tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Access to Treatment for Hepatitis B Virus Infection — Worldwide, 2016
Authors: Yvan Hutin, Muazzam Nasrullah, Philippa Easterbrook, Boniface Dongmo Nguimfack, Esteban Burrone, Francisco Averhoff, Marc Bulterys
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

Worldwide, an estimated 257 million persons are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (1). To achieve the World Health Organization (WHO) goals for elimination of HBV infection worldwide by 2030, defined by WHO as 90% reduction in incidence and 65% reduction in mortality, access to treatment will be crucial. WHO estimated the care cascade* for HBV infection, globally and by WHO Region. The patent and licensing status of entecavir and tenofovir, two WHO-recommended medicines for HBV treatment, were examined using the Medicines Patent Pool MedsPaL† database. The international price of tenofovir was estimated using WHO's global price reporting mechanism (GPRM), and for entecavir from a published study (2). In 2016, among the estimated 257 million persons infected with HBV worldwide, approximately 27 million (10.5%) were aware of their infection, an estimated 4.5 million (16.7%) of whom were on treatment. In 2017, all low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) could legally procure generic entecavir, and all but two LMICs could legally procure generic tenofovir. The median price of WHO-prequalified generic tenofovir on the international market fell from $208 per year in 2004 to $32 per year in 2016. In 2015, the lowest reported price of entecavir was $427 per year of treatment (2). Increased availability of generic antivirals effective in treating chronic HBV infection has likely improved access to treatment. Taking advantage of reductions in price of antivirals active against HBV infection could further increase access to treatment. Regular analysis of the hepatitis B treatment care cascade can assist in monitoring progress toward HBV elimination goals.
Bedside BNP as a marker of overhydration in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Jan Melin, Magnus Lindberg, Jenny Stenberg, Furuland Hans
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2017)

BackgroundManagement of hydration status in dialysis patients is a great challenge to nephrologists, and new tools to understand the hydration status (HS) are needed. The aim of this study was to i ...
Ganglioside GD3 synthase (GD3S), a novel cancer drug target
Authors: Jinyi Liu, Xiangjin Zheng, Xiaocong Pang, Li Li, Jinhua Wang, Cui Yang, Guanhua Du
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2018)

Gangliosides are a class of important glycosphingolipids containing sialic acid that are widely distributed on the outer surface of cells and are abundantly distributed in brain tissue. Disialoganglioside with three glycosyl groups (GD3) and disialoganglioside with two glycosyl groups (GD2) are markedly increased in pathological conditions such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. GD3 and GD2 were found to play important roles in cancers by mediating cell proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion, angiogenesis and in preventing immunosuppression of tumors. GD3 synthase (GD3S) is the regulatory enzyme of GD3 and GD2 synthesis, and is important in tumorigenesis and the development of cancers. The study of GD3S as a drug target may be of great significance for the discovery of new drugs for cancer treatment. This review will describe the gangliosides and their roles in physiological and pathological conditions; the roles of GD3 and GD2 in cancers; the expression, functions and mechanisms of GD3S, and its potential as a drug target in cancers.
Abstract 14361: Gene Expression Profiling for the Identification and Classification of Antibody-mediated Heart Rejection
Authors: Maud Racapé, Alexandre Loupy, Xavier Jouven
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction:  Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) of heart transplants is a major determinant of allograft loss. Improving our understanding of the pathophysiology, disease activity and disease stage in heart AMR is an unmet need.   Hypothesis:  Gene expression assessments may complement the current gold standard represented by histopathology.   Methods:  We prospectively monitored 617 heart transplant recipients referred from four French heart transplant centers for AMR. We compared patients with AMR to a matched control group of patients without AMR. We characterized all patients using histopathology (ISHLT 2013), immunostaining, circulating anti-HLA DSA and gene expression at the time of biopsy. The principal effector cells were also evaluated by  in vitro  human cell cultures. We studied an additional external validation cohort of heart recipients transplanted in Edmonton, Alberta Canada.   Results:  We included 208 heart transplant patients (110 in the test cohort 98 in the validation cohort) with 240 biopsies (98 pAMR ISHLT cases and 142 controls). The AMR selective gene sets discriminated patients with AMR from those without and included NK transcripts (AUC=0.87) (and selective changes in CD16A signaling and IFNG-inducible genes), endothelial activation transcripts (AUC=0.80), macrophage transcripts (AUC=0.86) and transcripts involved in the IFNG response (AUC=0.84, p   Conclusions:  Antibody-mediated heart rejection is mainly driven by the NK burden, endothelial activation, macrophage burden and IFNG effects. Molecular intragraft measurements for these specific pathogenesis-based transcripts classify AMR with great accuracy, reclassify pAMR1 cases, and correlate with the degree of injury and disease activity.
Addressing Survivorship in Cancer Care
Authors: James McCanney, Katy Winckworth-Prejsnar, Alyssa A. Schatz, Elizabeth A. Nardi, Andrea J. Dwyer, Christopher Lieu, Yelak Biru, Robert W. Carlson
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2018)

As a disease, cancer can affect an individual's well-being, from physical to psychological, social, and even spiritual wellness. The cancer survivor population must navigate a complex, constantly evolving field, with the assistance of their care team, to conquer the disease. To address the unmet needs of the cancer survivorship community, NCCN conducted an environmental scan of existing and emerging aspects of survivorship cancer care through stakeholder meetings with survivors and patient advocacy groups to discuss needs, opportunities, and challenges in providing high-quality, patient-centered cancer survivorship care. The findings of this environmental scan directly informed the corresponding NCCN Patient Advocacy Summit: Addressing Survivorship in Cancer Care, held in Washington, DC, on December 1, 2017. In addition to the many patient advocacy groups, the summit featured stakeholders from all relevant areas of survivorship care. This article encapsulates the findings of the thorough environmental scan and the discussion from the NCCN Patient Advocacy Summit, including identified gaps and needs in addressing survivorship in cancer care.
Plasma angiopoietin-2 as a potential causal marker in sepsis-associated ARDS development: evidence from Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis
Authors: John P. Reilly, Fan Wang, Tiffanie K. Jones, Jessica A. Palakshappa, Brian J. Anderson, Michael G. S. Shashaty, Thomas G. Dunn, Erik D. Johansson, Thomas R. Riley, Brian Lim, Jason Abbott, Caroline A. G. Ittner, Edward Cantu, Xihong Lin, Carmen Mikacenic, Mark M. Wurfel, David C. Christiani, Carolyn S. Calfee, Michael A. Matthay, Jason D. Christie, Rui Feng, Nuala J. Meyer
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2018)
Mind, body and medicine: the illusion of separation
Authors: Philip Glasgow, Stephen Mutch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2018)

There is in the human mind a sufficiently strong propensity not only to make divisions in knowledge where there are none in nature, and then to impose the divisions on nature, making the reality thus comfortable to the idea, but to go further, and to convert the generalisations made from observations into positive entities, permitting for the future these artificial creations to tyrannise over the understanding.
Ibrutinib Monotherapy in Symptomatic, Treatment-Naïve Patients With Waldenström Macroglobulinemia
Authors: Steven P. Treon, Joshua Gustine, Kirsten Meid, Guang Yang, Lian Xu, Xia Liu, Maria Demos, Amanda Kofides, Nicholas Tsakmaklis, Jiaji G. Chen, Manit Munshi, Gloria Chan, Toni Dubeau, Noopur Raje, Andrew Yee, Elizabeth O’Donnell, Zachary R. Hunter, Jorge J. Castillo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

Purpose Ibrutinib is active in previously treated Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). MYD88 mutations ( MYD88MUT) and CXCR4 mutations ( CXCR4MUT) affect ibrutinib response. We report on a prospective study of ibrutinib monotherapy in symptomatic, untreated patients with WM, and the effect of CXCR4MUT status on outcome. Patients and Methods Symptomatic, treatment-naïve patients with WM were eligible. Ibrutinib (420 mg) was administered daily until progression or unacceptable toxicity. All tumors were genotyped for MYD88MUT and CXCR4MUT. Results A total of 30 patients with WM received ibrutinib. All carried MYD88MUT, and 14 (47%) carried a CXCR4MUT. After ibrutinib treatment, median serum IgM levels declined from 4,370 to 1,513 mg/dL, bone marrow involvement declined from 65% to 20%, and hemoglobin level rose from 10.3 to 13.9 g/dL ( P < .001 for all comparisons). Overall (minor or more than minor) and major (partial or greater than partial) responses for all patients were 100% and 83%, respectively. Rates of major (94% v 71%) and very good partial (31 v 7%) responses were higher and time to major responses more rapid (1.8 v 7.3 months; P = 0.01) in patients with wild-type CXCR4 versus those with CXCR4MUT, respectively. With a median follow-up of 14.6 months, disease in two patients (both with CXCR4MUT) progressed. The 18-month, estimated progression-free survival is 92% (95% CI, 73% to 98%). All patients are alive. Grade 2/3 treatment-related toxicities in > 5% of patients included arthralgia (7%), bruising (7%), neutropenia (7%), upper respiratory tract infection (7%), urinary tract infection (7%), atrial fibrillation (10%), and hypertension (13%). There were no grade 4 or unexpected toxicities. Conclusion Ibrutinib is highly active, produces durable responses, and is safe as primary therapy in patients with symptomatic WM. CXCR4MUT status affects responses to ibrutinib.
Framework and strategy for integrated monitoring and evaluation of child health programmes for responsive programming, accountability, and impact
Authors: Theresa Diaz, Kumanan Rasanathan, Emmanuel Meribole, Isabella Maina, Humphreys Nsona, Kyaw Myint Aung, Bennett Nemser, Kathryn Patricia O’Neill
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Strategic review of child healthFramework and strategy for integrated monitoring and evaluation of child health programmes for responsive programming, accountability, and impact Stronger governance and leadership is needed to implement and maintain integrated reporting systems, say
Age, race/ethnicity, and the ER/PR/HER2 subtypes in breast cancer.
Authors: Carol Parise, Vincent Caggiano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

1582 Background: The association of age and ER/PR/HER2 subtype in African-American (AA) and Hispanic women with breast cancer has been reported. This study examines the association of age and subtype among 12 self-reported race/ethnicity categories. Methods: Using the California Cancer Registry 2000-2010, we examined 136,175 cases of first primary female invasive breast cancer. Race/ethnicity was stratified into 12 categories. The distribution of age and race/ethnicity among the 8 ER/PR/HER2 subtypes was examined. Age was stratified into &lt;40, 40-69, and 70+ years. For each age strata, odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed to assess the association of race/ethnicity with ER-/PR-/HER2+, ER-/PR-/HER2- (TN), and ER+/PR+/HER2+ (TP) when compared with the ER+/PR+/HER2- subtype. Results: The % of each race was: White 66.8; AA 6.0; Hispanic 15.9; Pacific Islander (PI) 0.3; Southeast Asian (SEA) 2.5; Indian Continent (IC) 0.7; American Indian; 0.2; Chinese 2.5; Japanese 1.2; Filipino 3.1; Korean 0.7; Hispanic/non-white 0.3. All AA women had increased ORs of the ER-/PR-/HER2+, TN and TP. Hispanic women mimicked the AA population except for young women with TP. Chinese (OR=0.53; 95%CI=0.37-0.76) Japanese (OR=0.51; 95%CI=0.28-0.96), and Filipino (OR=0.45; 95%CI=0.31-0.67) women &lt;40 were less likely to have TN subtype. For women 40-69, SEA, Chinese, Filipino, and Korean women had increased ORs for TP, and ER-/PR-/HER2+. The Japanese had increased ORs for the TP (OR=1.23; 95%CI=1.00-1.49) but decreased odds for the TN (OR=0.72; 95%CI=0.57-0.90). IC women had increased odds for the TN (OR=1.38; 95%CI=1.10-1.72). Korean women 70+ were more likely to have the TP and ER-/PR-/HER2+. SEA had increased ORs for ER-/PR-/HER2+ and TN, IC only had increased ORs for TN (OR=2.03; 95%CI=1.26-3.27). Chinese and Filipino women only had increased ORs for the ER-/PR-/HER2+. Conclusions: AA and Hispanic women of all ages are at increased risk of the TN, and ER-/PR-/HER2+ subtypes. AA women of all ages and Hispanic women over age 40 are at increased risk of the TP subtype. The diversity of Asian women with regard to breast cancer necessitates accurately defining this population.
Quality and Quantity of Sleep and Factors Associated With Sleep Disturbance in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Hilde M. Wesselius, Eva S. van den Ende, Jelmer Alsma, Jan C. ter Maaten, Stephanie C. E. Schuit, Patricia M. Stassen, Oscar J. de Vries, Karin H. A. H. Kaasjager, Harm R. Haak, Frederiek F. van Doormaal, Jacobien J. Hoogerwerf, Caroline B. Terwee, Peter M. van de Ven, Frank H. Bosch, Eus J. W. van Someren, Prabath W. B. Nanayakkara
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

Although inadequate sleep has a proven negative association with health care outcomes, to date, no large-scale studies have examined sleep in general hospital wards.To assess the subjective quantity and quality of sleep and to identify the hospital-related factors associated with sleep disturbances in hospitalized patients.For this nationwide, single-day, multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study, which took place on February 22, 2017, all hospitals in the Netherlands were encouraged by word of mouth and conventional and social media to participate in this study. A total of 39 hospitals participated. Included patients were at least 18 years of age, were able to give informed consent, and had spent at least 1 night in a regular-care hospital ward.Hospitalization in a regular-care ward.Quantity and quality of last night's sleep in the hospital compared with habitual sleep at home the month before hospitalization. The Consensus Sleep Diary and the Dutch-Flemish Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Sleep Disturbance item bank were used. Complementary questions assessed sleep-disturbing factors.A total of 2005 patients were included (median age, 68 years; interquartile range, 57-77 years; 994 of 1935 [51.4%] were male [70 patients did not identify their sex]). Compared with habitual sleep at home, the total sleep time in the hospital was 83 minutes (95% CI, 75-92 minutes; P < .001) shorter. The mean number of nocturnal awakenings was 2.0 (95% CI, 1.9-2.1) times at home vs 3.3 (95% CI, 3.2-3.5) times during hospitalization (P < .001). Patients woke up 44 minutes (95% CI, 44-45 minutes; P < .001) earlier than their habitual wake-up time at home. A total of 1344 patients (70.4%) reported having been awakened by external causes, which in 718 (35.8%) concerned hospital staff. All aspects of sleep quality measured using PROMIS questions were rated worse during hospitalization than at home. The most reported sleep-disturbing factors were noise of other patients, medical devices, pain, and toilet visits.This study demonstrated that the duration and quality of sleep in hospitalized patients were significantly affected and revealed many potentially modifiable hospital-related factors negatively associated with sleep. Raising awareness about the importance of adequate sleep in the vulnerable hospital population and introducing interventions to target sleep-disturbing factors may improve healing.
Reward System Abnormalities in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Joanna E. Steinglass, Karin Foerde
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
99mTc Sodium Pertechnetate Uptake in Ectopic Mediastinal Thyroid Tissue on Hybrid Thyroid Scintigraphy
Authors: Maimoona Siddique, Humayun Bashir
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

Abstract Ectopic thyroid is a rare/incidental imaging finding. When discovered, 90% of ectopic thyroid is found typically along the pathway of embryologic migration of thyroid tissue, whereas around 10% have been discovered in other anatomical locations including the mediastinum and the heart. Thyroid scintigraphy with 99m Tc sodium pertechnetate (TcO 4 ) is peculiar for thyroid tissue uptake. The current case, clinically euthyroid, had heterogeneous uptake in multinodular goiter with uptake in the ectopic thyroid tissue in right paratracheal location on functional imaging with TcO 4 . Subsequent single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging confirmed the ectopic thyroid tissue.
Clinicopathological and molecular parameters of lung adenocarcinomas (ADC) associated with programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein expression.
Authors: Tiffany Huynh, Vicente Morales Oyarvide, Hironori Uruga, Emine Bozkurtlar, Justin F. Gainor, Aaron N. Hata, Eugene J Mark, Michael Lanuti, Jeffrey A. Engelman, Mari Mino-Kenudson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

7555 Background: Recent efforts in targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in solid tumors have resulted in durable responses in early phase clinical trials. Additionally, it has been reported that PD-L1 overexpression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) could serve as a predictor of patient response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. However, the association of clinicopathological and molecular features with PD-L1 expression in ADC is not well-defined. Methods: PD-L1 (E1L3N, Cell Signaling Technology) and CD8 IHC were performed on tissue microarrays of 242 resected ADC that underwent detailed histological analysis. Clinical molecular testing had been performed in a subset (n = 128). Membranous expression of PD-L1 (any intensity) in 5% or more tumor cells was defined as positive. CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were evaluated using a 4-tier grading system (0-3). PD-L1 expression was correlated with clinicopathological and molecular features as well as prognosis. Results: Pathologic stage was 0 in 1, I in 188, II in 37, III in 9, and IV in 7. Of the 242 cases, 38 (15.7%) exhibited PD-L1 expression which was significantly associated with smoking history (p = 0.008), large tumor size (p = 0.007), solid or acinar predominant pattern (p < 0.001), high nuclear grade (grade 3, p < 0.001), vascular invasion (p = 0.012), increased CD8+ TILs (grade 2-3, p < 0.001), and KRAS mutations (p = 0.001). By multivariate analysis high nuclear grade (p = 0.011), KRASmutations (p = 0.004), and increased CD8+ TILs (p = 0.005) remained significant. In addition, advanced stage (II or higher vs. I, p = 0.056) had a borderline significance of PD-L1 expression. There was no difference in 5 year progression-free survival (PFS) for PD-L1 positive (65%) and negative (69%) patients, while advanced stage correlated with shorter PFS (p = 0.039) in a cox proportional-hazards regression model. Conclusions: PD-L1 overexpression is significantly associated with increased CD8+ TILs and KRAS mutations in resected ADC. The latter suggests that targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway may be a viable treatment option for patients with KRAS mutated ADC in which there are currently no effective targeted therapies available.
Quantification of Myotrophin From Spontaneously Hypertensive and Normal Rat Hearts
Authors: ParamesSil, DebabrataMukherjee, SubhaSen
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract A novel peptide, myotrophin, has been isolated, purified, cloned, and sequenced from the hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and from dilated cardiomyopathic human heart tissue. Myotrophin accelerates myocyte growth by stimulating protein synthesis (not by altering myocardial cell division). Our successive studies were conducted to evaluate the pathophysiological significance of myotrophin; a solid-phase radioimmunoassay technique was developed for quantifying the protein in hypertrophied and normal hearts. Specific antipeptide antibody was raised in rabbits against a peptide that represents a selected amino acid sequence of a 17–amino acid myotrophin segment by using the multiple antigenic peptide technique. The specificity of the antibody was evaluated by determining the affinity constant after constructing the Scatchard plot obtained from the ratio of bound to free myotrophin against bound myotrophin. The value obtained was 2.61×107 L/mol. The specificity was further demonstrated b...