tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The 12-gene Oncotype DX Colon Recurrence Score (RS) test: Experience with &gt; 20,000 stage 2 patients (pts).
Authors: Helen Bailey, Michelle Turner, Melissa C Stoppler, Calvin Chao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

618 Background: Genomic assays can provide information beyond the traditional methods used to assess risk of recurrence. The 12-gene Oncotype DX Colon RS test is clinically validated to predict recurrence risk after surgical resection in pts with stage 2 colon cancer (CC). The test measures expression of 12 genes (7 cancer-related; 5 reference) to give an RS result (scale 0-100) that estimates the risk of recurrence based on individual tumor biology in MMR-proficient tumors. Here, we report the Genomic Health Clinical Laboratory experience with stage 2 CC since its commercially availability. Methods: Over 20,000 samples from stage 2 CC pts submitted from 4/2010 to 8/2017 were analyzed. Descriptive statistics for the clinical characteristics of pts and RS results were calculated. Standard low (RS &lt; 30), intermediate (RS 30-40), and high (RS ≥41) RS subgroups were used. Results: In 20,406 samples, 92.4% were adenocarcinoma and 7.6% were mucinous carcinoma. Median age was 64 y; 51% were men. Samples were received from 42 countries. The median RS result was 24 (range 0-77); 72% had low, 20% had intermediate, and 8% had high RS results. Mucinous carcinoma had a significantly higher median RS result than adenocarcinoma (34 vs. 23; p &lt; 0.001). Of adenocarcinoma pts, 74% had low, 20% intermediate, and 6% had high RS results. Of mucinous carcinoma pts, 35% had low, 35% had intermediate, and 30% had high RS results. Conclusions: More than 20,000 samples from stage 2 CC pts were submitted over a 7-year period for Colon RS testing. Compared with adenocarcinoma, mucinous carcinoma had a higher median RS result and more high RS results. Overall, there was a wide range of RS results (0-77), indicating that risk of recurrence is continuous and not simply dichotomous. Traditional methods for assessing risk do not reveal the full picture. Because the 12-gene Colon RS result provides a quantitative and more individualized risk assessment for stage 2 CC pts beyond T-stage and MMR status, the test greatly improves the ability of clinicians to personalize care and treatment decisions for these pts.
Author Correction: Altered cerebellar connectivity in autism and cerebellar-mediated rescue of autism-related behaviors in mice
Authors: Catherine J. Stoodley, Anila M. D’Mello, Jacob Ellegood, Vikram Jakkamsetti, Pei Liu, Mary Beth Nebel, Jennifer M. Gibson, Elyza Kelly, Fantao Meng, Christopher A. Cano, Juan M. Pascual, Stewart H. Mostofsky, Jason P. Lerch, Peter T. Tsai
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2018)
Dynamics and characteristics of <i>KRAS</i> mutated circulating tumor DNA in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer during various treatments.
Authors: Yuji Takayama, Koichi Suzuki, Kosuke Ichida, Taro Fukui, Nao Kakizawa, Fumiaki Watanabe, Rina Kikugawa, Fumi Hasegawa, Shingo Tsujinaka, Yasuyuki Miyakura, Fumio Konishi, Toshiki Rikiyama
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

665 Background: KRAS mutated circulating tumor DNA (MctDNA) can be detected in blood of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) but its dynamics and characteristics during anti-EGFR and other treatments are not well known. Methods: Four hundred and fifty-one plasma samples were collected prospectively from 85 patients who underwent chemotherapy due to mCRC in 2014 - 2017. KRAS mutation in codon12/13/61 was explored in tumor tissues and plasma. Results: KRAS assessment in tumor tissues showed 29 patients with KRAS mutation (MT), 56 patients without mutation (WT). Sensitivity and specificity of MctDNA was 86.4% and 100%, respectively. In 29 patients with MT, significant difference in PFS was observed between patients with MctDNA and without during 1st line treatment (3.0 months vs.15.0 months; p = 0.005). In 56 patients with WT, 27 patients showed MctDNA during various treatments. Different characteristics in appearance were recognized during several treatments including anti-VEGF, TAS-102 and regorafenib. KRAS mutation in codon12/13 was appeared before and after disease progression. KRAS mutation in codon 61 was, however, frequently detected before disease progression. A spike like appearance of KRAS mutation in codon12/13 was likely seen in response to induction of the sequential treatment. Significant difference in PFS was observed between patients with MctDNA and without during 1st line treatment (6.0 months vs. 13.0 months; p = 0.0017), as was observed in patients with MT. Conclusions: Dynamics and characteristics of KRAS status in blood may be involved in the treatment response and outcome in mCRC patients.
Undisclosed Conflicts of Interest
Authors: Paul J. Mills, John Fagan
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 15581: No Evidence of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Noninvasive Evaluation of Patients for Coronary Heart Disease in the United States
Authors: Joseph A Ladapo, Saul Blecker, Pamela S Douglas
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction:  Racial and ethnic disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors are widely recognized, and reducing the burden of these disparities was a major focus of Healthy People 2010. While differences in cholesterol screening, hypertension treatment, and cardiac revascularization have been reported, it is unknown whether disparities exist in the utilization of cardiac stress testing to diagnose CHD.   Hypothesis:  Nonwhite patients at risk for CHD are less likely to receive stress testing than white patients.   Method:  We analyzed a nationally representative US sample of 452,188 adult ambulatory visits from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 1995 to 1999 (prior to the Jan. 2000 launch of Healthy People 2010) and 2006-2010 (after the launch). Patients with CHD were excluded. The main outcome was survey-weighted incidence of referrals for or performance of stress testing. Multivariable logistic regressions included ethnicity (Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, and non-Hispanic black), an ethnicity-gender interaction, clinical risk factors (smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension), whether the patient’s reason for visiting the physician was chest pain, physician specialty, sociodemographics, geographic location, and insurance status.   Result:  Stress testing was ordered or performed in 37 per 10,000 adult ambulatory visits in 1995-1999 and 47 per 10,000 visits in 2006-2010. In unadjusted and adjusted analyses, patients who were Hispanic or black were no more or less likely to undergo stress testing than white patients, either in the pre- (adjusted OR 0.7, CI 0.4-1.2 for Hispanics; aOR 0.9, 0.5-1.4 for blacks) or post-period (aOR 1.0, 0.7-1.4 for Hispanics; aOR 0.9, 0.5-1.5 for blacks). Similarly, no significant differences were found when we examined stress testing with imaging or ethnicity-gender interactions.   Conclusion:  Racial/ethnic disparities that have previously been reported in the utilization of preventive and therapeutic cardiovascular interventions do not appear to extend to cardiac stress testing. However, reducing disparities in the burden of cardiovascular disease remains an important concern.
AGE Content of a Protein Load Is Responsible for Renal Performances: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gabrielle Normand, Sandrine Lemoine, Marjorie Villien, Didier Le Bars, Ines Merida, Zacharie Irace, Thomas Troalen, Nicolas Costes, Laurent Juillard
Journal: Diabetes Care (2018)

Chronic kidney disease is associated with higher morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. A low-protein diet is recommended to slow diabetic nephropathy progression because each protein load leads to renal hemodynamic variations. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether the advanced glycation end products (AGE) content of a protein load is responsible for the protein-induced renal hemodynamic variations in humans.Ten healthy subjects were assigned to a high-protein (1 g/kg) low-AGE (3,000 kU AGE) versus high-AGE (30,000 kU AGE) meal. Renal perfusion, oxygen consumption, and oxygen content were measured before and 120 min after each meal.Renal perfusion (3.2 ± 0.5 vs. 3.8 ± 0.4 mL/min/g; P = 0.0002) and oxygen consumption (0.3 ± 0.04 vs. 0.4 ± 0.08 min-1; P = 0.005) increased significantly after the high-AGE meal compared with the low-AGE meal.Our results suggest that the AGE content of a protein load is responsible for renal hemodynamic modifications. Therefore, prevention of diabetic nephropathy progression could aim predominantly at reducing food AGE content.
Diagnosis, Staging, and Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: 2018 Practice Guidance by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
Authors: Jorge A. Marrero, Laura M. Kulik, Claude B. Sirlin, Andrew X. Zhu, Richard S. Finn, Michael M. Abecassis, Lewis R. Roberts, Julie K. Heimbach
Journal: Hepatology (2018)

Marrero, Jorge A.; Kulik, Laura M.; Sirlin, Claude B.; Zhu, Andrew X.; Finn, Richard S.; Abecassis, Michael M.; Roberts, Lewis R.; Heimbach, Julie K. Author Information
Kourami: graph-guided assembly for novel human leukocyte antigen allele discovery
Authors: Heewook Lee, Carl Kingsford
Journal: Genome biology (2018)

Accurate typing of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is important because HLA genes play important roles in immune responses and disease genesis. Previously available computational methods are database-matching approaches and their outputs are inherently limited by the completeness of already known types, making them unsuitable for discovery of novel alleles. We have developed a graph-guided assembly technique for classical HLA genes, which can construct allele sequences given high-coverage whole-genome sequencing data. Our method delivers highly accurate HLA typing, comparable to the current state-of-the-art methods. Using various data, we also demonstrate that our method can type novel alleles.
Antibacterial forsterite (Mg2SiO4) scaffold: A promising bioceramic for load bearing applications
Authors: Rajan Choudhary, Ankita Chatterjee, Senthil Kumar Venkatraman, Sivasankar Koppala, Jayanthi Abraham, Sasikumar Swamiappan
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2018)

In the current work, forsterite samples with different surface area were investigated for its antibacterial activity. Dissolution studies show that the lower degradation of forsterite compared to other silicate bioceramics, which is a desirable property for repairing bone defects. Forsterite scaffold shows superior compressive strength than the cortical bone after immersion in simulated body fluid. Bactericidal tests indicate that the forsterite had inhibition effect on the growth of clinical bacterial isolates. Forsterite may be a suitable candidate material for load bearing applications with enhanced mechanical properties and lower degradation rate.
Species-Specific Involvement of Integrin αIIbβ3 in a Monoclonal Antibody CH12 Triggers Off-Target Thrombocytopenia in Cynomolgus Monkeys
Authors: Yiting Zhang, Jianhua Sun, Minjia Tan, Yongzhen Liu, Qian Li, Hua Jiang, Huamao Wang, Zonghai Li, Wei Wan, Hualiang Jiang, Henglei Lu, Bingshun Wang, Jin Ren, Likun Gong
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2018)

CH12 is a novel humanized monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) for cancer treatment. Unfortunately, in pre-clinical safety evaluation studies, acute thrombocytopenia was observed after administration of CH12 in cynomolgus monkeys, but not rats. More importantly, in vitro experiments found that CH12 can bind and activate platelets in cynomolgus monkey, but not human peripheral blood samples. Cynomolgus monkey-specific thrombocytopenia has been reported previously; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we first showed that CH12 induced thrombocytopenia in cynomolgus monkeys through off-target platelet binding and activation, resulting in platelet destruction. We subsequently found that integrin αIIbβ3 (which is expressed on platelets) contributed to this off-target toxicity. Furthermore, three-dimensional structural modeling of the αIIbβ3 molecules in cynomolgus monkeys, humans, and rats suggested that an additional unique loop exists in the ligand-binding pocket of the αIIb subunit in cynomolgus monkeys, which may explain why CH12 binds to platelets only in cynomolgus monkeys. Moreover, this study supported the hypothesis that the minor differences between cynomolgus monkeys and humans can confuse human risk assessments and suggests that species differences can help the prediction of human risks and avoid losses in drug development.
India pledges legislation to improve medical services
Authors: G. Mudur
Journal: BMJ (2000)

India's health ministry and the Indian Medical Association have independently pledged steps to improve medical services and the relationships between doctors and patients in the country, which they both say are deteriorating.

The health ministry said last week that it would legislate to define the minimum standards of services in medical institutions and order doctors to reregister with the Medical Council of India every five years to continue practising.

In an almost simultaneous move, the Indian Medical Association also released a charter of patients' rights outlining how doctors and hospitals should interact with patients and deal with their grievances.

These moves follow …
Efficacy of transoral incisionless fundoplication for refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Thomas McCarty, Michael Itidiare, Basile Njei, Tarun Rustagi
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Abstract Background Given poor symptomatic response rates and rising awareness of the adverse events associated with the long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), endoscopic modalities for treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have become more prominent. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate feasibility, efficacy, and tolerability of transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) for the treatment of refractory GERD. Methods Searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were performed to March 2017. Measured outcomes included immediate technical success rate and serious adverse events. Symptomatic improvement was measured using GERD Health-related Quality of Life (HRQL), Gastroesophageal Reflux Symptom Score (GERSS), and Reflux Symptom Index (RSI). Objective success was determined by hiatal hernia reduction and pH monitoring. Results 32 studies (1475 patients; 48.2 % male) met inclusion criteria. TIF success rate was 99 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 97 to 100; P &lt; 0.001), with an adverse event rate of 2 % (95 %CI 1 to 3; P &lt; 0.001). GERD HRQL, GERSS, and RSI improved significantly post-TIF (mean difference 17.72, 95 %CI 17.31 to 18.14; mean difference 23.78, 95 %CI 22.96 to 24.60; mean difference 14.28, 95 %CI 13.56 to 15.01; all P &lt; 0.001, respectively). Hernia reduction occurred in 91 % of patients (95 %CI 83 to 98; P &lt; 0.001). DeMeester scores improved significantly (mean difference 10.22, 95 %CI 8.38 to 12.12; P &lt; 0.001). PPI therapy was discontinued post-procedure in 89 % of patients (95 %CI 82 to 95; P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions TIF appears to be a safe and effective endoscopic procedure for patients with refractory GERD. Future controlled trials are needed to directly compare efficacy, long-term durability, and safety between TIF and Nissen fundoplication.
Cystic fibrosis pathogens survive for extended periods within cough-generated droplet nuclei
Authors: Michelle E Wood, Rebecca E Stockwell, Graham R Johnson, Kay A Ramsay, Laura J Sherrard, Timothy J Kidd, Joyce Cheney, Emma L Ballard, Peter O’Rourke, Nassib Jabbour, Claire E Wainwright, Luke D Knibbs, Peter D Sly, Lidia Morawska, Scott C Bell
Journal: Thorax (2018)

The airborne route is a potential pathway in the person-to-person transmission of bacterial strains among cystic fibrosis (CF) populations. In this cross-sectional study, we investigate the physical properties and survival of common non- Pseudomonas aeruginosa CF pathogens generated during coughing. We conclude that Gram-negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus are aerosolised during coughing, can travel up to 4 m and remain viable within droplet nuclei for up to 45 min. These results suggest that airborne person-to-person transmission is plausible for the CF pathogens we measured.
Abstract P049: Serum Uric Acid Levels Are Associated With Non-Calcified Coronary Plaque Independent of Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients With Psoriasis
Authors: Youssef A Elnabawi, Amit K Dey, Agastya D Belur, Aditya Goyal, Jacob W Groenendyk, Jonathan Chung, Justin Rodante, Aditya A Joshi, Martin P Playford, Nehal N Mehta
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Serum uric acid (sUA), a known inflammosome-inducer, is associated with prospective risk of coronary artery disease in a dose-dependent fashion. Psoriasis (PSO), a chronic inflammatory disease associated with elevated burden of systemic inflammation and subclinical coronary artery disease, provides a reliable human model to study how sUA may relate to non-calcified coronary plaque burden (NCB) measured by computed coronary tomography angiography (CCTA). Hypothesis: We hypothesized that sUA would directly associate with NCB beyond traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. Methods: 103 consecutive PSO patients and 47 healthy volunteers (HV) underwent CCTA (320 detector row, Toshiba) for coronary plaque burden quantification using QAngio (Medis). PSO severity was assessed by Psoriasis Area Severity Score (PASI) and divided into severe PSO (PASI&gt;10) and mild-moderate PSO (PASI&lt;10). All patients had fasting blood draws for the measurement of sUA at a certified clinical lab. Results: PSO patients were older than HV and had a higher CV risk by Framingham risk score (FRS) (Table 1). We observed a significant trend towards increase in sUA among severe PSO, mild-moderate PSO, and HV groups (mean 6.4, 5.9, 5.4 respectively, p=0.02 for trend). A positive association was observed between sUA and NCB, which was stronger in severe PSO after adjustment for traditional CV risk, alcohol, statins, and systemic/biologic PSO treatment (Severe PSO: β=0.27, p&lt;0.001; Mild-moderate PSO: β=0.18, p=0.03), not significant in HV (β=0.18, p=0.12). Conclusions: sUA is independently associated with NCB in states of chronic inflammation such as PSO, and as such, may potentially serve as a biomarker for subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. However, larger prospective studies of CV outcomes in chronic inflammatory diseases are needed to confirm these results.
Indoor Tanners as a Priority Population for Skin Cancer Screening
Authors: Mary K. Tripp
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
SIDE in metastatic colon cancer: SEER Database analysis.
Authors: Mahvish Muzaffar, Sandeep Kaur, Abdul Rafeh Naqash, Sweta Jonnalagadda, Nasreen A. Vohra
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

753 Background: Recent data suggests side of colon cancer is a prognostic factor and a potential predictive factor for biologic therapy. We sought to analyze SEER database to study impact of colon cancer side. Methods: The SEER database (version 8.3.4) was reviewed for patients with Stage IV colon cancer from 2004-2014. We only included patients with labeled primary site, and excluded appendiceal, rectal or unlabeled cases. Variables included were: age, race, gender, stage, grade and side of the tumor. Primary outcome was overall survival and disease specific survival. Cox proportional hazard regression model was employed to test the association between survival and side of cancer. Results: 48,306 patients met the inclusion criteria, median age was 67 years (range 20-108), 51% were male, and 77% patients were white. 19831 (41%) patients had left colon cancer (LCC). Right colon cancer (RCC) was associated with inferior OS and DSS compared to LCC. The median overall survival was 15 months (mo) for left side and 9 months for right colon cancer (p&lt;0.0001). Estimated 3-year OS for RCC was 14% and 24% for LCC (p &lt;0.0001). RCC was associated with poor outcome across different variables, among patients &lt; 60 years of age median OS was 23 mo for LCC, and 16 mo for RCC (p .0001). In the age group ≥ 60 years, 10 mo for left side and 7 mo for RCC (p &lt; 0.0001). Among male patients RCC had 10 mo median OS vs 16 mo for LCC (p &lt;0.0001), women 15mo for LCC vs 9mo for RCC (&lt;0.0001). Cox regression model suggested age (&lt;0.001), race (&lt;0.0001), year of diagnosis (&lt;0.0001) and grade (&lt;0.0001) correlate with outcome. Conclusions: Right side colon cancer is associated with poor outcome compared to left colon cancer. These findings are consistent with other recent reports.