tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Metabolic syndrome in childhood cancer survivors.
Authors: Santhini thanga Tamilselvan, Julius Xavier Scott, Latha Sneha, Divyalakshmi J
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

145 Background: Reavan in 1988 noted that several risk factors for cardiovascular diseases commonly cluster together, and he recognised them as a disease, named syndrome X, currently known as metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is a group of disorders related to insulin resistance, characterized clinically by central obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension. There is a growing body of evidence indicating that pediatric cancer survivors are at a greater risk of developing metabolic syndrome. We studied the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children with cancer who completed their treatment and on follow up. Methods: All relevant past medical data (of the disease, treatment and all events) were collected from the medical records. Tanner staging was perfomred, height was measured using a Harpenden stadiometer. Weight/WAIST circumference were measured. The body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg)/(height (m)²). BMI ≥90 th centile as per CDC chart was taken as abnormal. Blood pressure was measured on the right arm of the patient. Presence of family history of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and hypercholesterolemia were taken. Fasting Blood sugar, insulin, HbA1C, lipid profile were done. We used IDF(International diabetes federation) criteria to assess the metabolic syndrome among cancer survivors. This study was approved by our university ethics comittee. Results: Seventy five children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Out of which 48 were males and 27 were females. Among these, majority of children are treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. 8.25% of total population satisfied the criteria of metabolic syndrome. Age, gender, diagnosis, modality of treatment were not to be of statistical significance, however majority of children with metabolic syndrome are in adolescent group. Conclusions: With the better care committed to children with cancer even in developing country, the survival rates are greatly improving and so metabolic syndrome is becoming the major target for intervention in the follow up of cancer survivors. As metabolic syndrome cannot treated by a single drug therapy, it is necessary to have cancer survivors follow up screening.
Prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viral infections in various subtypes of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: confirmation of the association with splenic marginal zone lymphoma
Authors: W Xiong, R Lv, H Li, Z Li, H Wang, W Liu, D Zou, L Qiu, S Yi
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2017)

Prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viral infections in various subtypes of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: confirmation of the association with splenic marginal zone lymphoma
PAZONET: Results of a phase II trial of pazopanib as a sequencing treatment in progressive metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) patients (pts), on behalf of the Spanish task force for NETs (GETNE)—NCT01280201.
Authors: Enrique Grande Pulido, Daniel E. Castellano, Rocio Garcia-Carbonero, Alex Teule, Ignacio Duran, Jose Fuster, Isabel Sevilla, P. Escudero, Javier Sastre, Jaume Capdevila
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

4119 Background: Pazopanib is an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the VEGFR, PDGFR and KIT that has demonstrated clinical activity in NETs. The aims of our study were to assess efficacy, safety and potential predictive biomarkers of pazopanib in pts with NETs who had previously failed to at least one antiangiogenic or mTOR inhibitor treatment. Methods: Pts presented locally-advanced or metastatic gastrointestinal or pancreatic NET disease documented as progressive. Pazopanib 800 mg was given daily until disease progression (DP) or unacceptable toxicity. Primary endpoint was Clinical Benefit Rate (CBR) defined as Complete Response plus Partial Response (PR) plus Stable Disease (SD) at 6 months by RECIST-V-1.0. Optimal two-stage Simon design was utilized with H1 and H0 set at 70 % and 50 % respectively, Kaplan-Meier estimates waere used for the analysis of time-to-event variables: 95% CI. Results: 33 pts were evaluable for response per protocol. 54.5% males, mean age 60.7±10.3 years. At 6 months, 2 pts had PR (6%), 26 SD (79%), and 5 DP (15%), thus the CBR was 85%. By subgroups, CBR was 100% in pts with no previous targeted therapy (7 pts), 89% in pts with previous mTOR inhibitors (9 pts), 83% in pts with previous antiangiogenics (12 pts), and 60% in pts with previous antiangiogenics and mTOR inhibitors (5 pts). The sum of the longest diameter of target lesions had a decrease over 10% in 22% of pts (29% without previous biological treatment, 22% mTOR without prior multitarget, 18% prior multitarget without mTor, and 20% with previous multitarget and mTOR. Median PFS was only reached in the subgroup of pts (26 pts) with previously treated with antiangiogenics and mTOR inhibitors (20.6 weeks, 95% CI, 10.4-30.8). Most frequent toxicities, any grade: asthenia (75%), diarrhoea (63%), nausea (42%). Translational studies on angiogenesis and inmunohistochemistry biomarkers and CTCs are ongoing. Conclusions: Pazopanib at 800 mg daily has promising activity in advanced NET regardless of previous treatment with other targeted therapies. This trial may introduce the concept of treatment sequencing with novel targeted agents in NETs.
Assessment of Epidemiologic Capacity in State and Territorial Health Departments—United States, 2004
Journal: JAMA (2005)

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Two faces of social-psychological realism
Authors: Nicholas Hoover Wilson, Julie Y Huang
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract This commentary places Jussim (2012) in dialogue with sociological perspectives on social reality and the political-academic nature of scientific paradigms. Specifically, we highlight how institutions, observers, and what is being observed intersect, and discuss the implications of this intersection on measurement within the social world. We then identify similarities between Jussim's specific narrative regarding social perception research, with noted patterns of scientific change.
Incidence of second primary cancers with pediatric high grade glioma: Single institution experience.
Authors: Nisreen Yousef Amayiri, Maysa Al-Hussaini, Awni Musharbash, Uri Tabori, Maisa Swaidan, Eric Bouffet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e21023 Background: Children with high grade gliomas (HGG) continue to have a poor prognosis despite the use of multimodality therapy. HGG may rarely occur as part of cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS) and to be associated with other primary second cancers (PSC). We aim to evaluate the incidence of PSC with HGG at King Hussein Cancer Center, Jordan Methods: We retrospectively reviewed neurooncology database between 2003 -2013. We included patients > 3 and < 18 years and in whom we could review and confirm HGG diagnosis. We described their clinical characteristics, survival and incidence of PSC Results: 42 patients were identified (29 males, 24 Jordanians). Median age was 11.3 years (3.1-17.9). Main presenting symptoms were increased intracranial pressure in 22 (52%), focal deficits in 13 and convulsions in 10. Fourteen (67%) patients with available clinical data had café au lait spots (CAL). Family history of cancer was reported in 13/31 and consanguinity in 10/30. Twelve patients (29%) had near total tumor resection, 36 had radiotherapy and 32 received chemotherapy 7 patients (17%) developed PSC. Two patients had Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) then after 5 and 7 years developed HGG (without prior radiotherapy). The third patient was diagnosed with multiple colon polyps first. One patient developed synchronous medulloblastoma and supratentorial HGG, while the fifth got metachronous temporoparietal and posterior fossa HGG after 4 years. One patient developed NHL two years post HGG diagnosis. The last patient developed HGG followed by premalignant colon polyp (15 months) and leukemia (18 months). Median survival of 7 patients with PSC post HGG diagnosis was 37.1 months (95% CL 3.38 - 42.13); two patients are still alive (22 and 70 months). The median survival for the remaining 35 patients was 13.4 months (95% CL 11.21- 23.25), however the 3-year OS wasn’t statistically significant (p = 0.075) Conclusions: Our experience suggests that a subset of pediatric patients with HGG have an underlying predisposition condition for multiple malignancies. Interestingly, these patients experience better survival from their HGG. Recognition and confirmation of an underlying CPS is important to initiate genetic counseling and screening
Determination of the optimal cutoff percentage of residual tumors to define the pathologic response rate (pathRR) of gastric cancer (GC) treated with preoperative therapy (JCOG1004-A).
Authors: Kenichi Nakamura, Takeshi Kuwata, Tadakazu Shimoda, Junki Mizusawa, Hiroshi Katayama, Ryoji Kushima, Hirokazu Taniguchi, Hitoshi Katai, Takaki Yoshikawa, Hiroshi Yabusaki, Yoshiyuki Kawashima, Ryohei Kawabata, Norimasa Fukushima, Yoshiaki Iwasaki, Akira Tsuburaya, Taira Kinoshita, Takeshi Sano, Mitsuru Sasako, Haruhiko Fukuda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

4104 Background: PathRR is a common endpoint used to assess the efficacy of preoperative therapy for GC. PathRR is estimated based on the percentage of the residual tumor area in the preexisting tumor bed. Various cut-off definitions that have used for past studies (e.g. 10%, 33%, 40%, 50%, 67%) often impair the comparability of pathRRs between studies. Methods: Individual patient data from four JCOG trials evaluating preoperative chemotherapy were used (JCOG0001, irinotecan+cisplatin, n=55; JCOG0002, S-1, n=55; JCOG0210, S-1+cisplatin, n=50; JCOG0405, S-1+cisplatin, n=53). Pathological specimens were evaluated from 173 out of 188 patients (92%) who underwent surgery. Residual and preexisting tumor areas were traced on a virtual microscopic slide by one pathologist and another confirmed these areas. The hazard ratio (HR) in overall survival was calculated for each cut-off percentage by stratified Cox regression analysis including the study as a stratification factor, and concordance probability estimates (CPE) were also calculated. Results: The numbers of patients with 0-10%/11-33%/34-50%/51-66%/67-100% residual tumors were 43/33/27/23/47, respectively. Overall, HR was the largest in the 10% cut-off and CPE was the largest in 33%. When patients with R1/R2 resections were excluded, both HR and CPE were the largest in the 10% cut-off. In subgroup analyses, almost all cut-offs predicted survival well regardless of the histologic type (intestinal/diffuse), and no cut-off predicted survival for type 4 (linitis plastica type) tumors. Conclusions: PathRR is not recommended for clinical trials including type 4 tumors. The 10% cut-off is recommended for non-type 4 tumors, though 33% is also applicable. [Table: see text]
Influence of Chromosomal Aberrations on Response to First Line Therapy in B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Interim Analysis of PALG-CLL3 Randomized Study Comparing Cladribine Plus Cyclophosphamide vs Fludarabine Plus Cyclophosphamide.
Authors: Tadeusz Robak, Jerzy Z. Blonski, Ewa Wawrzyniak, Aleksandra Palacz, Joanna Gora-Tybor, Krzysztof Jamroziak, Jaroslaw Piszcz, Janusz S. Kloczko, Dorota Koczkodaj, Malgorzata Kowal, Anna Dmoszynska, Andrzej Mital, Andrzej Hellmann
Journal: Blood (2007)
Functional genomic screens and identification of signaling pathways in oxaliplatin-resistance in colorectal cancer.
Authors: Niharika B. Mettu, Joshua M. Uronis, Takuya Osada, Min Lu, Koya Osada, Robert Mook, Wei Chen, Michael Morse, H. Kim Lyerly, Kris Wood, Shiaowen David Hsu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

3611 Background: In colorectal cancer, many patients develop resistance to oxaliplatin, which is a challenge given the limited number of therapeutic options in the treatment of this disease. While many mechanisms have been purported to explain the etiology of resistance to oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer, the role of intracellular signaling pathways that may be implicated in this phenomenon is not well-understood. Methods: We performed a functional genomic screen using a lentiviral overexpression system, in order to identify pathways that conferred a survival advantage to 2 patient-derived colorectal cancer cell lines treated with oxaliplatin in vitro. We classified 20 patient-derived colorectal cancer xenografts as either sensitive or resistant to oxaliplatin based upon tumor growth inhibition, and performed affymetrix microarray analysis on a representative mouse for each xenograft. This gene expression data was used to perform gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA, Gene Pattern) to identify pathways associated with resistance in vivo. We validated the importance of the pathway we identified in vitro using GI50 curves and in vivo by pharmacologically inhibiting the pathway and measuring effect on tumor volume in the absence and presence of oxaliplatin. Results: From our functional genomic screen, we found upregulation of the Wnt pathway in oxaliplatin-resistant, patient-derived colorectal cancer cell lines. GSEA identified Wnt pathway upregulation in oxaliplatin-resistant tumors treated with oxaliplatin. Activation of the Wnt pathway conferred oxaliplatin-resistance to patient-derived colorectal cancer cell lines in vitro. And finally, treatment of a patient-derived colorectal cancer xenograft with the Wnt inhibitor niclosamide was able to resensitize the tumor to oxaliplatin in vivo. Conclusions: Our study shows that functional genomic screening approaches can be utilized to identify novel targets that can be used to overcome resistance to therapy, and suggests that Wnt pathway inhibition may be able to resensitize colorectal cancer to oxaliplatin.
Patient and tumor characteristics impacting on lymph node metastases rate (LNMR) in squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal and margin (SCCA) using data from the NCRI randomized phase III ACT II trial: Implications for radiotherapy target volume.
Authors: Robert Glynne-Jones, Helen Meadows, Andrew Renehan, David Sebag-Montefiore, Mark Harrison, Maria Hawkins, Rebecca Muirhead, Andre Lopes, Richard Adams
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

4032 Background: The prognosis of SCCA is linked to lymph node involvement. TNM Staging of SCCA is clinically based using physical examination, proctoscopy, and imaging. We aimed to determine tumour- and patient-related clinical LNMR in SCCA. Methods: The ACT II trial results are reported. We investigated the LNMR as determined by clinical examination and CT (cN+) from patient-related (age, sex, baseline WBC, platelets and Hb) and tumour-related factors (site, differentiation, histological type, cT stage and size of tumour (≥/<5cm). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was commonly used from 2005. Results: We examined 892 evaluable patients (of 940 recruited). Median age 58 years (IQR 51-65 years); tumour site – canal (750/892 - 84%), margin (125/892 - 14%); stage cT1-T2 (467/892 - 52%), cT3-T4 (406/892 - 46%). Overall cN+ (305/940 - 32%), cN0 (587/940 – 62%, cNX (48/940 - 5%). Estimates of LNMR for anal canal only were 15% (113/750), 14% (102/750) and 8% (60/750) for N1 N2 and N3 respectively. There is evidence of an association between nodal status and cT-stage (p<0.0001)- stage cT1:(19/88 -22%) cT2:(85/379 -22%), cT3:(122/276-44%), cT4:(74/130-57%), cTX:(5/19-26%). In multivariate analysis only tumour site (canal vs margin HR=0.51, p=0.008), WBC (≥11 109/l HR=1.55, p=0.026) and T-stage (T2 vs T1 HR=1.00, T3 vs T1 HR=2.42, T4 vs T1 HR=3.79, p<0.0001) remained significant. 99 of 355 patients (28%) randomised pre-2005 were cN+ compared with 206 of 537 patients (38%) randomised post-2005 (p-value=0.0013). Conclusions: In the ACT II trial for stages cT1 and cT2, the baseline risk of clinical nodal involvement is 22% and in stages cT3 or cT4 is 48%.Radiotherapy field sizes should continue to be determined by N stage in second phase. The introduction of MRI after 2005 may have influenced the baseline nodal staging, and its utility in determining clinical target volume within intensity-modulated radiotherapy plans needs evaluation. Clinical trial information: NCT00025090.
Social support at diagnosis and noninitiation, discontinuation, and nonadherence to adjuvant hormonal therapy in the Pathways Study.
Authors: Candyce Kroenke, Dawn L. Hershman, Sara Adams, Marilyn L. Kwan, Lawrence H. Kushi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

7 Background: Exceedingly little research has examined associations between social support and adherence to adjuvant hormonal therapy (AHT) in breast cancer patients. We evaluated associations of social support and noninitiation and discontinuation of, and nonadherence to, AHT in a large, Northern California cohort. Methods: This study included 3,382 women from the Pathways Study who were diagnosed with stages I-III hormone receptor positive breast cancer from 2006-2013 and responded to the Medical Outcomes Study social support survey approximately two months following diagnosis. We used logistic regression to evaluate associations between social support and noninitiation ( &lt; 2 consecutive prescription fills within the first year after diagnosis). Among those who initiated treatment, we used proportional hazards regression to evaluate associations of social support, discontinuation ( &gt; 90 day gap), and nonadherence ( &lt; 80% medical possession ratio) to treatment. Results: Of those who initiated treatment (79%), approximately one fourth either discontinued AHT or were nonadherent. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, disease severity, other treatment, and presence of comorbidity, women with low (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.06-1.62) and moderate (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.96-1.46) levels of social support were more likely not to initiate AHT treatment, compared to those with high support. Emotional/informational support, tangible support, and positive interaction were each significantly related to noninitiation; affection was not. Of those who initiated treatment, women with low (HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.07-1.58) or moderate (HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.98-1.44) levels of support were more likely to discontinue treatment. Furthermore, women with low (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.11-1.88) or moderate (HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.01-1.52) support had higher nonadherence to treatment. Conclusions: Hormone receptor positive breast cancer patients with low levels of social support had higher noninitiation and discontinuation of, and nonadherence to, AHT. Information on social support may help clinicians determine who is at greater risk of AHT nonadherence.
Relationships between an androgen receptor output signature (ARoS), AR expression, and poor prostate cancer prognosis in RP tissues.
Authors: Mohammed Alshalalfa, Maria Santiago-Jimenez, Nicholas Erho, Nicholas Fishbane, Kasra Yousefi, Hussam Al-Deen Ashab, Elai Davicioni, Ashley Ross, Edward M. Schaeffer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

38 Background: The Androgen-receptor (AR) signaling plays a pivotal role in prostate cancer initiation and progression. AR amplification and overexpression have been associated with lethal PCa and CRPC; however, much of the impact of these events on cancer progression is poorly understood with an unclear prognostic significance of down-stream targets of AR. Methods: A total of 2,555 RP expression profiles were extracted from the Decipher GRID database; 262 of which were from retrospective natural history cohort with known metastasic outcomes and the remaining from anonymized prospective cases with basic demographic and pathological data available. We built a 9 gene AR-output signature (ARoS) score based on canonical androgen regulated genes to represent AR-output activity in RP tissues. The 9 genes were weighted based on their distribution skewness in the prospective data (n = 2,293) and then scores were calculating by summing the weighted expression of the 9 genes. Results: AR expression and ARoS score were not strongly correlated with approximately 50% of samples with low ARoS have relatively high AR expression. In a prospective cohort of 2,293 patients, low ARoS was associated with higher Decipher metastasis risk scores (OR: 3.1, p &lt; 0.001), higher Gleason grade (OR: 2.4, p &lt; 0.001), ERG-fusion negative (OR: 1.8, p &lt; 0.001) and SVI (OR: 2.1, p &lt; 0.001). Additionally, low ARoS was associated with higher expression of neuroendocrine biomarkers (NCAM1, ENO2). In a large retrospective cohort with long term clinical follow-up, patients with low ARoS score had a higher probability of 10-year metastasis rate (p = 0.002). In 55 patients from this cohort who received ADT post metastasis, the ARoS signature derived from primary tissue was lower in patients who developed CRPC (p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, ARoS was significantly lower in mCRPC samples (p &lt; 0.001) compared to primary PCa tissues. Conclusions: ARoS derived from primary prostate cancer tissue is correlated with metastatic outcomes and progression to CRPC. With further validation, such a signature may better predict those patients which require early intensification of systemic therapy.