tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Social environment as a predictor of smoking cessation and recidivism in lung cancer survivors.
Authors: Lawson Eng, Jie Su, Prakruthi R. Palepu, Henrique Hon, Ehab Fadhel, Luke Harland, Anthony La Delfa, Steven Habbous, Aidin Kashigar, Sinead Cuffe, Natasha B. Leighl, Andrew Pierre, David P. Goldstein, Geoffrey Liu, Wei Xu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

9032 Background: Smoking during cancer treatment negatively impacts treatment, survival and quality of life. Lung cancer patients with a smoking history often continue to smoke; some ex-smokers re-start after diagnosis. Social environment impacts cessation and recidivism rates in non-cancer patients. We assessed whether the same influences occur among lung cancer patients. Methods: Lung cancer patients, recruited from Princess Margaret Hospital, completed a baseline questionnaire about their demographics and smoking history (at diagnosis). A follow-up questionnaire was administered at a median of two years, assessing changes in smoking habits, exposure at home/work/among friends, healthcare use, social support and alcohol use since diagnosis. The relationship between each variable with cessation/recidivism was analyzed. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Results: 478 patients completed both questionnaires. Of the 100 current smokers at diagnosis; 52 quit by the time of the follow-up questionnaire. Among 294 ex-smokers, 15 started to smoke after diagnosis. None of the 84 never smokers at baseline started to smoke after diagnosis. Exposure to smoking at home was associated with continued smoking and relapse (OR=5.1, 95% CI: 1.8–14.3, p=0.001; and OR=3.9, 95% CI: 0.8–14.4, p=0.04, respectively). Specifically, spousal smoking was associated with both continued smoking (OR=7.3, 95% CI: 2.4–21.7, p=2.0E-04) and recidivism (OR=3.7, 95% CI: 0.6–16.6, p=0.08). Having more than a few friends who smoke is associated with continued smoking (OR=3.5, 95% CI: 1.4–8.7, p=0.005) and relapse (OR=4.8, 95% CI: 1.5–15.0, p=0.004). Not completing high school was also associated with continued smoking (OR=3.0, 95% CI: 1.2–7.6, p=0.02). Multivariate analysis identified spousal smoking as the major single predictor of continued smoking (OR=8.8, 95% CI: 2.2–34.8, p=0.002). Conclusions: Smoking cessation programs for lung cancer patients should not only target the patient but also include the immediate family, consider a patient’s peers and be tailored to the patient’s education level. Involvement of the immediate family and consideration of peers may help prevent smoking relapse.
Part II: Psychotherapy of Adolescents
Authors: Nettie Attardo, F.H. Edwards, J. Evans, K.D. Hoppe, J. Molnar, J.E. Newell, Shirley Hoxter, D. Langen, M. Laufer, Margaret A. Marshall, Lillian Weinberg, Doreen Martin, W.J. Zeise, Erika Elsaesser
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1965)
Changing symptom burden in cancer patients: Does physician-patient communication cover physical, psychological and social discomfort? A Survey among 2009 German patients.
Authors: Felix Karl Tauchert, Ulli Simone Bankstahl, Eva Caroline Winkler, Ralf Hofheinz, Norbert Marschner, Julia Quidde, Matthias Hipp, Heinz-Gert Hoeffkes, Martin Weber, Jorg Trojan, Michael Van Kampen, Wolfgang M. Brueckl, Elke Jaeger, Salah-Eddin Al-Batran
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e17717 Background: Progress in supportive cancer care has been made followed by a change in burden experienced by patients. Using a list of such burdening factors from physical, psychological and social context, we investigated which of those most affects quality of life of cancer patients. We also evaluated how satisfied patients are with the attention these factors receive in physician-patient communication. Methods: Patients from 22 oncology centers in Germany were asked to provide information about basic demographics, their disease and treatment, and a simple scoring of their physical, psychological and social burden (17 items) along with the attention these factors receive in physician-patient communication. Data were collected and descriptively analyzed. Results: Questionnaires from 2009 patients were collected (mean age: 61.4y, 57.8% female). Most frequent malignancies were breast (442), colorectal (246), lymphomas (123) and lung cancer (116). Most patients (83.3%) were under treatment and half of them had metastatic disease. The most frequent strongly distressing factors were “what is going to happen” (35%), “physical weakness” (28.3%), “fears & worries” (23.6%), and “tiredness & lack of concentration” (23.1%). Typical cancer and treatment associated symptoms such as “nausea & vomiting” (5.7%), “diarrhea” (6.0%), or “pain” (11.1%) were less frequently represented. Most of patients were satisfied with physician-patient communication regarding “pain” and “nausea & vomiting” ( > 75% each). Lowest satisfaction rates were reported for “sexual life” (39.8%), “fears & worries” (48.7%), and “social problems” (50.8%). As expected, symptoms differed between cancer entities and known side effects gathered more attention in the communication in particular subgroups. Conclusions: There is a major shift in burden experienced by cancer patients, from typical cancer/treatment associated symptoms to psychological/cognitive aspects and fatigue. Communication, however, is still focused on “older” aspects and needs adjustment.
Population‐Specific Resequencing Associates the ATP‐Binding Cassette Subfamily C Member 4 Gene With Gout in New Zealand Māori and Pacific Men
Authors: Callum Tanner, James Boocock, Eli A. Stahl, Amanda Dobbyn, Asim K. Mandal, Murray Cadzow, Amanda J. Phipps‐Green, Ruth K. Topless, Jennie Harré Hindmarsh, Lisa K. Stamp, Nicola Dalbeth, Hyon K. Choi, David B. Mount, Tony R. Merriman
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2017)

Objective There is no evidence for a genetic association between organic anion transporters 1–3 ( SLC22A6, SLC22A7, and SLC22A8 ) and multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4; encoded by ABCC4 ) with the levels of serum urate or gout. The Māori and Pacific (Polynesian) population of New Zealand has the highest prevalence of gout worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine whether any Polynesian population–specific genetic variants in SLC22A6–8 and ABCC4 are associated with gout. Methods All participants had ≥3 self‐reported Māori and/or Pacific grandparents. Among the total sample set of 1,808 participants, 191 hyperuricemic and 202 normouricemic individuals were resequenced over the 4 genes, and the remaining 1,415 individuals were used for replication. Regression analyses were performed, adjusting for age, sex, and Polynesian ancestry. To study the functional effect of nonsynonymous variants of ABCC4 , transport assays were performed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Results A total of 39 common variants were detected, with an ABCC4 variant (rs4148500) significantly associated with hyperuricemia and gout. This variant was monomorphic for the urate‐lowering allele in Europeans. There was evidence for an association of rs4148500 with gout in the resequenced samples (odds ratio [OR] 1.62 [ P = 0.012]) that was replicated (OR 1.25 [ P = 0.033]) and restricted to men (OR 1.43 [ P = 0.001] versus OR 0.98 [ P = 0.89] in women). The gout risk allele was associated with fractional excretion of uric acid in male individuals (β = −0.570 [ P = 0.01]). A rare population‐specific allele (P1036L) with predicted strong functional consequence reduced the uric acid transport activity of ABCC4 by 30%. Conclusion An association between ABCC4 and gout and fractional excretion of uric acid is consistent with the established role of MRP4 as a unidirectional renal uric acid efflux pump.
BRAF +/- MEK inhibition in patients (pts) with BRAF-mutant (mut) metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC): The Sarah Cannon Research Institute UK’s experience.
Authors: Mario Uccello, Michele Moschetta, Gabriel Mak, Nataliya Martynyuk, Joana Hauser, Sian Bassett, Mark Voskoboynik, Charlotte Lemech, Saeed Rafii, Hendrik-Tobias Arkenau
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

645 Background: Activating V600 BRAF mutations are detectable in around 10% of mCRC pts and are associated with poor prognosis. Low response rates have been reported with anti-BRAF monotherapy in this subset of pts while encouraging data exist on enhanced MAPK pathway inhibition with combination therapy (anti-BRAF + anti-MEK and/or anti-EGFR). Methods: We performed a pooled analysis of BRAF-mut mCRC pts enrolled into different phase 1 trials involving the use of anti-BRAF monotherapy alone (Group A) or in combination with a MEK inhibitor (Group B) at therapeutic doses between June 2012 and August 2016. Demographic, baseline, toxicity and efficacy data were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Twenty BRAF-mut mCRC pts were identified in either Group A (n = 13) or Group B (n = 7). All pts had an ECOG performance status ≤ 1. Median age was 54 years (range 33-74). The primary tumor was right-sided in 10 (50%) pts, left-sided in 9 (45%) pts, and unknown in 1 (5%) subject. Median number of previous treatment lines was 1 (range 1-4). The disease control rate was 55%, with 3 (15%) pts experiencing partial response (PR) and 8 (40%) with stable disease. No complete responses were observed, 8 (40%) pts had progressive disease and 1 subject was considered not evaluable. All PRs were achieved in Group B and had duration of 2-4 months (mo). Median PFS was 3.73 mo (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.06-6.79) in the overall population, and showed a trend favoring the combination arm (2.80 mo for Group A vs. 5.03 mo for Group B, hazard ratio 0.71 [CI 0.26-1.95], p = 0.503). Most common toxicities were skin-related side effects (n = 10; 50%), myalgia/arthralgia (n = 5; 25%), nausea (n = 3; 15%), and pyrexia (n = 3; 15%). Grade 3/4 toxicities were uncommon and manageable: neutropenia (n = 1; 5%), hypophosphatemia (n = 1; 5%), pyrexia (n = 1; 5%), and abdominal pain (n = 1; 5%). Conclusions: Our cohort of pts treated with BRAF +/- MEK inhibitors showed a favorable safety profile. An encouraging activity level was found in the combination arm. In line with existing literature data, our findings supporting further development of combined MAPK inhibition in V600-positive mCRC.
Triphasic Exponential Decline of BCR-ABL Transcripts during Imatinib Therapy for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia.
Authors: Koichi Miyamura, Kazunori Ohnishi, Tomoki Naoe, Hitoshi Takeuchi, Nishimura Yoshiki, Fumiharu Yagasaki, Shin Fujisawa, Yukihiko Kimura, Toshiko Motoji, Kiyotoshi Imai, Takahisa Yamane, Shinichiro Yoshida, Shuichi Miyawaki, Yoshio Saburi, Kunio Kitamura, Ryuzo Ohno
Journal: Blood (2005)
Does hepatectomy approach influence transfusion? An analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.
Authors: Jack P Silva, Nicholas G Berger, Susan Tsai, Kathleen K. Christians, Callisia Clarke, Harveshp Mogal, T. Clark Gamblin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

447 Background: Transfusion is one of the causes of morbidity in hepatectomy, and is a predictor of mortality and cancer recurrence. This study sought to analyze the role of surgical approach in the incidence of transfusion in a large national dataset. Methods: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database identified patients undergoing hepatectomy between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2014. Demographic information, surgical approach, perioperative characteristics, and short-term postoperative outcomes were compared for patients with and without perioperative red blood cell transfusion. Transfusions occurring from surgical start time to 72 hours postoperatively were included in the dataset. Results: A total of 3,064 patients were included in this study. Patients with right lobectomy and trisegmentectomy were more likely to receive transfusion compared to left and partial lobectomies (p &lt; 0.001). Rate of transfusion was highest in unplanned minimally invasive conversion to open hepatectomy compared to open hepatectomy and minimally invasive surgery (25.2% vs. 21.2% vs. 6.7% respectively, p &lt; 0.001). Patients requiring transfusion were more likely to suffer from other morbidity (47.1% vs. 19.6%, p &lt; 0.001), had a longer median length of stay (7 vs. 5 days, p &lt; 0.001), higher readmission rates (14.2% vs. 9.4%, p = 0.001), and higher 30-day mortality (4.9% vs. 0.8%, p &lt; 0.001) compared to patients not receiving blood transfusions. Conclusions: Transfusion is the most common morbidity-defining complication associated with hepatectomy. Perioperative outcomes are significantly improved if no transfusion was needed. Further work should focus on avoiding unplanned conversion and minimizing blood loss.
A phase I study of CNTO328, an anti-interleukin (IL)-6 monoclonal antibody combined with docetaxel in subjects with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)
Authors: G. Hudes, S. Tagawa, Y. Whang, M. Qi, X. Qin, T. Puchalski, U. Prabhakar, K. O’Brien, M. Eisenberger
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

5063 Background: IL-6 is a potential mediator of prostate cancer morbidity and mortality and may protect prostate cancer cells from chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. CNTO328, a chimeric anti-IL-6 antibody, has been shown to inhibit prostate tumor growth in xenograft mouse models. Methods: Chemotherapy-naïve patients with metastatic CRPC were administered CNTO328 in combination with T (75 mg/m2 q3w) in 3 dose-escalation cohorts (6 mg/kg q2w, and 9 and 12 mg/kg q3w) following an initial run-in cycle of T alone to examine the effect of CNTO328 on T pharmacokinetics (PK). Safety was evaluated prior to each dose escalation. Prostate specific antigen (PSA), radiological response, and C-reactive protein (CRP), the best-known surrogate of serum IL-6 bioactivity, were also assessed. Results: This study is fully enrolled December 2008 with 38 patients. 36 patients with KPS ≥70, median age 66 (range 43–82) received 6 (median) cycles of T (range 1–37). 32 patients received at least one dose of CNTO328 in combination with T and are evaluable. Baseline patient characteristics included: median PSA of 59 ng/mL (range 12–1430) and median CRP was 3.85 mg/L (range &lt;1 to 91.3). One DLT was observed in each cohort (grade 4 neutropenic infection, grade 3 syncope and dehydration, grade 3 GI bleeding), though MTD for the combination was not reached. Most frequent ≥grade 3 adverse events (AE) were neutropenia (69%); leukopenia (63%); lymphopenia (31%); dyspnea (19%); fatigue (16%). One patient died due to AE (sepsis) reported as possible related to T and unlikely related to CNTO328 by investigator. Preliminary data show CNTO328 does not appear to have a major effect on T PK. Preliminary efficacy data is shown in the table . Ongoing evaluation indicates 3/12 partial responses in patients with measurable disease reported thus far. Conclusions: CNTO328 with T is well tolerated and demonstrates biological and clinical activity in CRPC that warrants further study. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
TACKLE DIRECTION AND DOMINANT SIDE AFFECT UPPER BODY LOADING DURING RUGBY TACKLES
Authors: Elena Seminati, Dario Cazzola, Ezio Preatoni, Keith Stokes, Sean Williams, Grant Trewartha
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Background Approximately 25% of Rugby Union injuries occur to players executing a tackle and they mostly involve upper-body regions. Objective To investigate how upper-body biomechanical loading changes depending on the tackle characteristics, such as side of body used and direction of approach. Design A repeated-measures study where a group of Rugby Union players performed full tackling trials against a bespoke tackle simulator. Two conditions (both within-group factors) were analysed: laterality (left/right shoulder) and direction (front/diagonal/lateral) of the tackler's approach. Setting A laboratory-based study. Patients (or Participants) Six male players (26.7±7.6 years, 1.82±0.09 m, 95.7±14.0 kg), all right-side dominant. Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors) Participants completed up to 2 dynamic tackles in each of the 6 testing conditions. A 40 kg punch-bag was accelerated manually to simulate the ball carrier and the tackler executed a full tackling movement bringing the punch-bag to the ground. Main Outcome Measurements Peak shoulder impact forces and head linear accelerations were measured through pressure sensors and inertial measurement units. Linear mixed models and magnitude-based inferences were used to assess differences between conditions. Results Dominant (right) shoulder tackles in the frontal direction generated the highest impact forces (5.3±1.0 kN), and overall they were substantially higher (by 15%) than non-dominant (left) shoulder tackles. Impact load decreased going from frontal to diagonal −3%) and lateral tackling (−10%). The lowest peak head accelerations (substantially lower [−5%] compared to frontal tackles) were recorded during diagonal tackles, with the right shoulder (9.1±3.5 g). Conclusions Both laterality (dominant side) and tackle direction have a substantial effect on the loads applied to the upper-body. Where feasible, the tackler should approach from a slightly offset angle from frontal and coaching should aim to reduce the deficiencies in tackling technique on the non-dominant side.
Cytochrome P450 interacting medication use in adult advanced solid tumor and phase I trial patients.
Authors: Kari Braun Wisinski, Colby Austin Cantu, Jens C. Eickhoff, Kurt Osterby, Amye Tevaarwerk, Glenn Liu, George Wilding, Susan Johnston, Jill Kolesar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

2591 Background: Cancer patients often take multiple medications increasing the potential for drug-drug interactions. There is limited data regarding the frequency of cytochrome P450 (CYP) medication use in advanced cancer patients or among subjects enrolling in phase I trials. The objective of this study was to characterize medication use in adult advanced solid tumor patients, including those in phase I trials. Methods: We evaluated the electronic health record for medication use in adult patients with advanced solid tumors seen at the University of Wisconsin from 1/2008-7/2011. Two cohorts (metastatic and phase I) were established. Demographics, co-morbidities, and medications were abstracted. Each medication’s CYP-interaction was classified using Lexicomp. We also reviewed charts from NCI-sponsored phase I trials from 1/2007- 12/2009 involving CYP interacting drugs. The CYP pathway affected, concurrent and contraindicated medications, and changes in medications for study eligibility were recorded. Results: Data from 1,773 patients were analyzed: 1,489 in the metastatic cohort [median age 62 (18-93), 52% female] and 284 in the phase I cohort [median age 59 (18-80), 57% female]. Polypharmacy was seen in both groups (95% phase I vs. 80% metastatic; p<0.001). The majority of the metastatic cohort were taking CYP interacting medications (87% ≥ 1 inhibitor , 45% ≥ 1 inducer and 79% ≥ 1 sensitive substrate). Use of moderate-strong inducers or inhibitors was also common: ≥ 1 inducer (40% and 36%) and ≥ 1 inhibitor (61% and 66%), metastatic and phase I, respectively. Separately, 4 phase I trials were evaluated, involving 294 screened subjects – 3.8% screen failed due to interacting medications. Charts from 74 enrolled subjects revealed 655 concurrent medications (average 8.9/subject). 93 medications were CYP-interacting and 51(69%) subjects were on ≥1 interacting medication. Of the 93 medications: 38 (41%) were stopped and 41 (44%) were changed for study. Conclusions: CYP-interacting medication use is common in patients with advanced cancer. Medications are frequently discontinued or changed for enrollment in phase I trials. This has important implications for translating phase I results into practice.
Progress and challenges in maternal health in western China: a Countdown to 2015 national case study
Authors: Yanqiu Gao, Hong Zhou, Neha S Singh, Timothy Powell-Jackson, Stephen Nash, Min Yang, Sufang Guo, Hai Fang, Melisa Martinez Alvarez, Xiaoyun Liu, Jay Pan, Yan Wang, Carine Ronsmans
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2017)
FAK expression as a prognostic marker in colorectal cancer: A single institution study of 298 patients.
Authors: Lindy Davis, Felicia Lenzo, Lourdes Ylagan, Angela Omilian, Kristopher Attwood, William G. Cance
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

623 Background: Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is an attractive therapeutic target in solid cancers, but there is no method for patient selection based on FAK expression nor biomarker for therapeutic response. Previous FAK expression studies were not standardized and showed varying correlations. This single-institution study aims to define FAK expression patterns in colorectal cancer (CRC) and correlate with patient outcomes and expression in other solid cancers. Methods: We analyzed 635 samples from 298 patients (pt) with CRC using tissue microarrays (TMAs) stained for FAK and scored 0-3 by a single pathologist. The TMAs contained samples of 298 primary tumors with 290 matching normal tissue and 47 matching metastases. As an internal control, we examined FAK and outcomes in 135 breast cancer pt and 145 melanoma pt. FAK expression and pt outcomes were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis exact and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: FAK expression correlated with aggressive phenotype in CRC primaries. Matching normal colon had lower FAK than primaries (Mean FAK 0.61 vs 1.87, p &lt; 0.001). Higher primary tumor FAK was associated with higher tumor stage; the 88 T1-2 primaries had a mean FAK 1.54, compared to FAK 2.06 in the 99 T3-4 tumors (p &lt; 0.001). There was no difference in FAK among Stage II-IV pt, nor between mean FAK in the primaries (1.87) versus metastases (1.73). When FAK was dichotomized as high vs low (high = FAK &gt; 2), high primary tumor FAK was associated with shorter overall survival (OS). Median OS was 91 months (95% CI 73-130) in high FAK (n = 122 pt) vs 155 months (95% CI 124-196) in low FAK (n = 176 pt), p = 0.007. The OS rates at 5 and 10 years in high FAK were 65% and 43%, vs 79% and 61% in low FAK. FAK in CRC metastases did not correlate with OS (p = 0.945). In contrast, when CRC was compared to breast cancer and melanoma, FAK did not show the same correlations in outcome. Conclusions: For the first time, by standardizing FAK quantification, we have identified that FAK expression in the primary correlates with outcome in CRC. These data may have implications in selection of patients for adjuvant therapy. Normal colon and earlier stage CRC had lower FAK expression compared to more advanced stages, suggesting a therapeutic window for FAK as a target.