tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 20332: Prognostic Significance of Coronary Artery Calcium (CAC) Score Among Current Smokers and Nonsmokers of Coronary Artery Calcium Consortium: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Mohammadhassan Mirbolouk, Sina Kianoush, Zeina Dardari, John W McEvoy, Leslee Shaw, Mike Miedema, Mouaz H Al-Mallah, Alan Rozanski, John Rumberger, Daniel S Berman, Matthew J Budoff, Khurram Nasir, Michael J Blaha
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction:  We examined the association of coronary artery calcium (CAC) score with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), and cancer mortality according to smoking status.   Methods:  A total of 53478 patients without known CHD (mean age 54.5 ± 10.5, 35% women, 9.6% current smokers) from CAC Consortium cohort, with data on smoking and CAC score, were included. We used Cox regression model to assess the association of mortality outcomes with CAC as a continuous variable (1 standard deviation (SD) increase in log-transformed CAC score) and categorical variable: CAC = 0 (reference), CAC=1-99, CAC=100-399, and CAC ≥400, in current smokers and nonsmokers. Models were adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics.   Result:  Over a median of 11.9 years, 2332 patients died from CVD (n=723), CHD (n=391), and cancer (n=875). One SD increase in log CAC score was associated with significantly increased Hazard Ratio (HR) for all outcomes of interest in current smokers and nonsmokers (Table). Among nonsmokers, compared to CAC=0, all CAC groups showed increased risk of all-cause mortality. Among smokers, patients with CAC scores of 100-399, and ≥400 showed significantly higher HRs for all-cause mortality. Smokers and nonsmokers with CAC=100-399 and ≥ 400 had significantly higher HRs for CVD and CHD mortality. Compared with nonsmokers without CAC, smokers showed increased risk for all of the outcomes of interests. The only exception was smokers without CAC that did not show significant HR for CHD (figure).   Conclusion:  CAC score independently predicted the higher risk for all-cause, CVD, CHD and cancer mortality among smokers and nonsmokers.
Airway microbiota across age and disease spectrum in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Edith T. Zemanick, Brandie D. Wagner, Charles E. Robertson, Richard C. Ahrens, James F. Chmiel, John P. Clancy, Ronald L. Gibson, William T. Harris, Geoffrey Kurland, Theresa A. Laguna, Susanna A. McColley, Karen McCoy, George Retsch-Bogart, Kurtis T. Sobush, Pamela L. Zeitlin, Mark J. Stevens, Frank J. Accurso, Scott D. Sagel, J. Kirk Harris
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2017)

Our objectives were to characterise the microbiota in cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and determine its relationship to inflammation and disease status. BALF from paediatric and adult CF patients and paediatric disease controls undergoing clinically indicated bronchoscopy was analysed for total bacterial load and for microbiota by 16S rDNA sequencing. We examined 191 BALF samples (146 CF and 45 disease controls) from 13 CF centres. In CF patients aged &lt;2 years, nontraditional taxa ( e.g . Streptococcus , Prevotella and Veillonella ) constituted ∼50% of the microbiota, whereas in CF patients aged ≥6 years, traditional CF taxa ( e.g . Pseudomonas , Staphylococcus and Stenotrophomonas ) predominated. Sequencing detected a dominant taxon not traditionally associated with CF ( e.g . Streptococcus or Prevotella ) in 20% of CF BALF and identified bacteria in 24% of culture-negative BALF. Microbial diversity and relative abundance of Streptococcus , Prevotella and Veillonella were inversely associated with airway inflammation. Microbiota communities were distinct in CF compared with disease controls, but did not differ based on pulmonary exacerbation status in CF. The CF microbiota detected in BALF differs with age. In CF patients aged &lt;2 years, Streptococcus predominates, whereas classic CF pathogens predominate in most older children and adults.
Pharmacokinetics of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in mice and enhancement of bioavailability by other dietary factors
Authors: Joshua D. Lambert, Jungil Hong, Dapeng Chen, Mao-Jung Lee, Chung S. Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

5403  Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin in green tea (Camellia sinensis), has shown cancer preventive activity in animal models. The bioavailability of EGCG in the most commonly used animal species, mice, is poorly understood. We have determined the pharmacokinetic parameters of EGCG in the mouse and compared these parameters with those of other studies in humans and rats. Following administration of EGCG, at 10 mg/kg, i.v. or 75 mg/kg, i.g., the peak plasma levels of EGCG in male CF-1 mice were 2.7 μM and 0.28 μM, respectively. The absolute bioavailability of EGCG in mice following administration of EGCG (75 mg/kg, i.g.) was 26.5%. This is higher than that previously reported in the rat. EGCG was present in the unconjugated form in the lung, prostate, and other tissues at levels of 0.31 –3.56 nmol/g following intravenous administration. Whereas intragastric administration resulted in lower levels in most tissues, compared to intravenous administration (e.g. 0.006 vs. 2.66 nmol/g in the lung), the levels in the small intestine and colon were high, at 45.2 and 7.86 nmol/g respectively. When the AUC was normalized to the dose, and the present data compared with that of previous studies of humans and rats, it was apparent that humans and mice were more similar in terms of EGCG bioavailability than either was to the rat. However, whereas EGCG was found to be 50 –80% glucuronidated in the plasma of mice, it has been shown to be largely in the free form in humans. Co-treatment of mice with EGCG and a second dietary component, either piperine or curcumin, increased plasma levels of EGCG by 3.0- and 2.5-fold, respectively compared to animals given only EGCG. Piperine appeared to inhibit gastrointestinal transit of EGCG resulting in an increased absorptive period for EGCG. This was manifest in the increased residency of EGCG in the small intestine and delayed appearance in the colon. Accumulation studies with HT-29 cells showed that co-treatment with EGCG (10 μM) and curcumin (20 μM) resulted in a 2-fold increase in intracellular concentrations of EGCG and its methylated and glucuronidated metabolites compared to cells treated only with EGCG. Co-treatment of cells with EGGC and piperine at similar concentrations did not increase the overall intracellular concentrations of EGCG and its metabolites. Rather, piperine co-treatment resulted in a decrease in EGCG-4“-glucuronide and a concomitant increase in 4”-O-methly EGCG. The present studies demonstrate that there are important species differences between humans, rats, and mice in terms of EGCG bioavailability, and indicate that the mouse may represent the better model to study EGCG bioavailability. Further, these studies indicate that active transport and intestinal transit time are important factors in determining EGCG plasma levels. Modulation of these factors by other dietary components may be helpful in improving EGCG bioavailability.
Circadian profiling reveals higher histamine plasma levels and lower diamine oxidase serum activities in 24% of patients with suspected histamine intolerance compared to food allergy and controls
Authors: T. C. Pinzer, E. Tietz, E. Waldmann, M. Schink, M. F. Neurath, Y. Zopf
Journal: Allergy (2017)

Abstract Background Histamine intolerance is thought to trigger manifold clinical symptoms after ingesting histamine‐rich food due to reduced activity of diamine oxidase ( DAO ). No study has hitherto systematically assessed daily fluctuations of histamine levels and DAO activities in symptomatic patients. The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of histamine intolerance, to therefore establish day profiles of histamine levels and DAO activities, and to compare the results between patients with suspected histamine intolerance, food allergy and healthy controls. Methods We determined day profiles of histamine plasma levels and DAO serum activities in 33 patients with suspected histamine intolerance, in 21 patients with proven food allergy and in 10 healthy control patients. Clinical symptoms, food intolerances and further clinical and laboratory chemical parameters were evaluated. Results Twenty‐four percent (8 of 33) suspected histamine‐intolerant patients showed elevated histamine levels during the day. That might be caused by constantly and significantly reduced DAO activities in these patients compared to food‐allergic and control patients. The remaining 25 patients presented normal histamine levels and DAO activities, but an increased prevalence of multiple food intolerances compared to the other subgroup of suspected histamine‐intolerants. There was no correlation between subjective complaints and serological histamine parameters in patients with suspected histamine intolerance. Conclusions We determined by daily profiling that decreased DAO activities correlated with elevated histamine levels in a subgroup of suspected histamine‐intolerants. This finding discriminates these patients from food intolerant individuals with similar clinical symptoms and strongly suggests the presence of histamine intolerance.
Abstract 11202: Life’s Simple 7 and Incident Atrial Fibrillation: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Oluseye Ogunmoroti, Joseph A Salami, Erin D Michos, Erica S Spatz, Norrina Allen, Konstantinos Aronis, Ron Blankstein, Jamal S Rana, Salim S Virani, Emir Veledar, Roger S Blumenthal, Moyses Szklo, Michael J Blaha, Khurram Nasir
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) causes substantial morbidity and mortality. The Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) metrics serve as a marker of “ideal cardiovascular health” and provide a framework for decreasing the overall burden of cardiovascular diseases. We examined the association between the LS7 metrics and incident AF in MESA, a multicenter prospective cohort study. Methods: The study population comprised 6,814 men and women, free of established cardiovascular disease at baseline. “Ideal cardiovascular health” was measured from the components of the LS7 metrics (smoking, physical activity, body mass index, diet, blood pressure, total cholesterol and blood glucose). The metrics were categorized into: ideal (assigned 2 points); intermediate (1 point) and poor (0 point). Scores for each participant, were summed for a maximum score of 14. A score of 0-8 was inadequate; 9-10, average and 11-14, optimal. Cox proportional hazard ratios and incidence rates per 1000 person years were calculated from ICD-9 diagnosis of AF. Hazard ratios were adjusted for age, sex, education, income and health insurance. Results: After excluding participants with incomplete data, the final study population was 6,506 (53% women, mean age 62 ±10 years). During a median follow-up of 11.2 years, 355 participants (5.5%) developed AF. Overall, optimal and average scores were associated with a lower hazard for AF compared with inadequate scores [0.59 (0.43-0.81) and 0.92 (0.76-1.13) respectively]. A similar trend was mostly observed when the results were stratified by race/ethnicity (Table). Conclusion: Favorable LS7 status is associated with a lower risk of AF across all race/ethnic groups. These findings suggest that promoting ideal cardiovascular health may reduce the incidence of AF including its complications and healthcare expenditure.
Subgroup analysis of a phase II multicenter trial of HF10, oncolytic virus immunotherapy, and ipilimumab combination treatment in unresectable or metastatic melanoma patients
Authors: R.H.I. Andtbacka, M. Ross, S.S. Agarwala, M. Taylor, J. Vetto, R.I. Neves, A. Daud, H.T. Khong, R.S. Ungerleider, M. Tanaka, K.F. Grossmann
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
70-gene signature, an encouraging prognostic tool to guide adjuvant therapy in early breast cancer
Authors: A. Cunquero Tomas, C. Avila Andrade, A.B. Fernandez Diaz, M. Meri Abad, I. Shaheen, L. Condori Farfan, A. Rodriguez Huaman, V. Sforza, F.D.A. Aparisi Aparisi, M.J. Safont Aguilera, A. Blasco Cordellat, M. Gil Raga, C. Caballero Diaz, A. Berrocal, M.C. Godes Sanz de Bremond, A. Pérez, V. Iranzo Gonzalez-Cruz, C. Camps Herrero
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Abstract 24071: A Peptide Of The Amino-terminus Of Grk2 Induces Hypertrophy And Yet Elicits Cardioprotection After Pressure Overload.
Authors: Sarah M Schumacher, Erhe Gao, J Kurt Chuprun, Walter J Koch
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of death worldwide and a growing burden on public health, and the underlying mechanisms of cardiac remodeling and decompensation to HF remain a focus of research efforts towards therapeutic development. Signaling via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is critical for normal heart function and is tightly controlled by GPCR kinases (GRKs) with GRK2 (originally βARK1), being intimately involved in HF progression. In addition to its well-characterized role in regulating GPCRs, ongoing research has demonstrated great diversity in the functional roles of GRK2. I have recently investigated GRK2 amino terminal binding interactions through the generation of transgenic (Tg) mice with cardiac-targeted expression of the amino-terminal peptide βARKnt (residues 50-145). In a murine model of trans-aortic constriction (TAC)-induced pressure overload, echocardiography revealed increased left ventricular (LV) posterior wall thickness (1.57 versus 1.37 ± 0.02; n = 16) and LV mass in TgβARKnt compared to non-transgenic littermate controls (NLC) 4 weeks after TAC or Sham surgery. Interestingly, despite enhanced hypertrophy at baseline and after acute pressure overload, the progression to HF was paradoxically inhibited in TgβARKnt mice during chronic pressure overload with preserved cardiac function (% Ejection Fraction 57.3 versus 37.3 ± 2.0; n = 11, 10). Further, βARKnt expression limited adverse left ventricular remodeling, with reduced interstitial fibrosis (% area fibrosis 4.1 versus 9.2 ± 0.8; n = 11, 9 hearts) and preserved β-adrenergic receptor density 4 weeks after surgery. The effect of cardiac βARKnt expression was not consistent with alterations in GRK2 activity at GPCRs as neither GRK2 peptide inhibition (TgβARKct) nor GRK2 overexpression alter hypertrophy, and overexpression hastens HF development. Further, TgβARKnt mice exhibit reduced epididymal white adipose content and altered mitochondrial respiration, suggesting altered cardiac metabolism. These data support the idea that the βARKnt peptide embodies a distinct functional interaction and that βARKnt-mediated regulation of β-adrenergic receptor density may provide a novel means of cardioprotection during pressure-overload induced HF.
Impact of Pre-Diabetes on Coronary Plaque Composition and Clinical Outcome in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Serdar Farhan, Björn Redfors, Akiko Maehara, Thomas McAndrew, Ori Ben-Yehuda, Bernard De Bruyne, Roxana Mehran, Gennaro Giustino, Ajay J. Kirtane, Patrick W. Serruys, Gary S. Mintz, Gregg W. Stone
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2017)
Infección meningocócica en Escocia, 1.995 a 1.997
Authors: S. J. O’Brien, L. E. Smart
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1997)

La incidencia de infeccion meningococica en Escocia fue de 4,1 casos por 100.000 habitantes en 1.996, comparada con 3,8/100.000 en 1.995 (210 casos declarados en 1.996 frente a 193 en 1.995). En 1996 hubo 14 fallecimientos, que representan una tasa de letalidad cruda del 6,7%, manteniendose inalterable desde 1.995. La tasa de letalidad asociada a septicemia meningococica era, como minimo, dos veces mas elevada que la asociada a meningitis meningococica (1).
Interaction of Dietary and Genetic Factors Influencing Body Iron Status and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Within the EPIC-InterAct Study
Authors: Karina Meidtner, Clara Podmore, Janine Kröger, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Benedetta Bendinelli, Claudia Agnoli, Larraitz Arriola, Aurelio Barricarte, Heiner Boeing, Amanda J. Cross, Courtney Dow, Kim Ekblom, Guy Fagherazzi, Paul W. Franks, Marc J. Gunter, José María Huerta, Paula Jakszyn, Mazda Jenab, Verena A. Katzke, Timothy J. Key, Kay Tee Khaw, Tilman Kühn, Cecilie Kyrø, Francesca Romana Mancini, Olle Melander, Peter M. Nilsson, Kim Overvad, Domenico Palli, Salvatore Panico, J. Ramón Quirós, Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco, Carlotta Sacerdote, Ivonne Sluijs, Magdalena Stepien, Anne Tjonneland, Rosario Tumino, Nita G. Forouhi, Stephen J. Sharp, Claudia Langenberg, Matthias B. Schulze, Elio Riboli, Nicholas J. Wareham
Journal: Diabetes Care (2017)

OBJECTIVE Meat intake has been consistently shown to be positively associated with incident type 2 diabetes. Part of that association may be mediated by body iron status, which is influenced by genetic factors. We aimed to test for interactions of genetic and dietary factors influencing body iron status in relation to the risk of incident type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The case-cohort comprised 9,347 case subjects and 12,301 subcohort participants from eight European countries. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected from genome-wide association studies on iron status biomarkers and candidate gene studies. A ferritin-related gene score was constructed. Multiplicative and additive interactions of heme iron and SNPs as well as the gene score were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS Higher heme iron intake (per 1 SD) was associated with higher ferritin levels (β = 0.113 [95% CI 0.082; 0.144]), but not with transferrin (−0.019 [−0.043; 0.006]) or transferrin saturation (0.016 [−0.006; 0.037]). Five SNPs located in four genes (rs1799945 [HFE H63D], rs1800562 [HFE C282Y], rs236918 [PCK7], rs744653 [SLC40A1], and rs855791 [TMPRSS6 V736A]) were associated with ferritin. We did not detect an interaction of heme iron and the gene score on the risk of diabetes in the overall study population (Padd = 0.16, Pmult = 0.21) but did detect a trend toward a negative interaction in men (Padd = 0.04, Pmult = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS We found no convincing evidence that the interplay of dietary and genetic factors related to body iron status associates with type 2 diabetes risk above the level expected from the sum or product of the two individual exposures.
Pre-Transplant Psychosocial Assessment and Outcomes of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Adults
Authors: Sanghee Hong, Lisa Rybicki, Donna Abounader, Jane Dabney, Robert M. Dean, Aaron T. Gerds, Deepa Jagadeesh, Christine Lawrence, Betty K. Hamilton, Brian T. Hill, Hien K. Liu, Matt Kalaycio, Linda Mclellan, Brad Pohlman, Ronald Sobecks, Brian J. Bolwell, Navneet S. Majhail
Journal: Blood (2016)
Pediatric Use of Antipsychotic Medications Before and After Medicaid Peer Review Implementation
Authors: Julie M. Zito, Mehmet Burcu, Stephen McKean, Rob Warnock, Jeffrey Kelman
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2017)

With network analyses taking an astonishing flight in psychiatry, we recommend cautious application of group-level network density as a prognostic marker.Crucial steps to be taken by the field include further replication studies as well as indepth psychometric evaluation of the reliability and clinical correlates of network parameters.
Paludismo importado en el Reino Unido en 1996
Authors: D J Bradley, D C Warhurst, M Blaze, V Smith, J Williams
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1998)

Practicamente todas las infecciones por paludismo registradas en el Reino Unido (RU), en los ultimos anos, han sido adquiridas en el extranjero e importadas, a excepcion de dos casos ocurridos en 1976 debido a mosquitos infectados importados y de casos esporadicos de paludismo congenito o por transfusion.
Sorveglianza dell'HIV/AIDS in Europa: aggiornamento alla fine del 2000
Authors: F F Hamers, J Alix, C Semaille, H Pilkington, A M Downs
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2001)

Nell'Europa occidentale l'incidenza dell'AIDS e continuata a diminuire nel 2000, del 12% rispetto al 1999, mentre i tassi di nuove diagnosi di HIV non hanno mostrato una netta evoluzione malgrado un aumento nelle persone infettate per rapporto eterosessuale, tra le quali la maggioranza sono immigrati. Nell'Europa dell'Est, i tassi di nuove diagnosi di infezione da HIV sono in netta ascesa (principalmente tra i tossicodipendenti che fanno uso di droghe iniettabili), in particolare in Estonia, Lettonia e nella Federazione Russa. In Europa centrale i tassi di nuovi casi di AIDS e nuove diagnosi di HIV sono rimasti bassi.
When does deprivation motivate future-oriented thinking? The case of climate change
Authors: Adam R Pearson, Sander van der Linden
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract Pepper &amp; Nettle overstate cross-domain evidence of present-oriented thinking among lower-socioeconomic-status (SES) groups and overlook key social and contextual drivers of temporal decision making. We consider psychological research on climate change – a quintessential intertemporal problem that implicates inequities and extrinsic mortality risk – documenting more future-oriented thinking among low- compared to high-SES groups.
Abstract 20087: The Inflatable Mini Anne® Manikin May be Used as an Inexpensive Alternative to a Standard Life-size Resuscitation Manikin During Instructor-led BLS/AED Training - A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Camilla Bang, Anna-Sophie N Cordsen, Masja B Hoe, Stinne E Rasmussen, Mette A Nebsbjerg, Kasper G Lauridsen, Mathilde Stærk, Katrine Bjørnshave, Bo Løfgren
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: The inflatable and inexpensive Mini Anne® resuscitation manikin is widely used with a self-instruction video and allows dissemination of BLS/AED skills to large groups. The learning o...
GPs call for end to “local rationing” of prescribing
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Local healthcare commissioners should not be able to impose restrictions on general practitioners’ prescribing, GP leaders have demanded.

A motion passed at the conference of England’s local medical committees, which represent GPs, called on the Department of Health for England to undertake a national review of prescribing regulations and entitlements and for clinical commissioning groups to “remove pressure on GPs to reduce or limit clinically appropriate prescribing.”

The move came after numerous …
Impact of systolic blood pressure on the safety and tolerability of initiating and up‐titrating sacubitril/valsartan in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction: insights from the TITRATION study
Authors: Michele Senni, John J.V. McMurray, Rolf Wachter, Hugh F. McIntyre, Inder S. Anand, Vincenzo Duino, Arnab Sarkar, Victor Shi, Alan Charney
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2017)