tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Inhalational Chlorine Injuries at Public Aquatic Venues — California, 2008–2015
Authors: Jason A. Wilken, Michele DiMaggio, Matthew Kaufmann, Kevin O’Connor, Svetlana Smorodinsky, Christina Armatas, Tracy Barreau, Richard Kreutzer, Lino Ancheta
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

In June 2015, personnel from California's Contra Costa Health Services Environmental Health and Hazardous Materials (hazmat) divisions were alerted to a possible chemical release at a swimming pool in an outdoor municipal water park. Approximately 50 bathers were in the pool when symptoms began; 34 (68%) experienced vomiting, coughing, or eye irritation. Among these persons, 17 (50%) were treated at the scene by Contra Costa's Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and released, and 17 (50%) were transported to local emergency departments; five patients also were evaluated later at an emergency department or by a primary medical provider. Environmental staff members determined that a chemical controller malfunction had allowed sodium hypochlorite and muriatic acid (hydrochloric acid) solutions to be injected into the main pool recirculation line while the recirculation pump was off; when the main recirculation pump was restarted, toxic chlorine gas (generated by the reaction of concentrated sodium hypochlorite and muriatic acid) was released into the pool. A review of 2008-2015 California pesticide exposure records identified eight additional such instances of toxic chlorine gas releases at public aquatic venues caused by equipment failure or human error that sickened 156 persons. Chemical exposures at public aquatic venues can be prevented by proper handling, storage, and monitoring of pool chemicals; appropriate equipment operation and maintenance; training of pool operators and staff members on pool chemical safety; and reporting of chemical exposures.
Prognostic Value of Coronary CT Angiography With Selective PET Perfusion Imaging in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Teemu Maaniitty, Iida Stenström, Jeroen J. Bax, Valtteri Uusitalo, Heikki Ukkonen, Sami Kajander, Maija Mäki, Antti Saraste, Juhani Knuuti
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2017)
The effects of micronutrient deficiencies on bacterial species from the human gut microbiota
Authors: Matthew C. Hibberd, Meng Wu, Dmitry A. Rodionov, Xiaoqing Li, Jiye Cheng, Nicholas W. Griffin, Michael J. Barratt, Richard J. Giannone, Robert L. Hettich, Andrei L. Osterman, Jeffrey I. Gordon
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2017)

Vitamin and mineral (micronutrient) deficiencies afflict 2 billion people. Although the impact of these imbalances on host biology has been studied extensively, much less is known about their effects on the gut microbiota of developing or adult humans. Therefore, we established a community of cultured, sequenced human gut-derived bacterial species in gnotobiotic mice and fed the animals a defined micronutrient-sufficient diet, followed by a derivative diet devoid of vitamin A, folate, iron, or zinc, followed by return to the sufficient diet. Acute vitamin A deficiency had the largest effect on bacterial community structure and metatranscriptome, with
Breast feeding: the baby friendly initiative
Authors: A. N J Malik, W. A M Cutting
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Breast feeding is unparalleled in providing an infant with ideal nourishment, protection from infections, and much more.1 2 Despite this, there is still a strong culture for bottle feeding in Britain.3 The global baby friendly hospital initiative, known in Britain as the baby friendly initiative, was launched jointly by UNICEF and the World Health Organisation in 1991. The objective was to reverse the negative impact that many maternity hospital practices have on establishing breast feeding. The “ten steps” (see box) are intended as a standard for good practice.4 The “Baby Friendly Initiative Golden Award” is given to hospitals that complete the 10 steps and achieve a 75% rate of breast feeding on discharge, and the British “Baby Friendly Initiative Award” to hospitals that achieve a 50% breast feeding rate on discharge. By December 1996 there were only three baby friendly hospitals in Britain and another 10 that had a certificate of commitment (for achieving steps 1, 7, and 10).

#### The “ten steps” to successful breast feeding

Step 1 . Have a written breast feeding policy that is routinely communicated to all healthcare staff

Step 2 . Train all healthcare staff in the …
International comparison of treatment and outcome in older patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Authors: Martine Extermann, Katja Aben, Kathleen Egan, Anton J.M. de Craen, Cornelis J. H. Van De Velde, Wade Jeffers Sexton, Lodovico Balducci, Gerrit-Jan Liefers, Esther Bastiaannet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e20517 Background: Bladder cancer typically affects older adults; however, the treatment remains challenging. The aim of this study was to compare treatment and survival of older patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) treated at Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa (Florida, US) versus in the Netherlands. Methods: Patients aged 70 years and older diagnosed with MIBC between 2000 and 2012 were identified. Results were stratified according to localized or metastatic disease. Treatments, including neo-adjuvant treatment, cystectomy, lymph node dissection and adjuvant treatment, were compared. Adjusted (age, sex, histology, T-stage, positive nodes, and grade) Overall and Relative Survival (defined as the ratio of observed to expected survival in the matched general population) were compared. Results: Overall, 7505 (Netherlands) and 336 (Moffitt) patients with non-metastatic MIBC and 2404 (Netherlands) versus 109 (Moffitt) patients with metastatic MIBC were included. Patients at Moffitt with non-metastatic disease more often received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (p < 0.001). The proportion of patients who underwent cystectomy was higher at Moffitt: 68.4% versus 26.8%, p < 0.001. Moreover, the proportion of adjuvant chemotherapy was higher at Moffitt: 10.4% versus 0.3%, p < 0.001. For patients with metastatic MIBC, the proportion that received chemotherapy was also higher: 72.7% versus 17.3%; p < 0.001. Overall and Relative survival rates were higher for patients treated at Moffitt. The adjusted RER was 0.73 (95%CI 0.52-1.01; p = 0.06) for non-metastatic MIBC and RER 0.58 (0.42-0.81; p = 0.001) for older patients with metastatic disease. Conclusions: The present results show higher survival rates for non-metastatic MIBC at Moffitt when compared to the Netherlands, likely related to the higher frequency of cystectomy and systemic treatment. Higher survival rates at Moffitt for metastatic MIBC were likely a result of higher proportions of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Further detailed analyses of selection criteria for radical cystectomy and systemic treatment could contribute to optimal treatment for older patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Phase II study of temozolomide as maintenance therapy after disease control of the first-line induction therapy in small cell lung cancer.
Authors: Haitao Tao, Yi Hu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e18557 Background: Some clinical trials have shown that the use of maintenance chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) produces a minor prolongation of survival, however carries a greater risk of cumulative toxicity. Temozolomide has activity in relapsed SCLC and was well tolerated. This phase II study was designed to evaluate the role of temozolomide as maintenance therapy after disease control of the first-line induction therapy in SCLC.NCT 01900951 Methods: Patients with SCLC who had confirmed as disease control after the first-line induction treatment are eligible. Patients received temozolomide at 150 mg/m2/d for 5 days of a 28-day cycle until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The responses were assessed after cycles 1 and every 2 cycles thereafter. Results: 57 patients was screened, 29 patients received maintenance therapy. All patients received at least one cycle of temozolomide (median cycles 7; range, 1–18). 3 patients got further partial response. Median PFS and OS of maintenance therapy were 8.0 months (95% CI 4.5–12.4) and 17.6 months, respectively. Media PFS of the extensive-stage and limited-stage was 6.1 months (95% CI 8.2-14.8 months) and 10.2 months (95% CI 9.4-24.7 months) respectively, but with no Statistical differences. Grade 3/4 toxicities were observed in 6 patients (20.7%), including 2 patients with aminotransferase abnormal. Conclusions: Temozolomide is efficacy and well-tolerated as maintenance chemotherapy in SCLC. The media survival is encouraging. Randomized trials need to be designed to assess the efficacy of temozolomide as maintenance therapy. Clinical trial information: NCT01900951.
Plastic Surgery: Harelip and Cleft Palate
Authors: Bradford Cannon, David Fisher, Henry C. Britton
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1951)

IT IS estimated that congenital clefts of the face occur once in 900 live births. This is the generally accepted factor in an area with a predominantly white population. Davis,1 in Baltimore, reported an incidence in the Negro population half as great as that in the white race (1:1788). In Wisconsin,2 where all congenital anomalies are recorded within thirty days after birth, the reported incidence is 1 in 770 births.¶ On the basis of these figures, it is calculated that approximately 270 babies with harelip or cleft palate or both are born annually in the six New England states. The . . .
One-step endoscopic ultrasound-directed gastro-gastrostomy ERCP for treatment of bile leak
Authors: Ming-ming Xu, Carlos Carames, Aleksey Novikov, Monica Saumoy, Che Afaneh, Michel Kahaleh, Reem Sharaiha
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

A 32-year-old woman with a history of obesity who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in 2005 presented with acute cholecystitis. She underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which was converted to open cholecystectomy owing to significant inflammation and adhesions. On postoperative Day 2, 300 mL of bilious output was noted in the Jackson–Pratt drain, which raised concerns about a bile leak. The gastrointestinal department was consulted for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and management of bile leak.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON THE PRECIPITIN REACTION
Authors: Michael Heidelberger, Forrest E. Kendall
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1934)

1. Antisera to R-salt-azo-benzidine-azo-crystalline egg albumin give precipitates with crystalline egg albumin by virtue of their antidye content. 2. The quantitative course of the reactions with increasing amounts of antigen is very similar for the dye-antidye and egg albumin-anti-egg albumin systems, but differs markedly for the cross reaction between egg albumin and antidye. 3. A possible explanation for the occurrence of this one-sided crossreaction is given in terms of reactive groupings on the antigen and antibody. 4. A qualitative expression of the course of the cross-reaction is given in terms of the laws of classical chemistry.
Abstract P002: Pim-1 Engineering of Human CPCs Increases Their Ability to Repair the Heart After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sadia Mohsin, Mohsin Khan, Haruhiro Toko, Brandi Bailey, Sailay Siddiqi, Kimberlee Fischer, Natalie Gude, Silvia Truffa, Mark A Sussman
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Rationale: The efficiency of adoptively transferred human cardiac stem cells to repair damaged myocardium is extremely limited. There is an urgent need to improve the potency of human stem cells to engraft, proliferate and differentiate into cardiac phenotypes before launching them as viable therapeutic tool in clinics. Objective: Demonstrate that Pim-1 engineering of human cardiac stem cells (hCPCs) can improve their long term persistence in the damaged myocardium associated with significant augmentation of cardiac function. Methods and Results: hCPCs positive for the putative stem cell marker c-kit were isolated from heart biopsy samples from patients undergoing Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) implantation. hCPCs were engineered to express Pim-1-GFP, a fused GFP version of the kinase by using a lentivirus expression system. Pim-1 engineering of hCPCs significantly increased their viability, proliferation and metabolic activity. Conversely, treatment with a Pim-1 specific inhibitor quercetagetin completely abrogated the observed proliferative response. Pim-1 engineered hCPCs were transplanted in immunocompromised mice with myocardial infarction to evaluate functional competency of the cells. Animals receiving Pim-1 CPCs showed increased hemodynamic performance as evidenced by dp/dt, LVEDP and LVDP measurements 10 weeks after transplantation. Cardiac function demonstrated sustained improvement even after 20 weeks of transplantation in Pim-1 CPC transplanted animals compared to control cell transplanted group. Concurrent with enhanced cardiac function, animals having Pim-1 CPCs demonstrated increased cellular engraftment, persistence and proliferation of human CPCs. In particular, a greater number of c-kit+ cells, improved vasculature and reduced infarct size were observed. Conclusion: Genetic engineering of human CPCs with Pim-1 enhances their ability to repair damaged myocardium. Ex vivo gene delivery to enhance survival, proliferation and regeneration in damaged myocardium has emerged as a viable option addressing current limitations associated with stem cell therapy.
Correction: Self-reactive VH4-34–expressing IgG B cells recognize commensal bacteria
Authors: Jean-Nicolas Schickel, Salomé Glauzy, Yen-Shing Ng, Nicolas Chamberlain, Christopher Massad, Isabelle Isnardi, Nathan Katz, Gulbu Uzel, Steven M. Holland, Capucine Picard, Anne Puel, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Eric Meffre
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2017)

Vol. 214, No. 7, July, 2017. [https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20160201][1]

JEM regrets that in the original online version of this paper, the sequences in [Fig. 4][2] A appeared incorrectly as the result of a production error.

The corrected [Fig. 4][2] appears below. All versions of this article have
The importance of being explicit
Authors: Martin Daly, D. B. Krupp
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract Van Lange et al. propose that climate affects violence via its effects on life history. That much is reasonable (and not novel), but their theory lacks causal specificity. Their foundational claim of an association between heat and violence is not well documented, and several findings that the authors themselves cite seem inconsistent with their model, rather than supportive.
Transduction of Malignant Plasma Cells with Three Costimulatory Molecules (TRICOM) Elicits Myeloma-Specific Immune Response in Vitro – a Promising Strategy for Immunotherapy
Authors: Katarina Luptakova, Heidi Mills, Jacalyn Rosenblatt, Dina Stroopinsky, Turner Kufe, Baldev Vasir, Jon E. Arnason, Dimitrios Tzachanis, Robin Joyce, James D. Levine, Donald Kufe, David Avigan
Journal: Blood (2012)
Carnitine metabolism in patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: S. Krähenbühl, J. Reichen
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Carnitine metabolism was studied in 79 patients with chronic liver disease, including 22 patients with noncirrhotic liver disease and 57 patients with different types of cirrhosis (22 patients with hepatitis B– or C–associated cirrhosis, 15 patients with alcohol–induced cirrhosis, 15 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis [PBC], and 5 patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis), and compared with 28 control subjects. In comparison with control subjects, patients with noncirrhotic liver disease showed no change in the plasma carnitine pool, whereas patients with cirrhosis had a 29% increase in the long–chain acylcarnitine concentration. Analysis of subgroups of patients with cirrhosis showed that patients with alcohol–induced cirrhosis had an increase in the total plasma carnitine concentration (67.8 ± 29.5 vs. 55.2 ± 9.9 μmol/L in control subjects), resulting from increases in both the short–chain and long–chain acylcarnitine concentration. In this group of patients, the acylcarnitine concentrations showed a close correlation with the total carnitine concentration, and the total carnitine concentration with the serum bilirubin concentration. Urinary excretion of carnitine was not different between patients with noncirrhotic or cirrhotic liver disease and control patients. However, patients with PBC showed an increased urinary excretion of total carnitine (52.5 ± 40.0 vs. 28.0 ± 16.7 micromol carnitine/μmol creatinine), resulting from an increase in the fractional excretion of both free carnitine and short–chain acylcarnitine. The current studies show that patients with cirrhosis are normally not carnitine deficient. Patients with alcohol–induced cirrhosis have increased plasma carnitine concentrations, which may result from increased carnitine biosynthesis because of increased skeletal muscle protein turnover. The increase in the fractional carnitine excretion in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis may result from competition of bile acids and/or bilirubin with tubular carnitine reabsorption and/or from a reduced activity of the carnitine transporter located in the proximal tubule.
Comparative study of safety and efficacy of imatinib mesylate therapy in pediatric and adult chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: N. Raizada, T. Sagar, S. Ramanan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

20016 Background: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is one of the rare pediatric cancers. Imatinib is now the standard of care in adult CML (ACML) with newer compounds being investigated to overcome the burden of Imatinib resistance. Pediatric CML (PCML) has been an area little explored and effective strategies are not yet defined. Although, allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) still remains the gold-standard treatment, the choice of drug in the subset in which HSCT is not a suitable option remains to be determined. Methods: This was a single-institution prospective study conducted from April 2004-March 2006, analyzing and comparing 293 Philadelphia chromosome (PH) positive CML patients in pediatric and adolescent subsets (i.e. age =18 years) not eligible for allogenic HSCT with ACML. After obtaining a written informed consent, a starting dose of 400 mg/m 2 /d Imatinib mesylate was administered in adults, whereas in pediatric and adolescents it was 400 mg/m 2 /d if the body surface area (BSA) was &lt;1 m 2 , or 400 mg/d if BSA was &gt;1m 2 . Results: 27 patients were in the age group =18 years; male to female ratio was 1.07:1. Gender ratio in 266 ACML patients showed a male preponderance (2.5:1). The mean age in ACML was 37.4 years. In pediatric subsets, a trend toward CML in adolescents was observed with mean age 14.85 years. Majority of the patients were in chronic phase (81.5% PCML and 85.7% ACML) with overall 93% patients receiving prior hydroxyurea as a cytoreductive agent. An unusual finding was higher incidence of Hypodiploidy (significance undetermined) and 5 patients had double PH. 80.1% ACML patients achieved complete hematological response, but it was significantly lower (59.3%) in PCML. 39.5% ACML achieved major cytogenetic response which was less than most published western data. Hematologic and non-hematologic toxicities (GI, dermatological etc) were found to be higher in ACML. Low toxicities in PCML were attributed to good tolerance to Imatinib therapy; however a higher dropout rate in pediatric subsets was possibly due to poor social and parental support. Conclusion: We conclude that imatinib mesylate is both safe and efficacious drug for ACML, however further research is warranted in pediatric and adolescent population to establish its efficacy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Update of a Phase I/II Trial of 5-Azacytidine Prior to Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin (GO) for Patients with Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Correlative Biomarker Studies
Authors: Edward D. Ball, Bruno C. Medeiros, Larissa Balaian, Tracy Roque, Sue Corringham, Richa Rajwanshi, Steven Coutre, Jason R Gotlib, Asad Bashey, Karen Messer
Journal: Blood (2010)
Cardiac rehabilitation programs. A statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association.
Authors: Gary Balady, Barbara Fletcher, Erika Froelicher, ; Hartley, Ronald Krauss, Albert Oberman, Michael Pollock, ; Taylor
Journal: Circulation (1994)

M ore than one of every five persons in the UnitedStates has cardiovascular disease.Despite the declining mortality rate due to cardiovascular illness observed since 1950,43% of all deaths are currently attributed to cardiovascular causes.Mortality among the 1.5 million persons who have a myocardial infarction (MI) accounts for more than 485 000 deaths annually.The morbidity and subsequent disability incurred from coro- nary artery disease (CAD) alone have far-reaching med- ical and socioeconomic implications.The nearly 468 000 coronary revascularization procedures performed each year, together with the associated hospital stays, medica- tions, medical personnel, and health care facility charges, will result in an estimated cost in 1994 of more than $56 billion for CAD.' Remarkably, more than 14% of this cost is due to lost productivity from temporary or permanent disability.' Continued major efforts in primary prevention are critical to reduce overall incidence of CAD.Nonetheless, continued advances in medical and surgical tech- niques combined with effective and focused programs in cardiac rehabilitation are needed to manage the burgeoning manifestations and consequences of overt CAD.Cardiac rehabilitation combines prescriptive exercise training with coronary risk factor modification in pa- tients with established heart disease.The goals of cardiac rehabilitation are to improve functional capac- ity, alleviate or lessen activity-related symptoms, reduce disability,2 and identify and modify coronary risk fac- tors in an attempt to reduce subsequent morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular illness.The ultimate goal of cardiac rehabilitation is to restore and maintain an individual's optimal physiological, psychological, so- cial, and vocational status.2Cardiac rehabilitation and efforts targeted at exercise, lipid management, hyper- tension control, and smoking cessation can reduce car- diovascular mortality,3'4 improve functional capacity,5-16 attenuate myocardial ischemia,17-'9 retard the progres- sion and foster the reversal of coronary atherosclero-"Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs" was approved by the Sci- ence