tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 17679: Automating Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality Data Abstraction for Entire Episodes of Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation
Authors: Steve Lin, Anuar Turgulov, Ahmed Taher, Jason E Buick, Adam Byers, Ian R Drennan, Laurie J Morrison
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Research and quality assessment of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality has traditionally been limited to the first five minutes of resuscitation due to significant costs in both time and personnel from manual data abstraction. Manual CPR quality data abstraction of entire episodes of resuscitation may be too resource-intensive for many emergency medical service (EMS) agencies and hospitals. Moreover, the first five minutes of CPR are also different in many aspects compared to later time periods during cardiac arrest resuscitation, which represents significant knowledge gaps since the majority of resuscitations go beyond five minutes. Methods: We developed a software program to facilitate and help automate data abstraction from electronic defibrillator files for entire resuscitation episodes. Internal validation of the software program was performed on 50 randomly selected out-of-hospital cardiac arrest cases with resuscitation durations up to 60 minutes. CPR quality data variables were abstracted as minute averages, which included ventilation rate, CPR compression rate, depth, fraction, and end-tidal CO2. CPR quality data variables were manually abstracted independently by two trained data abstractors and automatically by the software program. Error rates and the time needed for data abstraction were measured. Results: A total of 9826 data points were abstracted. Manual data abstraction resulted in a total of six errors (0.06%) compared to zero errors by the software program. The mean time ± SD needed for data abstraction was 20.3 ± 2.7 minutes manually and 5.3 ± 1.4 minutes using the software program (p=0.003). Conclusion: Our data abstraction software was 100% accurate in abstracting CPR quality data for complete cardiac arrest resuscitation episodes. It significantly reduced the time and resources required to abstract CPR quality data, and will allow EMS agencies and hospitals to evaluate their CPR quality in a cost-effective manner. The development of this software will enable future studies to efficiently evaluate CPR quality during entire resuscitation episodes, including its impact on patient outcomes during prolonged cardiac arrests.
Abstract 14486: CD8αβ+ T Cells Promote Cardiac Fibrosis in Hypertensive Hearts via NKG2D Activating Receptor-Dependent Cytotoxic Mechanisms
Authors: Tin S Kyaw, Peter Kanellakis, Anh Cao, Ban-Hock Toh, Alex Bobik
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Cardiac fibrosis is an important contributor to heart failure, increasing cardiac stiffness which reduces cardiac performance. The mechanisms underlying cardiac fibrosis in hypertension are yet to be fully defined. CD8+ T cells are reported to mediate pulmonary, renal and dermal fibrosis. Here we investigated the role of CD8αβ+ T cells in cardiac fibrosis. Methods and Results: Cardiac fibrosis was induced in mice by constricting the aorta between the two carotid arteries and effects examined 28 days later. Antibody mediated depletion of CD8αβ+ T cells attenuated left ventricular (LV) fibrosis by 80% (P < 0.05) without affecting blood pressure or LV hypertrophy; similar effects were observed in 2K1C-renal hypertension. LV macrophage numbers and TGF-β1 were also greatly reduced (both P <0.05), but LV CD4+ T cells were unaffected. Depletion of CD8αβ+ T cells also reduced LV apoptotic cell numbers by 70% and macrophages expressing TGF-β1 by nearly 90% (both P < 0.05), effects consistent with these...
Pruritus Is Common and Undertreated in Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis in the United Kingdom
Authors: Vinod S. Hegade, George F. Mells, Holly Fisher, Stuart Kendrick, Julia DiBello, Kim Gilchrist, Graeme J. Alexander, Gideon M. Hirschfield, Richard N. Sandford, David E.J. Jones
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2018)
Humanizing Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Sonoo Thadaney Israni, Abraham Verghese
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 12716: Ruptured Biceps Tendon: A Novel Non-Cardiac Clue to TTR Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Hallie I Geller, Danielle Trota, Rodney H Falk
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Senile cardiac amyloidosis (SCA) is caused by deposition in the heart of protein derived from transthyretin (TTR), resulting in a restrictive cardiomyopathy, usually in elderly men. TTR deposition may also cause carpal tunnel syndrome which can precede the cardiomyopathy by 5-10 years.TTR deposits in other organs including tendons and ligaments has been described, but no clinical sequelae are recognized. Ruptured biceps tendon (RBT) has an annual incidence of &lt; 2/100,000 in the general population. After seeing this condition in several patients with SCA we sought to determine the prevalence of RBT in a series of patients with SCA. Methods: All patients with documented SCA seen at a specialized cardiac amyloidosis center were questioned about carpal tunnel syndrome and examined for RBT, characterized by a “popeye” muscle on arm flexion (figure). Results: 99 patients with SCA (97 men) were seen over an 18 month period. 20 had RBT which had been unrecognized by the patient in four. 5/16 were unaware of the time of rupture. In the remainder, RBT occurred an average of 5.5 years prior to diagnosis of SCA. 13 (64%) patients with RBT also had carpal tunnel syndrome compared to 17/79 without RBT (p&lt; 0.0001). RBT was not associated with more severe cardiac disease. Conclusions: Ruptured biceps tendon, a rare disease in the general population is seen in 1/5 patients with SCA and, like carpal tunnel syndrome, precedes the cardiomyopathy by several years. The strong association with carpal tunnel syndrome in SCA suggests that the mechanism is due to TTR tendon deposition, and the rarity of ruptured biceps tendon in the general population indicates that its presence in an elderly male with heart failure should prompt consideration of a diagnosis of senile cardiac amyloidosis.
The <i>DGCR5</i> long noncoding RNA may regulate expression of several schizophrenia-related genes
Authors: Qingtuan Meng, Kangli Wang, Tonya Brunetti, Yan Xia, Chuan Jiao, Rujia Dai, Dominic Fitzgerald, Amber Thomas, Lindsey Jay, Heather Eckart, Kay Grennan, Yuka Imamura-Kawasawa, Mingfeng Li, Nenad Sestan, Kevin P. White, Chao Chen, Chunyu Liu
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2018)

The long noncoding RNA DGCR5 in the 22q11.2 deletion may regulate expression of certain protein-coding genes that are associated with schizophrenia.
Calcium Intake and Survival after Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis
Authors: Wanshui Yang, Yanan Ma, Stephanie Smith-Warner, Mingyang Song, Kana Wu, Molin Wang, Andrew T. Chan, Shuji Ogino, Charles S. Fuchs, Vitaliy Poylin, Kimmie Ng, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Edward L. Giovannucci, Xuehong Zhang
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Although evidence suggests an inverse association between calcium intake and colorectal cancer incidence, the influence of calcium on survival after colorectal cancer diagnosis remains unclear.Experimental Design: We prospectively assessed the association of postdiagnostic calcium intake with colorectal cancer-specific and overall mortality among 1,660 nonmetastatic colorectal cancer patients within the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Patients completed a validated food frequency questionnaire between 6 months and 4 years after diagnosis and were followed up for death. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression.Comparing the highest with the lowest quartile intake of postdiagnostic total calcium, the multivariable HRs were 0.56 (95% CI, 0.32-0.96; Ptrend = 0.04) for colorectal cancer-specific mortality and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.59-1.09; Ptrend = 0.11) for all-cause mortality. Postdiagnostic supplemental calcium intake was also inversely associated with colorectal cancer-specific mortality (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.42-1.06; Ptrend = 0.047) and all-cause mortality (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.94; Ptrend = 0.008), although these inverse associations were primarily observed in women. In addition, calcium from diet or dairy sources was associated with lower risk in men.Higher calcium intake after the diagnosis may be associated with a lower risk of death among patients with colorectal cancer. If confirmed, these findings may provide support for the nutritional recommendations of maintaining sufficient calcium intake among colorectal cancer survivors.
Abstract 14230: Women Speak up About Personalized Heart Health Awareness: A Women’s Heart Alliance Research Report
Authors: Paula Johnson, Noel C Bairey Merz, Holly Andersen, Mark Keida, Emily Sprague, Mary N Walsh, Phyllis Greenberger, Susan Campbell, Irene Pollin, Majorie Jenkins, Rita Redberg, British Robinson
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the number one killer of women in the US, yet too few women personalize awareness. In November 2014, the Women’s Heart Alliance (WHA) conducted a nationwide survey to determine barriers and opportunities to personalize awareness the women’s heart health epidemic. Methods: From September 18-26, 2014, a total of 1,011 U.S. women ages 25-60 were interviewed. Fieldwork was conducted online using GfK KnowledgePanel - the only representative panel of the American public. The KnowledgePanel covers 97% of U.S. households. Respondents are selected using random probability address-based sampling; computers and Internet service are provided to respondents who do not have them to ensure fuller representation of the American public. The survey took 15 minutes on average to administer. Final data were weighted by age, region, race/ethnicity, education, and income, according to the March 2014 Current Population Survey. The margin of sampling error for this poll is +/- 3.4 percentage points (total sample); this is higher for subgroups. Results: Few (27%) can name a woman in their lives with heart disease. Younger and middle-aged women ages 25-49 are less apt than those in the 50-60 age-range to know a woman affected by heart disease (23% vs. 37%). Even fewer (11%) women can name a woman who has died from it. Women who report knowing another woman with heart disease are more apt to express concern and - importantly - bring up this issue with their doctor (Figure). Conclusions: Heart disease in women is largely invisible. A personal connection with heart disease is associated with personalized awareness. Campaigns should make heart disease “real” to the millions of American women who say they have no personal connection to the disease.
CD34+Selected Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants Conditioned with a Myeloablative Regimen Is Well Tolerated and Results in Good Outcomes in Patients with Myelofibrosis
Authors: Jeong-Ok Lee, Jessica Flynn, Molly Maloy, Ann A. Jakubowski, Esperanza B. Papadopoulos, Christina Cho, Doris Ponce, Craig S. Sauter, Miguel-Angel Perales, Sean M Devlin, Sergio Giralt, Hugo R. Castro-Malaspina, Roni Tamari
Journal: Blood (2018)
Graft Derived Cell-Free DNA As a Non-Invasive Biomarker to Track Early Rejection of Transplanted Primary Human Hepatocytes
Authors: Charlotte Lee, Anil Dhawan, Ragai R. Mitry, Najeem'deen Folarin, Nicholas Lea, Carl Jorns, Ewa Ellis, Roberto Gramignoli, Stephen C. Strom, Emer Fitzpatrick
Journal: Hepatology (2018)
Dual Inhibition of Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase and BCL2: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Myeloid and Lymphoid Leukemias
Authors: Christopher A. Eide, Stephen E Kurtz, Andy Kaempf, Cristina E. Tognon, Motomi Mori, Max J. Gordon, Jeffrey W. Tyner, Alexey V Danilov, Brian J. Druker
Journal: Blood (2018)
Revefenacin: First Global Approval
Authors: Young-A Heo
Journal: Drugs (2018)

Revefenacin (YUPELRI™) inhalation solution, a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (i.e. an anticholinergic) developed by Theravance Biopharma and Mylan, is the first and currently the only once-daily, nebulized bronchodilator to be approved in the USA for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In November 2018, based on results of three phase III trials, the US Food and Drug Administration granted market authorization to revefenacin for the maintenance treatment of patients with COPD. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of revefenacin leading to this first global approval.
CD44 Assists the Topical Anti-Psoriatic Efficacy of Curcumin-Loaded Hyaluronan-Modified Ethosomes: A New Strategy for Clustering Drug in Inflammatory Skin
Authors: Yongtai Zhang, Qing Xia, Yanyan Li, Zehui He, Zhe Li, Teng Guo, Zhonghua Wu, Nianping Feng
Journal: Theranostics (2018)

Background: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Its treatment is challenged by the limited amount of drug reaching the inflamed skin. The overexpressed CD44 protein in inflamed psoriatic skin can serve as a potential target of novel active-targeting nanocarriers to increase drug accumulation in the skin. Methods: Hyaluronic acid (HA) was linked to propylene glycol-based ethosomes by covalent binding to develop a novel topical drug delivery carrier (HA-ES) for curcumin. An imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model was established, and curcumin delivery and anti-psoriatic efficacy using HA-ES were compared with those using plain ethosomes (ES). Results: The HA gel network formed on the surface of HA-ES reduced the leakage and release of poorly water-soluble curcumin. Compared with ES, transdermal curcumin delivery was significantly enhanced by using HA-ES as vehicles; the cumulative transdermal amount and the amount retained in the skin in vitro after 8 h were, respectively, 1.6 and 1.4 times those observed with ES, as well as 3.1 and 3.3 times those observed with a curcumin propylene glycol solution (PGS), respectively. The in vivo psoriatic skin retention of curcumin with HA-ES was 2.3 and 4.0 times that of ES and PGS, respectively. CD44 expression in imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflamed skin was 2.7 times that in normal skin. Immunostaining revealed similar results, suggesting that the specific adhesion of HA-ES to CD44 increased drug accumulation in the skin. After topical administration to mice, the HA-ES group showed an alleviation of inflammation symptoms; lower TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22, and IL-1β mRNA levels; and lower CCR6 protein expression compared to the ES and PGS groups. Conclusion: We demonstrated increased topical drug delivery of curcumin to inflamed tissues using HA-ES targeting the highly expressed CD44 protein. This innovative strategy could be applied for the development of topical drug delivery systems targeting inflamed skin.
Oncolysis dominated therapeutic effect of LCMV-GP – pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus in a syngeneic lung cancer model
Authors: G. Wollmann, L.-M. Schreiber, C. Urbiola, K. Das, B. Spiesschaert, J. Kimpel, F. Heinemann, B. Stierstorfer, P. Müller, M. Petersson, P. Erlmann, D. von Laer
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Background: The therapeutic effect of oncolytic virotherapy is mediated largely by two mechanisms; direct oncolysis due to tumor-selective viral replication and the simultaneous activation of innate and adaptive immune responses with the potential of long-lasting tumor remissions. The chimeric vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped with LCMV glycoprotein (VSV-GP) has been previously reported to have both a rapid lytic cycle and a broad tumor tropism. In this study, we demonstrate its therapeutic potential in the syngeneic lung cancer model LLC1. Methods: To address the effect of IFN sensitivity of LLC1 cells to VSV-GP mediated oncolysis, we generated interferon receptor deficient cells (LLC1-IFNAR1-/-) using TALENs. Therapeutic efficacy of VSV-GP was assessed in vivo in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice and athymic nude mice bearing subcutaneous tumors. The mechanisms of VSV-GP treatment effect were investigated using bio-luminescent imaging (BLI), immunohistochemistry, multiplex ELISA and Nanostring® technology. Results: The ability of VSV-GP to infect and lyse LLC1 cancer cell-lines in vitro was abrogated by exogenously applied interferon (IFN) type I indicating a dependence of the oncolytic effect on defects in the IFN response of cancer cells. Interferon resistance of LLC1-IFNAR1-/- cells correlated with prolonged intratumoral viral replication and improved therapeutic outcome in vivo, as demonstrated by using a matched pair of LLC1 wildtype and LLC1-IFNAR-/- tumors. Additionally, BLI revealed successful tumor-to-tumor spread of viral progeny in bilateral tumor models. VSV-GP therapy was associated with enhanced T cell infiltration and upregulation of various immune-associated genes. Interestingly, the efficacy of VSV-GP therapy in treating LLC1-IFNAR-/- tumors was not diminished by the absence of CD8+ T cells and cured mice were not immune to tumor rechallenge indicating a predominant lytic effect. Conclusions: The treatment effect of VSV-GP in LLC1-IFNAR-/- lung cancer model is primarily lytic with negligible contribution of adaptive immunity despite strong activation of both innate and adaptive immune signatures. Legal entity responsible for the study: Medical University of Innsbruck. Funding: ViraTherapeutics GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria. Disclosure: G. Wollmann: Scientific advisor: Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG. B. Spiesschaert: Part time employment: ViraTherapeutics GmbH; Part of Christian Doppler Laboratory. F. Heinemann, B. Stierstorfer, P. Müller: Employment: Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG. M. Petersson, P. Erlmann: Employment: ViraTherapeutics GmbH. D. von Laer: Inventor of VSV-GP; Minority shares: ViraTherapeutics GmbH (which holds the intellectual property rights for VSV-GP); Scientific advisor: Boehringer Ingelheim. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Inflamed human oropharyngeal cancers with ongoing tumor-specific T cell responses comprise a different type of immune suppressive T cells
Authors: S.J. Santegoets, C.L. Duurland, E.S. Jordanova, V.J. van Ham, I. Ehsan, M.J. Welters, S.H. van der Burg
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Background: Recent studies have shown that for optimal immune suppression regulatory T cells (Tregs) are required to adopt a transcriptional profile similar to that of the type of T cells they aim to suppress. For instance, Foxp3+ Tregs upregulate the Th1-associated transcription factor Tbet to control a type 1 cytokine-mediated inflammatory response in order to prevent unwanted tissue destruction and immunopathology. However, little is known about the existence and function of such Treg cells in cancer patients. Methods: To study the presence and potential impact of Tbet-expressing Foxp3+ (Foxp3+Tbet+) Tregs in human cancer, we applied three-color immunofluorescence staining and 12-parameter flow cytometry on the tumor microenvironment (TME) of human papilloma virus (HPV)-driven oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients. Results: Our data revealed that Foxp3+Tbet+ Tregs accumulate and dominate in the tumor cell nests of patients with a concomitant HPV-specific and type 1-oriented intratumoral T cell infiltrate. Moreover, these CD4+CD25+CD127–Foxp3+Tbet+ Tregs exhibited an activated phenotype and co-expressed high levels of CTLA4 and Helios. Assessment of the methylation status of the FoxP3 gene locus TSDR of flow cytometry-sorted Foxp3+Tbet+ and Foxp3+Tbet - Tregs revealed that it was maximally demethylated, indicating that these Tregs have the full capacity to suppress immune cells. Interestingly, OPSCC patients with high intratumoral frequencies of Foxp3+Tbet+ Tregs, but not Foxp3+Tbet– Tregs, displayed prolonged disease-specific survival, suggesting that the presence of Foxp3+Tbet+ Tregs is a reflection of a strong and clinically favorable local tumor-specific type 1 immune response. Conclusions: In conclusion, bona fide Foxp3+Tbet+ regulatory T cells accumulate in HPV16-driven tumors that are highly infiltrated with type 1 tumor-specific T cells, at levels enough to impede full spontaneous immune-mediated tumor control. Legal entity responsible for the study: Sjoerd H. van der Burg. Funding: The Dutch Cancer Society. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Evidence for Minimal Cardiogenic Potential of Stem Cell Antigen 1–Positive Cells in the Adult Mouse Heart
Authors: Lauren E. Neidig, Florian Weinberger, Nathan J. Palpant, John Mignone, Amy M. Martinson, Daniel W. Sorensen, Ingrid Bender, Natsumi Nemoto, Hans Reinecke, Lil Pabon, Jeffery D. Molkentin, Charles E. Murry, Jop H. van Berlo
Journal: Circulation (2018)
Point Spread Function Reconstruction for Integrated 18F-FET PET/MRI in Patients With Glioma
Authors: Julian Manuel Michael Rogasch, Josefine Albers, Ferdinand L. Steinkrüger, Mathias Lukas, Florian Wedel, Holger Amthauer, Christian Furth
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

Purpose Semiquantitative 18 F-FET PET assessment using the tumor's SUV or tumor-to-background ratios (TBRs) can separate gliomas from peritumoral tissue or progression from pseudoprogression. This study investigated if point spread function (PSF) reconstruction of 18 F-FET PET data affects SUV-based dignity assessment. Materials and Methods This study is a retrospective analysis of 87 glioma patients (female, 36; male, 51; age, 48 [13–81] years) undergoing 18 F-FET PET/MRI for staging (n = 17) or restaging (n = 70). PET was reconstructed using ordered-subset expectation maximization with and without PSF. Lesions were delineated with semiautomated background-adapted thresholding relative to SUV max ; background was delineated contralaterally. Comparative measurements with a National Electrical Manufacturers Association International Electrotechnical Commission PET body phantom (sphere-to-background ratios, 8:1 and 4:1) were performed. Results PSF showed significantly higher tumor SUV max (median difference, +0.1; interquartile range, 0.04–0.18), SUV mean (+0.05; 0.03–0.08), TBR max|mean (+0.1; 0.04–0.2), and TBR mean|mean (+0.06; 0.03–0.09) than non-PSF ( P &lt; 0.001). Background SUV mean was unaffected. In patients and phantom, differences between PSF and non-PSF increased with TBR and decreased with lesion's PET volume. Differences only exceeded 0.2 SUV for SUV max or 0.1 SUV for SUV mean if TBR was greater than 3 and lesion's PET volume was less than 10 mL (d = 27 mm). Dignity assessment by PSF and non-PSF was concordant in all patients examined for staging (cutoff, TBR mean|mean &gt; 1.6; positive, 14; negative, 3) and restaging (cutoff, TBR max|mean &gt; 2.0; positive, 67; negative, 3). Conclusions PSF increased tumor SUV max and SUV mean compared with non-PSF 18 F-FET PET/MRI data, especially in small lesions with high TBR (&gt;3). However, dignity assessment using established TBR cutoffs was not affected.