tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTU-054 Out of hours colonoscopy-are we compromising on quality?
Authors: MP Mothey, J schembri, M Thoufeeq
Journal: Gut (2017)

Introduction  Endoscopy units nationwide are now offering out of hours (OOH) endoscopy as a means of dealing with ever increasing service demands. It is known that quality of colonoscopy can vary with timing throughout the day and there is a paucity of data regarding quality of OOH procedures 1,2 . Our aim was to investigate the quality of colonoscopies carried out during evening and Saturday lists at Sheffield teaching hospitals (STH) since the introduction of OOH services.  Method  We retrospectively collected and analysed demographical and procedure related data for non-bowel cancer screening colonoscopies performed between November 2015 to October 2016. Procedures were grouped according to the day of the week and timing of session (am, pm and evening). Kleanprep was used as bowel preparation in the vast majority of procedures. Bowel preparation was recorded at the time of endoscopy according to the Aronchick scale and classified as adequate (excellent/good) or inadequate (fair/poor) for the purpose of statistical analysis.  Results  Out of the 5150 colonoscopies that were carried out 2487 were male and 2663 were females. Table 1 summarises the differences between routine and OOH colonoscopy. It is our unit’s policy not to book patients older than 65 years of age on evening and Saturday lists and this resulted in a significantly lower mean age. Quality of bowel preparation was significantly lower in morning sessions, including Saturdays compared to afternoon and evenings however this did not translate into any significant difference between polyp detection rates (PDR). Caecal intubation rate (CIR) was slightly higher on Saturdays however this did not reach statistical significance.  Conclusion  From our experience quality of OOH colonoscopy including Saturdays is comparable to that of routine lists and is an effective means of reducing waiting list pressures. A possible explanation for the better bowel preparation seen in afternoon and evening lists could be the use of split dosing which hasn’t been introduced yet for morning procedures in our centre.  References  . Teng TY, Khor SN, Kailasam M, Cheah WK, Lau CC. Morning colonoscopies are associated with improved adenoma detection rates. Surg Endosc. 2016May;30(5):1796–803.  . Subramanian S, Psarelli EE, Collins P, Haslam N, O’Toole P, Lombard M, Sarkar S. Colonoscopy performance is stable during the course of an extended three-session working day. Endosc Int Open. 2015 Oct;3(5):E494–500.  Disclosure of Interest  None Declared
New Criteria Needed for Antisynthetase Syndrome
Authors: Santos Castañeda, Lorenzo Cavagna, Miguel A. González-Gay
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Biomarker-Based Therapy in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: An Emerging Reality?
Authors: Benjamin A. Krantz, Eileen M. O'Reilly
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2017)

Over the last decade, many of the major solid organ cancers have seen improvements in survival due to development of novel therapeutics and corresponding biomarkers that predict treatment efficacy or resistance. In contrast, favorable outcomes remain challenging in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), in part related to the lack of validated biomarkers for patient and treatment selection and thus optimal clinical decision-making. Increasingly, however, therapeutic development for PDAC is accompanied by bioassays to evaluate response and to study mechanism of actions with a corresponding increase in the number of trials in mid to late stage with integrated biomarkers. In addition, blood-based biomarkers that provide a measure of disease activity and allow for minimally invasive tumor analyses are emerging, including circulating tumor DNA, exosomes, and circulating tumor cells. In this article, we review potential biomarkers for currently approved therapies as well as emerging biomarkers for therapeutics under development. Clin Cancer Res; 24(10); 2241-50. ©2017 AACR.
Machine Learning and the Prediction of Hydrocephalus
Authors: Peter A. Chiarelli, Jason S. Hauptman, Samuel R. Browd
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Human ESC–derived retinal epithelial cell sheets potentiate rescue of photoreceptor cell loss in rats with retinal degeneration
Authors: Karim Ben M’Barek, Walter Habeler, Alexandra Plancheron, Mohamed Jarraya, Florian Regent, Angélique Terray, Ying Yang, Laure Chatrousse, Sophie Domingues, Yolande Masson, José-Alain Sahel, Marc Peschanski, Olivier Goureau, Christelle Monville
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2017)

Human ESC–derived retinal pigment epithelial cell sheets are more effective than cell suspensions at rescuing photoreceptor cell loss in rats with retinal dystrophy.
Blood biomarkers for brain injury in concussed professional ice hockey players : correction
Authors: Pashtun Shahim, Yelverton Tegner, David H. Wilson, Jeffrey Randall, Tobias Skillbäck, David Pazooki, Birgitta Kallberg, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2014)

Reports an error in 'Blood biomarkers for brain injury in concussed professional ice hockey players' by Pashtun Shahim, Yelverton Tegner, David H. Wilson, Jeffrey Randall, Tobias Skillback, David P ...
Successful haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a case of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis due to GM-CSF receptor deficiency
Authors: Marie-Louise Frémond, Alice Hadchouel, Cyril Schweitzer, Laureline Berteloot, Julie Bruneau, Cécile Bonnet, Guilhem Cros, Coralie Briand, Alessandra Magnani, Cécile Pochon, Christophe Delacourt, Marina Cavazzana, Despina Moshous, Alain Fischer, Stéphane Blanche, Jacques De Blic, Bénédicte Neven
Journal: Thorax (2017)

A 1.5-year-old girl was referred to the
Increased <sup> 68</sup>Ga-DOTATATE uptake in PET imaging to discriminate meningioma and tumor-free tissue.
Authors: Joerg Tonn, Walter Rachinger, Niklas Thon, Nicole Terpolilli, Alexander Haug, Lorenz Ertl, Julia Poeschl, Ulrich Schueller, Christian Schichor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e13020 Background: The somatostatin receptor II (SRII) analogue [68Ga]-DOTATATE has recently been used for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of meningiomas. This prospective study is the first one to provide a spatially precise histopathological analysis of SRII expression using [68Ga]-DOTATATE-PET-guided biopsies in meningiomas. Methods: Adult patients with primary or recurrent intracranial meningiomas were included. PET analysis included calculation of the maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and [68Ga]-DOTATATE-PET integrated into neuronavigation with intraoperative computed tomography (iCT) were used for a navigated tissue sampling procedure. Histopathological analysis included SRII expression. Results: 21 patients (12x primary and 9x recurrent meningiomas including 2 with previous radiosurgery; median age 51 years) were included. 81/115 samples displayed tumor, 34/115 samples showed tumorfree scar tissue or dura. A SUVmax >2.3 was significantly associated with meningioma tissue. Comparing detection of meningioma tissue with PET vs MRI, sensitivity was 90.1% vs 79.0% (p<0,05), specificity 73.5% vs 64.7% (p=0.4) and positive predictive was 89.0% vs 84.2% (p=0.3), respectively. SRII expression was exclusively found in tumor specimens. Less than 25% SRII positive tumor cells were found in 42, 25-50% positive cells in 16, 50-75% positive cells in 27, and more than 75% in 30 samples. A significant correlation was found between SUVmax and quantitative SRII expression (p<0.01). Results did not significantly differ between primary and recurrent tumors. Conclusions: Increased [68Ga]-DOTATATE uptake in PET allows a spatially precise discrimination between SRII expressing meningioma and tumorfree tissue with higher sensitivity than MRI. Thus, it may be reliably used for tailoring extent of surgical resection and planning of radiation.
Abstract 1257: Autophagy Plays Both Protective and Detrimental Roles in Post Myocardial Infarction Hearts
Authors: Hiromitsu Takagi, Shiori Kyoi, Huasheng Liu, Chiao-Po Hsu, Shumin Gao, Lin Yan, Beth Levine, Dorothy E Vatner, Stephen F Vatner, Junichi Sadoshima
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Autophagy is an important mechanism of protein degradation involving formation of double membrane vesicles termed autophagosomes and lysosomal degradation. Autophagy is activated in the heart both under basal conditions and in response to stress. During acute ischemia, autophagy is protective, but during reperfusion, it may promote cell death, suggesting that the function of autophagy is context-dependent. In order to elucidate the role of autophagy in other pathological conditions in the heart, we examined whether autophagy is activated after myocardial infarction (MI) in vivo. On Day 2, autophagosome formation, as evaluated by GFP-LC3 dots, was significantly increased in the border zone compared with the remote area (25 vs 2 dots/field, p&lt;0.05, n=5). The functional significance of autophagy was evaluated using beclin 1 +/− mice, in which autophagy is significantly attenuated due to reduced expression of Beclin 1, a critical component of the autophagic machinery. Control (WT) and beclin 1 +/− mice (3 months old) were subjected to permanent coronary artery ligation. Kaplan Meier survival analyses indicated that the rate of mortality was significantly greater in WT (4 out of 13) than in beclin 1 +/− (0 out of 11) mice (p&lt;0.05) at early stages (0 –11 days), whereas there was no significant difference in mortality at later stages (11–29 days), suggesting that inhibition of autophagy is protective during early stages of MI. After 4 weeks, beclin 1 +/− mice exhibited larger LV myocyte cross sectional areas in remote areas (254 vs 220 μm 2 , p&lt;0.005) with greater posterior wall thickness (1.24 vs 1.11 mm, p&lt;0.05) and increased levels of cardiac myocyte apoptosis in the scar area (7.6 vs 2.8/mm 2 ) and the adjacent area (1.2 vs 0.6/mm 2 ) compared with WT mice. These results suggest that suppression of autophagy at late stages of MI promotes apoptosis and hypertrophy, and may be detrimental. In summary, autophagy is induced in the heart after MI and exhibits time-dependent functions. Although autophagy is detrimental at early (within 11 days) stages of MI, it may inhibit cardiac remodeling, and, thus, is protective during chronic stages.
Optogenetic termination of atrial fibrillation in mice
Authors: Tobias Bruegmann, Thomas Beiert, Christoph C Vogt, Jan W Schrickel, Philipp Sasse
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2017)

The primary goal in the treatment of symptomatic atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF) is to restore sinus rhythm by cardioversion. Electrical shocks are highly effective, but have to be applied under analgo-sedation and can further harm the heart. In order to develop a novel pain-free and less harmful approach, we explored herein the optogenetic cardioversion by light-induced depolarization.Hearts from mice expressing Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) and the AF-promoting loss-of-function Connexin 40 Ala96Ser mutation were explanted and perfused with low K+ Tyrode's solution and an atrial KATP-channel activator. This new protocol shortened atrial refractoriness as well as slowed atrial conduction and thereby enabled the induction of sustained AF. AF episodes could be terminated by epicardial illumination of the atria with focussed blue light (470 nm, 0.4 mW/mm2) with an efficacy of ∼97% (n = 17 hearts). In > 80% of cases, light directly terminated the AF episode with onset of illumination. Because similar illumination intensity was able to locally inhibit atrial activity, we propose that a light-induced block of electrical activity is responsible for reliable AF termination. The success rate was strongly depending on the illuminated area, applied light intensity and duration of illumination. Importantly, we were also able to demonstrate optogenetic termination of AF in vivo, using epicardial illumination through the open chest (n = 3 hearts). To point towards a translational potential, we systemically injected an adeno-associated virus to express ChR2 in wild type hearts. After 6-8 months, we found robust ChR2 expression in the atria, enabling light-mediated AF termination in six of seven mice tested.We provide the first evidence for optogenetic termination of atrial tachyarrhythmia in intact hearts from transgenic as well as wild type mice ex and in vivo. Thus, this report could lay the foundation for the development of implantable devices for pain-free termination of AF.
Prognostic markers for colorectal cancer: estimating ploidy and stroma
Authors: H.E. Danielsen, T.S. Hveem, E. Domingo, M. Pradhan, A. Kleppe, R.A. Syvertsen, I. Kostolomov, J.A. Nesheim, H.A. Askautrud, A. Nesbakken, R.A. Lothe, A. Svindland, N. Shepherd, M. Novelli, E. Johnstone, I. Tomlinson, R. Kerr, D.J. Kerr
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)

BackgroundWe report here the prognostic value of ploidy and digital tumour-stromal morphometric analyses using material from 2624 patients with early stage colorectal cancer (CRC).Patients and methodsDNA content (ploidy) and stroma-tumour fraction were estimated using automated digital imaging systems and DNA was extracted from sections of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue for analysis of microsatellite instability. Samples were available from 1092 patients recruited to the QUASAR 2 trial and two large observational series (Gloucester, n = 954; Oslo University Hospital, n = 578). Resultant biomarkers were analysed for prognostic impact using 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) as the clinical end point.ResultsPloidy and stroma-tumour fraction were significantly prognostic in a multivariate model adjusted for age, adjuvant treatment, and pathological T-stage in stage II patients, and the combination of ploidy and stroma-tumour fraction was found to stratify these patients into three clinically useful groups; 5-year CSS 90% versus 83% versus 73% [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.77 (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.13–2.77) and HR = 2.95 (95% CI: 1.73–5.03), P < 0.001].ConclusionA novel biomarker, combining estimates of ploidy and stroma-tumour fraction, sampled from FFPE tissue, identifies stage II CRC patients with low, intermediate or high risk of CRC disease specific death, and can reliably stratify clinically relevant patient sub-populations with differential risks of tumour recurrence and may support choice of adjuvant therapy for these individuals.
Low skeletal muscle density as predictive for febrile neutropenia in patients treated by doxorubicin/trabectedin/pegfilgrastim combination as a first-line treatment of advanced or metastatic leiomyosarcoma (LMS) (LMS02 study).
Authors: Sami Antoun, Anne Floquet, Nicolas Penel, Corinne Delcambre, Christine Chevreau, Didier Cupissol, Jerome Alexandre, Florence Duffaud, Benjamin Lacas, Patricia Pautier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e20640 Background: Studies have shown that skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and skeletal muscle densities (SMD) are associated to chemotherapy toxicity. In 110 patients treated with a combination of doxorubicine (doxo) and trabectedin (trab), neutropenia and febrile neutropenia are still observed despite the use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) (ASCO 2013; abstract 10505). Our aim was to analyze whether SMM or SMD are predictive of febrile neutropenia. Methods: SMM and SMD were assessed with computed tomography (CT) imaging before treatment by measuring cross-sectional areas of the tissues for SMM and the mean muscle Hounsfield Units (HU) for SMD. SMD assessed by this method reflects fatty muscle infiltration with lower mean HU reflecting lower density, and more fatty infiltration. Toxicity profile was collected for all cycles. Therefore severe toxicity is defined as any grade 3 or 4 toxicity. The cut-off level which predicts the occurrence of toxicity most accurately was deduced from the receiver operating characteristic curve (for SMD the value is: 37.1 HU). Pts received doxo 60 mg/m2 followed by trab 1.1 mg/m2 IV in 3-h at day 1, and pegfilgrastim 6 mg on day 2 every 21 days for a maximum of 6 cycles. Results: 55 pts were included (46 females and 9 males), with median age of 58 years, 27 pts with uterine LMS and 28 with soft tissue LMS were analyzed. Only 2 pts had an ECOG PS score >1. Pts received a total of 285 cycles with a median of 6 cycles per pt. Pts with a low density (SMD <37.1) had a higher probability of febrile neutropenia (8/19; 42%) than pts with a SMD > 37.1 (6/36; 17%) (p=0.05). No association between toxicity and SMM was found. Conclusions: Despite the use of GCSF, febrile neutropenia is observed in pts treated with doxo + trab. In this pilot study including a few pts, muscle density has been found to be associated with a high probability of febrile neutropenia. These interesting results need to be confirmed. They might highlight the concept of “frailty” i.e. a group of non-oncologic parameters associated with a higher susceptibility to events.
Response to: ‘Antisynthetase syndrome or what else? Different perspectives indicate the need for new classification criteria’ by Cavagna<i>et al</i>
Authors: James B Lilleker, Jiri Vencovsky, Guochun Wang, Lucy R Wedderburn, Louise P Diederichsen, Jens Schmidt, Paula Jordan, Olivier Benveniste, Maria Giovanna Danieli, Katalin Dankó, Nguyen Thi Phuong Thuy, Monica Vázquez-Del Mercado, Helena Andersson, Boel De Paepe, Jan L De Bleecker, Britta Maurer, Liza J McCann, Nicolo Pipitone, Neil McHugh, Zoe Betteridge, Paul New, Robert G Cooper, William E Ollier, Janine A Lamb, Niels Steen Krogh, Ingrid E Lundberg, Hector Chinoy
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

We thank Cavagna et al 1 for their thoughtful analysis relating to our recent publication.2 Several important points are raised, many of which we also referred to. It is of great interest and reassurance that the demographics and clinical features of antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) are broadly similar between the AENEAS (American and European NEtwork of Anti-Synthetase syndrome) and EuroMyositis cohorts. Clearly the frequency of interstitial lung disease and arthritis differs due to the sources of case ascertainment. This highlights …
Successful ex-vivo normothermic oxygenated machine perfusion of human donor livers
Authors: Janske Reiling, David S. Lockwood, Andrew H. Simpson, Catherine M. Campbell, Kim Bridle, Nishreen Santrampurwala, Laurence J. Britton, Darrell H. Crawford, Cornelis H. Dejong, Jonathan Fawcett
Journal: Hepatology (2014)
Breast cancer in young women age 35 and under: Patterns of care and outcome.
Authors: Georgeta Fried, Maria Pashchak
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e11534 Background: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies among women but less than 2% occur in women younger than 35 years. It has been suggested that BC in young (YBC) patients (pts) may be biologically different than in other age groups.The aim of this study was to review our experience on treating YBC pts diagnosed 35 years of age and under. Methods: Between 1/2000 and 12/2010. 132 YBC pts aged 35 years and under were treated in our oncological department. Pts characteristics, treatment related data, pattern of relapse and survival were collected from hospital files. Results: Mean age at diagnosis was 31(range 24-35)46; family history of malignancy was reported as follow: BC 34% pts, ovary cancer 2.3 % and other malignancies 35.6 %. BRCA 1/2 Ashkenazi's mutations were detected in 24.5% pts. The diagnosis was done due to a palpable lump in 89.4%of cases. The mammography was pathological in 58.3% and ultrasonography in 78.5% of cases .Surgical treatment was lumpectomy 55.3% pts vs. 40% mastectomy.4.7% presented with metastatic disease and 56% with positive lymph nodes.Hormon receptors were positive in 60.6% pts ,HER2 pos 32.6%, TNC 19% and 44.7% pts presented with grade 3 histology.Chemotherapy was given neoadjuvant for 21.6% and 77.3% pts received adjuvant chemotherapy. Risk reduction surgeries: 45 % from YBC pts treated with mastectomy underwent contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) and 17.3% bilateral salpingo oophorectomy (BSO) .The median follow up was 6.5yrs and 9% pts developed local recurrence, 23% distant metastasis and 7% contralateral breast cancer. Five yrs survival was 87.2% and 5yrs DFS 78 %. Conclusions: YBC in our experience presented with high percentage of family history of malignancy, BRCA 1/2 mutations and more aggressive disease: Her2 positive, grade 3 and TNC. The great majority were treated with chemotherapy: adjuvant or neoadjuvant. Despite of the young age and poor prognostic factors the 5 yrs survival is comparable to data from literature for BC pts.