tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Graduate Medical Education
Authors: Sarah E Brotherton, Sylvia I Etzel
Journal: JAMA (2002)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Review: Weak evidence of benefits of cannabis for chronic neuropathic pain; moderate to weak evidence of adverse effects
Authors: Harvey J. Murff
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2017)

Source Citation Nugent SM, Morasco BJ, O’Neil ME, et al. The effects of cannabis among adults with chronic pain and an overview of general harms: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167:319-31. 28806817
Maturation of hematopoietic stem cells from prehematopoietic stem cells is accompanied by up-regulation of PD-L1
Authors: Joanna Tober, Marijke M.W. Maijenburg, Yan Li, Long Gao, Brandon K. Hadland, Peng Gao, Kodai Minoura, Irwin D. Bernstein, Kai Tan, Nancy A. Speck
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2017)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) mature from pre-HSCs that originate in the major arteries of the embryo. To identify HSCs from in vitro sources, it will be necessary to refine markers of HSCs matured ex vivo. We purified and compared the transcriptomes of pre-HSCs, HSCs matured ex vivo, and fetal liver HSCs. We found that HSC maturation in vivo or ex vivo is accompanied by the down-regulation of genes involved in embryonic development and vasculogenesis, and up-regulation of genes involved in hematopoietic organ development, lymphoid development, and immune responses. Ex vivo matured HSCs more closely resemble fetal liver HSCs than pre-HSCs, but are not their molecular equivalents. We show that ex vivo–matured and fetal liver HSCs express programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). PD-L1 does not mark all pre-HSCs, but cell surface PD-L1 was present on HSCs matured ex vivo. PD-L1 signaling is not required for engraftment of embryonic HSCs. Hence, up-regulation of PD-L1 is a correlate of, but not a requirement for, HSC maturation.
The transcription factors GATA2 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor regulate Hdc gene expression in mast cells and are required for IgE/mast cell–mediated anaphylaxis
Authors: Yapeng Li, Bing Liu, Laura Harmacek, Zijie Long, Jinyi Liang, Kara Lukin, Sonia M. Leach, Brian O'Connor, Anthony N. Gerber, James Hagman, Axel Roers, Fred D. Finkelman, Hua Huang
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2017)
Attempts to ban seven words at CDC are condemned by public health advocates
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Public health advocates have criticised attempts by the Trump administration to restrain or ban the use of “fetus,” “evidence based” medicine, and five other words at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the US health protection agency.

Officials at the agency, however, defended the move saying that it was not censorship but guidance on language that might be most effective in dealing with conservatives in Congress.

The episode began on 14 December when CDC officials were told not to use specific terms—vulnerable, entitlement, diversity, transgender, fetus, evidence based, science based—in budget …
SWI/SNF complex subunit aberrations in diverse cancers: Next-generation sequencing of 539 patients.
Authors: Roman Groisberg, David S. Hong, Filip Janku, Yunfang Jiang, ChongJuan Wei, Daniel D. Karp, Apostolia Maria Tsimberidou, Aung Naing, Kapil N. Bhalla, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Vivek Subbiah
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

2588 Background: The SWI/SNF complex is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler that is enriched at promoters and enhancers of active genes. It has been implicated as both an oncogene and tumor suppressor. Specific subunit mutations have even been associated with specific cancers with increased PRC2 component EZH2 activity. EZH2/ EED inhibitors are in early stage development to target SWI/SNF complex. Methods: We analyzed 539 consecutive patients with diverse malignancies who were referred for Phase 1 clinical trials and had CLIA certified targeted next-generation sequencing (Foundation one) for presence of aberrations in SWI/SNF complex genes (ARID1A, ARID2, PBRM1, SMARCA4, SMARCB1). Patient charts were reviewed for general demographics (sex, age at diagnosis and death, performance status), tumor histology, stage, metastatic sites, treatment history, outcomes and co-occurring alterations. Results: Fifty patients had mutations in SWI/SNF subunits. Median age at diagnosis was 56 (14-79 years) and M:F ratio 21:29. Kidney, colorectal, ovary and breast were the most common among 15 different cancers. Most were stage IV at diagnosis (68%), had a strong family history of cancer (80%) &amp; were smokers (42%). The most common mutated subunit was ARID1A (50%) followed by PBRM1 (16%), ARID2 (12%), SMARCA4 (12%), and SMARCB1 (10%). All mutations were predicted to be inactivating. Actionable co-occurring pathway alterations were found in 58% of patients, most commonly PI3K (26%), FGFR(16%), and NOTCH1/2 (10%). The majority of patients (62%) were enrolled on a clinical trial. Best responses on other targeted agents included 1 CR (BRAF V600E colon), 4 PR (transformed teratoma, skin SCC, ovarian, NSCLC), 12 SD. Exceptional responders included BRAF V600E colon cancer on BRAFi based therapy for 66 cycles, NSCLC on Nivolumab for 34 cycles, and MSI-H colon cancer on regorafenib/cetuximab for 27 cycles. Conclusions: The role of SWI/SNF in patients with extended clinical benefit from other targeted agents should be explored. Co-occurring genetic alterations are observed in PI3K, FGFR, and NOTCH pathways. Future pre-clinical and/or clinical studies could target these pathways in combination with EZH2/EED inhibitors.
Exhalation Delivery System with Fluticasone (EDS-FLU) Improves Outcomes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis without Nasal Polyps (CRSsNP) in Patients With or Without Recent Intranasal Steroid Use
Authors: John C. Messina, Iftikhar Hussain, Jennifer L. Carothers, Emmanuel M. Mahlis, Ramy A. Mahmoud
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
An empirical study of defense mechanisms in dysthymia
Authors: A L Bloch, M K Shear, J C Markowitz, A C Leon, J C Perry
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1993)

The psychodynamic approach to understanding dysthymia has rarely been empirically tested. In this pilot study the Defense Mechanism Rating Scales were used to examine psychodynamic data from patients with dysthymia and patients with panic disorder in order to test the hypotheses that 1) dysthymic patients would be similar to panic patients in endorsing primarily lower-maturity defense mechanisms, 2) dysthymic patients would use a distinct pattern of defense mechanisms, different from that of panic patients, and 3) dysthymic patients would endorse more frequently than panic patients four individual defenses that tend to handle anger and low self-esteem poorly: devaluation, passive aggression, projection, and hypochondriasis.Twenty-two subjects meeting the DSM-III-R criteria for primary early-onset dysthymia and 22 subjects meeting the DSM-III-R criteria for primary panic disorder were interviewed on videotape and rated on the Defense Mechanism Rating Scales.The dysthymic subjects scored significantly higher on narcissistic, disavowal, and action defense levels and on the four individual defenses of devaluation, projection, passive aggression, and hypochondriasis, as predicted, as well as on two additional defenses, acting out and projective identification. Both groups tended to use lower-maturity defense mechanisms.The defense mechanism profile identified for dysthymia differs from that for panic disorder and supports particular psychodynamic hypotheses about chronic depression. It could be useful in devising treatment strategies and as a measure of treatment efficacy.
A sensitive QPCR assay for EGFR mutation in plasma samples of NSCLC patients.
Authors: Qin Feng
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

2595 Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have improved the overall outlook and quality of life for most of EGFR mutation positive NSCLC patients. However, tumor tissues are often absent or insufficient for testing EGFR mutations to guide EGFR TKIs treatment of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). An assay that detects EGFR mutations in the plasma would provide a noninvasive technique to assess suitability for TK inhibitor therapy. The ACCB new EGFR Mutation Kit is a ARMS-PCR test for the qualitative detection of 45 mutations in exons 18, 19, 20, and 21 of the EGFR gene in DNA derived from human plasma from NSCLC patients. Methods: 10 mL tubes of blood were collected from patients who never had been treated by EGFR TKI, and plasma circulating tumor DNA were extracted from plasma by Biomark Circulating DNA Kit. Qubit 2.0 Fluorometer was used to make plasma circulating DNA tumor quantitation. The concentration of final DNA sample is ≦2ng/μl. Total, 272 plasma DNA samples from 246 lung adenocarcinoma, 23 lung squamous carcinoma and 3 lung adenosquamous carcinoma patients were collected. 104 paired tissue EGFR mutations were detected by the same kit. Results: EGFR mutation was detected in 88 from 272 plasma DNA samples, 86 lung adenocarcinoma, 1 lung squamous carcinoma, 1 lung adenosquamous carcinoma, with EGFR mutation rate were 35.0% (86/246), 4.3% (1/23), 33.3% (1/3) respectively. In 61 Ⅰ~Ⅲ and 211 Ⅳ stage NSCLC patients, EGFR mutation rate were 21.3% (13/61) and 35.5% (75/211) respectively. Conclusions: The ACCB new EGFR Mutation Kit is a sensitive, accurate, rapid, and reproducible assay capable of testing DNA extracted from human plasma from NSCLC patients.
Хронічний ендотоксикоз та його корекція у хворих на ерозивний гастродуоденіт у поєднанні з гіпертиреозом
Authors: O.M. Bilovol, O.I. Zalyubovska
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2013)

При обстеженні 40 хворих з ерозивним гастродуоденітом у поєднанні з гіпертиреозом виявлений синдром хронічного ендотоксикозу, розвиток якого обумовлений надлишковим утворенням антитиреоїдних антитіл, малонового діальдегіду та поглибленням цитокінового дисбалансу. Доведена ефективність лікувальної тактики, що була спрямована на відновлення цитокінового балансу та застосування детоксикаційної терапії ентеросорбентом із високою сорбційною ємністю.
Merkel cell carcinomas infiltrated with CD33 + myeloid cells and CD8 + T cells are associated with improved outcome
Authors: Thibault Kervarrec, Pauline Gaboriaud, Patricia Berthon, Julia Zaragoza, David Schrama, Roland Houben, Yannick Le Corre, Ewa Hainaut-Wierzbicka, Francois Aubin, Guido Bens, Jorge Domenech, Serge Guyétant, Antoine Touzé, Mahtab Samimi
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2017)
Drosophila Perpetuates Nutritional Mutualism by Promoting the Fitness of Its Intestinal Symbiont Lactobacillus plantarum
Authors: Gilles Storelli, Maura Strigini, Théodore Grenier, Loan Bozonnet, Martin Schwarzer, Catherine Daniel, Renata Matos, François Leulier
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2017)

Facultative animal-bacteria symbioses, which are critical determinants of animal fitness, are largely assumed to be mutualistic. However, whether commensal bacteria benefit from the association has not been rigorously assessed. Using a simple and tractable gnotobiotic model— Drosophila mono-associated with one of its dominant commensals, Lactobacillus plantarum—we reveal that in addition to benefiting animal growth, this facultative symbiosis has a positive impact on commensal bacteria fitness. We find that bacteria encounter a strong cost during gut transit, yet larvae-derived maintenance factors override this cost and increase bacterial population fitness, thus perpetuating symbiosis. In addition, we demonstrate that the maintenance of the association is required for achieving maximum animal growth benefits upon chronic undernutrition. Taken together, our study establishes a prototypical case of facultative nutritional mutualism, whereby a farming mechanism perpetuates animal-bacteria symbiosis, which bolsters fitness gains for both partners upon poor nutritional conditions.
Relationship between genetic variation at PPP1R3B and levels of liver glycogen and triglyceride
Authors: Stefan Stender, Eriks Smagris, Bo K. Lauridsen, Klaus F. Kofoed, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Anne Tybjærg‐Hansen, Len A. Pennacchio, Diane E. Dickel, Jonathan C. Cohen, Helen H. Hobbs
Journal: Hepatology (2017)

Genetic variation at rs4240624 on chromosome 8 is associated with an attenuated signal on hepatic computerized tomography, which has been attributed to changes in hepatic fat. The closest coding gene to rs4240624, PPP1R3B, encodes a protein that promotes hepatic glycogen synthesis. Here, we performed studies to determine whether the x-ray attenuation associated with rs4240624 is due to differences in hepatic glycogen or hepatic triglyceride content (HTGC). A sequence variant in complete linkage disequilibrium with rs4240624, rs4841132, was genotyped in the Dallas Heart Study (DHS), the Dallas Liver Study, and the Copenhagen Cohort (n = 112,428) of whom 1,539 had nonviral liver disease. The minor A-allele of rs4841132 was associated with increased hepatic x-ray attenuation (n = 1,572; P = 4 × 10-5 ), but not with HTGC (n = 2,674; P = 0.58). Rs4841132-A was associated with modest, but significant, elevations in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the Copenhagen Cohort (P = 3 × 10-4 ) and the DHS (P = 0.004), and with odds ratios for liver disease of 1.13 (95% CI, 0.97-1.31) and 1.23 (1.01-1.51), respectively. Mice lacking protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3B (PPP1R3B) were deficient in hepatic glycogen, whereas HTGC was unchanged. Hepatic overexpression of PPP1R3B caused accumulation of hepatic glycogen and elevated plasma levels of ALT, but did not change HTGC.These observations are consistent with the notion that the minor allele of rs4841132 promotes a mild form of hepatic glycogenosis that is associated with hepatic injury. (Hepatology 2018;67:2182-2195).
Abstract 20750: Synthesizing the 12-Lead Electrocardiograms by the Single-Lead ECG System-Reconstruction of Temporal Asynchronous Bipolar ECG Recordings
Authors: Chun-Yao Huang, Chen Lin, Lian-Yu Lin, Yenn-Jiang Lin, Chen-Hsu Wang, Hsiang-Chih Chang, Cyuan-Cin Liu, Chi-Ho Tseng, Men-Tzung Lo, Matthew Huei-Ming Ma
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Synthesizing 12-lead ECG from the portable system with limited leads can provide additional information of morphological changes of ECG related to cardiac diseases. To extend the usag...
Abstract 15331: Ventricular Conduction and Repolarization Prolongation Noted During Right Ventricular Pacing as Predictors of Ventricular Arrhythmias and Cardiac Mortality in Subjects With Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Freddy Del Carpio, Shahyar M Gharacholou, Christopher S Scott, Vuyisille Nkomo, Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, Samuel J Asirvatham
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Clinical predictive value of transient prolonged ventricular conduction and repolarization during right ventricular (RV) pacing have not been studied. Hypothesis: Ventricular conduction and repolarization prolongation during RV pacing predict risk of arrhythmic and mortality events. Methods: Electrophysiology studies in 501 patients with cardiomyopathy (CM) were reviewed. Duration changes of QRS and QT interval during pacing from the RV apex were measured. Subjects were followed up for a mean of 3.2 years for arrhythmic events and total mortality. Results: Participants had a mean age 65 yrs, 80% male, 74% funcional class II or III, and a mean EF of 33.1%. A paced QRS duration &gt; 190 ms was associated with more severe CM and in multi-variable analysis it was associated with a 3.5 times higher risk of ventricular arrhythmias or appropriate defibrillator therapy (HR 3.5, 95% CI 2.3-5.4, p&lt;0.01) and 2.6 times higher risk of total mortality or arrhythmic events (HR 2.6, 95% CI 2.3-3.4, p&lt;0.01) compared to a paced QRS duration &lt;190 ms, independent of baseline EF or baseline QRS duration, and after adjustment for electrophysiology study results, baseline functional class, type of cardiomyopathy and other relevant clinical factors. Similarly a QTc interval during RV pacing &gt; 620 ms was associated with a 2.7 times higher risk of arrhythmic events compared to a QTc interval during RV pacing &lt; 620 ms. Conclusions: Prolongation of ventricular conduction (QRS &gt; 190 ms) and repolarization (QTc &gt; 620 ms) observed during RV pacing in subjects with CM are associated with higher risk of arrhythmic events, defibrillator therapies and all-cause mortality.
Adult Body Mass Index (BMI) Correlates with both CD33+ monocyte iNOS responses and nitric oxide levels in vitro
Authors: Brian Goodman, Maja Nowakowski, Adam El Sehamy, Emmanuel Kwesiga, Telcan Ali Kizi, Seto M. Chice, Helen G. Durkin, Rauno Joks
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Phase 1 study of the p53-MDM2 inhibitor AMG 232 combined with trametinib plus dabrafenib or trametinib in patients (Pts) with <i>TP53</i> wild type (TP53WT) metastatic cutaneous melanoma (MCM).
Authors: Stergios J. Moschos, Shahneen Kaur Sandhu, Karl D. Lewis, Ryan J. Sullivan, Douglas Buckner Johnson, Yilong Zhang, Erik Rasmussen, Haby A. Henary, Georgina V. Long
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

2575 Background: Large sequencing studies in MCM have shown a TP53WT incidence of approximately 80%. In preclinical TP53WT melanoma models, the oral p53-MDM2 inhibitor AMG 232 exhibited synergistic, cytotoxic-type antitumor activity when combined with MAPK inhibitors. This phase 1 study assessed the toxicity (CTCAE 4.03), maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics (PK), and preliminary antitumor activity (RECIST 1.1) of AMG 232 plus trametinib (T) and dabrafenib (D) (BRAF V600-mutant ) or T (BRAF V600-WT ) in pts with TP53WT MCM. Methods: Using 3+3 dose escalation design, pts with advanced TP53WT (using a CLIA-approved assay) MCM received AMG 232 PO QD for seven days of each 3-week cycle (7/21) at 120, 240, or 480 mg plus either T 2 mg PO QD and D 150 mg PO BID (Arm 1; BRAF V600-mutant ) or T 2 mg QD (Arm 2; BRAF nonV600-mutant ). Results: At the time of this analysis, 21 pts (median age, 58 y [range 24–76]; male, n = 11; at least 2 systemic treatments, n = 15) were treated. Arm 2 enrolled first: AMG 232 120 mg (n = 6), then 240 mg (n = 6). Due to chronic grade (G) 2 gastrointestinal toxicity, an intermediate dose (180 mg; n = 3) was determined as the preliminary MTD. Arm 1 enrolled at AMG 232 120 mg (n = 4), then 180 mg (n = 2). The most common reasons for AMG 232 withdrawal were disease progression (n = 8) and AEs (n = 4); 6 pts remain on AMG 232. All 21 pts had treatment-related AEs (TRAEs); the most common TRAEs were nausea (n = 18), fatigue (n = 17), diarrhea (n = 14), and vomiting (n = 13). The only DLT (Arm 2; 240 mg) was G 3 pulmonary embolism. Preliminary PK analysis suggests that AMG 232 exposure (area under the curve) is similar to that as monotherapy at the same dose, with no apparent drug-drug interaction between AMG 232 and T; analysis of D and T PK is ongoing. Of 21 pts, 6 had partial response (Arm 1/2, n = 4 [67%]/2 [13%]), 13 had stable disease (Arm 1/2, n = 2 [33%]/11 [73%]), and 2 progressed (Arm 1/2, n = 0/2 [13%]) as best response; 17 had tumor reduction (Arm 1/2, n = 6 [100%]/11 [73%]). Conclusions: In this population of pts with MCM, AMG 232 combined with D and/or T during DE was tolerable up to 180 mg QD 7/21 days, showing an acceptable PK profile and early antitumor activity. Clinical trial information: NCT02110355.
Preliminary results of a Cancer Research UK phase I trial combining the dinitrobenzamide prodrug CB1954 (tretazicar) and the NQO2 substrate EP-0152R (caricotamide)
Authors: D Sarker, D Anderson, V J Spanswick, S Davies, R Agarwal, G Aitken, D J Kerr, J A Hartley, I Judson, M R Middleton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2008)
Canada as Single-Payer Exemplar for Universal Health Care in the United States
Authors: C. David Naylor
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
Authors: David J. Baylink
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1983)

The most surprising thing about the study by Adinoff and Hollister in this issue of the Journal is that such a study needed to be performed at all.1 It has been known for several years that supraphysiologic doses of glucocorticoids can cause osteoporosis. As long ago as 1932, Harvey Cushing noted that an excess of endogenous glucocorticoid was accompanied by osteoporosis.2 Why then was it necessary for Adinoff and Hollister to determine whether osteoporosis develops in glucocorticoid-treated asthmatics? Eight years ago, Mueller measured bone mass at the distal radius and reported that glucocorticoid therapy resulted in loss of bone in . . .