tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cholera Outbreak in Dadaab Refugee Camp, Kenya — November 2015–June 2016
Authors: Qabale Golicha, Sharmila Shetty, Orkhan Nasiblov, Abubakar Hussein, Eliud Wainaina, Mark Obonyo, Daniel Macharia, Raymond N. Musyoka, Hussein Abdille, Maurice Ope, Rachael Joseph, Willy Kabugi, John Kiogora, Munawwar Said, Waqo Boru, Tura Galgalo, Sara A. Lowther, Bonventure Juma, Robert Mugoh, Newton Wamola, Clayton Onyango, Zeinab Gura, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Kevin M. DeCock, John W. Burton
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

Dadaab Refugee camp in Garissa County, Kenya, hosts nearly 340,000 refugees in five subcamps (Dagahaley, Hagadera, Ifo, Ifo2, and Kambioos) (1). On November 18 and 19, 2015, during an ongoing national cholera outbreak (2), two camp residents were evaluated for acute watery diarrhea (three or more stools in ≤24 hours); Vibrio cholerae serogroup O1 serotype Ogawa was isolated from stool specimens collected from both patients. Within 1 week of the report of index cases, an additional 45 cases of acute watery diarrhea were reported. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and their health-sector partners coordinated the cholera response, community outreach and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) activities; Médecins Sans Frontiéres and the International Rescue Committee were involved in management of cholera treatment centers; CDC performed laboratory confirmation of cases and undertook GIS mapping and postoutbreak response assessment; and the Garissa County Government and the Kenya Ministry of Health conducted a case-control study. To prevent future cholera outbreaks, improvements to WASH and enhanced disease surveillance systems in Dadaab camp and the surrounding area are needed.
Abstract P078: Re-evaluation of Prognostic Values of Clockwise and Counterclockwise Rotation for Total and Cardiovascular Mortality in a Different Cohort (20 Year Follow-up of NIPPON DATA90)
Authors: Yasuyuki Nakamura, Tomonori Okamura, Akira Fujiyoshi, Aya Kadota, Takashi Hisamatsu, Katsuyuki Miura, Akira Okayama, Hirotsugu Ueshima
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: We previously reported that electrocardiographic (ECG) clockwise rotation (CWR) was positively and counter-clockwise rotation (CCWR) was inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in Japanese using 24 Year Follow-up of NIPPON DATA80. Re-evaluation of the prognostic values of CWR and CCWR in a different cohort is needed. Methods: We studied prognostic values of CWR and CCWR on total and CVD mortality using the NIPPON DATA90 database with a 20-year follow-up. At the baseline in 1990, data were collected on study participants, ages 30 years and over, from randomly selected areas in Japan. We followed 8,262 participants without major ECG abnormalities, or history of stroke or myocardial infarction (41.8% men, mean age 53.0 y) for 20 years. Analysis was made in men and women combined. Results: Among participants, 49.9% were in the normal rotation group, 7.2% in CWR group, and 42.9% in CCWR group. During the 20 year follow-up, there were 1,997 total, and 605 CVD mortality. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) using the Cox model including age, sex, BMI, alcohol and smoking status, hypertension, diabetes and other ECG variables revealed that CWR was significantly positively associated with total mortality (HR=1.19, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.02-1.39, P=0.032), but not with CVD mortality (HR=0.99 [0.68-1.33], P=0.95). CCWR was significantly inversely associated with CVD (HR=0.81 [0.68-0.96], P=0.016), and total mortality (HR=0.91 [0.83-0.997], P=0.043). Conclusions: We have reconfirmed a significant positive association of CWR in total mortality, and a significant inverse association of CCWR with CVD and total mortality in men and women combined, independent of confounding factors including other ECG changes.
Repositioning Africa in global knowledge production
Authors: Sharon Fonn, Laban Peter Ayiro, Philip Cotton, Adam Habib, Peter Mulwa Felix Mbithi, Alfred Mtenje, Barnabas Nawangwe, Eyitope O Ogunbodede, Idowu Olayinka, Frederick Golooba-Mutebi, Alex Ezeh
Journal: The Lancet (2018)
Conundrum of mechanical knee symptoms: signifying feature of a meniscal tear?
Authors: Jonas Bloch Thorlund, Kenneth Pihl, Nis Nissen, Uffe Jørgensen, Jakob Vium Fristed, L Stefan Lohmander, Martin Englund
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2018)

Mechanical knee symptoms are often considered important in the decision to perform knee arthroscopy on the suspicion of a meniscal tear. We investigated if presence of a meniscal tear at knee arthroscopy in adults is associated with presence of preoperative self-reported mechanical knee symptoms.We used data from Knee Arthroscopy Cohort Southern Denmark (KACS). KACS consists of patients aged 18 years or older referred to knee arthroscopy on the suspicion of a meniscal tear at four recruiting hospitals between 1 February 2013 and 31 January 2015. Of 1259 invited patients, 908 (72%) replied to the baseline questionnaire. With 91 patients excluded, the study sample consisted of 641 and 176 patients with and without a meniscal tear confirmed at surgery, respectively. Exposure was meniscal tear as determined by the knee surgeon during arthroscopy. Main outcomes were preoperative mechanical knee symptoms defined as self-reported catching/locking or self-reported inability to straighten knee fully.55% of all patients reported symptoms of catching/locking and 47% were unable to straighten their knee fully. Preoperative mechanical symptoms were equally prevalent in patients with and without a meniscal tear (prevalence ratio catching/locking 0.89, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.03, and inability to straighten knee fully, prevalence ratio 1.02, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.23).Patient-reported mechanical symptoms were equally common irrespective of presence or absence of a meniscal tear in patients undergoing arthroscopy for suspicion of a meniscal tear. Our findings suggest that mechanical knee symptoms have a limited value when considering indication for meniscal surgery.NCT01871272; Results.
Abstract 10458: Improved Outcomes of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Rats Treated With Vagus Nerve Stimulation Through Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Pathway
Authors: Peng Sun, Lu Yin, Jiangang Wang, Shen Zhao, Zhengfei Yang, Jie Qian, Ziren Tang, Joongbum Moon, Xiaobo Wu, Kline Jena, Wanchun Tang
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Studies have demonstrated that vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) reduces ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of VNS in a rat model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). We further investigated whether the beneficial effects of VNS were dependent on the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). Methods: The animals were randomized into 4 groups (n=10 each): (1) CPR group (n=10): the rats underwent 8 mins of untreated ventricular fibrillation (VF) followed by 8 mins of CPR and defibrillation. The right vagus nerve was exteriorized but not stimulated.; (2) VNS group (n=10): the treatment was identical to the CPR group except that VNS was initiated at the beginning of precordial compression and continued for 4 hours after the return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC); (3) MLA group(n=10): the treatment was identical to the VNS group except that α7nAChR antagonist MLA (5mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally (IP) 15 mins prior to VF; (4) GTS group(n=10): the treatment was identical to the CPR group except that α7nAChR agonist GTS-21 (5mg/kg) was IP injected 30 mins before VF. Blood gases, post resuscitation myocardial and cerebral function and the duration of survival were monitored in all animals. Results: There were no differences in mean arterial pressure among 4 groups. Significantly better post-resuscitation myocardial and cerebral functions and longer durations of survival were observed in VNS-treated animals, and these protective effects of VNS could be abolished by MLA and imitated by GTS-21 indicating that these beneficial effects might be dependent on a7nAChR (Figure *P&lt;0.05 vs CPR, **P&lt;0.01 vs CPR, ##P&lt;0.01 vs MLA). In addition, VNS decreased the number of electric shocks and the length of CPR duration. Conclusion: VNS improves the outcomes after CPR and cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway via α7nAChR plays an important role during CPR.
Broadening the role of “self-interest” in folk-economic beliefs
Authors: Mia Karabegović, Amanda Rotella, Pat Barclay
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2018)

Abstract We extend Boyer &amp; Petersen's (B&amp;P's) model of folk-economic beliefs (FEBs) by suggesting FEBs serve self-interest (broadly defined), which includes indirect benefits such as creating alliances, advancing self-beneficial ideologies, and signaling one's traits. By expanding the definition of self-interest, the model can predict who will hold what FEBs, which FEBs will propagate, when they will change, why, and in which direction.
Assessment of Pharmacokinetic Drug–Drug Interactions in Humans: In Vivo Probe Substrates for Drug Metabolism and Drug Transport Revisited
Authors: Uwe Fuhr, Chih-hsuan Hsin, Xia Li, Wafaâ Jabrane, Fritz Sörgel
Journal: The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2018)

Pharmacokinetic parameters of selective probe substrates are used to quantify the activity of an individual pharmacokinetic process (PKP) and the effect of perpetrator drugs thereon in clinical drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies. For instance, oral caffeine is used to quantify hepatic CYP1A2 activity, and oral dagibatran etexilate for intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity. However, no probe substrate depends exclusively on the PKP it is meant to quantify. Lack of selectivity for a given enzyme/transporter and expression of the respective enzyme/transporter at several sites in the human body are the main challenges. Thus, a detailed understanding of the role of individual PKPs for the pharmacokinetics of any probe substrate is essential to allocate the effect of a perpetrator drug to a specific PKP; this is a prerequisite for reliably informed pharmacokinetic models that will allow for the quantitative prediction of perpetrator effects on therapeutic drugs, also in respective patient populations not included in DDI studies.
Herpes Simplex Virus–Associated Acute Liver Failure Often Goes Unrecognized
Authors: Lanna Little, Jody Rule, Lan Peng, Michelle Gottfried, William M. Lee
Journal: Hepatology (2018)

Little, Lanna; Rule, Jody; Peng, Lan; Gottfried, Michelle; Lee, William M.; the Acute Liver Failure Study Group Author Information
Comutations in DNA Damage Response Pathways Serve as Potential Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Zhijie Wang, Jing Zhao, Guoqiang Wang, Fan Zhang, Zemin Zhang, Fan Zhang, Yuzi Zhang, Hua Dong, Xiaochen Zhao, Jianchun Duan, Hua Bai, Yanhua Tian, Rui Wan, Miao Han, Yan Cao, Lei Xiong, Li Liu, Shuhang Wang, Shangli Cai, Tony S.K. Mok, Jie Wang
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Biomarkers such as programmed death receptor 1 ligand (PD-L1) expression, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and high microsatellite instability are potentially applicable to predict the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, several challenges such as defining the cut-off value, test platform uniformity, and low frequencies limit their broad clinical application. Here we identify comutations in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathways of homologous recombination repair and mismatch repair (HRR-MMR) or HRR and base excision repair (HRR-BER; defined as co-mut+) that are associated with increased TMB and neoantigen load and increased levels of immune gene expression signatures. In four public clinical cohorts, co-mut+ patients presented a higher objective response rate and a longer progression-free survival or overall survival than co-mut− patients. Overall, identification of DDR comutations in HRR-MMR or HRR-BER as predictors of response to ICB provides a potentially convenient approach for future clinical practice. Significance: Identification of comutations in specific DDR pathways as predictors of superior survival outcomes in response to immune checkpoint blockade provide a clinically convenient approach for estimation of tumor mutational burden and delivery of ICB therapy. Cancer Res; 78(22); 6486–96. ©2018 AACR.
Abstract 12087: KCa3.1 Channels Support Resting Potential and Proliferative Function During Store-Operated Ca2+-Entry in c-kit+ Endogenous Cardiac Stem Cells
Authors: Patrick Vigneault, Patrice Naud, Darryl R Davis, Stanley Nattel
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Adult hearts contain c-kit+ endogenous cardiac stem cells (eCSCs). Cultured eCSCs express a wide range of ion channels, but cell culture is known to affect phenotype. Here we defined ...
Abstract 18218: Prevalence And Significance of a Right Bundle Branch Block in Patients Without Cardiovascular Disease Undergoing an Exercise Stress Test
Authors: Dawn Pedrotty, Thomas Allison, Suraj Kapa
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Right bundle branch block (RBBB) occurs in 0.2% to 1.3% of the general population and was thought to be an incidental finding; however, current conflicting studies demonstrate that th...
Abstract 19323: Extracellular Matrix Biomaterial Promotes Cardiac Repair Through an Active Bio-Inductive Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Holly E Mewhort, Daniyil A Svystonyuk, Jeannine D Turnbull, Guoqi Teng, Darrell D Belke, Daniel S Park, David G Guzzardi, Sean Kang, Paul W Fedak
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: We previously demonstrated that epicardial application of extracellular matrix (ECM) biomaterial prevents LV remodeling and improves functional recovery following myocardial infarction (MI). In this study we aim to determine if the underlying mechanism of benefit is a consequence of the bio-inductive properties of the ECM biomaterial. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that ECM biomaterial will promote functional recovery after ischemic injury by stimulating vasculogenesis through a bio-inductive effect. Methods: Biologically active ECM biomaterial (CorMatrix-ECM) was compared to ECM biomaterial inactivated by chemical treatments. The paracrine response of human cardiac fibroblasts (N=6) to ECM biomaterial was characterized in vitro. In vivo active (N=16) or inactive (N=16) ECM biomaterial was surgically applied to the infarcted myocardium following coronary artery ligation in a rat model. Indices of cardiac performance were quantified by pressure volume loop analysis 14 weeks post-MI. Results: Huma...
Abstract 16356: Impaired Two-Dimensional Global Longitudinal Strain of Left Ventricle Predicts Long-Term Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Jae Hyeong Park, Hyun-Suk Lee, Yun-Seon Park, Yeon-Ju Kim, Insuk Lee, Min Su Kim, Jun Hyung Kim, Jae-Hwan Lee, Si-Wan Choi, Jin-Ok Jeong, In-Whan Seong
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Global longitudinal strain of left ventricle (GLSLV) is an objective parameter of myocardial function. We want to evaluate the prognostic value of GLSLV in acute myocardial infarction (...
Abstract 14544: Ramipril Efficacy on Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Function in Stable Patients With Pulmonary Regurgitation After Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Sylvia Krupickova, Michael A. Gatzoulis, Mun Hong Cheang, Michael Rigby, Alain Fraisse, Anselm Uebing, Konstantinos Dimopoulos, Lorna Swan, Rafa Alonso-Gonzales, Wei Li, Sonya V. Babu-Narayan
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: We reported previously complex results of the APPROPRIATE (ACE inhibitors for Potential PRevention Of the deleterious effects of Pulmonary Regurgitation In Adults with repaired TEtral...
The use of faecal microbiota transplant as treatment for recurrent or refractory<i>Clostridium difficile</i>infection and other potential indications: joint British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and Healthcare Infection Society (HIS) guidelines
Authors: Benjamin H Mullish, Mohammed Nabil Quraishi, Jonathan P Segal, Victoria L McCune, Melissa Baxter, Gemma L Marsden, David J Moore, Alaric Colville, Neeraj Bhala, Tariq H Iqbal, Christopher Settle, Graziella Kontkowski, Ailsa L Hart, Peter M Hawkey, Simon D Goldenberg, Horace R T Williams
Journal: Gut (2018)

Interest in the therapeutic potential of faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) has been increasing globally in recent years, particularly as a result of randomised studies in which it has been used as an intervention. The main focus of these studies has been the treatment of recurrent or refractory Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), but there is also an emerging evidence base regarding potential applications in non-CDI settings. The key clinical stakeholders for the provision and governance of FMT services in the UK have tended to be in two major specialty areas: gastroenterology and microbiology/infectious diseases. While the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance (2014) for use of FMT for recurrent or refractory CDI has become accepted in the UK, clear evidence-based UK guidelines for FMT have been lacking. This resulted in discussions between the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) and Healthcare Infection Society (HIS), and a joint BSG/HIS FMT working group was established. This guideline document is the culmination of that joint dialogue.
Abstract 17374: Reduced Risk of Hyperkalemia in Heart Failure Patients Treated With an MRA and Sacubitril/Valsartan Compared With Enalapril: The PARADIGM-HF Trial
Authors: Scott Solomon, Milton Packer, Brian Claggett, Orly Vardeny, Michael Zile, Karl Swedberg, Jean Rouleau, Victor Shi, Martin Lefkowitz, John McMurray
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Current guidelines recommend treating heart failure and reduced ejection fraction with: a) ACE inhibitors, ARBs or sacubitril/valsartan, b) beta-blockers and c) mineralocorticoid rece...
Abstract 12745: Novel Evaluation of Liver Stiffness using Transient Elastography to Evaluate Perioperative Status in Severe Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Hiroyuki Nishi, Koichi Toda, Shigeru Miyagawa, Yasushi Yoshikawa, Satsuki Fukushima, Daisuke Yoshioka, Tetsuya Saito, Noriyuki Kashiyama, Takayoshi Ueno, Toru Kuratani, Yoshiki Sawa
Journal: Circulation (2013)

OBJECTIVES: No useful non-invasive tools are available to appropriately evaluate the severity of heart failure. We focused on the impact of heart failure on the liver and hypothesized that liver st...
Deficient Natural Killer Cell NKp30‐Mediated Function and Altered NCR3 Splice Variants in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Stefania Mantovani, Barbara Oliviero, Andrea Lombardi, Stefania Varchetta, Dalila Mele, Angelo Sangiovanni, Giorgio Rossi, Matteo Donadon, Guido Torzilli, Cristiana Soldani, Camillo Porta, Paolo Pedrazzoli, Silvia Chiellino, Roberto Santambrogio, Enrico Opocher, Marcello Maestri, Stefano Bernuzzi, Armando Rossello, Sophie Clément, Claudio De Vito, Laura Rubbia‐Brandt, Francesco Negro, Mario U. Mondelli
Journal: Hepatology (2018)

The activating natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp30 is critical for natural killer (NK) cell function and tumor immune surveillance. The natural cytotoxicity receptor‐3 (NCR3) gene is transcribed into several splice variants whose physiological relevance is still incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the role of NKp30 and its major ligand B7 homolog 6 (B7‐H6) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Peripheral blood NK cell phenotype was skewed toward a defective/exhausted immune profile with decreased frequencies of cells expressing NKp30 and natural killer group 2, member D and an increased proportion of cells expressing T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin‐domain containing‐3. Moreover, NKp30‐positive NK cells had a reduced expression of NCR3 immunostimulatory splice variants and an increased expression of the inhibitory variant in patients with advanced tumor, resulting in deficient NKp30‐mediated functionality. Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes showed a prevalent inhibitory NKp30 isoform profile, consistent with decreased NKp30‐mediated function. Of note, there were significant differences in the cytokine milieu between the neoplastic and the surrounding non‐neoplastic tissue, which may have further influenced NKp30 function. Exposure of NK cells to B7‐H6‐expressing HCC cells significantly down‐modulated NKp30, that was prevented by small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown, suggesting a role for this ligand in inhibiting NKp30‐mediated responses. Interestingly, B7‐H6 expression was reduced in HCC tissue and simultaneously augmented as a soluble form in HCC patients, particularly those with advanced staging or larger nodule size. Conclusion: These findings provide evidence in support of a role of NKp30 and its major ligand in HCC development and evolution.
Developmental and cultural factors in economic beliefs
Authors: Helena Miton, Dan Sperber
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2018)

Abstract Boyer &amp; Petersen (B&amp;P) assume that the intuitive systems underlying folk-economic beliefs (FEBs), and, in particular, emporiophobia, evolved in the environment of evolutionary adaptedness (EEA), before markets. This makes the historical development of markets puzzling. We suggest that what evolved in the EEA are templates that help children develop intuitive systems partly adjusted to their cultural environment. This helps resolve the puzzle.
Targeted therapy with a localised abluminal groove, low-dose sirolimus-eluting, biodegradable polymer coronary stent (TARGET All Comers): a multicentre, open-label, randomised non-inferiority trial
Authors: Alexandra Lansky, William Wijns, Bo Xu, Henning Kelbæk, Niels van Royen, Ming Zheng, Marie-angèle Morel, Paul Knaapen, Ton Slagboom, Thomas W Johnson, Georgios Vlachojannis, Karin E Arkenbout, Lene Holmvang, Luc Janssens, Andrzej Ochala, Salvatore Brugaletta, Christoph K Naber, Richard Anderson, Harald Rittger, Sergio Berti, Emanuele Barbato, Gabor G Toth, Luc Maillard, Christian Valina, Paweł Buszman, Holger Thiele, Volker Schächinger, Andreas Baumbach
Journal: The Lancet (2018)
Exogenous nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide regulates energy metabolism via hypothalamic connexin 43
Authors: Eun Roh, Jae Woo Park, Gil Myoung Kang, Chan Hee Lee, Hong Dugu, So Young Gil, Do Kyeong Song, Hyo Jin Kim, Gi Hoon Son, Rina Yu, Min-Seon Kim
Journal: Metabolism (2018)
How does “emporiophobia” develop?
Authors: Margaret Echelbarger, Susan A. Gelman, Charles W. Kalish
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2018)

Abstract Boyer &amp; Petersen's (B&amp;P's) evolutionary approach to folk-economic beliefs is insightful, with far-reaching implications. We add to their discussion by positing a complementary developmental approach to the study of “emporiophobia” – studying children whose behaviors provide insight into developmental origins. We hypothesize that emporiophobia emerges early in childhood through proximal mechanisms and propose that emporiophobia develops alongside emporiophilia.