tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 15393: Cholesterol Esterifying Enzyme Acat2 - A Target for Cardiometabolic Diseases
Authors: Camilla Pramfalk, Osman Ahmed, Lilian Larsson, Fredrik Karpe, Matthew J Neville, Mats Eriksson, Paolo Parini
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction and Hypothesis: The cholesterol esterifying enzyme acyl-Coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2, encoded by Soat2) is exclusively expressed in enterocytes and hepatocytes. Soat2-/- mice do not develop atherosclerosis or diet-induced hypercholesterolemia, and accumulate less triglycerides and cholesteryl esters in the liver (hepatic steatosis) when fed a high fat-cholesterol diet. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α and 4α play important roles in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and function as positive regulators of the human SOAT2 gene. This together with the association between hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, prompted us: 1) to investigate the role of ACAT2 in hepatic steatosis and a potential association between ACAT2 and insulin sensitivity, 2) to assess the effects of different dietary regimens, and 3) to study potential sex-related differences. Methods: Wild type and Soat2-/- mice were either fed a high-fat (but low in cholesterol), a high-carbohydrate, or a chow diet. Serum, liver, adipose and muscle tissues were analyzed. Oral glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed. Plasma from humans bearing a rare exonic variant was analyzed. Results: Soat2-/- mice fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks develop less hepatic steatosis, were more insulin sensitive, had lower hepatic expression of glucose transporter 2 and fat specific protein 27 (FSP27, named Cidec in humans). Similar findings were present in Soat2-/- mice fed a high-carbohydrate diet for two weeks. Carrier of a rare exonic variant in CIDEC (rs140125102, Pro73Thr) had lower insulin and HOMA-IR compared to non-carriers. Conclusions: Genetic depletion of ACAT2 dramatically reduces hepatic steatosis and improves insulin sensitivity via downregulation of hepatic FSP27/Cidec expression independently of sex and diets. Inhibition of ACAT2 may thus be a strategy to treat cardiometabolic diseases.
The mind of the market: Lay beliefs about the economy as a willful, goal-oriented agent
Authors: Matthias Forstmann, Pascal Burgmer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2018)

Abstract We propose an extension to Boyer &amp; Petersen's (B&amp;P's) framework for folk-economic beliefs, suggesting that certain evolutionarily acquired cognitive inference systems can cause modern humans to perceive abstract systems such as the economy as willful, goal-oriented agents. Such an anthropomorphized view, we argue, can have meaningful effects on people's moral evaluations of these agents, as well as on their political and economic behavior.
Optimizing pH-sensitive and time-dependent polymer formula of colonic pH-responsive pellets to achieve precise drug release
Authors: Lijun Song, Liping Liang, Xiaoying Shi, Honglang Chen, Shumin Zhao, Wenfeng Chen, Ruoxia Zhou, Wenchang Zhao
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2018)

Time-sensitive and pH-dependent polymers are generally employed to prepare colon-site delivery system, and their coating thickness and order are very important in controlling the drug release. The traditional colon-site delivery systems consist of time-dependent polymers as inner layer and pH-sensitive polymers as outer layer. However, they suffer from low drug-loading rate and immature drug release. In this study, total alkaloids of sophora alopecuroides(TASA)-loaded pellets were prepared by extrusion-spheronization method and coated with Eudragit RS30D and Eudragit S100. Pellets using Eudragit RS30D as inner layer and Eudragit S100 as outer layer were named as ERS-ES100 TCO, while pellets with Eudragit S100 as inner layer and Eudragit RS30D as outer layer were ES100-ERS NCO. Both types of formulations with varying coating ratios and orders of Eudragit S100 and Eudragit RS30D were designed and prepared. The following
Pro-resolving lipid mediators in vascular disease
Authors: Michael S. Conte, Tejal A. Desai, Bian Wu, Melinda Schaller, Evan Werlin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2018)

Unresolved inflammation is central to the pathophysiology of commonly occurring vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, aneurysm, and deep vein thrombosis — conditions that are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. Surgical or catheter-based procedures performed on affected blood vessels induce acute-on-chronic inflammatory responses. The resolution of vascular inflammation is an important driver of vessel wall remodeling and functional recovery in these clinical settings. Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids orchestrate key cellular processes driving resolution and a return to homeostasis. The identification of their potent effects in classic animal models of sterile inflammation triggered interest in their vascular properties. Recent studies have demonstrated that SPMs are locally synthesized in vascular tissues, have direct effects on vascular cells and their interactions with leukocytes, and play a protective role in the injury response. Early translational work has established the potential for SPMs as vascular therapeutics, and as candidate biomarkers in vascular disease. Further investigations are needed to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of resolution in the vasculature, to improve tools for clinical measurement, and to better define the potential for “resolution therapeutics” in vascular patients.
Abstract 13213: Sex-related Differences in Symptom Status Among Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Steffen Blum, Christoph Muff, Peter Ammann, Paul Erne, Giorgio Moschovitis, Marcello Di Valentino, Dipen Shah, Jürg Schläpfer, Andreas Fischer, Tamara Merkel, Michael Kühne, Christian Sticherling, Stefan Osswald, David Conen
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: Many patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have symptoms related to the arrhythmia, but little is known about sex-specific differences. We therefore prospectively assessed sex-specific differences in health perception, overall symptom status and a comprehensive panel of specific symptoms in a large cohort of AF patients. Methods: We performed a prospective multicenter observational cohort study of 1550 AF patients, who were enrolled between 2010 and 2014. All patients completed questionnaires about personal characteristics, co-morbidities and symptoms on a yearly basis. Results: Mean age was 70±11 years among women and 67±12 years among men. Health perception on a visual analogue scale was significantly lower in women than in men (67±20 vs. 72±18 respectively; p&lt; 0.0001). Compared to men, more women had any symptoms (85.0% vs. 68.3%; p&lt; 0.0001), palpitations (65.2% vs. 44.4%; p&lt; 0.0001), dizziness (25.6% vs. 13.5%; p&lt; 0.0001), dyspnea (35.7% vs. 21.8; p&lt; 0.0001) and fatigue (25.3 vs. 19.1; p= 0.006). One year after baseline, symptoms decreased in both sexes, but remained more frequent in women (49% vs. 33%, p&lt; 0.0001). These findings persisted after two years (48% vs. 32%, p&lt; 0.0001) and after three years (41% vs. 31%, p= 0.02). After multivariable adjustment, female sex remained an independent predictor for a lower health perception (ß = -5.4 [95% confidence (CI) -7.4; -3.3] p&lt; 0.0001), any symptoms (odds ratio (OR) 3.0 [95%CI 2.2; 4.1] p&lt; 0.0001), palpitations (OR 2.8 [95%Cl 2.2; 3.7] p&lt; 0.0001), dizziness (OR 2.3 [95%Cl 1.7; 3.1] p&lt; 0.0001), dyspnea (OR 2.0 [95%Cl 1.5; 2.6] p&lt; 0.0001) and fatigue (OR 1.7 [95%Cl 1.3; 2.3] p&lt; 0.0001). Similar results were obtained one year after baseline (follow-up) as presented in the Table. Conclusions: Women with AF had a substantially higher symptom burden and a lower health perception than men. These relationships persisted after comprehensive multivariable adjustment and during prospective follow-up.
Abstract 16191: Phospholamban Regulates Perinuclear/nuclear Calcium Dynamics in Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Adonis Z Wu, Yi-Hsin Chan, Shien-Fong Lin, Peng-Sheng Chen, Zhenhui Chen
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Phospholamban (PLB) regulates cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca 2+ -ATPase (SERCA2a), thus modulating SR Ca 2+ dynamics. Recent studies demonstrated that SERCA is involved in Ca 2+ uptake into the lumen of nuclear envelope (NE) of cardiomyocytes (CMs). However, the regulatory role of PLB on Ca 2+ uptake into NE remains unknown. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that PLB is also responsible for modulating nuclear Ca 2+ dynamics. Methods: Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy was used to determine subcellular expression of PLB. By using fluo-4 based confocal line-scan Ca 2+ imaging, we measured spontaneous Ca 2+ waves (SCWs) across both cytoplasmic and nuclear regions in isolated permeabilized mouse CMs. Results: Several anti-PLB antibodies strongly stained PLB at both SR and the perinuclear membranes in CMs. A PLB peptide (residues 1-31) eliminated all these anti-PLB antibody stains. To identify the functional role of PLB expressed in the perinuclear membranes, we took advantage of our recently established method that a Fab fragment of anti-PLB monoclonal antibody (Fab) reversed PLB inhibition specifically and increased SR Ca 2+ uptake and release. SCWs through the nuclear regions had typically relative low fluorescent amplitude (F/F 0 ) and slow decay time (t 1/2 ) compared to that in the cytoplasmic region. At the free intracellular Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] i ) of 400 nM, Fab (100 μg/mL) significantly enhanced F/F 0 and decreased t 1/2 of SCWs in both cytoplasmic and nuclear regions. After addition of Fab, F/F 0 of SCWs through the nuclear regions increased from 0.91±0.16 to 1.27±0.19 (n=9, p&lt;.05) while t 1/2 decreased from 137.6±18.5 ms to 105.0±11.3 ms, (p&lt;.05). Similar effects were also observed after phosphorylation of PLB by addition of 20 μM cAMP (F/F 0 =1.43±0.11 vs. 1.04±0.14 in control, p&lt;.05; t 1/2 =107.82±10.9 ms vs. 139.21±20.1 ms in control, n=6, p&lt;.05). At high [Ca 2+ ] i of 1000 nM where PLB does not inhibit SERCA2a, addition of cAMP or Fab had no significant effect on SCWs in both cytoplasmic and nuclear regions. Conclusions: We demonstrated that PLB is expressed in and around NE. Acute removal of PLB inhibition increased perinuclear/nuclear Ca 2+ uptake and release. PLB is critically involved in nuclear Ca 2+ signaling modulation.
Abstract 213: Sensitivity and Specificity of Paramedic Judgment for Determining Cardiac Etiology of Arrest
Authors: Michael P Mallin, Sydney Hartsell, Scott Youngquist
Journal: Circulation (2014)

BACKGROUND: On-scene paramedics (PMs) document the presumed etiology of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) for whom resuscitation is attempted in our EMS system. We sought to characterize the s...
Value of 18F-FET PET in Patients With Suspected Tumefactive Demyelinating Disease—Preliminary Experience From a Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Massimo Barbagallo, Abdulrahman A. Albatly, Simon Schreiner, Helen K. Hayward-Könnecke, Alfred Buck, Spyros S. Kollias, Martin W. Huellner
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

Purpose To investigate the diagnostic value of 18 F-fluoroethyl- L -tyrosine (FET) positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with suspected tumefactive demyelinating disease. Methods We retrospectively examined FET-PET and MR imaging of 21 patients (12 female, 9 male) with known demyelinating disease and newly diagnosed tumefactive lesions. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max ), time activity curves (TAC) and lesion-to-background ratio (TBR) of these lesions were calculated. The standard of reference consisted of biopsy and/or follow-up imaging. FET parameters of true neoplastic lesions and tumefactive demyelinating lesions were compared using Mann-Whitney U-test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results Nine patients (42.9%) had neoplastic lesions, 12 patients (57.1%) had tumefactive demyelinating lesions. TBR max , SUV max and TAC were significantly different between demyelinating lesions and neoplastic lesions: Tumors had a higher TBR max (3.53 ± 1.09 vs. 1.48 ± 0.31, respectively; P &lt; 0.001) and SUV max (3.95 ± 1.59 vs. 1.86 ± 0.50, respectively; P &lt; 0.001) than tumefactive demyelinating lesions. The TAC of tumors was significantly higher compared to tumefactive demyelinating lesions at all time points ( P &lt; 0.05). ROC analysis revealed that a TBR max threshold of 2.2 and a SUV max threshold of 2.5 could reliably differentiate tumor and tumefactive demyelination (area under the curve, 1.000 and 0.958, respectively). Conclusion In patients with demyelinating disease, FET-PET parameters TBR max (cut-off 2.2) and SUV max (cut-off 2.5) are able to distinguish tumefactive demyelinations from true neoplastic lesions.
The Measurement of Visual Acuity.
Journal: JAMA (1933)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
SAT0307 Impact of the modified rheumatic disease comorbidity index(MRDCI) on drug survival of first line anti-tnfΑ drugs in patents affected with psoriatic arthritis in real life setting
Authors: M. Fornaro, V. Venerito, L. Cantarini, M.G. Anelli, F. Cacciapaglia, G. Lopalco, G. Lapadula, F. Iannone
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

<h3>Background</h3> Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) is a chronic condition resulting in significant physical disability and, in many cases, accelerated mortality. Studies have shown that patients with PsA suffer also from associated comorbidities, including cardiovascular diseases, obesity and metabolic syndrome, diabetes, osteoporosis, malignancy and depression; these could also play a role in determining discontinuation from therapy, especially if anti-TNFα drugs are prescribed. <h3>Objectives</h3> Our study's goal is to demonstrate the impact of comorbidities on drug survival of first line anti-TNFα treatment in a cohort of patients affected with PsA. <h3>Methods</h3> We retrospectively assessed 208 patients, (136 female, 72 male) mean age (±SD) 51.35±12.34 years, fulfilling the CASPAR criteria for PsA who underwent first line anti-TNFα therapy in two centres for a mean duration of 23.34±15.50, from 2011 to 2016. Disease characteristics were registered at first entry. To evaluate the burden of comorbidities we used the modified Rheumatic Disease Comorbidity Index (mRDCI),<sup>1</sup> a validated score including lung illnesses, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, hypertension, gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes, fractures, depression, obesity, kidney diseases and cancer. The mRDCI was scored at baseline as well. Drug retention was analysed using Kaplan-Maier curves. Cox regression models were used to estimate the inference of mRDCI and several disease characteristics on drug discontinuation. Goodness of fit of the final model was assessed comparing Cox-Snell residuals to Nelson-Alen cumulative hazard function. <h3>Results</h3> Drug persitence in first line therapy was significantly higher in patients with mRDCI &lt;4 (70.43%) than in those with mRDCI ≥4 (45.45%). Compared to mRDCI ≥4, those with mRDCI &lt;4 showed significantly higher drug survival rate (p=0.018). Multivariate Cox model showed that mRDCI ≥4 (HR 1.94) and female gender (HR 2.39) were strong predictors of drug discontinuation. Nelson–Alen hazard function followed very closely Cox-Snell residuals showed final model fitted well the data except for large values of time. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study shows that an high mRDCI at baseline negatively impacts the persistence on first line anti-TNFα treatment in patients affected with PsA in real life setting; hence Rheumatologists should take into account comorbidities in the management of PsA and in admninistering anti-TNFα therapy as these may condition the persistence on therapy. <h3>Reference</h3> [1] Staetgens, et al. Content and construct validity of the Rheumatic Diseases Comorbidity Index in patients with gout. Rheumatology2015Sep;54(9):1659–1663. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Determining the likelihood that fatigue was present in a road accident: A theoretical review and suggested accident taxonomy
Authors: Drew Dawson, Amy C. Reynolds, Hans P.A. Van Dongen, Matthew J.W. Thomas
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2018)

Estimates in developed countries of the extent to which fatigue contributes to road accidents range from as low as 5% to as high as 50% of all accidents. Compared with other causes of road accidents (e.g., speeding, drink-driving), the variability in these estimates is exceptionally high and may be indicative of the difficulty in determining the likelihood of fatigue as a cause of road accidents. This review compares differences in the way road accidents are classified as fatigue-related (or not) by expert panels and road safety regulators, highlighting conflicting conceptual approaches, lack of consistency, and the poor psychometric qualities of classification rules used across jurisdictions. In order to facilitate future research, the review then proposes a new theoretical approach and a potentially more logical accident 'taxonomy'. A putative accident 'taxonomy' is proposed using two dimensions: (1) estimating the likelihood that a driver was fatigued at the time of the accident, and (2) estimating the degree to which accident phenomenology is consistent with fatigue-related error. This 'taxonomy' could assist accident investigators and road safety regulators to more reliably quantify the contribution of fatigue to road accidents, and may also assist researchers and regulators in the post-hoc interrogation of existing accident databases to better determine the relative incidence of fatigue-related road accidents.
Abstract 18627: Trends in Use of Advanced Therapies and Mortality in Adults Hospitalized With Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Jignesh K Patel, Hongdao Meng, Puja B Parikh
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: While substantial advances have been made in the management of cardiac arrest (CA), little is known regarding the prevalence of these advancements and their impact on inpatient outcom...
Abstract 15885: Can Vaginal Delivery Reduce the Intergenerational Transmission of Overweight and Obesity? Findings From the Boston Birth Cohort
Authors: Noel T Mueller, Guangyun Mao, Wendy Bennet, Suchitra Hourigan, Maria Gloria Dominguez-Bello, Lawrence J Appel, Xiaobin Wang
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: It has been hypothesized that the association between mother and child body weight is influenced by mother-to-newborn transmission of microbiota at birth. Birth mode (Cesarean vs. vag...
No Benefit for Women From Sigmoidoscopy Screening
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract P149: Utility of the Rate Your Plate Diet Survey in Patients Presenting for Coronary Angiography: Higher Diet Quality is Associated with Lower Measures of Body Adiposity
Authors: Lisa Ganguzza, Calvin Ngai, Joseph Burdowski, Laura Flink, Peter Joe, Vicky Chiang, Victor Acosta, Shivani Mohan, Binita Shah, Kathleen Woolf
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Dietary patterns play a significant role in the development of obesity and atherosclerotic heart disease. Healthcare providers need tools to quickly and easily assess diet quality. Hypothesis: The objective of this study was to examine the association between self-reported diet quality and measures of body adiposity in adults presenting for coronary angiography. We assessed the hypothesis that there is an association between diet quality and measures of body adiposity including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Methods: This prospective study enrolled subjects (n=185) who presented for coronary angiography at a tertiary medical center in New York City between February and September 2015. Potential subjects were approached in the waiting room prior to their scheduled procedure. Subjects who had previously undergone coronary revascularization, presented for emergent revascularization, or spoke languages other than English or Spanish as their primary language were excluded. Enrolled subjects completed an interview-administered Rate Your Plate - Heart survey, a 24-question tool designed to capture qualitative information related to fat intake, animal protein/dairy, servings of fruit, vegetables, whole grains, snacks, and sweets in 10 minutes. Scores range from 24 to 72, and higher scores indicated better diet quality. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured by trained personnel to calculate BMI and WHtR. Participants were divided into two groups based on their survey scores (≥58 or ≤57): high (n=47) and low (n=138) diet quality. Measures of adiposity were compared using independent sample t test and correlations between diet score and measures of adiposity were examined using Pearson correlation test. Level of significance was set at p&lt;0.05. Results: Of the 185 subjects, 114 were men (62%) and average age was 60.6 ± 11.8 years, BMI 29.2 ± 6.6 kg/m2, WC 103.9 ± 15.8 cm, and WHtR 0.61 ± 0.09. Subjects in the high diet quality group had significantly lower markers of body adiposity than participants in the low diet quality group. (BMI: 26.6 ± 4.0 kg/m2 vs 30.2 ± 7.1 kg/m2, p&lt;0.001; WC: 97.9 ± 11.5 cm vs 105.9 ± 16.6 cm, p&lt;0.001; WHtR: 0.58 ± 0.07 vs 0.63 ± 0.09, p&lt;0.001). There were significant negative correlations between diet score and measures of body adiposity (BMI: r= -0.30, p&lt;0.001; WC: r= -0.29, p&lt;0.001; WHtR r= -0.24, p=0.001). Conclusions: Higher diet quality scores correlate with lower measures of body adiposity. Rate Your Plate - Heart survey is an appropriate instrument to capture diet quality prior to coronary angiography in a high-volume clinical setting. Further research to test the validity of this tool as a marker of atherosclerotic heart disease is warranted.