tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The regulation of stem-like property in gastric cancer cells mediated by tumor associated macrophage.
Authors: Takatsugu Ishimoto, Masayuki Watanabe, Masaaki Iwatsuki, Satoshi Ida, Yohei Nagai, Shiro Iwagami, Yoshifumi Baba, Yasuo Sakamoto, Yuji Miyamoto, Hideo Baba
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e13553 Background: CD44 has recently been identified as one of the cell surface markers associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs) in several types of tumor. We have reported the functional role of CD44 variant isoform in the maintenance of low reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in gastrointestinal cancer cells. Previous studies demonstrated that tumor associated macrophage promotes tumor progression, but the functional role for macrophage in the regulation of CSC marker expression is not known. Methods: We analysed the relationship of CSCs and macrophage infiltration in gastric cancer cell lines and human gastric cancer samples. Results: Here, we showed activated macrophage by LPS and IFNγ produces inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and these macrophage express CD68 and CD163, which are known as specific markers for pan-macrophage and M2 macrophage. we found that co-culture with activated macrophage triggers the CD44 and Bmi1 expression in gastric cancer cells and promote stem-like property that possess sphere-forming ability. Furthermore, we investigated the relation between CD44 expression and infiltrated macrophage in human gastric cancer. The staining patterns of CD44, Bmi1 and macrophage specific markers (CD68 and CD163) were significantly correlated in tumorous tissues of human gastric adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: These findings establish inflammatory cytokines, which producted from activated macrophage, induce the CD44 and Bmi1 expression in gastric cancer cells. These findings revealed that a role for tumor associated macrophage in the expansion of gastric cancer stem-like cells and subsequent malignant progression.
The „ELITE“: Construct validation of a new training system for NOTES
Authors: S Gillen, A Meining, A Schneider, A Fiolka, S von Delius, H Friess, H Feussner
Journal: Endoscopy (2008)

Objectives: The development and penetration of NOTES is severely impaired by the lack of adequate training models. The ELITE trainer (endoscopic-laparoscopicinterdisciplinarytrainingentity) is a new ex-vivo model offering a highly immersive reconstruction of the abdominal cavity to train NOTES techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate the construct validity of this new simulator, in order to determine its usefulness for training basic NOTES skills.
RESCUE CHOLECYSTOGASTROSTOMY GUIDED BY ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND FOR THE TREATMENT OF MALIGNANT OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE AFTER ERCP AND FAILED RENDEZVOUS
Authors: DF Gómez Nussbaumer, JA Casellas Valde, J Martinez Sempere, L Compañy Catala, FA Ruiz, J Ramon Aparicio Tormo
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

The endoscopic treatment of choice of obstructive jaundice in patients with unresectable pancreatic neoplasia is the placement of a biliary prosthesis through ERCP. In cases in which the bile duct can not be cannulated, PTHC is often used. We present a case of obstructive jaundice resolved by EUS-guided cholecystoduodenostomy.
A vicious circle of TNF-α, CXCL12 and CXCR4 influences growth and spread of human epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Hagen Kulbe, Julia Wilson, Richard Thompson, Thorsten Hagemann, Andrew Leinster, Anya Muller, Ayse Ayhan, Frances Balkwill
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

178  In biopsies of ovarian cancer, malignant cells co-express the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its ligand CXCL12, but normal ovarian surface epithelium, OSE, is negative for both. Here, we investigate the biological significance of this observation. Co-expression of high levels of chemokine and receptor in ovarian cancer cell lines was associated with increased metastasis of xenografts within and outside the peritoneum, and the presence of viable tumor cells in the circulation of nude mice. Intracellular expression of the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α was also characteristic of malignant OSE in the biopsies. Using RNA knockdown and neutralising antibody, we found that endogenous production of TNF-α provided a functional link between CXCR4 and CXCL12 expression. In addition, ovarian cancer cells with high surface CXCR4, that produced CXCL12 and TNF-α, had increased levels of the TNF-α-regulated proteins β1 integrin, VEGF, IL-6 and MIF, as compared to low CXCR4 lines that did not produce TNF-α or CXCL12. Again, production of these mediators was partially regulated by endogenous TNF-α. When RNAi to TNF-α was stably expressed in one of the high CXCR4 cell lines, dissemination of these cells from the peritoneal cavity into the blood was significantly reduced. Our results suggest that co-expression of CXCR4 and CXCL12 increases the ability of ovarian cancer cells to disseminate within and outside the peritoneum and that this chemokine/ligand pair, and associated molecules that aid growth and spread, are regulated by endogenous expression of low amounts of TNF-α.
Nanoparticle co-delivery of wortmannin and cisplatin synergistically enhances chemoradiotherapy and reverses platinum resistance in ovarian cancer models
Authors: Maofan Zhang, C. Tilden Hagan, Yuangzeng Min, Hayley Foley, Xi Tian, Feifei Yang, Yu Mi, Kin Man Au, Yusra Medik, Kyle Roche, Kyle Wagner, Zachary Rodgers, Andrew Z. Wang
Journal: Biomaterials (2018)
I-131-lipiodol therapy in local disease control and survival in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: An observational study.
Authors: Kumar G. Kallur, Bhatt Aditi, Gothlu Ramachandra Prashanth, Papaiah Susheela Sridhar, Subbanna Indushekar, Mallarajapatna Govindarajan, Kanakapura Ramanna Nagaraj, Kodaganur Srinivasachar Gopinath, Ravi B Diwakar, Shekhar Patil, Ramesh Bilimagga S, Bhattacharjee Somorat, Basavalinga S. Ajaikumar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e14721 Background: In patients with Locally advanced/metastatic HCC, the median survival is 3 months. Most of these patients have altered liver functions which makes them unsuitable for any therapy. In this exploratory study we aim to test the effectiveness of I-131-lipiodol in prolonging survival in these patients. Methods: 15 patients with locally advanced HCC (unresectable) and metastatic HCC with altered liver functions (CHILDS B and C) were given I-131-lipiodol. Patients had received prior chemotherapy, prior TACE therapy, prior sorafenib and had treatment refractory progressive disease. We compared effects of I-131-Lipiodol in prolonging survival beyond three months in these patients. We performed a non parametric one sample kolmogorov Smirnov test comparing survival with I-131-lipiodol to an average 90 days survival reported in patients with advanced HCC. Results: Survival ranged from 46 to 417 days with a median survival of 144 days. However one sample test showed significant improvement in survival with I-131-lipiodol therapy compared to standard of care (z = 1.4, p = 0.04). Conclusions: I-131-lipiodol is a useful local therapy in management of patients with advanced HCC, randomized controlled trials are needed to validate its findings in adjuvant and palliative settings.
Rituximab Maintenance Therapy After First-Line Induction Chemoimmunotherapy for Follicular Lymphoma
Authors: Talal Hilal, Jose F. Leis, Craig B. Reeder
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2018)

Is rituximab maintenance therapy after first-line induction chemoimmunotherapy for follicular lymphoma associated with improved outcomes?Compared with observation, rituximab maintenance therapy prolongs progression-free survival without an improvement in overall survival or quality of life after first-line induction chemoimmunotherapy.
Comparative analysis of the association between 35 frailty scores and cardiovascular events, cancer, and total mortality in an elderly general population in England: An observational study
Authors: Gloria A. Aguayo, Michel T. Vaillant, Anne-Françoise Donneau, Anna Schritz, Saverio Stranges, Laurent Malisoux, Anna Chioti, Michèle Guillaume, Majon Muller, Daniel R. Witte
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2018)

Background Frail elderly people experience elevated mortality. However, no consensus exists on the definition of frailty, and many frailty scores have been developed. The main aim of this study was to compare the association between 35 frailty scores and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD), incident cancer, and all-cause mortality. Also, we aimed to assess whether frailty scores added predictive value to basic and adjusted models for these outcomes. Methods and findings Through a structured literature search, we identified 35 frailty scores that could be calculated at wave 2 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), an observational cohort study. We analysed data from 5,294 participants, 44.9% men, aged 60 years and over. We studied the association between each of the scores and the incidence of CVD, cancer, and all-cause mortality during a 7-year follow-up using Cox proportional hazard models at progressive levels of adjustment. We also examined the added predictive performance of each score on top of basic models using Harrell's C statistic. Using age of the participant as a timescale, in sex-adjusted models, hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals) for all-cause mortality ranged from 2.4 (95% CI: 1.7–3.3) to 26.2 (95% CI: 15.4–44.5). In further adjusted models including smoking status and alcohol consumption, HR ranged from 2.3 (95% CI: 1.6–3.1) to 20.2 (95% CI: 11.8–34.5). In fully adjusted models including lifestyle and comorbidity, HR ranged from 0.9 (95% CI: 0.5–1.7) to 8.4 (95% CI: 4.9–14.4). HRs for CVD and cancer incidence in sex-adjusted models ranged from 1.2 (95% CI: 0.5–3.2) to 16.5 (95% CI: 7.8–35.0) and from 0.7 (95% CI: 0.4–1.2) to 2.4 (95% CI: 1.0–5.7), respectively. In sex- and age-adjusted models, all frailty scores showed significant added predictive performance for all-cause mortality, increasing the C statistic by up to 3%. None of the scores significantly improved basic prediction models for CVD or cancer. A source of bias could be the differences in mortality follow-up time compared to CVD/cancer, because the existence of informative censoring cannot be excluded. Conclusion There is high variability in the strength of the association between frailty scores and 7-year all-cause mortality, incident CVD, and cancer. With regard to all-cause mortality, some scores give a modest improvement to the predictive ability. Our results show that certain scores clearly outperform others with regard to three important health outcomes in later life. Finally, we think that despite their limitations, the use of frailty scores to identify the elderly population at risk is still a useful measure, and the choice of a frailty score should balance feasibility with performance.
PER RECTAL ENDOSCOPIC MYOTOMY (PREM) FOR INFANTILE HIRSCHSPRUNG'S DISEASE
Authors: A Bapaye, M Mahadik, S Kumar Korrapati, P Nemade, R Pujari, S Date, N Dubale, J Bapaye
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital disorder characterized by absence of intrinsic ganglion cells in myenteric plexuses of the hindgut. Patients present with constipation, intestinal obstruction and/or megacolon. Standard treatment includes pull-through (short segment) or posterior anorectal surgical myotomy (ultrashort). Per rectal endoscopic myotomy (PREM) for adult and pediatric HD has been reported earlier. This video demonstrates PREM performed successfully for infantile HD.
Heterogeneity in Definitions of Efficacy and Safety Endpoints for Clinical Trials of Crohn’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Christopher Ma, Isra M. Hussein, Yousef J. Al-Abbar, Remo Panaccione, Richard N. Fedorak, Claire E. Parker, Tran M. Nguyen, Reena Khanna, Corey A. Siegel, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Rish K. Pai, Niels Vande Casteele, Geert R. D’Haens, William J. Sandborn, Brian G. Feagan, Vipul Jairath
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2018)
Relationship Between Metabolic Syndrome, Alanine Aminotransferase Levels, and Liver Disease Severity in a Multiethnic North American Cohort With Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Mandana Khalili, Margaret C. Shuhart, Manuel Lombardero, Jordan J. Feld, David E. Kleiner, Raymond T. Chung, Norah A. Terrault, Mauricio Lisker-Melman, Arun Sanyal, Anna S. Lok
Journal: Diabetes Care (2018)

OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome (MS) is prevalent and is associated with adverse outcomes of liver disease. We evaluated the prevalence of MS and its influence on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and fibrosis, as estimated by the aspartate aminotransferase–to–platelet ratio index (APRI), in a large, multiethnic North American cohort with chronic hepatitis B (HBV) infection. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Adults with chronic HBV from 21 centers within the U.S. and Canada were evaluated at baseline and for up to 5 years (median 3.7 years) of follow-up. MS was defined as the presence of at least three of five criteria including waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, triglyceride, and HDL levels. RESULTS Analysis included 777 participants, of whom 171 (22%) had MS. Participants with MS (vs. those without MS) were older (median age 54.4 vs. 40.2 years), more often male (61% vs. 51%), and born in the U.S./Canada or had immigrated &amp;gt;20 years ago (60% vs. 43%). MS was not associated with ALT or APRI at baseline. Upon adjusted multivariable analysis of serial ALT values, ALT was significantly higher (mean 12%; P = 0.02) among those with MS at baseline and even higher (mean 19%; P = 0.003) among those with persistent MS compared with those with persistent absence of MS. MS was not associated with serial APRI on follow-up. CONCLUSIONS MS was prevalent in this HBV cohort and was independently associated with higher ALT levels longitudinally. These findings highlight the importance of screening for MS and the potential for MS to influence ALT and its interpretation in the context of HBV treatment decisions.
PCSK9 regulates expression of scavenger receptors and ox-LDL uptake in macrophages
Authors: Zufeng Ding, Shijie Liu, Xianwei Wang, Sue Theus, Xiaoyan Deng, Yubo Fan, Sichang Zhou, Jawahar L Mehta
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has been shown to influence macrophage biology and modulate atherogenesis. We conducted this study to examine the regulation of scavenger receptors (SRs) (LOX-1, SRA, and CD36) and oxidized liporoptein cholesterol (ox-LDL) uptake in macrophages by PCSK9.Treatment of mouse peritoneal macrophages with tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) resulted in concentration-dependent modest, but significant, increase in PCSK9 expression. Importantly, treatment of TNF-α primed macrophages with recombinant murine PCSK9 increased the expression of LOX-1, SRA, and CD36 2-5 fold, and enhanced ox-LDL uptake by ≈five-fold. The increase in LOX-1 was much greater than in SRA or CD36. PCSK9 inhibition (by siRNA transfection or use of macrophages from PCSK9-/- mice) reduced the expression of SRs (LOX-1 ≫ SRA or CD36). Ox-LDL uptake in response to PCSK9 was also inhibited in macrophages from LOX-1-/- mice (P < 0.05 vs. macrophages from SRA-/- and CD36-/- mice). Upregulation of PCSK9 by cDNA transfection induced intense ox-LDL uptake which was inhibited by co-transfection of cells with siRNA LOX-1 (P < 0.05 vs. siRNA SRA or siRNA CD36). Further, TNF-α-mediated PCSK9 upregulation and subsequent expression of SRs and ox-LDL uptake were reduced in macrophages from gp91phox-/-, p47phox-/- and p22phox-/- mice (vs. macrophages from wild-type mice).This study shows that in an inflammatory milieu, elevated levels of PCSK9 potently stimulate the expression of SRs (principally LOX-1) and ox-LDL uptake in macrophages, and thus contribute to the process of atherogenesis.
A large-scale multicenter study of long-term outcomes after endoscopic resection for submucosal invasive colorectal cancer
Authors: Yusuke Yoda, Hiroaki Ikematsu, Takahisa Matsuda, Yuichiro Yamaguchi, Kinichi Hotta, Nozomu Kobayashi, Takahiro Fujii, Yasuhiro Oono, Taku Sakamoto, Takeshi Nakajima, Madoka Takao, Tomoaki Shinohara, Takahiro Fujimori, Kazuhiro Kaneko, Yutaka Saito
Journal: Endoscopy (2013)

<b>Background and study aims:</b> Patients with submucosal invasive colorectal cancer (SM-CRC) treated with endoscopic resection who are at low risk of lymph node metastasis and local recurrence may be followed up with observation alone, while additional surgery is recommended for those with high risk features. However, the long-term outcomes that these strategies offer are still unclear. The objective of our study was to retrospectively evaluate the long-term outcomes of patients with SM-CRC managed with endoscopic resection. <b>Patients and methods:</b> We retrospectively analyzed all patients with SM-CRC treated by endoscopic resection at six institutions between 2000 and 2007. SM-CRCs with (i) negative vertical margin, (ii) well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, (iii) absence of lymphovascular invasion, and (iv) invasion depth < 1000 µm were classified as low risk. Patients with SM-CRCs without these characteristics were classified as high risk. Outcomes were assessed by 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) and recurrence rate. <b>Results:</b> During the study period, 428 patients with SM-CRC (low risk, 126; high risk, 302) who underwent endoscopic resection as their first treatment were enrolled (median follow-up 61 months). Among the 120 patients with low risk features treated by endoscopic resection alone, the 5-year RFS and recurrence rates were 98 % and 0.8 %, respectively. Of the 302 patients with high risk features, 196 underwent additional surgery and 106 were managed with endoscopic resection alone. For those who underwent additional surgery, the 5-year RFS and recurrence rates were 97 % and 3.6 %, respectively. Among the 106 patients managed with endoscopic resection alone, RFS and recurrence rates were 89 % (<i>P</i> < 0.05 vs. low risk patients treated by endoscopic resection alone) and 6.6 % (<i>P</i> < 0.05), respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> Endoscopic resection alone is adequate for the management of patients with SM-CRC and low risk features. However, in those patients with SM-CRC and high risk features, surgery should be considered in addition to endoscopic resection.
RISK FACTORS FOR FALSE-POSITIVE AND FALSE-NEGATIVE FECAL IMMUNOCHEMICAL TEST RESULTS IN COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: CM de Klerk, LM Vendrig, PM Bossuyt, E Dekker
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening using fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) may reduce CRC-related mortality but its effectiveness is affected by FIT's limited accuracy. Identifying individuals at increased risk of a false FIT result could improve screening, but available evidence is conflicting. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis on risk factors for false-positive and false-negative FIT results in CRC-screening.
Metabolic Maturation during Muscle Stem Cell Differentiation Is Achieved by miR-1/133a-Mediated Inhibition of the Dlk1-Dio3 Mega Gene Cluster
Authors: Stas Wüst, Stefan Dröse, Juliana Heidler, Ilka Wittig, Ina Klockner, Andras Franko, Erik Bonke, Stefan Günther, Ulrich Gärtner, Thomas Boettger, Thomas Braun
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2018)
Which needle device is accessible in endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA), needle with Coil-spring sheath or Teflon sheath? A randomized prospective comparative study
Authors: Hikichi Takuto
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Background: Nowadays, EUS-FNA needle devices with two kinds of sheaths, Coil-spring and Teflon, are available. Although the needle with Coil-spring sheath is easy to pass in working channel of echoendoscope, we had a few experiences that it bent and brought about dislocation during EUS-FNA for hard lesions. Therefore, we conducted comparative study of the usability of two needle devices; Coil-spring sheath and Teflon sheath.
Coloscopie par vidéo-capsule versus coloscopie standard. Comparaison intra-individuelle chez le sujet à risque moyen ou élevé de cancer colorectal. Résultats de l'analyse intermédiaire
Authors: S Sacher-Huvelin, M Le Rhun, V Sebille, M Gaudric, R Coriat, V Maunoury, B Filoche, E Chanteloup, C Cellier, JC Saurin, MG Lapalus, P Ducrotté, PN d'Halluin, D Coumaros, M Frederic, JP Galmiche
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Introduction: En France, la stratégie de dépistage des polypes et du cancer colorectal (CCR) repose sur la combinaison de la recherche de sang dans les selles et de la coloscopie. La vidéo-capsule spécifique du côlon (VCC), pourrait être une alternative à cette stratégie. Le but de cette étude prospective, multicentrique française était de comparer les performances diagnostiques de la VCC à celles de la coloscopie dans une population à risque moyen ou élevé de CCR. (analyse intermédiaire planifiée après 105 inclusions/550 prévues).
Selection of candidates for surgery as local therapy among early‐stage small cell lung cancer patients: a population‐based analysis
Authors: Kaiqi Jin, Kaixuan Zhang, Feng Zhou, Jie Dai, Peng Zhang, Gening Jiang
Journal: Cancer Communications (2018)

Abstract Background Surgery and radiotherapy are considered local therapies for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The present study aimed to select candidates for surgery as local therapy among patients with stage I or II SCLC, based on the eighth edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer. Methods Patients diagnosed with SCLC between 2004 and 2013 were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, And End Results database. The TNM stage of SCLC in these patients was re‐classified according to the eighth edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer. Patients with stage I or II SCLC were included in the present study. Overall survival (OS) and lung cancer‐specific survival (LCSS) were separately compared in the different TNM stages between patients who received surgery and radiotherapy as local therapy. Multivariate analysis was applied to evaluate multiple factors associated with survival. Results Among the 2129 patients included in the present study, 387 (18.2%) received surgery, 1032 (48.5%) underwent radiotherapy as local therapy, 154 (7.2%) underwent surgery and radiotherapy, and 556 (26.1%) did not undergo either surgery or radiotherapy. Among patients with T1‐2N0 (tumor size ≤ 50 mm without positive lymph nodes) disease, patients who underwent surgery had higher 5‐year OS and LCSS rates than patients who received radiotherapy (T1N0: 46.0% vs. 23.8%, P &lt; 0.001, and 58.4% vs. 36.4%, P &lt; 0.001, respectively; T2N0: 42.6% vs. 24.7%, P = 0.004, and 48.8% vs. 31.3%, P = 0.011, respectively). Multivariate analysis results revealed that surgery was associated with low risk of death. However, among T3N0 or T1‐2N1 (stage IIB) SCLC patients, patients who underwent surgery did not have higher 5‐year OS and LCSS rates than patients who received radiotherapy (T3N0: 16.2% vs. 26.5%, P = 0.085, and 28.7% vs. 30.9%, P = 0.372, respectively; T1‐2N1: 20.3% vs. 29.0%, P = 0.146, and 25.6% vs. 35.5%, P = 0.064, respectively). Conclusions Based on the assumption that the overwhelming majority of stage I or II SCLC patients who underwent surgery or radiotherapy also received certain types of systemic therapy, only patients with T1‐2N0 SCLC may benefit from surgery as local therapy. Patients with T3N0 or T1‐2N1 SCLC may consider radiotherapy as local therapy.