tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The FVF framework and target prevalence effects
Authors: Tamaryn Menneer, Hayward J Godwin, Simon P Liversedge, Anne P Hillstrom, Valerie Benson, Erik D Reichle, Nick Donnelly
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract The Functional Visual Field (FVF) offers explanatory power. To us, it relates to existing literature on the flexibility of attentional focus in visual search and reading (Eriksen &amp; St. James 1986; McConkie &amp; Rayner 1975). The target article promotes reflection on existing findings. Here we consider the FVF as a mechanism in the Prevalence Effect (PE) in visual search.
LGG-02. BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND BIOLOGICAL FUNCTION OF MYXOID MATRIX IN OPTIC GLIOMAS
Authors: Matija Snuderl, Guoan Zhang, Pamela Wu, Tara Jennings, Seema Shroff, Valerio Ortenzi, Rajan Jain, Benjamin Cohen, Jason Reidy, Mitchell Dushay, Jeffrey Wisoff, David Harter, Matthias Karajannis, David Fenyo, Thomas Neubert, David Zagzag
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

PURPOSE: Optic gliomas are brain tumors characterized by slow growth, progressive loss of vision and limited therapeutic options. Optic gliomas contain various amount of myxoid matrix, which can represent majority of the tumor mass. We sought to investigate biological function and protein structure of the myxoid matrix in optic gliomas to identify novel therapeutic targets. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We reviewed histological features of 120 optic gliomas, clinical imaging properties of 10 optic gliomas, analyzed vasculature by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy of 12 optic gliomas and performed Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry on 10 snap-frozen age-, sex- and BRAF status- matched Nf1 wild-type optic gliomas, which varied in the amount of myxoid matrix. RESULTS: Optic gliomas contain varying amounts of myxoid matrix and are indistinguishable on imaging. Microvascular network of pilomyxoid astrocytoma, a subtype of optic glioma with abundant myxoid matrix, is characterized by the presence of endothelium-free channels in the myxoid matrix. Channels are connected to the main vascular network, show normal perfusion and lack thrombosis, likely due to extravasation of fibrin. The myxoid matrix is composed predominantly of the proteoglycan versican (VCAN) and its linking protein, a vertebrate Hyaluronan And Proteoglycan Link Protein 1 (HAPLN1). These proteins may limit effective delivery of chemotherapy to the tumor. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric optic pathway gliomas maintain blood supply without endothelial cells by using invertebrate-like channels, which we termed “primitive myxoid vascularization.” Channels are formed within myxoid matrix, which lacks endothelium and absorbs fibrin. Targeting the optic glioma matrix enzymatically, similar to storage disorders, may decrease the tumor mass directly, as well as provide improved access of chemotherapy and molecularly targeted therapy to the tumor cells, providing increased treatment efficacy.
Stem Cell Pathology
Authors: Dah-Jiun Fu, Andrew D. Miller, Teresa L. Southard, Andrea Flesken-Nikitin, Lora H. Ellenson, Alexander Yu. Nikitin
Journal: Annual Review of Pathology Mechanisms of Disease (2017)

Rapid advances in stem cell biology and regenerative medicine have opened new opportunities for better understanding disease pathogenesis and the development of new diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment approaches. Many stem cell niches are well defined anatomically, thereby allowing their routine pathological evaluation during disease initiation and progression. Evaluation of the consequences of genetic manipulations in stem cells and investigation of the roles of stem cells in regenerative medicine and pathogenesis of various diseases such as cancer require significant expertise in pathology for accurate interpretation of novel findings. Therefore, there is an urgent need for developing stem cell pathology as a discipline to facilitate stem cell research and regenerative medicine. This review provides examples of anatomically defined niches suitable for evaluation by diagnostic pathologists, describes neoplastic lesions associated with them, and discusses further directions of stem cell pathology.
T-cell expression of AhR inhibits the maintenance of pTreg cells in the gastrointestinal tract in acute GVHD
Authors: Trisha A. Dant, Kaifeng L. Lin, Danny W. Bruce, Stephanie A. Montgomery, Oleg V. Kolupaev, Hemamalini Bommiasamy, Lisa M. Bixby, John T. Woosley, Karen P. McKinnon, Frank J. Gonzalez, Bruce R. Blazar, Benjamin G. Vincent, James M. Coghill, Jonathan S. Serody
Journal: Blood (2017)
MicroRNAs as future therapeutic targets in COPD?
Authors: Ken R. Bracke, Pieter Mestdagh
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2017)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a major cause of chronic morbidity and mortality, affecting more than 200 million people worldwide and leading to approximately 3 million deaths each year. COPD is mainly caused by cigarette smoking and is characterised by a chronic inflammation leading to obstruction of the small airways and destruction of lung parenchyma (emphysema). Therapies that slow down the accelerated decline in lung function in patients with COPD are still lacking. Therefore, it is essential to unravel the mechanistic processes that underlie the inflammatory reaction and subsequent structural changes in COPD [1]. What obstacles need to be negotiated before microRNA-based therapeutics can be used in COPD? <http://ow.ly/fM4n30aD4BX>
Minocycline in Multiple Sclerosis — Compelling Results but Too Early to Tell
Authors: Zongqi Xia, Robert M. Friedlander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

Care for persons with multiple sclerosis has evolved as options for disease-modifying treatments have expanded. The high cost of current treatments1 has stimulated interest in repurposing existing, lower-cost drugs as new therapies for multiple sclerosis. One appealing candidate is minocycline, a relatively safe and inexpensive synthetic tetracycline that crosses the blood–brain barrier.2 Minocycline has antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic properties beyond its antibiotic activity. As an antiinflammatory agent, minocycline inhibits reactive microgliosis, production of interleukin-1β, up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, and activation of CD4+ T cells.35 As an antiapoptotic agent, the drug impedes cellular stress–mediated release of caspase-dependent and caspase-independent . . .
A Novel Bcma-Specific, Centyrin-Based CAR-T Product for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: David L. Hermanson, Burton Earle Barnett, Srinivas Rengarajan, Rebecca Codde, Xinxin Wang, Yening Tan, Christopher E. Martin, Jenessa Barbara Smith, Jin He, Rohit Mathur, Jing Yan, Sattva S. Neelapu, Eric M. Osertag, Devon J. Shedlock
Journal: Blood (2016)
TRTH-27. A UK STUDY OF BLINDNESS CERTIFICATION RATES (2007–2011) IN YOUNG PEOPLE AGED 0–24, DIAGNOSED WITH BRAIN TUMOR: A POPULATION LINKAGE STUDY
Authors: Thomas Chu, Michel Coleman, Bernard Rachet, Catey Bunce, Richard Wormald, David Walker
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

BACKGROUND: Cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS) is the commonest and most serious complication of posterior fossa tumour surgery with life-long consequences on speech and motor function.Despite previous identification of pre-operative clinical and radiological predictors of CMS, a unifying pre-operative risk stratification model for use during surgical consent is currently lacking.The aims of the project are to develop a simple pre-operative risk scoring scheme to stratify patients in terms of post-operative CMS risk.METHODS: Pre-operative radiological features were recorded for a retrospectively assembled cohort of 89 posterior fossa tumor patients from two major UK treatment centers (age 2-23yrs; gender 28M,61F; diagnosis: 38 pilocytic astrocytoma, 32 medulloblastoma, 12 ependymoma, 1 high grade glioma, 1 pilomyxoid astrocytoma, 1 atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, 1 hemangioma, 1 neurilemmoma, 2 oligodendroglioma).Twenty-six (29%) developed post-operative CMS.Based upon results from univariate analysis and C4.5 decision tree, stepwise logistic regression was used to develop the optimal model and generate risk scores.RESULTS: Univariate analysis identified five significant risks and C4.5 decision tree identified six predictors.The final model has an accuracy of 88.8% (79/89).Using risk score cut-off of 203 and 238 allowed discrimination into low (38/89, predicted CMS probability < 3%), intermediate (17/89, predicted CMS probability 3-52%) and highrisk (34/89, predicted CMS probability ≥ 52%).CONCLUSIONS: We will continue to work with leading neurosurgical centres in Europe and North America to expand the cohort and organise an international workshop in Nottingham to (1) validate and/or modify the preliminary model; (2) compare surgical techniques through detailed discussion; and (3) use the information exchange to establish a stratified approach to cerebellar mutism risk reduction.Following further multi-centre validation, this tool could be of value in providing CMS risk during the consent procedure and for stratifying patients in terms of CMS risk in trials of therapeutic strategies.
Urgent improvements are needed to diagnose and manage Lynch syndrome in patients with urothelial cancers
Authors: Keval M Patel, William Turner
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Monahan and colleagues highlight the importance of genetic testing for people with colorectal cancer diagnosed at a young age (<50).1 People with Lynch syndrome may present to non-colorectal clinics, which also need to be aware of the syndrome and the need for referral for genetic testing.

People with Lynch syndrome are …
Regulation of Chondrocyte Survival in Mouse Articular Cartilage by p63
Authors: Yuki Taniguchi, Manabu Kawata, Song Ho Chang, Daisuke Mori, Keita Okada, Hiroshi Kobayashi, Shurei Sugita, Yoko Hosaka, Hiroshi Inui, Shuji Taketomi, Fumiko Yano, Toshiyuki Ikeda, Haruhiko Akiyama, Alea A. Mills, Ung‐il Chung, Sakae Tanaka, Hiroshi Kawaguchi, Taku Saito
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2016)

Objective Transcription factor p63, of the p53 family, regulates cell proliferation, survival, and apoptosis in various cells and tissues. This study was undertaken to examine the expression and roles of p63 transcript variants in the mouse growth plate and articular chondrocytes. Methods For in vivo analyses, we generated Cre‐mediated TAp63α‐transgenic and TAp63γ‐transgenic mice. To induce tissue‐specific overexpression or deletion in chondrocytes, chondroprogenitor cells, or early limb bud mesenchymal cells, we used Col2a1‐Cre, Sox9‐Cre, and Prx1‐Cre mice, respectively. We analyzed osteoarthritis (OA) development with aging or surgically induced instability in Prx1‐Cre;p63 fl/fl (P–conditional knockout) mice. Results Among major variants, TAp63α and TAp63γ are highly expressed in mouse primary costal and articular chondrocytes. The p63 protein was predominantly localized in the hypertrophic zone of the embryonic limb cartilage, and in the middle zone of articular cartilage. No obvious change was observed in skeletal growth of TAp63α‐transgenic mice, Sox9‐Cre;p63 fl/fl , or P–conditional knockout mice, while that of TAp63γ‐transgenic mice was impaired due to ectopic apoptosis and the resulting decreased number of chondrocytes. Expression of proapoptotic genes including bax , noxa , puma , and fas was increased in TAp63γ‐transgenic mouse chondrocytes, and their transcription was probably sustained by p53 in p63–conditional knockout mouse chondrocytes because both proteins were coexpressed in the growth plate. In contrast, p53 was expressed in the superficial zone of articular cartilage, differently from p63. Notably, P–conditional knockout mice showed significant resistance to OA development, with suppression of chondrocyte apoptosis in the aging and surgical models. Conclusion We demonstrated regulation of chondrocyte survival in articular cartilage by p63.
Use of the scat-3, child scat3, and king-devick in concussion assessment of youth hockey players
Authors: Mark Herceg
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Objective Currently youth sports hockey programs do not adhere to concussion protocols. The purpose of this study was to examine the relations between performance of two sideline assessments. Design Retrospective analysis of two measures given as part of a youth travel hockey program. Setting Ice hockey skating facility in Westchester County, NY (USA). Participants A sample of 121 youth hockey players participated. All of the athletes were administered the King-Devick, SAC (ages 13-18) and Child SAC (ages 10-12) at baseline, sideline, and once symptom free. Main results Mean age was 13.2 (SD=1.2) and there 118 were boys (97.5%). The majority of sample had zero self-reported past concussion (n=113; 93.3). Fourteen athletes sustained concussions. Worse King Devick scores were associated with overall worse SAC and Child SAC Concentration and Delayed Memory scores. For every 1-point reduction in SAC Delayed Memory Score, there was a worsening of King Devick time score of 5.3 seconds (95% CI 5.0, 9.5, p&lt;0.001) for children ages 13–18, and a time score difference of 5.8 seconds for children ages 10–12 (95% CI 5.9, p&lt;0.001). In examining SAC total score, a 1-point decrease was associated with King Devick score worsening of 2.0s (95% CI 0.5, 4.0, p=0.01). Most common symptoms were headache and fatigue for all ages. Once symptom free, there was a trend toward improvement on both measures compared to baseline. Conclusions This study reaffirms prior studies that both King Devick and SAC are effective combination clinical tools that assess athletes with suspected concussion. Competing interests None.
Understanding the Association Between Personality and Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Richard P. Bentall
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Pravastatin and coronary heart disease [3] (multiple letters)
Authors: G. Assmann, H. Schulte, P. Cullen, C. J. Packard, J. Shepherd, S. M. Cobbe, P. W. Macfarlane, A. R. Lorimer, J. H. McKillop, I. Ford, J. Norrie, C. G. Isles
Journal: Circulation (1998)
What to Do Following Fibrinolysis for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Peter Bogaty, James M. Brophy
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Increased small intestinal permeability in chronic liver disease is associated with reduced abundance of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the terminal ileum mucosa
Authors: Ashok S. Raj, Erin Shanahan, Linda M. Fletcher, Cuong Tran, Purnima Bhat, Mark Morrison, Gerald Holtmann, Graeme A. Macdonald
Journal: Hepatology (2016)
Engineering a sprayable and elastic hydrogel adhesive with antimicrobial properties for wound healing
Authors: Nasim Annabi, Devyesh Rana, Ehsan Shirzaei Sani, Roberto Portillo-Lara, Jessie L. Gifford, Mohammad M. Fares, Suzanne M. Mithieux, Anthony S. Weiss
Journal: Biomaterials (2017)
Chromoendoscopie (I-scan) détecte plus de polypes chez les patients avec un syndrome de Lynch: un essai contrôlé “crossover” randomisé
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

Les patients présentant un syndrome de Lynch (SL) ont un risque majoré de cancer colorectal. Cette pathologie génétique, altérant les systèmes de réparation de l’ADN, entraine des polypes essentiellement plan, prédominant au niveau du colon droit. La progression vers le cancer est plus rapide que les polypes sporadiques. Une surveillance par coloscopie d’annuelle à bisannuelle selon les recommandations. L’utilisation d’endoscope haute-résolution et d’une chromoendoscopie (CE) par indigocarmin est recommandée du fait de la difficulté à visualiser ces lésions planes. La CE permettrait de diminuer le taux de polypes manqués, mais entraine une augmentation de la durée d’examen. Plusieurs études non randomisées ont montré un avantage d’une CE “virtuelle” (CEV) pour la détection des polypes dans le SL. L’I-scan est un post-traitement de l’image proposé sur les dernières générations des processeurs haute définition EPK-i Pentax®. Dans cette étude, les paramètres nommés “I-scan2” (IS2) ont été utilisés, consistant en un rehaussement de surface et un rehaussement de la teinte en mode C (Colon).
Isosorbide Dinitrate, With or Without Hydrazine, Does Not Reduce Wave Reflections, LV Hypertrophy or Fibrosis in HFpEF
Authors: Payman Zamani, Scott Akers, Haideliza Soto-Calderon, Melissa Beraun, Maheswara R Koppula, Swapna Varakantam, Deepa Rawat, Philip G Haines, Jesse Chittams, Raymond R Townsend, Walter R Witschey, Patrick Segers, Julio A Chirinos
Journal: Circulation (2016)
Comprehensive Analysis of the Discordance of EGFR Mutation Status between Tumor Tissues and Matched Circulating Tumor DNA in Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Rui Wan, Zhijie Wang, J. Jack Lee, Shuhang Wang, Qingqing Li, Fuchou Tang, Jin Wang, Yu Sun, Hua Bai, Di Wang, Jun Zhao, Jianchun Duan, Minglei Zhuo, Tongtong An, Meina Wu, Zhaoli Chen, Zhenlin Yang, Jie Wang
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Mutations in GI cancers with peritoneal metastasis.
Authors: Asish Patel, Alison M Cushman-Vokoun, Brandon Alex, Richard Sleightholm, Jason M. Foster
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e22030 Background: Peritoneal metastasis (PM) presents with relative frequency in gastrointestinal malignancies (GIM). Patients with PM are challenging due to frequent symptoms, refractory response to therapy, and worse prognosis compared to hematogenous metastasis. One opportunity to improve therapy is characterization of the mutations associated with PM. We analyzed mutations in PM in appendix (mucinous & non-mucinous), colorectal, and small bowel malignancies to determine if there were mutations critical to PM. Methods: DNA was extracted from 27 paraffin embedded tissues of PM. It was sequenced using the Ion Ampliseq HotSpot Cancer Panel used for multiplexed target enrichment and amplification of 50 specific genes. Next generation sequencing was performed on the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. Data analysis was performed using the Ion Torrent Variant Caller Software v.4.0, NextGENeSoftware and the Integrated Genomics Viewer. Results: Non-synonymous single nucleotide variations (SNVs) were identified in 22/28 (79%) of specimens. KRAS mutations were observed in 18/28 (64%) of all cases (75% of mucinous appendiceal neoplasms (MAN), 40% colorectal cancer (CRC), 100% small bowel cancer (SBC). Additionally, at least two or more mutations were observed in the SBC cases. Low grade MAN (DPAM) had a unique KRAS/GNAS signature observed in 8/12 (67%), and this signature was distinctly different from the signature observed in non-MAN tumors and the known CRC mutations. SBC with PM also were unique in that all PM had KRAS mutations. No mutations were observed in non-mucinous high grade appendix tumors (HG-APPY), specifically signet cell and adenocarinoid (goblet cell) tumors. Conclusions: Despite the small sample size, this investigation demonstrated that a more extensive mutational assessment of a heterogeneous group of PM provides important biological information. This is the first study examining the mutational profile of peritoneal carcinomatosis of small bowel origin, and mutant KRAS was found in all of those cases. Mutations were not observed in non-mucinous appendix tumors with PM. CRC, MAN, and SBC appear to have unique signatures. KRAS was the most common mutation observed in PM and supports continued development of targeted therapy.
FRI0003 High dose chemotherapy without autologous stem cell reinfusion in the treatment of ra
Authors: KD Pile, M Rischmueller, L Milazzo, W Jaksic, N Wickham
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> With increasing use of high dose cytotoxic chemotherapy with autologous peripheral blood stem cell (APBSC) rescue for the treatment of severe autoimmune diseases, including RA, there is concern that the reinfusion of auto-aggressive T cells may reactivate the autoimmune process. High dose chemotherapy without the reinfusion of autologous stem cells permits a form of <i>in vivo</i> T cell depletion and stem cell selection that obviates the reinfusion of auto-aggressive T cells. <h3>Objectives</h3> Evaluation of medium term outcome in patients undergoing high dose chemotherapy without autologous stem cell reinfusion in patients with severe RA. <h3>Methods</h3> Three patients with RA and one with JRA, which was progressive and severe despite multiple DMARDs, were treated with Cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg for four consecutive days, with G-CSF 300 mcg bd commencing from day five. Prior to this, APBSC were collected following priming with Cyclophosphamide and G-CSF. The APBSC were not intended for reinfusion unless prolonged cytopenias or severe infection occurred. DMARDs were discontinued at the time of high dose chemotherapy and low to moderate dose prednisolone was commenced in all patients. Immunophenotyping of lymphocyte subsets was performed to monitor immune regeneration. <h3>Results</h3> High dose cyclophosphamide was well tolerated and all patients achieved haematological recovery without the need for APBSC reinfusion. Median time to neutrophil recovery (ANC &gt;500/(L) and platelet transfusion independence was 17 and 16 days, respectively. All patients required antibiotics for neutropenic fever for between 2 – 8 days. Absolute change and% change from baseline at 6 and 12 months is shown in the Table 1. All subjects have required recommencement of a DMARD between 6 and 12 months post therapy. One patient, who had been taking long term oral steroids, developed bilateral avascular necrosis of the femoral heads. Absolute and% change from baseline at 6 and 12 months post therapy (&lt; 100% equals% improvement). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Whilst high dose chemotherapy without stem cell reinfusion may be considered as a therapeutic option in cases of severe progressive rheumatoid arthritis, further research in maintaining the initial benefit is required.