tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Nutrition from the Inside Out
Authors: Dennis M. Bier
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2017)

Nearly 50 years ago, I set out to investigate the clinical problem of hypoglycemia in children with illnesses that limited their food intake. My goal was to gather accurate and precise measurable data. At the time, I wasn't interested in nutrition as a discipline defined in its more general or popular sense. To address the specific problem that interested me required development of entirely new methods based on stable, nonradioactive tracers that satisfied the conditions of accuracy and precision. At the time, I had no inclination of the various theoretical and practical problems that would have to be solved to achieve this goal. Some are briefly described here. Nor did I have the slightest idea that developing the field would result in a fundamental change in how human clinical investigation was conducted, with the eventual replacement of radiotracers with stable isotopically labeled ones, even for adult clinical investigation. Additionally, I had no inclination that the original questions would open avenues to much broader questions of practical nutritional relevance. Moreover, only much later as the editor of The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition did I appreciate the policy implications of how nutritional data are presented in the scientific literature. At least in part, less accurate and precise measurements and less than full transparency in reporting nutritional data have resulted in widespread debate about the public policy recommendations and guidelines that are the intended result of collecting the data in the first place. This article provides a personal recollection (with all the known faults of self-reporting and retrospective memory) of the journey that starts with measurement certainty and ends with policy uncertainty.
Mortality in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy: results from a Swedish nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Gerd Cecilie Dobloug, John Svensson, Ingrid E Lundberg, Marie Holmqvist
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

Patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) suffer an increased burden of comorbidities, but data on mortality in recently diagnosed IIM are conflicting. Also, little is known when, if ever, in relation to IIM diagnosis, mortality is increased. Methods A population-based IIM cohort of patients diagnosed between 2002 and 2011 and general population comparators were identified using healthcare registers. They were linked to the cause of death register for follow-up. Results 224 (31%) of the 716 patients with IIM and 870 (12%) of the 7100 general population died during follow-up. This corresponded to a mortality rate of 60/1000 person-years in IIM and 20/1000 person-years in the general population. The cumulative mortality at 1 year after diagnosis was 9% in IIM and 1% in the general population, and increased in both IIM and the general population with time. The overall hazard ratio (HR) 95%CI of death comparing IIM with the general population was 3.7 (3.2 to 4.4). When we stratified on time since diagnosis, we noted an increase in mortality already within the first year of diagnosis compared with the general population, HR 9.6 (95% CI 6.9 to 13.5). This HR then plateaued around 2 after &gt;10 years with the disease, although the estimates were not statistically significant. Malignancies, diseases of the circulatory and respiratory system were common causes of death. Conclusion Mortality is increased in patients with contemporary IIM. The increased mortality was noted within a year of diagnosis, which calls for extra vigilance during the first year of IIM diagnosis.
HDAC6 inhibition upregulates CD20 levels and increases the efficacy of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Malgorzata Bobrowicz, Michal Dwojak, Beata Pyrzynska, Joanna Stachura, Angelika Muchowicz, Elise Berthel, Nicole Dalla-Venezia, Mieszko Kozikowski, Marta Siernicka, Nina Miazek, Piotr Zapala, Antoni Domagala, Kamil Bojarczuk, Agata Malenda, Joanna Barankiewicz, Agnieszka Graczyk-Jarzynka, Agnieszka Zagozdzon, Magdalena Gabrysiak, Jean-Jacques Diaz, Marta Karp, Ewa Lech-Maranda, Malgorzata Firczuk, Krzysztof Giannopoulos, Dimitar G. Efremov, Luca Laurenti, Dunja Baatout, Lukas Frenzel, Agata Malinowska, Mikolaj Slabicki, Thorsten Zenz, Abdessamad Zerrouqi, Jakub Golab, Magdalena Winiarska
Journal: Blood (2017)
Case 25-2017
Authors: Ann S. LaCasce, Efren J. Flores, Robert H. Goldstein, Aliyah R. Sohani
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

A 45-year-old man presented with headache, fever, and lymphadenopathy. He had abnormal results on liver-function tests, a normal white-cell count with neutrophil predominance, atypical lymphocytes, mild anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Diagnostic tests were performed.
SAT0533 Association of osteoarthritis and periodontitis based on the korea national health and nutrition examination survey
Authors: MK Chung, N Koo, BW Lee, J Lee, S-K Kwok, S-H Park, JH Ju
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease with complex etiologies characterized by synovial inflammation, subchondral bone remodeling, and the formation of osteophytes, which leads to cartilage deterioration. Periodontitis (PD) is also a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by loss of periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Recently, the association between OA and metabolic diseases has been proposed, and the association between several systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, metabolic syndrome and periodontitis has been also revealed. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of this study was to investigate the association between OA and PD in South Korea using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) during 2010–2014. <h3>Methods</h3> Cross-sectional data of 7,969 adults who completed the KHANES, and participated in both a periodontal examination and a knee imaging were analyzed. OA of knee was defined when a participant had knee arthralgia and showed radiographic change of Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade over 1. OA patients were grouped into mild (KL grade 1–2) and severe (KL grade 3–4) OA. The periodontal status was assessed by the Community Periodontal Index. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed according to the OA and PD status, severity of OA, and subgroups (age, gender) adjusting for the socio-demographics, oral health behaviors and status, smoking, and drinking. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 7,969 participants, 1408 (17.7%) had OA and 2987 (37.5%) had PD. OA and PD showed no significant association in overall analysis. However, in subgroup analysis, female patients with severe OA were more likely to have PD (adjusted odd ratio (OR) 1.377, P=0.0316); likewise, OR for severe OA in female patient with PD was 1.367. (P=0.0.54) <h3>Conclusions</h3> Severe OA and PD were associated with each other especially in female in the Korean population. Further prospective and experimental studies are necessary to identify the impact and mechanisms of association between severe OA and PD in female. <h3>References</h3> Zhuo Q, Yang W, Chen J, Wang Y. Metabolic syndrome meets osteoarthritis. Nature reviews Rheumatology 2012; 8(12): 729–37. Kwon YE, Ha JE, Paik DI, Jin BH, Bae KH. The relationship between periodontitis and metabolic syndrome among a Korean nationally representative sample of adults. Journal of clinical periodontology 2011; 38(9): 781–6. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Abstract 108: Thioredoxin-interacting Protein Interacts with Glucose Transporters to Regulate Cardiac Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Bing F Wang, Ronald B Myers, Gregory M Fomovsky, Samuel Lee, Parth Patwari, Jun Yoshioka
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

A change in basal glucose transport into skeletal muscle, heart, and adipose is a critical feature of insulin resistance and diabetes. Glucose transport is tightly regulated by a protein family of glucose transporters (GLUTs). Thus, defining how cardiomyocytes adapt to changes in extracellular and intracellular glucose concentrations by recruiting GLUTs is crucial to understanding cardiac metabolism under both normal and diabetic conditions. Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (Txnip), originally characterized as a binding partner of antioxidant thioredoxin, is now known to be a member of the arrestin protein superfamily. We have previously shown that glucose uptake is robustly enhanced in Txnip-knockout hearts; however, the precise mechanism for this effect remains elusive. Here, we present a novel feedback mechanism by which Txnip controls glucose metabolism. High glucose levels induced Txnip expression in rat cardiomyocytes in vitro and in the myocardium of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice in vivo. Our proteomic and functional analyses found that Txnip directly interacts with GLUT1 and GLUT4 and strikingly inhibits cellular glucose uptake through direct interactions with GLUTs. Using inducible cardiac-specific deletion of Txnip (Txnip-CKO), we further demonstrated that Txnip plays a functional role in STZ-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy. While β-adrenergic challenge revealed a blunted myocardial inotropic response in wild type diabetic animals, Txnip-CKO diabetic mice retained a greater cardiac response to β-adrenergic stimulation. An ex vivo analysis of perfused hearts further demonstrated that the enhanced functional reserve afforded by deletion of Txnip was associated with myocardial glucose utilization during β-adrenergic stimulation. Thus, a high extracellular glucose concentration represses glucose uptake into the cytoplasm via Txnip-mediated inhibition of GLUTs. The metabolic alterations affected by Txnip deletion promote myocardial glucose uptake, directing cardiomyocyte towards enhanced functional reserve under diabetic conditions. These results provide a novel link between GLUTs and Txnip and highlight a fundamental regulatory mechanism of glucose homeostasis in the heart.
転移性乳癌治療のための細胞取込および薬物放出制御のための電荷スイッチを用いた二重pH感受性ミセル【Powered by NICT】
Authors: Tang Shan, Meng Qingshuo, Sun Huiping, Su Jinghan, Yin Qi, Zhang Zhiwen, Yu Haijun, Chen Lingli, Gu Wangwen, Li Yaping
Journal: Biomaterials (2017)
TET2 Downregulation Promotes AML Cell Proliferation Via Pim-1 Expression
Authors: Qingxiao Chen, Jingsong He, Xing Guo, Jing Chen, Xuanru Lin, Xi Huang, Haimeng Yan, Li Yang, Yi Li, Enfan Zhang, Yang Yang, He Huang, Zhen Cai
Journal: Blood (2016)
Home Monitoring Fails to Improve Glycemic Control
Authors: Anita Slomski
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Association of Fluid Administration With Morbidity in Cytoreductive Surgery With Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
Authors: Oliver S. Eng, Sinziana Dumitra, Michael O’Leary, Mustafa Raoof, Mark Wakabayashi, Thanh H. Dellinger, Ernest S. Han, Stephen J. Lee, I. Benjamin Paz, Byrne Lee
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2017)

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for peritoneal cancers can be associated with significant complications. Randomized trials have demonstrated increased morbidity with liberal fluid regimens in abdominal surgery.To investigate the association of intraoperative fluid administration and morbidity in patients undergoing CRS/HIPEC.A retrospective analysis of information from a prospectively collected institutional database was conducted at a National Cancer Institute-designated comprehensive cancer center. A total of 133 patients from April 15, 2009, to June 23, 2016, with primary or secondary peritoneal cancers were included.Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.Morbidity associated with intraoperative fluid management calculated by the comprehensive complication index, which uses a formula combining all perioperative complications and their severities into a continuous variable from 0 to 100 in each patient.Of the 133 patients identified, 38% and 37% had diagnoses of metastatic appendiceal and colorectal cancers, respectively. Mean age was 54 (interquartile range [IQR], 47-64) years, and mean peritoneal cancer index was 13 (IQR, 7-18). Mitomycin and platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents were used in 96 (72.2%) and 37 (27.8%) of the patients, respectively. Mean intraoperative fluid (IOF) rate was 15.7 (IQR, 11.3-18.7) mL/kg/h. Mean comprehensive complication index (CCI) was 26.0 (IQR, 8.7-36.2). On multivariate analysis, age (coefficient, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.01-0.64; P = .04), IOF rate (coefficient, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.19-1.75; P = .02), and estimated blood loss (coefficient, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01-0.03; P = .002) were independent predictors of increased CCI. In particular, patients who received greater than the mean IOF rate experienced a 43% increase in the CCI compared with patients who received less than the mean IOF rate (31.5 vs 22.0; P = .02).Intraoperative fluid administration is associated with a significant increase in perioperative morbidity in patients undergoing CRS/HIPEC. Fluid administration protocols that include standardized restrictive fluid rates can potentially help to mitigate morbidity in patients undergoing CRS/HIPEC.
CCCTC-Binding Factor Translates Interleukin 2- and α-Ketoglutarate-Sensitive Metabolic Changes in T Cells into Context-Dependent Gene Programs
Authors: Danielle A. Chisolm, Daniel Savic, Amanda J. Moore, Andre Ballesteros-Tato, Beatriz León, David K. Crossman, Cornelis Murre, Richard M. Myers, Amy S. Weinmann
Journal: Immunity (2017)
Origin of Hepatoma E of Strain C3H Mice
Authors: Emily Walcott Emmart
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1944)

Origin of Hepatoma E of Strain C3H Mice Get access Emily Walcott Emmart Emily Walcott Emmart associate cytologist National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 4, Issue 5, April 1944, Pages 537–538, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/4.5.537 Published: 01 April 1944
PTU-070 Flying off course with a 2ww direct access pilot: nottingham’s experience of the suspected upper gastrointestinal cancers pathway change with gp vetting and ogd booking
Authors: NR Lewis, J Catton, E James
Journal: Gut (2017)

Introduction  Timely progress through diagnostic pathways is a leading quality measure for NHS cancer services. A hypothesis of sooner diagnosis being achievable with direct access to hospital tests from primary care is a core part of CRUK ACE program (1), and in the context of UGI cancer pathway, there is known wide variation of direct access (DA) OGD (2). This pilot evaluates the efficacy and utility of DA OGD or clinic (DA OPD) for GP concerns a patient may have OG cancer. Comparison was made with the standard 2WW pathway, where allocation to OGD v OPD first is performed by OG consultant.  Method  Pilot and UGI standard 2WW referrals 01/01-01/08/16 were identified from Cancer Centre records.  Results  192 patients were in the pilot pathway, 430 via the standard 2WW. GPs were more likely to allocate patients to DA OGD (52%) compared to 32% having DTT OGD allocated by the hospital. Despite under-utilisation of protected slots for DA OGD, time to DA OGD compared to DTT did not differ (11.0d, 95% CI 10.5,11.2 v 12.4d, 95% CI 11.0,13.9). The same was seen for DA OPD. The total time on pathway was not improved in the pilot group at 16.8d (95% CI 4.9,28.6) compared to 17.9d (95% CI 16.9, 18.9). The subgroup of patients allocated in the pilot to DA OGD did have a quicker exit from the pathway, at 12.4d (95% CI 6.5,18.3) compared to 14.8 (95%CI 12.9,16.6) on the DTT OGD group. The pilot overall detected 8 cancers (4.2%); the standard 2WW path detected 55 (12.8%). OG cancers were in 4 of the DA OGD (4%) and 14 of the DTT OGD (10.2%). A further 10 non-OG cancers were detected in the DTT group after clinicians requested further investigations to determine the cause of their symptoms. Those patients allocated to OPD first by either GP or hospital were as likely to have cancer as those having OGD, with 4.3% of those in the pilot having a cancer detected this way, but none OG cancer, and 10.3% found to have cancers in the standard 2WW group following investigation directed after clinic visit. Of these 65% were cancers other than OG cancers and would not be detected on OGD alone.  Conclusion  OGD as a sole investigation for symptoms has its utility in excluding or detecting OG cancer. A high proportion of cancers detected via 2WW criteria on OG pathway are outside of OG tract and require other tests to diagnose them. In this pilot no additional utility of opening direct access OGD for GP concerned a patient may have an OG cancer was not demonstrated unless exclusion of OG cancer is viewed as the major purpose of the pathway. Our data demonstrates that such a view would be detrimental and lead to missed opportunity to detect other cancers that cause symptoms overlapping with those often ascribed to OG tumours.  References  . www.cancerresearchuk.org  . PLoS ONE11(7):e0159725.  Disclosure of Interest  None Declared
Depression in Parkinson's disease
Authors: H. Allain
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Chronic stress causes dendritic regression and loss of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons that is accompanied by deficits in synaptic plasticity and memory. However, the responsible mechanisms remain unresolved. Here, we found that within hours of the onset of stress, the density of dendritic spines declined in vulnerable dendritic domains. This rapid, stress-induced spine loss was abolished by blocking the receptor (CRFR<sub>1</sub>) of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), a hippocampal neuropeptide released during stress. Exposure to CRH provoked spine loss and dendritic regression in hippocampal organotypic cultures, and selective blockade of the CRFR<sub>1</sub> receptor had the opposite effect. Live, time-lapse imaging revealed that CRH reduced spine density by altering dendritic spine dynamics: the peptide selectively and reversibly accelerated spine retraction, and this mechanism involved destabilization of spine F-actin. In addition, mice lacking the CRFR<sub>1</sub> receptor had augmented spine density. These findings support a mechanistic role for CRH–CRFR<sub>1</sub> signaling in stress-evoked spine loss and dendritic remodeling.
癌治療における併用光線力学と放射線治療のためのナノスケール金属-有機骨格【Powered by NICT】
Authors: Liu Jingjing, Yang Yu, Zhu Wenwen, Yi Xuan, Dong Ziliang, Xu Xiaona, Chen Meiwan, Yang Kai, Lu Guang, Jiang Lixin, Liu Zhuang
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)
Cytokine regulation of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) production in cultured human synovial fibroblasts. II. Similarities and differences in the control of interleukin-1 induction of granulocyte-macrophage CSF and granulocyte-CSF production
Authors: JA Hamilton, DS Piccoli, J Cebon, JE Layton, P Rathanaswani, SR McColl, T Leizer
Journal: Blood (1992)
Peripherally derived FGF21 promotes remyelination in the central nervous system
Authors: Mariko Kuroda, Rieko Muramatsu, Noriko Maedera, Yoshihisa Koyama, Machika Hamaguchi, Harutoshi Fujimura, Mari Yoshida, Morichika Konishi, Nobuyuki Itoh, Hideki Mochizuki, Toshihide Yamashita
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2017)

Demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) leads to severe neurological deficits that can be partially reversed by spontaneous remyelination. Because the CNS is isolated from the peripheral milieu by the blood-brain barrier, remyelination is thought to be controlled by the CNS microenvironment. However, in this work we found that factors derived from peripheral tissue leak into the CNS after injury and promote remyelination in a murine model of toxin-induced demyelination. Mechanistically, leakage of circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which is predominantly expressed by the pancreas, drives proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) through interactions with β-klotho, an essential coreceptor of FGF21. We further confirmed that human OPCs expressed β-klotho and proliferated in response to FGF21 in vitro. Vascular barrier disruption is a common feature of many CNS disorders; thus, our findings reveal a potentially important role for the peripheral milieu in promoting CNS regeneration.