tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Heart Failure: The Most Important, Preventable, and Treatable Cardiovascular Complication of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Milton Packer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2017)

Concerns about cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes have traditionally focused on atherosclerotic vasculo-occlusive events, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and limb ischemia. However, one of the earliest, most common, and most serious cardiovascular disorders in patients with diabetes is heart failure (1). Following its onset, patients experience a striking deterioration in their clinical course, which is marked by frequent hospitalizations and eventually death. Many sudden deaths in diabetes are related to underlying ventricular dysfunction rather than a new ischemic event. As effective treatments for heart failure have emerged, the risk of sudden death has declined, even in the absence of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (2).

Heart failure and diabetes are linked pathophysiologically. Type 2 diabetes and heart failure are each characterized by insulin resistance and are accompanied by the activation of neurohormonal systems (norepinephrine, angiotensin II, aldosterone, and neprilysin) (3). The two disorders overlap; diabetes is present in 35–45% of patients with chronic heart failure, whether they have a reduced or preserved ejection fraction. A similar prevalence of diabetes in acute heart failure is reported in this issue of Diabetes Care by van den Berge et al. (4). The interplay between diabetes and heart failure is particularly striking among those with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction, who typically have features of metabolic syndrome. As noted by Sandesara et al. (5) in this issue, the presence of diabetes markedly increases the risk of morbidity and mortality of patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction, particularly if the microvascular complications of diabetes are also present.

There exists a relationship between the severity of type 2 diabetes and the risk of heart failure, but this …
Abstract 17557: Dapt Score Does Not Predict Clinical Outcomes in Hemodialysis Patients on Prolonged Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Coronary Intervention
Authors: Kazuki Tanaka, Kentaro Jujo, Hisao Otsuki, Kensuke Shimazaki, Masashi Nakao, Hiroyuki Arashi, Junichi Yamaguchi, Nobuhisa Hagiwara
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction:  Recent studies have shown that DAPT score with cut-off value of 2-point had clinical benefits in predicting embolic and bleeding events after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However to date, there has been little report testing the efficacy of DAPT score on clinical outcomes of hemodialysis patients as a population at the highest risk.   Methods:  This study included 239 consecutive patients on regular hemodialysis who received thienopyridine and aspirin for at least 12 months after PCI. DAPT score in the study population was graded from -2 to 10 points at the time of PCI. During a median follow-up period of 730 days, the rate of cardiovascular (CV) death, major adverse cardiac events (MACE) including CV death, target vascular revascularization and non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), and major bleeding were compared between patients with high-DAPT score (score ≥2, n=146) and low-DAPT score (score    Results:  High-DAPT group included younger diabetic patients with impaired left ventricular ejection fraction, compared to low-DAPT group. However, patients who had history of MI or PCI, and patients presenting with MI were similarly prevalent (6.7% vs. 5.0%, p=0.90) in both groups. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that any adverse event rates had no significant difference between the groups (2-year CV death: 10.8% vs. 14.3%; MACE: 47.0% vs. 39.7%; Major bleeding: 8.0% vs. 9.0%, Figure). Even comparing such clinical endpoints after 1 year, significant difference was not observed between the groups. Furthermore, any other cut-off points from -1 to 7 also could not make significant difference in clinical event rates during the observational period between the groups.   Conclusions:  The DAPT score is hardly adapted to the hemodialysis patients in predicting clinical adverse events and also determining who should receive prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy beyond12 months after PCI.
Effects of prenatal dietary pattern and genetic variations on food allergy in infants
Authors: Yoon Hee Kim, Kyung Won Kim, So-Yeon Lee, Kyeong Ok Koo, Sung-Ok Kwon, Dong In Suh, Youn Ho Shin, Kangmo Ahn, Se-Young Oh, Soo Young Lee, Myung Hyun Sohn, Soo-Jong Hong
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Inflammatory Reprogramming with IDO1 Inhibitors: Turning Immunologically Unresponsive ‘Cold’ Tumors ‘Hot’
Authors: George C Prendergast, Arpita Mondal, Souvik Dey, Lisa D Laury-Kleintop, Alexander J Muller
Journal: Trends in cancer (2017)

We discuss how small-molecule inhibitors of the tryptophan (Trp) catabolic enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) represent a vanguard of new immunometabolic adjuvants to safely enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, radiotherapy, or 'immunogenic' chemotherapy by leveraging responses to tumor neoantigens. IDO inhibitors re-program inflammatory processes to help clear tumors by blunting tumor neovascularization and restoring immunosurveillance. Studies of regulatory and effector pathways illuminate IDO as an inflammatory modifier. Recent work suggests that coordinate targeting of the Trp catabolic enzymes tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) and IDO2 may also safely broaden efficacy. Understanding IDO inhibitors as adjuvants to turn immunologically 'cold' tumors 'hot' can seed new concepts in how to improve the efficacy of cancer therapy while limiting collateral damage.
Impact of FHIT loss on the translation of cancer-associated mRNAs
Authors: Daniel L. Kiss, William Baez, Kay Huebner, Ralf Bundschuh, Daniel R. Schoenberg
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2017)

FHIT is a genome caretaker/tumor suppressor that is silenced in >50% of cancers. Although it was identified more than 20 years ago, questions remain as to how FHIT loss contributes to cancer, and conversely, how FHIT acts to maintain genome integrity and suppress malignancy. Fhit belongs to the histidine triad family of enzymes that catalyze the degradation of nucleoside 5′,5′-triphosphates, including the m7GpppN 'caps' that are generated when mRNAs undergo 3′-5′ decay. This raised the possibility that Fhit loss might affect changes in the translation of cancer-associated mRNAs, possibly as a consequence of increased intracellular concentrations of these molecules. Ribosome profiling identified several hundred mRNAs for which coding region ribosome occupancy changed as a function of Fhit expression. While many of these changes could be explained by changes in mRNA steady-state, a subset of these showed changes in translation efficiency as a function of Fhit expression. The onset of malignancy has been linked to changes in 5'-UTR ribosome occupancy and this analysis also identified ribosome binding to 5′-untranslated regions (UTRs) of a number of cancer-associated mRNAs. 5'-UTR ribosome occupancy of these mRNAs differed between Fhit-negative and Fhit-positive cells, and in some cases these differences correlated with differences in coding region ribosome occupancy. In summary, these findings show Fhit expression impacts the translation of a number of cancer associated genes, and they support the hypothesis that Fhit's genome protective/tumor suppressor function is associated with post-transcriptional changes in expression of genes whose dysregulation contributes to malignancy.
Immune Signaling Networks: Sources of Robustness and Constrained Evolvability during Coevolution
Authors: Edward C Schrom, Joaquín M Prada, Andrea L Graham
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2017)

Defense against infection incurs costs as well as benefits that are expected to shape the evolution of optimal defense strategies. In particular, many theoretical studies have investigated contexts favoring constitutive versus inducible defenses. However, even when one immune strategy is theoretically optimal, it may be evolutionarily unachievable. This is because evolution proceeds via mutational changes to the protein interaction networks underlying immune responses, not by changes to an immune strategy directly. Here, we use a theoretical simulation model to examine how underlying network architectures constrain the evolution of immune strategies, and how these network architectures account for desirable immune properties such as inducibility and robustness. We focus on immune signaling because signaling molecules are common targets of parasitic interference but are rarely studied in this context. We find that in the presence of a coevolving parasite that disrupts immune signaling, hosts evolve constitutive defenses even when inducible defenses are theoretically optimal. This occurs for two reasons. First, there are relatively few network architectures that produce immunity that is both inducible and also robust against targeted disruption. Second, evolution toward these few robust inducible network architectures often requires intermediate steps that are vulnerable to targeted disruption. The few networks that are both robust and inducible consist of many parallel pathways of immune signaling with few connections among them. In the context of relevant empirical literature, we discuss whether this is indeed the most evolutionarily accessible robust inducible network architecture in nature, and when it can evolve.
La vigilancia es acción
Authors: J C Desenclos
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1999)

La vigilancia debe conducir a la accion: tal es su filosofia y su justificacion en la salud publica. Esta declaracion queda perfectamente ilustrada por la vigilancia de la legionelosis. La enfermedad se transmite por aerosoles contaminados a partir de un reservorio de germenes en el agua. Los entornos urbanos modernos favorecen la multiplicacion de germenes en muchos lugares en los que el agua caliente permanece estancada. La deteccion de fuentes de contaminacion responsables de brotes y epidemias ha permitido la identificacion de muchas de ellas y se han desarrollado medidas de control para los sistemas de agua caliente y de climatizacion. Sin embargo, esta infeccion sigue siendo la causa de brotes comunitarios graves, como se recoge en este numero de Eurosurveillance (1,2,3), lo que todavia indica la necesidad de realizar progresos.
The melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA) protein is an early indicator for therapeutic response in preclinical melanoma models
Authors: Nguyen Tan, Eleni Venetsanakos, Kimberly Aardalen, Darrin Stuart, Debbie Swinarski, Katherine Rendahl, Dirk Mendel, Bahija Jallal, Carla Heise, Michel Faure
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

5464   Melanoma inhibitory activity (MIA) is a 12-kDa protein secreted by melanoma tumor cells that is thought to play a role in detachment of cells from surrounding matrix. Studies have shown that increasing serum levels of MIA are associated with clinical disease progression, and MIA has been proposed as a potential prognostic marker for melanoma. In this report, we investigated the use of MIA as a possible biomarker for drug activity in preclinical melanoma models. MIA was secreted by melanoma cell lines and was detectable in the plasma of tumor bearing mice. MIA levels reflected tumor burden in several human melanoma xenograft models, including A375M, CHL-1 and two human tumor isolates (MEXF 276 and MEXF 1341). MIA levels were undetectable (≤ 3 ng/ml) in naive animals and ranged from 6 to 155 ng/ml in tumor-bearing mice. Treatment of mice with compounds, such as RAF265 (formerly known as CHIR-265), TKI258 (formerly known as CHIR-258) or sorafenib, that induced either tumor growth inhibition or regression of these xenografts was associated with a decrease in circulating MIA levels consistent with response. MIA levels dropped below the limit of detection following treatment with RAF265 that induced tumor regression. We also demonstrated that the decrease in MIA levels preceded tumor response, indicating that MIA is an early marker of drug activity in these preclinical models. We propose that MIA could be used in a similar manner in clinical trials and may be useful as an early indicator of drug activity, particularly in trials of targeted agents that are cytostatic rather than cytotoxic.
Prevalence and Disparities in Tobacco Product Use Among American Indians/Alaska Natives — United States, 2010–2015
Authors: Satomi Odani, Brian S. Armour, Corinne M. Graffunder, Bridgette E. Garrett, Israel T. Agaku
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

An overarching goal of Healthy People 2020 is to achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve health among all groups.*Although significant progress has been made in reducing overall commercial tobacco product use, † disparities persist, with American Indians or Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) having one of the highest prevalences of cigarette smoking among all racial/ethnic groups (1,2).Variations in cigarette smoking among AI/ANs have been documented by sex and geographic location (3), but not by other sociodemographic characteristics.Furthermore, few data exist on use of tobacco products other than cigarettes among AI/ANs (4).CDC analyzed self-reported current (past 30-day) use of five tobacco product types among AI/AN adults from the 2010-2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH); results were compared with six other racial/ethnic groups (Hispanic; non-Hispanic white [white]; non-Hispanic black [black]; non-Hispanic Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander [NHOPI]; non-Hispanic Asian [Asian]; and non-Hispanic multirace [multirace]).Prevalence of current tobacco product use was significantly higher among AI/ANs than among non-AI/ANs combined for any tobacco product, cigarettes, roll-your-own tobacco, pipes, and smokeless tobacco.Among AI/ANs, prevalence of current use of any tobacco product was higher among males, persons aged 18-25 years, those with less than a high school diploma, those with annual family income <$20,000, those who lived below the federal poverty level, and those who were never married.Addressing the social determinants of health and providing evidence-based, population-level, and culturally appropriate tobacco control interventions could help reduce tobacco product use and eliminate disparities in tobacco product use among AI/ANs (1).NSDUH is an annual, national survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population aged ≥12 years (4).The analyses in this report were restricted to persons aged ≥18 years.Because of the limited sample size of AI/ANs, data were pooled across six NSDUH waves (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015) to increase precision of estimates; pooled sample sizes were 3,655 for AI/AN adults and 235,262 for non-AI/AN adults.§ Annual response rates * https://www.healthypeople.gov/.† Commercial tobacco is defined as tobacco that is manufactured by the tobacco industry for recreational use.http://keepitsacred.itcmi.org/tobacco-andtradition/traditional-v-commercial/.§ The survey weights were recalibrated by dividing by 6 (number of years pooled) to ensure that estimates were nationally representative.
Immunotherapy of Myelodysplastic Syndrome: You Can Run, but You Can't Hide
Authors: Ephraim Joseph Fuchs
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2017)

The hypomethylating agent decitabine induces expression of the cancer/testis antigen NY-ESO-1 in the myeloid cells of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients with MDS treated with decitabine and an NY-ESO-1 vaccine developed NY-ESO-1-specific T-cell responses directed against their abnormal myeloid cells, raising hopes for combinatorial immunotherapy of this disease. Clin Cancer Res; 24(5); 991-3. ©2017 AACRSee related article by Griffiths et al., p. 1019.
Iron deficiency and red cell indices in patients with heart failure
Authors: Michał Tkaczyszyn, Josep Comín‐Colet, Adriaan A. Voors, Dirk J. van Veldhuisen, Cristina Enjuanes, Pedro Moliner‐Borja, Piotr Rozentryt, Lech Poloński, Waldemar Banasiak, Piotr Ponikowski, Peter van der Meer, Ewa A. Jankowska
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2017)
La surveillance et l’épidémiologie de la syphilis au Royaume-Uni
Authors: A A Righarts, I Simms, L Wallace, M Solomou, K. A. Fenton
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2004)

L’objectif de cet article est de decrire l’evolution de la syphilis infectieuse au Royaume-Uni (RU), et particulierement l’etude de l’epidemie de syphilis de Londres, la plus importante du RU a ce jour. 
La surveillance en routine des donnees provenant des cliniques de medecine genito-urinaire (genitourinary medicine, GUM) a ete analysee, ainsi que les donnees recueillies par les systemes de surveillance approfondis. Les diagnostics de syphilis infectieuse ont augmente considerablement entre 1998 et 2003, multiplies par un facteur 25 chez les hommes ayant des relations sexuelles avec d’autres hommes (HSH) (de 43 diagnostics a 1028), un facteur 6 (138 a 860) chez les hommes heterosexuels et une augmentation triplee chez les femmes (112 a 338). Cette tendance nationale a la hausse a ete introduite par une serie d’epidemies locales, la premiere ayant eu lieu en 1997. A ce jour, 1910 cas ont ete declares a Londres, dont les premiers cas ont ete identifies en 2001. De nombreuses co-infections par le VIH ont ete identifiees chez les HSH, qui etaient pour la plupart d’origine ethnique blanche et nes au RU. En revanche, les patients heterosexuels etaient plus souvent d’origine ethnique noire et nes en dehors du RU. La plupart des patients atteints de syphilis ont ete contamines a Londres. 
Les HSH portent le poids de la resurgence nationale de la syphilis infectieuse. Une augmentation notable des cas chez les hommes heterosexuels pose la question d’une inegalite entre le nombre de cas chez ces derniers et chez les femmes, qui necessite a present une investigation plus approfondie.
Abstract 15687: Reasons for Statin Discontinuation With and Without a Physician’s Advice: Data From the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study
Authors: Rikki M Tanner, Monika M Safford, Keri L Monda, Benjamin Taylor, Lisandro D Colantonio, Ricardo Dent, Michael E Farkouh, Paul Muntner, Robert S Rosenson
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: It is unknown how often adults discontinue statin therapy under the advice of their physician. The reasons for discontinuation may differ among those who stop therapy with versus with...
Network di sorveglianza fondamentale, un database europeo per la raccolta dei dati relativi alle patologie infettive
Authors: A Ternhag, A Tegnell, B Lesko, K Skaerlund, P Penttinen
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2004)

L'attivita della network, fondata dalla Commissione Europea, e stata avviata nel 2000 ed e preposta alla sorveglianza delle patologie infettive. Questo organismo raccoglie e pubblica i dati fondamentali di sorveglianza relativi alle patologie infettive presenti in tutti i 'vecchi' stati membri dell'Unione Europea (quelli che hanno aderito all'UE prima del 2004). Lo scopo di questo organismo e quello di fornire un accesso semplice ai dati descrittivi dei database nazionali, in modo che sia possibile monitorare e confrontare l'andamento delle patologie infettive negli stati membri dell'EU. L'elenco delle iniziali 10 patologie 'pilota' si e recentemente allargato e comprende attualmente oltre 40 patologie sorvegliate dall'UE. Nel prossimo futuro, i nuovi stati membri saranno invitati a partecipare all'attivita di questo organismo.
I dati raccolti si basano sui casi registrati e comprendono informazioni relative all'insorgenza della patologia, l'eta e il sesso. Si registra soltanto un breve elenco delle ulteriori variabili specifiche della patologia, quali il paese di diffusione dell'infezione o lo stato di immunizzazione. Viene specificata la classificazione dei casi (possibile, probabile, confermato) in base alle definizioni stilate dall'UE. 
I partecipanti alla rete di dati hanno accesso a una pagina Web dedicata in cui i dati sono presentati in forma tabulare o grafica. E disponibile anche una pagina Web pubblica all'indirizzo www.eubsn.org.
Subacute Cerebellar Infarction With Uptake on 68Ga–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT
Authors: Geon Oh, Kenneth Miles
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2017)

Abstract We report a case of subacute cerebellar infarction mimicking metastasis on prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT. A 77-year-old man with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation therapy and radiotherapy with rising prostate-specific antigen was referred for 68 Ga-PSMA PET/CT. Apart from PSMA-expressing tumor of the left prostate, PSMA PET/CT demonstrated radiotracer uptake in the right cerebellar hemisphere, corresponding to a site of subacute infarction demonstrated on an MRI of the brain performed 35 days previously. As cerebellar infarcts are considerably less common than cerebral infarcts, they may not be anticipated as a potential cause for false-positive radiotracer uptake on PSMA PET.
Функціональна диспепсія. Різні механізми, комплексне лікування
Authors: A.E. Dorofeyev, N.N. Rudenko, T.E. Kugler
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2017)

Функціональна диспепсія (ФД) є захворюванням з різними переважаючими патогенетичними механізмами. Поширеність ФД досить значно варіює — від 10 до 30 % населення залежно від країни й обстеженого контингенту. Виділяють дві форми ФД: постпрандіальний дистрес-синдром, що виявляється почуттям переповнення/раннього насичення після прийняття їжі, і синдром епігастрального болю — біль/печіння в епігастрії, які можуть посилюватися після їди. У значної частини пацієнтів з ФД зустрічаються прояви обох синдромів — так званий overlap, або змішаний варіант. В українській популяції всім хворим з диспепсією необхідно проводити діагностику і, при виявленні, обов’язкову ерадикацію H.pylori. У хворих із збереженою симптоматикою або спочатку не інфікованих бактерією, на нашу думку, як стартову терапію доцільно використовувати комбінацію «інгібітор протонної помпи + прокінетик». У нашій країні доступна фіксована комбінація омепразолу і домперидону в двох дозуваннях. Це Омез Д, що містить по 10 мг обох компонентів, і більш високодозований Омез ДСР, що містить 20 мг омепразолу і 30 мг домперидону у вигляді пелет сповільненого вивільнення.