tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract LB-079: The interaction of MSI1 and AGO2 promotes glioblastoma multiforme progression under environmental stress
Authors: Hsiao-yun Chen, Shih-Hwa Chiou
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the high-grade astrocytoma; it is the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor. GBM is largely resistant to therapy and experiences a corresponding poor prognosis. Therefore, GBM progression and recurrence are the main therapeutic challenges frequently faced by patients with refractory tumors. Nevertheless, the underlined molecular mechanism remains unknown. The RNA-binding protein musashi1 (MSI1) is expressed in stem cell compartments and in the aggressive tumor, only little is known about its function and mechanism in fact decision of target mRNA and post-transcription control. In this study, we describe a mechanism by which stress induces tumor progression via elevated cytoplasmic translocation of MSI1 in malignant neoplasms. MSI1 forms ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes with its downstream mRNAs at the 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR) or coding domain sequence (CDS) in the nucleus. Upon stress conditions, the MSI1/mRNA complex translocates to the cytosol where Argonaute2 (AGO2) is recruited and directly interact with MSI1. The MSI1/AGO2 complex modulates mRNA stability depending on their binding locations on the mRNA targets. Blocking of MSI1 shuttling by either a nuclear export inhibitor (Leptomycin B, LMB) or NES/NLS mutant attenuates GBM tumor growth in the mouse model. Importantly, the MSI1-AGO2 complex enhances GBM cells proliferation and survival under stress stimulation. MSI1 directly binds to AGO2 in the cytosol through its C-terminus. Orthotopic delivery of MSI1-C-terminus decoy peptides, which disrupt the MSI1/AGO2 interaction, effectively reduces stress-induced tumor progression. These results provide new insights into the function of MSI1 and suggest a novel peptide-based therapeutic strategy against refractory malignancies. Citation Format: Hsiao-yun Chen, Shih-Hwa Chiou. The interaction of MSI1 and AGO2 promotes glioblastoma multiforme progression under environmental stress [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-079.
Author Correction: Targeting wild-type KRAS-amplified gastroesophageal cancer through combined MEK and SHP2 inhibition
Authors: Gabrielle S. Wong, Jin Zhou, Jie Bin Liu, Zhong Wu, Xinsen Xu, Tianxia Li, David Xu, Steven E. Schumacher, Jens Puschhof, James McFarland, Charles Zou, Austin Dulak, Les Henderson, Peng Xu, Emily O’Day, Rachel Rendak, Wei-li Liao, Fabiola Cecchi, Todd Hembrough, Sarit Schwartz, Christopher Szeto, Anil K. Rustgi, Kwok-Kin Wong, J. Alan Diehl, Karin Jensen, Francesco Graziano, Annamaria Ruzzo, Shaunt Fereshetian, Philipp Mertins, Steven A. Carr, Rameen Beroukhim, Kenichi Nakamura, Eiji Oki, Masayuki Watanabe, Hideo Baba, Yu Imamura, Daniel Catenacci, Adam J. Bass
Journal: Nature Medicine (2018)
Abstract 751: A controlled affinity-guided ADC-linker (MAGNET) technology
Authors: Nimish Gupta, Goutam Biswas, Aniruddha Sengupta, Monideepa Roy, Sudip Roy, Shiladitya Sengupta
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as a powerful technology in cancer therapy. However, challenges with current linker technologies have limited the repertoire of ADCs. Currently-used linkers result in a heterogeneous mixture, unstable conjugates and/or involve complex processes such as genetic modification of the antibodies. Here, for the first time, we have explored high affinity non-covalent interactions between antibody and affinity ligands to design novel linkers that overcome the above challenges. The affinity ligands-based linkers coupled with payload, enable strong non-covalent association with the antibodies owing to their high specificity and affinity for antibodies without the need for any chemical reaction with the antibody. With a prototype affinity ligand, we demonstrated that the affinity ligand is able to guide the payload to six precise locations on the antibody conferring site-specificity to the resulting ADCs. Significantly, despite non-covalent interactions, the conjugates were found to be stable in presence of albumin and in human plasma. The ADC exhibited excellent antigen-specific internalization and nanomolar potency in vitro and were effective in suppressing tumor growth in a lung adenocarcinoma xenograft model with minimal systemic toxicity. This novel technology, which we term MAGNET (multivalent, affinity-guided antibody-empowerment technology) overcomes the existing limitations of ADC engineering by imparting trinity of (1) site-specificity, (2) stability and (3) homogeneity, while simplifying the ADC synthesis process. The self-assembled MAGNET ADCs pave the way for exploration of non-covalent conjugation of payloads to any biomolecule, and heralds a new paradigm for ADC generation. Citation Format: Nimish Gupta, Goutam Biswas, Aniruddha Sengupta, Monideepa Roy, Sudip Roy, Shiladitya Sengupta. A controlled affinity-guided ADC-linker (MAGNET) technology [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 751.
Abstract 13635: Liver Stiffness Measured by Transient Elastography is a Strong Predictor of Clinical Events in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Tatsunori Taniguchi, Tomohito Ohtani, Yasuharu Takeda, Isamu Mizote, Shozo Konishi, Yasuhiro Ichibori, Machiko Kanzaki, Issei Komuro, Yasushi Sakata
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Passive liver congestion due to elevated right-sided filling pressure is a common finding in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the clinical impact of liver congestion on HF outcomes has been poorly described. Transient elastography (TE) is a new non-invasive method to evaluate liver stiffness (LSTE). We investigated the impact of LSTE on clinical outcomes in HF patients without structural liver disease. Methods: LSTE values in 107 consecutive HF patients (age 66±15 years, male 66%, LVEF 43±20%) were determined before discharge using a Fibroscan® device. Patients with severe obesity, substantial ascites, and chronic liver disease were excluded. Patients were followed for cardiac death or rehospitalization due to HF. ROC curve analysis was used to derive optimal cutoff value for predicting outcomes. Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to adjust for the effect of differences in pertinent covariates on the clinical event rate. Results: During follow-up, 23 patients (21%) died or ...
Frailty Is Independently Associated With Short-Term Outcomes for Elderly Patients With Non–ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: NiklasEkerstad, EvaSwahn, MagnusJanzon, JoakimAlfredsson, RurikLöfmark, MarcusLindenberger, PerCarlsson
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background—For the large and growing population of elderly patients with cardiovascular disease, it is important to identify clinically relevant measures of biological age and their contribution to risk. Frailty is an emerging concept in medicine denoting increased vulnerability and decreased physiological reserves. We analyzed the manner in which the variable frailty predicts short-term outcomes for elderly non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients. Methods and Results—Patients aged ≥75 years, with diagnosed non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction were included at 3 centers, and clinical data including judgment of frailty were collected prospectively. Frailty was defined according to the Canadian Study of Health and Aging Clinical Frailty Scale. The impact of the comorbid conditions on risk was quantified by the coronary artery disease–specific index. Of 307 patients, 149 (48.5%) were considered frail. By multiple logistic regression, frailty was found to be strongly and independentl...
Effects of Hemorrhagic Shock on Vascular Permeability to Red Blood Cells
Authors: IsaacDjerassi, AlbertRoy
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

The lymph collected from the left thoracic lymph duct of dogs in severe shock due to blood loss becomes grossly hemorrhagic. Reversible hemorrhagic shock is not accompanied by changes in lymph appearance or content of red blood cells. The increased levels of red cells in the lymph was observed prior to the appearance of the characteristic gross intestinal and peritoneal hemorrhages.
Abstract 17343: Exploring Sexual Orientation and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Women Exploring Sexual Orientation and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Women
Authors: Leia A Harper, Kyungeh An, Linda Zyzniewski, Faye Belgrave
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: Sexual minority women (SMW) are twice as likely to smoke, twice as likely to be overweight or obese, and 46-76% less likely to be physically active than women with heterosexual orientat...
Abstract 5423: Lysine-52 stabilizes the MYC oncoprotein through a SCFFBXW7-independent mechanism
Authors: Jason De Melo, Sam S. Kim, Corey Lourenco, Diana Resetca, Maria Sunnerhagen, Brian Raught, Linda Z. Penn
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract The oncogenic transcription factor c-MYC (MYC) is deregulated, and often overexpressed, in more than 50% of cancers. MYC deregulation is associated with poor prognosis and aggressive disease, suggesting that the development of therapeutic inhibitors targeting MYC would dramatically impact patient care and outcome. MYC is a highly regulated transcription factor, with a protein and mRNA half-life of approximately 30 min. The most extensively studied pathway regulating MYC protein stability involves ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation mediated by the E3-ligase, SCFFBXW7. Here we provide evidence for a SCFFBXW7-independent regulatory mechanism centered on Lysine 52 (K52) within MYC Box I (MBI) of the MYC protein. This residue has been shown to be post-translationally modified by both ubiquitylation and SUMOylation, hinting at the interplay of post-translational modifications at this site, and the importance of this residue. We demonstrate that mutation of K52 to arginine (R) renders the MYC protein more labile. Mechanistically, we show that the degradation pathway regulated by K52 is independent of the Cullin-Ring-Ligase (CRL) family of E3-ligases, which includes not only the canonical SCFFBXW7, but also a number of other known MYC-targeting E3-ligases, such as SCFSKP2, SCFβTCRP, SCFFBXO28 and DCXTRUSS. To characterize this degradation pathway further we will utilize unbiased and targeted experiments to elucidate the proteins involved. Taken together, our data identifies a novel regulatory pathway centred on K52 that may be exploited for the development of anti-MYC therapeutics. Citation Format: Jason De Melo, Sam S. Kim, Corey Lourenco, Diana Resetca, Maria Sunnerhagen, Brian Raught, Linda Z. Penn. Lysine-52 stabilizes the MYC oncoprotein through a SCFFBXW7-independent mechanism [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5423.
Abstract 19640: Hospital Variation in Patient-Reported Outcomes in the Stable Coronary Artery Disease Population Undergoing Non-Emergent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Stefanie Rohde, Rachelle Zribi, Yongfei Wang, Suzanne Arnold, Susannah Bernheim, John Dinkler, Phil Jones, Zhenqiu Lin, Kendall Loh, Rana Searfoss, Erin Singleton, John A Spertus, Lisa Suter, Jeptha Curtis
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Among patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD), the primary goal of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is to improve symptoms and quality of life. It is not known, how...
Abstract SY20-02: Inhibitor combinations targeting KRAS effector signaling inKRAS-mutant pancreatic cancer
Authors: Adrienne D. Cox, Craig M. Goodwin, Kirsten L. Bryant, Irem Dagliyan, Samuel D. George, Kelly E. Lucas, Prson Gautam, Krister Wennerberg, Channing J. Der
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract KRAS mutations are found in 95% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), where they are key cancer drivers. Effective anti-KRAS therapeutics are thus anticipated to make a significant improvement in PDAC treatment. Despite the promise of inhibiting KRAS effector signaling, such inhibitors have not demonstrated significant activity as monotherapy, and there are concerns regarding potential normal tissue toxicity. Inhibitor combinations may overcome limitations of both efficacy and toxicity. We performed a 525-drug chemical biology screen to identify combinations that enhanced the cytotoxic activity of inhibitors of the RAF-MEK-ERK and the PI3K-AKT-mTOR effector pathways. Many such combinations were identified for RAF effector pathway inhibitors, while few were identified for PI3K pathway inhibitors. Generally, the same classes of inhibitors were identified for inhibitors of the RAF, MEK, and ERK nodes of the MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade. We found that inhibitors of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, microtubules, HDAC, and HSP90 each synergistically enhanced the cytotoxicity of RAF, MEK, and ERK inhibitors, in both conventional and PDX-derived PDAC cell lines. Mechanistically, we found that a shared basis for this synergy was enhanced loss of MYC protein, a key ERK substrate. Our studies identify promising combinations of KRAS effector inhibitors for PDAC treatment. Citation Format: Adrienne D. Cox, Craig M. Goodwin, Kirsten L. Bryant, Irem Dagliyan, Samuel D. George, Kelly E. Lucas, Prson Gautam, Krister Wennerberg, Channing J. Der. Inhibitor combinations targeting KRAS effector signaling in KRAS-mutant pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr SY20-02.
Abstract 5444: APIO-EE-9 is a novel Aurora A and B antagonist that suppresses esophageal cancer growth in a PDX mouse model
Authors: Guoguo jin
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies of the upper aerodigestive tract. Over the past three decades, with advances in surgical techniques and treatment, the prognosis of esophageal cancer has only slowly improved. Thus identifying novel molecular targets and developing therapeutic agents are critical. Aurora kinases play a crucial role in mitosis and selective inhibitors might provide an effective therapeutic treatment for cancer. However, the role of Aurora kinases in EC is still inadequately studied. Here, we identified a novel compound, referred to as APIO- EE-9, which inhibits growth and colony formation and induces apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells. Using computer modeling, we found that APIO-EE-9 interacted with both Aurora A and B in the ATP-binding pocket. APIO-EE-9 inhibited both Aurora A and B kinase activities in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with APIO-EE-9 substantially reduced the downstream Aurora kinase phosphorylation of histone H3 (Ser10), resulting in formation of multiple nuclei and centrosomes. Additionally, esophageal cancer cells expressing shAurora A or shAurora B kinase exhibited a dramatic reduction in proliferation and colony formation. Injection of these cells as xenografts in mice reduced tumor formation compared to wildtype cells. Importantly, APIO-EE-9 significantly decreased the size of esophageal patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors implanted in SCID mice. These results demonstrated that APIO-EE-9 is a specific Aurora kinase inhibitor that could be developed as a therapeutic agent against esophageal cancer. Citation Format: Guoguo jin. APIO-EE-9 is a novel Aurora A and B antagonist that suppresses esophageal cancer growth in a PDX mouse model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5444.
Abstract 5633: Development of glycoconjugate-based anticancer vaccines
Authors: Xuefei Huang
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract The development of an effective vaccine construct against tumor associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) is an attractive approach towards cancer treatment and prevention. However, a significant challenge is that TACAs are only weakly immunogenic and direct administration of TACAs cannot elicit a powerful antibody response to protect the host from cancer development. In this presentation, we will present our strategies to significantly enhance the immunogenicity of TACAs as potential anti-cancer vaccines using mucin-1 (MUC1) as a representative antigen. Mucin-1 (MUC1) is one of the top ranked tumor associated antigens. MUC1 peptides and glycopeptides have been covalently conjugated to an immunogenic carrier. Immunization of mice with these constructs led to super strong antibody responses with IgG titers over one million, which are one of the highest IgG titers reported to date. Furthermore, the constructs elicited MUC1 specific cytotoxic T cells, which can selectively kill MUC1 positive tumor cells. The abilities of MUC1 conjugates to induce both antibody and cytotoxic T cell immunity targeting tumor cells highlight the potential of these constructs as anti-tumor vaccines. Citation Format: Xuefei Huang. Development of glycoconjugate-based anticancer vaccines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5633.
Electrophysiology and Arrhythmogenic Activity of Single Cardiomyocytes From Canine Superior Vena Cava
Authors: Yi-JenChen, Yao-ChangChen, Hung-IYeh, Cheng-ILin, Shih-AnnChen
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— The superior vena cava (SVC) has been proved to be a focal point in the initiation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The autonomic nervous system plays an important role in the genesis of atrial fibrillation. However, the arrhythmogenic potentials of SVC and its responses to autonomic agents are not clear. The purpose of this study was to isolate single SVC cardiomyocytes and to investigate their electrophysiological characteristics, as well as the direct effects of autonomic agents. Methods and Results— Canine SVC cardiomyocytes were isolated by perfusion with digestive enzymes. The action potentials and ionic currents were investigated in single SVC cardiomyocytes using the whole-cell clamp technique. Dissociation of the SVC yielded rod-shaped single cardiomyocytes with (n=74, 51%) or without (n=71, 49%) pacemaker activities. There were similar densities of inward Ca2+, delayed rectifier K+, transient inward, inward rectifier K+, and pacemaker currents between SVC cardiomyocytes with and wi...
Abstract 3532: Bitter melon extract suppresses triple-negative breast cancer growth by inhibiting ACAT1
Authors: So Hee Shim, Robert Steele, Ratna Ray
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common malignant cancer diagnosed in women worldwide each year. Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), defined by the lack of expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), account for approximately 15% of breast cancers. Moreover, TNBC is usually more aggressive and metastatic with a worse prognosis. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) is well known as a dietary supplement. Recently, we have shown an anti-cancer activity of bitter melon extract (BME) in breast cancer mouse models, although the mechanism is poorly understood. Furthermore, we became interested to understand the role of BME on cholesterol and lipid metabolism in TNBC. Our mass spectrometry data suggested that stored as a cholesteryl esters (CE) in Lipid droplets (LD) were much lower in BME treated TNBC cells. We found that not only CE but also LD was reduced in BME treated TNBC cells. The acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyl transferase-1 (ACAT-1) catalyzes the formation of CE from free cholesterols together with long-chain fatty acyl coenzyme A. Therefore, inhibition of ACAT-1 resulted in downregulation of CE, and upregulation free cholesterols. The attenuated CE is known to reduce cancer proliferation. Subsequent study demonstrated that BME treatment highly inhibited ACAT-1 in TNBC cells. The upregulated free cholesterol negatively regulates sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), which regulates lipogenesis protein such as fatty acid synthase (FASN) associated with cancer cell proliferation. We also observed that SREBP-1 and -2 were barely detectable, and FASN and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) were reduced in BME treated TNBC cells as compared to control cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that BME suppresses TNBC cell growth through ACAT-1 inhibition. BME supplement may potentially be an additional regimen in human breast cancer treatment. Citation Format: So Hee Shim, Robert Steele, Ratna Ray. Bitter melon extract suppresses triple-negative breast cancer growth by inhibiting ACAT1 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3532.
Gene polymorphisms of folate metabolizing enzymes and susceptibility to lung adenocarcinoma in Serbia.
Authors: Radmila Jankovic, Milena Cavic, Ana Krivokuca, Ksenija Jakovljevic, Emina Malisic, Jelena Spasic, Davorin Radosavljevic, Sinisa Radulovic
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e12020 Background: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and thymidylate synthase (TS) are important enzymes of the folate metabolism and are suggested as new prognostic factors for lung cancer. Cytosine to thymine transition at nucleotide 677 (C677T) leads to reduced MTHFR activity. The TS promoter has a tandem repeat polymorphism (2R, 3R) and a guanine to cytosine transition in the 3R allele related to TS protein expression. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of MTHFR and TS polymorphisms with lung adenocarcinoma in Serbia. Methods: A case-control study including 55 late-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients and 53 healthy subjects was performed. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was used for MTHFR and TS genotyping. Depending on the presence of high (3RG) or low (2R, 3RC) expression alleles, TS functional groups were subclassified into HH (3RG/3RG), HL (2R/3RG, 3RG/3RC) and LL (2R/2R, 2R/3RC, 3RC/3RC) groups. Descriptive analyses included genotype and allelic frequencies; the odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were calculated as an estimate of relative risk. Significance was considered for p &lt; 0.05. Results: The distribution of the MTHFR variants in patients vs. controls was 61.8 % vs. 24.5 % for CC, 32.7 % vs. 62.3 % for CT and 5.5 % vs. 13.2 % for TT. A significant difference in CC vs. TT+CT MTHFR genotype distribution was observed between patients and controls (χ2 = 13.79; OR = 4.98; 95 % CI, 2.14 – 11.61). There was no significant association between the TS polymorphisms and the risk of lung adenocarcinoma occurrence, but in the CT+TT MTHFR subgroup, a nonsignificant difference in LL vs. HL+HH TS genotype distribution was observed between patients and controls (χ2 = 0.04; OR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.31 – 3.67). Conclusions: A significant corelation between the CC MTHFR genotype and lung adenocarcinoma occurence in Serbia was found. Also, there was no significant correlation with lung adenocarcinoma occurence in the CT+TT MTHFR subgroup for carriers of the LL TS genotype. As this study was performed on a relatively small sample size further large case-control studies including analysis of gene-gene interactions with genes coding for other folate metabolism enzymes is needed.