level screening program and to provide cancer prevention needs from within a community. Future directions include further evaluation of downstream protocols after VIA/VILI tests, increasing health worker diagnostic and treatment capacity, and determining positive recruitment factors in women attending screening camps. The KMVS screening program has been well-received and has been approached by several other NGO’s and training centers seeking to build similar community-based cervical cancer screening programs.
Understanding Medication Nonadherence after Kidney Transplant
Authors: Thomas E. Nevins, Peter W. Nickerson, Mary Amanda Dew
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2017)

Alloimmunity remains a barrier to long-term graft survival that necessitates lifelong immunosuppressive therapy after renal transplant. Medication nonadherence has been increasingly recognized as a major impediment to achieving effective immunosuppression. Electronic medication monitoring further reveals that nonadherence manifests early after transplant, although the effect is delayed. The etiology of nonadherence is multifactorial, with the strongest risk factors including past nonadherence and being an adolescent or young adult. Other risk factors with smaller but consistently important effects include minority race/ethnicity, poor social supports, and poor perceived health. In children, risk factors related to parental and child psychologic and behavioral functioning and parental distress and burden are also important. Qualitative systematic reviews highlight the need to tailor interventions to each transplant recipient’s unique needs, motivations, and barriers rather than offer a one size fits all approach. To date, relatively few interventions have been studied, and most studies conducted were underpowered to allow definitive conclusions. If the kidney transplant community’s goal of “one transplant for life” is to become a reality, then solutions for medication nonadherence must be found and implemented.
Mucosectomie oesophagienne: résultats d'une série de 120 patients consécutifs
Authors: M Ciorcilian, M Lapalus, V Hervieu, J Souquet, B Napoléon, J Scoazec, C Lefort, J Saurin, T Ponchon
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

La résection muqueuse endoscopique (RMEO) est devenu le traitement de référence des cancers superficiels de l'oesophage. Nous rapportons les résultats d'une série de 120 patients traités de façon consécutive par RMEO.
China vows to clamp down on academic fraud amid medical journal scandal
Authors: Jane Parry
Journal: BMJ (2017)

China’s Ministry of Science and Technology has said that it is investigating the case of 107 papers from China retracted by the journal Tumor Biology in April this year and that it has “zero tolerance” for academic fraud. The papers were retracted after the journal’s publisher, Springer, conducted a manual screening that showed that the authors had submitted papers with fake email addresses for reviewers.

“The incident has had a very bad influence, seriously tarnishing the international reputation of China’s scientific …
Inflammation in the Neurocircuitry of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Sophia Attwells, Elaine Setiawan, Alan A. Wilson, Pablo M. Rusjan, Romina Mizrahi, Laura Miler, Cynthia Xu, Margaret Anne Richter, Alan Kahn, Stephen J. Kish, Sylvain Houle, Lakshmi Ravindran, Jeffrey H. Meyer
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2017)

For a small percentage of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) cases exhibiting additional neuropsychiatric symptoms, it was proposed that neuroinflammation occurs in the basal ganglia as an autoimmune response to infections. However, it is possible that elevated neuroinflammation, inducible by a diverse range of mechanisms, is important throughout the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit of OCD. Identifying brain inflammation is possible with the recent advance in positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands that bind to the translocator protein (TSPO). Translocator protein density increases when microglia are activated during neuroinflammation and the TSPO distribution volume (VT) is an index of TSPO density.To determine whether TSPO VT is elevated in the dorsal caudate, orbitofrontal cortex, thalamus, ventral striatum, dorsal putamen, and anterior cingulate cortex in OCD.This case-control study was conducted at a tertiary care psychiatric hospital from May 1, 2010, to November 30, 2016. Participants with OCD (n = 20) and age-matched healthy control individuals (n = 20) underwent a fluorine F 18-labeled N-(2-(2-fluoroethoxy)benzyl)-N-(4-phenoxypyridin-3-yl)acetamide PET scan. It is a high-quality second-generation TSPO-binding PET radiotracer. All participants were drug and medication free, nonsmoking, and otherwise healthy.The TSPO VT was measured in the dorsal caudate, orbitofrontal cortex, thalamus, ventral striatum, dorsal putamen, and anterior cingulate cortex. Compulsions were assessed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale.In the OCD and healthy groups, the mean (SD) ages were 27.4 (7.1) years and 27.6 (6.6) years, respectively, and 11 (55%) and 8 (40%) were women, respectively. In OCD, TSPO VT was significantly elevated in these brain regions (mean, 32%; range, 31%-36% except anterior cingulate cortex, 24%; analysis of variance, effect of diagnosis: P < .001 to P = .004). Slightly lower elevations in TSPO VT (22%-29%) were present in other gray matter regions. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale measure of distress associated with preventing compulsive behaviors significantly correlated with TSPO VT in the orbitofrontal cortex (uncorrected Pearson correlation r = 0.62; P = .005).To our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating inflammation within the neurocircuitry of OCD. The regional distribution of elevated TSPO VT argues that the autoimmune/neuroinflammatory theories of OCD should extend beyond the basal ganglia to include the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit. Immunomodulatory therapies should be investigated in adult OCD, rather than solely childhood OCD, particularly in cases with prominent distress when preventing compulsions.
Colonospie sous mélange de protoxyde d' azote et d'O2. Etude prospective chez 154 patients du 1/05/2004 au 1/10/2004
Authors: P Guillaume Mariotte Soupison Coutet Latournerie Bernard, P Guillaume Mariotte Soupison Coutet Latournerie Bernard, S Guillaume Mariotte Soupison Coutet Latournerie Bernard
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Etude prospective de la tolérance à une coloscopie sous mélange de protoxyde d'azote et d'oxygène sur une cohorte de 154 patients. Etude réalisée du 1/05/2004 au 1/10/2004.
Paralog-divergent Features May Help Reduce Off-target Effects of Drugs: Hints from Glucagon Subfamily Analysis
Authors: Zhining Sa, Jingqi Zhou, Yangyun Zou, Zhixi Su, Xun Gu
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2017)

Abstract Side effects from targeted drugs remain a serious concern. One reason is the nonselective binding of a drug to unintended proteins such as its paralogs, which are highly homologous in sequences and have similar structures and drug-binding pockets. To identify targetable differences between paralogs, we analyzed two types (type-I and type-II) of functional divergence between two paralogs in the known target protein receptor family G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) at the amino acid level. Paralogous protein receptors in glucagon-like subfamily, glucagon receptor (GCGR) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), exhibit divergence in ligands and are clinically validated drug targets for type 2 diabetes. Our data showed that type-II amino acids were significantly enriched in the binding sites of antagonist MK-0893 to GCGR, which had a radical shift in physicochemical properties between GCGR and GLP-1R. We also examined the role of type-I amino acids between GCGR and GLP-1R. The divergent features between GCGR and GLP-1R paralogs may be helpful in their discrimination, thus enabling the identification of binding sites to reduce undesirable side effects and increase the target specificity of drugs.
Premature ovarian aging in <i>BRCA</i> carriers: Is it a prototype of systemic precocious aging?
Authors: Irit Ben-Aharon, David Margel, Mattan Levi, Rinat Yerushalmi, Gali Perl, Benjamin Fisch, Shulamith Rizel, Ruth Shalgi, Salomon M. Stemmer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e13016 Background: Though former evidence implies a correlation of BRCA mutation with reduced ovarian reserve, the data is yet inconsistent. Our aim was to investigate biomarkers of ovarian aging in a cohort of young healthy carriers of the BRCA mutation. We hypothesized that the role played by BRCA genes in aging pathways is not exclusive to the ovary; therefore we looked for systemic biomarkers for aging in two cohorts of young female and male BRCA carriers. Methods: Healthy female BRCA carriers, 40 years or younger before prophylactic oophorectomy (PO) and healthy male BRCA carriers, 50 years or younger, were enrolled in the study; control cohorts consisted of age-matched healthy non-carriers (of each gender). Serum anti-mullerian Hormone (AMH) and the systemic aging cytokines fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), Klotho and IL-1 levels were measured. AMH and AKT mRNA were analyzed by qPCR in ovarian tissues from BRCA carriers who underwent PO and from age-matched, healthy, non-carriers who underwent partial oophorectomy due to benign conditions. Results: Thirty-three female (median age 35y) and 20 male (44y) BRCA carriers were enrolled in the study and matched to non-carriers (34y and 43y, respectively). In the female cohort - AMH levels were significantly lower in BRCA carriers than in both non-carrier controls and age-matched available AMH-nomograms. The levels of ovarian AMH and AKT mRNA were significantly lower in carriers than in controls. FGF-23, klotho and IL-1 displayed a differential expression in carriers of both genders. FGF-23 level was higher in carriers (p = 0.06). Conclusions: Our results suggest a potential link between BRCA mutation, accelerated ovarian aging and systemic aging-related pathophysiology. DNA damage plays an essential role in carcinogenesis; it also represents a common contributor for aging-related conditions. Thus, BRCA carriers may be potentially predisposed to enhanced aging, as observed in both genders (regardless of ovarian role). Future studies should elucidate this hypothesis and appraise the prevalence of non-cancer morbidities in BRCA carriers
Brain network activation (bna) analysis as a biomarker for concussion assessment and management
Authors: Amit Reches, Jeffrey Kutcher, RJ Elbin, Hadas Or-ly, Jacob Greer, DJ McAllister, Anthony P Kontos
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Objective There is a need for objective biomarkers to help identify concussion, monitor recovery, and assist clinicians in managing patients. Brain network activation (BNA) analysis is a high-density, multi-channel mapping and analysis technology that uses a subject’s event-related potentials to describe cortical activity and functional connectivity. The current study describes BNA analysis in three patients who sustained a concussion. Design Case series. Setting Three primary concussion clinics in the USA. Participants Three subjects who sustained a concussion, ages 16 to 31 years, one male and two females. Outcome measures BNA score, a measure of the how similar the subject’s brain activity was to a normative population (0%=no similarity, 100%=complete similarity); Patient-reported symptoms. Main results In the acute time period following their concussion, each patient’s BNA score decreased to 10–20%, indicating little similarity to brain activity and connectivity of normative populations. The immediate reduction in BNA score during this time period was accompanied by concussion-related symptoms reported by each patient. In a longitudinal BNA analysis, the patients’ BNA scores returned to within a normal range between 23 and 30 days following concussion. In contrast, the recovery trajectory of patients’ symptoms varied, with one patient no longer reporting symptoms of concussion though the BNA score was still outside the normal range, while another patient continued to report symptoms of concussion after the BNA score returned to the normal range. Conclusions BNA analysis could provide a biomarker to augment current approaches to assessing and managing patients with concussion. Competing interests AR and HO are employed by ElMindA, the company that manufacturers the BNA technology. APK acts as a consultant for ElMindA, the National Basketball Association, National Hockey League Players’ Association, National Football League Players’ Association, and US Ski and Snowboard Association. JK, RJE, JG, and DJM None.
Skin rash in a patient with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody vasculitis
Authors: Hiroyuki Yamada, Munehiro Ito, Tatsuo Tsukamoto, Motoko Yanagita
Journal: Kidney International (2017)

An 86-year-old woman with a medical history of chronic kidney disease (stage 3B) and treated hypertension was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis associated with myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. She also had a history of spinal tuberculosis during her 50s, which remained in complete remission for decades. At this admission, her Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score was 14. Following induction therapy with prednisolone (20 mg) and high-dose i.v. Ig, the patient remained in complete remission with comparatively low doses of glucocorticoid (6–20 mg) for 2 years, and her myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody titer remained undetectable. When her prednisolone dose was reduced to 5 mg, she presented with periodic fever and polyarthralgia. Additionally, she experienced a skin rash on her right forearm and upper arm, which was accompanied by slight swelling, petechiae, and a subcutaneous nodule (Figure 1). Blood tests showed an elevation of myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (2.0 U/ml; normal, <3.0 U/ml) and C-reactive protein (5.4 mg/dl; normal, <0.30 mg/dl). Her serum creatinine was at a baseline level (0.90 mg/dl), and her urinalysis results were normal. We performed a skin biopsy that showed granulomatous inflammation in the subcutaneous nodules without any sign of perivascular inflammation (Figure 2). To distinguish exacerbation of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis from other granulomatous diseases such as sarcoidosis and tuberculosis, we performed a second skin biopsy that revealed a positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. After the initiation of antituberculosis drugs, the patient’s fever and skin rash improved, and she was discharged. This case illustrates the importance of a work-up of new symptoms to rule out infections in immunocompromised patients. In our case, a new skin rash could easily be considered as being part of a vasculitis flare, but 2 skin biopsies were needed to confirm a diagnosis of reactivation of M tuberculosis.
Germline mutations in cancer predisposition genes among patients with thyroid cancer.
Authors: Junne Kamihara, Holly LaDuca, Emily Dalton, Virginia Speare, Judy Ellen Garber, Mary Helen Black
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

1581 Background: Thyroid cancers are known component tumors of both well-described and emerging hereditary cancer syndromes. To assess the contribution of germline variants in thyroid cancer predisposition, we examined the prevalence of germline mutations among individuals with a history of thyroid cancer, compared to those with thyroid and breast cancer or breast cancer alone. Methods: Clinical histories and molecular results were reviewed for individuals with a history of thyroid and/or breast cancer, ascertained from a cohort of &gt; 140,000 patients who underwent hereditary cancer multigene panel testing at a single commercial laboratory. Clinical history information was obtained from test requisition forms completed by ordering clinicians and from pedigrees/clinic notes, if provided. Results: Among 2,678 thyroid cancer patients, the majority were Caucasian (66.9%), female (92.3%), and/or had an additional cancer primary (71.9%), with nearly half reporting an additional breast cancer primary (49.1%). Among those with available pathology information, 4.1% had medullary thyroid cancer. The median (IQR) age at diagnosis was 38 (26,48) years, and while 94.1% had a family history of cancer, 78.8% had at least one affected 1 st degree relative. Overall, 11.1% were identified as mutation carriers, defined as ≥1 pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant. Among those with thyroid cancer alone, 9.7% had a mutation, similar to those with breast cancer alone (9.7%) and those with breast and thyroid cancer only (10.5%). Genes most frequently mutated in the thyroid only group included CHEK2 (3.1%), MUTYH (monoallelic) (2.4%), APC (2.0%), ATM (1.6%), and PALB2 (1.2%). CHEK2 was the most frequently mutated gene observed in all groups, with a higher frequency seen among those with thyroid and breast cancer (5.5%) compared to breast cancer (2.5%) or thyroid cancer (3.1%) alone (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: A high rate of germline mutations is observed among individuals with thyroid cancer presenting for clinical genetic testing, even in the absence of other primary cancer diagnoses. Thyroid cancer may be an under-recognized component tumor of hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes suggesting the need for further investigation.
L'érythromycine intraveineuse améliore le lavage gastrique au cours de l'hémorragie digestive haute (hdh): essai prospectif, controlé, randomisé
Authors: N Carbonell, L Becquemont, PY Boelle, A Daguenel, V Godard, L Serfaty, N Best, R Poupon
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Rationnel Au cours de l'hémorragie digestive haute (HDH), la gastroscopie est rendue difficile par la présence de sang dans l'estomac. Le but de l'étude était de montrer si l'érythromycine, associée au lavage gastrique, pouvait améliorer la vacuité gastrique et ainsi améliorer la qualité de l'endoscopie.
Etude prospective evaluant l'utilisation d'un produit de contraste pour ultrasons(SONOVUE) en échoendoscopie pour la caractérisation des masses solides du pancréas. Resultats chez 57 Patients
Authors: M Giovannini, S Henrion, E Bories, G Monges, CH Pesenti, JR Delpero
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Les produits de contrastes pour ultrasons sont fréquemment utilisés en échographie percutanée pour le diagnostic des tumeurs hépatiques. Le but de cette étude a été d'utiliser l'héxafluorure de soufre ou Sonovue en échoendoscopie (EE) pancréatique pour différencier les adénocarcinomes (ADK) des autres tumeurs pancréatiques (endocrines, nodule de pancréatite chronique).
Median progression free survival (PFS) for patients treated with everolimus (EVE) + exemestane (EXE) for HR+ mBC in routine clinical practice: Results of the 3rd interim analysis of the non-interventional trial BRAWO.
Authors: Christian Jackisch, Peter A. Fasching, Eva-Maria Grischke, Florian Schuetz, Thomas Decker, Christoph Uleer, Christoph Salat, Frank Foerster, Marcus Schmidt, Christoph Mundhenke, Hans Tesch, Pauline Wimberger, Bahriye Aktas, Mark-Oliver Zahn, Oliver Tome, Wilhelm Bloch, Sven Hanson, Joerg Schubert, Diana Lueftner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e12547 Background: BRAWO is a non-interventional study, which enrolled more than 2400 patients (pts) with advanced/metastatic, hormone-receptor-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer treated with EVE and EXE. Main objectives are a) the impact of physical activity on efficacy and quality of life, b) prophylaxis and management of stomatitis in clinical routine, and c) the sequence of therapy when EVE is used in daily clinical practice. We report updated data of the 3 rd interim analysis, including PFS. Methods: This updated analysis (data cut-off 18 Oct 2016) covers data of the first 1345 documented pts with at least one follow up under therapy. Here we describe the baseline characteristics, safety and PFS as well as response rates. PFS was estimated using Kaplan-Meier estimator. Results: At the time point of this data cut-off 1289 pts (93.9%) had discontinued the documentation. The median time for pts since primary diagnosis was 7.1 yrs and 2.2 yrs, since first sign of relapse (local recurrence or metastases). At baseline, 54.1% presented with visceral metastases. 49.2% had an ECOG performance status of 0 and 74.8% of pts started with 10mg EVE, while 24.5% started with 5mg EVE. According to treatment lines we found 27% 1L (359 pts), 32% 2L (426 pts), 19% 3L (253 pts), 11% 4L (153 pts) and 11% 5L (154 pts) in our cohort Additional baseline and safety data will be presented. The Kaplan Meier estimate of the overall PFS is 6.9 months (95%CI 6.3-7.4). 2.2% (18 pts) of the pts experienced a complete and 17.8% (147 pts) a partial remission, while 57.4% (475 pts) remained stable as their best overall responses during the documentation period. 52.3% (718 pts) discontinued the treatment due to a progressive disease and 25.5% (350 pts) due to adverse events. 67.1% (902 pts) continued the antineoplastic treatment with a subsequent therapy. Conclusions: Here we report the PFS of pts treated with EVE + EXE in a real world scenario. The PFS of 6.9 months observed in our series matches somewhat perfect with the PFS of 7.8 months from the randomized Bolero-2 trial suggesting that these findings might be valid and useful for everyday routine. Clinical trial information: EUPAS9462.