tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of the inhibitory effects of three plants extract; Piper guinenese (Uziza), Tapinathus bangnensis (Awuse) and Xylopia aethiopicum (Uda) on the viability and proliferation of three cancer cell lines; prostate cancer cell line (PC-3), lung cancer cell line (HTB-182) and head and neck cancer cell line (SCC-25)
Authors: Chinelo J. Nwosu, Abiodun J. Elegbede, Bene Willie-Abbey, Micheal O. Monanu
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

1933  Drugs and food supplements used for the treatment of various diseases originated from natural plant products. Research on plants used crude in developing countries for various medicinal purposes is increasing. In this research, we studied the inhibitory effects of crude soluble extracts from the leaves and seeds of three tropical plants, Piper guinenese, Tapinathus bangnensis and Xylopia aethiopicum on cancer cell lines. The cancer cell lines studied were: Prostate (PC-3), Head & Neck (SCC-25) and Lung (HTB-182).The preliminary anticarcinogenic screening of the plants extract on the cancer cell lines was carried out using Alamar blue and Mitochondria dehydrogenase (MTT) cytotoxicity assays with exposures of 24, 48 and 72hrs. Alamar blue cytotoxicity assay showed that 100ug/ml of the crude soluble extract from the plant; Tapinathus bangnensis had inhibitory effects of 40 and 35 percent on the proliferation of PC-3 and SCC-25 cells after 72 hours exposure. Piper guinenese extract had similar inhibitory effects on the two cell lines. Whereas the inhibition of proliferation from Xylopia aethiopicum on the two cell lines was 35 and 80 percent respectively. However all the three plants extract had minimal inhihitory effects on HTB-182. DNA studies using flow cytometry analyses of the treated cancer cells showed cell cycle arrest at the G 2 /M phase after 24, 48 and 72 hours. This was followed by combined Propidium Iodide staining and Annexin V FITC assay to confirm the induction of apoptosis. Results show that Xylopia aethiopicum induced a time dependent apoptosis of 75 and 90 percent in PC-3 and SCC-25 cell lines at 72 hours respectively. Whereas Tapinathus bangnensis extracts gave an induction of apoptosis of 85 percent on PC-3 cell lines after 72hrs exposure. There was induction of apoptosis by the three different plants extract on HTB-182 cell line at 48 and 72 hours but not comparable to the other cell lines. The extracts from Piper guinenses induced apoptosis minimally in PC-3, but had an apoptotic effect of 70 and 75 percent at 48 and 72 hour exposures in SCC-25 cells. Anticarcinogenic agents in natural plant products should compare well to the synthetic chemotherapeutic agents used in cancer treatments because they are already incorporated naturally in food and are not toxic to normal cells. It is hoped that the consumption of these natural products as part of normal food will help to prevent and reduce the incidence of cancer diseases.
WHO advises blanket anti-worming treatment for children despite lack of benefit
Authors: Nigel Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2017)

The World Health Organization has strongly recommended the mass treatment of hundreds of millions of children to eliminate worm infections, while admitting that evidence does not prove that it will do any good.1

A Cochrane review2 published in 2015 by a team at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine found no evidence that eliminating intestinal worms by treating all children in an area where worms were endemic improved the children’s average height, weight, or nutritional status. A Campbell review published in 2016 confirmed these findings.3

The WHO guideline does not dispute that conclusion. The panel responsible reviewed 65 trials in 23 low and middle income countries and said that children treated twice a year with anthelmintic medicines in areas where worms were endemic showed no evidence of weight …
Deficit in PINK1/PARKIN-mediated mitochondrial autophagy at late stages of dystrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Chifei Kang, Myriam A Badr, Viktoriia Kyrychenko, Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen, Natalia Shirokova
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2017)

Abstract Aims Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an inherited devastating muscle disease with severe and often lethal cardiac complications. Emerging evidence suggests that the evolution of the pathology in DMD is accompanied by the accumulation of mitochondria with defective structure and function. Here, we investigate whether defects in the housekeeping autophagic pathway contribute to mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunctions in dystrophic cardiomyopathy. Methods and results We employed various biochemical and imaging techniques to assess mitochondrial structure and function as well as to evaluate autophagy, and specific mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), in hearts of mdx mice, an animal model of DMD. Our results indicate substantial structural damage of mitochondria and a significant decrease in ATP production in hearts of mdx animals, which developed cardiomyopathy. In these hearts, we also detected enhanced autophagy but paradoxically, mitophagy appeared to be suppressed. In addition, we found decreased levels of several proteins involved in the PINK1/PARKIN mitophagy pathway as well as an insignificant amount of PARKIN protein phosphorylation at the S65 residue upon induction of mitophagy. Conclusions Our results suggest faulty mitophagy in dystrophic hearts due to defects in the PINK1/PARKIN pathway.
Interim analysis of the phase 3 ADAPT trial evaluating rocapuldencel-T (AGS-003), an individualized immunotherapy for the treatment of newly-diagnosed patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC)
Authors: R. Figlin, C. Nicolette, N. Tannir, S.S. Tykodi, D. Chen, V. Master, B. Lane, M. Debenedette, T. Monesmith, W. Tan, S. Leland, C.G. Wood
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
GW28-e1185 Comparison of Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Stanford B Aortic Dissection Treated with Endovascular Aortic Repair with or without Statins
Authors: Yanjie Liu, Wang XiaoZeng, Wang Ya, Zhou TieNan, He RuiXia, Jing QuanMin, Wang Shuang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Manejo de pacientes con sospecha de fiebre hemorrágica vírica y otras infecciones contagiosas potencialmente mortales en Alemania
Authors: A Wirtz, M Niedrig, R Fock
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2002)

Los pacientes con fiebres hemorragicas viricas (FHV) deben recibir cuidados especiales. El diagnostico clinico de estas enfermedades en su fase inicial es dificil, porque los primeros sintomas no son especificos. En Alemania, el diagnostico especifico se realiza en dos centros equipados con instalaciones de bioseguridad de nivel 4. Asimismo, las ciudades de Munich, Leipzig, Hamburgo, Berlin y Francfort disponen de cinco unidades de aislamiento de alta seguridad para el cuidado de pacientes con enfermedades infecciosas. Tambien se han creado centros cualificados para ofrecer asistencia y asesoramiento a los hospitales que administran los primeros cuidados a estos pacientes y a los trabajadores sanitarios locales. Es aconsejable descentralizar estos centros cualificados para que puedan ofrecer una respuesta mas rapida y eficaz a cualquier amenaza de epidemia de FHV. La clasificacion de riesgo en los contactos ha resultado muy util en la practica.
A randomized, double-blind study of PF-05280014 (a potential biosimilar) vs trastuzumab, both given with docetaxel (D) and carboplatin (C), as neoadjuvant treatment for operable human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer
Authors: P.E. Lammers, M. Dank, R. Masetti, R. Abbas, F. Hilton, J. Coiro, I. Jacobs
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Functional nanoparticles exploit the bile acid pathway to overcome multiple barriers of the intestinal epithelium for oral insulin delivery
Authors: Weiwei Fan, Dengning Xia, Quanlei Zhu, Xiuying Li, Shufang He, Chunliu Zhu, Shiyan Guo, Lars Hovgaard, Mingshi Yang, Yong Gan
Journal: Biomaterials (2017)
TOX Regulates Growth, DNA Repair, and Genomic Instability in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Riadh Lobbardi, Jordan Pinder, Barbara Martinez-Pastor, Marina Theodorou, Jessica S. Blackburn, Brian J. Abraham, Yuka Namiki, Marc Mansour, Nouran S. Abdelfattah, Aleksey Molodtsov, Gabriela Alexe, Debra Toiber, Manon de Waard, Esha Jain, Myriam Boukhali, Mattia Lion, Deepak Bhere, Khalid Shah, Alejandro Gutierrez, Kimberly Stegmaier, Lewis B. Silverman, Ruslan I. Sadreyev, John M. Asara, Marjorie A. Oettinger, Wilhelm Haas, A. Thomas Look, Richard A. Young, Raul Mostoslavsky, Graham Dellaire, David M. Langenau
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2017)

Abstract T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignancy of thymocytes. Using a transgenic screen in zebrafish, thymocyte selection–associated high mobility group box protein (TOX) was uncovered as a collaborating oncogenic driver that accelerated T-ALL onset by expanding the initiating pool of transformed clones and elevating genomic instability. TOX is highly expressed in a majority of human T-ALL and is required for proliferation and continued xenograft growth in mice. Using a wide array of functional analyses, we uncovered that TOX binds directly to KU70/80 and suppresses recruitment of this complex to DNA breaks to inhibit nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) repair. Impaired NHEJ is well known to cause genomic instability, including development of T-cell malignancies in KU70- and KU80-deficient mice. Collectively, our work has uncovered important roles for TOX in regulating NHEJ by elevating genomic instability during leukemia initiation and sustaining leukemic cell proliferation following transformation. Significance: TOX is an HMG box–containing protein that has important roles in T-ALL initiation and maintenance. TOX inhibits the recruitment of KU70/KU80 to DNA breaks, thereby inhibiting NHEJ repair. Thus, TOX is likely a dominant oncogenic driver in a large fraction of human T-ALL and enhances genomic instability. Cancer Discov; 7(11); 1336–53. ©2017 AACR. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1201
Survey of surveillance systems and select prevention activities for hepatitis B and C, European Union/European Economic Area, 2009
Authors: E F Duffell, M J van de Laar
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2015)

Hepatitis B and C viral infections are leading causes of hepatic cirrhosis and cancer. The incidence and prevalence of both hepatitis B and C varies across European countries. European wide surveillance data help to understand the dynamic epidemiology of hepatitis B and C, which is important for the implementation and effectiveness of prevention and control activities. Comparison of surveillance data between countries in Europe is hampered by the differences in national healthcare and reporting systems. This report presents the results of a survey in 2009 which was undertaken to collect baseline information on surveillance systems and core prevention programmes for hepatitis B and C in individual European Union/ European Economic Area countries. The results provide key information to aid the interpretation of surveillance data, and while indicating heterogeneity in national surveillance systems and programmes, they highlight the potential of these systems. This resource has supported the implementation of a standardised European enhanced surveillance programme.
Single-cell RNA-seq reveals a distinct transcriptome signature of aneuploid hematopoietic cells
Authors: Xin Zhao, Shouguo Gao, Zhijie Wu, Sachiko Kajigaya, Xingmin Feng, Qingguo Liu, Danielle M. Townsley, James Cooper, Jinguo Chen, Keyvan Keyvanfar, Maria del Pilar Fernandez Ibanez, Xujing Wang, Neal S. Young
Journal: Blood (2017)
Rechallenge with EGFR inhibitors in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: effect on outcomes
Authors: Siena Salvatore, Pentheroudakis George, Prager Gerald, Sartore-Bianchi Andrea, Zaanan Aziz, Douillard Jean-Yves, Aparicio Jorge, Koukakis Reija, Demonty Gaston, Taieb Julien
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
A Rede Internacional Enter-net – como funciona
Authors: I. S.T. Fisher
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1999)

A Enter-net e uma rede internacional para a vigilância de infeccoes gastrintestinais em humanos que monitoriza as salmoneloses e a E. Coli produtora de Verocitotoxina (VTEC) O157, incluindo a sua resistencia antimicrobiana. No inicio a rede envolvia os 15 paises da Uniao Europeia (UE) e ainda a Suica e Noruega (mapa). A rede e financiada pela Comissao Europeia (CE) e apresenta-se na sequencia da rede de vigilância Salm-net (1994-97) cuja actividade se concentrava na harmonizacao da fagotipagem das salmonelas e no desenvolvimento de uma base de dados internacional regularmente actualizada. A rede Salm-net demonstrou, atraves do reconhecimento de surtos e investigacoes, que a troca atempada de informacao entre peritos de diferentes paises da UE podia desencadear uma efectiva accao de saude publica, nao so na Europa como fora dela. A Enter-net mantem a extensao destas accoes a prevencao das infeccoes por E. Coli O157.
Hypermutated Circulating Tumor DNA: Correlation with Response to Checkpoint Inhibitor–Based Immunotherapy
Authors: Yulian Khagi, Aaron M. Goodman, Gregory A. Daniels, Sandip P. Patel, Assuntina G. Sacco, James M. Randall, Lyudmila A. Bazhenova, Razelle Kurzrock
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Purpose: Tumor mutational burden detected by tissue next-generation sequencing (NGS) correlates with checkpoint inhibitor response. However, tissue biopsy may be costly and invasive. We sought to investigate the association between hypermutated blood-derived circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and checkpoint inhibitor response. Experimental Design: We assessed 69 patients with diverse malignancies who received checkpoint inhibitor–based immunotherapy and blood-derived ctDNA NGS testing (54–70 genes). Rates of stable disease (SD) ≥6 months, partial and complete response (PR, CR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed based on total and VUS alterations. Results: Statistically significant improvement in PFS was associated with high versus low alteration number in variants of unknown significance (VUS, &amp;gt;3 alterations versus VUS ≤3 alterations), SD ≥6 months/PR/CR 45% versus 15%, respectively; P = 0.014. Similar results were seen with high versus low total alteration number (characterized plus VUS, ≥6 vs. &amp;lt;6). Statistically significant OS improvement was also associated with high VUS alteration status. Two-month landmark analysis showed that responders versus nonresponders with VUS &amp;gt;3 had a median PFS of 23 versus 2.3 months (P = 0.0004). Conclusions: Given the association of alteration number on liquid biopsy and checkpoint inhibitor–based immunotherapy outcomes, further investigation of hypermutated ctDNA as a predictive biomarker is warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 23(19); 5729–36. ©2017 AACR.
Primary cardiac sarcoma (PCS): A multi-national retrospective review of clinical experience
Authors: T.W.-W. Chen, H.H. Loong, A. Zer, R. Barua, J. Buttany, R.J. Cusimano, Y.-C. Liang, C.-H. Chang, Z. Iakobishvili, A.R.A. Razak, J. Lewin
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
E7080, an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has direct anti-tumor efficacy via inhibition of KIT signaling in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yuji Yamamoto, Tatsuo Watanabe, Kazuki Miyazaki, Akihiko Tsuruoka, Toshiaki Wakabayashi, Makoto Asada
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

4636   Coexpression of the receptor tyrosine kinase KIT and its ligand SCF has been reported in up to 70% of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines and clinical SCLC samples. The coexpression of KIT and SCF in SCLC suggests that KIT signaling is accelerated or maintained by an autocrine activation loop. Several KIT inhibitors have been shown to inhibit SCF-stimulated SCLC proliferation in vitro and in vivo. E7080 is an oral multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor of KDR (VEGFR-2), Flt-1 (VEGFR-1), FGFR1 and PDGFRbeta with IC50 values of 5 –50 nM in cell free kinase assay. E7080 also inhibits KIT with IC50 value of 270 nM. We evaluated the effect of E7080 on KIT activity in SCLC. Treatment of the KIT-expressing SCLC cell line, NCI-H526 with E7080 resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of SCF-stimulated cell proliferation, with IC50 value of 10 nM. E7080 inhibited SCF-stimulated KIT tyrosine phosphorylation of NCI-H526 in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 value of 10 nM. E7080 also inhibited downstream events of KIT activation including ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 value consistent with that observed for the inhibition of KIT phosphorylation. E7080 was also evaluated in an NCI-H526 xenograft model. Oral administration of E7080 at doses from 10 to 100 mg/kg (BID, QDx14) resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth that ranged from 61 to 71 %. E7080 at a dose of 100 mg/kg inhibited tumor growth, even if treatment was initiated following significant tumor growth. To investigate the status of KIT activation in vivo, NCI-H526 tumors were resected after 2 h treatment with E7080, then KIT phosphorylation was quantified. E7080 reduced phospho-KIT levels in NCI-H526 tumors, correlating with anti-tumor efficacy. Our results suggest that E7080 has therapeutic potential in SCLC, caused by direct anti-tumor efficacy via inhibition of KIT signaling as well as anti-angiogenesis efficacy via inhibition of KDR (VEGFR-2) signaling.
GW28-e0939 Discovery of dynamical network biomarkers (DNB) during the progression of atherosclerosis using multiple omic techniques and systems biology
Authors: Jing Ge, Xiaoya Fan, Xinli Xue, Gaopeng Li, Shanshan Zhong, Xia Shen, Huiyong Yin, Luonan Chen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Clinical outcomes for EGFR-mutant adenocarcinomas (AC) that transform to small cell lung cancer (SCLC)
Authors: N. Marcoux, Z. Piotrowska, A.F. Farago, A.N. Hata, M.J. Mooradian, B.J. Drapkin, A. Muzikansky, S.N. Gettinger, M. Mino-Kenudson, L. Sequist
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic or unresectable locally recurrent anal squamous cell carcinoma: A phase II study of French interdisciplinary GERCOR and FFCD Groups (Epitopes-HPV02 study)
Authors: S. Kim, E. Francois, F-C. Bidard, E. Samalin, F. El Hajbi, N. Baba-Hamed, S. Dumont, S. Pernot, D. Peiffert, F. Ghiringhelli, O. Bouche, J. Desrame, M. Zoubir, A. Parzy, D. Smith, C. de la Fouchardiere, B. Buecher, V. Vendrely, F. Bonnetain, C. Borg
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Epidémie d'origine hydrique chez des touristes espagnols dans un complexe touristique en République Dominicaine, Août 2002
Authors: A Paez Jimenez, R Pimentel, M V Martinez de Aragon, G Hernández Pezzi, S Mateo, J. F. Martinez Navarro
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2004)

Le 3 septembre 2002, le Centre National Epidemiologique Espagnol (Centro Nacional de Epidemiologia - CNE) a ete alerte de la presence elevee d'amibiase chez des touristes espagnols revenant d'un complexe touristique situe en Republique Dominicaine. Les cas avaient sejourne dans le meme hotel a des dates differentes au cours du mois precedent. Des kystes de type Entamoeba hystolitica ont ete identifies chez plusieurs patients ayant consulte un medecin au cours de leur sejour en Republique Dominicaine.
Le CNE en a informe les autorites sanitaires de la Republique Dominicaine, puis a mene une investigation epidemiologique avec leur collaboration. 
L'etude descriptive des 76 premiers cas identifies a montre que le duree moyenne de la maladie etait de 5,1 +2,9 jours et que la periode d'exposition variait de 3,6 +2,2 jours.
Une etude de cohorte retrospective a ete mise en place. Le taux d'attaque retrouve etait de 32,4%. Le nombre estime de touristes espagnols ayant developpe la maladie s'eleve a 216 (IC 95% =114.75-317.25). 
Des echantillons de selles ont ete preleves en Espagne chez les patients qui ne se sentaient toujours pas retablis. Aucun des prelevements n'etait positif pour Entamoeba hystolitica.
Le 10 septembre, une inspection des services sanitaires a eu lieu dans l'hotel incrimine. De la glace ainsi qu'une variete d'aliments servis au buffet ce jour ont revele des bacteries coliformes. 
La consommation d'eau dans ce complexe touristique etait le seul facteur de risque associe a la presence des symptomes (RR= 3,55; IC 95% =1,13-10,99). 
Afin d'eviter de que de telles epidemies ne se reproduisent dans cet hotel, il est necessaire de mettre en place des mesures pour le controle regulier de la qualite de l'eau, et d'ameliorer les normes d'hygiene vis a vis de la manipulation des aliments. Une formation sanitaire de base pour toutes les personnes appelees a manipuler des aliments devrait etre obligatoire. 
Des recommandations internationales pour la gestion des epidemies d'origine alimentaire et hydrique dans les centres touristiques devraient etre emises, en impliquant toutes les autorites competentes des pays d'origine et de destination.
Raccomandazioni per la gestione di profilassi post-esposizione all'HIV dopo esposizioni sessuale, parenterale e altre, in Europa
Authors: J Almeda, J Casabona Barbarà, B Simon, M Gérard, D Rey, V Puro, T Thomas
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2004)

La profilassi post-esposizione (PPE) costituisce lo standard di cura per gli operatori sanitari (OS) accidentalmente esposti a una persona fonte infetta da HIV (esposizione occupazionale), ma questo non e il caso delle esposizioni non occupazionali. Esistono pochissime linee guida per la gestione delle esposizioni non occupazionali all'HIV in Europa, contrariamente a quelle occupazionali. La somministrazione di profilassi post-esposizione non occupazionale (PPENOS) per HIV puo essere giustificata da: la plausibilita biologica, l'efficacia di una PPE negli studi animali e in esposizioni occupazionali nell'uomo, l'efficacia della prevenzione della trasmissione dell'HIV dalla madre al figlio, e studi di costo-efficacia. Queste evidenze, il fatto che certe esposizioni non occupazionali presentino maggiore o simile rischio di trasmissione dell'HIV di quelle occupazionali, e informazioni contrastanti sulle attitudini e pratiche tra i medici sulla PPENOS, hanno portato alla proposta di queste raccomandazioni europee. I membri del progetto europeo sulla PPENOS (progetto n. 2000CVG4-022), finanziato dalla Commissione Europea, si sono incontrati tra dicembre 2000 e dicembre 2002 in tre riunioni formali e in una sessione di lavoro di due giorni; i partecipanti erano esperti riconosciuti della trasmissione e prevenzione di infezioni trasmesse dal sangue. Durante il workshop hanno fatto una revisione bibliografica sulla valutazione del rischio, e hanno sviluppato raccomandazioni europee per la gestione delle PPENOS. La PPENOS viene raccomandata in caso di sesso anale non protetto e scambio di ago o siringa quando si sa che la persona fonte e HIV positiva o proviene da un gruppo di popolazione con alta prevalenza di HIV. Come PPE si puo usare qualsiasi combinazione di farmaci disponibili per i pazienti infetti da HIV e sono da preferirsi i regimi piu semplici e meno tossici. La PPE dovrebbe essere somministrata entro 72 ore dal momento dell'esposizione, cominciando il piu presto possibile e per 4 settimane. Dovrebbe essere fatto un esame medico a ogni paziente, compresi test per la ricerca di anticorpi all'HIV, monitoraggio della tossicita dei farmaci e counseling periodico per almeno 6 mesi dopo l'esposizione. La PPENOS sembra essere una pratica clinica fattibile e frequente in Europa. Le raccomandazioni per la sua gestione sono state raggiunte per consenso, ma alcune rimangono controverse, e dovrebbero essere periodicamente aggiornate. La PPENOS non dovrebbe mai essere considerata come una strategia di prevenzione primaria e la decisione finale per la sua prescrizione deve essere fatta sulla base del rapporto medico-paziente. Infine, sara utile un sistema di sorveglianza di questi casi per monitorare le pratiche PPENOS in Europa.