tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for predicting pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in esophageal squamous cell cancer.
Authors: Daxuan Hao, Yuanyuan Yang, Xue Li, Xiaoyuan Wu, Yongshun Chen, Jianhua Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e15510 Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(nCRT) followed by surgery has became the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer. However, cumulating data showed that only patients who had a pathologic response to neoadjuvant treatment could benefit from the nCRT and surgery. Moreover, for patients with no pathologic response, nCRT even worsen the survival compared with surgery alone. Therefore, accurately differentiating the two groups was contributed to personalize treatment for esophageal cancer. Our study aimed to explore the potential value of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI-MRI) for the prediction of pathologic response to nCRT in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Nineteen patients underwent DWI-MRI within one week before and after nCRT. Tumor regression score (TRG) was assessed by two experienced pathologists after esophagetcomy. The average tumor apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of tumor was calculated before and after neoadjuvant treatment. The predictive potential of pre-nCRT ADC (ADC pre ), post-nCRT ADC (ADC post ) and ADC change (ΔADC) for pathologic responders (TRG≥3) and good responders (pCR and near-pCR, TRG1-2) was assessed. Results: Among these patients, 12 patients showed a positive response, and 8 patients showed a good response to nCRT. The ADC pre values in responders were significantly higher than these in no-responders (2.31±0.53×10 -3 mm 2 /s vs. 1.72±0.40 mm 2 /s, P= 0.021). According to ROC analysis for ADC pre , an optimal cut-off value of 1.77×10 -3 mm 2 /s predicted the responders with a sensitivity of 83.33 %, specificity of 71.43 %, PPV of 83.33 %, NPV of 71.43 %. The ADC post values in good responders were significantly higher than these in poor responders (3.44±0.62×10 -3 mm 2 /s vs. 2.73±0.31 mm 2 /s, P= 0.004). The ADC post was predictive of the good responders at a threshold of 3.21×10-3mm 2 /s (sensitivity of 87.50 %, specificity of 100.00 %, PPV of 100.00 %, NPV of 91.67 % ). Conclusions: ADC value can be used as a promising biomarker to predict pathologic response of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
Sustained Prescription Opioid Use Among Previously Opioid-Naive Patients Insured Through TRICARE (2006-2014)
Authors: Andrew J. Schoenfeld, Wei Jiang, Muhammad Ali Chaudhary, Rebecca E. Scully, Tracey Koehlmoos, Adil H. Haider
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2017)

This review of data from the Military Health Data Repository examines causes of sustained prescription opioid use.
PM2.5 obtained from urban areas in Beijing induces apoptosis by activating nuclear factor-kappa B
Authors: Hui Peng, Xiao-Hong Zhao, Ting-Ting Bi, Xiao-Yan Yuan, Jia-Bin Guo, Shuang-Qing Peng
Journal: Military Medical Research (2017)

Particulate matter (PM), which has adverse effects on citizen health, is a major air pollutant in Beijing city. PM2.5 is an indicator of PM in urban areas and can cause serious damage to human health. Many epidemiological studies have shown that nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is involved in PM2.5-induced cell injury, but the exact mechanisms are not well understood.The cytotoxic effects of PM2.5 at 25-1600 μg/ml for 24 h were determined by MTT assay in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) cells. Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis rate induced by PM2.5. The destabilized enhanced green fluorescent protein (d2EGFP) green fluorescent protein reporter system was used to determine the NF-κB activity induced by PM2.5. The expression of pro-apoptotic Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD) proteins induced by PM2.5 was determined by western blotting to explore the relationship between PM2.5 and the NF-κB signaling pathway and to determine the toxicological mechanisms of PM2.5.PM2.5 collected in Beijing urban districts induces cytotoxic effects in CHO cells according to MTT assay with 72.28% cell viability rates even at 200 μg/ml PM2.5 and flow cytometry assays with 26.97% apoptosis rates at 200 μg/ml PM2.5. PM2.5 increases the activation levels of NF-κB, which have maintained for 24 h. 200 μg/ml PM2.5 cause activation of NF-κB after exposure for 4 h, the activation peak appears after 13.5 h with a peak value of 25.41%. The average percentage of NF-κB activation in whole 24 h is up to 12.9% by 200 μg/ml PM2.5. In addition, PM2.5 decreases the expression level of the pro-apoptotic protein BAD in a concentration-dependent manner.PM2.5 induces NF-κB activation, which persists for 24 h. The expression of pro-apoptotic protein BAD decreased with increased concentrations of PM2.5. These findings suggest that PM2.5 plays a major role in apoptosis by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway and reducing BAD protein expression.
Abstract 178: Metabolomic Approach by <sup>1</sup> H NMR Spectroscopy of Plasma for the Assessment of heart-function in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: Wang Juan, Luo Liangtao, Li Zhongfeng, Chen Jianxin, Chen Chan, Zhao Huihui, Guo Shuzhen, Wang Wei
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a progressive clinical syndrome characterized by inability of the heart to adequately pump blood to meet metabolic demands of the body, and assessment of heart function in chronic heart failure patients is needed to make therapeutic decisions. New York Heart Association( NYHA) classification is usually performed to evaluate heart-function of CHF patients. Nevertheless, this does not take into account metabolic perturbations produced by heart-function impairment. In contrast, metabolomics can investigate many metabolic perturbations within biological systems.The purpose of this study was to assess whether metabolomic profiles of plasma, obtained by proton NMR spectroscopy from CHF patients, are affected by the severity of heart-function impairment. An orthogonal projection to latent-structure analysis was performed to compare NMR spectra of 49 chronic heart failure patients according to NYHA classification.The statistical model obtained showed a good explained variance (R 2 X = 0.13 and R 2 Y = 0.92) and a good predictability (Q 2 Y = 0.68). Metabolomic profiles showed significant differences regarding various metabolites depending of severity of heart-function impairment: levels of high-density lipoprotein, glycol-protein, glutamine, glutamate, were significantly higher in patients with mild CHF compared to severe CHF. Other metabolites such as lactate and amino acids were significantly higher in patients with severe CHF than mild CHF. Our conclusion is that metabolomic NMR analysis provides new insights into metabolic processes related to the severity of heart function impairment in chronic heart failure.
The Safety and Immunogenicity of Live Zoster Vaccination in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Before Starting Tofacitinib: A Randomized Phase II Trial
Authors: Kevin L. Winthrop, Ann G. Wouters, Ernest H. Choy, Koshika Soma, Jennifer A. Hodge, Chudy I. Nduaka, Pinaki Biswas, Elie Needle, Sherry Passador, Christopher F. Mojcik, William F. Rigby
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2017)

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at increased risk of herpes zoster, and vaccination is recommended for patients ages 50 years and older, prior to starting treatment with biologic agents or tofacitinib. Tofacitinib is an oral JAK inhibitor for the treatment of RA. We evaluated its effect on the immune response and safety of live zoster vaccine (LZV).
AB0931 Effects of manual therapy on pain, posture, flexibility, quality of sleep and depressive symptoms in fibromyalgia syndrome
Authors: T Duymaz, G Toprak Sakınç
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic musculoskeletal pain condition characterized by widespread and a constellation of other symptoms. <h3>Objectives</h3> The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of a Manual Therapy (MT) protocol for improving pain, posture, flexibility, tender points, impact of FMS symptoms, sleep quality and depressive symptoms with FMS. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients completed demographic information, a number of self-report measures including Visual Analog Scale for assessing pain, Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Quality of Sleep Questionnaire Index and the Hospital of Anxiety and Depression Scale.The patients underwent a protocol of MT for a 60-minute session for 3 weeks (5/wk). The protocol was as the following release and mobilisation. All analyses were performed with the SPSS (version 22.0)statistical program <h3>Results</h3> 16 women,3 men patients who had FMS were treated with MT.Demographic variables of the participants are provided in Table 1.While there was a favorable change in all measurement parameters after treatment (p&lt;0.001).There was a statistically significant difference between before and after the treatment measurement parameters (Table 2) <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study found that the application of a MT protocol was effective for improving pain, posture, flexibility,tender points, impact of FMS symptoms, sleep quality and depressive symptoms in individuals with FMS. <h3>References</h3> Goldenberg DL, Burckhardt C, Crofford L. Management of fibromyalgia syndrome. JAMA. 2004;292:2388–2395. Castro-Sa9 nchez AM, Matara9 n-Peñ arrocha GA, Arroyo-Morales M. Effects of myofascial release techniques on pain, physical function, and postural stability in patients with fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2011;25:800–813. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Neointimal Condition after Second Generation Drug Eluting Stent Implantation is not Affected by Prolonged Dual Antiplatelet Therapy
Authors: Goryo Yutaka, Okamoto Hiroshi, Kobayashi Yusuke, Kawamura Ai, Fukuhara Kenzo, Koyama Terumasa, Tamada Tomoko, Obase Kikuko, Imai Koichiro, Yamada Ryotaro, Kume Teruyoshi, Neishi Yoji, Uemura Shiro
Journal: Circulation (2016)
Screening for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Brian Budenholzer
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2003)

Letters18 February 2003Screening for Colorectal CancerBrian Budenholzer, MDBrian Budenholzer, MDGroup Health Cooperative, Spokane, WA 99210-0204 (Budenholzer)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-138-4-200302180-00021 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Pignone and colleagues (1) claim that screening for colorectal cancer is cost-effective. I submit that this conclusion is not tenable. For colorectal cancer screening to save life-years, lives have to be saved. However, no trial of screening for colorectal cancer has shown a reduction in mortality. The combined results of the three published randomized, controlled trials of screening with fecal occult blood testing fail to show any trend toward mortality reduction; 25 609 of the 137 377 screened patients died, and 22 158 of the 121 348 unscreened patients died (2-4). Thus, there were 186.4 deaths per ...References1. Pignone M, Saha S, Hoerger T, Mandelblatt J. Cost-effectiveness analyses of colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med. 2002;137:96-104. [PMID: 12118964] LinkGoogle Scholar2. Mandel JS, Bond JH, Church TR, Snover DC, Bradley GM, Schuman LM, . Reducing mortality from colorectal cancer by screening for fecal occult blood. Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1365-71. [PMID: 8474513] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Hardcastle JD, Chamberlain JO, Robinson MH, Moss SM, Amar SS, Balfour TW, . Randomised controlled trial of faecal-occult-blood screening for colorectal cancer. Lancet. 1996;348:1472-7. [PMID: 8942775] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Kronborg O, Fenger C, Olsen J, Jrgensen OD, Sndergaard O. Randomised study of screening for colorectal cancer with faecal-occult-blood test. Lancet. 1996;348:1467-71. [PMID: 8942774] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Group Health Cooperative, Spokane, WA 99210-0204 (Budenholzer) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCost-Effectiveness Analyses of Colorectal Cancer Screening Michael Pignone , Somnath Saha , Tom Hoerger , and Jeanne Mandelblatt Metrics Cited byP-glycoprotein (P-gp/MDR1)/ABCB1 18 February 2003Volume 138, Issue 4Page: 356KeywordsCancer screeningColorectal cancerColorectal cancer screeningDeath ratesHematologic testsMortalityRelative risk ePublished: 18 February 2003 Issue Published: 18 February 2003 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2003 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
EVIPAN IN OPHTHALMIC SURGERY: FURTHER EXPERIENCES
Authors: T. K. Lyle, F. G. Fenton
Journal: BMJ (1935)

TMeHcBRITISL 763Of the thirteen cases with premedication, seven (54 per cent.) had one or more unsatisfactory incidents or "complications."Of the nine with no premedication, three (33 per cent.) had complications.TABLE IL-Complications Complication Premedication No premedication Total Sneezing ... ... ...
When does cultural transmission favour or instead substitute for general intelligence?
Authors: Andrew Whiten
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract The cultural intelligence hypothesis is an exciting new development. The hypothesis that it encourages general intelligence is intriguing, but it presents a paradox insofar as social learning is often suggested to instead reduce reliance on individual cognition and exploration. There is thus a need to specify more clearly the contexts in which cultural transmission may select for general intelligence.
Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapy Among Smokers Hospitalized for Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Quinn R. Pack, Aruna Priya, Tara C. Lagu, Penelope S. Pekow, Nancy A. Rigotti, Peter K. Lindenauer
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

This study uses data from the Premier Alliance database to assess factors associated with the use of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy in smokers hospitalized for coronary heart disease.
Drug-Free Interventions to Reduce Pain or Opioid Consumption After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Dario Tedesco, Davide Gori, Karishma R. Desai, Steven Asch, Ian R. Carroll, Catherine Curtin, Kathryn M. McDonald, Maria P. Fantini, Tina Hernandez-Boussard
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2017)

There is increased interest in nonpharmacological treatments to reduce pain after total knee arthroplasty. Yet, little consensus supports the effectiveness of these interventions.To systematically review and meta-analyze evidence of nonpharmacological interventions for postoperative pain management after total knee arthroplasty.Database searches of MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE (OVID), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science (ISI database), Physiotherapy Evidence (PEDRO) database, and ClinicalTrials.gov for the period between January 1946 and April 2016.Randomized clinical trials comparing nonpharmacological interventions with other interventions in combination with standard care were included.Two reviewers independently extracted the data from selected articles using a standardized form and assessed the risk of bias. A random-effects model was used for the analyses.Postoperative pain and consumption of opioids and analgesics.Of 5509 studies, 39 randomized clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis (2391 patients). The most commonly performed interventions included continuous passive motion, preoperative exercise, cryotherapy, electrotherapy, and acupuncture. Moderate-certainty evidence showed that electrotherapy reduced the use of opioids (mean difference, -3.50; 95% CI, -5.90 to -1.10 morphine equivalents in milligrams per kilogram per 48 hours; P = .004; I2 = 17%) and that acupuncture delayed opioid use (mean difference, 46.17; 95% CI, 20.84 to 71.50 minutes to the first patient-controlled analgesia; P < .001; I2 = 19%). There was low-certainty evidence that acupuncture improved pain (mean difference, -1.14; 95% CI, -1.90 to -0.38 on a visual analog scale at 2 days; P = .003; I2 = 0%). Very low-certainty evidence showed that cryotherapy was associated with a reduction in opioid consumption (mean difference, -0.13; 95% CI, -0.26 to -0.01 morphine equivalents in milligrams per kilogram per 48 hours; P = .03; I2 = 86%) and in pain improvement (mean difference, -0.51; 95% CI, -1.00 to -0.02 on the visual analog scale; P < .05; I2 = 62%). Low-certainty or very low-certainty evidence showed that continuous passive motion and preoperative exercise had no pain improvement and reduction in opioid consumption: for continuous passive motion, the mean differences were -0.05 (95% CI, -0.35 to 0.25) on the visual analog scale (P = .74; I2 = 52%) and 6.58 (95% CI, -6.33 to 19.49) opioid consumption at 1 and 2 weeks (P = .32, I2 = 87%), and for preoperative exercise, the mean difference was -0.14 (95% CI, -1.11 to 0.84) on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index Scale (P = .78, I2 = 65%).In this meta-analysis, electrotherapy and acupuncture after total knee arthroplasty were associated with reduced and delayed opioid consumption.
A cluster of measles linked to an imported case, Finland, 2017
Authors: Elina Seppälä, Viktor Zöldi, Sakari Vuorinen, Satu Murtopuro, Ulpu Elonsalo, Janko van Beek, Anu Haveri, Mia Kontio, Carita Savolainen-Kopra, Taneli Puumalainen, Jussi Sane
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2017)

One imported and five secondary cases of measles were detected in Finland between June and August 2017. The measles sequences available for five laboratory-confirmed cases were identical and belonged to serotype D8. The large number of potentially exposed Finnish and foreign individuals called for close cooperation of national and international public health authorities and other stakeholders. Raising awareness among healthcare providers and ensuring universally high vaccination coverage is crucial to prevent future clusters and outbreaks.
Comparative Carcinogenicity of Three Carcinogenic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Michael B. Shimkin, Howard B. Andervont
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1940)

Comparative Carcinogenicity of Three Carcinogenic Hydrocarbons Get access Michael B. Shimkin, Michael B. Shimkin assistant surgeon National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Howard B. Andervont Howard B. Andervont senior biologist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 1, Issue 1, 1940-1941, Pages 57–62, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/1.1.57 Published: 01 August 1940
Overcoming resistance to cisplatin by inhibition of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) with ethacraplatin micelles in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Shuyi Li, Chan Li, Shubin Jin, Juan Liu, Xiangdong Xue, Ahmed Shaker Eltahan, Jiadong Sun, Jingjie Tan, Jinchen Dong, Xing-Jie Liang
Journal: Biomaterials (2017)
Unravelling confusion in sports medicine and sports science practice: a systematic approach to using the best of research and practice-based evidence to make a quality decision
Authors: Clare L Ardern, Gregory Dupont, Franco M Impellizzeri, Gary O’Driscoll, Guus Reurink, Colin Lewin, Alan McCall
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

The quantity of clinical information (scientific articles, videos, podcasts, and so on) available, and ways to access this information are increasing exponentially—far more rapidly than one can differentiate valuable information (signal) from non-useful or even misleading information (noise).1 Your job is to select information that is both accurate and useful, and to convert it into knowledge to make a quality decision.

Making a quality decision in practice should involve three key steps: (1) systematically searching and assessing the quality of published literature, (2) combining quality research evidence with quality clinical evidence, and (3) considering the feasibility of use in the practical setting. When reviewing the research evidence, you might choose to consult systematic reviews (SRs)—expected to be a high-quality and comprehensive summary of the body of research regarding a particular intervention, technique, procedure or technology. However, while you might expect that a SR is accurate, remember that the glittering thing is not always gold.2 Some poorly conducted SRs use complex data pooling to synthesise articles with high risk of bias, creating a publication with a tantalising title while the results and discussion/conclusion are misleading and confusing.2 The number of SRs being produced is growing rapidly, but many of these are redundant, misleading or unnecessary.3 This raises the question: How do you make sense of conflicting SR research evidence? How do you know which one to trust?

You are the team clinician and your star player sustains a time-loss injury—tendinopathy, hamstring strain, shoulder dislocation, ACL rupture—the injury specifics are not important here. But what is important is what you do next. How do you gather and synthesise quality information to help the player make an informed choice about treatment? You are not short of information to help inform a decision, but how do you make sense of it? What should …
Measurement of Epithelial Growth in Surgical Wounds of the Rabbit's Ear
Authors: Paul S. Henshaw, Henry L. Meyer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1944)

Measurement of Epithelial Growth in Surgical Wounds of the Rabbit's Ear Get access Paul S. Henshaw, Paul S. Henshaw senior radiobiologist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Henry L. Meyer Henry L. Meyer scientific aide National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 4, Issue 4, February 1944, Pages 351–358, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/4.4.351 Published: 01 February 1944