Data Are Needed on the Potential Adverse Effects of Marijuana Use in Pregnancy
Authors: Nancy Goler, Amy Conway, Kelly C. Young-Wolff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

Ideas and Opinions2 October 2018Data Are Needed on the Potential Adverse Effects of Marijuana Use in PregnancyNancy Goler, MD, Amy Conway, MPH, and Kelly C. Young-Wolff, PhD, MPHNancy Goler, MDKaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California (N.G., A.C., K.C.Y.), Amy Conway, MPHKaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California (N.G., A.C., K.C.Y.), and Kelly C. Young-Wolff, PhD, MPHKaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California (N.G., A.C., K.C.Y.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M18-1141 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail The adverse effects of prenatal marijuana use remain unclear (1), yet more pregnant women are using marijuana in the United States than ever before (2, 3). Self-reported marijuana use during pregnancy increased from 2.4% in 2002 to 3.9% in 2014 (2), and 18% of pregnant women who used marijuana in the past year met criteria for a marijuana use disorder (4). Data from a large, diverse sample of pregnant women and adolescents in California found an increase in the adjusted prevalence of marijuana use, from 4% in 2009 to 7% in 2016, on the basis of self-report and urine toxicology ...References1. Committee on the Health Effects of Marijuana. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids: The Current State of Evidence and Recommendations for Research. Report Highlights. Washington, DC: National Academies Pr; 2017. Accessed at http://nationalacademies.org/hmd/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2017/Cannabis-Health-Effects/Cannabis-report-highlights.pdf on 1 May 2018. Google Scholar2. Brown QL, Sarvet AL, Shmulewitz D, Martins SS, Wall MM, Hasin DS. Trends in marijuana use among pregnant and nonpregnant reproductive-aged women, 2002-2014. JAMA. 2017;317:207-9. [PMID: 27992619] doi:10.1001/jama.2016.17383 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Young-Wolff KC, Tucker LY, Alexeeff S, Armstrong MA, Conway A, Weisner C, et al. Trends in self-reported and biochemically tested marijuana use among pregnant females in California from 2009-2016. JAMA. 2017;318:2490-1. [PMID: 29279917] doi:10.1001/jama.2017.17225 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Ko JY, Farr SL, Tong VT, Creanga AA, Callaghan WM. Prevalence and patterns of marijuana use among pregnant and nonpregnant women of reproductive age. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213:201. [PMID: 25772211] doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.03.021 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Committee on Obstetric Practice. Committee opinion no. 722: marijuana use during pregnancy and lactation. Obstet Gynecol. 2017;130:e205-9. [PMID: 28937574] doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000002354 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar6. Conner SN, Bedell V, Lipsey K, Macones GA, Cahill AG, Tuuli MG. Maternal marijuana use and adverse neonatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2016;128:713-23. [PMID: 27607879] doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000001649 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar7. Jarlenski M, Tarr JA, Holland CL, Farrell D, Chang JC. Pregnant women's access to information about perinatal marijuana use: a qualitative study. Womens Health Issues. 2016;26:452-9. [PMID: 27131908] doi:10.1016/j.whi.2016.03.010 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar8. Mark K, Gryczynski J, Axenfeld E, Schwartz RP, Terplan M. Pregnant women's current and intended cannabis use in relation to their views toward legalization and knowledge of potential harm. J Addict Med. 2017;11:211-6. [PMID: 28252456] doi:10.1097/ADM.0000000000000299 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar9. National Conference of State Legislatures. State medical marijuana laws. Accessed at www.ncsl.org/research/health/state-medical-marijuana-laws.aspx on 24 June 2018. Google Scholar10. Child Welfare Information Gateway. Parental drug use as child abuse. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2016. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California (N.G., A.C., K.C.Y.)Acknowledgment: The authors thank Lue-Yen Tucker for her contributions to the acquisition and analysis of data.Grant Support: By K01 award DA043604 from the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Drug Abuse.Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M18-1141.Corresponding Author: Kelly C. Young-Wolff, PhD, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94162; e-mail, kelly.c.[email protected]org.Current Author Addresses: Dr. Goler and Ms. Conway: Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 1950 Franklin Street, Oakland, CA 94612.Dr. Young-Wolff: Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94162.Author Contributions: Conception and design: K.C. Young-Wolff.Analysis and interpretation of the data: K.C. Young-Wolff.Drafting of the article: A. Conway, K.C. Young-Wolff.Critical revision for important intellectual content: N. Goler, K.C. Young-Wolff.Final approval of the article: N. Goler, A. Conway, K.C. Young-Wolff.Obtaining of funding: K.C. Young-Wolff.Administrative, technical, or logistic support: K.C. Young-Wolff.This article was published at Annals.org on 21 August 2018. 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