tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Refractory bile leak with biliocutaneous fistula treated by endobiliary coil placement
Authors: Tejas Kirtane, Deepinder Goyal, Erik Rahimi, Atilla Ertan, John Bynon, Nirav Thosani
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

A 38-year-old woman with abdominal gunshot injury underwent hepatorrhaphy, gastrorrhaphy, splenectomy, and hemicolectomy for severe liver, gastric, splenic, and colonic injury. On postoperative day 10, Gastroenterology was consulted for evaluation of a bile leak, after bilious drainage was seen in the perihepatic intra-abdominal drain.
Randomized Phase II Trial Comparing Chemoradiotherapy with Chemotherapy for Completely Resected Unsuspected N2-Positive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Jong-Mu Sun, Jae Myung Noh, Dongryul Oh, Hong Kwan Kim, Se-Hoon Lee, Yong Soo Choi, Hongryull Pyo, Jin Seok Ahn, Sin-Ho Jung, Yong Chan Ahn, Jhingook Kim, Myung-Ju Ahn, Jae Ill Zo, Young Mog Shim, Keunchil Park
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Association Between Poor Cognitive Functioning and Risk of Incident Parkinsonism
Authors: Sirwan K. L. Darweesh, Frank J. Wolters, Ronald B. Postuma, Bruno H. Stricker, Albert Hofman, Peter J. Koudstaal, M. Kamran Ikram, M. Arfan Ikram
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2017)

Cognitive dysfunction is a common feature among patients with parkinsonism, including Parkinson disease (PD). However, there is a scarcity of data on cognitive functioning before parkinsonism diagnosis, a stage at which patients may still respond to putative disease-modifying interventions.To assess whether poor cognitive functioning is associated with an increased risk of parkinsonism.Between January 8, 2002, and December 14, 2008, baseline cognitive function was assessed in 7386 participants of the Rotterdam Study who were free of parkinsonism and dementia. Four tests were administered (Stroop color word test, letter-digit substitution, verbal fluency, and word learning) and a global cognition score was derived from principal component analysis. Subsequently, participants were followed up until January 1, 2015, for the onset of parkinsonism through serial in-person examinations and complete access to medical records. Parkinsonism was defined as the (1) presence of hypokinesia or bradykinesia plus at least 1 other cardinal sign and/or (2) clinical diagnosis by a neurologist or geriatrician. Patients with dementia diagnosis before parkinsonism diagnosis were considered to have probable PD.Hazard ratios (HRs) for incident parkinsonism per SD decrease in global cognition, adjusted for age, sex, and study subcohort.A total of 7386 patients were included in the analysis; of these, 4236 (57.4%) were women and mean (SD) age was 65.3 (10.2) years. During follow-up (median, 8.3 years; range, 0-15 years), 79 (1.1%) individuals received a diagnosis of incident parkinsonism; of these, 57 (72.2%) received a diagnosis of probable PD. Among patients with incident parkinsonism, 24 (30.4%) also developed dementia (10 before and 14 after parkinsonism onset). Poor global cognition at baseline was associated with a higher hazard of incident parkinsonism (hazard ratio [HR], 1.79; 95% CI, 1.37-2.33). The association remained robust beyond the first 8 years (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.01-2.59) and after removing individuals with dementia onset before parkinsonism (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.28-2.27). Poor global cognition at baseline was also associated with incident probable PD (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.11-2.08). Letter-digit substitution (HR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.22-2.04), verbal fluency (HR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.23-2.08), and inverted interference task Stroop color word test (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.25-1.96) scores were each associated with incident parkinsonism, whereas the association with word learning delayed-task scores was weaker (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.92-1.52).Poor cognitive functioning is associated with an increased risk of incident parkinsonism, including probable PD. Cognition indicates the probability of parkinsonism over long intervals and extends beyond patients with onset of parkinsonism after dementia. The findings suggest that cognitive dysfunction can be considered a sign of prodromal PD.
Using clinical data text-mining analysis to examine the association between androgen deprivation therapy and depression.
Authors: Kevin T Nead, Gregory L Gaskin, Cariad Chester, Nicholas J Leeper, Nigam H Shah
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e12595 Background: Androgen deprivation therapy, which is commonly utilized in the treatment of prostate cancer, results in both short- and long-term reductions in testosterone levels. Notably, low testosterone levels have been associated with depression in clinical studies. Here we examine the association of androgen deprivation therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer with the subsequent development of new-onset depression. Methods: We utilized electronic medical record data from 1.8 million subjects in the Stanford Translational Research Integrated Database Environment and 3.7 million patients from Mt. Sinai Hospital. By extracting ICD-9 diagnostic codes, patient prescription information and data from clinical notes using a previously validated text-analytics pipeline we identified a cohort of individuals with prostate cancer who had data on all defined covariates including Gleason score, age, race, smoking status, treatment with radiation or chemotherapy and medical comorbidities including cardiac disease, diabetes, stroke andperipheral arterial disease. Individuals with a history of depression prior to starting androgen deprivation therapy were excluded. We used multivariable logistic regression techniques to examine the association of androgen deprivation therapy use with subsequent new-onset depression. Results: We identified 7,536 individuals with prostate cancer who met all inclusion criteria, of which 931 individuals received androgen deprivation therapy. There were 681 new diagnoses of depression. The use of androgen deprivation therapy to treat prostate cancer was associated with a two-fold increased risk of depression in fully adjusted models (odds ratio = 1.99; 95% confidence interval 1.56-2.53; P < 0.001). Conclusions: Using data obtained from medical records acquired during routine care, we demonstrate a significantly increased risk of depression among individuals with prostate cancer treated using androgen deprivation therapy.
Evaluating the impact of bone-targeted agents in the era of novel androgen targeted therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Authors: Haoran Li, Dalia Kamel, Ricardo Fernandes, Dominick Bosse, Dong Vo, Osama Souied, Vikaash Kumar, Michael Ong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e16500 Background: Patients with metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) often develop bone metastases, resulting in a risk of symptomatic skeletal events (SSE). Bone-targeted agent (BTA) has been integrated into the overall treatment strategy, but its role in the era of novel androgen-targeted therapy (ATT) is still unclear. Methods: A retrospective analysis of real-world practice from 2010 to 2015 was conducted. Patients diagnosed with mCRPC and bone metastases who received systemic therapy (docetaxel/abiraterone/enzalutamide) with or without BTA (zoledronic acid/denosumab/alendronate) were included. Results: We obtained data from 299 patients with a median follow-up of 75.5 months. Compared with no BTA, concomitant BTA was associated with decreased incident of SSE (3.8% vs. 19.2%, p&lt; 0.001), especially in the need for bone radiation (1.9% vs. 15.8%, p&lt; 0.001). Compared to patients without SSE, patients with SSE were more likely to have previous fracture history (10.8% vs. 9.7%, p= 0.047), steroid use history (2.4% vs. 1.4%, p= 0.019), smoking history (53.0% vs. 38.9%, p= 0.009), diabetes (19.3% vs. 8.8%, p= 0.012) and reduced baseline mobility (9.6% vs. 4.2%, p= 0.002). Among those who received first-line novel ATT (n = 152), concurrent ATT+BTA significantly decreased the incident of SSE (2.8% vs. 27.3%, p= 0.004) and prolonged the time to SSE (24.3 vs. 3.2 mo, p&lt; 0.001), when compared to ATT alone. But there was no difference in overall survival between two groups (134.2 vs. 138.9 mo, p= 0.99). In patients who responded to systemic treatment with PSA declining, the SSE rate (2.4% vs. 14.3%, p= 0.037) was lower and the time to SSE was longer (49.6 vs. 32.3 mo, p= 0.026) than those who did not respond. Smoking history (adjusted HR = 1.46, p= 0.013) and PSA response (adjusted HR = 0.19, p&lt; 0.001) are independent risk factors for SSE. Conclusions: This real-world database suggests that concomitant BTA with novel ATT was associated with reducing SSEs. PSA decrease might be used as a predictive factor for those under BTA treatment. Further studies are warranted to validate the role of PSA response.
Abstract #1691: Nicks as poisons of topoisomerase II: coordinating the two protomer subunits of topoisomerase II\#945;
Authors: Joseph Deweese, Neil Osheroff
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

Topoisomerase II is a ubiquitous enzyme that plays essential roles in DNA metabolism. The enzyme relieves torsional stress in DNA during replication and transcription, untangles knots during recombination, and decatenates linked daughter chromosomes before mitosis. Topoisomerase II performs its functions by passing an intact DNA helix through a transient double-stranded break in a separate helix. Type II topoisomerases are targeted by a number of very successful and widely-used anticancer drugs. Many of these drugs act as \#8220;poisons\#8221; and increase levels of covalent enzyme-cleaved DNA intermediates. In addition to these compounds, DNA structures such as abasic sites and modified bases are site-specific topoisomerase II poisons that stimulate cleavage only when they are located between the two scissile bonds of a pre-existing site of enzyme action. While these DNA lesions enhance scission at the native site, they do not generate novel sites of cleavage. Our results demonstrate that nicks, like other DNA lesions, are topoisomerase II poisons. However, the actions of nicks are not constrained to pre-existing sites of topoisomerase II action. The mere presence of a nick in duplex DNA is sufficient to create a novel cleavage site for human topoisomerase II\#945; on the opposite strand. Furthermore, a nick at one scissile bond dramatically increases the rate of cleavage by human topoisomerase II\#945; at the scissile bond on the opposite strand. We propose that nicks trigger faster rates of scission by introducing flexibility in the DNA substrate that allows it to attain the acutely bent transition state that is required for efficient cleavage. This enhanced activity at the second strand coordinates the two protomer subunits of topoisomerase II during the DNA cleavage reaction and allows the enzyme to create double-stranded breaks in the genetic material. This finding may have implications for the actions of type II enzymes during apoptotic events. Moreover, it suggests a mechanism whereby topoisomerase II may impact the physiological effects of endogenous, environmental, or pharmaceutical compounds that damage the genetic material. This work is supported by NIH grants GM33944, GM53960, and T32 CA09592.

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 1691.
A Prospective Randomized Crossover Comparison Between Piperacillin/Tazobactam and Meropenem As Empirical Antibiotic Therapy for Febrile Neutropenia in Children with Hematological and Malignant Disorders
Authors: Hirozumi Sano, Ryoji Kobayashi, Daisuke Suzuki, Daiki Hori, Kunihiko Kobayashi
Journal: Blood (2016)
Pelvic irradiation versus pelvic irradiation with concurrent chemotherapy followed by extrafascial hysterectomy in the treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer in Honduras.
Authors: Hoover Rodyl Henriquez Cooper, Linus T. Chuang, Joel Cardenas, Pedro Guillermo Zelayas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e15556 Background: Because of the lack of brachytherapy in Honduras, patients with locally advanced cervical cancer underwent extrafascial hysterectomy after upfront pelvic irradiation or pelvic irradiation with concurrent chemotherapy. Methods: We compared the effect of pelvic radiotherapy with that of pelvic radiation and concurrent chemotherapy with cisplatin in women with advanced cervical cancer. Between 2008 and 2011, 165 women with advanced cervical cancer confined to the pelvis (stages IB2 through IIIB) received either 70 Gy of radiation to the pelvis alone or with concurrent weekly cisplatin. Patients underwent subsequently extrafascial hysterectomy six weeks after completion of radiation therapy. Results: Of the 165 eligible patients, 90 (54.5%) patients received only pelvic radiation therapy, and 75 (45.5%) patients received pelvic radiation and chemotherapy. Squamous cell carcinoma was identified in 135 (82%) cases and adenocarcinoma in 30 (18%) cases. On the final hysterectomy specimen, 69 (77.8%) patients who received pelvic radiation had a complete clinical response with no residual diseases; there were 40 (53.3%) patients who received pelvic radiation and chemotherapy achieved a complete response (p&lt;0.001). In the group of patients that were treated with pelvic radiation and chemotherapy, only 25 out of 75 (33.3%) patients received the required cisplatin on schedule. The complete clinical response rate of the 25 patients who received the complete course of pelvic radiation and chemotherapy was 80%. Conclusions: Treatment of locally advanced cervical cancer in low-resource settings is met with challenges including the lack of brachytherapy, and unpredictable availability of chemotherapy. Only 33% of patients that were treated with the intention of concurrent chemo-radiation were able to receive cisplatin on schedule. This resulted in a significantly lower response in the patients who were treated with pelvic radiation and chemotherapy. In settings where the availability of chemotherapy is not always available, primary pelvic radiation for advanced cervical cancer resulted in a better treatment response.
High circulating angiopoietin-2 levels exacerbate pulmonary inflammation but not vascular leak or mortality in endotoxin-induced lung injury in mice
Authors: Kenny Schlosser, Mohamad Taha, Yupu Deng, Lauralyn A McIntyre, Shirley H J Mei, Duncan J Stewart
Journal: Thorax (2017)

Background Elevated plasma levels of angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2) have been reported in patients with acute lung injury (ALI); however, it remains unclear whether this increase contributes to, or just marks, the underlying vasculopathic inflammation and leak associated with ALI. Here we investigated the biological consequences of inducing high circulating levels of ANGPT2 in a mouse model of endotoxin-induced ALI. Methods Transgenic mice (ANGPT2 OVR ) with elevated circulating levels of ANGPT2, achieved through conditional hepatocyte-specific overexpression, were examined from 3 to 72 hours following lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. An aptamer-based inhibitor was used to neutralise the effects of circulating ANGPT2 in LPS-exposed ANGPT2 OVR mice. Results Total cells, neutrophils and macrophages, as well as inflammatory cytokines, were significantly higher in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of ANGPT2 OVR versus littermate control tTA mice at 48 hours and 6 hours post-LPS, respectively. In contrast, LPS-induced vascular leak, evidenced by total BAL protein levels and lung wet/dry ratio, was unchanged between ANGPT2 OVR and controls tTA , while BAL levels of IgM and albumin were decreased in ANGPT2 OVR mice between 24 hours and 48 hours suggesting a partial attenuation of vascular leak. There was no significant difference in LPS-induced mortality between ANGPT2 OVR and controls tTA . An ANGPT2-neutralising aptamer partially attenuated alveolar cell infiltration while exacerbating vascular leak in LPS-exposed ANGPT2 OVR mice, supported by underlying time-dependent changes in the lung transcriptional profiles of multiple genes linked to neutrophil recruitment/adhesion and endothelial integrity. Conclusions Our findings suggest that high circulating ANGPT2 potentiates endotoxin-induced lung inflammation but may also exert other pleiotropic effects to help fine-tune the vascular response to lung injury.
A Semi-Prospective Trial to Determine the Outcome of Borderline Ovarian Tumor Patients. Results of Robot, a Study of the Ago Study Group
Authors: H. Lueck, N. Ewald-Riegler, N. De Gregorio, A. Reuss, S. Mahner, C. Fotopoulou, F. Kommoss, B. Schmalfeldt, S. Hauptmann, A. Du Bois
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Prevention of Stroke with the Addition of Ezetimibe to Statin Therapy in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome in IMPROVE-IT (Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial)
Authors: Erin A. Bohula, Stephen D. Wiviott, Robert P. Giugliano, Michael A. Blazing, Jeong-Gun Park, Sabina A. Murphy, Jennifer A. White, Francois Mach, Frans Van de Werf, Anthony J. Dalby, Harvey D. White, Andrew M. Tershakovec, Christopher P. Cannon, Eugene Braunwald
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Patients who experience an acute coronary syndrome are at heightened risk of recurrent ischemic events, including stroke. Ezetimibe improved cardiovascular outcomes when added to statin therapy in patients stabilized after acute coronary syndrome. We investigated the efficacy of the addition of ezetimibe to simvastatin for the prevention of stroke and other adverse cardiovascular events in IMPROVE-IT (Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial), with a focus on patients with a stroke before randomization. Methods: Patients who experienced acute coronary syndrome were randomized to a placebo/simvastatin or ezetimibe/simvastatin regimen and followed for a median of 6 years. Treatment efficacy was assessed for the entire population and by subgroups for the first and total (first and subsequent) events for the end points of stroke of any etiology, stroke subtypes, and the primary trial end point at 7 years. Results: Of 18 144 patients, 641 (3.5%) experienced at least 1 stroke; most were ischemic (527, 82%). Independent predictors of stroke included prior stroke, older age, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, and renal dysfunction. There was a nonsignificant reduction in the first event of stroke of any etiology (4.2% versus 4.8%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73–1.00; P =0.052) with ezetimibe/simvastatin versus placebo/simvastatin, driven by a significant 21% reduction in ischemic stroke (3.4% versus 4.1%; HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.67–0.94; P =0.008) and a nonsignificant increase in hemorrhagic stroke (0.8% versus 0.6%; HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 0.93–2.04; P =0.11). Evaluating total events, including the first and all recurrent strokes, ezetimibe/simvastatin reduced stroke of any etiology (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70–0.98; P =0.029) and ischemic stroke (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63–0.91; P =0.003). Patients who had experienced a stroke prior to randomization were at a higher risk of recurrence and demonstrated an absolute risk reduction of 8.6% for stroke of any etiology (10.2% versus 18.8%; number needed to treat=12; HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38–0.95; P =0.030) and 7.6% for ischemic stroke (8.7% versus 16.3%; number needed to treat=13; HR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.31–0.86; P =0.011) with ezetimibe added to simvastatin therapy. Conclusions: The addition of ezetimibe to simvastatin in patients stabilized after acute coronary syndrome reduces the frequency of ischemic stroke, with a particularly large effect seen in patients with a prior stroke. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00202878.
The Floor Is Not Stable
Authors: Marjorie S. Rosenthal
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Lifelong Residential Exposure to Green Space and Attention: A Population-based Prospective Study
Authors: Payam Dadvand, Christina Tischer, Marisa Estarlich, Sabrina Llop, Albert Dalmau-Bueno, Monica López-Vicente, Antònia Valentín, Carmen de Keijzer, Ana Fernández-Somoano, Nerea Lertxundi, Cristina Rodriguez-Dehli, Mireia Gascon, Monica Guxens, Daniela Zugna, Xavier Basagaña, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, Jesus Ibarluzea, Ferran Ballester, Jordi Sunyer
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2017)

Background: Natural environments, including green spaces, may have beneficial impacts on brain development. However, longitudinal evidence of an association between long-term exposure to green spaces and cognitive development (including attention) in children is limited. Objectives: We evaluated the association between lifelong residential exposure to green space and attention during preschool and early primary school years. Methods: This longitudinal study was based on data from two well-established population-based birth cohorts in Spain. We assessed lifelong exposure to residential surrounding greenness and tree cover as the average of satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index and vegetation continuous fields, respectively, surrounding the child’s residential addresses at birth, 4–5 y, and 7 y. Attention was characterized using two computer-based tests: Conners’ Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT) at 4–5 y (n=888) and Attentional Network Task (ANT) at 7 y (n=987). We used adjusted mixed effects models with cohort random effects to estimate associations between exposure to greenness and attention at ages 4–5 and 7 y. Results: Higher lifelong residential surrounding greenness was associated with fewer K-CPT omission errors and lower K-CPT hit reaction time-standard error (HRT-SE) at 4–5 y and lower ANT HRT-SE at 7 y, consistent with better attention. This exposure was not associated with K-CPT commission errors or with ANT omission or commission errors. Associations with residential surrounding tree cover also were close to the null, or were negative (for ANT HRT-SE) but not statistically significant. Conclusion: Exposure to residential surrounding greenness was associated with better scores on tests of attention at 4–5 y and 7 y of age in our longitudinal cohort. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP694