tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Screening for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: D M Eddy
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (1990)

Considerable indirect evidence, based on the natural history of colorectal cancer and the ability of tests to detect adenomas and invasive cancers, suggests that screening for colorectal cancer reduces mortality. Without screening, a 50-year-old person at average risk has approximately a 530-in-10 000 chance of developing invasive colorectal cancer in the rest of his or her life and approximately a 250-in-10 000 chance of dying from it. Analysis of indirect evidence with a mathematic model indicates that screening persons for 25 years, from the age of 50 to the age of 75 years should reduce the chance of developing or dying from colorectal cancer by 10% to 75%, depending on which screening tests are used and how often screening is done. Screening for colorectal cancer is optional. A possible recommendation is that annual fecal occult blood tests and 65-cm flexible sigmoidoscopy every 3 to 5 years be done for average-risk men and women who are between 50 and 75 years of age. In addition to having annual fecal occult blood tests, persons with first-degree relatives with colorectal cancer can be offered barium enemas instead of sigmoidoscopies every 3 to 5 years.
Author response—sham surgery versus labral repair or biceps tenodesis for type II SLAP lesions of the shoulder: a three-armed randomised clinical trial
Authors: Jens Ivar Brox, Cecilie Piene Schrøder, Øystein Skare, Petter Mowinckel, Olav Reikerås
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

We appreciate the comments on our study from Hong C-K and Su W-R, van Deurzen DFP and van den Bekrom MPJ, and Edwards D and Funk L.

While planning the study, about 10 years ago, we had lengthy discussions about the ethics of what was proposed. We all had reservations about this issue, in particular the shoulder surgeon, but our experience having completed the clinical trial is in agreement with previously published sham surgical studies.1 2 Patients in sham surgical groups have fewer complications than those who undergo repair or any other procedure.3 4 Hong and Su suggest that it was unethical to assign patients to sham surgery because the current literature does not suggest that shaving arthroscopy or arthroscopic irrigation is helpful for these patients.5 We do not understand the reference to ‘shaving arthroscopy procedure’ since this was not used in the present trial. A diagnostic arthroscopy does involve irrigation but, unlike the degenerative knee, where irrigation may give some general pain relief by removing cytokines etc, the patients in the present study did not have degenerative cartilage damages of the glenohumeral joint. Our major concern is that new surgical procedures are introduced and applied in a large number of patients worldwide despite lack of evidence about their effectiveness. Current clinical practice states that it is ethically acceptable to conduct sham surgery to evaluate minor surgical procedures when the informed written and oral consent has been obtained from the patient.3 6 7 In our opinion it is unethical to introduce new surgical procedures into clinical practice before they have been properly evaluated in clinical trials. For example, the ethics of using the most common surgical shoulder procedure are questioned because a clinical trial published decades ago did not demonstrate that acromioplasty was actually superior to …
Effect of Caloric Restriction on Mammary-Tumor Formation in Strain C3H Mice and on the Response of Strain DBA to Painting with Methylcholanthrene
Authors: Florence R. White, Julius White, G. Burroughs Mider, Margaret G. Kelly, Walter E. Heston, Philip W. David
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1944)

Journal Article Effect of Caloric Restriction on Mammary-Tumor Formation in Strain C3H Mice and on the Response of Strain DBA to Painting with Methylcholanthrene Get access Florence R. White, Florence R. White assistant biochemist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Julius White, Julius White senior biochemist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar G. Burroughs Mider, G. Burroughs Mider National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Margaret G. Kelly, Margaret G. Kelly junior biochemist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Walter E. Heston, Walter E. Heston geneticist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Philip W. David Philip W. David National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 5, Issue 1, August 1944, Pages 43–48, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/5.1.43 Published: 01 August 1944
Radioembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: Statistical confirmation of improved survival in responders by landmark analyses
Authors: Ahsun Riaz, Ahmed Gabr, Nadine Abouchaleh, Rehan Ali, Ali Al Asadi, Ronald Mora, Laura Kulik, Kush Desai, Bartley Thornburg, Samdeep Mouli, Ryan Hickey, Frank H. Miller, Vahid Yaghmai, Daniel Ganger, Robert J. Lewandowski, Riad Salem
Journal: Hepatology (2017)

Does imaging response predict survival in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)? We studied the ability of posttherapeutic imaging response to predict overall survival. Over 14 years, 948 patients with HCC were treated with radioembolization. Patients with baseline metastases, vascular invasion, multifocal disease, Child‐Pugh &gt; B7, and transplanted/resected were excluded. This created our homogeneous study cohort of 134 patients with Child‐Pugh ≤ B7 and solitary HCC. Response (using European Association for Study of the Liver [EASL] and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 [RECIST 1.1] criteria) was associated with survival using Landmark and risk‐of‐death methodologies after reviewing 960 scans. In a subanalysis, survival times of responders were compared to those of patients with stable disease (SD) and progressive disease (PD). Uni/multivariate survival analyses were performed at each Landmark. At the 3‐month Landmark, responders survived longer than nonresponders by EASL (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; confidence interval [CI], 0.26‐0.82; P = 0.002) but not RECIST 1.1 criteria (HR, 0.70; CI, 0.37‐1.32; P = 0.32). At the 6‐month Landmark, responders survived longer than nonresponders by EASL (HR, 0.32; CI, 0.15‐0.77; P &lt; 0.001) and RECIST 1.1 criteria (HR, 0.50; CI, 0.29‐0.87; P = 0.021). At the 12‐month Landmark, responders survived longer than nonresponders by EASL (HR, 0.34; CI, 0.15‐0.77; P &lt; 0.001) and RECIST 1.1 criteria (HR, 0.52; CI 0.27‐0.98; P = 0.049). At 6 months, risk of death was lower for responders by EASL ( P &lt; 0.001) and RECIST 1.1 ( P = 0.0445). In subanalyses, responders lived longer than patients with SD or PD. EASL response was a significant predictor of survival at 3‐, 6‐, and 12‐month Landmarks on uni/multivariate analyses. Conclusion : Response to radioembolization in patients with solitary HCC can prognosticate improved survival. EASL necrosis criteria outperformed RECIST 1.1 size criteria in predicting survival. The therapeutic objective of radioembolization should be radiologic response and not solely to prevent progression. (H epatology 2018;67:873–883)
Could Lithium in Drinking Water Reduce the Incidence of Dementia?
Authors: John J. McGrath, Michael Berk
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
A lower-extremity exoskeleton improves knee extension in children with crouch gait from cerebral palsy
Authors: Zachary F. Lerner, Diane L. Damiano, Thomas C. Bulea
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2017)

The ability to walk contributes considerably to physical health and overall well-being, particularly in children with motor disability, and is therefore prioritized as a rehabilitation goal. However, half of ambulatory children with cerebral palsy (CP), the most prevalent childhood movement disorder, cease to walk in adulthood. Robotic gait trainers have shown positive outcomes in initial studies, but these clinic-based systems are limited to short-term programs of insufficient length to maintain improved function in a lifelong disability such as CP. Sophisticated wearable exoskeletons are now available, but their utility in treating childhood movement disorders remains unknown. We evaluated an exoskeleton for the treatment of crouch (or flexed-knee) gait, one of the most debilitating pathologies in CP. We show that the exoskeleton reduced crouch in a cohort of ambulatory children with CP during overground walking. The exoskeleton was safe and well tolerated, and all children were able to walk independently with the device. Rather than guiding the lower limbs, the exoskeleton dynamically changed the posture by introducing bursts of knee extension assistance during discrete portions of the walking cycle, a perturbation that resulted in maintained or increased knee extensor muscle activity during exoskeleton use. Six of seven participants exhibited postural improvements equivalent to outcomes reported from invasive orthopedic surgery. We also demonstrate that improvements in crouch increased over the course of our multiweek exploratory trial. Together, these results provide evidence supporting the use of wearable exoskeletons as a treatment strategy to improve walking in children with CP.
Promising efficacy and acceptable safety of venetoclax plus bortezomib and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory MM
Authors: Philippe Moreau, Asher Chanan-Khan, Andrew W. Roberts, Amit B. Agarwal, Thierry Facon, Shaji Kumar, Cyrille Touzeau, Elizabeth A. Punnoose, Jaclyn Cordero, Wijith Munasinghe, Jia Jia, Ahmed Hamed Salem, Kevin J. Freise, Joel D. Leverson, Sari Heitner Enschede, Jeremy A. Ross, Paulo C. Maciag, Maria Verdugo, Simon J. Harrison
Journal: Blood (2017)
Aβ accumulation causes MVB enlargement and is modelled by dominant negative VPS4A
Authors: Katarina Willén, James R. Edgar, Takafumi Hasegawa, Nobuyuki Tanaka, Clare E. Futter, Gunnar K. Gouras
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2017)

Alzheimer's disease (AD)-linked β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulates in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the onset of AD pathogenesis. Alterations in endosomes are among the earliest changes associated with AD but the mechanism(s) that cause endosome enlargement and the effects of MVB dysfunction on Aβ accumulation and tau pathology are incompletely understood. MVB size and Aβ fibrils in primary neurons were visualized by electron microscopy and confocal fluorescent microscopy. MVB-dysfunction, modelled by expression of dominant negative VPS4A (dnVPS4A), was analysed by biochemical methods and exosome isolation. Here we show that AD transgenic neurons have enlarged MVBs compared to wild type neurons. Uptake of exogenous Aβ also leads to enlarged MVBs in wild type neurons and generates fibril-like structures in endocytic vesicles. With time fibrillar oligomers/fibrils can extend out of the endocytic vesicles and are eventually detectable extracellularly. Further, endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) components were found associated with amyloid plaques in AD transgenic mice. The phenotypes previously reported in AD transgenic neurons, with net increased intracellular levels and reduced secretion of Aβ, were mimicked by blocking recycling of ESCRT-III by dnVPS4A. DnVPS4A further resembled AD pathology by increasing tau phosphorylation at serine 396 and increasing markers of autophagy. We demonstrate that Aβ leads to MVB enlargement and that amyloid fibres can form within the endocytic pathway of neurons. These results are consistent with the scenario of the endosome-lysosome system representing the site of initiation of Aβ aggregation. In turn, a dominant negative form of the CHMP2B-interacting protein VPS4A, which alters MVBs, leads to accumulation and aggregation of Aβ as well as tau phosphorylation, mimicking the cellular changes in AD.
A vital role for TUBB8 in human oocyte meiotic spindle assembly and maturation
Authors: R Feng, Q Sang, Y Kuang, X Sun, Z Yan, S Zhang, J Shi, G Tian, A Luchniak, Y Fukuda, B Li, M Yu, J chen, Y Xu, L Guo, R Qu, Z Sun, M Liu, H Shi, H Wang, Y Feng, R Shao, R Chai, Q Li, X Zhao, Q Xing, Q Sun, R Zhang, E Nogales, L Jin, L He, ML Gupta, NJ Cowan, L Wang
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2016)

Author(s): Feng, R; Sang, Q; Kuang, Y; Sun, X; Yan, Z; Zhang, S; Shi, J; Tian, G; Luchniak, A; Fukuda, Y; Li, B; Yu, M; chen, J; Xu, Y; Guo, L; Qu, R; Sun, Z; Liu, M; Shi, H; Wang, H; Feng, Y; Shao, R; Chai, R; Li, Q; Zhao, X; Xing, Q; Sun, Q; Zhang, R; Nogales, E; Jin, L; He, L; Gupta, ML; Cowan, NJ; Wang, L
Extraction and Ultracentrifugation of Mammary Tumor Inciter of Mice
Authors: W. Ray Bryan, H. Kahler, Michael B. Shimkin, H. B. Andervont
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1942)

Journal Article Extraction and Ultracentrifugation of Mammary Tumor Inciter of Mice Get access W. Ray Bryan, W. Ray Bryan biologist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. Kahler, H. Kahler senior biophysicist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael B. Shimkin, Michael B. Shimkin assistant surgeon National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. B. Andervont H. B. Andervont principal biologist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 2, Issue 5, April 1942, Pages 451–455, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/2.5.451 Published: 01 April 1942
Potential of BEAMing Technology to Develop Individualized Cancer Care
Authors: Frank Diehl
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

PL01-02  Non-invasive detection of tumors through the identification of somatic mutations in free circulating tumor DNA present in blood, urine, sputum, saliva, or stool could have a substantial impact on cure, recurrence, and survival. Mutated DNA in these bodily fluids is a specific biomarker for the presence of neoplastic growth as such mutations are not found in normal tissues. However, the detection of mutated DNA requires sensitive assays, as the number of circulating mutant molecules is small compared to the number of normal DNA molecules. We have developed a technology called BEAMing (Beads, Emulsion, Amplification and Magnetics), which provides this sensitivity and at the same time precisely enumerates the fraction of template molecules. Using this approach, we found that mutant DNA can be detected in stool and plasma of patients with early stage colorectal tumors. Furthermore, our results suggest that quantifying the amounts of circulating mutant DNA can be used for monitoring tumor burden. This non-invasive approach would therefore greatly enhance early detection of primary and recurring disease as well as the ability of clinicians to optimize cancer therapy best suited for individual patients.
Rational Design of Glucose‐Responsive Insulin Using Pharmacokinetic Modeling
Authors: Naveed A. Bakh, Gili Bisker, Michael A. Lee, Xun Gong, Michael S. Strano
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2017)

A glucose responsive insulin (GRI) is a therapeutic that modulates its potency, concentration, or dosing of insulin in relation to a patient's dynamic glucose concentration, thereby approximating aspects of a normally functioning pancreas. Current GRI design lacks a theoretical basis on which to base fundamental design parameters such as glucose reactivity, dissociation constant or potency, and in vivo efficacy. In this work, an approach to mathematically model the relevant parameter space for effective GRIs is induced, and design rules for linking GRI performance to therapeutic benefit are developed. Well-developed pharmacokinetic models of human glucose and insulin metabolism coupled to a kinetic model representation of a freely circulating GRI are used to determine the desired kinetic parameters and dosing for optimal glycemic control. The model examines a subcutaneous dose of GRI with kinetic parameters in an optimal range that results in successful glycemic control within prescribed constraints over a 24 h period. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the modeling approach can find GRI parameters that enable stable glucose levels that persist through a skipped meal. The results provide a framework for exploring the parameter space of GRIs, potentially without extensive, iterative in vivo animal testing.
光学レポーター遺伝子イメージングとグルコース代謝モニタリングによる肺癌における肥満細胞動員とその効果の非侵襲的可視化【Powered by NICT】
Authors: Oh Seul-Gi, Li Xian, Lee Ho Won, Singh Thoudam Debraj, Lee Sang Bong, Ji Hyun Dong, Yoon GhilSuk, Cho Sung Jin, Lee In-Kyu, Jeong Shin Young, Ahn Byeong-Cheol, Lee Jaetae, Chang Hyeun Wook, Lee Sang-Woo, Jeon Yong Hyun
Journal: Biomaterials (2017)
Abstract 183: Small Molecule Gβ? Inhibition Reduces Pathologic Activation of Cardiac Fibroblasts
Authors: Joshua G Travers, Fadia A Kamal, Burns C Blaxall
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Heart failure (HF) is a devastating disease characterized by cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and inflammation. Excess signaling through Gβγ subunits leads to chronic β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) downregulation, mediated predominantly by GRK2 in complex with PI3Kγ. Our recent work has demonstrated the therapeutic potential of the small molecule Gβγ-GRK2 inhibitor Gallein in limiting HF progression. Chronic activation of cardiac fibroblasts (CF), critical yet underappreciated myocardial cells, is a key contributor to pathologic cardiac remodeling. We hypothesized that Gβγ-GRK2 inhibition may limit pathologic CF activation. CFs were stimulated with Isoproterenol (Iso, β-AR agonist), AngII, or vehicle (V), +/- Gβγ inhibition for 24hr. Gallein treatment attenuated the induction of αSMA expression, a marker of pathologic CF activation, and two inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-6 in response to these pathologic stimuli (Iso, AngII), as assessed by real time PCR. This data suggest that Gallein treatment may reduce pathologic CF activation. Iso stimulation also enhances the phosphorylation of Akt, a kinase downstream of PI3Kγ known to be involved in cellular proliferation. Gβγ inhibition mitigated this induction, decreasing Akt phosphorylation &gt;60% in response to Iso. This phenomenon was also observed in failing human CFs, in which Gallein decreased Akt phosphorylation &gt;70%. We have recently demonstrated that the protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1), a GPCR we have implicated in cardiac hypertrophy, is transactivated via chronic β-AR stimulation by induction of MMP-13, a protease we have found to be elevated in HF. Recent data from our lab and others have demonstrated that PAR1 is the most abundantly expressed GPCR in CFs, and that its stimulation in CFs may be pathologic. Interestingly, Gβγ inhibition treatment reduced PAR1 cleavage and activation in response to chronic Iso. In summary, small molecule Gβγ inhibition appears to reduce pathologic CF activation. The reduction in β-AR-mediated PAR1 cleavage reveals an alternative role for Gβγ inhibition in preventing CF activation and proliferation. These data suggest a potential therapeutic role for small molecule Gβγ inhibition in limiting pathologic CF activation and cardiac hypertrophy.
肺癌のMRIとMRガイド下集束超音波アブレーションのための能動的標的化セラノスティック鉄酸化物ナノ粒子【Powered by NICT】
Authors: Wang Zhongling, Qiao Ruirui, Tang Na, Lu Ziwei, Wang Han, Zhang Zaixian, Xue Xiangdong, Huang Zhongyi, Zhang Siruo, Zhang Guixiang, Li Yuanpei
Journal: Biomaterials (2017)
Inquiry is ordered into child deaths at Indian hospital
Authors: Priyanka Pulla
Journal: BMJ (2017)

The deaths of 34 children on 10-11 August at a major hospital in the northern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh have led to major controversy over the extent of the state government’s culpability for the tragedy.

The children, 20 of whom were babies less than 4 weeks old, were inpatients at Baba Raghav Das (BRD) medical college, one of the largest hospitals in northeastern Uttar Pradesh, based in Gorakhpur.

The state government1 and the hospital2 have both admitted that the oxygen supply to the children’s ventilators lost pressure for at least two hours from 11 30 pm to 1 30 am on the night of 10 August. Whether this disruption led to the children’s deaths has become a subject of acrimonious debate.

The Uttar Pradesh government has ordered an inquiry. But the state’s health minister, Siddharth Singh, said that none of the deaths could be attributed to the oxygen disruption, as did an …
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) and ONCO-Mpi Predict Mortality in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) in the Elderly: A Retrospective Evaluation in a Single Center Experience
Authors: Silvia Finotto, Dario Marino, Caterina Boso, Filippo Marino, Luca Canziani, Giulia Bega, Annunziata Lettiero, Miriam Farina, Antonella Brunello, Vittorina Zagonel
Journal: Blood (2016)