tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Solitary Benign Schwannoma Mimics Residual Malignancy on FDG PET/CT
Authors: Xia Bai, Xuemei Wang
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

Abstract Schwannomas can be seen in pediatric patients with neurofibromatosis and occur generally in the limbs. Solitary schwannoma rarely occurs in pediatric patients who do not have neurofibromatosis. A 15-year-old girl with Hodgkin lymphoma in the neck underwent follow-up FDG PET/CT scan to monitor the response to the chemotherapy. Although her lesions in the neck were no longer visualized, one focal activity in her left upper back persisted. Excisional biopsy result demonstrated benign schwannoma.
Thyroid Hormone receptor regulates hepatic stellate cell activation
Authors: P.P. Manka, J.D. Coombes, L.P. Bechmann, L. Dollé, M. Swiderska-Syn, M.A. Briones-Orta, R. Williams, L. van Grunsven, A. Canbay, F. Flamant, K. Gauthier, W.-K. Syn
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2017)
Abstract 14867: Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy After Various Drug Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Abhishek Sharma, Samin K Sharma, Akash Garg, Ajay Vallakati, Gregg Stone, Debabrata Mukherjee, Carl Lavie, Jonathan D Marmur
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Objective: To evaluate efficacy and safety of long duration DAPT i.e., &gt; 12 months (L-DAPT) and short duration DAPT i.e., ≤ 12 months (S-DAPT) after various drug eluting stent (DES) implantation. Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the effect of L-DAPT versus S-DAPT after sirolimus-eluting (Cypher®); paclitaxel-eluting stents (Taxus®); zotarolimus-eluting (Endeavor®) and everolimus-eluting stents (Xience V®) implantation. Primary efficacy end points were stent thrombosis, target vessel revascularization (TVR), all cause mortality and cardiac mortality. Primary safety end points were major bleeding and stroke. Event rates were compared using a Forest plot of relative risk using a random effects model. Results: We included six RCTs that randomized 19,012 patients to S-DAPT versus L- DAPT (4638 first generation DES; 14,374 in second generation DES; 8099 EES; 4876 in ZES). Outcomes with S-DAPT and L-DAPT in various generations of DES stents are summarized in table below: Conclusion: Compared with L-DAPT, S-DAPT was associated with higher rate of myocardial infarction and stent thrombosis without any significant difference in the rate of all cause mortality, cardiac mortality and stroke after first and second generation DES. However, on subgroup analysis of second generation stent there was no significant difference in the rate of all cause mortality, cardiac mortality, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis and stroke with S-DAPT and L-DAPT after ZES implantation. Shorter duration DAPT may be optimum for newer generation stents particularly ZES.
Demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of breast cancer patients with history of oral alendronate use.
Authors: Sercan Aksoy, Mehmet Ali Nahit Sendur, Sebnem Yaman, Zafer Arik, Nuriye Ozdemir, Nurullah Zengin, Kadri Altundag
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e11093 Background: Bisphosphonates therapy reduces the risk of skeletally related complications in patients with bone metastases due to malignancy and bisphosphonates are the most common used agents in the treatment of osteoporosis. However, the effect on clinical and pathological properties of breast cancer with using oral alendronate has not been reported. We investigate retrospectively the demographic and clinico-pathological characteristics of patients with oral alendronate users for longer than 1 year, compared to non-users. Methods: Patients with breast cancer diagnosed from 1998 to 2010 in our clinic were retrospectively analyzed. Patient’s demographics including survival data and tumor characteristics were obtained from medical charts. Breast cancer patients who were taking oral alendronate more than 12 months at the time of breast cancer diagnosis were enrolled as an alendronate users (n=44), where the patients matched with the same age who were not taking oral alendronate were included as a control group (n=444). Results: A total of 488 patients were included in this study. Forty-four patients received an oral alendronate treatment more than one year and 444 patients were considered as nonusers. Median age of both alendronate users and nonusers was 57 (33-89). Lower incidence histological grade III, T3-T4 tumor, and node positivity was seen in alendronate users but not statistically significant. A similar trend for lower incidence of triple negative and higher incidence ER (P=0.13), PR (P=0.12) and HER2 positivity (P=0.21) was also seen in alendronate users but not statistically significant. Disease free survival rate was 150±28 months in alendronate users where as 70±24 months in nonusers (P=0.015). Median overall survival rates could not be obtained but higher in alendronate users but not statistically significant (P=0.13). Conclusions: The use of oral alendronate for longer than one year before the diagnosis of breast cancer was associated with better clinico-pathological properties and significantly improved disease free survival in breast cancer patients.
GP is struck off after being jailed for human trafficking
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2018)

A GP who was jailed for nine months after being found guilty of human trafficking for the purpose of exploitation has been struck off by a medical practitioners tribunal.

Ayodeji Adewakun, 46, neglected to tell her out-of-hours employer that she faced serious criminal charges and told colleagues at her general practice that her legal issues were merely a domestic problem concerning a wage dispute.

Adewakun and her husband, Abimbola Adewakun, 48, a nurse, were imprisoned for nine and six months, respectively, over their treatment of Lydia Ogundowala, 30. They had brought her from Nigeria in February 2007 to work as nanny to their three children at their home in Erith, southeast London.

Ogundowala was persuaded to take up the job by …
Abstract MP64: Trends in Racial Differences in Control of Hypertension, 2008-2014
Authors: Kristi Reynolds, Zoë Bider, Corinna Koebnick, Michael Kanter, Joel Handler
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: Racial disparities in blood pressure control in the U.S. have been well documented. In 2010, Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC), a large and diverse integrated health care delivery system that provides care to over 4 million members, implemented a series of changes in health care delivery to address the disparity in hypertension control. Key elements included changes to the care team, patient activation, meaningful use of health information technology, and leadership vision. Methods: We examined trends in hypertension control between 2008 and 2014 by race/ethnicity in KPSC members aged 18 years and older. Patients with hypertension were identified from the KPSC POINT® (Permanente Online Interactive Network Tool) population care management hypertension registry. Blood pressure control was defined according to JNC-7 criteria in the fourth quarter of each calendar year from 2008 through 2014. Results: Between 2008 and 2014, the hypertension population increased from 624,493 to 745,382, while the prevalence was stable (25.9% in 2008 and 25.6% in 2014). During this period, the proportion of Whites and Blacks decreased slightly from 45.4% to 43.0% and 14.3% to 13.5%, respectively, while the proportion of Hispanics and Asian/Pacific Islanders increased from 25.2% to 29.0% and 9.8% to 11.3%, respectively. Hypertension control increased from 74.0% in 2008 to 83.8% in 2014 and increased across age, sex, and racial/ethnic groups (Figure). Blacks had the largest improvement in hypertension control (68.8% to 80.8%), which was primarily driven by those aged 65+ years. The disparity in hypertension control between Whites and Blacks decreased from 6.9% to 5% between 2008 and 2014. Conclusions: While ecologic in nature, the secular increases in hypertension control suggest that implementation of a series of system-wide changes can affect all subpopulations.
Expanding Veterans’ Access to Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2018)

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Adding culture and context improves evolutionary theorizing about human cognition
Authors: Rita Anne McNamara, Ronald Fischer
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2018)

Abstract Boyer &amp; Petersen (B&amp;P) lay out an evolutionarily grounded framework to produce concrete, testable predictions about economic phenomena. We commend this step forward, but suggest the framework requires more consideration of cultural contexts that provide necessary input for cognitive systems to operate on. We discuss the role of culture when examining both evolved cognitive systems and social exchange contexts.
Abstract 12153: Impact of a Hybrid Nurse-Led Intervention for the Prevention of Progressive Cardiac Dysfunction in High Risk Individuals: Results From a Pragmatic, Randomized Trial (the NIL-CHF Study)
Authors: Simon Stewart, Melinda Carrington, Yih Kai Chan, Garry Jennings, Chiew Wong
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: The natural history of chronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by initial cardiac insult and/or stressors over time that leaves affected individuals at high risk for progressive cardiac dysfunction and eventual development of the syndrome. Methods: Of a total of 624 subjects at high risk of developing CHF randomized into the NIL-CHF Study comparing a hybrid program of home and clinic-based follow-up (NIL-CHF group) to Standard Care, 454 (73%) underwent serial echocardiography at 1 month post index cardiac hospitalization and at 3 years. At both time points (nil signs/symptoms of CHF at baseline), these were blindly classified as follows: 1) no cardiac abnormality, 2) systolic dysfunction/HFrEF - LVEF ≤ 45% ), 3) diastolic dysfunction/HFpEF as defined by any moderate diastolic dysfunction (with pseudonormalization pattern) or E/E prime ratio ≥ 15, 4) combination of 2 &amp; 3 and 5) other cardiac abnormality (including LVH). Pre-specified criteria were used to determine - i) no change, ii) improvement or iii) deterioration in cardiac function from baseline to 3 years. Results: Mean age was 66±11 years, 71% were male, 70% were hospitalized with an acute coronary syndrome and 62% and 26%, respectively, were being treated for hypertension and diabetes. At baseline 25.2% vs. 28.4% (p=ns), 15.1% vs. 9.1% (p&lt;0.05), 35.1% vs. 32.4% (p=ns) and 34.3% vs. 39.6% had normal cardiac function, HFrEF, HFpEF (13% both HFrEF and HFpEF overall) and LVH (the predominant “other” cardiac abnormality), respectively. At 3 years the proportion of subjects with reversal of pre-existing HFrEF or HFpEF was lower in the NIL-CHF group (23% vs. 16%; p=0.063). Moreover, significantly more NIL-CHF subjects demonstrated any form of cardiac recovery/reversal on echocardiography (39% vs. 25%, p=0.011, 95% CI 1.35, 95% CI 1.04, 1.76). They also demonstrated significantly greater regression to normal LV structure (36% vs. 25%; p=0.047) among those with LVH at baseline. Conclusions: These pre-specified analyses (secondary endpoint) of the recently completed NIL-CHF Study suggests a cardio-protective effect conferred by a long-term, nurse-led, home and clinic-based intervention targeting hospitalized individuals at high risk for developing CHF.
Forecasting the care needs of the older population in England over the next 20 years: estimates from the Population Ageing and Care Simulation (PACSim) modelling study
Authors: Andrew Kingston, Adelina Comas-Herrera, Carol Jagger
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2018)

BackgroundExisting models for forecasting future care needs are limited in the risk factors included and in the assumptions made about incoming cohorts. We estimated the numbers of people aged 65 years or older in England and the years lived in older age requiring care at different intensities between 2015 and 2035 from the Population Ageing and Care Simulation (PACSim) model.MethodsPACSim, a dynamic microsimulation model, combined three studies (Understanding Society, the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, and the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study II) to simulate individuals' sociodemographic factors, health behaviours, 12 chronic diseases and geriatric conditions, and dependency (categorised as high [24-h care], medium [daily care], or low [less than daily] dependency; or independent). Transition probabilities for each characteristic were estimated by modelling state changes from baseline to 2-year follow-up. Years in dependency states were calculated by Sullivan's method.FindingsBetween 2015 and 2035 in England, both the prevalence of and numbers of people with dependency will fall for young-old adults (65–74 years). For very old adults (≥85 years), numbers with low dependency will increase by 148·0% (range from ten simulations 140·0–152·0) and with high dependency will almost double (increase of 91·8%, range 87·3–94·1) although prevalence will change little. Older adults with medium or high dependency and dementia will be more likely to have at least two other concurrent conditions (increasing from 58·8% in 2015 to 81·2% in 2035). Men aged 65 years will see a compression of dependency with 4·2 years (range 3·9–4·2) of independence gained compared with life expectancy gains of 3·5 years (3·1–4·1). Women aged 65 years will experience an expansion of mainly low dependency, with 3·0 years (3·0–3·6) gained in life expectancy compared with 1·4 years (1·2–1·4) with low dependency and 0·7 years (0·6–0·8) with high dependency.InterpretationIn the next 20 years, the English population aged 65 years or over will see increases in the number of individuals who are independent but also in those with complex care needs. This increase is due to more individuals reaching 85 years or older who have higher levels of dependency, dementia, and comorbidity. Health and social care services must adapt to the complex care needs of an increasing older population.FundingUK Economic and Social Research Council and the National Institute for Health Research.
Abstract 16827: Algorithmic Lesion Dimension Assessment: in vivo Assessment Using a Novel Irrigated-tip Catheter With Six Temperature Sensors
Authors: Jacob Koruth, Meir Bartal, Ultchin Yigal, Alona Sigal, Mizrachi Liron, Jin Iwasawa, Yoshinari Enomoto, Dinesh Sharma, rahul bhardwaj, Subbarao Choudry, Srinivas Dukkipati, Vivek Reddy
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: A novel irrigated-tip, force-sensing radiofrequency ablation catheter with 6 microelectrodes with temperature (tip-tissue interface) sensors (Oracle, Biosense Webster, Inc) allows for...
Abstract 20008: Oxolipidomic Analysis of Calcific Stenotic Human Aortic Valves: Correlation of Oxidized Phosphatidylcholine and Lysophosphatidic Acid With Aortic Valve Gradient
Authors: Andrea Edel, Aleksandra Stamenkovic, Rakesh Chaudhary, Amir Ravandi
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Aortic valve stenosis (AVS) is the most common heart valvulvar pathology seen in the western world. The pathological mechanism of AVS is still unclear. Recent studies suggest elevated...
Charcot-Leyden crystal formation is closely associated with eosinophil extracellular trap cell death
Authors: Shigeharu Ueki, Takahiro Tokunaga, Rossana C. N. Melo, Hidekazu Saito, Kohei Honda, Mineyo Fukuchi, Yasunori Konno, Masahide Takeda, Yohei Yamamoto, Makoto Hirokawa, Shigeharu Fujieda, Lisa A. Spencer, Peter F. Weller
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract 17474: The Real World Prevalence of Cerebrovascular Disease Findings by Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Seiji Hokimoto, Noriaki Tabata, Tomonori Akasaka, Kenji Sakamoto, Eiichiro Yamamoto, Kenichi Tsujita, Megumi Yamamuro, Koichi Kaikita, Sunao Kojima, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) are often complicated with cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Although there are many reports on the relation between stroke with symptomatic signs and CAD, there are few studies on CVD findings obtained from imaging examination irrespective of neurological signs. The aim was to examine the prevalence of CVD findings and clinical outcome in CAD patients. Methods: In 1091 consecutive CAD patients (772 males, mean age 70.1±10.3) who required percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), we examined the CVD findings by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain before PCI. Patients were classified into 4 CVD findings and non-CVD: 1) microbleeds (G1), 2) lacunar infarction (G2), 3) non-lacunar infarction more severe than lacunar infarction (G3), 4) old cerebral bleeding (G4), and 5) non-CVD findings (G0). Acute conditions of CVD were excluded. Clinical endpoints were cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, unstable angina (UA) and urgent revascularization. Results: The number of CVD from cerebral imaging was 324 (29.7%) and there were 26 (2.4%), 125 (11.5%), 144 (13.2%), 29 (2.6%) and 767 (70.3%) in G1, G2, G3, G4 and G0, respectively. Patients with CVD findings had a high incidence of left main trunk or multi-vessels diseases, peripheral artery disease, chronic kidney disease and high age and high pulse wave velocity. Cardiovascular event rate was significantly higher in patients with CVD findings than in patients with non-CVD findings (9.6% vs. 4.7%, P=0.002). Details in clinical outcome were as follows: cardiovascular death (G1, G2, G3, G4, and G0; 0%, 0.8%, 2.8%, 3.4% and 0.9%, respectively), MI (0%, 0.8%, 0.7%, 3.4% and 0.5%), stroke (0%, 4.0%, 1.4%, 3.4%, and 0.7%), UA (3.8%, 4.0%, 4.2%, 6.9%, and 2.5%), revascularization (3.8%, 0.8%, 2.2%, 3.4% and 0.7%), respectively. Multiple regression analysis identified CVD findings as a predictor of clinical events (OR, 2.06; 95%CI, 1.18-3.60; P=0.001). Conclusions: There was high incidence of MRI or CT findings of brain irrespective or with or without neurological signs in CAD patients. We should also pay attention to asymptomatic patients with microbleeds or lacunar infarction irrespective of overt previous stroke.
Abstract 37: The Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Ideal Cardiovascular Health in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study
Authors: Leanna M Ross, Jacob L Barber, Xuemei Sui, Steven N Blair, Mark A Sarzynski
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Purpose: To examine the cross-sectional association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) in middle-aged adults. Methods: The association between CRF and ideal CVH score was examined in 11,590 adults (8,865 men, 2,725 women) from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. CRF was measured as duration in minutes from a maximal treadmill test. The AHA’s ideal CVH score was calculated on a 14 point scale using data on smoking status, BMI, physical activity (MET-min/wk), healthy diet, total cholesterol, blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose recorded between 1987 and 1999. Participants were grouped into categories of inadequate (0-4), average (5-9), and optimum (10-14) based on their CVH score. Three CRF groups were created from age- and sex-specific quintiles based on the previously established cutpoints of treadmill time: low, moderate, and high CRF. We used general linear and logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, and year of examination to evaluate the association of CRF with ideal CVH score. Results: The mean CVH score for men was 8.4 ± 2.2 and 9.7 ± 2.0 for women. Approximately 33% of men and 57% of women had optimum CVH, while only a small proportion of participants had inadequate CVH (5.1% M, 1.4% F). Treadmill time was moderately correlated (p&lt;0.0001) with CVH score in both men (r=0.56) and women (r=0.50). CRF explained 16% and sex 18% of the variance in CVH score (both p&lt;0.0001). Our adjusted model found that participants in the optimum CVH category had 20% and 43% higher CRF levels than those in the average and inadequate CVH groups (p&lt;0.0001), respectively ( Figure 1 ). The adjusted odds (95% CI) of having optimum CVH were 14.0 (11.0-17.8) and 3.1 (2.4-4.0) times greater for high CRF and moderate CRF, respectively, compared to low CRF (p&lt;0.0001). Discussion: Higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with better cardiovascular health profiles in both men and women. Thus, improving fitness represents a strategy to improve cardiovascular and public health.
The effect of cholesterol depletion in resistant breast cancer cells.
Authors: Virgilio Alexander Villeda, Indira Benakanakere, Carl Freter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e11031 Background: A leading cause of breast cancer chemotherapeutic treatment failure is resistance of cancerous cells towards current anti-estrogen agents. This project investigated the relationship between inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and its effect on resistant breast cancer cells. Methods: MCF-7 cells were maintained in phenol red free media and pretreated with charcoal stripped media for 24 hours prior to the experiments (ensure all exogenous estrogen was taken out). Cells were plated in 96 well plates at 10,000 to 15,000 cells/well. MCF-7 cells were tested for their sensitivity to BIBB515 and whether the proliferation of cells with estrogen could be blocked with BIBB515. The cells were grown for 6 days, on day 7 the cell proliferation was determined by adding MTT and read at 570nM. Results: Estrogen, tamoxifen and anastrazole induced cell proliferation that was controlled by 10µM BIBB515. Inhibiting the cholesterol pathway in combination with tamoxifen induced cell death in MCF-7 cells (cell proliferation of 0.13 ±0.15) compared to tamoxifen alone (0.57±0.041) p&lt;0.001 by one way ANNOVA and multiple comparison by DUNN test. Anastrozole alone induced statistically significant cell proliferation 0.403 ±0.03 compared to combination treatment with BIBB515 (0.05 ± 0.007 p&lt;0.001 by one way ANNOVA and multiple comparison by DUNN test). BIBB515 treatment could also inhibit the estrogen induced cell proliferation in MCF-7 cells. These results indicate that cholesterol inhibitors can be developed to fill a niche area in breast cancer disease management where clinicians would prolong treatment on first-line anti-hormone therapies of tamoxifen and anastrazole for advanced disease patients. Conclusions: Results show that inhibition of cholesterol sensitizes resistant cells to current anti-estrogen chemotherapeutic agents. This finding is significant because it could potentially translate into reduce rates of breast cancer relapse due to regiment failure. Exploiting this mechanism could alter the current treatment regimens, leading to control of the diseases in advanced stages by either inducing tumors to be static or to regress. This strategy may also limit the toxicities involved with chemotherapy.