tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Androgen deprivation therapy alone or with docetaxel in hormone naive metastatic prostate cancer: Meta-analysis of randomized phase III trials.
Authors: Jamal Zekri, Imran Ahmad, Saba Imtiaz, Rawan Al-Saadi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e16526 Background: Results of trials investigating the addition of docetaxel (D) to Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in patients with hormone naïve metastatic prostate cancer are inconsistent. We conducted an aggregated data meta-analysis of reported phase III randomized controlled trials assessing the efficacy of this approach. Methods: Three trials (CHAARTED, GETUG-15 & STAMPEDE) were identified. Only patients with M1 disease were included. Random effect model analysis using comprehensive meta-analysis version 3.0 was performed. Random effect model was selected due to differences in sample sizes. The primary endpoint of interest was overall survival (OS). Results: The trials included a total of 2261 patients with M1 disease. Median follow up ranged between 29 and 50 months. ADT+D improved OS compared to ADT alone (OR 0.745: 95% CI: 0.60-0.93; P = 0.01). Conclusions: Overall, the addition of D to ADT improves OS compared to ADT alone. Individual patient meta-analysis is likely to identify subgroups of patients who benefit more from this approach.
Hepatitis B reactivation in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with interferon or pan‐oral direct‐acting antivirals
Authors: Jiaye Liu
Journal: Hepatology (2017)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. I read with strong interest the meta‐analysis by Chen et al.1 on hepatitis B reactivation in hepatitis B and C–coinfected patients treated with antiviral agents. A sound and credible meta‐analysis could have great benefits for public health and clinical practice. I have some comments on several aspects of this study. First, in this study, the primary endpoint was hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation. However, the definition of HBV reactivation varied across included studies, involving at least five different definitions of reactivation. The pooled estimated rates of HBV reactivation and hepatitis due to HBV reactivation may not reflect the real risk proportions of antiviral agents on HBV reactivation in hepatitis B and C–coinfected patients. Second, Chen et al. reported that patients with direct‐acting antiviral (DAA)‐based therapies were more likely to report hepatitis due to HBV reactivation compared with patients treated with interferon‐based therapy. However, this result was only based on two studies using DAA‐based therapies. Furthermore, the total number of subjects treated with DAA‐based therapies in the two studies was only 18, and the heterogeneity was quite high (I2 = 92.11%). In addition, the varied definitions of HBV reactivation, the nonrandomized controlled study design, and the variations in hepatitis C virus and HBV genotype may also have affected the results. Thus, the results and conclusion could be supported only by low‐quality evidence. Third, some studies have shown that, in the setting of chemotherapy and immunosuppression, high baseline levels of serum HBV DNA are predictive of HBV reactivation.2 In contrast, Chen et al. found that baseline levels of HBV DNA were not associated with HBV reactivation during the DAA‐based therapies; however, this conclusion was based on only eight cases whose baseline level of HBV DNA varied from undetectable to high (1.1 × 106 IU/mL). Further analysis on the incidence of HBV reactivation among patients with different baseline levels of HBV DNA may yield alternative conclusions. Author names in bold designate shared co‐first authorship
Estrogen and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial.
Authors: Sayeh Moazami Lavasani, Rowan T. Chlebowski, Ross L Prentice, Ikuko Kato, Jean Wactawski-Wende, Karen Johnson, Alicia Young, F Allan Hubbell, Michael S. Simon
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

3594 Background: The preponderance of observational studies associate estrogen alone use with lower colorectal cancer incidence. In contrast, no difference in colorectal cancer incidence was seen in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized, controlled trial (RCT) of estrogen versus placebo after 7.1 years mean intervention. We now assess the influence of estrogen alone use on longer-term colorectal cancer incidence and mortality after an additional 5.6 years post-intervention follow-up. Methods: The WHI study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 10,739 postmenopausal women who had undergone prior hysterectomy and who were randomly assigned to receive daily 0.625 conjugated equine estrogen (n = 5279) or matching placebo (n = 5409). Colorectal cancer diagnosis rates and mortality were assessed after a mean of 7.1 years (standard deviation [SD] 1.1) of intervention and 12.7 years follow-up. Results: Colorectal cancer incidence in the treatment and control groups were almost equivalent, 0.15% diagnoses/year v 0.13% in the estrogen therapy arm and the placebo group, respectively (Hazard ratio [HR], 1.12; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.83-1.52; P = 0.46). Bowel screening examinations were comparable in both groups throughout. For women age 70-79 at study entry, hormone therapy was associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, HR 1.71; 95% CI, (1.02-2.86). For women age 50-59 and 60-69, the respective HR’s and 95% CI were 0.86 (0.43-1.71) and 0.98 (0.64-1.49), p-interaction 0.165. For women with a waist circumference of &gt; 88 cm, there was an increased risk of colorectal cancer, HR 1.53; 95% CI, 0.95-2.45 compared to 0.95 (0.66-1.39) for waist circumference of &lt; 88 cm, p-interaction 0.124. Although not statistically significant, there was a higher number of colorectal cancer deaths in the hormone therapy arm (33 v 24 deaths; 0.05% v 0.04%; HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.84-2.41; P = 0.19). Conclusions: There were no significant differences in colorectal cancer incidence or mortality after long-term follow-up in the WHI RCT of conjugated equine estrogen. There was a suggestion of an elevation in colorectal cancer risk among older women randomized to estrogen. Clinical trial information: NCT00000611.
Desenvolvimentos na variante da doença de Creutzfeldt Jakob
Authors: O N Gill
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2000)

O anuncio, em 17 de Julho de 2000, de que a taxa de aumento da incidencia da variante da doenca de Creutzfeldt Jakob (nvDCJ) no Reino Unido (RU) tinha atingido um significância estatistica torna este numero do Eurosurveillance particularmente actual1. Esta a ser investigado um aglomerado de cinco casos, incluindo um caso provavel, numa area localizada2. Desde a morte do primeiro caso, em 1995, foram apurados 76 casos de nvDCJ confirmados e provaveis. A incidencia esta a aumentar em cerca de 20% a 30% por ano. O Comite de Aconselhamento sobre a Encefalopatia Espongiforme (Spongiform Encephalopathy Advisory Committee) do RU concluiu, no entanto, que ainda e muito cedo para saber se esta tendencia de aumento se mantera ou para prever as dimensoes finais da epidemia da nnvDCJ1.
Vitamin E TPGS-modified paclitaxel: synthesis, characterizations, in vitro activities
Authors: Priscilla Lee, Si-Shen Feng
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

1438  Among various anticancer drugs, paclitaxel possesses excellent therapeutic effects against various cancers such as breast and ovarian cancers. However, its extremely low solubility hampers its clinical administration. Currently an adjuvant, Cremophor EL, is used to increase the solubility of paclitaxel, which causes severe side effects. In order to deal with this problem to improve patients’ quality of life, various strategies were employed to deal with the limited solubility of paclitaxel. One of the strategies is the utilization of prodrugs. Greenwald et.al. has conjugated poly(ethylene glycol) with paclitaxel with which improved water solubility and reduced toxicity of the administration medium were achieved.1 Our previous research shows that with the help of vitamin E TPGS, cellular uptake of the drug-loaded nanoparticle could be significantly increased.2 We are hereby presenting a novel prodrug, formulated by conjugation of paclitaxel with vitamin E d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate. The synthetic scheme is shown in scheme 1. The characterizations and in vitro experiments will be presented in detail. Scheme 1. Conjugation of vitamin E TPGS with paclitaxel. Reference: 1. Greenwald, R. B.; Gilbert, C. W.; Pendri, A.; Conover, C. D.; Xia, J. Martinez, A. J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 424. 2. (a) Mu. L.; Feng, S. S. J. Control. Release, 2002, 80, 129. (b) Mu, L.; Feng, S. S. J. Control. Release, 2003, 86, 33. (c) Mu. L.; Feng. S. S. Pharm. Res. 2003, 20, 1864. (d) Feng, S. S.; Mu. L.; Win, K. Y.; Huang. G. Curr. Med. Chem. 2004, 11, 413.
TCT-409 Optical coherence tomography surveillance of tissue coverage at six months after stenting for acute myocardial infarction with bioabsorbable vascular scaffolds in the ISAR-Absorb MI trial
Authors: Himanshu Rai, Fernando Alfonso, Michael Maeng, Jens Wiebe, Javier Cuesta Cuesta, Evald Christiansen, Petra Hoppmann, Sebastian Kufner, Simon Schneider, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz, Adnan Kastrati, Robert Byrne
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Treating the “Wake-up Call” of Alcohol Use
Authors: Payel Jhoom Roy, Christopher Worsham
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Accuracy of Models to Identify Lung Nodule Cancer Risk in the National Lung Screening Trial
Authors: Viswam S. Nair, Vandana Sundaram, Manisha Desai, Michael K. Gould
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2017)

Lung Gene Expression Analysis web portal (11), we found that all the genes in Table 2 except CD97 were expressed in the human lung, but only MRPL44 (mitochondrial ribosomal protein L44), NOC3L (NOC3-like DNA replication regulator), and ABL1 (ABL protooncogene 1, nonreceptor tyrosine kinase) were expressed by lung immune cells.The small sample size of our case cohort and the lack of a replication cohort created significant limitations for this study and reflect the rarity of this disease.These data should be viewed as exploratory, pending replication in an independent cohort.However, our results suggest that FM may have a genetic basis and open the door for future investigations into the genetic underpinnings of this enigmatic disease.
Incidence and clinical relevance of ESR1 mutations in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer patients
Authors: Takashi Takeshita, Mai Tomiguchi, Aiko Sueta, Sumiko Nishimura, Yoshitaka Fujiki, Risa Goto, Mutsuko Ibusuki, Yutaka Yamamoto, Hirotaka Iwase
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
End-of-season influenza vaccine effectiveness in adults and children, United Kingdom, 2016/17
Authors: Richard Pebody, Fiona Warburton, Joanna Ellis, Nick Andrews, Alison Potts, Simon Cottrell, Arlene Reynolds, Rory Gunson, Catherine Thompson, Monica Galiano, Chris Robertson, Naomh Gallagher, Mary Sinnathamby, Ivelina Yonova, Ana Correa, Catherine Moore, Muhammad Sartaj, Simon de Lusignan, Jim McMenamin, Maria Zambon
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2017)

IntroductionThe United Kingdom is in the fourth season of introducing a universal childhood influenza vaccine programme. The 2016/17 season saw early influenza A(H3N2) virus circulation with care home outbreaks and increased excess mortality particularly in those 65 years or older. Virus characterisation data indicated emergence of genetic clusters within the A(H3N2) 3C.2a group which the 2016/17 vaccine strain belonged to. Methods: The test-negative case-control (TNCC) design was used to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) against laboratory confirmed influenza in primary care. Results: Adjusted end-of-season vaccine effectiveness (aVE) estimates were 39.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 23.1 to 52.8) against all influenza and 40.6% (95% CI: 19.0 to 56.3) in 18-64-year-olds, but no significant aVE in ≥ 65-year-olds. aVE was 65.8% (95% CI: 30.3 to 83.2) for 2-17-year-olds receiving quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine. Discussion: The findings continue to provide support for the ongoing roll-out of the paediatric vaccine programme, with a need for ongoing evaluation. The importance of effective interventions to protect the ≥ 65-year-olds remains.
Serum gastrin in duodenal ulcer: Part I Basal levels and effect of food and atropine
Authors: M. G. Korman, C. Soveny, J. Hansky
Journal: Gut (1971)

Fasting serum gastrin has been measured by radioimmunoassay in 72 patients with duodenal ulcer and compared with that in normals, patients with gastric ulcer, and with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The mean (± SEM) gastrin levels were 15·7 ± 1·5 pg/ml in the duodenal ulcer group, 32·1 ± 4·3 pg/ml in normals, 118 ± 18·1 pg/ml in gastric ulcer, and between 450 and 2,000 pg/ml in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. There were no difficulties in distinguishing simple ulcer from the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome as the presence of hyperchlorhydria in combination with hypergastrinaemia led to a confident diagnosis of the latter disease. The effect of protein, glucose, and cream feeding with and without atropine was also assessed in a group of these patients with duodenal ulcer. As in normals, there was no stimulation of gastrin release by either atropine alone, distilled water, glucose, or cream. However, protein alone produced a greater rise in serum gastrin levels compared with that in normals and prior atropinization augmented this response greatly in duodenal ulcer. This indicates an increased amount of releasable gastrin in the latter disease, the release of which, under basal conditions, is suppressed by the high acidity in the antrum.
TCT-267 Pacemaker-related complications in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a single-center experience
Authors: Giuseppe Lanzillo, Letizia Bertoldi, Claudio Montalto, Matteo Pagnesi, Richard Jabbour, Satoru Mitomo, Francesco Giannini, Damiano Regazzoli, Marco Ancona, Matteo Montorfano, Alaide Chieffo, Antonio Colombo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Journal: Thorax (1986)

mediastinal shift to the right and opacification of the left hemithorax, with multiple lucent areas consistent with plombage (figure).A provisional diagnosis of acute aortic arch aneurysm was made and after appropriate anti- hypertensive treatment had been started an aortogram was performed; this, however, appeared normal.A diagnosis of infected plombage was therefore entertained.To explore this a posterolateral thoracotomy was per- formed through the bed of the 5th rib.The chest was entered extrapleurally and lucite balls were felt, embedded in a tough cartilagenous mass.Attempts to free them by tentative finger dissection resulted in a sudden, uncontrollable gush of arterial blood.Despite urgent efforts to establish cardio- pulmonary bypass the patient exsanguinated and died on the table.Even after death it was not possible to remove the remaining balls with any ease; but the postmortem exam- ination showed that one ball had eroded into the aortic arch, resulting in a false aneurysm.Fortunately, in Mr Ashour's patient the plomb was ensheathed in a polythene bag and therefore resulted in less damage.In the future, if this diagnosis is suspected, we sug- gest that computed tomography should be performed.Moreover, cardiopulmonary bypass should be established, perhaps by femoral cannulation, before any exploration is undertaken.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the breast: a review of 6 cases including 3 patients with a history of autoimmune diseases
Authors: Honoka Arai, Motoshi Ichikawa, Shiho Furuichi, Fusako Nagasawa, Wataru Takahashi, Tomoyuki Handa, Yuko Nakamura, Yuka Nakamura, Ko Sasaki, Kinuko Mitani
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Ideal target for psoriatic arthritis? Comparison of remission and low disease activity states in a real-life cohort
Authors: Leonieke J J van Mens, Marleen G H van de Sande, Arno W R van Kuijk, Dominique Baeten, Laura C Coates
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

Background Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) recommendations state that the target of treatment should be remission or low disease activity (LDA). We used a real-life dataset to compare different potential targets. Methods 250 patients with PsA considered in an acceptable disease state according to their rheumatologist were included. Targets for remission were the Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) and clinical DAPSA (cDAPSA) remission (≤4), very low disease activity (VLDA) and Psoriatic Arthritis Disease Activity Score ≤1.9. LDA targets analysed were the DAPSA ≤14, cDAPSA ≤13, minimal disease activity (MDA) and adjusted MDA targets: MDAjoints with both tender joint count (TJC) and swollen joint count (SJC) mandated, MDAskin (psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) mandated) and MDAjoints&amp;skin with TJC, SJC and PASI mandated. Results Comparison of the several candidate targets demonstrates that VLDA is achieved by the lowest proportion of patients and includes patients with the lowest residual disease activity compared with the other remission targets. The modified MDA measures are the most stringent targets for LDA in terms of residual disease on joints, psoriasis and enthesitis within patients achieving the target. In both remission and LDA, the inclusion of C reactive protein did not show an added value. The exclusion of a skin domain, as in the DAPSA measures, resulted in negligence of skin disease and a negative impact on the quality of life in some patients. Conclusions The different remission and LDA targets show us significant overlap between measures, but these measures targeting the same definition do differ in terms of allowance of residual disease. Inclusion of laboratory markers seems unnecessary, although exclusion of a skin domain may result in psoriasis not being assessed resulting in residual impactful skin disease.
TCT-294 Optical Coherence Tomography or Intravascular ultrasound guided PCI leads to superior clinical outcomes in comparison to conventional Coronary Angiography: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Sukhchain Singh, Daniela Kovacs, Sneha Parmar, Rohit Arora, Sandeep Khosla
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Chronic rhinosinusitis: Endotypes, biomarkers, and treatment response
Authors: Jose Gurrola, Larry Borish
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2017)

It is increasingly recognized that chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) comprises a spectrum of different diseases with distinct clinical presentations and pathogenic mechanisms. Defining the distinct phenotypes and endotypes of CRS affects prognosis and, most importantly, is necessary as the basis for making therapeutic decisions. The need for individualized definitions of pathogenic mechanisms before initiating therapy extends to virtually all therapeutic considerations. This is clearly crucial with antibiotics, where, barring an influence from their off-target anti-inflammatory pharmacologic effects, an understanding of the role of the individual biome predicts likelihood of therapeutic benefit. However, this need for identifying individual phenotypes and endotypes also extends to the agent that is currently considered the mainstay of treatment of CRS, specifically glucocorticoids. As with asthma, it is recognized that a large minority of patients with CRS have a steroid-resistant phenotype, identification of which will preclude use of these agents with their potential side effects. Identification of endotypes is also becoming increasingly imperative because targeted biotherapeutic agents, such as anti-IgE and anti-cytokine antibodies, are becoming available. These agents are likely to benefit patients in whom the targeted mediator is not only expressed but demonstrably driving a central mechanism in that patient. In summary, the treatment of CRS is at an exciting crossroad. On the positive side, numerous therapeutics are in development that seem likely to have a positive effect in our patients with this condition. The challenge is that these therapies will require targeted individualized treatments based on identifying subjects with the relevant endotype.
History of Lymphoma
Authors: Jay Burton
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
EBOLA Ag K-SeT rapid test: field evaluation in Sierra Leone
Authors: F. Colavita, M. Biava, P. Mertens, Q. Gilleman, C. Borlon, M. Delli Guanti, A. Petrocelli, G. Cataldi, A.T. Kamara, S.A. Kamara, K. Konneh, D. Vincenti, C. Castilletti, S. Abdurahman, A. Mirazimi, M.R. Capobianchi, G. Ippolito, R. Miccio, A. Di Caro
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2017)
Comprehensive Analysis of Safety: Rigosertib in 557 Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Authors: Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Pierre Fenaux, Aref Al-Kali, Shyamala C. Navada, Maria R. Baer, Azra Raza, Peter Greenberg, Karl-Anton Kreuzer, Devendra K Hiwase, Gail J. Roboz, Valeria Santini, Uwe Platzbecker, Michael E. Petrone, Bernard Brownstein, Patrick Simon Zbyszewski, Manoj Maniar, Lewis R. Silverman
Journal: Blood (2016)