tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
South Africa 2018: Mandela’s memory and presidential prototypes for exercise interventions and implementation
Authors: Jon Patricios
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2018)

>  Even (in prison) on Robben island, I attempted to follow my old boxing routine of doing roadwork and muscle-building… On Monday through Thursday, I would do stationary running in my cell in the morning for up to forty-five minutes. I would also perform one hundred fingertip push-ups, two hundred sit-ups, fifty deep knee-bends, and various other calisthenics . Nelson Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom, 19941 

This year South African icon Nelson Mandela would have turned a hundred. International Nelson Mandela Day, a tribute to the icon’s attributes, is on 18 July. Mandela was a great advocate of exercise as part of a holistic approach to life and maintained a regular exercise routine from his days as a student, during his time in prison, throughout his political career and into retirement. As the inset on the cover of this SASMA edition illustrates, Mandela had a passion for boxing. ‘I did not enjoy the violence of boxing so much as …
Impact of gut colonization with butyrate producing microbiota on respiratory viral infection following allo-HCT
Authors: Bastiaan W. Haak, Eric R. Littmann, Jean-Luc Chaubard, Amanda J. Pickard, Emily Fontana, Fatima Adhi, Yangtsho Gyaltshen, Lilan Ling, Sejal M. Morjaria, Jonathan U. Peled, Marcel R. van den Brink, Alexander I. Geyer, Justin R. Cross, Eric G. Pamer, Ying Taur
Journal: Blood (2018)
International validation of the consensus Immunoscore for the classification of colon cancer: a prognostic and accuracy study
Authors: Franck Pagès, Bernhard Mlecnik, Florence Marliot, Gabriela Bindea, Fang-Shu Ou, Carlo Bifulco, Alessandro Lugli, Inti Zlobec, Tilman T Rau, Martin D Berger, Iris D Nagtegaal, Elisa Vink-Börger, Arndt Hartmann, Carol Geppert, Julie Kolwelter, Susanne Merkel, Robert Grützmann, Marc Van den Eynde, Anne Jouret-Mourin, Alex Kartheuser, Daniel Léonard, Christophe Remue, Julia Y Wang, Prashant Bavi, Michael H A Roehrl, Pamela S Ohashi, Linh T Nguyen, SeongJun Han, Heather L MacGregor, Sara Hafezi-Bakhtiari, Bradly G Wouters, Giuseppe V Masucci, Emilia K Andersson, Eva Zavadova, Michal Vocka, Jan Spacek, Lubos Petruzelka, Bohuslav Konopasek, Pavel Dundr, Helena Skalova, Kristyna Nemejcova, Gerardo Botti, Fabiana Tatangelo, Paolo Delrio, Gennaro Ciliberto, Michele Maio, Luigi Laghi, Fabio Grizzi, Tessa Fredriksen, Bénédicte Buttard, Mihaela Angelova, Angela Vasaturo, Pauline Maby, Sarah E Church, Helen K Angell, Lucie Lafontaine, Daniela Bruni, Carine El Sissy, Nacilla Haicheur, Amos Kirilovsky, Anne Berger, Christine Lagorce, Jeffrey P Meyers, Christopher Paustian, Zipei Feng, Carmen Ballesteros-Merino, Jeroen Dijkstra, Carlijn van de Water, Shannon van Lent-van Vliet, Nikki Knijn, Ana-Maria Mușină, Dragos-Viorel Scripcariu, Boryana Popivanova, Mingli Xu, Tomonobu Fujita, Shoichi Hazama, Nobuaki Suzuki, Hiroaki Nagano, Kiyotaka Okuno, Toshihiko Torigoe, Noriyuki Sato, Tomohisa Furuhata, Ichiro Takemasa, Kyogo Itoh, Prabhu S Patel, Hemangini H Vora, Birva Shah, Jayendrakumar B Patel, Kruti N Rajvik, Shashank J Pandya, Shilin N Shukla, Yili Wang, Guanjun Zhang, Yutaka Kawakami, Francesco M Marincola, Paolo A Ascierto, Daniel J Sargent, Bernard A Fox, Jérôme Galon
Journal: The Lancet (2018)
Abstract 15822: Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy is More Precise at 7 Tesla Field Strength Than 3 Tesla in Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Victoria Stoll, William Clarke, Eylem Levelt, Saul Myerson, Matthew Robson, Christopher Rodgers, Stefan Neubauer
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 31 P-MRS) allows insight into cardiac energetics in vivo , but is a technique with an intrinsically low signal to noise ratio (SNR). As ultra-high magnetic field MRI scanners become more widely available this limitation will lessen, allowing detection of smaller changes in metabolite concentrations or measurement of changes in smaller patient groups, which will further the understanding of cardiac energetics. Hypothesis: We hypothesised that the 2.4x increase in SNR, predicted by theory at 7T compared to 3T, will allow more precise metabolite concentration measurements in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients. Methods: 26 idiopathic DCM patients (69% male, mean age 55±2 yr, mean LVEF 35±2%) underwent 31 P-MRS at 3T and 7T field strengths. Patients were NYHA Class I (46%), II (50%) or III (4%). Results: The mean SNR increased from 6.5 ± 0.5 to 16.2 ± 1.5 for PCr (p &lt;0.0001, paired t-test) and from 3.4 ± 0.2 to 11.4 ± 0.8 for γATP (p &lt;0.0001) as the field strength increased from 3T to 7T. The PCr/ATP ratio was consistent between the 2 field strengths; at 3T PCr/ATP was 1.5 ± 0.1 and at 7T 1.5 ± 0.1; there was as expected no statistically significant difference (p=0.67) (fig a). The Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLB) quantify the minimum precision of fitted parameters. A desirable decrease in the PCr/ATP CRLB was seen from 3T to 7T (47 ± 3% vs 25 ± 2% p&lt;0.0001)(fig b), i.e.-metabolites are indeed quantified more precisely at 7T compared to 3T. Conclusion: This study represents the first cardiac 31 P-MRS patient data acquired at a 7T field strength. Compared to a 2.8x SNR increase from 3T to 7T previously reported in normal volunteers, we observed a 2.5x increase in this patient population. There is no significant bias at 7T as the PCr/ATP ratios are similar. In conclusion 7T 31 P-MRS is feasible in DCM patients and more accurate than at 3T, which in future should allow more accurate quantification and understanding of myocardial energetics.
Caitlyn Jenner talks to <i>BMJ</i> editor: Doctors have “come a long way”
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Before she transitioned to being a woman Caitlyn Jenner said that she questioned who she was every second of every day. Three years after coming out as a transgender woman on ABC News in 2015, the 68 year old former Olympic decathlon gold medallist now says, “I get up in the morning and I just be myself all day long.”

Jenner was speaking to Fiona …
Abstract 11909: Transcoronary Infusion of Cardiac Progenitor Cells in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: 3-year Results of the TICAP Trial
Authors: Shuta Ishigami, Suguru Tarui, Takuya Goto, Daiki Ousaka, Kenji Baba, Shingo Kasahara, Shinichi Ohtsuki, Shunji Sano, Hidemasa Oh
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Backgrounds: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is still one of the severe congenital heart defects. The first results of the TICAP trial (NCT01273857) conducted in our hospital have shown that intracoronary infusion of cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) in children with HLHS was feasible and safe; however, the mid-term safety and efficacy of CDCs infusion in these patients remain unsolved. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of CDCs injection during mid-term period and to determine the factors that may be related to the beneficial effects of cardiac function after cell injection. Methods and Design: This phase 1 trial is a prospective controlled study. Fourteen patients with HLHS undergoing staged-2 or -3 palliations were enrolled between January 2011, and January 2012. Seven patients assigned to receive intracoronary CDCs infusion 1 month after the cardiac surgery followed by 7 patients allocated to a control with standard care alone. The primary endpoint was to assess the safety and the secondary endpoint was to evaluate the cardiac function and heart failure status. Results: No complications including tumor formation were reported within 3 years after CDC infusion. Echocardiogram showed a significantly greater improvement in right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) in children receiving CDCs than in controls at 3 years (+8.0 ± 4.7% vs. +2.2 ± 4.3%, P=0.03). In cardiac MRI study, improvement of RVEF at 3 years was significantly greater in the CDC-treated group than in controls (+5.7 ± 4.9 vs. -1.0 ± 4.6%, P=0.04). These cardiac function improvements resulted in reduced brain natriuretic peptide levels (P=0.04), lower incidence of unplanned catheter interventions (P=0.04), and higher weight-for-age Z score (WAZ) (P=0.02) at 3 years compared with those of controls. As independent predictors of treatment responsiveness, absolute changes in RVEF at 3 years were negatively correlated with age, WAZ, and RVEF at CDC infusion (age: r=-0.91, P=0.005; WAZ: r=-0.88, P=0.009; EF: r=-0.90, P=0.006). Conclusions: Intracoronary CDC infusion in patients with HLHS was safe and improved RVEF during 3 years of follow-up. This therapeutic strategy may merit somatic growth enhancement and reduce the incidence of heart failure.
Heart and brain interaction in patients with heart failure: overview and proposal for a taxonomy. A position paper from the Study Group on Heart and Brain Interaction of the Heart Failure Association
Authors: Wolfram Doehner, Dilek Ural, Karl Georg Haeusler, Jelena Čelutkienė, Reinaldo Bestetti, Yuksel Cavusoglu, Marco A. Peña‐Duque, Duska Glavas, Massimo Iacoviello, Ulrich Laufs, Ricardo Marmol Alvear, Amam Mbakwem, Massimo F. Piepoli, Stuart D. Rosen, Georgios Tsivgoulis, Cristiana Vitale, M. Birhan Yilmaz, Stefan D. Anker, Gerasimos Filippatos, Petar Seferovic, Andrew J.S. Coats, Frank Ruschitzka
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2017)
The Rosa genome provides new insights into the domestication of modern roses
Authors: Olivier Raymond, Jérôme Gouzy, Jérémy Just, Hélène Badouin, Marion Verdenaud, Arnaud Lemainque, Philippe Vergne, Sandrine Moja, Nathalie Choisne, Caroline Pont, Sébastien Carrère, Jean-Claude Caissard, Arnaud Couloux, Ludovic Cottret, Jean-Marc Aury, Judit Szécsi, David Latrasse, Mohammed-Amin Madoui, Léa François, Xiaopeng Fu, Shu-Hua Yang, Annick Dubois, Florence Piola, Antoine Larrieu, Magali Perez, Karine Labadie, Lauriane Perrier, Benjamin Govetto, Yoan Labrousse, Priscilla Villand, Claudia Bardoux, Véronique Boltz, Céline Lopez-Roques, Pascal Heitzler, Teva Vernoux, Michiel Vandenbussche, Hadi Quesneville, Adnane Boualem, Abdelhafid Bendahmane, Chang Liu, Manuel Le Bris, Jérôme Salse, Sylvie Baudino, Moussa Benhamed, Patrick Wincker, Mohammed Bendahmane
Journal: Nature Genetics (2018)

Roses have high cultural and economic importance as ornamental plants and in the perfume industry. We report the rose whole-genome sequencing and assembly and resequencing of major genotypes that contributed to rose domestication. We generated a homozygous genotype from a heterozygous diploid modern rose progenitor, Rosa chinensis 'Old Blush'. Using single-molecule real-time sequencing and a meta-assembly approach, we obtained one of the most comprehensive plant genomes to date. Diversity analyses highlighted the mosaic origin of 'La France', one of the first hybrids combining the growth vigor of European species and the recurrent blooming of Chinese species. Genomic segments of Chinese ancestry identified new candidate genes for recurrent blooming. Reconstructing regulatory and secondary metabolism pathways allowed us to propose a model of interconnected regulation of scent and flower color. This genome provides a foundation for understanding the mechanisms governing rose traits and should accelerate improvement in roses, Rosaceae and ornamentals. High-quality genome assembly of diploid Rosa chinensis and resequencing of major genotypes highlights the origin of modern rose cultivars and provides insights into color biosynthesis and scent pathways.
Second-hit mosaic mutation in mTORC1 repressor DEPDC5 causes focal cortical dysplasia–associated epilepsy
Authors: Théo Ribierre, Charlotte Deleuze, Alexandre Bacq, Sara Baldassari, Elise Marsan, Mathilde Chipaux, Giuseppe Muraca, Delphine Roussel, Vincent Navarro, Eric Leguern, Richard Miles, Stéphanie Baulac
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2018)

DEP domain-containing 5 protein (DEPDC5) is a repressor of the recently recognized amino acid-sensing branch of the mTORC1 pathway. So far, its function in the brain remains largely unknown. Germline loss-of-function mutations in DEPDC5 have emerged as a major cause of familial refractory focal epilepsies, with case reports of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Remarkably, a fraction of patients also develop focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), a neurodevelopmental cortical malformation. We therefore hypothesized that a somatic second-hit mutation arising during brain development may support the focal nature of the dysplasia. Here, using postoperative human tissue, we provide the proof of concept that a biallelic 2-hit - brain somatic and germline - mutational mechanism in DEPDC5 causes focal epilepsy with FCD. We discovered a mutation gradient with a higher rate of mosaicism in the seizure-onset zone than in the surrounding epileptogenic zone. Furthermore, we demonstrate the causality of a Depdc5 brain mosaic inactivation using CRISPR-Cas9 editing and in utero electroporation in a mouse model recapitulating focal epilepsy with FCD and SUDEP-like events. We further unveil a key role of Depdc5 in shaping dendrite and spine morphology of excitatory neurons. This study reveals promising therapeutic avenues for treating drug-resistant focal epilepsies with mTORC1-targeting molecules.
Angiopoietin-like protein 8 is a novel vitamin D receptor-targeted lipogenic gene associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver
Authors: Á. Gónzalez-Rodriguez, P. Petrov, E.D. Pozo-Maroto, C. Guzmán, J.R. de Cía, J. Vargas-Castrillón, A. Saez, E. Rey, M.E. Miquilena-Colina, O.L. Iacono, J.V. Castell, R. Jover, C. García-Monzón
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Molecular mechanism of in vitro pemetrexed sensitivity according to histological type in non-small cell lung cancer.
Authors: Tsukihisa Yoshida, Tokujiro Yano, Mikihiro Kohno, Akira Haro, Tatsuro Okamoto, Yoshihiko Maehara
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e13090 Background: Pemetrexed (Alimta, ALM) is a new multitarget antifolate metabolite anticancer drug. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is now treated with selective chemotherapy based on its classification as either non-squamous cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This study was designed to investigate the relationship between in vitro chemosensitivity to ALM and both clinicopathological factors and the expressions of ALM-related enzymes and carrier molecule in NSCLC. Methods: Seventy NSCLC samples (56 adenocarcinoma and 14 SCC) were used. Chemosensitivity was assessed by the succinate dehydrogenase inhibition (SDI) test for three antimetabolic anticancer drugs, including ALM, 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine. Samples showing more than the median of the succinate dehydrogenase (SD) activity, which reflects the cell viability, were defined as "Resistant" and samples showing less than the median were defined as "Sensitive." The mRNA expression levels of target enzymes of ALM (thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydrofolate reductase and glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase), metabolic enzymes of ALM (γ-glutamyl hydrase (GGH) and folypolyglutamate synthase) and reduce folate carrier (RFC) were measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis to examine the influence on chemosensitivity to ALM. Results: Of 3 antimetabolic drugs, only ALM showed significant difference of chemosensitivity according to the histological type. SCC samples were more resistant to ALM than adenocarcinoma samples. In adenocarcinoma, no significant relationship between chemosensitivity to ALM and clinicopathological factors was observed. SCC samples showed higher expression of TS and lower expression of RFC than adenocarcinoma samples. In adenocarcinoma, only GGH was inversely correlated with chemosensitivity to ALM. Conclusions: The present study suggested that, in SCC, the expressions of TS and RFC were associated with the chemosensitivity to ALM. In adenocarcinoma, the expression of GGH was associated with the chemosensitivity to ALM.
People living near fast food outlets more likely to develop heart disease, study shows
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2018)

People living in urban areas with one or more fast food outlets within 1 km of their home are significantly more likely to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) than those living in areas with no fast food outlets, a nationwide study in the Netherlands has reported.1

The availability of fast food—which generally consists of processed meat and refined carbohydrates and is high in salt, saturated fat, and calories—has increased dramatically in European countries over the past few years. Previous studies looking at links between the density of fast food outlets and heart disease have shown mixed results but …
Enhanced Therapeutic Activity of Non-Internalizing Small-Molecule-Drug Conjugates Targeting Carbonic Anhydrase IX in Combination with Targeted Interleukin-2
Authors: Samuele Cazzamalli, Barbara Ziffels, Fontaine Widmayer, Patrizia Murer, Giovanni Pellegrini, Francesca Pretto, Sarah Wulhfard, Dario Neri
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Purpose: Antibody–drug conjugates and small-molecule-drug conjugates have been proposed as alternatives to conventional anticancer cytotoxic agents, with the potential to deliver bioactive payloads to the site of disease, helping spare normal tissues. Experimental Design: Here, we describe a novel small-molecule-drug conjugate, based on a high-affinity ligand specific to carbonic anhydrase IX. The product featured a peptidic linker, suitable for cleavage in the tumor extracellular environment, and monomethyl auristatin E as cytotoxic payload. Results: A potent anticancer activity was observed in nude mice bearing SKRC-52 renal cell carcinoma xenografts, but no durable complete responses could be observed in this model. However, when the product was administered together with L19-IL2 (a clinical-stage fusion protein capable of delivering IL2 to the tumor neovasculature), all treated mice in the combination group could be rendered tumor free, in a process that favored the influx of natural killer cells into the tumor mass. The combination of L19-IL2 and the new small-molecule-drug conjugate also eradicated cancer in 100% of immunocompetent mice, bearing subcutaneously grafted CT26 colorectal cancer cells, which stably expressed carbonic anhydrase IX. Conclusions: These findings may be of clinical significance, because carbonic anhydrase IX is overexpressed in the majority of clear cell renal cell carcinomas and in approximately 30% of colorectal cancers. The targeted delivery of IL2 helps potentiate the action of targeted cytotoxics, leading to cancer eradication in models that cannot be cured by conventional chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(15); 3656–67. ©2018 AACR.
TCTAP A-070 Innovative Care Model Can Reduce Radiation Exposure in Patients Received Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Patients
Authors: Wei-Chun Huang, Kai-Che Wei, Wen-Hwa Wang, Cheng Chung Hung, Cheng-Hung Chiang, Chin-Chang Cheng, Kai-Hsi Liu, Feng Yu Kuo, Guang-Yuan Mar, Chun-Peng Liu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Once-Daily Single-Inhaler Triple versus Dual Therapy in Patients with COPD
Authors: David A. Lipson, Frank Barnhart, Noushin Brealey, Jean Brooks, Gerard J. Criner, Nicola C. Day, Mark T. Dransfield, David M.G. Halpin, MeiLan K. Han, C. Elaine Jones, Sally Kilbride, Peter Lange, David A. Lomas, Fernando J. Martinez, Dave Singh, Maggie Tabberer, Robert A. Wise, Steven J. Pascoe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

The benefits of triple therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with an inhaled glucocorticoid, a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), and a long-acting β2-agonist (LABA), as compared with dual therapy (either inhaled glucocorticoid–LABA or LAMA–LABA), are uncertain.
Analysis of HBV DNA integration in tumor and non-tumor liver tissues by a high-throughput viral integration detection method
Authors: D. D’aliberti, D. Giosa, G. Raffa, C. Musolino, G. Tripodi, D. Lombardo, F.C.D. Tocco, C. Saitta, O. Romeo, G. Navarra, G. Raimondo, T. Pollicino
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Assessment of baseline Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) immunity and HBV vaccine responses in prospectively vaccinated adults with Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Authors: C. Coffin, C. Jenne, M.G. Swain, S. Jayakumar, C. Cooper, E. Kelly, S. Fung, A. Ramji, E. Tam, M. Ma
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
The natural course of FIC1 deficiency and BSEP deficiency: Initial results from the NAPPED-consortium (Natural course and Prognosis of PFIC and Effect of biliary Diversion)
Authors: D. van Wessel, R. Thompson, T. Grammatikopoulos, A. Kadaristiana, I. Jankowska, P. Lipiński, P. Czubkowski, E. Gonzales, E. Jacquemin, A. Spraul, E. Sokal, M.A. Shagrani, D.C. Broering, T. Algoufi, N. Mazhar, E. Nicastro, D. Kelly, G. Nebbia, H. Arnell, B. Fischler, S. Sankaranarayanan, J. Hulscher, D. Serranti, C. Arikan, E. Polat, D. Debray, F. Lacaille, C. Goncalves, L. Hierro, G.M. Bartolo, Y. Mozer-Glassberg, A. Azaz, J. Brecelj, A. Dezsőfi, P.L. Calvo, A. Pizzol, D. Schmitt, E. Sturm, W. van der Woerd, B. Hansen, H. Verkade
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Rituximab treatment experience in patients with complicated type 1 autoimmune hepatitis in Europe and North America
Authors: N.N. Than, D. Schmidt, J. Hodson, R. Wawman, K. Burak, M. Botter, R.L. Jones, A. Montano-Loza, N. Gautam, G. Appanna, A. Godkin, C. Schramm, F. Lammert, M.G. Swain, D. Adams, G. Hirschfield, Y.H. Oo
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Abstract 17476: Poloxamer 188 Prevents Mitochondrial Impairment Induced by ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in a Time and Route-dependent Manner
Authors: Jason A Bartos, Timothy R Matsuura, Adamantios Tsangaris, Guillaume Debaty, Scott H McKnite, Jennifer N Rees, Frank Bates, Joseph M Metzger, Demetris Yannopoulos
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Poloxamer 188 (P188) is a nonionic copolymer known to prevent ischemia-reperfusion injury in cardiac tissue. The mechanism is unknown, though it is believed to prevent unregulated ion flux by sealing stress-induced gaps in sarcolemmal membranes. We hypothesized that immediate intra-coronary P188 infusion would prevent mitochondrial impairment after ischemia/reperfusion in a porcine model of ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: STEMI was induced in 55 pigs by 45 minutes of endovascular coronary occlusion. Upon reperfusion, animals were randomized to four groups: control, immediate intra-coronary P188 treatment (I-P188), delayed P188 treatment (D-P188) initiated after 30 minutes of reperfusion through a peripheral intravenous catheter, or immediate intra-coronary infusion of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Mitochondria were harvested from non-ischemic and ischemic heart tissue after 4 hours of reperfusion. Mitochondrial respiration (RCI) and calcium retention capacity (CRC) were measured in the presence of complex I or complex II substrates. Infarct size was measured after 4 hours of reperfusion by TTC and Evans Blue staining. Results: Mitochondrial yield significantly improved with I-P188 treatment suggesting normalization of mitochondrial morphology whereas all other groups were similarly reduced. In control, D-P188, and PEG groups, the RCI was significantly reduced in ischemic compared to non-ischemic tissue for complex I and complex II. I-P188 treatment prevented the reduction in complex I RCI while it had no effect on reduction of complex II RCI. The CRC also increased in ischemic mitochondria from animals treated with I-P188 compared to all other groups. Infarct size was reduced by 66% or more with I-P188 treatment compared to the other groups. Serum troponin was similarly reduced only in the I-P188 treatment group. Conclusions: Immediate intra-coronary P188 treatment prevents mitochondrial damage and reduces infarct size after STEMI. This benefit is not observed when treatment is delayed and delivered through a peripheral IV. While the mechanism remains unknown, the amphipathic properties of P188 are necessary as PEG infusion did not provide a significant benefit.