tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Obstruction phenotype as a predictor of asthma severity and instability in children
Authors: Ronald L. Sorkness, Edward M. Zoratti, Meyer Kattan, Peter J. Gergen, Michael D. Evans, Cynthia M. Visness, Michelle Gill, Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey, Carolyn M. Kercsmar, Andrew H. Liu, George T. O'Connor, Jacqueline A. Pongracic, Dinesh Pillai, Christine A. Sorkness, Alkis Togias, Robert A. Wood, William W. Busse
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2017)
Corticosteroid Therapy for Critically Ill Patients with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
Authors: Yaseen M. Arabi, Yasser Mandourah, Fahad Al-Hameed, Anees A. Sindi, Ghaleb A. Almekhlafi, Mohamed A. Hussein, Jesna Jose, Ruxandra Pinto, Awad Al-Omari, Ayman Kharaba, Abdullah Almotairi, Kasim Al Khatib, Basem Alraddadi, Sarah Shalhoub, Ahmed Abdulmomen, Ismael Qushmaq, Ahmed Mady, Othman Solaiman, Abdulsalam M. Al-Aithan, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Ahmed Ragab, Hanan H. Balkhy, Abdulrahman Al Harthy, Ahmad M. Deeb, Hanan Al Mutairi, Abdulaziz Al-Dawood, Laura Merson, Frederick G. Hayden, Robert A. Fowler
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2017)

Rationale: Corticosteroid therapy is commonly used among critically ill patients with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), but its impact on outcomes is uncertain. Analyses of observational studies often do not account for patients' clinical condition at the time of corticosteroid therapy initiation.Objectives: To investigate the association of corticosteroid therapy on mortality and on MERS coronavirus RNA clearance in critically ill patients with MERS.Methods: ICU patients with MERs were included from 14 Saudi Arabian centers between September 2012 and October 2015. We performed marginal structural modeling to account for baseline and time-varying confounders.Measurements and Main Results: Of 309 patients, 151 received corticosteroids. Corticosteroids were initiated at a median of 3.0 days (quartile 1 [Q1]–Q3, 1.0–7.0) from ICU admission. Patients who received corticosteroids were more likely to receive invasive ventilation (141 of 151 [93.4%] vs. 121 of 158 [76.6%]; P < 0.0001) and had higher 90-day crude mortality (112 of 151 [74.2%] vs. 91 of 158 [57.6%]; P = 0.002). Using marginal structural modeling, corticosteroid therapy was not significantly associated with 90-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.52–1.07; P = 0.12) but was associated with delay in MERS coronavirus RNA clearance (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.17–0.72; P = 0.005).Conclusions: Corticosteroid therapy in patients with MERS was not associated with a difference in mortality after adjustment for time-varying confounders but was associated with delayed MERS coronavirus RNA clearance. These findings highlight the challenges and importance of adjusting for baseline and time-varying confounders when estimating clinical effects of treatments using observational studies.
Problem areas identified by cancer patients with a positive distress screen in the medical clinic.
Authors: Teresa L. Deshields, Mary Jane Ruhland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

63 Background: NCCN has been advocating for distress screening since the inaugural Distress Management Guidelines in 1999. ASCO’s Quality Oncology Practice Initiative incorporated an indicator of patients’ emotional well-being in 2009. The ACoS Commission on Cancer established mandatory distress screening as an accreditation requirement for cancer programs in January 2015. This latter requirement dramatically increased the number of cancer programs doing routine distress screening. We examined distress screening results at a comprehensive cancer center. Methods: Results of distress screening were reviewed in the following clinical areas: medical oncology, radiation oncology, gynecologic oncology, and otolaryngology. Distress screening was completed verbally as a part of the vitals assessment, using the NCCN Distress Thermometer and Problem List. Only patients with a positive screen ( &lt; 6 on 0-10 rating scale) completed the Problem List, identifying relevant problem areas (Emotional, Family, Practical, Physical, Spiritual and Other). The MA or RN doing the distress screening entered the distress rating and the endorsed problem area(s) in the electronic medical record. Results: In the first 5 months of 2017, 11,155 screening results were entered into the medical record. The percent of positive screens ranged from 5.7 to 8.6%, with X = 6.6% of screens being positive for distress. The most common problem areas were Emotional, endorsed with X = 72.5% of positive screens (range = 33.5-96.6%); Physical, endorsed with X = 67.52% of positive screens (range = 42.8-86.4%); and Practical, endorsed with X = 43.1% of positive screens (range = 20.1-59.9%). Conclusions: While some cancer centers use a psychologically-focused screening method (e.g. PHQ-9, BDI), distress is a bio-psychosocial construct, which requires a screening method that includes multiple domains. Furthermore, the triage related to distress screening may best be accomplished by the cancer team at the clinic visit, so that physical problems can be further assessed and addressed during the visit. The medical team can also make referrals to social work or psychological services to address related problem areas, when identified by patients.
NI-71 * DEVELOPING ROLE OF ADVANCED MRI TECHNIQUES FOR DIAGNOSIS OF HIGH-GRADE GLIOMA RELAPSE AFTER COMPLEX ONCOLOGY TREATMENT
Authors: M. Smrcka, R. Jancalek, M. Bulik, T. Kazda, P. Pospisil, P. Slampa
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2014)

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: High-grade gliomas (HGG) frequently recur as a new gadolinium-enhanced MRI lesion at or near the site of the original tumor; thus, at the site of high-dose target volume for radiotherapy. An early differentiation between HGG relapse and changes in connection with oncology treatment (pseudoprogression or radionecrosis) is still problematic by commonly used diagnostic imaging techniques. The goal of our project is to verify whether a combination of diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) increase specificity of the conventional structural MRI with gadolinium for early non-invasive differentiation between of HGG relapse and pseudoprogression or radionecrosis. MATERIALS/METHODS: Patients (n= 26) with HGG and structural progression on MRI after neurosurgical resection and radiotherapy with concurrent administration of temozolomide underwent DWI expressed as ADC map and MRS focused on concentration of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), creatine (Cr), lactate (Lac), and lipids (Lip). An etiology of the lesion was then established by a finding on a subsequent MRI or by a biopsy and correlated with results of the investigated MR techniques. RESULTS: Compared to the pseudoprogression or radionecrosis, the relapse of HGG was characterized by significantly higher ADC values, lower NAA concentration, appearance of Lac + Lip spectra, as well as by non-significant increase in Cho. We found very high sensitivity and specificity of ADC mean value (≥1220 x 10−6 mm2/sec) and Cho/NAA ratio (≥1.7) to designate the MRI lesion with gadolinium uptake as the HGG relapse. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that DWI (ADC value) and MRS (mainly Cho/NAA ratio) have the ability for early non-invasive differentiation of the HGG relapse from the pseudoprogression or radionecrosis after the oncology treatment. The project is supported by grants IGA MZC R NT/14120 and NT/14600 and the European Regional Development Fund Project FNUSA-IC RC (No. CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0123).
Abstract 16312: Atrial Fibrillation in the Trauma Patient - Rhythm Control May be Lifesaving - A Review of 3.6 Million Cases in the United States National Trauma DataBank
Authors: Odunayo Olorunfemi, Gbolahan Ogunbayo, Olatunde Ola, Oladimeji Akinboro, Rowlens Melduni
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: There is limited data on the outcomes of trauma in patients with atrial fibrillation. Our study aimed to describe the outcomes and interventions that improve survival of patients with...
Simulation of Growth Trajectories of Childhood Obesity into Adulthood
Authors: Zachary J. Ward, Michael W. Long, Stephen C. Resch, Catherine M. Giles, Angie L. Cradock, Steven L. Gortmaker
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

Although the current obesity epidemic has been well documented in children and adults, less is known about long-term risks of adult obesity for a given child at his or her present age and weight. We developed a simulation model to estimate the risk of adult obesity at the age of 35 years for the current population of children in the United States.
Genre scripts and appreciation of negative emotion in the reception of film
Authors: Ed S. Tan, Valentijn T. Visch
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract The Distancing-Embracing model reserves a role for genre scripts in the hedonic valuation of negative emotion in art. Genre scripts, as defined in the target article, leave higher-level recipient intuitions out of scope. We argue that, in film genre scripts, lower-level stylistic features lend access to more complex conceptual knowledge, including pragmatic principles. The argument implies a consideration of the communicative dimension of aesthetic works, which could strengthen both factors of the Distancing-Embracing model.
Developing the behavioural constellation of deprivation: Relationships, emotions, and not quite being in the present
Authors: Arkadiusz Białek, Vasudevi Reddy
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract Although it is a welcome and timely idea, the behavioural constellation of deprivation (BCD) needs to explain how the development of personal control, trust, and perception of future risk is mediated through relationships with parents. Further, prioritising the present over the future may not be the essence of this constellation; perhaps not quite being, either in the present or in the future, is a better depiction.
Metabolic strategies for the degradation of the neuromodulator agmatine in mammals
Authors: José Benítez, David García, Nicol Romero, Arlette González, José Martínez-Oyanedel, Maximiliano Figueroa, Mónica Salas, Vasthi López, María García-Robles, Peter R. Dodd, Gerhard Schenk, Nelson Carvajal, Elena Uribe
Journal: Metabolism (2017)
A combination intervention strategy to improve linkage to and retention in HIV care following diagnosis in Mozambique: A cluster-randomized study
Authors: Batya Elul, Matthew R. Lamb, Maria Lahuerta, Fatima Abacassamo, Laurence Ahoua, Stephanie A. Kujawski, Maria Tomo, Ilesh Jani
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2017)

Background Concerning gaps in the HIV care continuum compromise individual and population health. We evaluated a combination intervention strategy (CIS) targeting prevalent barriers to timely linkage and sustained retention in HIV care in Mozambique. Methods and findings In this cluster-randomized trial, 10 primary health facilities in the city of Maputo and Inhambane Province were randomly assigned to provide the CIS or the standard of care (SOC). The CIS included point-of-care CD4 testing at the time of diagnosis, accelerated ART initiation, and short message service (SMS) health messages and appointment reminders. A pre–post intervention 2-sample design was nested within the CIS arm to assess the effectiveness of CIS+, an enhanced version of the CIS that additionally included conditional non-cash financial incentives for linkage and retention. The primary outcome was a combined outcome of linkage to care within 1 month and retention at 12 months after diagnosis. From April 22, 2013, to June 30, 2015, we enrolled 2,004 out of 5,327 adults ≥18 years of age diagnosed with HIV in the voluntary counseling and testing clinics of participating health facilities: 744 (37%) in the CIS group, 493 (25%) in the CIS+ group, and 767 (38%) in the SOC group. Fifty-seven percent of the CIS group achieved the primary outcome versus 35% in the SOC group (relative risk [RR]CIS vs SOC = 1.58, 95% CI 1.05–2.39). Eighty-nine percent of the CIS group linked to care on the day of diagnosis versus 16% of the SOC group (RRCIS vs SOC = 9.13, 95% CI 1.65–50.40). There was no significant benefit of adding financial incentives to the CIS in terms of the combined outcome (55% of the CIS+ group achieved the primary outcome, RRCIS+ vs CIS = 0.96, 95% CI 0.81–1.16). Key limitations include the use of existing medical records to assess outcomes, the inability to isolate the effect of each component of the CIS, non-concurrent enrollment of the CIS+ group, and exclusion of many patients newly diagnosed with HIV. Conclusions The CIS showed promise for making much needed gains in the HIV care continuum in our study, particularly in the critical first step of timely linkage to care following diagnosis. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01930084
Diet Behavior Change Techniques in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kevin A. Cradock, Gearóid ÓLaighin, Francis M. Finucane, Rhyann McKay, Leo R. Quinlan, Kathleen A. Martin Ginis, Heather L. Gainforth
Journal: Diabetes Care (2017)

OBJECTIVE Dietary behavior is closely connected to type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to identify behavior change techniques (BCTs) and specific components of dietary interventions for patients with type 2 diabetes associated with changes in HbA1c and body weight. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases were searched. Reports of randomized controlled trials published during 1975–2017 that focused on changing dietary behavior were selected, and methodological rigor, use of BCTs, and fidelity and intervention features were evaluated. RESULTS In total, 54 studies were included, with 42 different BCTs applied and an average of 7 BCTs used per study. Four BCTs—“problem solving,” “feedback on behavior,” “adding objects to the environment,” and “social comparison”—and the intervention feature “use of theory” were associated with &amp;gt;0.3% (3.3 mmol/mol) reduction in HbA1c. Meta-analysis revealed that studies that aimed to control or change the environment showed a greater reduction in HbA1c of 0.5% (5.5 mmol/mol) (95% CI −0.65, −0.34), compared with 0.32% (3.5 mmol/mol) (95% CI −0.40, −0.23) for studies that aimed to change behavior. Limitations of our study were the heterogeneity of dietary interventions and poor quality of reporting of BCTs. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that changing the dietary environment may have more of an effect on HbA1c in adults with type 2 diabetes than changing dietary behavior. Diet interventions achieved clinically significant reductions in HbA1c, although initial reductions in body weight diminished over time. If appropriate BCTs and theory are applied, dietary interventions may result in better glucose control.
P2.05-009 Outcome of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Clinical Stage I Non Small Cell Lung Cancer and CT Findings: Comparison with Surgical Resection
Authors: Y. Maki, T. Ueno, R. Sugimoto, D. Harada, K. Uwatsu, T. Kozuki, A. Nishikawa, N. Nogami, M. Kataoka, M. Yamashita
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Emergencia de une nueva cepa de MRSA adquiridos en la comunidad en Alemania
Authors: W Witte, C Cuny, B Strommenger, C Braulke, D Heuck
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2004)

El analisis de los Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a la meticilina adquiridos en la comunidad (MRSA-c) productores de leucocidina de Panton-Valentine en Alemania muestra un perfil de macrorestriccion unico, diferente de las cepas epidemicas nosocomiales. Este perfil molecular coresponde al perfil de las cepas de MRSA-c aisladas en otros paises de la Union Europea. Todos los aislamientos mostraban una resistencia al acido fusidico, encodado por el gen far-1. Segun los datos sobre la diseminacion geografica y el periodo de aparicion de esta cepa, se supone que aparecio en Alemania en el segundo semestre de 2002, y una diseminacion aun mas larga es probable. La emergencia de MRSA resistentes al acido fusidico es el primer signo de la emergencia de un clon de MRSA positivo para PVL.
Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD), safety, and tolerability of fosaprepitant for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in pediatric subjects.
Authors: Jaume Mora, Miguel Valero, Cara DiCristina, Mandy Jin, Anne Chain, Kara Bickham
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

93 Background: Fosaprepitant is approved to prevent CINV in adults. The aim of this study was to determine appropriate fosaprepitant dosing in children. Methods: This was a phase 2b, multicenter, randomized, dose-ranging study to evaluate PK/PD, safety, and tolerability of a single dose of fosaprepitant administered concomitantly with ondansetron, with or without dexamethasone. Eligible subjects were newborn to 17 years of age who were scheduled to receive emetogenic chemotherapy for a documented malignancy. PK/PD data were collected in cycle 1 only. The study was designed to compare 3 doses of fosaprepitant versus placebo in 2 to 17 year olds, with an open-label amendment evaluating a fourth dose in &lt;12 year olds. Pediatric exposures were compared with historical adult PK data. Results: 234 subjects were enrolled and received study medication (Table). All but one completed cycle 1. One subject (5 mg/kg regimen) discontinued because of anaphylactic reaction. In 167 subjects with evaluable PK data, aprepitant exposures were dose proportional. Adolescents (12-17 years) receiving fosaprepitant 150 mg had exposures similar to adults at the same dose. Owing to a higher clearance in children &lt;12 years old, a higher weight-normalized dose (5 mg/kg) was necessary to achieve comparable exposures. The AE profile was typical of subjects with cancer receiving emetogenic chemotherapy. The most common drug-related AE was hiccups. Conclusions: In pediatric subjects receiving fosaprepitant to prevent CINV, aprepitant exposures were dose proportional. Subjects &lt;12 years old required higher doses to achieve exposures comparable with adults. Fosaprepitant was well tolerated in this population. Clinical trial information: NCT01697579. [Table: see text]
Corrosion resistance of a novel SnO2-doped dicalcium phosphate coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy
Authors: Lan-Yue Cui, Guang-Bin Wei, Rong-Chang Zeng, Shuo-Qi Li, Yu-Hong Zou, En-Hou Han
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2017)

A SnO2-doped dicalcium phosphate coating was prepared on AZ31 alloy by means of hydrothermal deposition. The results showed that the coating possessed a globular morphology with a long lamellar crystalline structure and a thickness of approximately 40 μm. The surface of the coating became smooth with an increase additive amount of the SnO2 nanoparticles. The corrosion current density and hydrogen evolution rate of the coating prepared in presence of SnO2 were reduced compared to the coating without SnO2 and the bare AZ31 substrate, indicating an improvement in the corrosion resistance of the SnO2-doped coating.
Challenges in projecting clustering results across gene expression profiling data sets
Authors: Lara Lusa, Lisa McShane, James Reid, Loris De Cecco, Federico Ambrogi, Elia Biganzoli, Manuela Gariboldi, Marco Pierotti
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

3721   Gene expression microarray studies for several types of cancers have identified previously unknown subtypes of tumors. For breast cancer, a microarray-based molecular classification has been proposed, and the subtypes have shown some associations with clinical outcome (Perou et al, Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature. 2000:747-52, Sorlie et al, Repeated observation of breast tumor subtypes in independent gene expression data sets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003 100:8418-23). A classification rule based on the method of centroids was proposed for identifying the subtypes in new collections of breast cancer samples.  We explore the performance and robustness of methods for identifying subtypes in a new data set (test set) when the subtypes are originally suggested by cluster analysis of a previous data set (training set). In order to evaluate how the classification of new samples depends on various factors, we examine previously published gene expression microarray breast cancer data sets and perform simulations based on real data in which true subtype structure is known, using the method of centroids as an illustrative example.  We show that subtype assignment of new samples can be substantially influenced by factors such as the normalization of the data, subtype prevalence in training and test sets, presence of systematic differences across data sets (e.g., due to assay batch effects or technical variations), and use of arbitrary rules for identifying non-classifiable samples. Simple corrections such as mean centering of genes, aimed at microarray platform or batch effect correction, can have undesirable consequences, which are related to the fact that subtype assignments for new samples depend on the gene-expression of the other samples to be classified. For example, we show that when the proportion of samples from a certain subtype in the test set increases, the probability of classifying a sample in that subtype decreases.  Our results suggest that subtype membership obtained using methods such as those proposed to derive breast cancer subtypes of new samples cannot be considered robust. Many challenges remain in translating the promising class discovery findings into effective and reliable classification rules that can be used to assign new patients to subtypes, which would be essential for using the subtyping in clinical practice. Projection of clustering results from one data set to another must be done with care and should be interpreted cautiously. Unless platform or batch effects are minimal or are known and can be adjusted for appropriately, the comparability of the patient populations should be considered before attempting to force data comparability for purposes of identifying subtypes in an independent data set.
Abstract 10958: Identification of Right Ventricular Myocardial Infarction With Late Gadolinium Enhancement in Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease: Comparison With Pathological Findings
Authors: Yan Chaowu, Li Li, Fang Wei, Li Hua, Wang Yang
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) has the potential to become an excellent technique in the diagnosis of right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI). However, the gold standard, pathological findings from patients, is still unavailable to validate the true value of LGE. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that LGE might correspond with histological infarction in RVMI. Methods: 36 transplant candidates (35 M /1F) with chronic ischemic heart disease were studied prospectively with LGE. According to the 12-segment-model, the pathological findings of RV were compared with the previous in vivo LGE after heart transplantation. Results: Histological RVMI was detected in 7 patients, and corresponded with all LGE segments (n=23) and 2 non-LGE segments. A generalize linear mix effect model showed non-significant difference (P=0.152) between the results of LGE and histological infraction. In identifying the RV segments with histological infarction, sensitivity and specificity of LGE was 92.0% (95%CI 74.0% to 99.0%) and 100% (95%CI 99.9% to 100.0%), respectively. Furthermore, RV segments without LGE mainly included two pathological patterns: histologically normal myocardium (n=372) or the admixture of viable myocardium and scattered replacement fibrosis (n=35). In the non-LGE RV segments, wall motion abnormality was associated with volume fraction of collagen (11.4±6.5% vs 4.3±2.2%, P&lt;0.001) and the presence of ischemia (96.4% vs 1.7%, P&lt;0.001). Conclusions: The RV segments with LGE corresponded closely with histological infarction in ischemic heart disease. However, RV segments without LGE might be histologically normal myocardium or intermixed with scattered replacement fibrosis. Further studies are required to evaluate the significance of scattered replacement fibrosis in the non-LGE segments.