tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Refined Analysis of Prostate-specific Antigen Kinetics to Predict Prostate Cancer Active Surveillance Outcomes
Authors: Matthew R. Cooperberg, James D. Brooks, Anna V. Faino, Lisa F. Newcomb, James T. Kearns, Peter R. Carroll, Atreya Dash, Ruth Etzioni, Michael D. Fabrizio, Martin E. Gleave, Todd M. Morgan, Peter S. Nelson, Ian M. Thompson, Andrew A. Wagner, Daniel W. Lin, Yingye Zheng
Journal: European Urology (2018)
Effect of adjuvant chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus folinic acid or gemcitabine vs observation on survival in patients with resected periampullary adenocarcinoma: the ESPAC-3 periampullary cancer randomized trial
Authors: JP Neoptolemos, MJ Moore, TF Cox, JW Valle, DH Palmer, AC McDonald, R Carter, NC Tebbutt, C Dervenis, D Smith, B Glimelius, RM Charnley, F Lacaine, Scarfe Ag, Middleton, A Anthoney, P Ghaneh, CM Halloran, MM Lerch, A Olah, CL Rawcliffe, CS Verbeke, F Campbell, MW Buchler
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2012)
Fixed Airways Obstruction In Smokers At 26 Years Of Age; An Early Indication Of COPD?
Authors: John W. Holloway, Claire Hodgekiss, Graham Roberts, Wilfried Karmaus, Hongmei Zhang, Susan Ewart, Linda S. Mansfield, Ramesh Jagath Kurukulaaratchy, Syed H. Arshad
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Beyond Burnout — Redesigning Care to Restore Meaning and Sanity for Physicians
Authors: Alexi A Wright, Ingrid T Katz
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Interview with Dr. Tait Shanafelt on causes of burnout and efforts to improve support for clinicians. (13:21)Download High burnout rates among physicians are taking a high financial and human toll. Burnout can undermine a physician’s sense of purpose and altruism and lead to substance use, depression, and suicidality. Some medical organizations are starting to tackle the challenge.
Abstract 18144: Mobile Phone Text Messaging Improves Antihypertensive Drug Adherence in the Community
Authors: Paola Varleta, Carlos Akel, Monica Acevedo, Claudia Salinas, Javier Pino, Ana Garcia, Carolina Echegoyen, Daniel Rodriguez, Hilda Hernandez, Pedro Cofré
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Hypertension is a major public health concern and the leading cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide. Prevalence of adequate blood pressure control is low and it is mainly associated to poor antihypertensive drug adherence. We hypothesized that education through mobile phone text messaging (SMS) would improve antihypertensive drug adherence in hypertensive patients followed in a primary care setting. Methods: Recently diagnosed hypertensive patients receiving antihypertensive drug treatment for less than 6 months were randomised to receive SMS related to improve drug adherence and to follow a healthy life style or no messages. Exclusion criteria were history of stroke, heart failure, myocardial infarction and hemodialysis. Patients were recruited from 12 different primary care clinics in Santiago, Chile, where free antihypertensive drug therapy was provided. All patients signed an informed consent after which a survey was performed. Compliance was assessed using Morinsky- Green-Levine Questionnaire.Text messages were sent every 12± 2 days. After a 6-month follow-up, a new survey was applied. An Ordinary Least Squares regression model was used to analyse the net difference between the two groups. Results: A total of 314 subjects were recruited, mean age 60 ±10 years, 35% male, 67% with low or medium educational level (≤12 years). Mean drug pill number was 2.1 per day and the mean time of drug prescription was 4±1 months; 150 subjects were randomised to text messages. No statistical difference between the control and the intervention groups in regards to gender, age, educational level, blood pressure and baseline compliance was found. Eleven patients were lost of follow-up. Adherence in the control group decreased from to 59,7 % at baseline to 51,7% ( p&lt;0,05) at 6 months. By contrast, in the intervention group, it increased from 50,9 % to 62,7 % ( p&lt;0,05). The absolute difference in mean adherence rate between the two groups was 19,8 % (Standard error: 0.081, p: 0.015). Conclusion: This study shows that education through SMS in patients with recently prescribed antihypertensive drugs improved adherence to treatment. SMS could become a good and easy- to- use intervention tool to overcome low adherence to drug treatments in the community.
Autologous Cell Therapy Approach for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy using PiggyBac Transposons and Mesoangioblasts
Authors: Pavithra S. Iyer, Lionel O. Mavoungou, Flavio Ronzoni, Joanna Zemla, Emanuel Schmid-Siegert, Stefania Antonini, Laurence A. Neff, Olivier M. Dorchies, Marisa Jaconi, Malgorzata Lekka, Graziella Messina, Nicolas Mermod
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2018)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal muscle-wasting disease currently without cure. We investigated the use of the PiggyBac transposon for full-length dystrophin expression in murine mesoangioblast (MABs) progenitor cells. DMD murine MABs were transfected with transposable expression vectors for full-length dystrophin and transplanted intramuscularly or intra-arterially into mdx/SCID mice. Intra-arterial delivery indicated that the MABs could migrate to regenerating muscles to mediate dystrophin expression. Intramuscular transplantation yielded dystrophin expression in 11%–44% of myofibers in murine muscles, which remained stable for the assessed period of 5 months. The satellite cells isolated from transplanted muscles comprised a fraction of MAB-derived cells, indicating that the transfected MABs may colonize the satellite stem cell niche. Transposon integration site mapping by whole-genome sequencing indicated that 70% of the integrations were intergenic, while none was observed in an exon. Muscle resistance assessment by atomic force microscopy indicated that 80% of fibers showed elasticity properties restored to those of wild-type muscles. As measured in vivo, transplanted muscles became more resistant to fatigue. This study thus provides a proof-of-principle that PiggyBac transposon vectors may mediate full-length dystrophin expression as well as functional amelioration of the dystrophic muscles within a potential autologous cell-based therapeutic approach of DMD.
Daratumumab in Combination with Pomalidomide and Dexamethasone for Relapsed and/or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM) Patients with ≥2 Prior Lines of Therapy: Updated Analysis of MMY1001
Authors: Thierry Facon, Sagar Lonial, Brendan M Weiss, Attaya Suvannasankha, Joseph Fay, Bertrand Arnulf, Jainulabdeen J Ifthikharuddin, Carla de Boer, Jianping Wang, Kaida Wu, Ajai Chari, Suzanne Lentzsch, Jordan Schecter, Amrita Krishnan
Journal: Blood (2017)
Abstract 17757: Use of Mechanical and Non-Invasive Ventilation in STEMI: 12-year Trends and Prognostic Impact From the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Thomas Metkus, Aiham Albaeni, Nisha Chandra-Strobos, Shaker Eid
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction:  There are few data detailing the incidence and prognostic impact of the use of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in acute ischemic heart disease.   Hypothesis:  The use of IMV and NIV in STEMI is common and such patients are at a higher risk of mortality.   Methods:  We used the National Inpatient Sample to characterize the use of IMV and NIV in patients with STEMI over a 12-year period. STEMI, IMV, and NIV use were identified using ICD-9-CM codes. Patients with STEMI who required IMV or NIV within 24 hours of hospital admission were compared to those who received neither modality. Cox proportional hazard regression was performed to quantify the magnitude of associated hazard for in-hospital mortality in patients requiring IMV and NIV.   Results:  Of 1,867,114 STEMI patients included, 72,220 were treated with IMV (3.9%) and 7030 were treated with NIV (0.4%). The use of both IMV and NIV in STEMI increased over 12 years (Figure: P    Conclusion:  Approximately 1 in 23 patients with STEMI will require respiratory support with noninvasive or mechanical ventilation, and the incidence is increasing over time. Need for respiratory support in STEMI patients confers adverse prognosis. Studies to optimize care and to identify the optimal mode of respiratory support for acute MI patients are needed.
Development and validation of outcome prediction models for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: the SAHIT multinational cohort study
Authors: Blessing N R Jaja, Gustavo Saposnik, Hester F Lingsma, Erin Macdonald, Kevin E Thorpe, Muhammed Mamdani, Ewout W Steyerberg, Andrew Molyneux, Airton Leonardo de Oliveira Manoel, Bawarjan Schatlo, Daniel Hanggi, David Hasan, George K C Wong, Nima Etminan, Hitoshi Fukuda, James Torner, Karl L Schaller, Jose I Suarez, Martin N Stienen, Mervyn D I Vergouwen, Gabriel J E Rinkel, Julian Spears, Michael D Cusimano, Michael Todd, Peter Le Roux, Peter Kirkpatrick, John Pickard, Walter M van den Bergh, Gordon Murray, S Claiborne Johnston, Sen Yamagata, Stephan Mayer, Tom A Schweizer, R Loch Macdonald
Journal: BMJ (2018)

To develop and validate a set of practical prediction tools that reliably estimate the outcome of subarachnoid haemorrhage from ruptured intracranial aneurysms (SAH).Cohort study with logistic regression analysis to combine predictors and treatment modality.Subarachnoid Haemorrhage International Trialists' (SAHIT) data repository, including randomised clinical trials, prospective observational studies, and hospital registries.Researchers collaborated to pool datasets of prospective observational studies, hospital registries, and randomised clinical trials of SAH from multiple geographical regions to develop and validate clinical prediction models.Predicted risk of mortality or functional outcome at three months according to score on the Glasgow outcome scale.Clinical prediction models were developed with individual patient data from 10 936 patients and validated with data from 3355 patients after development of the model. In the validation cohort, a core model including patient age, premorbid hypertension, and neurological grade on admission to predict risk of functional outcome had good discrimination, with an area under the receiver operator characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.78 to 0.82). When the core model was extended to a "neuroimaging model," with inclusion of clot volume, aneurysm size, and location, the AUC improved to 0.81 (0.79 to 0.84). A full model that extended the neuroimaging model by including treatment modality had AUC of 0.81 (0.79 to 0.83). Discrimination was lower for a similar set of models to predict risk of mortality (AUC for full model 0.76, 0.69 to 0.82). All models showed satisfactory calibration in the validation cohort.The prediction models reliably estimate the outcome of patients who were managed in various settings for ruptured intracranial aneurysms that caused subarachnoid haemorrhage. The predictor items are readily derived at hospital admission. The web based SAHIT prognostic calculator (http://sahitscore.com) and the related app could be adjunctive tools to support management of patients.
Granulomonocytic Progenitors (GMPs) Are Key Target Cells of Azacitidine in MDS and AML
Authors: Ashfaq Ali, Justine Penneroux, Reinaldo Dal Bello, Aline Massé, Samuel Quentin, Ashwin Unnikrishnan, Lucie Hernandez, Emmanuel Raffoux, Raouf Benabelali, Aline Renneville, Claude Preudhomme, John Pimanda, Herve Dombret, Jean Soulier, Pierre Fenaux, Emmanuelle Clappier, Lionel Ades, Raphael Itzykson
Journal: Blood (2017)
Evidence for multiple sylvatic transmission cycles during the 2016–2017 yellow fever virus outbreak, Brazil
Authors: A. Moreira-Soto, M.C. Torres, M.C. Lima de Mendonça, M.A. Mares-Guia, C.D. dos Santos Rodrigues, A.A. Fabri, C.C. dos Santos, E.S. Machado Araújo, C. Fischer, R.M. Ribeiro Nogueira, C. Drosten, P. Carvalho Sequeira, J.F. Drexler, A.M. Bispo de Filippis
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2018)

Since December 2016, Brazil has experienced an unusually large outbreak of yellow fever (YF). Whether urban transmission may contribute to the extent of the outbreak is unclear. The objective of this study was to characterize YF virus (YFV) genomes and to identify spatial patterns to determine the distribution and origin of YF cases in Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro, the most affected Brazilian states during the current YFV outbreak.We characterized near-complete YFV genomes from 14 human cases and two nonhuman primates (NHP), sampled from February to April 2017, retrieved epidemiologic data of cases and used a geographic information system to investigate the geospatial spread of YFV.All YFV strains were closely related. On the basis of signature mutations, we identified two cocirculating YFV clusters. One was restricted to the hinterland of Espírito Santo state, and another formed a coastal cluster encompassing several hundred kilometers. Both clusters comprised strains from humans living in rural areas and NHP. Another NHP lineage clustered in a basal relationship. No signs of adaptation of YFV strains to human hosts were detected.Our data suggest sylvatic transmission during the current outbreak. Additionally, cocirculation of two distinct YFV clades occurring in humans and NHP suggests the existence of multiple sylvatic transmission cycles. Increased detection of YFV might be facilitated by raised awareness for arbovirus-mediated disease after Zika and chikungunya virus outbreaks. Further surveillance is required, as reemergence of YFV from NHPs might continue and facilitate the appearance of urban transmission cycles.
Zika virus–related neurotropic flaviviruses infect human placental explants and cause fetal demise in mice
Authors: Derek J. Platt, Amber M. Smith, Nitin Arora, Michael S. Diamond, Carolyn B. Coyne, Jonathan J. Miner
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2018)

West Nile and Powassan viruses cause fetal demise in mice and replicate in human placental tissue.
Improvement of Relative Survival in Elderly Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Emerging from Population-Based Cancer Registries in Switzerland from 2001-2013
Authors: Annatina Schnegg-Kaufmann, Anita Feller, Helen Boldomero, Alicia Rovó, Markus G Manz, Michael Gregor, Anna Efthymiou, Mario Bargetzi, Urs Hess, Olivier Spertini, Yves Chalandon, Jakob R. Passweg, Georg Stuessi, Volker Arndt, Nicolas Bonadies
Journal: Blood (2017)
Neutrophils drive type I interferon production and autoantibodies in patients with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Authors: Karla E. Cervantes-Luevano, Nicoletta Caronni, Maria C. Castiello, Elena Fontana, Giulia M. Piperno, Asma Naseem, Paolo Uva, Marita Bosticardo, Genni E. Marcovecchio, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Maria P. Cicalese, Alessandro Aiuti, Anna Villa, Federica Benvenuti
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Abstract 18469: Syncope in the Pediatric Emergency Department - Can We Predict Cardiac Disease Based on History Alone?
Authors: David M Hurst, Daniel Hirsh, Matthew Oster, Alex Ehrlich, Robert Campbell, William Mahle, Michael Mallory, Heather Phelps
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Objective: The AHA published a statement on the evaluation of syncope in 2006 which stated that a "meticulous history" is of paramount importance when evaluating patients with an initial episode of syncope. However, little is known about which features of the history are most helpful in identifying children with undiagnosed cardiac syncope. Our objective was 1) to describe in a pediatric ED the burden of syncope due to cardiac disease and 2) to identify the historical features which are associated with an underlying cardiac diagnosis. We hypothesized that patients with cardiac syncope would present with at least two of the following four historical features: syncope with exercise, syncope preceded by palpitations, syncope without prodrome, or syncope with exercise preceded by chest pain. Methods: Using a cohort of patients who presented with syncope to our pediatric ED between May 1, 2009 and February 28, 2013, we 1) performed a cross-sectional study to describe the burden of cardiac syncope and 2) determined the sensitivity and specificity of our identified historical features with regard to identifying patients with cardiac syncope. Results: Of 3624 patients, 43.3% were male presenting at a mean age of 12.7 +/- 7.3 years. Of 67 (1.8%) with a cardiac diagnosis, 52 were previously known. Of the 15 new cardiac diagnoses, 12 were considered incidental. Three patients (0.11%) had a newly confirmed cardiac cause of syncope; two with supraventricular tachycardia and one with myocarditis. Among the three cases of cardiac syncope and 50 randomly selected cases of non-cardiac syncope, the respective sensitivity and specificity of the historical features were 67% and 100% for syncope with exercise, 100% and 98% for syncope preceded by palpitations, 67% and 70% for syncope without prodrome, and 67% and 100% for chest pain preceding syncope. Using the presence of at least 2 of the features as a marker for cardiac syncope yielded a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 100%. Conclusions: Our study represents the largest series of pediatric patients presenting with syncope to an ED and our data confirms that newly diagnosed cardiac causes of syncope are rare. Furthermore, use of a few specific historical features on initial interview can help guide further workup more precisely.
Extracellular vesicle-derived DNA for performing EGFR genotyping of NSCLC patients
Authors: Jae Young Hur, Hee Joung Kim, Jong Sik Lee, Chang-Min Choi, Jae Cheol Lee, Min Kyo Jung, Chan Gi Pack, Kye Young Lee
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2018)

Tumor cells shed an abundance of extracellular vesicles (EVs) to body fluids containing bioactive molecules including DNA, RNA, and protein. Investigations in the field of tumor-derived EVs open a new horizon in understanding cancer biology and its potential as cancer biomarkers as well as platforms for personalized medicine. This study demonstrates that successfully isolated EVs from plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients contain DNA that can be used for EGFR genotyping through liquid biopsy. In both plasma and BALF samples, liquid biopsy results using EV DNA show higher accordance with conventional tissue biopsy compared to the liquid biopsy of cfDNA. Especially, liquid biopsy with BALF EV DNA is tissue-specific and extremely sensitive compared to using cfDNA. Furthermore, use of BALF EV DNA also demonstrates higher efficiency in comparison to tissue rebiopsy for detecting p.T790 M mutation in the patients who developed resistance to EGFR-TKIs. These finding demonstrate possibility of liquid biopsy using EV DNA potentially replacing the current diagnostic methods for more accurate, cheaper, and faster results.
Essentials of Respiratory Medicine
Journal: Thorax (1988)

Book notices ing the tumour to be composed predominantly of cartilage but with epithelial structures, fat, and fibromuscular tissues.Eight years later a repeat chest radiograph showed an opacity in a similar position and at subsequent exploration a further nodule was removed from the area of scar tissue at the site of previous surgery.This again was confirmed histologically as being a chondromatous hamartoma.The appearance of an opacity at the site of a previous hamartoma should not, however, be assumed to be a recurrence as there must be a possibility of scar carcinoma.
Abstract 21014: Respiratory-Gated Auricular Vagal Nerve Stimulation Lowers Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Ronald G Garcia, Roberta Sclocco, Aileen Gabriel, Vitaly Napadow, Riccardo Barbieri
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Despite the benefits of existing blood pressure lowering drugs, approximately 50% of hypertensive patients are inadequately controlled while taking medications. Autonomic nervous system dysfunction is associated with the development and progression of hypertension, and neurostimulation devices that target sympathetic or vagal modulation have been suggested as potential novel treatments for this disorder. Hypothesis: In this study, we assessed the hypothesis that respiratory gated transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (RAVANS tVNS) reduces blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Methods: Twelve hypertensive subjects (53.2 ± 5.8 years, 7 males) with persistent high blood pressure levels despite current antihypertensive treatment were enrolled in the study. Participants underwent two experimental sessions on non-consecutive days. In each session subjects were evaluated during an initial rest period followed by RAVANS or sham tVNS stimulation. Electrodes were placed over vagal innervated regions in the ear (cymba concha). RAVANS tVNS was delivered for 15 minutes at 25 Hz (pulse width: 15 ms), and gated in real time to exhalation. Sham stimulation was delivered with the current generator shut off, without the subjects’ knowledge. Measurement of blood pressure levels by continuous beat-to-beat recordings were performed with a Finometer device (Finapress Medical System, the Netherlands). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) levels were computed over the rest and stimulation periods and were compared between groups. Results: No significant baseline differences in MAP levels were found between groups (104.9 ± 7.6 mmHg vs 103.6 ± 6.1 mmHg, p=0.6). Administration of exhalatory-gated RAVANS tVNS resulted in a significant reduction of MAP values compared to Sham tVNS (-4.1 ± 7.0 mmHG vs 2.6 ± 5.6 mmHg, p=0.02), whereas no significant effects in heart rate or respiratory frequency were observed. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that exhalatory-gated RAVANS tVNS has a significant effect in the acute reduction of blood pressure levels in hypertensive patients. These promising results support a potential role of this intervention in the treatment of hypertension, however further longitudinal studies will be required to test this hypothesis.
Perioperative lipid-enriched enteral nutrition versus standard care in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery (SANICS II): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Emmeline G Peters, Boudewijn J J Smeets, Jesper Nors, Christian M Back, Jonas A Funder, Thorbjørn Sommer, Søren Laurberg, Uffe S Løve, Wouter K G Leclercq, Gerrit D Slooter, Tammo S de Vries Reilingh, Johannes A Wegdam, Grard A P Nieuwenhuijzen, Mickaël Hiligsmann, Marc P Buise, Willem A Buurman, Wouter J de Jonge, Harm J T Rutten, Misha D P Luyer
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2018)
Systems biology and in vitro validation identifies family with sequence similarity 129 member A (FAM129A) as an asthma steroid response modulator
Authors: Michael J. McGeachie, George L. Clemmer, Boris Hayete, Heming Xing, Karl Runge, Ann Chen Wu, Xiaofeng Jiang, Quan Lu, Bruce Church, Iya Khalil, Kelan Tantisira, Scott Weiss
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Virtual and Augmented Reality Put a Twist on Medical Education
Authors: Bridget M. Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2018)

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