tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Zika and the Eye: Pieces of a Puzzle
Authors: João Rafael de Oliveira Dias, Camila V. Ventura, Bruno de Paula Freitas, Juliana Prazeres, Liana O. Ventura, Vasco Bravo-Filho, Tomas Aleman, Albert Icksang Ko, Andréa Zin, Rubens Belfort, Mauricio Maia
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2018)
Sarcopenia in Resected NSCLC: Effect on Postoperative Outcomes
Authors: Ryota Nakamura, Yoshihisa Inage, Rika Tobita, Satoshi Yoneyama, Takeshi Numata, Kyoko Ota, Hidetoshi Yanai, Takeo Endo, Yukinori Inadome, Shingo Sakashita, Hiroaki Satoh, Kenji Yuzawa, Toru Terashima
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2018)
Outcomes of locoregional treatment for unifocal progression in widespread metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors.
Authors: Taymeyah E. Al-Toubah, Mauro Cives, Daniel A. Anaya, Heloisa P. Soares, Jonathan R. Strosberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

472 Background: New systemic treatments have improved the therapeutic landscape for patients with progressive, metastatic GEP-NETs. While drugs such as everolimus are appropriate for patients with widespread disease progression, local treatment approaches may be more appropriate for patients with unifocal progression. Surgical resection, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), hepatic arterial embolization (HAE), or radiation, can control discrete sites of progression, allowing patients to continue their existing therapy, and sparing them toxicities of a new systemic treatment. Methods: We reviewed records of patients treated at a large referral center to identify patients seen between 1/2014 and 5/2017 with metastatic GEP-NETs who underwent a local treatment for focal progression. Patients undergoing lobar HAE or cytoreductive hepatic surgery were not included. The primary endpoint was time to new systemic therapy. Secondary endpoints included time to any additional intervention (systemic or local), progression free survival, and side effects of treatment. Results: 59 patients were identified who underwent a form of local treatment for a progressive metastatic tumor in the setting of widespread metastases. 27% underwent resection, 29% RFA, 25% external beam radiation, and 19% selective HAE. With a median follow-up of 17 months, 19 patients (32.2%) eventually progressed to the extent that they received salvage systemic treatment. 6 patients (10.2%) progressed and received further local treatment. Median time to new systemic treatment was 42 months (95% CI, 9.7-74.3 months). Median time to any additional intervention was 21 months (95% CI, 11.4-30.6 months). 4 patients died, all of whom had progressed and received further systemic treatment. Conclusions: We identified a large cohort of patients with metastatic GEP-NETs who underwent a local treatment for unifocal progression in the setting of widespread metastases. Control of local sites of progression enabled the majority of patients to remain on their existing systemic treatment and avoid potential toxicities associated with salvage systemic therapy.
Genetic profile of polyps and risk of advanced metachronous lesions.
Authors: Oscar Murcia, Miriam Juárez, Maria Rodriguez-Soler, Eva Hernández-Illán, Cecilia Egoavil, Mar Giner-Calabuig, Miren Alustiza, Cristina Alenda, Carolina Mangas, Araceli García, José Ramón Aparicio, Francisco Antonio Ruiz, Juan Francisco Martínez, Juan Antonio Casellas, José Luís Soto, Pedro Zapater, Rodrigo Jover
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

555 Background: The role of genetic profile of polyps to predict advanced metachronous lesions (AML) remains unknown. The aim is to study the relation between genetic profile of polyps and both risk of AMLs and time to develop them in surveillance. Methods: 308 patients with colonic polyps were consecutively enrolled between 2007 and 2009 for this cohort study, and followed up to 2014 (median 26 months, range 63). Variables as age, sex, smoking, weight, number of colonoscopies and number and characteristics of polyps were collected. 995 polyps were analyzed for somatic mutations on BRAF and KRAS genes using allelic discrimination by real-time PCR and direct DNA sequenciation, respectively. High level of methylation on CpG islands (CIMP-H) was also tested using MS-MLPA. AML was defined by a size higher than 9mm, high grade dysplasia or villous component. Risk of developing AML for individual genetic markers was studied using Chi-square tests and logistic regression. Log-rank test with Kaplan Meier survival curves and Cox-regression model were also performed. Multivariate analysis were adjusted by sex, age, familial colorectal cancer, smoking and features of AML in first colonoscopy. Results: 21% of polyps in first colonoscopy were CIMP-H. KRAS and BRAF mutations accounted for 25% and 17% of polyps, respectively. In univariate analysis, KRAS-mutated polyps were related to higher risk of AML in surveillance (52% KRAS-mutated polyps vs 31% non-mutated; p = 0.01). Similar results were obtained regarding CIMP-H (77% CIMP-H polyps vs 38% non-CIMP; p = 0.005). Logistic regression showed CIMP-H as the unique genetic marker of risk for AML (OR 11.41, 95% CI 2.04-63.70; p = 0.006). Regarding time to develop AML, shorter intervals were found related to CIMP-H (median of 31 vs 48 months in non-CIMP-H; p = 0.002) and KRAS-mutations (median of 36 vs 49 months in non-mutated; p = 0.029) in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis highlighted CIMP-H as the unique independent marker associated to shorter time to develop AML (HR 4.01, 95% CI 1.36-10.46; p = 0.01). Conclusions: Presence of CIMP-H in polyps associates higher risk of subsequent AML and shorter interval to their development. Genetic profile of polyps emerges as useful tool for colonoscopy surveillance.
P268Sex differences in age-related AMPK-Sirt1 axis alteration in human heart
Authors: M L Barcena De Arellano, S Pozdniakova, P Karkacas, A Kuehl, I Baczko, Y Ladilov, V Regitz-Zagrosek
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)

glibenclamide group (n¼11) spontaneously defibrillated within the time analyzed (v 2 (2)¼26,456, p<0.001).Conclusion: Activation of IKATP exerts arrhythmogenic and deleterious electrophysiological effects during normoxia and ischemic conditions.Blockade of KATP channels during ischemia has shown antiarrythmic properties.The electrophysiological effects of training on the events analyzed do not seem to be mediated by KATP opening.Further research must be taken in order to clarify the role of KATP chanels in the protective mechanisms elicited by physical training.
Long-Term Effectiveness of Sigmoidoscopy Screening on Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Women and Men
Authors: Øyvind Holme, Magnus Løberg, Mette Kalager, Michael Bretthauer, Miguel A. Hernán, Eline Aas, Tor J. Eide, Eva Skovlund, Jon Lekven, Jörn Schneede, Kjell Magne Tveit, Morten Vatn, Giske Ursin, Geir Hoff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

The long-term effects of sigmoidoscopy screening on colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality in women and men are unclear.To determine the effectiveness of flexible sigmoidoscopy screening after 15 years of follow-up in women and men.Randomized controlled trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00119912).Oslo and Telemark County, Norway.Adults aged 50 to 64 years at baseline without prior CRC.Screening (between 1999 and 2001) with flexible sigmoidoscopy with and without additional fecal blood testing versus no screening. Participants with positive screening results were offered colonoscopy.Age-adjusted CRC incidence and mortality stratified by sex.Of 98 678 persons, 20 552 were randomly assigned to screening and 78 126 to no screening. Adherence rates were 64.7% in women and 61.4% in men. Median follow-up was 14.8 years. The absolute risks for CRC in women were 1.86% in the screening group and 2.05% in the control group (risk difference, -0.19 percentage point [95% CI, -0.49 to 0.11 percentage point]; HR, 0.92 [CI, 0.79 to 1.07]). In men, the corresponding risks were 1.72% and 2.50%, respectively (risk difference, -0.78 percentage point [CI, -1.08 to -0.48 percentage points]; hazard ratio [HR], 0.66 [CI, 0.57 to 0.78]) (P for heterogeneity = 0.004). The absolute risks for death from CRC in women were 0.60% in the screening group and 0.59% in the control group (risk difference, 0.01 percentage point [CI, -0.16 to 0.18 percentage point]; HR, 1.01 [CI, 0.77 to 1.33]). The corresponding risks for death from CRC in men were 0.49% and 0.81%, respectively (risk difference, -0.33 percentage point [CI, -0.49 to -0.16 percentage point]; HR, 0.63 [CI, 0.47 to 0.83]) (P for heterogeneity = 0.014).Follow-up through national registries.Offering sigmoidoscopy screening in Norway reduced CRC incidence and mortality in men but had little or no effect in women.Norwegian government and Norwegian Cancer Society.
Treatment of adolescent obesity
Authors: Katharine S. Steinbeck, Natalie B. Lister, Megan L. Gow, Louise A. Baur
Journal: Nature Reviews Endocrinology (2018)

The increased prevalence of adolescent obesity and associated short-term and long-term complications emphasize the need for effective treatment. In this Review, we aim to describe the evidence for, and elements of, behaviour management and adjunctive therapies and highlight the opportunities and challenges presented by obesity management in adolescence. The broad principles of treatment include management of obesity-associated complications; a developmentally appropriate approach; long-term behaviour modification (dietary change, increased physical activity, decreased sedentary behaviours and improved sleep patterns); long-term weight maintenance strategies; and consideration of the use of pharmacotherapy, more intensive dietary therapies and bariatric surgery. Bariatric surgery should be considered in those with severe obesity and be undertaken by skilled bariatric surgeons affiliated with teams experienced in the medical and psychosocial management of adolescents. Adolescent obesity management strategies are more reliant on active participation than those for childhood obesity and should recognize the emerging autonomy of the patient. The challenges in adolescent obesity relate primarily to the often competing demands of developing autonomy and not yet having attained neurocognitive maturity. The prevalence of obesity in adolescents is increasing, and the management of these patients presents unique challenges not seen in adults. Here, Baur and colleagues review the different options for treating obesity in adolescents.
Abstract 14819: Myeloid Cell-Specific Runx2 Deficiency Exacerbates Adverse Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Moe Ashizuka, Shouhei Kumagai, Emiko Yanase, Masanori Obana, Makiko Maeda, Yasushi Sakata, Hiroyuki Nakayama, Yasushi Fujio
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background and Objective: Runx2 was originally identified as a transcriptional factor that is responsible for osteoblast differentiation. Accumulating evidence has reported that Runx2 plays importa...
Propensity score matched comparison of intermediate-intensity chemotherapy induction versus intensive chemotherapy induction in elderly patients (age ≥ 60) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Authors: Koichi Takahashi, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Farhad Ravandi, Guillermo Garcia-Manero, Gautam Borthakur, Tapan M. Kadia, Courtney Denton Dinardo, Elias Jabbour, Marina Konopleva, Michael Andreeff, Jorge E. Cortes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

7097 Background: A majority of patients (pts) with AML age ≥ 60 are unable to tolerate intensive chemotherapy (IC) induction. Front-line therapy with clofarabine plus low dose cytarabine (CLDA) has been used for this subset of pts. We hypothesized that CLDA provides equivalent outcome on elderly pts with AML compared to conventional IC induction with less toxicity. Methods: Previously untreated pts with AML, age ≥ 60, who received front-line therapy between 2002 and 2012 by one of the following regimens were matched by the propensity score to adjust confounding factors: 1) clofarabine plus low-dose cytarabine (CLDA group: N = 142) or 2) idarubicin plus high-dose cytarabine (IA group: N = 104). Results: Propensity matching resulted in 66 pts from each group to be matched for their pre-treatment characteristics including age, performance status (PS), organ function and cytogenetics. Response rate (achieving complete remission [CR] within 2 courses of induction) was similar between 2 groups (CLDA vs. IA, 59% vs. 53%, P = 0.48). Mortality at 4 and 8 weeks were similar between 2 groups (CLDA vs. IA, 5% vs. 11% at 4 weeks and 14% vs. 15% at 8 weeks, P = 0.32 and 0.80, respectively). The median hospital stay during induction was similar between 2 groups (CLDA vs. IA, 27 vs. 26 days, P = 0.15). Comparable proportion of pts were bridged to stem cell transplant during 1st CR (CLDA vs. IA, 6% vs. 5%, P = 1.00). The median overall survival (OS) was similar between 2 groups (CLDA vs. IA, 11.4 months [95% CI: 7.0-15.8] vs. 10.4 months [95% CI: 4.9-15.9], P = 0.60). In an analysis sub-grouped by clinical characteristics, no difference in OS was observed between 2 groups in any of the subgroups. Multivariate analysis for OS showed that adverse risk cytogenetics, age ≥ 70, bone marrow blast > 30%, and PS > 2 adversely affected OS but induction regimen did not affect OS. Conclusions: Induction therapy with CLDA showed equivalent response rate and OS in pts with AML age ≥ 60 compared to conventional IC induction. Intensity of induction in elderly AML pts may be attenuated without compromising outcome. Prospective randomized trial to confirm these findings is warranted.
Abstract 18179: Predictors of Incident Pacemaker Implantation in the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT)
Authors: Thomas A Dewland, Jose-Miguel Yamal, Elsayed Z Soliman, Barry R Davis, Jared W Magnani, Linda B Piller, L. Julian Haywood, Hannah E Pervin, Alvaro Alonso, Christine M Albert, Gregory M Marcus
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Although permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation is common, predictors of this procedure have not been well studied. We therefore sought to identify characteristics that predict PPM im...
Safety and efficacy of eculizumab in Guillain-Barré syndrome: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised phase 2 trial
Authors: Sonoko Misawa, Satoshi Kuwabara, Yasunori Sato, Nobuko Yamaguchi, Kengo Nagashima, Kanako Katayama, Yukari Sekiguchi, Yuta Iwai, Hiroshi Amino, Tomoki Suichi, Takanori Yokota, Yoichiro Nishida, Tadashi Kanouchi, Nobuo Kohara, Michi Kawamoto, Junko Ishii, Motoi Kuwahara, Hidekazu Suzuki, Koichi Hirata, Norito Kokubun, Ray Masuda, Juntaro Kaneko, Ichiro Yabe, Hidenao Sasaki, Ken-ichi Kaida, Hiroshi Takazaki, Norihiro Suzuki, Shigeaki Suzuki, Hiroyuki Nodera, Naoko Matsui, Shoji Tsuji, Haruki Koike, Ryo Yamasaki, Susumu Kusunoki, S Misawa, S Kuwabara, Y Sato, N Yamaguchi, K Nagashima, K Katayama, Y Sekiguchi, Y Iwai, H Amino, T Suichi, T Yokota, Y Nishida, T Kanouchi, N Kohara, M Kawamoto, J Ishii, M Kuwahara, H Suzuki, K Hirata, N Kokubun, R Masuda, J Kaneko, I Yabe, H Sasaki, K Kaida, H Takazaki, N Suzuki, S Suzuki, H Nodera, N Matsui, S Tsuji, H Koike, R Yamasaki, S Kusunoki, T Nagashima, T Shimizu, M Hirotani, M Kadoya, J Nakahara, J Shimizu, M Tanaka, G Sobue, M Katsuno, H Yamaguchi, H Ogata
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2018)
Abstract 82: Continuous Automated Analysis During Ongoing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Identifies Rhythms that Convert to Pulsatile Rhythms
Authors: Michael Nakagawa, Stacy Gehman
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Introduction Current resuscitation guidelines were designed to reduce “no flow” time during a resuscitation attempt. However, shocks delivered within 30 seconds of fibrillation onset show higher rates of conversion to pulsatile rhythms (PR); therefore, shortened chest compression durations may benefit refibrillation (refib) cases. Continuous ECG Rhythm analysis during resuscitation attempts, including during CPR, could guide rescuers to deliver early shocks when appropriate, while continuing CPR otherwise. Hypothesis We assessed if a standard AED rhythm analysis algorithm combined with a measurement of myocardial “vigor” could detect shockable rhythms that convert to PR, regardless of ongoing CPR. Methods All delivered shocks (n=954) in a previously described annotated database of records from 165 patients (three EMS systems and two hospitals in five countries) were examined for cases that generated PR (n=64, #pts=27) and for cases of refib (n=323, #pts=87). The period between shocks was analyzed with an AED shock/no-shock algorithm combined with a score related to VF slope and amplitude in a single measure of VF vigor. For refib, detection was considered true positive for rhythms that converted to PR after the next shock if identified 15 seconds prior through 30 seconds after the annotation of refib onset, and false positive if more than 15 seconds preceding onset. Results Of the 64 shocks that converted to PR, 81% (n=51) followed refib that started after the preceding shock, while only 19% (n=12) were fibrillation cases refractory to the previous shock. Excluding two cases with insufficient data to analyze, 48 refib cases that generated PR, after a subsequent shock, were detected within 30 seconds of onset (98% sensitivity). Eleven patients showed false positive detections (87% specificity). Conclusions Automated ECG rhythm analysis can identify onset of refibrillation with high likelihood of PR while avoiding stoppage of CPR for unresponsive rhythms.
Blast phase chronic myelomonocytic leukemia: Mayo-MDACC collaborative study of 171 cases
Authors: Mrinal M. Patnaik, Ana A. Pierola, Rangit Vallapureddy, Fevzi F. Yalniz, Tapan M. Kadia, Elias J. Jabbour, Terra Lasho, Curtis A. Hanson, Rhett P. Ketterling, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Ayalew Tefferi, Guillermo Garcia-Manero
Journal: Leukemia (2018)
Metabolic pathways and immunometabolism in rare kidney diseases
Authors: Peter C Grayson, Sean Eddy, Jaclyn N Taroni, Yaíma L Lightfoot, Laura Mariani, Hemang Parikh, Maja T Lindenmeyer, Wenjun Ju, Casey S Greene, Brad Godfrey, Clemens D Cohen, Jeffrey Krischer, Matthias Kretzler, Peter A Merkel
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

<h3>Objectives</h3> To characterise renal tissue metabolic pathway gene expression in different forms of glomerulonephritis. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and healthy living donors (LD) were studied. Clinically indicated renal biopsies were obtained at time of diagnosis and microdissected into glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments. Microarray-derived differential gene expression of 88 genes representing critical enzymes of metabolic pathways and 25 genes related to immune cell markers was compared between disease groups. Correlation analyses measured relationships between metabolic pathways, kidney function and cytokine production. <h3>Results</h3> Reduced steady state levels of mRNA species were enriched in pathways of oxidative phosphorylation and increased in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) with maximal perturbation in AAV and SLE followed by NS, and least in LD. Transcript regulation was isozymes specific with robust regulation in hexokinases, enolases and glucose transporters. Intercorrelation networks were observed between enzymes of the PPP (eg, transketolase) and macrophage markers (eg, CD68) (r=0.49, p&lt;0.01). Increased PPP transcript levels were associated with reduced glomerular filtration rate in the glomerular (r=−0.49, p&lt;0.01) and tubulointerstitial (r=−0.41, p&lt;0.01) compartments. PPP expression and tumour necrosis factor activation were tightly co-expressed (r=0.70, p&lt;0.01). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study demonstrated concordant alterations of the renal transcriptome consistent with metabolic reprogramming across different forms of glomerulonephritis. Activation of the PPP was tightly linked with intrarenal macrophage marker expression, reduced kidney function and increased production of cytokines. Modulation of glucose metabolism may offer novel immune-modulatory therapeutic approaches in rare kidney diseases.
Impact of elevated coffee intake on the risk of advanced liver fibrosis in HIV-HCV co-infected patients of the French ANRS CO13 HEPAVIH cohort: a sex-based analysis
Authors: I. Yaya, C. Protopopescu, F. Marcellin, L. Esterle, L. Wittkop, C. Duvivier, L. Piroth, P. Sogni, D. Salmon-Ceron, M.P. Carrieri
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
In AF and HF, catheter ablation vs medical therapy reduced mortality and hospitalization for worsening HF
Authors: Brian Greet, Paul Schurmann, Anita Deswal
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

ACP Journal Club15 May 2018In AF and HF, catheter ablation vs medical therapy reduced mortality and hospitalization for worsening HFBrian Greet, MD, Paul Schurmann, MD, Anita Deswal, MD, MPHBrian Greet, MDBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (B.G., P.S.)Search for more papers by this author, Paul Schurmann, MDBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (B.G., P.S.)Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (P.S., A.D.)Search for more papers by this author, Anita Deswal, MD, MPHMichael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (P.S., A.D.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/ACPJC-2018-168-10-055 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Source CitationMarrouche NF, Brachmann J, Andresen D, et al; CASTLE-AF Investigators. Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation with heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:417-27. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29385358Clinical Impact RatingsCardiology: Reference1 January CT, Wann LS, Alpert JS, et al.; American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:e1-76. [PMID: 24685669]. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (B.G., P.S.)Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (P.S., A.D.)This article was published at Annals.org on 1 May 2018. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 15 May 2018Volume 168, Issue 10Page: JC55KeywordsAtrial fibrillationCardiac ablationCathetersHeartHeart failureHospitalizationsLeft ventricular ejection fractionMortalityPatientsTreatment guidelines ePublished: 15 May 2018 Issue Published: 15 May 2018 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2018 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...