tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 11607: Effects of Delayed Treatment With Inhaled Hydrogen on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Cytokines After Resuscitation in a Porcine Model of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Zhengfei Yang, Tao Yu, Cai Wen, Xiaozhu Zhai, Mary Ann Peberdy, Joseph P Ornato, Wanchun Tang
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Immediate treatment with inhaled hydrogen (H 2 ) has been demonstrated to attenuate oxidative stress conditions and inflammatory cytokines in serum after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. However, early applying inhaled H 2 is not practical especially in out of hospital cardiac arrest because of the safety issue. In the present study, we investigated the effects of delayed treatment with H 2 on oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in a porcine model of cardiac arrest (CA). Hypothesis: Delayed inhalation of H 2 reduces proinflammatory cytokines but without effect on oxidative stress after resuscitation in a CA porcine model. Methods: Twenty male domestic pigs weighing 39±2 kg were studied. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced electrically and CPR was initiated after 10 min of untreated VF. Animals were randomized into two groups immediately after successfully resuscitation: delayed inhalation of H 2 (DH group) or continuous inhalation of room air (C group). DH group animals were ventilated with 2% H 2 /21% oxygen from post-resuscitation 120 min (PR120) until PR240 min. Serum levels of oxidative product (8-iso-PGF 2α ) and proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and high-mobility group box protein 1 [HMGB1]) were measured by ELISA at baseline (BL), PR30, PR180 and PR360. Results: Serum levels of 8-iso-PGF 2α in all the animals were significantly increased at PR30 then decreased to the levels of BL after PR180. The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and HMGB1 in serum of all animals were elevated after PR180. Although no significant differences in the levels of 8-iso-PGF 2α were observed between both groups, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and HMGB1 were significantly lower in DH group animals when compared with those in C group (Figure). Conclusions: Delayed treatment with H2 attenuates proinflammatory cytokines but without effect on oxidative stress conditions after resuscitation.
What causes psychosis? An umbrella review of risk and protective factors
Authors: Joaquim Radua, Valentina Ramella‐Cravaro, John P.A. Ioannidis, Abraham Reichenberg, Nacharin Phiphopthatsanee, Taha Amir, Hyi Yenn Thoo, Dominic Oliver, Cathy Davies, Craig Morgan, Philip McGuire, Robin M. Murray, Paolo Fusar‐Poli
Journal: World Psychiatry (2018)

Psychosis is a heterogeneous psychiatric condition for which a multitude of risk and protective factors have been suggested. This umbrella review aimed to classify the strength of evidence for the associations between each factor and psychotic disorders whilst controlling for several biases. The Web of Knowledge database was searched to identify systematic reviews and meta‐analyses of observational studies which examined associations between socio‐demographic, parental, perinatal, later factors or antecedents and psychotic disorders, and which included a comparison group of healthy controls, published from 1965 to January 31, 2017. The literature search and data extraction followed PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. The association between each factor and ICD or DSM diagnoses of non‐organic psychotic disorders was graded into convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak, or non‐significant according to a standardized classification based on: number of psychotic cases, random‐effects p value, largest study 95% confidence interval, heterogeneity between studies, 95% prediction interval, small study effect, and excess significance bias. In order to assess evidence for temporality of association, we also conducted sensitivity analyses restricted to data from prospective studies. Fifty‐five meta‐analyses or systematic reviews were included in the umbrella review, corresponding to 683 individual studies and 170 putative risk or protective factors for psychotic disorders. Only the ultra‐high‐risk state for psychosis (odds ratio, OR=9.32, 95% CI: 4.91‐17.72) and Black‐Caribbean ethnicity in England (OR=4.87, 95% CI: 3.96‐6.00) showed convincing evidence of association. Six factors were highly suggestive (ethnic minority in low ethnic density area, second generation immigrants, trait anhedonia, premorbid IQ, minor physical anomalies, and olfactory identification ability), and nine were suggestive (urbanicity, ethnic minority in high ethnic density area, first generation immigrants, North‐African immigrants in Europe, winter/spring season of birth in Northern hemisphere, childhood social withdrawal, childhood trauma, Toxoplasma gondii IgG, and non‐right handedness). When only prospective studies were considered, the evidence was convincing for ultra‐high‐risk state and suggestive for urbanicity only. In summary, this umbrella review found several factors to be associated with psychotic disorders with different levels of evidence. These risk or protective factors represent a starting point for further etiopathological research and for the improvement of the prediction of psychosis.
Ethnicity and maternal and child health outcomes and service coverage in western China: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yuan Huang, David Shallcross, Li Pi, Fan Tian, Jay Pan, Carine Ronsmans
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2017)

There is a dearth of accurate information about health outcomes and health service coverage among ethnic minorities in China. We assessed maternal and child health (MCH) outcomes and service coverage among ethnic minorities compared with Han populations in western China.We did a systematic review searching English (Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science) and Chinese (China National Knowledge Infrastructure [CNKI], VIP, Wanfang) databases for population-based studies comparing MCH indicators between ethnic minorities between Jan 1, 1990, and Nov 9, 2016, in any language. For studies making individual comparisons we used the odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% CIs as the primary measure to assess the association between MCH indicators and ethnicity. We used a random-effects model to pool odds ratios.We included 29 Chinese and 16 English language studies, providing 31 individual comparisons and 15 ecological comparisons. Ethnic minority women had lower odds of antenatal care use (pooled crude OR 0·60 [95% CI 0·48-0·75]) and birth in health facilities (0·50 [0·39-0·64]) than did Han women; and their children had higher odds of mortality (2·02 [1·23-3·32]) and lower immunisation (0·34 [0·24-0·47]) than did Han children. After taking account of the potential confounding effects of socioeconomic factors, ethnic minority women were less likely to use antenatal care (pooled adjusted OR 0·54 [0·42-0·71]) or to immunise their children (0·57 [0·44-0·74]) compared with Han women.China has a wealth of primary data that could further our understanding of why ethnic minority populations are lagging behind. As MCH outcomes continue to improve nationally, ethnic minorities will take a greater share of the overall burden of adverse outcomes, requiring strategic investments to address the specific challenges faced by people living in remote areas.China Medical Board.
Listening behind closed doors: Shared decision making between hospice nurses and cancer patients and caregivers.
Authors: Debra Parker Oliver, Audrey S. Wallace, Karla Washington, George Demiris, Margaret F. Clayton, Maija Reblin, Lee Ellington
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

41 Background: The philosophy behind hospice care recognizes the patient and family as a unit of care and embraces their role in decision making. Research has primarily focused on physician and patient decision making yet, most decisions made at the end of life are between nurses, patients, and family members. The majority of hospice care is delivered in patient homes and little is known about these interactions. The goal of this study was to evaluate the shared decisions within the home environment between hospice nurses and patients/family. Methods: A secondary qualitative analysis of audio recordings of visits by 65 home hospice nurses to cancer patients in 11 hospice programs was conducted. Recordings were transcribed and coded by two team members using a pre-established nine element model of shared decision making. Elements of the model included: Defining a problem and options, discussing risks and benefits, focusing on how the options relate to patient values, the patient’s or family member’s ability to follow through, the provider’s recommendation, clarification of the understanding of options, and a follow-up plan. Results: Hospice nurses worked with families on an average of four problems in a mean visit time of 30 minutes. The hospice nurses used all the 9 recommended elements of shared decision making during home visits with patients and families however, not all elements were used in every visit. The most commonly used element was defining a problem, and the least used element was the assessment of patient and family understanding of options. Conclusions: Decision making for those enrolled in hospice occurs between nurses and patients/families. While ultimately responsible for the decisions that are made, physicians have limited interaction with the patient and family in their natural setting. Hospice nurses on the other hand, experience the impact of decisions in the environment in which they are implemented. Hospice nurses are the physician’s eyes and ears behind the closed doors of the home and can be valuable partners as they work with families on critical decisions several times each week.
Call to integrate supportive care and patient reported outcomes in early phase clinical trials: An exploration of adolescent and young adult (AYA) participation on phase I trials of novel anticancer agents.
Authors: Ishwaria Mohan Subbiah, Chad Tang, Arvind Rao, Vivek Subbiah, Razelle Kurzrock, David S. Hong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

149 Background: Adolescent and young adults (AYA) aged 15-39 years with cancer represent a patient population with very unique needs extending into the psychosocial realm. Consequently AYA participation on cancer clinical trials has been dismally low in recent decades, particularly on early phase trials with investigational agents. In an effort to better understand AYAs with advanced cancer, we analyzed their characteristics and participation on phase I clinical trials. Methods: We queried a department database to identify 1489 consecutive pts treated on phase I trials bw Dec 2004-July 2013 and then divided into 2 age-based groups (AYA 15-39y, mid age 40-64y) for analysis of their baseline characteristics, participation, time to treatment failure (TTF), and imaging response. We then calculated the odds ratios of achieving a favorable clinical benefit (defined as a RECIST response of prolonged SD≥6m+PR+CR) for AYAs vs mid-age pts. Results: AYAs represented 15% (n = 220) of participants treated on phase I trials while 67% (n = 991) were middle age. Most AYAs were women (63% female, 33% male) w median age being 32.6 years and a median of 3 prior therapies. AYAs most commonly had GYN (n = 41, 19%), sarcoma (n = 39, 18%), GI (n = 35, 16%), thoracic/head/neck (n = 31, 14%), melanoma (n = 27, 12%), and breast (n = 20, 9%) cancers. AYA had a comparable median TTF of 3.3m to mid age pts (3.5m). Overall, 369 (37%) mid age and 96 (44%) AYAs received a non-FDA approved agent. Imaging responses among AYAs showed 93 (42%) SD including 42 (19%) prolonged SD (median duration 9.7m), 34 (15%) PR (median duration 9.5m), and 2 AYAs with a CR lasting 36.2m and 50.1m. Conclusions: AYA patients represented just 15% of phase I clinical trials participants; none of these trials measured patient reported outcomes or quality of life indices, highlighting an urgent need for comprehensive supportive care integration into AYA care to tend to the unique psychosocial, economic, and family needs of this population to ultimately identify and overcome barriers to clinical trial participation.
Health-related quality of life in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with dose reduced capecitabine.
Authors: Daniel Adam Breadner, Stephen Welch, M. Christine Cripps, Derek J. Jonker, Wendy Lam, Paul Klimo, James Joseph Biagi, Anne O'Connell, Frances Whiston, Larry Stitt, Mark David Vincent
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

237 Background: The goal of palliative chemotherapy is to prolong survival and decrease the symptomatic disease burden while minimizing treatment toxicities to preserve or improve quality of life. We recently reported a trial of dose reduced capecitabine in elderly or frail patients with advanced colorectal cancer, demonstrating that dose reduced capecitabine was a safe and efficacious treatment option. We herein report the health related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes for the trial. Methods: A single arm multi-centered phase I/II trial of dose reduced capecitabine assessed capecitabine in 221 patients in at least one of the following subgroups: Age &gt; 65, ECOG-PS ≥1, elevated LDH, and prior pelvic RT. Capecitabine was given at 2000 mg/m 2 days 1-14 q21 days; or 1500 mg/m 2 for patients with prior pelvic RT, as determined in the phase I portion of the study. Phase II participant (182 pts) were asked to complete FACT-G questionnaires at enrollment, after each cycle of capecitabine and once after cessation of the study drug, if possible. Results: 157 pts completed a baseline questionnaire (86%), and 137 pts (75%) completed a baseline and at least one subsequent questionnaire. The mean baseline score was 81.6, out of a possible 108. The mean score peaked at 92 after cycle 10. The mean change from baseline was always positive, with the maximum change (4.0), occurring after cycle 12. The number of patients who achieved the minimal important difference, a meaningful improvement in HRQoL, ranged from 30% to 45% during treatment cylces. The differences in HRQoL between capecitabine doses were minimal and did not reach significance. Patients who did not achieve disease control also reported an improvement in mean score from baseline (+3.9) after cycle 2. Changes in subscale mean scores for physical and social/family wellbeing were minimal (-1.2 to +0.5) while emotion and function subscale mean scores never decreased with the peak subscale change from baseline being +3.5. Conclusions: HRQoL improved on capecitabine therapy at 2000 or 1500 mg/m 2 daily, further supporting its use in elderly and less fit patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
Abstract 18201: Pregnancy Associated Acute Myocardial Infarction due to Spontaneous Coronary Dissection: Clinical Characteristics and Effect on Maternal and Fetal Outcome
Authors: Ofer Havakuk, Uri Elkayam
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: Spontaneous coronary dissection (SCAD) is the most common mechanism of pregnancy-associated myocardial infarction (MI). Because of the rarity of this condition, most available informati...
Perinatal Diagnosis, Management, and Follow-up of Cystic Renal Diseases
Authors: Charlotte Gimpel, Fred E. Avni, Carsten Bergmann, Metin Cetiner, Sandra Habbig, Dieter Haffner, Jens König, Martin Konrad, Max C. Liebau, Lars Pape, Georg Rellensmann, Andrea Titieni, Constantin von Kaisenberg, Stefanie Weber, Paul J. D. Winyard, Franz Schaefer
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2017)

Prenatal and neonatal cystic kidney diseases are a group of rare disorders manifesting as single, multiple unilateral, or bilateral cysts or with increased echogenicity of the renal cortex without macroscopic cysts. They may be accompanied by grossly enlarged kidneys, renal oligohydramnios, pulmonary hypoplasia, extrarenal abnormalities, and neonatal kidney failure. The prognosis is extremely variable from trivial to very severe or even uniformly fatal, which poses significant challenges to prenatal counseling and management.To provide a clinical practice recommendation for fetal medicine specialists, obstetricians, neonatologists, pediatric nephrologists, pediatricians, and human geneticists by aggregating current evidence and consensus expert opinion on current management of cystic nephropathies before and after birth.After 8 systematic literature reviews on clinically relevant questions were prepared (including 90 studies up to mid-2016), recommendations were formulated and formally graded at a consensus meeting that included experts from all relevant specialties. After further discussion, the final version was voted on by all members using the Delphi method. The recommendations were reviewed and endorsed by the working groups on inherited renal disorders of the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA) and European Society for Paediatric Nephrology (ESPN); the German Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (DGGG), German Society of Perinatal Medicine (DGPM), and German Society of Ultrasound in Medicine (DEGUM); and the alliance of patient organizations, PKD International.The group makes a number of recommendations on prenatal and postnatal imaging by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, genetic testing, prenatal counseling, in utero therapeutic interventions, and postnatal management of prenatal and neonatal cystic kidney diseases, including provision of renal replacement therapy in neonates. In addition to detailed knowledge about possible etiologies and their prognosis, physicians need to be aware of recent improvements and remaining challenges of childhood chronic kidney disease, neonatal renal replacement therapy, and intensive pulmonary care to manage these cases and to empower parents for informed decision making.
Abstract 21112: Trends in Acute Ischemic Stroke Admissions in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter From 2004 to 2014
Authors: Syed A Ahsan, Shawn Lee, Seyed Hamed Hosseini Dehkordi, Farid Gholitabar, Alejandro Lemor, Navid Gholitabar, Davendra Mehta
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter (AF) predispose patients to acute ischemic strokes and increased mortality. We aim to assess the impact of new guidelines, innovations in technology and several new drugs on mortality and morbidity of patients hospitalized for ischemic stroke with concurrent AF over 10 years. We assessed the hypothesis that these advances would be associated with improvements in mortality over that time period. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study using the 2004-2014 National Inpatient Sample, the largest publicly available inpatient database in the United States. We included women and men &amp;gt;18 years of age admitted between 2004 and 2014 with primary diagnoses of atrial fibrillation or flutter and with secondary diagnoses of acute ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (using ICD-9 CM codes). The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcomes were total hospital cost and mean length of stay (LOS). STATA 13.0 was used for data analysis. Results: 222,074 patients were included in this study. The mean age was 79.2 years and 58.8% were female. The inpatient mortality rate in 2004 was 11.6% and it decreased consistently until 2014 at 8.0% (p trend &amp;lt;0.001). Mean total hospital cost was $10,582 in 2004 and it increased consistently until 2014 at $13,849 (p trend &amp;lt; 0.001). Mean length of stay steadily decreased from 6.9 days in 2004 to 5.7 days in 2014. Conclusion: Over the past 10 years, new innovations in technology and the approval and use of several novel oral anticoagulants for use in AF have been implemented. While there is a trend of increasing costs, these measures seem to show a trend of improving mortality and decreasing length of stay in patients hospitalized with ischemic strokes and AF.
The NHS must act on bevacizumab, for patients’ sake
Authors: Greg Fell
Journal: BMJ (2017)

The Royal College of Ophthalmologists has taken a definitive view on the longstanding subject of bevacizumab for macular degeneration.12 Four further actions could be taken.

Firstly, the law might be clarified. This could be in court or the Department of Health could directly intervene. The General Medical Council could be asked to clarify its position in light of the recent …
Building brains that communicate like machines
Authors: Daniel Graham
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract Reverse engineering human cognitive processes may improve artificial intelligence, but this approach implies we have little to learn regarding brains from human-engineered systems. On the contrary, engineered technologies of dynamic network communication have many features that highlight analogous, poorly understood, or ignored aspects of brain and cognitive function, and mechanisms fundamental to these technologies can be usefully investigated in brains.
Abstract 19837: DJ-1/Park7 Protects the Heart Against Ischemia-reperfusion Injury Through the Modulation of SUMOylation <i>(Best of Basic Science Abstract)</i>
Authors: Yuuki Shimizu, Larry Barr, Travis Fields, John W Calvert
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: DJ-1/Park7 is a ubiquitously expressed protein typically associated with the development of early onset Parkinson’s disease. Recent data suggests that it also plays a role in the cellular response to stress. Although much is known about DJ-1 in the brain, very little has been investigated in the heart. Here, we aimed to examine the underlying molecular mechanisms mediating the actions of DJ-1 in the heart following the onset of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods and Results: Wild-type (WT) control and DJ-1 deficient (DJ-1 KO) mice were subjected to in vivo myocardial I/R injury. DJ-1 KO mice (n=9) displayed increased areas of infarction (%INF/LV or AAR: 30.2 vs 22.0%, 53.6 vs 39.0%, Troponin-I: 47.4 vs 19.9ng/ml, p&lt;0.05 respectively) and worsened left ventricular function (LVEF: 43.7 vs 58.1%, p&lt;0.001) when compared to WT mice (n=9), confirming a protective role for DJ-1 in the heart. In an effort to evaluate the potential mechanism(s) responsible for the increased injury in DJ-1 KO mice, we focused on SUMOylation, a post-translational modification process which regulates various aspects of protein function, including transcription, subcellular localization, DNA repair, and cell cycle. DJ-1 KO hearts after I/R injury were found to display enhanced accumulation of SUMO-1 modified proteins, (this modification is generally associated with cell injury), and reduced SUMO-2/3 modified proteins (this modification is generally associated with cytoprotection). Further analysis, revealed that the protein expression of the de-SUMOylation enzyme SENP-1 (removes SUMO-1 modifications) was reduced, whereas the expression of SENP-5 (removes SUMO-2/3 modifications) was enhanced in DJ-1 KO hearts after I/R injury. Changes in mRNA levels did not account for the altered protein expression of SENP-1 and SENP-5. So, we evaluated the direct interaction of DJ-1 with both proteins in hearts of WT mice following I/R using co-immunoprecipitation. We found that SENP1 binding with DJ-1 was down-regulated, whereas SENP5 binding with DJ-1 was up-regulated. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that the activation of DJ-1 in response to myocardial I/R injury protects the heart by the modulation of SUMOylation via direct binding of SENP1 and SENP5.
Comparison of Neurologic Trauma and Motorcycle Helmet Use in Drivers vs Passengers
Authors: Tyler A. Evans, Sarah Sasor, Stephen Duquette, Michael W. Chu, Imtiaz Munshi, Tahereh Soleimani, Sunil S. Tholpady
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2017)

This study compares postcrash prevalences of neurological and head and neck injuries in motorcycle drivers and passengers, stratified by helmet use.
P2.05-019 Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for Central Lung Tumors: The Experience of Florence University-Careggi Hospital Radiotherapy
Authors: Vieri Scotti, Vanessa Di Cataldo, Gabriele Simontacchi, Alessio Bruni, Ana Turkaj, Giulio Alberto Carta, Marco Perna, Carlotta Becherini, Camilla Comin, Katia Ferrari, Benedetta Agresti, Carla De Luca Cardillo, Laura Masi, Raffaela Doro, Lorenzo Livi
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)