tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Drainage des abcès et collections abdominales: l'échoendoscopie thérapeutique en 1ère intention
Authors: L Poincloux, T Khuong, F Artigues, F Monzy, M Dapoigny, G Bommelaer
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Le champ de l'échoendoscopie (EE) thérapeutique s'est élargi grâce à l'apparition de canaux opérateurs de gros calibre. But: Evaluer la faisabilité et l'efficacité clinique des drainages transpariétaux digestifs des abcès et collections abdominales entièrement réalisés par EE
Nivolumab versus standard, single-agent therapy of investigator's choice in recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (CheckMate 141): health-related quality-of-life results from a randomised, phase 3 trial
Authors: Kevin J Harrington, Robert L Ferris, George Blumenschein, A Dimitrios Colevas, Jérôme Fayette, Lisa Licitra, Stefan Kasper, Caroline Even, Everett E Vokes, Francis Worden, Nabil F Saba, Naomi Kiyota, Robert Haddad, Makoto Tahara, Viktor Grünwald, James W Shaw, Manish Monga, Mark Lynch, Fiona Taylor, Michael DeRosa, Laura Morrissey, Kim Cocks, Maura L Gillison, Joël Guigay
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2017)
Randomized, multicenter trial of lateral Trendelenburg versus semirecumbent body position for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: Gianluigi Li Bassi, Mauro Panigada, Otavio T Ranzani, Alberto Zanella, Lorenzo Berra, Massimo Cressoni, Vieri Parrini, Hassan Kandil, Giovanni Salati, Paola Selvaggi, Alessandro Amatu, Miquel Sanz-Moncosi, Emanuela Biagioni, Fernanda Tagliaferri, Mirella Furia, Giovanna Mercurio, Antonietta Costa, Tullio Manca, Simone Lindau, Jaksa Babel, Marco Cavana, Chiara Chiurazzi, Joan-Daniel Marti, Dario Consonni, Luciano Gattinoni, Antonio Pesenti, Janine Wiener-Kronish, Cecilia Bruschi, Andrea Ballotta, Pierpaolo Salsi, Sergio Livigni, Giorgio Iotti, Javier Fernandez, Massimo Girardis, Maria Barbagallo, Gabriella Moise, Massimo Antonelli, Maria Luisa Caspani, Antonella Vezzani, Patrick Meybohm, Vladimir Gasparovic, Edoardo Geat, Marcelo Amato, Michael Niederman, Theodor Kolobow, Antoni Torres
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2017)
Patterns of head and neck cancer incidence, mortality, and survival in the U.S. Hispanic population.
Authors: Melissa S. Oh, Renjian Jiang, Yuan Liu, Xiting Zhu, Nabil F. Saba, Oswaldo A. Henriquez
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e13084 Background: To compare the incidence, mortality, and survival of head and neck cancer (HNCA) in the U.S. Hispanic population to other racial/ethnic groups. Methods: Using the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, we compared the incidence and mortality of cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx between the U.S. Hispanic population versus other racial and ethnic subgroups, as well as the annual percent change between 2000-2013. A comparative analysis for different groups stratified by age and sex was performed. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier estimate and logistic regression analysis. Results: The incidence of oral cavity, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers were significantly lower in Hispanics compared to Non-Hispanics (p &lt; 0.05). The incidence of laryngeal cancer decreased significantly at a rate of 2.5% annually (p &lt; 0.05), while incidence of oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers remained unchanged in U.S. Hispanics. The mortality rate for oral cavity, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cancers in the U.S. Hispanic population were 1.4 per 100,000, 1.1 per 100,000, and 1.2 per 100,000 respectively. Mortality rates in Hispanics were significantly lower compared to Non-Hispanics (p &lt; 0.05). Non-Hispanics Blacks had the highest HNCA-related mortality among all the compared groups. The mortality of HNCA was significantly declining annually in the U.S. Hispanic population (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: The incidence and mortality of HNCA in the U.S. Hispanic population appears to be declining and is significantly lower compared to Non-Hispanics.
Abstract 256: Paracrine miRNA-Crosstalk Between Human CD34+ Stem Cells and Selective Myocardial Cells Via Therapeutic Exosomes Promotes Repair of the Ischemic Heart
Authors: Susmita Sahoo, David Kim, Sol Misener, Christine E Kamide, Douglas E Vaughan, Douglas W Losordo
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Introduction: Earlier, in a first study of its kind, we have demonstrated a novel mechanism that therapeutically significant human CD34+ stem cells secrete membrane bound nano-vesicles called exosomes (CD34Exo). CD34Exo are angiogenic and constitute a critical component of the pro-angiogenic paracrine activity of the cells. Further, when transplanted locally, cell-free CD34Exo induce ischemic tissue repair in a murine hindlimb ischemia model. Here, we hypothesize that exosomes released via paracrine secretion from human CD34+ cells mediate myocardial repair by direct transfer of microRNAs to target cells in the heart. Methods and Results: When injected into mouse ischemic myocardium, cell-free CD34Exo replicated the therapeutic activity of human CD34+ cells by significantly improving ischemia (ejection fraction, 42±4 v 22±6%; capillary density, 113±7 v 66±6/HPF; fibrosis, 27±2 v 48±7%; p&lt;0.05, n=7-12) compared with PBS control. Interestingly, confocal imaging and flow cytometry analyses of the exosomes-injected ischemic myocardial tissue revealed that CD34Exo was selectively internalized into endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. CD34Exo, which is enriched with miR126, induced the expression of miR126 and several pro-angiogenic mRNAs in the exosomes-treated ischemic myocardium, but did not affect the endogenous synthesis of miR126. CD34Exo lacking miR126 had decreased angiogenic activity in vitro and decreased proangiogenic gene expression in vivo indicating that miR126 is important for CD34Exo function. Imaging using fluorescent miR126 confirms that CD34Exo directly transferred miR126 and possibly other yet to be identified moieties from its cargo, selectively to endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes in the ischemic heart. Conclusion: Our results reveal a novel molecular and trafficking mechanism of CD34Exo that may be responsible for intercellular transfer of genetic information such as miRNAs from human CD34+ stem cells, selectively to endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes inducing changes in gene expression, angiogenesis and myocardial recovery. Exosomes-shuttled miRNAs may signify amplification of stem cell function and may explain the therapeutic benefits associated with human CD34+ cell therapy.
Identifying hereditary thyroid cancer in Ireland.
Authors: Niamh Marie Fitzgerald, Emily O'Donovan, David James Gallagher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e13010 Background: Thyroid cancer is a heritable malignancy but an uncommon reason for referral to cancer genetics services. Predisposition to thyroid cancer remains poorly understood but mutations in RET, PTEN and HABP2 are associated with an increased risk of developing thyroid cancer. We investigated the rate of referral of familial and early onset thyroid cancer for cancer genetics opinion and the diagnostic yield of genetic testing. Methods: 1,840 family pedigrees collected by the cancer genetics service in St. James’s Hospital, Dublin between 1996 and 2015 were reviewed and each pedigree that contained a diagnosis of thyroid cancer was identified. Diagnoses of thyroid cancer were ascertained from the head and neck cancer data at St. James’s Hospital between 2011 and 2014 and from the National Cancer Registry between 1994 and 2012. Information on genetic tests ordered and the test results were extracted from the medical records. Results: Thyroid cancer cases increased annually between 1998 and 2012 in Ireland. There were 63 thyroid cancer diagnoses in 1998 and 245 in 2012. In 2014, 59 cases of thyroid cancer were managed in St. James’s Hospital; these patients ranged in age from 21 to 85 years (median 52 years). Sixty-two (3.4%) pedigrees contained a diagnosis of thyroid disease. Medical records were available for review on 28 of these patients. Twenty-one genetic tests were undertaken in seventeen of these families (12 PTEN, 5 BRCA, 3 RET and 2 TP53). All pedigrees contained at least two other cancers; breast, ovarian and colorectal cancers were the most common. A pathogenic RET mutation was confirmed in one family with four cases of medullary thyroid cancer. Conclusions: The incidence of thyroid cancer is increasing in Ireland. Familial and/or early onset thyroid cancer is an infrequent reason for referral to cancer genetics services. Confirmation of genetic predisposition offers a powerful prevention opportunity in certain families and better referral pathways need to be developed.
Abstract 227: Phosphorylation Patterning Determined by AMP-Activated Kinase, the LKB1/MO25/STRAD Complex, and Protein Phosphatase 1 Alters Contractile Function in Cardiac Rat Trabeculae
Authors: Samantha Behunin, John P Konhilas
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Post-translational modifications (PTM) of myofilament proteins alter contractile function of the heart in healthy as well as diseased myocardium and the patterning of PTMs can influence cardiac disease progression. PTM of the thin filament regulatory protein cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is known to modify contractile properties, including steady-state Ca2+ sensitivity of force and crossbridge cycling rates. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cTnI PTM patterning on myofilament function. Therefore, I hypothesize that the impact of cTnI PTM on contractile function will depend on the relative phosphorylation levels. To do this, demembranated rat cardiac trabeculae from 2 month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with AMP activated kinase (AMPK) (0.005 U/ µL), Protein Phosphatase 1 (PP1) (1U/µL), and the upstream AMPK kinase, the LKB1/MO25/STRAD complex (0.2 mU/µL). Fibers that were incubated with activated AMPK displayed an increase in Ca2+ sensitivity compared to untreated control fibers (EC50 1.41±0.08 μM [n=2] vs. 2.52±0.43 μM [n=9] p&lt;0.001). PP1 treatment, previously shown to decrease cTnI phosphorylation, tended to increase Ca2+ sensitivity compared to untreated fibers (EC50 2.31 μM [n=1] vs. 2.52±0.43 μM [n=9]). Interestingly, PP1 treatment also increased passive tension generation by 27% compared to control fibers (P&lt;0.001 [n=3]). Surprisingly, the LKB1/MO25/STRAD complex decreased overall tension development (14.18±2.27 mN/mm2 [n=2] vs 37.03 ± 16.72 mN/mm2 [n=9] p=0.002), and desensitized the myofilament to Ca2+ (EC50 4.18 ±0.0001 µM [n=2] vs 2.52±0.43 μM [n=9] p&lt;0.001). In conclusion, I have shown that the functional outcomes are determined by the differential PTM patterning of cTnI. Furthermore, we have identified the LKB1/MO25/STRAD complex as a potential novel regulator of myofilament function.
Haplotype-phenotype correlations in kindreds with the N279K mutation in the tau gene [1] (multiple letters)
Authors: Bryan K. Woodruff, Yasuhiko Baba, Michael L. Hutton, Zbigniew K. Wszolek, Yoshio Tsuboi, Tomonori Kobayashi, Bernardino Ghetti, Kunimasa Arima, Minoru Yasuda, Olivier Rascol, Floriano Girotti
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2004)
Mitigating Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes With Antidiabetes Drugs: A Review of Principal Cardiovascular Outcome Results of EMPA-REG OUTCOME, LEADER, and SUSTAIN-6 Trials
Authors: Sanjay Kaul
Journal: Diabetes Care (2017)

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a diabetes guidance in 2008 mandating that all new antidiabetes drugs rule out excess cardiovascular (CV) risk, defined as an upper bound of the two-sided 95% CI for major adverse CV events (MACE) of less than 1.80 preapproval and 1.30 postapproval. Over 25 large, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trials involving nearly 195,000 subjects thus far have been completed or are ongoing in accordance with this guidance. The results of seven trials have been presented so far—three with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, one with a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, and three with glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA). While all seven trials showed noninferiority in the rate of MACE with the use of these agents compared with placebo, three of them revealed CV benefits. Treatment with empagliflozin (an SGLT2 inhibitor) and treatment with liraglutide (a GLP-1 RA) both significantly reduced the risk of MACE, mortality from CV causes, and mortality from any cause when compared with placebo. Treatment with semaglutide, another GLP-1 RA, showed a significantly lower rate of MACE but not mortality from CV or any cause compared with placebo. In all of the trials, the effects of treatment on outcomes were out of proportion to the small differences in glycemic control levels, suggesting that the effects observed were likely unrelated to differences in the glucose-lowering efficacy. Overall, the results of these trials yield a favorable benefit-risk balance for these therapies in mitigating CV risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. More research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and confirm whether the CV benefits are a class effect or whether the benefits persist in patients without established CV disease or are evident even in patients without diabetes.
Discrepancies between immunohistochemistry (IHC) form core biopsy (CB) and surgical specimen (SP) in patients with early breast cancer (EBC): A clinical decision-making challenge.
Authors: Sandra L. Ares, Natasha Gercovich, Ernesto Gil Deza, Gabriela Malcervelli, Silvina Laura Musini, Marcelo Muino, Edgardo G. J. Rivarola, Eduardo L. Morgenfeld, Felipe G. Gercovich
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e12072 Background: Various studies analyze the differences found between the IHC from CB and the SP. The discordance in this information can bring serious problems when it comes to making clinical decisions. Methods: In this retrospective study, we evaluated female patients with invasive EBC that were admitted to IOHM between June of 2014 and December of 2015, but only those in which the CB and SP had been carried out by the same medical team and whose IHC (Ki67, ER, PR and Her2) had been carried out by the same certified pathology laboratory. All tumors were classified as: Luminal A (LA); Luminal B Her2 negative (LB); Luminal B Her positive (LBH+); Her2 and Triple negative (TN). The correlation between ICH of the CB and SP was studied according to the Kappa test. Results: Seventy-three patients were included. Median age 53 years (r = 26-89) Stages (I = 27;II = 26,III = 20). In 45 cases (62%) there was no discrepancy but in 28 cases (38%) there was a discrepancy between the IHC from CB and the SP, which had an impact in tumoral subclassification, as can be seen in the table below. The Kappa test (K) for determining IHC ranged between regular and good: Ki67 (K = 0,289); ER (K = 0,66); PR (K = 0,61); Her2 (K = 0,70). In all 28 cases, the information discrepancy had an impact in the medical decision: in 20 cases ± Chemotherapy; in 8 cases ± Trastuzumab and in 4 cases ± Hormonotherapy. Conclusions: 1) In this patient cohort, where the interobserver variability was minimized, there was a high rate of disagreement regarding the tumor’s molecular type according to the IHC in 28/73 patients. 2) These discrepancies in information could have as a result the subtreatment of 10/28 patients and the overtreatment of 18/28 patients with Chemotherapy, Trastuzumab or Hormone therapy; with the health and medical praxis risks this entails. 3) Sample processing should be optimized to minimize these discrepancies as much as possible. Correlation of the IHC between the core biopsy (CB) and the surgical specimen (SP). SP-LA SP-LB SP-LBH+ SP-Her2 SP-TN CB- LA (n = 32) 22 6 2 0 2 CB-LB (n = 18) 7 10 0 0 1 CB-LBH+ (n = 11) 2 3 5 1 0 CB-Her2 (n = 9) 0 0 2 6 1 CB-TN (n = 3) 1 0 0 0 2 Total (n = 73) 32 19 9 7 6
Incentive Spirometry After Bariatric Surgery—Reply
Authors: Haddon Pantel, Thomas Schnelldorfer, Dmitry Nepomnayshy
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2017)

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Dynamics of<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>infection as a determinant of progression of gastric precancerous lesions: 16-year follow-up of an eradication trial
Authors: Robertino M Mera, Luis E Bravo, M Constanza Camargo, Juan C Bravo, Alberto G Delgado, Judith Romero-Gallo, Maria C Yepez, José L Realpe, Barbara G Schneider, Douglas R Morgan, Richard M Peek, Pelayo Correa, Keith T Wilson, M Blanca Piazuelo
Journal: Gut (2017)

Objective To evaluate the long-term effect of cumulative time exposed to Helicobacter pylori infection on the progression of gastric lesions. Design 795 adults with precancerous gastric lesions were randomised to receive anti- H. pylori treatment at baseline. Gastric biopsies were obtained at baseline and at 3, 6, 12 and 16 years. A total of 456 individuals attended the 16-year visit. Cumulative time of H. pylori exposure was calculated as the number of years infected during follow-up. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk of progression to a more advanced diagnosis (versus no change/regression) as well as gastric cancer risk by intestinal metaplasia (IM) subtype. For a more detailed analysis of progression, we also used a histopathology score assessing both severity and extension of the gastric lesions (range 1–6). The score difference between baseline and 16 years was modelled by generalised linear models. Results Individuals who were continuously infected with H. pylori for 16 years had a higher probability of progression to a more advanced diagnosis than those who cleared the infection and remained negative after baseline (p=0.001). Incomplete-type IM was associated with higher risk of progression to cancer than complete-type (OR, 11.3; 95% CI 1.4 to 91.4). The average histopathology score increased by 0.20 units/year (95% CI 0.12 to 0.28) among individuals continuously infected with H. pylori . The effect of cumulative time of infection on progression in the histopathology score was significantly higher for individuals with atrophy (without IM) than for individuals with IM (p&lt;0.001). Conclusions Long-term exposure to H. pylori infection was associated with progression of precancerous lesions. Individuals infected with H. pylori with these lesions may benefit from eradication, particularly those with atrophic gastritis without IM. Incomplete-type IM may be a useful marker for the identification of individuals at higher risk for cancer.
Fundamental Cardiovascular Research: Returns on Societal Investment: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Joseph A. Hill, Reza Ardehali, Kimberli Taylor Clarke, Gregory J. del Zoppo, Lee L. Eckhardt, Kathy K. Griendling, Peter Libby, Dan M. Roden, Hesham A. Sadek, Christine E. Seidman, Douglas E. Vaughan
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

Recent decades have witnessed robust successes in conquering the acutely lethal manifestations of heart and vascular diseases. Many patients who previously would have died now survive. Lifesaving successes like these provide a tremendous and easily recognized benefit to individuals and society. Although cardiovascular mortality has declined, the devastating impact of chronic heart disease and comorbidities on quality of life and healthcare resources continues unabated. Future strides, extending those made in recent decades, will require continued research into mechanisms underlying disease prevention, pathogenesis, progression, and therapeutic intervention. However, severe financial constraints currently jeopardize these efforts. To chart a path for the future, this report analyzes the challenges and opportunities we face in continuing the battle against cardiovascular disease and highlights the return on societal investment afforded by fundamental cardiovascular research.
Renal transplantation for indigenous Australians: Identifying the barriers to equitable access.
Authors: A Cass, J Cunningham, P Snelling, ZQ Wang, WE Hoy
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2002)

Objective. To assess Indigenous Australians' access to renal transplantation, compared with non-Indigenous Australians. To examine whether disparities are due to a lower rate of acceptance onto the waiting list and/or a lower rate of moving from the list to transplantation. Design. National cohort study using data from the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry. We included all end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients under 65 years of age who started treatment in Australia between January 1993 and December 1998. We used survival analysis to examine the time from commencement of renal replacement therapy (RRT) to transplantation. We measured time from commencement of RRT to acceptance onto the waiting list (stage 1), and time from acceptance onto the waiting list to transplantation (stage 2). The main outcome measures were (1) acceptance onto the waiting list and (2) receipt of a transplant, before 31 March 2000. Results. Indigenous patients had a lower transplantation rate (adjusted Indigenous: non-Indigenous rate ratio 0.32, 95% CI 0.25-0.40). They had both a lower rate of acceptance onto the waiting list (adjusted rate ratio 0.50, 95% CI 0.44-0.57) and a lower rate of moving from the list to transplantation (adjusted rate ratio 0.50, 95% CI 0.38-0.65). The disparities were not explained by differences in age, sex, co-morbidities or cause of renal disease. Conclusions. Indigenous Australians face barriers to acceptance onto the waiting list and to moving from the list to transplantation. Further research to identify the causes could facilitate strategies to improve equity in transplantation.