tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Treating Hospital on Care Outcomes for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ronald T. Cotton, Hop S. Tran Cao, Abbas A. Rana, Yvonne H. Sada, David A. Axelrod, John A. Goss, Mark A. Wilson, Steven A. Curley, Nader N. Massarweh
Journal: Hepatology (2018)

Multidisciplinary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment is associated with optimal outcomes. There are few data analyzing the impact of treating hospitals' therapeutic offerings on survival. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients aged 18‐70 years with HCC in the National Cancer Database (2004‐2012). Hospitals were categorized based on the level of treatment offered (Type I—nonsurgical; Type II—ablation; Type III—resection; Type IV—transplant). Associations between overall risk of death and hospital type were evaluated with multivariable Cox shared frailty modeling. Among 50,381 patients, 65% received care in Type IV hospitals, 26% in Type III, 3% in Type II, and 6% in Type I. Overall 5‐year survival across modalities was highest at Type IV hospitals (untreated: Type IV—13.1% versus Type I—5.7%, Type II—7.0%, Type III—7.4% [log‐rank, P &lt; 0.001]; chemotherapy and/or radiation: Type IV—18.1% versus Type I—3.6%, Type II—4.6%, Type III—7.7% [log‐rank, P &lt; 0.001]; ablation: Type IV—33.3% versus Type II—13.6%, Type III—23.6% [log‐rank, P &lt; 0.001]; resection: Type IV—48.4% versus Type III—39.1% [log‐rank, P &lt; 0.001]). Risk of death demonstrated a dose‐response relationship with the hospital type—Type I (ref); Type II (hazard ratio [HR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [0.73‐0.90]); Type III (HR 0.67 [0.62‐0.72]); Type IV hospitals (HR 0.43 [0.39‐0.47]). Conclusion: Although care at hospitals offering the full complement of HCC treatments is associated with decreased risk of death, one third of patients are not treated at these hospitals. These data can inform the value of health policy initiatives regarding regionalization of HCC care.
Cardioprotective Effects of Short-Term Caloric Restriction Are Mediated by Adiponectin via Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase
Authors: KenShinmura, KayokoTamaki, KiyomiSaito, YasukoNakano, TakashiTobe, RobertoBolli
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Overeating and obesity are major health problems in developed countries. Caloric restriction (CR) can counteract the deleterious aspects of obesity-related diseases and prolong lifespan. We have demonstrated that short-term CR improves myocardial ischemic tolerance and increases adiponectin levels. Here, we investigated the specific role of adiponectin in CR-induced cardioprotection. Methods and Results— Adiponectin antisense transgenic (Ad-AS) mice and wild-type (WT) mice were randomly assigned to a group fed ad libitum and a CR group (90% of caloric intake of ad libitum for 3 weeks, then 65% for 2 weeks). Isolated perfused mouse hearts were subjected to 25 minutes of ischemia, followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. CR increased serum adiponectin levels by 84% in WT mice. Gel filtration analysis of the oligomeric complex distribution showed that CR produced a marked increase in the high–molecular-weight complex of adiponectin in WT mice; in contrast, CR did not change serum adiponectin levels...
The Power of Clinical Registries and Quality Improvement Collaboratives
Authors: Adam Webb
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Monophasic Action Potentials in Man
Authors: Ralphshabetai, Boryssurawicz, Williamhammill
Journal: Circulation (1968)

Monophasic action potentials with an amplitude of up to 70 mv were recorded with suction electrodes from the endocardial surface of the right atrium and both ventricles during diagnostic cardiac catheterization. The method was simple and safe. The monophasic action potential of human beings had the same shape and the same relation to the electrocardiogram as the transmembrane action potential of animals has. Also changes in heart rate and administration of calcium and digitalis had the same effect on the monophasic action potential of man as on the transmembrane action potential of animals. When injections of contrast material into the coronary arteries produced T-wave changes, the monophasic action potential from the ventricle perfused by the contrast medium lengthened, but the monophasic action potential from the other ventricle did not change. Our study suggests that the monophasic action potential may be helpful in estimating the refractory period at the site of recording and in explaining the pathoge...
Effect of Antibiotics on the Serum Cholesterol Concentration of Patients with Atherosclerosis
Authors: Alfredsteiner, Elliotthoward, Suatakgun
Journal: Circulation (1961)

Oral neomycin, at the dose level of 0.5 to 2 Gm. daily, produced a significant fall in the level of serum cholesterol in all of 29 periods in 20 patients studied. The effect reached a maximum in approximately 2 weeks and persisted for the duration of the experiments up to 9 months. After the medication was discontinued, the serum cholesterol levels returned to control values within 2 weeks. No significant toxic reaction to oral neomycin was discernible. Neomycin by injection in excess of the amount calculated to be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract failed to lower the serum cholesterol level. The mechanism of action of neomycin was not determined, but it is thought to be a local effect in the gastrointestinal tract or its contents. Oral aureomycin and oral kanamycin had a similar but less marked and less consistent effect on the level of serum cholesterol in a number of patients. In a limited number of patients, oral achromycin, bacitracin, chloromycetin, streptomycin, and mycostatin did not have a...
Evolving DES Platforms
Authors: Renu Virmani
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Drug-eluting stents (DES) have become the standard of care for the treatment of coronary artery disease. However, late stent thrombosis has emerged as a major concern, especially in 'off-label' use. Pathologic studies of patients dying from late DES thrombosis demonstrate delayed arterial healing, characterized by persistent fibrin deposition and poor endothelialization as the primary substrate. The main mechanisms of DES late thrombosis are localized hypersensitivity reaction, stent malapposition, usage in AMI, bifurcation lesions, and fractures. Therefore, next-generation drug eluting stents are being developed to increase the safety and biocompatibility by optimizing the three major components of DES: the stent platform, the polymer and the drug. Stents with thinner struts are endothelialized more rapidly and cause less vessel-wall injury. Non-erodable polymers applied thinly and without defect or cracking cause less inflammation and will result in better long-term safety. Furthermore, use of biodegrad...
FeNO monitoring to adjust treatment in asthma: has it come of age?
Authors: Dominick E Shaw
Journal: Thorax (2018)

Asthma guidelines around the world urge healthcare professionals to use the lowest dose of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) to achieve asthma control, normally defined as achievement of best lung function, reduction in symptoms and reduction of future exacerbation risk.1 At first glance, this approach seems sensible. Long-term ICS use has appreciable side effects and there is evidence that targeting symptoms with increased ICS doses results in improved outcomes. This approach already forms the backbone of the budesonide/formoterol or beclometasone/formoterol as maintenance and reliever therapy (SMART/FMART), and more recently quadrupling ICS doses during a period of worsening symptoms has been shown to lead to improved outcomes in adults.2 

However, life is rarely that simple. One of the main physiological effects of ICS, reduced eosinophilic airway inflammation, is not firmly linked to key asthma parameters namely variable airflow obstruction, airway hyper-responsiveness and symptoms.3 This heterogeneity in asthma mechanisms and a call to redefine how we classify airway disease, is well covered in the recent Lancet Commissions article. In this article, the authors suggest that ICS treatment is not escalated unless biomarkers of type 2 inflammation are increased.4 The two most readily available biomarkers are blood or sputum eosinophil counts and the fraction of nitric oxide in exhaled breath (FeNO).5 

With this in mind, Petsky and colleagues6 enter the arena with a systematic review and meta-analysis of tailoring asthma treatment on markers of eosinophilic inflammation. They synthesised the evidence from 3 Cochrane reviews and 22 randomised controlled studies, across a range of patient populations, where asthma treatment was tailored using FeNO or sputum eosinophil counts and outcomes compared with a control population. The main outcome was asthma exacerbations as defined …
Regulation of Cytokine-Induced Nitric Oxide Synthesis by Asymmetric Dimethylarginine
Authors: SeijiUeda, SeiyaKato, HidehiroMatsuoka, MasumiKimoto, SeiyaOkuda, MinoruMorimatsu, TsutomuImaizumi
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

In response to vascular insults, inflammatory cytokines stimulate vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to express an inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous NO synthase inhibitor, is metabolized by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). To determine whether the ADMA-DDAH system regulates cytokine-induced NO production, cultured rat SMCs were exposed to interleukin-1β (IL-1β). IL-1β (1 to 100 U/mL) dose-dependently stimulated not only iNOS but also DDAH expression and enzyme activity, accompanied by an increase in NO metabolite and by a decrease in ADMA content in culture media. A DDAH inhibitor (4124W, 5 mmol/L) augmented ADMA production (P<0.01) and decreased NO synthesis (P<0.01) in IL-1β–stimulated SMCs. On the other hand, an adenovirus-mediated overexpression of DDAH reduced ADMA and enhanced NO production. Exogenous administration of NO donors (SNAP and SIN-1) dose-dependently increased NO metabolite in the culture media but had no ...
Abstract 18114: Differences Between Observed and Predicted Cardiovascular Event Rates Using the Framingham and REACH Equations: The Case of High-intensity Statin Users in the United Kingdom
Authors: Benjamin Taylor, Mickael Lothgren, Guilllermo Villa, Peter Lindgren, Benjamin Van Hout, Danese Mark
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: High-intensity statin users are a select group of patients, and their observed cardiovascular (CV) event risk may not align with the predicted risk from published risk equations. Hypothesis: Published risk equations accurately characterize the observed patient risk in high intensity statin users Methods: Five cohorts were studied in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink: high-risk primary prevention (HRPP - prevalent diabetes in the absence of any other CV event), evident CV disease (ECVD - prevalent stable angina, revascularization, transient ischemic attack, carotid stenosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm, or peripheral vascular disease), incident acute coronary syndrome (ACS), incident ischemic stroke (IS), and incident heart failure (HF). Patients were followed from 1/1/2005 (HRPP, ECVD) or first qualifying event (ACS/IS/HF) until the first CV hospitalization after cohort inclusion, death, or end of observation (December 31, 2011). Predicted 10-year overall risk was based on Framingham (D’Agostino 2008) for HRPP and on REACH (Wilson, 2012) for all other cohorts. Acute (&lt;=12 mos) and long-term rates (12+ mos) were generated for recurrent events in the ACS, IS, and HF groups (Wilson, 2012). Predicted rates were compared to the observed event rates using rate ratios, (observed rate/predicted rate). Standard errors were estimated using Poisson regression. Results: Framingham was well calibrated to the observed event rate in the HRPP cohort (RR 0.92 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.97). For all secondary prevention cohorts, REACH consistently underestimated the observed event rate, though the magnitude of the difference varied (see Table 1). Conclusions: Traditional risk scores consistently underestimated event rates in all secondary prevention populations treated with a high intensity statin. Observed events are vital for anchoring predicted rates to accurately determine country level estimates in certain patient populations.
Abstract 2218: Trim29 regulates hemangiomas neovascularization through targeting HMOX1
Authors: Qiang Huang, Wei Li, Xin Ge, Peng Li, Ya Gao
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Infantile hemangiomas is the most common benign vascular tumors of childhood, characterized by rapid proliferation after birth and slow involution thereafter. Although several signaling pathways have been implicated in hemangiomas neovascularization, the mechanism is still unrevealed especially the initiative factor. Here we used gene microarray to profile proliferating and involuting phases of infantile hemangiomas and bioinformatic methods to find the distinguished genes. Log2FC&amp;gt;0.585 or &amp;lt;-0.585 and a nominal P value of 0.05 were used as the filtering criteria. A total of 354 significant genes were identified including 262 upregulated genes. 20 genes were selected for screening according to the microarray results. Trim29 was certified to be responsible for the proliferation of IH using Celigo cytometer method, which were reinforced in patient lesions. By overexpression of Trim29, proteomics was used to detect the downstream proteins.After comparing with the microarray results, HMOX1 was identified and selected for further study after reidentification in patient lesions. Through overexpression and knockdown assay in vitro, we found Trim29 could regulate the expression of HMOX1 and affect hemangiomas neovascularization. Propranolol could block this potential pathway to inhibit proliferation of IH in vivo. These results indicated Trim29 could regulate hemangiomas neovascularization through targeting HMOX1. This innovative pathway could be blocked by propranolol and gave a potential target gene for further investigation to find new drug treatment for IH. Citation Format: Qiang Huang, Wei Li, Xin Ge, Peng Li, Ya Gao. Trim29 regulates hemangiomas neovascularization through targeting HMOX1 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2218.
Objective assessment of bradykinesia in Parkinson’s disease using evolutionary algorithms: clinical validation
Authors: Chao Gao, Stephen Smith, Michael Lones, Stuart Jamieson, Jane Alty, Jeremy Cosgrove, Pingchen Zhang, Jin Liu, Yimeng Chen, Juanjuan Du, Shishuang Cui, Haiyan Zhou, Shengdi Chen
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2018)

There is an urgent need for developing objective, effective and convenient measurements to help clinicians accurately identify bradykinesia. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of an objective approach assessing bradykinesia in finger tapping (FT) that uses evolutionary algorithms (EAs) and explore whether it can be used to identify early stage Parkinson's disease (PD).One hundred and seven PD, 41 essential tremor (ET) patients and 49 normal controls (NC) were recruited. Participants performed a standard FT task with two electromagnetic tracking sensors attached to the thumb and index finger. Readings from the sensors were transmitted to a tablet computer and subsequently analyzed by using EAs. The output from the device (referred to as "PD-Monitor") scaled from - 1 to + 1 (where higher scores indicate greater severity of bradykinesia). Meanwhile, the bradykinesia was rated clinically using the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) FT item.With an increasing MDS-UPDRS FT score, the PD-Monitor score from the same hand side increased correspondingly. PD-Monitor score correlated well with MDS-UPDRS FT score (right side: r = 0.819, P = 0.000; left side: r = 0.783, P = 0.000). Moreover, PD-Monitor scores in 97 PD patients with MDS-UPDRS FT bradykinesia and each PD subgroup (FT bradykinesia scored from 1 to 3) were all higher than that in NC. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves revealed that PD-Monitor FT scores could detect different severity of bradykinesia with high accuracy (≥89.7%) in the right dominant hand. Furthermore, PD-Monitor scores could discriminate early stage PD from NC, with area under the ROC curve greater than or equal to 0.899. Additionally, ET without bradykinesia could be differentiated from PD by PD-Monitor scores. A positive correlation of PD-Monitor scores with modified Hoehn and Yahr stage was found in the left hand sides.Our study demonstrated that a simple to use device employing classifiers derived from EAs could not only be used to accurately measure different severity of bradykinesia in PD, but also had the potential to differentiate early stage PD from normality.
High-Density Mapping of Activation Through an Incomplete Isthmus Ablation Line
Authors: DipenShah, MichelHaïssaguerre, PierreJaïs, AtsushiTakahashi, MelezeHocini, JacquesClémenty
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background—Activation mechanisms through gaps in ablation lines and resulting electrograms are poorly understood. Methods and Results—Eight patients (all men; age, 59±9 years) were studied during a recurrence of typical atrial flutter (cycle length, 233±19 ms) after a previous catheter ablation in the cavotricuspid isthmus. High-density 3-dimensional mapping of the isthmus was performed with the Cordis-Biosense EP Navigation system, and local conduction velocity (CV) was estimated. Maps created with 96±19 points revealed 0.8±0.3-cm gaps of recovered conduction in the ablation line. A broad wave front entered the lateral isthmus with a CV of 1.8±0.7 m/s, halted on the lesion line, and penetrated slowly through the gap with a CV of 0.3±0.1 m/s. Activation then curved and returned antidromically to activate the downstream flank of the line with a CV of 1.1±0.7 m/s. This front fused downstream of the line with slow transverse activation (CV, 0.4±0.3 m/s) parallel to it. The ablation line was demarcated by an ...
Abstract 12404: Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy ECG Phenotype is Characterized by Low Amplitude of Spatial QRS Vector, and Small QRS Loop
Authors: Larisa G Tereshchenko, Timothy Huang, Cynthia James, Crystal Tichnell, Brittney Murray, Hugh Calkins
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Low QRS voltages are frequently observed in patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C). Mechanistically, fibrofatty replacement explains low QRS vo...
Extracellular Citrate and Cancer Metabolism—Letter
Authors: Philippe Icard, Ludovic Fournel, Marco Alifano, Hubert Lincet
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Dr. Mycielska and colleagues have recently reported that extracellular citrate supports cancer development (1). Using different cell lines, including human pancreatic and gastric cancer cells, they observed that cancer cells cultured in standard conditions with adjunction of physiologic concentrations of citrate (200 μmol/L), take up greater amounts of citrate than normal cells, in particular, under hypoxia and low glucose concentrations. Citrate is taken up by the citrate plasma membrane carrier pmCiC, which is inhibited by gluconate. Inhibition of pmCiC reduces growth of human pancreatic tumors implanted subcutaneously in mice. Thus, citrate metabolism is suggested as a possible target for development of new cancer therapies, in particular, by inhibition of its specific plasma membrane carrier.An apparently opposite strategy merits however to be discussed. Although inhibition of transportation of citrate at physiologic concentration has an antineoplastic effect, administration of high concentrations of citrate (approximately 50-fold higher) also has an antineoplastic effect.The rationale of this strategy considers that the Warburg effect decreases the mitochondrial production of citrate. Thus, increasing intracellular concentration of citrate could arrest glycolysis, proliferation, dedifferentiation, and aggressiveness of cancer cells (4). Several studies (2–5) showed that citrate inhibits proliferation of multiple cultured cancer cells (ovarian, mesothelioma, pancreas, lung, stomach, melanoma, etc.) at the concentration of 10 mmol/L by (i) activation of caspases 2 or 8 and inhibition of Mcl-1, promoting apoptosis; (ii) decreasing ATP production through inhibition of key enzymes of glycolysis and of tricarboxylic acid cycle; and (iii) increasing sensitivity of tumor cells to cisplatin. Recent findings made by Ren and colleagues (5) confirmed that citrate decreases chemoresistance to cisplatin, in particular, by reducing the expression of MUC-1 (5). Citrate inhibits the proliferative IGF-1R/PI3K/AKT axis, thus activating the suppressive PTEN-eIF2α pathway, and induces tumor cell differentiation (expression of E-cadherin). Importantly, daily oral administration of citrate for 7 weeks at dose of 4 g/kg/day reduces tumor growth of several xenografts in mice [Ras-driven lung tumor, pancreatic tumor (Pan02), and Her2/Neu mammary cancer] and increases significantly the number of infiltrating tumor T cells, with no significant side effect. Plasma level of citrate associated with tumor regression was 3 mmol/L, roughly 8-fold of what was noted in noncitrate-treated animals (5).All these studies provide arguments to consider that increasing intracellular concentration of citrate (either by administration of high-dose citrate and/or by ATP-citrate lyase inhibition) may be also an interesting anticancer approach.Further studies are needed to define the place of each of these apparently opposite strategies.See the Response, p. 5177No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
瞬時血流予備量比(iFR)は冠動脈疾患患者の臨床判断に有用か
Authors: Fukushima Hiromichi, Horinaka Shigeo, Yagi Hiroshi, Ishimura Kimihiko, Shibata Yoshimasa, Matsuhashi Noritaka, Koguchi Wataru, Takeshima Hiroshi, Sugiyama Fumihiro, Honda Takeaki, Ishimitsu Toshihiko
Journal: Circulation (2014)