tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A woman with a 10 year history of abdominal pain
Authors: Jessica Richelieu, John WI Morse, David C Pfeiffer
Journal: BMJ (2018)

A 64 year old woman with a history of Still’s disease presented with more than 10 years of abdominal pain and bloating. Her symptoms were initially intermittent, but over the last six months they had worsened and she had experienced weight loss of 10 kg.

She recalled being told that she had a “leaky gut” by a health professional nine years ago, and that she was advised to follow a gluten-free diet. She believed her symptoms had improved after this, but over time she returned to her original diet and her symptoms eventually returned. Computed tomography scanning and abdominal ultrasound two years ago were normal. A hepatobiliary scan showed a borderline low gallbladder ejection fraction of 34%. She underwent an upper endoscopy to rule out the possibility of a peptic ulcer. No ulcer was found, but several small gastric fundal polyps were observed and biopsied. These were attributed to proton pump inhibitor (pantoprazole) use. Antral biopsies were normal but duodenal biopsies (figs 1 and 2) showed mild villus blunting and intraepithelial lymphocytosis. These were attributed to a disease of autoimmune origin; however, anti-transglutaminase (tTG) testing was negative. A colonoscopy revealed hyperplastic polyps, but was otherwise unremarkable.



Fig 1 
Duodenal biopsy showing mild villus blunting (arrows) (haematoxylin and eosin stain, original magnification×200)





Fig 2 
Duodenal biopsy showing intraepithelial lymphocytosis. Arrows indicate nuclei of representative lymphocytes (haematoxylin and eosin stain, original magnification×200) …
Neurocognitive, emotional, and quality of life outcomes in long-term survivors of rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS).
Authors: Melissa Schapiro, Robert J. Hayashi, Wei Liu, Deo Kumar Srivastava, Donna Jeffe, Stephanie Mabry Perkins, Gregory T. Armstrong, Leslie L. Robison, Marilyn Stovall, Wendy M. Leisenring, Kevin R. Krull
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

10072 Background: Previous studies of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) survivors have focused on outcomes related to chronic health conditions. We evaluated neurocognitive, emotional, and quality of life (QOL) outcomes of > 5-year survivors. Methods: 482 survivors diagnosed 1970-1986 (mean age [SD] 7.2 [5.4] years at diagnosis; 24.3 [4.8] years of follow-up) and 393 siblings from the CCSS rated their neurocognition, emotions, and QOL using the Neurocognitive Questionnaire (NCQ), Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18), and Medical Outcomes Short Form-36 (SF-36). Based on normative data, impairment was defined as the bottom 10th percentile of performance on the NCQ, the top 10th percentile of symptom prevalence on the BSI-18, and the bottom 15th percentile on each SF-36 subscale. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Survivors reported more impairment than siblings on NCQ task efficiency (p < 0.001), higher symptom prevalence on BSI-18 depression (13.3% vs. 8.1%, p = 0.020) and anxiety (7.9% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.038), and poorer QOL on all SF-36 subscales: physical (12.5% vs. 3.1%, p < 0.001), social (15.5% vs. 9.4%, p = 0.009), and emotional (19.2% vs. 13.5%, p = 0.030) functioning, pain (12.4% vs. 14.8%, p = 0.015), general health (26% vs. 11.5%, p < 0.001), vitality (27.6% vs. 20.6%, p = 0.022), and role limitations due to physical (17.4% vs. 9.9%, p = 0.002) and emotional (21.3% vs. 13%, p = 0.002) problems. Among survivors, women were more likely than men to report impaired vitality (OR 2.2, 1.3-3.5) and social functioning (OR 2.3, 1.3-4.3). Adjusting for age at diagnosis and sex, cranial radiation therapy was associated with poorer task efficiency (p = 0.004) and greater likelihood of depression (OR 2.0, 1.1-3.8). Survivors with recent use of antidepressants/anxiolytics reported significantly worse task efficiency and poorer QOL on all SF-36 subscales than survivors not using these medications. Conclusions: Adult RMS survivors demonstrate substantial long-term impairment of neurocognitive function, emotional status, and QOL, warranting clinical assessment and appropriate interventions.
ENDOSCOPIC TREATMENT OF HYDATID CYST FISTULIZED IN THE BILE DUCTS
Authors: I Nakhcha, M Borhma, E Feydi, I Benelbarhdadi, FZ Ajana
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Hepatic hydatidosis is a common pathology in Morocco, where it is endemic and constitutes a real public health problem. It is a benign disease but may become serious by its complications including fistulisation in the bile ducts, where it poses management problems.
The<i>in vitro</i>effect of nebulised hypertonic saline on human bronchial epithelium
Authors: Jennifer L. Goralski, Dan Wu, William R. Thelin, Richard C. Boucher, Brian Button
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

Inhaled hypertonic saline (HS) is an effective therapy for muco-obstructive lung diseases. However, the mechanism of action and principles pertinent to HS administration remain unclear. An in vitro system aerosolised HS to epithelial cells at rates comparable to in vivo conditions. Airway surface liquid (ASL) volume and cell height responses were measured by confocal microscopy under normal and hyperconcentrated mucus states. Aerosolised HS produced a rapid increase in ASL height and decrease in cell height. Added ASL volume was quickly reabsorbed following termination of nebulisation, although cell height did not recover within the same time frame. ASL volume responses to repeated HS administrations were blunted, but could be restored by a hypotonic saline bolus interposed between HS administrations. HS-induced ASL hydration was prolonged with hyperconcentrated mucus on the airway surface, with more modest reductions in cell volume. Aerosolised HS produced osmotically induced increases in ASL height that were limited by active sodium absorption and cell volume-induced reductions in cell water permeability. Mucus on airway surfaces prolonged the effect of HS via mucus-dependent osmotic forces, suggesting that the duration of action of HS is increased in patients with hyperconcentrated mucus.
Adénomes coliques ou rectaux de diamètre inférieur à 6mm: des polypes »négligeables«?
Authors: C Elie, S Lecleire, M Antonietti, I Iwanicki-Caron, F Lemoine, F Le Pessot, F Di Fiore, P Michel, P Ducrotté
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Introduction: Les polypes sessiles de moins de 6mm de diamètre ne sont détectés par le colo-scanner que dans 59% des cas (1). Or, l'American Society of Cancer (ASC) recommande une surveillance précoce par coloscopie (avant 3 ans) après la résection d'un adénome colique ou rectal lorsqu'au moins un des critères suivants est présent: diamètre &gt;1cm, multiplicité (3 adénomes ou plus), présence d'une dysplasie de haut grade ou d'un contingent villeux (2).
Overall Survival Benefit in Patients With Rituximab-Refractory Indolent Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Who Received Obinutuzumab Plus Bendamustine Induction and Obinutuzumab Maintenance in the GADOLIN Study
Authors: Bruce D. Cheson, Neil Chua, Jiri Mayer, Greg Dueck, Marek Trněný, Kamal Bouabdallah, Nathan Fowler, Vincent Delwail, Oliver Press (Deceased), Gilles Salles, John G. Gribben, Anne Lennard, Pieternella J. Lugtenburg, Günter Fingerle-Rowson, Federico Mattiello, Andrea Knapp, Laurie H. Sehn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

Purpose To perform an updated analysis of the randomized phase III GADOLIN trial in patients with rituximab-refractory indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with obinutuzumab (GA101; G) and bendamustine (B). Patients and Methods Patients with histologically documented, rituximab-refractory CD20 + indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma received G 1,000 mg (days 1, 8, and 15, cycle 1; day 1, cycles 2 to 6) plus B 90 mg/m 2 /d (days 1 and 2, all cycles) or B 120 mg/m 2 /d monotherapy. Patients who did not experience disease progression with G-B received G maintenance (1,000 mg every 2 months) for up to 2 years. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Results Of 413 randomly assigned patients (intention-to-treat [ITT]: G-B, n = 204; B monotherapy, n = 209), 335 had follicular lymphoma (FL; G-B, n = 164; B monotherapy, n = 171). After a median follow-up of 31.8 months, median PFS in ITT patients was 25.8 months (G-B) and 14.1 months (B monotherapy; hazard ratio [HR], 0.57; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.73; P &lt; .001). Overall survival (OS) also was prolonged (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.96; P = .027). PFS and OS benefits were similar in patients with FL. Grade 3 to 5 adverse events (AEs) were reported by 148 (72.5%) and 133 (65.5%) patients in the G-B and B monotherapy arms, respectively, most commonly neutropenia (G-B, 34.8%; B monotherapy, 27.1%), thrombocytopenia (10.8% and 15.8%), anemia (7.4% and 10.8%), and infusion-related reactions (9.3% and 3.4%). Serious AEs occurred in 89 G-B patients (43.6%) and 75 B monotherapy patients (36.9%); fatal AEs occurred in 16 (7.8%) and 13 (6.4%), respectively. Conclusion This updated analysis confirms the PFS benefit for G-B shown in the primary analysis. A substantial OS benefit also was demonstrated in the ITT population and in patients with FL. Toxicity was similar for both treatments.
Real World Outcomes of Newly Diagnosed High-Risk Multiple Myeloma Patients Treated at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Donna Reece, John Mikhaeil, Esther Masih-Khan, Eshetu G Atenafu, Christine I Chen, Vishal Kukreti, Anca Prica, Rodger Tiedemann, Suzanne Trudel
Journal: Blood (2017)
Esophageal sebaceous glands diagnosed after endoscopic mucosal resection
Authors: T. Sekita, S. Shikuwa, H. Isomoto, N. Yamaguchi, M. Ito, S. Kohno
Journal: Endoscopy (2007)

A 44-year-old woman with a duodenal ulcer underwent routine upper endoscopy; a yellow, oval, elevated lesion in the middle esophagus was found ([Figure 1]). The lesion was slightly stained with Lugol iodine solution. Endoscopic ultrasound revealed that the hypoechoic solid tumor was limited to the esophageal mucosa and submucosa. Biopsy specimens with conventional forceps were noncontributory, showing normal covering squamous epithelia. To obtain sufficient tissue, we performed endoscopic mucosal resection using a ligating device (EMRL [1]).
ETIOLOGIC PROFILE OF UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING IN CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
Authors: S Jamal, Y Touibi, S Morabit, F Bouhamou, F Miyabe, S Berrag, F Nejjari, M Tamzaourte, F Rouibaa, A Aourarh
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is more common in patients with chronic renal failure than in the general population. They are a source of serious health problems – even early deaths – for most patients with this condition. The purpose of our work is to report the different etiologies of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in these patients.
EVALUATION OF EPITHELIAL STEM CELLS IN ORAL VS. ESOPHAGEAL MUCOSA OF RAT
Authors: D Murakami, H Harada, Y Amano, M Yamato
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

We have successfully developed new regenerative medical approach for ectopic transplantation of autologous cultured oral epithelial cell sheets to prevent stenosis after extended esophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). The ectopic transplantation with oral mucosa is considered to be acceptable because the histological high affinity is found between oral and esophageal epithelia. However, the property of epithelial stem/progenitor cells (ESPC) of both mucosae have not been fully investigated. The middle esophagus is well known to be common site of esophageal cancer. Therefore, the oral mucosae may be safe since the oral cavity is far enough from the primary tumor in the esophagus. The aims of this study are to evaluate the safety of ectopic cultured epithelial cells in the transplantation and to clarify the difference of ESPC between esophageal and oral mucosae.
Abstract 12680: A Comparative Assessment of Echocardiographic Parameters for Determining Mitral Regurgitation Severity
Authors: Seth Uretsky, Edgar Argulian, Leo Marcoff, Konstantinos Koulogiannis, Azhar Supariwala, Mark Rosenthal, John M Brown, Ashadevi Jagarlamudi, Farooq Chaudhry, Hira Awan, Linda D Gillam, Steven D Wolff
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Guidelines suggest the use of several echocardiographic (Echo) parameters to assess mitral regurgitation (MR) severity using an integrated approach without guidance as how to weight each parameter. The aim of this study is to develop a hierarchy for Echo parameters of MR severity. Methods: This prospective study included 80 patients (63 ± 13 yrs, male 57%) with MR. Echo parameters including in this analysis were effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA), vena contracta (VC), LV EDD, color Doppler jet/LA area, the presence of a flail leaflet, and the presence of pulmonary vein wave systolic reversal. MR volume by MRI was calculated as the difference between the LV stroke volume and forward flow. A backward elimination multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine which Echo parameters predicted regurgitant volume by MRI. Results: Individual Echo parameters that correlated best with MR volume by MRI were EROA (r = 0.68, p &lt;0.0001), VC (r = 0.62, p &lt; 0.0001), and the presence of a flail (r = 0.48, p &lt; 0.0001) (figure 1). In the linear regression analysis, significant predictors of MR volume by MRI were EROA, VC and the presence of a flail with a moderate correlation with MR volume by MRI (overall model r = 0.72. p &lt;0.0001). LV EDD, color Doppler jet/LA area, and the presence of reversal of the pulmonary systolic wave having no effect on the model. Of the 3 parameters in the model, EROA correlated the best with MR volume by MRI, followed by VC and the presence of a flail leaflet. Conclusions: Echocardiographic parameters for assessing MR had only a moderate correlation with MR volume by MRI. The model that best predicted MR volume by MRI included EROA, VC, and the presence of a flail leaflet. EROA was the best at predicting MR volume by MRI, followed by VC and the presence of a flail leaflet. Not all of the recommended echocardiographic measures of MR severity were helpful in predicting MR volume by MRI. .
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in breast cancer: signaling, therapeutic implications and challenges
Authors: Ramesh Butti, Sumit Das, Vinoth Prasanna Gunasekaran, Amit Singh Yadav, Dhiraj Kumar, Gopal C. Kundu
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2018)

Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease and driven by aberrant regulation of cell signaling pathways due to the acquisition of genetic and epigenetic changes. An array of growth factors and their receptors is involved in cancer development and metastasis. Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) constitute a class of receptors that play important role in cancer progression. RTKs are cell surface receptors with specialized structural and biological features which respond to environmental cues by initiating appropriate signaling cascades in tumor cells. RTKs are known to regulate various downstream signaling pathways such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt and JAK/STAT. These pathways have a pivotal role in the regulation of cancer stemness, angiogenesis and metastasis. These pathways are also imperative for a reciprocal interaction of tumor and stromal cells. Multi-faceted role of RTKs renders them amenable to therapy in breast cancer. However, structural mutations, gene amplification and alternate pathway activation pose challenges to anti-RTK therapy.
Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes in Adults by Diabetes Type — United States, 2016
Authors: Kai McKeever Bullard, Catherine C. Cowie, Sarah E. Lessem, Sharon H. Saydah, Andy Menke, Linda S. Geiss, Trevor J. Orchard, Deborah B. Rolka, Giuseppina Imperatore
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

Currently 23 million U.S. adults have been diagnosed with diabetes (1). The two most common forms of diabetes are type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes results from the autoimmune destruction of the pancreas's beta cells, which produce insulin. Persons with type 1 diabetes require insulin for survival; insulin may be given as a daily shot or continuously with an insulin pump (2). Type 2 diabetes is mainly caused by a combination of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency (3). A small proportion of diabetes cases might be types other than type 1 or type 2, such as maturity-onset diabetes of the young or latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (3). Although the majority of prevalent cases of type 1 and type 2 diabetes are in adults, national data on the prevalence of type 1 and type 2 in the U.S. adult population are sparse, in part because of the previous difficulty in classifying diabetes by type in surveys (2,4,5). In 2016, supplemental questions to help distinguish diabetes type were added to the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) (6). This study used NHIS data from 2016 to estimate the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes among adults by primary type. Overall, based on self-reported type and current insulin use, 0.55% of U.S. adults had diagnosed type 1 diabetes, representing 1.3 million adults; 8.6% had diagnosed type 2 diabetes, representing 21.0 million adults. Of all diagnosed cases, 5.8% were type 1 diabetes, and 90.9% were type 2 diabetes; the remaining 3.3% of cases were other types of diabetes. Understanding the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes by type is important for monitoring trends, planning public health responses, assessing the burden of disease for education and management programs, and prioritizing national plans for future type-specific health services.
LONG VS SHORT POEM FOR THE TREATMENT OF ACHALASIA. INTERIM ANALYSIS OF A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: P Familiari, R Landi, F Borrelli De Andreis, A Calì, F Mangiola, V Bove, F D'Aversa, A Costantini, I Boskoski, A Tringali, V Perri, G Costamagna
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

PerOral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) is increasingly used for the treatment of achalasia. In published series, a 12 cm-POEM is usually performed. Surgical myotomy is typically shorter (8 cm). We report on the interim analysis of a non-inferiority RCT that evaluates the outcomes according to the length of the myotomy.
Erythroferrone: An Erythroid Regulator of Hepcidin and Iron Metabolism
Authors: Richard Coffey, Tomas Ganz
Journal: HemaSphere (2018)

Iron homeostasis ensures adequate iron for biological processes while preventing excessive iron accumulation, which can lead to tissue injury. In mammalian systems, iron availability is controlled by the interaction of the iron‐regulatory hormone hepcidin with ferroportin, a molecule that functions both as the hepcidin receptor as well as the sole known cellular exporter of iron. By reducing iron export through ferroportin to blood plasma, hepcidin inhibits the mobilization of iron from stores and the absorption of dietary iron. Among the many processes requiring iron, erythropoiesis is the most iron‐intensive, consuming most iron circulating in blood plasma. Under conditions of enhanced erythropoiesis, more iron is required to provide developing erythroblasts with adequate iron for heme and hemoglobin synthesis. Here the hormone erythroferrone, produced by erythroblasts, acts on hepatocytes to suppress hepcidin production, and thereby increase dietary iron absorption and mobilization from stores. This review focuses on the discovery of erythroferrone and recent advances in understanding the role of this hormone in the regulation of iron homeostasis during states of increased erythropoietic demand. Gaps in our understanding of the role of erythroferrone are highlighted for future study.
Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors With Cardiac Events and Survival Outcomes Among Patients With Breast Cancer Enrolled in SWOG Clinical Trials
Authors: Dawn L. Hershman, Cathee Till, Sherry Shen, Jason D. Wright, Scott D. Ramsey, William E. Barlow, Joseph M. Unger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

Background Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of death among patients with breast cancer. However, the association of cardiovascular-disease risk factors (CVD-RFs) with long-term survival and cardiac events is not well studied. Methods We examined SWOG (formerly the Southwest Oncology Group) breast cancer trials from 1999 to 2011. We identified baseline diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and coronary artery disease by linking trial records to Medicare claims. The primary outcome was overall survival. Patients with both baseline and follow-up claims were examined for cardiac events. Cox regression was used to assess the association between CVD-RFs and outcomes. Results We identified 1,460 participants older than 66 years of age from five trials; 842 were eligible for survival outcomes analysis. At baseline, median age was 70 years, and median follow-up was 6 years. Hypertension (73%) and hypercholesterolemia (57%) were the most prevalent conditions; 87% of patients had one or more CVD-RF. There was no association between any of the individual CVD-RFs and overall survival except for hypercholesterolemia, which was associated with improved overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.93; P = .01). With each additional CVD-RF, there was an increased risk of death (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.40; P = .002), worse progression-free survival (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.25; P = .05), and marginally worse cancer-free survival (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.34; P = .07). The relationship between baseline CVD-RFs and cardiac events was analyzed in 736 patients. A strong linear association between the number of CVD-RFs and cardiac event was observed (HR per CVD-RF, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.69; P < .001). Conclusion Among participants in clinical trials, each additional baseline CVD-RF was associated with an increased risk of cardiac events and death. Efforts to improve control of modifiable CVD-RFs are needed, especially among those with multiple risk factors.
TRANS-ANAL ENDOSCOPIC MICROSURGERY WITH THE SB-KNIFE FOR EARLY RECTAL CANCER
Authors: P Lagoussis, F Cavallaro, S Vavassori, P Soriani, F Bagolini, GE Tontini, G Del Conte, H Neumann, L Pastorelli, M Vecchi
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Endoscopic treatment of malignant colorectal lesions is challenging, especially for early rectal cancer (ERC) localized close to the dentate line. Conversely, the surgical approach may result in temporary or definitive stoma and in frequent post-surgical complications.
Successful Optimization of Adalimumab Therapy in Refractory Uveitis Due to Behçet's Disease
Authors: José Luis Martín-Varillas, Vanesa Calvo-Río, Emma Beltrán, Juan Sánchez-Bursón, Marina Mesquida, Alfredo Adán, María Victoria Hernandez, Marisa Hernández Garfella, Elia Valls Pascual, Lucía Martínez-Costa, Agustí Sellas-Fernández, Miguel Cordero-Coma, Manuel Díaz-Llopis, Roberto Gallego, David Salom, Norberto Ortego, José L. García-Serrano, José-Luis Callejas-Rubio, José M. Herreras, Ángel García-Aparicio, Olga Maíz, Ana Blanco, Ignacio Torre, David Díaz-Valle, Esperanza Pato, Elena Aurrecoechea, Miguel A. Caracuel, Fernando Gamero, Enrique Minguez, Carmen Carrasco-Cubero, Alejandro Olive, Julio Vázquez, Oscar Ruiz-Moreno, Javier Manero, Santiago Muñoz-Fernández, Myriam Gandía Martinez, Esteban Rubio-Romero, F. Javier Toyos-Sáenz de Miera, Francisco Javier López Longo, Joan M. Nolla, Marcelino Revenga, Carmen González-Vela, Javier Loricera, Belén Atienza-Mateo, Rosalía Demetrio-Pablo, José Luis Hernández, Miguel A. González-Gay, Ricardo Blanco
Journal: Ophthalmology (2018)
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF “MENTOR-ASSISTED” ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION (ESD) TRAINING IN AN EUROPEAN CENTER: LEARNING CURVE AND CLINICAL OUTCOMES
Authors: M Campanale, J Hamanaka, C Spada, S Greco, L Petruzziello, G Costamagna
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection allows “en bloc” resection of early gastric cancer. In Western countries ESD procedures are still marginal and performed in few, highly specialized endoscopic centers due to long learning curve, long operating times and high complication rates. The aim of this study is to evaluate the learning curve and clinical outcomes of the first phase of a “novice” endoscopist ESD training with a Japanese mentor- assisted approach in an European Center