tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Aumento de la incidencia del VIH en hombres homosexuales en Alemania : factores que influyen en la dinámica de la infección
Authors: U Marcus, L Voss, C Kollan, O Hamouda
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2006)

Tras un pico inicial a mediados de los anos 80, la incidencia del VIH en hombres homosexuales disminuyo en la mayoria de los paises industrializados occidentales, y luego se estabilizo en los anos 90. Desde finales de los anos 90, en la mayoria de los paises con comunidades homosexuales importantes y visibles, se observo en estos colectivos un numero creciente de infecciones por VIH de diagnostico reciente. 
Basandose en una revision de los estudios de vigilancia nacionales e internacionales sobre comportamiento en homosexuales, y en los datos nacionales de vigilancia del VIH, se propone en este articulo un modelo para el brote de VIH en los homosexuales masculinos en Alemania. 
Dicho modelo incluye elementos como el numero creciente de parejas sexuales y el aumento de la frecuencia de las relaciones anales no protegidas, la utilizacion condicional del preservativo en funcion del estatus VIH (verdadero o percibido) de las parejas (« serosorting ») ; la distribucion de los papeles sexuales (activo o pasivo segun el estatus VIH) (« seropositioning »), la seleccion de las parejas y la formacion de redes sexuales por medio de la busqueda de parejas sexuales en Internet ; la introduccion de las nuevas terapias antiretrovirales (Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapies, HAART) y las estrategias de cambio de tales terapias. Se ha demostrado, o se sospecha, que todos estos elementos pueden aumentar o disminuir el riesgo de transmision del VIH en los hombres homosexuales.
Nuestra conclusion es que el reciente aumento de la incidencia del VIH en este colectivo parece haber sido activada por una diseminacion del VIH en las redes sexuales de alto riesgo, con una proporcion creciente de infecciones transmitidas durante el periodo altamente infectivo de inicio de la infeccion por VIH, adquirida en la mayoria de los casos por parejas sexuales ocasionales.
PATH-46. AUTOMATED HISTOPATHOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION OF BRAIN TUMORS USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Quin Xie, Dominick Han, Kevin Faust, Kenneth Aldape, Gelareh Zadeh, Zoya Volynskaya, Ugljesa Djuric, Phedias Diamandis
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Brain tumors represent a diverse group of neoplasms with highly variable therapies and clinical outcomes. Early personalized clinical management and initiation of precision-based molecular studies still heavily relies on morphologic interpretation of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides. Unfortunately, due to its qualitative nature, histopathological classification is prone to well-recognized inter-observer variability. To overcome this limitation, we developed an objective morphology-based brain tumor classifier using a deep convolutional neural network (CNN). Our CNN is trained on a dataset of over one million pathologist- and molecularly-annotated image patches from H&E slides spanning over 20 common brain tumor classes. Importantly, our tool is fully automated, compatible with standard pathology workflows and provides prompt whole-slide annotation and lesion classification in under 5 minutes. The performance of our CNN-based tumor classifier is highly concordant with board-certified pathologists and confirmatory immunohistochemical stains. Testing reveals an area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUC) of >0.95 for multiple classification tasks, including lesion localizing and differentiating among different brain tumor classes. In certain scenarios, it also offers objective predictions of actionable molecular alterations (IDH mutations and 1p19q co-deletions). Lastly, we use cloud-computing to provide our classifier as a web-based tool capable of rendering timely second opinions and quality assurance to remote cancer centers requiring additional subspecialized neuropathological expertise. This study demonstrates the efficacy of utilizing artificial intelligence to create an autonomous histologic brain tumor classifier. Acutely, our compact tool aims to provide prompt, intra-operative information to help tailor surgical resections and personalized therapies. In the sub-acute setting, our CNN can provide objective triaging of molecular tests to help reduce diagnostic work-up times, costs and subjective interpretative errors. Our classifier thus has immediate translational potential as a rapid, precise and cost-effective tool to help guide personalized care in neuro-oncology.
Association of Overlapping Surgery With Patient Outcomes in a Large Series of Neurosurgical Cases
Authors: Brian M. Howard, Christopher M. Holland, C. Christina Mehta, Ganzhong Tian, David P. Bray, Jason J. Lamanna, James G. Malcolm, Daniel L. Barrow, Jonathan A. Grossberg
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2017)

Overlapping surgery (OS) is common. However, there is a dearth of evidence to support or refute the safety of this practice.To determine whether OS is associated with worsened morbidity and mortality in a large series of neurosurgical cases.A retrospective cohort study was completed for patients who underwent neurosurgical procedures at Emory University Hospital, a large academic referral hospital, between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2015. Patients were operated on for pathologies across the spectrum of neurosurgical disorders. Propensity score weighting and logistic regression models were executed to compare outcomes for patients who received nonoverlapping surgery and OS. Investigators were blinded to study cohorts during data collection and analysis.The primary outcome measures were 90-day postoperative mortality, morbidity, and functional status.In this cohort of 2275 patients who underwent neurosurgery, 1259 (55.3%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 52.1 (16.4) years. A total of 972 surgeries (42.7%) were nonoverlapping while 1303 (57.3%) were overlapping. The distribution of American Society of Anesthesiologists score was similar between nonoverlapping surgery and OS cohorts. Median surgical times were significantly longer for patients in the OS cohort vs the nonoverlapping surgery cohort (in-room time, 219 vs 188 minutes; skin-to-skin time, 141 vs 113 minutes; both P < .001). Overlapping surgery was more frequently elective (93% vs 87%; P < .001). Regression analysis failed to demonstrate an association between OS and complications, such as mortality, morbidity, or worsened functional status. Measures of baseline severity of illness, such as admission to the intensive care unit and increased length of stay, were associated with mortality (intensive care unit: odds ratio [OR], 25.5; 95% CI, 6.22-104.67; length of stay: OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00-1.05), morbidity (intensive care unit: OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.43-2.40; length of stay: OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04-1.08), and unfavorable functional status (length of stay: OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02-1.05).These data suggest that OS can be safely performed if appropriate precautions and patient selection are followed. Data such as these will help determine health care policy to maximize patient safety.
P1.01-031 Utilization and Timing of Foundation Medicine (FMI) Testing in U.S. Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (aNSCLC) Patients
Authors: L. Wang, D. Page, A. Shewade, P. Lambert, B. Arnieri, W. Capra, M. Khorshid, T. Mughal, L. Gay, S. Foser
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
P2.03-023 Characteristics of NSCLC Patients Treated in First Line Treatment with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) - Real Data from the Czech Republic
Authors: J. Skrickova, R. Chloupkova, Z. Bortlicek, M. Pesek, V. Kolek, K. Hejduk, L. Koubkova, M. Cernovska, J. Krejci, M. Zemanová, L. Havel, J. Roubec, M. Hrnciarik, F. Salajka, H. Coupkova, M. Satankova, A. Benejova, I. Grygarkova, P. Opalka, D. Sixtova
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Sistema di Sorveglianza Europeo sulla Resistenza Antimicrobica: obiettivi ed organizzazione
Authors: S L A M Bronzwaer, W Goettsch, B Olsson-Liljequist, M C J Wale, A Vatopoulos, M. J.W Sprenger
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1999)

''Una sorveglianza europea efficace richiede l'accordo e il coinvolgimento attivo di tutti i partecipanti'', e la conclusione di una conferenza dell'Unione Europea (UE), tenutasi nel Settembre 1998 in Danimarca, sulla necessita di sistemi di sorveglianza dei microorganismi resistenti (la minaccia microbica). Il quadro epidemiologico dell'antibioticoresistenza varia ampiamente tra i stati membri dell'UE (2,3). I risultati degli studi condotti suggeriscono che le politiche e le linee guida sull'utilizzo degli antibiotici possono influenzare le stme di prevalenza della resistenza (4,5).
Impact of phospho-Akt expression on the clinical outcome and activity of gemcitabine and Akt inhibitors in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: D. Massihnia, N. Funel, L. Leon, M. Castiglia, A. Perez, N. Barraco, A. Listì, A. Galvano, F. Passiglia, A. Guarini, V. Calò, S. Rizzo, L. Castellana, E. Giovannetti, A. Russo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
EXTH-41. RADIOSENSITIZATION BY RARE EARTH OXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN GLIOBLASTOMA: AN IN VITRO PROOF OF CONCEPT
Authors: Victor Lu, Kerrie McDonald, Helen Townley
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Nanoparticles are an exciting area of therapeutic research. They can penetrate the blood brain barrier and infiltrate glioblastoma disease. The chemical structures of naturally-occurring rare earth elements as oxides have the potential to facilitate radiation amplification, and present an intriguing, nascent niche of nanoparticle innovation to improve glioblastoma outcome. The aim of this study was to establish in vitro evidence that rare earth oxide nanoparticles can augment radiation therapy to glioblastoma. Established glioblastoma cell lines U87MG and Mo59K were exposed to nanoparticle formulations of CeO2, CeO2-Gd-doped, Gd2O3, La2O3, Nd2O3 & Nd2O3-silica-coated at 0, 10, 20, 30 & 40 uM concentrations. They were then radiated at either 0 Gy (control) or 3 Gy (experimental) X-ray. For evidence of radiosensitization, hemocytometric count assessed cell viability and clonogenic assay assessed proliferation ability. For mechanistic indications, fluorescence assays assessed radical oxygen species production, intracellular calcium and double stranded DNA breaks. All experiments were repeated three times in triplicate. Pronounced decreases in both cell viability and proliferation ability between the control and experimental groups were observed with CeO2-Gd-doped, Gd2O3, Nd2O3 & Nd2O3-silica-coated nanoparticle formulations across the two cell lines in proportion to nanoparticle concentration. In the experimental groups with evidence of a radiosensitization effect, there was greater radical oxygen species production, greater intracellular calcium flux and greater double stranded DNA breaks than in the respective control groups. Nanoparticle formulations of rare earth oxides have demonstrable proportional radiosensitization effect in glioblastoma cells. They most likely act via augmentation of radiation-induced cytotoxic effects. Future studies will optimize nanoparticle design, expand the rare earth element repertoire, and explore the in vivo application of this potential therapy which holds great translational promise.
P3.02b-122 Characterization of Afatinib Resistant Lung Cancer Cells (PC9/Afa) and Reversal of Resistance by T790M Specific Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Anya Maan-Yuh Lin, Ming-Hung Huang, Hui-Ju Huang, Bao-Shuo Huang, Jih-Hsiang Lee, James Chih-Hsin Yang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
P1.06-024 Outcome of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated in the Private Health Care in Brazil
Authors: C. Baldotto, M. Batista, F. Lemos, M. Padoan, N. Carvalho, P. Andrade, M. Zukin, N. Teich, L.H. Araujo
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
PATH-42. DETECTION OF TERT MUTATIONS IN CELL-FREE CIRCULATING TUMOR DNA (ctDNA) OF GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS USING DROPLET DIGITAL PCR
Authors: Christine Cordova, Broderick Corless, Mahrukh Syeda, Amie Patel, Malcolm Delara, Sylvia Eisele, Jessica Schafrick, Dimitris Placantonakis, Donato Pacione, Joshua Silverman, Girish Fatterpekar, Timothy Shepherd, Rajan Jain, Matija Snuderl, David Zagzag, John Golfinos, Jafar J Jafar, Yongzhao Shao, George Karlin-Neumann, David Polsky, Andrew S Chi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

There is a critical need for more specific and less invasive diagnostic and pharmacodynamic biomarkers in patients with glioblastoma (GBM). Either of two hotspot mutations in the TERT promoter (C228T and C250T) are present in approximately 90% of IDH wildtype GBM and are founder clonal driver mutations, making these alterations a defining characteristic of primary GBM. We aimed to determine whether cell-free TERT promoter mutations could be detected in the blood of GBM patients using a newly developed, highly sensitive droplet digital (ddPCR) method. A pilot study is enrolling 40 patients with confirmed or suspected glioma at any timepoint during disease to assess feasibility. If circulating TERT promoter mutations are detectable, a longitudinal blood collection study will initiate. From each patient, 20 mL of whole blood and 5 unstained FFPE slides from archival tumor were collected. Plasma cell-free DNA was prepared from whole blood, and tested by ddPCR using two independent mutation-specific/wildtype duplex assays. 35 patients have been enrolled, 30 IDH wild-type, 2 IDH mutant + 1p/19q codeleted (codel), and 3 IDH + ATRX mutated (negative controls). 23 tumors have been typed by ddPCR, 19 IDH wildtype, 1 IDH mutant + codel, and 3 IDH + ATRX mutant. 19 tumors are TERT mutant (18 C228T and 1 C250T): 18/19 (95%) IDH wildtype GBMs, 1/1 IDH + codel tumor, and 0/3 IDH + ATRX tumors. In plasma, 5/13 TERT mutant and 0/5 TERT wildtype patients had detectable TERT (threshold of 2 copies/mL plasma). All plasma positive patients had large enhancing or progressing tumor at the time of blood collection. 95% of IDH wildtype GBMs tested have hotspot TERT mutations, indicating TERT mutations are ideal for diagnostic/pharmacodynamic biomarker development. ddPCR analysis is ongoing although preliminary data indicates mutant TERT ctDNA is detectable in GBM patients.
Characteristics and Progression of Preclinical Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Iago Rodríguez-Lago, Olga Merino, Irene Azagra, Ainara Maiz, Eva Zapata, Rebeca Higuera, Isabel Montalvo, María Fernández-Calderón, Paz Arreba, Juan Carrascosa, Ainara Iriarte, Isabel Portillo, Urko Aguirre, Manuel Barreiro-de Acosta, Miguel Muñoz-Navas, José Luis Cabriada
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2017)
El sarampión en Francia: impacto epidemiológico de una cobertura vacunal subóptima
Authors: I Bonmarin, D Lévy-Bruhl
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2002)

La promocion que, desde 1983, se viene haciendo en Francia de la inmunizacion ha dado lugar a una reduccion del 97% en la morbilidad del sarampion y del 60% en su mortalidad. Sin embargo, la cobertura estable, proxima al 84%, por debajo de los niveles optimos, produce un desplazamiento de la enfermedad a grupos de mayor edad, en los que las complicaciones son mas frecuentes y graves. La proporcion de casos en ninos mayores de 10 anos fue del 13% en 1985 y alcanzo el 48% en 1997, manteniendose la transmision del sarampion en Francia. Para eliminar la enfermedad, seria necesaria una cobertura vacunal superior al 95% con 2 dosis.
P1.07-019 Immune Cell Infiltrates in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Interleukin-22 Expression
Authors: J. Stump, S. Reu, C. Ballesteros-Merino, C. Karches, J. Gosálvez, A. Tufman, S. Kobold, J. Neumann, Z. Feng, R. Hatz, R. Sanborn, J. Handy, B. Fox, C. Bifulco, R. Huber, H. Winter
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
PDTM-26. TUMOR TREATING FIELDS (TTFIELDS) HAVE ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE EFFECTS ON PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR CELL LINES AT CLINICALLY DELIVERABLE FIELD SETTINGS
Authors: Joshua Branter, Maria Estevez-Cebrero, Richard Grundy, Surajit Basu, Stuart Smith
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Overall survival remains poor for some childhood brain tumors, particularly high-grade gliomas and recurrent ependymoma. Pre-clinical studies have shown efficacy of electrical tumor treating fields (TTFields) on high-grade glioma cell lines. TTFields have been approved for adult glioblastoma (GBM) patients in combination with chemo-radiotherapy. The lack of overlapping toxicities associated with Optune has made TTFields an attractive treatment strategy for poor prognosis brain tumors. The inovitro system is the laboratory testing system used to develop the clinically approved Optune system. Inovitro was used to deliver TTFields over 72 hours at a range of clinically relevant frequencies (100-400kHz) and intensities (1-3V/cm) to a panel of pediatric GBM, medulloblastoma and ependymoma cell lines. The effects of TTFields on cell viability and cell cycle was assessed using metabolic viability tests (Presto blue), cell proliferation assays and cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry. TTFields treatment reduces cell viability of all pediatric brain tumor cell lines tested within the frequency titration. The optimum frequencies were between 200 and 300kHz for all cell lines tested. TTFields treatment had significant effects on cell cycling relative to control cells, increasing cell cycle arrest during mitosis (M phase). Overall tumor cell numbers in culture were reduced in a frequency dependent manner. This study has confirmed the efficacy of electric field therapy on pediatric brain tumor cell lines, demonstrating similar results to the studies that preceded the successful trials in adult GBM. However, the optimum frequencies for the pediatric GBM cell lines did not uniformly fall at around 200kHz as previously reported for adult glioma cell lines. This report warrants further study into the potential for TTFields therapy for pediatric patients and will influence design of the early phase clinical trials of TTFields in pediatric brain tumor patients that are now beginning to recruit.
PDTM-39. GD2-DIRECTED CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR T CELLS AS A POTENT IMMUNOTHERAPY REGIMEN IN XENOGRAFT MODELS OF DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMA
Authors: Christopher Mount, Robbie Majzner, Shree Sundaresh, Evan Arnold, Meena Kadapakkam, Michelle Monje-Deisseroth, Crystal Mackall
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a universally fatal pediatric brainstem tumor with a median survival of approximately 10 months. Despite advances in understanding the molecular origins of DIPG, translations to improvement in clinical outcomes have yet to materialize. To date, there has been little target exploration for immunotherapy applications in DIPG. Here we report substantial preclinical efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-bearing T cells targeting the disialoganglioside GD2 as an immunotherapy regimen in patient-derived orthotopic xenograft models of Histone 3 K27M (H3K27M) mutated DIPG. GD2 is highly and uniformly expressed in patient-derived H3K27M DIPG cultures, and in vitro assays demonstrate substantial target-dependent cytokine generation and target cell killing. H3 WT pediatric high-grade gliomas (HGGs), including one case diagnosed as DIPG, do not express significant levels of GD2, and the H3K27M mutation is associated with increased synthesis of ganglioside pathway synthesis enzymes, suggesting expression of the GD2 antigen is driven by H3K27M-induced transcriptional dysregulation. Single-dose systemic administration of GD2-directed CAR T cells in multiple orthotopic xenograft models of DIPG achieves potent and lasting antitumor efficacy within a 4 week period of administration compared to a CD19-directed CAR control cohort. Universal response was observed across multiple cohorts, and treatment-associated toxicity was transient and tolerated during the period of peak anti-tumor activity. If these results are predictive of human response, GD2-directed CAR T cell therapy could have a transformative impact upon DIPG outcomes.
SurvNet@RKI – un sistema de notificación electrónica de las enfermedades infecciosas
Authors: D Faensen, H Claus, J Benzler, A Ammon, T Pfoch, T Breuer, G Krause
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2006)

En 2001 se introdujo en Alemania un nuevo sistema de notificacion electronico de las enfermedades infecciosas de declaracion obligatoria (SurvNet@RKI). Este sistema se utiliza actualmente por los 431 centros de salud locales (LHD, local health departments), los 16 centros federales (SHD, state health departments) y por el Instituto Robert Koch (RKI), la agencia nacional de epidemiologia de las enfermedades infecciosas. El software SurvNet@RKI esta escrito en MS Access 97 y Visual Basic. La base de datos fue disenada como una base de datos distribuida y dinamica incluyendo las 73 enfermedades de declaracion obligatoria con mas de 600 campos y unos 7.000 valores predefinidos. Un sistema integrado de gestion de documentos permite suprimir, recuperar, completar y corregir los datos sobre los casos en cada momento y en cada nivel de entrada, y reproducir consultas ya realizadas. El programa tambien incluye algoritmos integrados y funciones de ayuda para la calidad de los datos y la aplicacion de las definiciones de caso. El RKI proporciona ese sistema a todos los LHD y SHD gratuitamente. El instituto Robert Koch recibe una media de 300.000 notificaciones de casos y 6.240 notificaciones de brotes por ano a traves de este sistema. En sus primeros cinco anos de funcionamiento en todos los LHD y SHD de Alemania, SurvNet@RKI, se ha mostrado como un sistema adecuado en el contexto complejo de la estructura federal, siendo especialmente interesante para redes de vigilancia multinacionales. El sistema actualmente esta en fase de migracion a Microsoft C#/.NET y a formatos de transporte en XML. Basandonos en nuestra experiencia, proporcionamos recomendaciones para el diseno e instauracion de sistemas de vigilancia electronicos nacionales u internacionales.
NIMG-35. DEEP CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS PROVIDE RAPID DIAGNOSIS OF FRESH BRAIN TUMOR SPECIMENS IMAGED WITH STIMULATED RAMAN HISTOLOGY
Authors: Todd C Hollon, Balaji Pandian, Yashar Niknafs, Spencer Lewis, Sandra Camelo-Piragua, Daniel A Orringer
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Intraoperative diagnosis is essential in the surgical management of brain tumors. Conventional intraoperative histology is time- and labor-intensive, depletes scant specimens and is prone to artifact. Stimulated Raman histology (SRH) uses the intrinsic biochemical properties of fresh, unprocessed surgical specimens to provide label-free digital histologic images. We have previously shown that SRH is an ideal imaging modality to implement machine-learning strategies for tissue diagnosis due to the robust histochemical information encoded in pixel data. Here, we develop and validate a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for rapid and standardized diagnosis of fresh brain tumor specimens with minimal tissue requirement using SRH. For CNN training, 153,000 400x400μm SRH fields of view (FOVs) from 70 patients across 12 common diagnostic classes of CNS tumors were used. Our deep neural network was developed from the GoogleNet InceptionV3 CNN architecture, which includes 23.8 million trainable parameters. Model validation was completed on 1,635 FOVs from 30 patients. The model was evaluated on its ability to differentiate 1) nonlesional versus lesional tissue, 2) glial versus nonglial tumors and 3) provide the correct histopathologic diagnosis. The CNN differentiated lesional from non-lesional FOVs with 98.4% accuracy, glial from non-glial tumor FOVs with 96.4% accuracy and classified FOVs into correct histopathologic subtype with 83.5% accuracy. By compiling FOV data from each specimen, the CNN predicted accurate diagnosis in 96.7% (29/30) of cases in the validation set. The only error by the CNN was a misclassification of a WHO grade III ependymoma as a WHO grade IV glioblastoma. We present the first application of a deep CNN to intraoperative diagnosis of brain tumors using SRH. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of applying deep machine learning to brain tumor diagnosis and justifies more extensive study on combining automated diagnosis with SRH to improve the surgical care of brain tumor patients.