tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Questions of resolving cholestasis in metastatic cancer of the hepatobiliary system
Authors: S. Khoshimov
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Introduction: To clarify the indications for decompression of the biliary tract (BT) by proximal access and to determine the possibilities of its long-term drainage in patients with mechanical jaundice (MJ) caused by metastatic cancer of the hepatobiliary system. Methods: In the last 10 years, 178 patients were at the Scientific Center of the Liver and Biliary Diseases and the Department of Oncology and Radiology of the Tashkent Medical Academy of Metastatic Liver Cancer and in the zone of the hepatoduodenal ligament. In 69 (38.6%) of them developed MF. There were 41 women (60.1%), men - 28 (39.9%). The cause of metastatic lesion of the hepatobiliary zone was tumors of the following localization: stomach - 23 (33.3%), pancreas - 19 (27.5%), colon and rectum - 24 (35.0%), genitalia - 2 (2, 8%), lungs - 1 (1.4%). Localization, number, sizes of metastases in the liver and in the zone of the hepatoduodenal ligament, as well as the degree of dilatation of BT, the level of its obstruction was established with the help of radiation diagnostic methods: ultrasound, CT, MRI. When planning PTC, the method of 3D modeling of the biliary system, portal and caval vessels according to spiral CT and MRCP was used. Results: Favorable conditions for transhepatic drainage of BT were found in 49 (71.1%) patients, relatively favorable - in 17 (24.6%), unfavorable - in 3 (4.3%). In the last 3 cases, it was not possible to carry out PTC, the attempt to perform PTC in 4 (23.5%) observations with relatively favorable conditions was also not effective. In the nearest postoperative period, complications were present in 6 (9.6%) patients from 62 patients who managed to decompress BT by proximal access. In 2 cases, catheter prolapse occurred, and its reinstallation was performed. In 4 cases, hemobiology was noted, which was stopped conservatively. Outer internal drainage of the BT was accomplished in 5 (8.1%) cases. In the near postoperative period there were no lethal outcomes. The period of drainage of BT to 3 months was 95.1% of patients, up to 9 months - 8.0%, up to 1 year no patient survived. Conclusion: With the development of MJ in patients with metastatic cancer of the hepatobiliary system, it is necessary to find out the conditions for performing decompression of BT and, if they are available, to establish a catheter in BT proximal access. Elimination of jaundice, although not for a long time, improves the quality of life and somewhat prolongs the life of the patient.
The ribosomal RPL10 R98S mutation drives IRES-dependent BCL-2 translation in T-ALL
Authors: Kim R. Kampen, Sergey O. Sulima, Benno Verbelen, Tiziana Girardi, Stijn Vereecke, Gianmarco Rinaldi, Jelle Verbeeck, Joyce Op de Beeck, Anne Uyttebroeck, Jules P. P. Meijerink, Anthony V. Moorman, Christine J. Harrison, Pieter Spincemaille, Jan Cools, David Cassiman, Sarah-Maria Fendt, Pieter Vermeersch, Kim De Keersmaecker
Journal: Leukemia (2018)
From guidelines to the sidelines: implementation of cardiovascular preparticipation evaluation in sports clubs is lagging
Authors: Kristofer Hedman, Sofia Sunnerud, Anna Carlén, Magnus Janzon, Eva Nylander
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2018)

In the last years, European and American organisations have presented rigorous position statements for guidance of physicians engaged in the cardiovascular screening of athletes as part of a preparticipation evaluation (PPE).1 2 In addition, continuous improvements of criteria for ECG interpretation in athletes over the last decade have yielded comprehensive updated international guidelines.3 Thus, the stage should be set for an evidence-based, best-practice cardiovascular PPE for the benefit of all competitive athletes included under each country’s or sports governing body’s regulations and recommendations. However, as pointed out in last year’s position statement from the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine,2 the long-standing debate regarding the inclusion or not of ECG in cardiovascular screening may have halted or clouded other important discussions and progress in the field. We believe one issue that has received far too little attention is the question of actual implementation of the cardiovascular PPE in sports clubs.

Notably, several reports from the USA have found …
Abstract 17698: Prevalence and Locations of Extra-cardiac Lesions on 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Patients With Suspected Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Authors: Chiharuko Iio, Haruhiko Higashi, Akiyoshi Ogimoto, Hiroshi Kawakami, Fumiyasu Seike, Tamami Kono, Teruyoshi Uetani, Jun Aono, Takayuki Nagai, Kazuhisa Nishimura, Katsuji Inoue, Jun Suzuki, Takafumi Okura, Jitsuo Higaki, Shuntaro Ikeda
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) has been reported to be useful tool for evaluating the location, extent, and activity of cardiac sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis, which is a system...
Efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of the anti-programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody, tislelizumab (BGB-A317) in a phase 2, open-label, multicenter study to investigate in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma - Trial in progress
Authors: A. Cheng, G. Abou-Alfa, Z. Ren, E. Assenat, A. Cubillo, S. Pluntke, L. Rimassa, P. Ross, L. Wyrwicz, J. Hou, C. Li, J. Wu, M. Ducreux
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Introduction: Tislelizumab (BGB-A317) is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody with high affinity and specificity for PD-1 that was specifically engineered to minimize FcgR binding on macrophages, thereby abrogating antibody-dependent phagocytosis, a potential mechanism of T-cell clearance. A first-in-human, phase 1A/1B study (NCT02407990) demonstrated that single-agent tislelizumab was generally well tolerated and had preliminary antitumor effects in patients with solid tumors, including HCC. A recommended dose of tislelizumab administered at 200 mg intravenously (IV) every 3 weeks (Q3W) has been established. Methods: This phase 2, multicenter study (NCT03419897) was designed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of tislelizumab in patients with previously treated, unresectable HCC. This study will enroll patients who are ≥18 years of age with histologically confirmed locally advanced or unresectable HCC. This includes patients who are not amenable to, or who have relapsed after, locoregional therapy and are not amenable to a curative treatment approach. To be enrolled, patients must also have a Child-Pugh classification Grade A, ECOG performance status ≤1 and must have experienced sorafenib, regorafenib, or chemotherapy in 1 − 2 lines of prior systemic therapy. Radiological assessment of tumor-response status will be performed every 6 weeks in the first 18 weeks then every 9 weeks thereafter. Patients with prior PD-1 or PD-L1 treatment or who received sorafenib or regorafenib within 14 days of the first study drug administration will be excluded. A total of 228 patients worldwide will be treated with tislelizumab 200 mg IV Q3W. The primary endpoint of this study is objective response rate assessed by Independent Review Committee per RECISIT v1.1; secondary endpoints include duration of response, progression-free survival, disease control rate, clinical benefit rate, overall survival, quality-of-life outcomes, and assessment of the tislelizumab pharmacokinetic and safety/tolerability profiles. Exploratory endpoints include assessment of potential biomarkers, assessment of host immunogenicity to tislelizumab. Safety/tolerability assessments will include monitoring of adverse events (AEs), including immune-related AEs, as well as physical examinations, vital signs, and electrocardiograms.
MBCL-14. MOLECULAR GENETIS BIOMARKERS FOR PROGNISIS DEFINING IN MEDULLOBLASTOMA PATIENTS
Authors: Alexander Druy, Ludmila Yasko, Ludmila Papusha, Zhanna Supik, Andgie Valiakhmetova, Leila Nigmatullina, Dmitry Konovalov, Yulia Olshanskaya, Galina Novichkova
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

Medulloblastoma, the most common CNS malignancy of childhood, is known for a significant clinical heterogeneity. The aim of the study was investigation of prognostic molecular-genetic biomarkers in Russian cohort of medulloblastoma patients. Molecular subgrouping was performed by gene expression profiling using Nanostring and copy number variation (CNV) analysis by MLPA in 50 primary FFPE tumor samples. All patients were treated according to HIT protocol. Median of follow-up time achieved 23.3 months. Molecular group distribution was as follows: WNT- 8, SHH- 14, group 3- 16, group 4- 27 patients. Different histological variants were present within all molecular subgroups with the exception of WNT where only classical variant was present. Separation of medulloblastoma into molecular subgroups had prognostic significance with event-free survival (EFS) for WNT- 1.00, SHH- 0.70(0.18), group3 – 0.40(0.14), group4- 0.76(0.11). In the whole cohort of patients only gain or amplification of 8q.24(MYC) had prognostication (EFS 0.17(0.14) vs. 0.70(0.07), p<0.001). None cytogenetic markers had prognostic significance in patients with WNT and SHH subgroups due to limited number of patients, while in group3 presence of gain6p (p=0.001), gain17q (p=0.017) and 10q deletion (p=0.021) led to dismal outcome. Also EFS in patients harboring gain of 8q24 (MYC) tended to decrease (p=0.081). Presence of isochromosome 17q had negative prognostic significance in group4 patients (p=0.023) while separate gain17q also had influence on EFS (p=0.086). Thus molecular subgrouping of medulloblastoma together with CNV data are clinically relevant and suitable to be prognostic biomarkers for patient’s stratification into risk groups.
SP0159 Personal importance of a good relationship to a therapist from a patients point of view
Authors: H Voser
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3></h3> For a patient, it is very important, how the relationship to a therapist looks and feels like. First of all, patient and professional have a business-relationship: the professional offers a kind of 'service' and gets money for it, and they have a agreement what is included and so on. So the customer (patient) is the one who can 'buy or refuse'; the professional has to respect the wishes. They have to work out conditions, that are ok for all parties. They have to define expectations and roles; possibilities and limits of it. Of course the relationship also has more components: Arthritis makes you feel small, dependent and insure. So one effect of the relationship should be, that the patient feels more self-confident, to get supported in its own personality. Therapists aren't really experts for the illness; for the 'technical part', yes; but not for the other components. Every patient is the expert of his own illness; nobody can feel, how it feels like, and whether it feels better or worse; nobody else can finally say, which therapy, remedy or diet really helps you the best. Therapists can help us to have an overview of the possibilities we have and they can tell us what experience (positive and negative-ones) have been made with them; but proof and decide we have ourselves. The most important thing is, that a therapist should show me a way to an easier way of life, that is realistic and not to complicated. That also means, that therapists should inform us in a objective way, to really help us decide, which way we choose. And: if we decide in an other way, the professional suggested: he should accept it fully and not judge or treat the patient worse than before. The example of my personal relationship to 'my' therapists will be given at the meeting.
Роль біологічно активних речовин у формуванні гастроезофагеальної рефлюксної хвороби у хворих на цукровий діабет 2 типу
Authors: Ye.S. Sirchak, O.O. Boldizhar, M.P. Stan
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2018)

Актуальність. У наш час недостатньо вивчені фактори, що впливають на перебіг і клінічні прояви гастроезофагеальної рефлюксної хвороби (ГЕРХ) у хворих на цукровий діабет (ЦД) 2 типу. Мета. Дослідження особливостей зміни рівнів простагландинів (Pg) І2 та F2α у сироватці крові залежно від клінічного перебігу ГЕРХ у хворих на ЦД 2 типу. Матеріали та методи. Обстежено 82 хворих на ГЕРХ і ЦД 2 типу (основна — 1 група) і групу порівняння (85 хворих на ГЕРХ — 2 група). Обстеженим пацієнтам у сироватці крові проводили визначення PgF2α та 6-кето-простагландину F1α (простациклін крові — PgI2). Результати. Скарги щодо органів травлення, характерні для ГЕРХ, установлено у 61,0 % пацієнтів 1 групи; у 22,0 % хворих із поєднаною патологією виявлено отоларингологічну; у 17,1 % обстежених — кардіальну форму ГЕРХ. У хворих на поєднану патологію більш виражене підвищення концентрації PgI2 із позастравохідними проявами ГЕРХ, особливо при його отоларингологічній формі (в 4,1 раза порівняно з показниками контрольної групи), тоді як у хворих при кардіальній масці ГЕРХ його концентрація підвищена у 3,5 раза, а у хворих зі стравохідними проявами ГЕРХ і ЦД 2 типу — у 3,0 раза. У хворих на ГЕРХ аналогічні зміни встановлено у 2,4 раза (отоларингологічні прояви), у 2,2 раза (кардіологічні прояви) та у 1,6 раза (типові прояви ГЕРХ) частіше. Висновки. ГЕРХ при ЦД 2 типу часто проявляється позастравохідною симптоматикою (отоларингологічна, кардіологічна форми). Максимальне підвищення рівня простацикліну у сироватці крові встановлено у хворих із позастравохідними проявами ГЕРХ у поєднанні з ЦД 2 типу, особливо його отоларингологічної форми.
Retrospective analysis of the frequency of the ALK translocation obtained by immunohistochemistry in gastric adenocarcinomas in a single Costa Rican hospital
Authors: L. Corrales-Rodriguez, J. Porras, M. Araya, A. van der Laat, P. Khanna, M. Juárez
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Introduction: Gastric cancer is now the fourth most common malignancy worldwide, and the second cause of mortality, with 738,000 deaths per year (10% of cancer deaths). This tumour encompasses a heterogeneous collection of histologic, anatomic, epidemiologic subtypes associated with a variety of known and unknown environmental and genetic factors. Numerous receptors such as mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET) receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), fibroblastic growth factor receptor (FGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER 2) have been shown potential to target specific pathways for tumour cell growth. Hence, more active searching of novel targets in gastric cancer is essential. The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) tyrosine kinase receptor has emerged recently as a potentially relevant biomarker and therapeutic target. The EML4-alk translocation has been analyzed in other types of cancer. The frequency of this translocation in gastric cancer has not been widely evaluated. Methods: This study is designed to obtain the frequency of the ALK translocation obtained by positivity of the Ventana® ALK (D5F5) CDx immunohistochemistry assay in all patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. All patients with a gastric adenocarcinoma diagnosed from 2010 to 2015 at Hospital San Juan de Dios were evaluated for biopsy analysis. Epidemiologic data was obtained and various factors were analysed. Inclusion criteria for the study included patients 18 years of age or older, diagnosis with a proven biopsy of gastric adenocarcinoma, and sufficient tumor sample to perform the ALK translocation analysis using Ventana immunohistochemistry. Exclusion criteria included non- sufficient biopsy sample and incomplete medical records. Ethical Committee approval was obtained. Results: A total of 485 gastric adenocarcinoma biopsy reports were obtained between 2010 and 2015 rom the Pathology Department at Hospital San Juan de Dios. Of these, complete information and adequate biopsy samples were able to be obtained in 272 patients. The ALK positivity was obtained in 12 patients (4.4%). The median age of diagnosis was 83.5 years old, and most likely to harbour a poorly differentiated tumor (45.5%). Negative patients had a median age at diagnosis of 72.6% and 32% had a poorly differentiated tumor. There was no difference in terms of gender (63% in both groups were male) and tumor site (62% vs 64% had an antral tumor). Conclusion: Our findings suggested that some patients with gastric adenocarcinoma may harbour an ALK translocation diagnosed by the Ventana® ALK (D5F5) CDx Assay. Patients were more likely to be older than the general population with poorly differentiated tumors. This finding could provide another potentially relevant biomarker and therapeutic target in the management of gastric adenocarcinomas.
LGG-32. EVALUATION OF PEDIATRIC GLIOMA OUTCOME USING INTRAOPERATIVE MRI: A COHORT STUDY USING I-MiND (IMRIS MULTICENTER iMRI NEUROSURGERY DATABASE)
Authors: Michael Karsy, Samuel Cheshier, S Hassan Akbari, David Limbrick, Eric C Leuthardt, John Evans, Matthew D Smyth, Jennifer Strahle, Jeffrey Leonard, Douglas L Brockmeyer, Robert J Bollo, John R Kestle, John Honeycutt, David J Donahue, Richard A Roberts, Daniel R Hansen, Garnette Sutherland, Clair Gallagher, Walter Hader, Yves Starreveld, Mark Hamilton, Ann-Christine Duhaime, Randy L Jensen, Michael R Chicoine
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

Gliomas in pediatric patients remain challenging to treat. Intraoperative MRI (iMRI) may be a method to improve resection volumes, avoid critical structures, and guide intraoperative therapy in real-time. We analyzed pediatric patients (age ≤18 years) in the I-MiND (IMRIS Multicenter iMRI Neurosurgery Database) who underwent resection of pathology-confirmed gliomas. A total of 327 patients (mean age 9.7 ± 4.6, 56.3% male) were identified who underwent treatment (13 neurosurgeons; 5 academic centers). Most tumors were World Health Organization (WHO) grade I (63.3%) without prior resection (82.6%) and were 31.7 ± 21.4 mm in average largest dimension. Of the 300 patients that underwent iMRI, additional tumor was resected from 140 patients (42.8%). Of the 37 patients with specimen sent to pathology after iMRI, 33 show positive tumor pathology (89.2%). The average surgery and room times were 5.6 ± 2.1 and 7.6 ± 2.2 hours, respectively. Mean overall survival (OS) for WHO grade I, II, III, and IV tumors was 35.4 ± 31.2, 20.1 ± 18.6, 19.2 ± 11.4, and 10.1 ± 10.6 months, respectively. On survival analysis, WHO grade and extent of resection impacted both OS and progression free survival (p<0.05). For patients with WHO grade I, II, III and IV tumors, a gross total resection rate of 73.9%, 75.0%, 72.2%, and 37.5% was observed, respectively. We evaluated the largest multicenter study of pediatric gliomas treated using iMRI. Increased extent of resection improved OS and gross-total resection was achievable in the majority of patients. The majority of post-iMRI resected specimens included tumors. Continued refinement of iMRI-techniques in pediatric patients may help improve outcomes.
NSRG-17. GAMMA KNIFE RADIOSURGERY FOR THE TREATMENT OF GRADE I AND II ASTROCYTOMAS IN THE PEDIATRIC POPULATION
Authors: Ashley S Plant, Jody Pathare, Darcy Engelhart, Venita Williams, Ivan Kirov, William G Loudon
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

In this series, we report our experience with 24 pediatric patients (<18yo) with biopsy proven grade I-II astrocytomas who received adjuvant gamma knife (GK) radiosurgery. All patients had previously undergone maximal surgical resection of their brain tumors with subsequent radiographic documentation of residual or recurrent disease. 8.3% of patients had received prior standard chemotherapy with vincrisitine and carboplatin. Patients received a single, outpatient treatment wiht a median 50% isodose of 12 Gy (range 4-18Gy). Median tumor volumes was 1.29cm3 (range 0.04-14.98cm3) No patient experienced post-GK acute toxicity requiring admission or subsequent re-operation. At median follow-up of 3 years (range 1-13yrs), overall survival for the cohort was 100% with 3 and 5 year EFS of 100%. Post-GK new neurologic deficits or subsequent neurologic decline was not identified in any of these patients. Fractionated external beam radiation therapy remains the standard for pediatric brain tumor radiation therapy. Median survival for grade I-II astrocytomas at 5yrs is generally reported around 86-90%. However, EFS post radiation is ≤70% and carries a risk of permanent short and long-term sequelae including neurocognitive deficits, endocrine dysfunction, and development of secondary malignancies. In adults, there are reports of decreased adverse sequelae and increased quality of life measures with GK compared to conventional radiation. The physics of GK stereotactic radiosurgery predict advantages of SRS conformality and specificity relative to conventional external beam radiation. Although longer follow-up is needed, our results extend these conclusions to pediatric brain tumor patients, supporting GK SRS as effective, well tolerated, and safe in the pediatric population.
LGG-62. SEIZURES IN LOW-GRADE GLIOMAS: CLINICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Victor Toro, Clarissa Aguilar
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

The risk of seizures varies between 60% and 100% among low-grade gliomas. The frequency of seizures differs widely according to tumor type. To evaluate the clinical and histopathological features of patients with low grade gliomas. We conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent initial surgery for low grade glioma in a pediatric institution, between 2010 and 2017. Some variables are analyzed such as: age, sex, tumor location, histopathological findings, clinical characteristics of the seizures, surgical treatment, antiepileptic drugs. The main diagnoses were: desembrioplastic tumor, ganglioma, astrocytoma, all as WHO grade I, most of them with seizures as a main symptom, tumors involving the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobs with partial resection or biopsies. And epilepsy that merits treatment with up to two anticonvulsants during follow-up. Tumor location and histology influence the risk of epilepsy. Glioneuronal tumors, are typically associated with chronic drug-resistant epilepsy in up to 90% -100% of patients. Total macroscopic resection is the strongest predictor of the absence of attacks in addition to clinical factors, such as duration of preoperative attacks, type and control with antiepileptic drugs. The management of seizures represents an important aspect of the low grade gliomas, since tumor-related epilepsy affects patients’ quality of life, causes cognitive deterioration, and may result in significant morbidity.