tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
2-Hydroxyglutarate MR spectroscopy for prediction of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutant glioma: a systemic review and meta-analysis using individual patient data
Authors: Chong Hyun Suh, Ho Sung Kim, Seung Chai Jung, Choong Gon Choi, Sang Joon Kim
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

Noninvasive and accurate modality to predict isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant glioma may have great potential in routine clinical practice. We aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) for prediction of IDH mutant glioma and provide an optimal cutoff value for 2HG. A systematic literature search of Ovid-MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed to identify original articles investigating the diagnostic performance of 2HG MRS up to March 20, 2018. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were calculated using a bivariate random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to explain heterogeneity effects. An optimal cutoff value for 2HG was calculated from studies providing individual patient data. Fourteen original articles with 460 patients were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for the diagnostic performance of 2HG MRS for prediction of IDH mutant glioma were 95% (95% CI, 85–98%) and 91% (95% CI, 83–96%), respectively. The Higgins I2 statistic demonstrated that heterogeneity was present in the sensitivity (I2 = 50.69%), but not in the specificity (I2 = 30.37%). In the meta-regression, echo time (TE) was associated with study heterogeneity. Among the studies using point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS), a long TE (97 ms) resulted in higher sensitivity (92%) and specificity (97%) than a short TE (30–35 ms; sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 88%; P < 0.01). The optimal 2HG cutoff value of 2HG using individual patient data was 1.76 mM. 2HG MRS demonstrated excellent specificity for prediction of IDH mutant glioma, with TE being associated with heterogeneity in the sensitivity. 1. HG MRS has excellent diagnostic performance in the prediction of IDH mutant glioma. 2. The pooled sensitivity was 95% and the pooled specificity was 91%. 3. Echo time was associated with study heterogeneity in the meta-regression.
Cellular and Molecular Electrophysiology of Atrial Fibrillation Initiation, Maintenance, and Progression
Authors: JordiHeijman, NielsVoigt, StanleyNattel, DobromirDobrev
Journal: Circulation Research (2014)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinically relevant arrhythmia and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The incidence of AF is expected to continue to rise with the aging of the population. AF is generally considered to be a progressive condition, occurring first in a paroxysmal form, then in persistent, and then long-standing persistent (chronic or permanent) forms. However, not all patients go through every phase, and the time spent in each can vary widely. Research over the past decades has identified a multitude of pathophysiological processes contributing to the initiation, maintenance, and progression of AF. However, many aspects of AF pathophysiology remain incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss the cellular and molecular electrophysiology of AF initiation, maintenance, and progression, predominantly based on recent data obtained in human tissue and animal models. The central role of Ca2+-handling abnormalities in both focal ectopic activity and AF substrat...
Interleukin-1β has atheroprotective effects in advanced atherosclerotic lesions of mice
Authors: Delphine Gomez, Richard A. Baylis, Brittany G. Durgin, Alexandra A. C. Newman, Gabriel F. Alencar, Sidney Mahan, Cynthia St. Hilaire, Werner Müller, Ari Waisman, Sheila E. Francis, Emmanuel Pinteaux, Gwendalyn J. Randolph, Hermann Gram, Gary K. Owens
Journal: Nature Medicine (2018)
Abstract 20260: CD4+ T- Lymphocyte Recruitment Into the Failing Heart is Indispensable for the Progression of Adverse Left Ventricular Remodeling
Authors: Shyam S Bansal, Mohamed Ameen Ismahil, Mehak Goel, Bindiya Patel, Hai Zhong, Tariq Hamid, Sumanth D Prabhu
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Inflammation is a hallmark of chronic heart failure (HF). Previously, we showed diffuse helper T-cell (Th) expansion with increased cardiac infiltration of Th2 and Th17 cells, and regulatory T-cell...
Hemodynamic Patterns in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Samuelfinkielman, Manuelworcel, Albertoagrest
Journal: Circulation (1965)

Hemodynamic studies, including cardiac output, arterial blood pressure, run-off index, flow cessation pressure, and blood volume, were performed in 20 normotensive control subjects, 17 labile hypertensive patients and 20 patients with fixed hypertension, 10 of them with a mild elevation of the diastolic pressure and 10 classified as severe because of a diastolic blood pressure above 110 mm. Hg. In labile hypertension cardiac output was elevated, whereas blood volume, peripheral resistance, run-off index and flow cessation pressure were normal when blood pressure was high. This hemodynamic pattern was interpreted as due to an enhanced myocardial contractile energy or a restriction of the capacity vascular bed. In mild fixed hypertension total peripheral resistance and flow cessation pressure were uniformly increased, but cardiac output and run-off index were normal. This pattern may be explained by the influence of flow autoregulation and the barostatic mechanism. In severe fixed hypertension blood volume,...
Efforts to Address Snakebite
Authors: M.J. Friedrich
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Authors: Nitika Sharma, Chipman Robert Geoffrey Stroud, Paul R. Walker, Cynthia R. Cherry, Sulochana Devi Cherukuri, Srikala Addepalli, Teresa Parent, Jessica Hardin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

3061 Background: Immune checkpoint blockade has emerged as an attractive treatment option in a wide spectrum of malignancies. Optimal use of these agents requires prompt recognition and management of immune-mediated toxicities. SIRS with immunotherapy is a result of exponential T-cell proliferation with marked elevation of inflammatory cytokines. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a reliable surrogate for IL-6 expression which mediates toxicity in cytokine release syndrome (CRS) (Lee CW et al. Blood 2014;124:188-195.). CRS has been reported in patients receiving CAR-T therapy or BiTE antibodies but has not been described with agents that modulate CTLA-4 or PD-1. Methods: In this study we prospectively monitored 32 patients with progressive lung cancer who were put on 3 mg/kg nivolumab between June to December 2015 at a single institution. CRP was drawn before each treatment or in case of hospitalization. Results: Twelve patients (37.5%) were hospitalized with signs and symptoms of SIRS with one or more of the following - fever, tachypnea, tachycardia, hypotension, organ failure occurring 1-2 days to weeks after immunotherapy. The mean CRP pre-treatment was found to be 38mg/L (0.1–192mg/L) (normal < 2.6mg/L). The mean CRP in patients who developed symptoms post treatment was 86mg/L (46-144mg/L) compared to 28mg/L (6-71mg/L) in asymptomatic patients. The symptomatic patients were treated with best supportive care, 1-2mg/kg equivalent dose of methylprednisolone. Eight patients were treated with anti- IL-6R monoclonal antibody, tocilizumab at a dose of 4 mg/kg with improvement in inflammatory symptoms and CRP. Conclusions: SIRS is a serious and potentially life threatening complication of immunotherapy particularly noted in patients with lung cancer. Elevations in CRP seem to correlate with symptom severity. Prompt initiation of corticosteroids and IL-6 modulating therapy is critical to optimize the risk/ benefit profile of PD-1 targeted therapy. Symptoms (no. of patients) Mean CRP before anti-PD-1 Mean CRP during SIRS Mean CRP after steroids and anti-IL6 Generalized asthenia (1) 233 60 Pneumonitis (3) 18 158 17 Hypophysitis(2) 17 193 23 Cerebritis, limbic encephalitis(3) 16 127 12 Seizures (1) 148 148 17 Hepatitis (2) 9 105 17
Tumor-targeting core-shell structured nanoparticles for drug procedural controlled release and cancer sonodynamic combined therapy
Authors: Lei Wang, Yujie Hu, Yongwei Hao, Li Li, Cuixia Zheng, Hongjuan Zhao, Mengya Niu, Yanyan Yin, Zhenzhong Zhang, Yun Zhang
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2018)
Effects of Acute Myocardial Ischemia on Intramyocardial Contraction Heterogeneity
Authors: PaoloColonna, RobertaMontisci, LeonardaGaliuto, LuigiMeloni, SabinoIliceto
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background—Subendocardial thickening is greater than subepicardial thickening and acute myocardial ischemia mainly impairs the former. Integrated backscatter cyclic variations (IBScv) reflect regional myocardial contractility and are blunted during myocardial ischemia. We hypothesized that stress-induced myocardial ischemia mainly affects subendocardial IBScv. Methods and Results—Multiplane transesophageal echocardiography and simultaneous atrial pacing were performed in 12 patients without coronary artery disease (CAD) and in 25 with significant CAD. In a transgastric 2-chamber view, we calculated IBScv in subendocardium and subepicardium and a heterogeneity index, both at rest and at peak-pacing. In 27 myocardial segments of patients with normal coronary arteries, and in 16 myocardial segments supplied by coronary artery without significant stenosis in patients with CAD, there was a transmural gradient of IBScv at rest and the heterogeneity index did not change during all the protocol steps. In the 53 m...
Equity in the gender equality movement in global health
Authors: Catherine M Jones, Lara Gautier, Kadidiatou Kadio, Muriel Mac-Seing, Érica Miranda, Charity Omenka, Samiratou Ouédraogo, Myriam Cielo Pérez, Anne-Marie Turcotte-Tremblay, Stella Tiné
Journal: The Lancet (2018)
Travel-related infections in mainland China, 2014–16: an active surveillance study
Authors: Li-Qun Fang, Yu Sun, Guo-Ping Zhao, Li-Juan Liu, Zhe-Jun Jiang, Zheng-Wei Fan, Jing-Xue Wang, Yang Ji, Mai-Juan Ma, Juan Teng, Yan Zhu, Ping Yu, Kai Li, Ying-Jie Tian, Wu-Chun Cao
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2018)
Biallelic loss of human CTNNA2, encoding αN-catenin, leads to ARP2/3 complex overactivity and disordered cortical neuronal migration
Authors: Ashleigh E. Schaffer, Martin W. Breuss, Ahmet Okay Caglayan, Nouriya Al-Sanaa, Hind Y. Al-Abdulwahed, Hande Kaymakçalan, Cahide Yılmaz, Maha S. Zaki, Rasim O. Rosti, Brett Copeland, Seung Tae Baek, Damir Musaev, Eric C. Scott, Tawfeg Ben-Omran, Ariana Kariminejad, Hulya Kayserili, Faezeh Mojahedi, Majdi Kara, Na Cai, Jennifer L. Silhavy, Seham Elsharif, Elif Fenercioglu, Bruce A. Barshop, Bulent Kara, Rengang Wang, Valentina Stanley, Kiely N. James, Rahul Nachnani, Aneesha Kalur, Hisham Megahed, Faruk Incecik, Sumita Danda, Yasemin Alanay, Eissa Faqeih, Gia Melikishvili, Lobna Mansour, Ian Miller, Biayna Sukhudyan, Jamel Chelly, William B. Dobyns, Kaya Bilguvar, Rami Abou Jamra, Murat Gunel, Joseph G. Gleeson
Journal: Nature Genetics (2018)
FDG PET/CT of Cardiac Angiosarcoma With Pulmonary Metastases
Authors: Nir Hod, Aryeh Shalev, Daniel Levin, Reut Anconina, Dina Ezroh Kazap, Sophie Lantsberg
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

We present a case of an adolescent girl with a cardiac mass which was characterized as malignant on FDG PET/CT. In addition, FDG PET/CT revealed multiple hypermetabolic pulmonary lesions. The final diagnosis was primary cardiac angiosarcoma with pulmonary metastases, a rare malignancy especially in female patients at this age group. We emphasize the potential role of FDG PET/CT in patients with a cardiac neoplasm and present a literature review of FDG uptake in benign versus malignant cardiac tumors.
A Database Study of Visual Outcomes and Intraoperative Complications of Postvitrectomy Cataract Surgery
Authors: Mohamed Kamel Soliman, Joshua S. Hardin, Fayez Jawed, Sami H. Uwaydat, Mohammed F. Faramawi, Colin J. Chu, Yit C. Yang, Ahmed B. Sallam
Journal: Ophthalmology (2018)
Impact of Risk Factor Changes in a Population
Authors: Lambert A Wu, Thomas E Kottke, Lee N Brekke, Mark J Brekke
Journal: Circulation (2001)

P39     Background: Risk factor trends in the United States are not  favorable. We determined the potential population impact of risk factor  trends versus achieving Healthy People 2010 goals. Methods: Four  possible risk factor scenarios were defined for the year 2020.  Scenarios were based on current and past risk factor levels and current  national goals: 1) Current risk factor levels in Olmsted County, MN; 2)  Continued rise in diabetes and smoking rates; 3) #2 plus loss of blood  pressure and cholesterol control; 4)Population meets Healthy People  2010 goals. Risk factors were assigned stochastically to the year 2000  Olmsted County, MN population, ages 30-83. Framingham-based risk  functions were then used to calculate cardiovascular (CVD) event rates  under each scenario. Conclusions: If diabetes and smoking continue to  rise, and hypertension and cholesterol rise to historically high  levels, CVD rates could rise as much as 75%. In contrast, meeting  Healthy People 2010 goals would reduce CVD rates by  49%.
Acceleration of Diabetic Wound Regeneration using an In Situ–Formed Stem‐Cell‐Based Skin Substitute
Authors: Yixiao Dong, Melanie Rodrigues, Sun Hyung Kwon, Xiaolin Li, Sigen A, Elizabeth Anne Brett, Nicola Elvassore, Wenxin Wang, Geoffrey C. Gurtner
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2018)

Abstract Chronic diabetic ulcers are a common complication in patients with diabetes, often leading to lower limb amputations and even mortality. Stem cells have shown promise in promoting cutaneous wound healing by modulating inflammation, angiogenesis, and re‐epithelialization. However, more effective delivery and engraftment strategies are needed to prolong transplanted stem cell lifespan and their pro‐healing functions in a chronic wound environment to improve skin regeneration. In this study, an injectable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)–gelatin‐based hydrogel system is examined to create a functional stem cell niche for the delivery of adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) into diabetic wounds. Human ASCs are encapsulated into the in situ crosslinked hydrogels and cultured in a 3D topography. The encapsulated cells are well attached and spread inside the hydrogels, retaining viability, proliferation, and metabolic activity up to three weeks in vitro. Allogeneic ASCs are delivered to diabetic wounds by this hydrogel vehicle. It is found that stem cell retention is significantly improved in vivo with vehicle‐mediated delivery. The ASC‐hydrogel‐based treatment decreases inflammatory cell infiltration, enhances neovascularization, and remarkably accelerates wound closure in diabetic mice. Together, these findings suggest this conveniently‐applicable ASC‐hydrogel‐based skin substitute provides a promising potential for the treatment of chronic diabetic wounds.
Association of Osteoporosis Medication Use After Hip Fracture With Prevention of Subsequent Nonvertebral Fractures
Authors: Rishi J. Desai, Mufaddal Mahesri, Younathan Abdia, Julie Barberio, Angela Tong, Dongmu Zhang, Panagiotis Mavros, Seoyoung C. Kim, Jessica M. Franklin
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2018)

Osteoporosis medication treatment is recommended after hip fracture, yet contemporary estimates of rates of initiation and clinical benefit in the patient population receiving routine care are not well documented.To report osteoporosis treatment initiation rates between January 1, 2004, and September 30, 2015, and to estimate the risk reduction in subsequent nonvertebral fractures associated with treatment initiation in patients with hip fracture.In this cohort study, data from a commercial insurance claims database from the United States were analyzed. Patients 50 years and older who had a hip fracture and were not receiving treatment with osteoporosis medications before their fracture were included.Prescription dispensing of an osteoporosis medication within 180 days of a hip fracture hospitalization.Each initiation episode was matched with 10 nonuse episodes on person-time after the index hip fracture event to preclude immortal time bias and followed up for the outcome of nonvertebral fracture until change in exposure or a censoring event. An instrumental variable analysis using 2-stage residual inclusion method was conducted using calendar year, specialist access, geographical variation in prescribing patterns, and hospital preference.Among 97 169 patients with a hip fracture identified, the mean (SD) age was 80.2 (10.8) years, and 64 164 (66.0%) were women. A continuous decline over the study years was observed in osteoporosis medication initiation rates from 9.8% (95% CI, 9.0%-10.6%) in 2004 to 3.3% (95% CI, 2.9%-3.8%) in 2015. In the effectiveness analyses, the hospital preference instrumental variable had a stronger association with treatment (pseudo R2 = 0.20) than the other 3 instrumental variables (specialist access: pseudo R2 = 0.04; calendar year: pseudo R2 = 0.05; and geographic variation: pseudo R2 = 0.07). Instrumental variable analysis with hospital preference suggested a rate difference of 4.2 events (95% CI, 1.1-7.3) per 100 person-years in subsequent fractures associated with osteoporosis treatment initiation compared with nonuse in an additive hazard model.Low rates of osteoporosis treatment initiation after a hip fracture in recent years were observed. Clinically meaningful reduction in subsequent nonvertebral fracture rates associated with treatment suggests that improving prescriber adherence to guidelines and patient adherence to prescribed regimens may result in notable public health benefit.
Long-term Survival and Excellent Response to Repeated 177Lu–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen 617 Radioligand Therapy in a Patient With Advanced Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wolfgang Roll, Axel Bräuer, Matthias Weckesser, Martin Bögemann, Kambiz Rahbar
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

Radiolabeled ligands targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) are currently being established. Prostate-specific membrane antigen radioligand therapy with Lu-PSMA-617 is a promising treatment in metastasized castration-resistant prostate cancer with high efficacy and safety and seems to prolong progression-free survival and overall survival. We present Ga-PSMA PET/CT images during and after 2 therapy courses, including each 4 cycles of Lu-PSMA-617, and prostate-specific antigen-level history of a 77-year-old heavily pretreated patient with metastasized castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Abstract 3064: Oral cancer stem cells modulate <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> to acquire the capability to induce tumor stemness switch
Authors: Bidisha Pal, Seema Bhuyan, Debabrat Baishya, Bikul Das
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Background: Fusobacterium nucleatum is an oral bacteria that contributes to oral carcinogenesis. Its potential role in oral cancer is not known. Fusobacterium nucleatum (henceforth FN) is a gram-negative anaerobe associated with periodontal diseases and also colon cancer. The bacteria modulates the host cell signaling mechanism including the activation of beta-catenin signaling and p38 pathway. The Fap2 is the outer membrane proteins of FN that inhibit lymphocytes and NK cells. The bacteria also directly binds to NKp46 receptor of NK cells. These properties of FN may be exploited by oral CSCs to defend their own niche as a part of niche-defense mechanism against immune system. Hence, it is not surprising that oral CSCs may hijack this specific oral bacterium to enhance tumor stemness. We speculate that oral CSCs may hijack specific bacteria type present in oral mucosa, and enhance their stemness-inducing mechanisms to switch non-CSCs to CSCs. Methods: We have established an in vitro model of oral cancer cells/FN host/pathogen interaction model. Using this model, we wanted to study potential role of the bacteria in cancer stemness. We also used the saliva of subjects with oral cancer to infect oral cancer stem cells and non-stem cancer cells. Results: When the SCC-25 oral cancer cell line was treated with the saliva of subjects with oral cancer, the EpCAM+/ABCG2+ oral CSCs population was increased and showed the presence of FN. The FN recovered from CSCs exhibited high expression of FadA and Fap2, two surface proteins present in FN that can modulate signaling pathways of host cells. Importantly, FN recovered from the infected CSCs induced stemness in the non-stem cancer cell population of SCC-25, suggesting that CSCs may modulate the pathogen. Indeed, our preliminary observation indicates that FN recovered from the FN strain ATCC 25586 infected SCC-25 ABCG2+ cells showed increased expression of FADA and Fap2 as compared to the parental strain ATCC 25586. Conclusion: Our data suggests that CSCs have the capability to reprogram F. nucleatum genome in order to make the bacteria a potent inducer of tumor stemness in non-stem cancer cells. Citation Format: Bidisha Pal, Seema Bhuyan, Debabrat Baishya, Bikul Das. Oral cancer stem cells modulate Fusobacterium nucleatum to acquire the capability to induce tumor stemness switch [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3064.
Abstract 1564: Detecting low allele frequency somatic mutations using targeted amplicon sequencing and a novel double strand molecular barcoding scheme
Authors: Li Jacey Zhang, Lucie Siu Lee, Yang Lily Liu, Jeff Liu, Tao Chen, Guoying Liu, Zhitong Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Using next generation sequencing (NGS) with a noise reduction mechanism to detect somatic variants of 0.1% minor allele frequency or lower has attracted increasing interest for cancer research and diagnostics. Molecular barcoding is a technology that aims to reduce the noise and errors caused by PCR and sequencing artifacts, and improves mutation detection accuracy. Here, we report a novel multiplex PCR-based, ultra-sensitive molecular barcoding technology that drastically reduces false positive calls, additionally, barcoded sequencing reads can be assigned back to both the forward and reverse strands of the original DNA fragment, thus further remove variant call noise. While providing a simple and fast workflow, this technology does not have the base bias associated with capture hybridization. It achieves an error rate of 4 X 10-7 nucleotides, and detects allele frequencies at 0.1%. Citation Format: Li Jacey Zhang, Lucie Siu Lee, Yang Lily Liu, Jeff Liu, Tao Chen, Guoying Liu, Zhitong Liu. Detecting low allele frequency somatic mutations using targeted amplicon sequencing and a novel double strand molecular barcoding scheme [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1564.