tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 16990: Delayed versus Ad-hoc Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Authors: Elizabeth L Nichols, Jeremiah R Brown, Wiseman H Alan, Matthew W Watkins, Richard A Boss, Peter N Ver Lee, Megan Coylewright, James M Flynn, John Jayne, Andrew Eisenhauer, David Butzel, Yi-Ling Huang, David J Malenka
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction:  Cardiac catheterization followed by a delayed percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD) allows time for shared decision making and procedural planning. However ad-hoc PCI performed in the same procedure as the diagnostic catheterization, occurs frequently. Whether repeat revascularization is comparable for ad-hoc and delayed PCI patients with multivessel CAD is not well studied.   Methods:  We identified 8,306 non-emergent PCI patients with multivessel CAD from 2004-2014 from a regional registry of consecutive procedures excluding patients with a recent STEMI and censoring staged procedures. We compared repeat PCI or coronary artery bypass grafting from the registry over 11 years for ad-hoc versus delayed PCI patients. We used Cox’s proportional hazards modeling adjusting for differences in patient characteristics using inverse probability weighting.   Results:  There were 6,938 (83.5%) ad-hoc and 1,368 (16.5%) delayed PCI patients with a median follow up of 4.8 years. Delayed PCI patients were older, had more comorbidities and more 3 vessel disease (3VD). After adjustment for patient characteristics, ad-hoc PCI patients were not more likely than delayed PCI to undergo repeat revascularization (HR: 1.13, 95%CI: 0.98, 1.30); However, among 1,898 (22.9%) patients with 3VD, ad-hoc PCI was significantly associated with more repeat revascularization than delayed PCI (HR: 1.41, 95%CI: 1.07, 1.85; see figure). There was no difference in adjusted 3VD completeness of revascularization between ad-hoc and delayed PCI (OR: 1.05, 95%CI: 0.92, 1.19). There was no difference in survival between ad-hoc or delayed PCI.   Conclusions:  While ad-hoc PCI is favored by physicians for efficiency and patients for comfort, it is associated with a higher risk of repeat revascularization than delayed PCI for 3VD patients. These tradeoffs should be carefully considered before proceeding with ad-hoc PCI.
Three-dimensional transcranial microbubble imaging for guiding volumetric ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening
Authors: Ryan M Jones, Lulu Deng, Kogee Leung, Dallan McMahon, Meaghan A O'Reilly, Kullervo Hynynen
Journal: Theranostics (2018)

Focused ultrasound (FUS)-mediated blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening recently entered clinical testing for targeted drug delivery to the brain. Sources of variability exist in the current procedures, motivating the development of real-time monitoring and control techniques to improve treatment safety and efficacy. Here we used three-dimensional (3D) transcranial microbubble imaging to calibrate FUS exposure levels for volumetric BBB opening. Methods: Using a sparse hemispherical transmit/receive ultrasound phased array, pulsed ultrasound was focused transcranially into the thalamus of rabbits during microbubble infusion and multi-channel 3D beamforming was performed online with receiver signals captured at the subharmonic frequency. Pressures were increased pulse-by-pulse until subharmonic activity was detected on acoustic imaging (psub), and tissue volumes surrounding the calibration point were exposed at 50-100%psub via rapid electronic beam steering. Results: Spatially-coherent subharmonic microbubble activity was successfully reconstructed transcranially in vivo during calibration sonications. Multi-point exposures induced volumetric regions of elevated BBB permeability assessed via contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). At exposure levels ≥75%psub, MRI and histological examination occasionally revealed tissue damage, whereas sonications at 50%psub were performed safely. Substantial intra-grid variability of FUS-induced bioeffects was observed via MRI, prompting future development of multi-point calibration schemes for improved treatment consistency. Receiver array sparsity and sensor configuration had substantial impacts on subharmonic detection sensitivity, and are factors that should be considered when designing next-generation clinical FUS brain therapy systems. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that 3D subharmonic imaging can be used to calibrate exposure levels for safe FUS-induced volumetric BBB opening, and should be explored further as a method for cavitation-mediated treatment guidance.
The effect of iron chelation therapy on overall survival in sickle cell disease and β‐thalassemia: A systematic review
Authors: Samir K. Ballas, Amer M. Zeidan, Vu H. Duong, Michelle DeVeaux, Matthew M. Heeney
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2018)

Red blood cell transfusions have become standard of care for the prevention of life-threatening anemia in patients with β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease (SCD). However, frequent transfusions can lead to accumulation of iron that can result in liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Iron chelation therapy has been shown to reduce serum ferritin levels and liver iron content, but limitations of trial design have prevented any demonstration of improved survival. The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the impact of iron chelation therapy on overall and event-free survival in patients with β-thalassemia and SCD. Eighteen articles discussing survival in β-thalassemia and 3 in SCD were identified. Overall iron chelation therapy resulted in better overall survival, especially if it is instituted early and compliance is maintained. Comparative studies did not show any significant differences between available iron chelation agents, although there is evidence that deferiprone is better tolerated than deferoxamine and that compliance is more readily maintained with the newer oral drugs, deferiprone and deferasirox. Iron chelation therapy, particularly the second-generation oral agents, appears to be associated with improved overall and event-free survival in transfusion-dependent patients with β-thalassemia and patients with SCD.
Faecal microbiota transplantation alters gut microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: results from a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled study
Authors: Sofie Ingdam Halkjær, Alice Højer Christensen, Bobby Zhao Sheng Lo, Patrick Denis Browne, Stig Günther, Lars Hestbjerg Hansen, Andreas Munk Petersen
Journal: Gut (2018)

Objective IBS is associated with an intestinal dysbiosis and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been hypothesised to have a positive effect in patients with IBS. We performed a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial to investigate if FMT resulted in an altered gut microbiota and improvement in clinical outcome in patients with IBS. Design We performed this study in 52 adult patients with moderate-to-severe IBS. At the screening visit, clinical history and symptoms were assessed and faecal samples were collected. Patients were randomised to FMT or placebo capsules for 12 days and followed for 6 months. Study visits were performed at baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months, where patients were asked to register their symptoms using the IBS-severity scoring system (IBS-SSS) and IBS-specific quality of life (IBS-QoL). Prior to each visit, faecal samples were collected. Results A significant difference in improvement in IBS-SSS score was observed 3 months after treatment (p=0.012) favouring placebo. This was similar for IBS-QoL data after 3 months (p=0.003) favouring placebo. Patients receiving FMT capsules had an increase in faecal microbial biodiversity while placebos did not. Conclusion In this randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled study, we found that FMT changed gut microbiota in patients with IBS. But patients in the placebo group experienced greater symptom relief compared with the FMT group after 3 months. Altering the gut microbiota is not enough to obtain clinical improvement in IBS. However, different study designs and larger studies are required to examine the role of FMT in IBS. Trial registration number NCT02788071 .
Dorzagliatin monotherapy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a dose-ranging, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study
Authors: Dalong Zhu, Shenglian Gan, Yu Liu, Jianhua Ma, Xiaolin Dong, Weihong Song, Jiao'e Zeng, Guixia Wang, Wenjuan Zhao, Qiu Zhang, Yukun Li, Hui Fang, Xiaofeng Lv, Yongquan Shi, Haoming Tian, Linong Ji, Xin Gao, Lihui Zhang, Yuqian Bao, Minxiang Lei, Ling Li, Longyi Zeng, Xiaoying Li, Xinghua Hou, Yu Zhao, Tianxin Hu, Xiaoyun Ge, Guiyu Zhao, Yongguo Li, Yi Zhang, Li Chen
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2018)
CCL chemokines may play an important role in cisplatin resistance: Topic: proteins in lung cancer and proteomics (Conference Abstract)
Authors: Sarah-Louise Ryan, Peter Godwin, Susan Heavey, Kazuo Umezawa, Martin Barr, Steven Gray, Bryan Stanfill, Anthony Davies, Sinead Cuffe, Stephen Finn, Derek Richard, Kathy Gately, Ken O'Byrne, Anne-Marie Baird
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Effects on abstinence of nicotine patch treatment before quitting smoking: parallel, two arm, pragmatic randomised trial
Journal: BMJ (2018)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the effectiveness of a nicotine patch worn for four weeks before a quit attempt. <h3>Design</h3> Randomised controlled open label trial. <h3>Setting</h3> Primary care and smoking cessation clinics in England, 2012-15. <h3>Participants</h3> 1792 adults who were daily smokers with tobacco dependence. 899 were allocated to the preloading arm and 893 to the control arm. <h3>Interventions</h3> Participants were randomised 1:1, using concealed randomly permuted blocks stratified by centre, to either standard smoking cessation pharmacotherapy and behavioural support or the same treatment supplemented by four weeks of 21 mg nicotine patch use before quitting: "preloading." <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> The primary outcome was biochemically confirmed prolonged abstinence at six months. Secondary outcomes were prolonged abstinence at four weeks and 12 months. <h3>Results</h3> Biochemically validated abstinence at six months was achieved by 157/899 (17.5%) participants in the preloading arm and 129/893 (14.4%) in the control arm: difference 3.0% (95% confidence interval −0.4% to 6.4%), odds ratio 1.25 (95% confidence interval 0.97 to 1.62), P=0.08 in the primary analysis. There was an imbalance between arms in the frequency of varenicline use as post-cessation treatment, and planned adjustment for this gave an odds ratio for the effect of preloading of 1.34 (95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.73), P=0.03: difference 3.8% (0.4% to 7.2%). At four weeks, the difference in prolonged abstinence unadjusted for varenicline use was odds ratio 1.21 (1.00 to 1.48), difference 4.3% (0.0% to 8.7%), P=0.05, and adjusted for varenicline use was 1.32 (1.08 to 1.62) P=0.007. At 12 months the odds ratio was 1.28 (0.97 to 1.69), difference 2.7% (−0.4% to 5.8%), P=0.09 unadjusted for varenicline use and after adjustment was 1.36 (1.02 to 1.80) P=0.04. 5.9% of participants discontinued preloading owing to intolerance. Gastrointestinal symptoms—chiefly nausea—occurred in 4.0% (2.2% to 5.9%) more people in the preloading arm than control arm. Eight serious adverse events occurred in the preloading arm and eight in the control arm (odds ratio 0.99, 0.36 to 2.75). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Evidence was insufficient to confidently show that nicotine preloading increases subsequent smoking abstinence. The beneficial effect seems to have been masked by a concurrent reduction in the use of varenicline in people using nicotine preloading, and future studies should explore ways to mitigate this unintended effect. <h3>Trial registration</h3> Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN33031001.
Delayed Generic Market Saturation After Patent Expiration—A Billion-Dollar Problem
Authors: Jing Luo, Aaron S. Kesselheim
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Behavioral Addictions as Mental Disorders: To Be or Not To Be?
Authors: Nancy M. Petry, Kristyn Zajac, Meredith K. Ginley
Journal: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (2018)

Should excessive and problematic engagement in nonsubstance use behaviors be mental disorders? The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) repositioned gambling disorder in the substance use disorders section and introduced Internet gaming disorder in the research appendix; the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) is also considering it. This article outlines pros and cons of considering behavioral addictions as mental disorders and also reviews the DSM-5 decision-making processes. It focuses on three conditions: gambling disorder, Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and Internet addiction (IA). We detail assessment methods and prevalence rates for these conditions and outline psychiatric comorbidities, demographic and biological risk factors, and promising treatment approaches. We also briefly discuss other putative behavioral addictions: eating/food, sex, exercise, shopping, and tanning “addictions.” Overall, data are inconclusive, and consistent terminology and methodology are needed to define and evaluate these conditions more fully prior to considering them mental disorders.
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition for Cholangiocarcinoma: Looking Through a Door Half‐Opened
Authors: Sumera Rizvi, Gregory J. Gores
Journal: Hepatology (2018)

Rizvi, Sumera M.B.B.S.1; Gores, Gregory J. M.D.1Editor(s): Corey, Kathleen E.2; Malhi, Harmeet3 Author Information
Low serum HBsAg and HBV DNA predict response of peg-interferon addition to entecavir in HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B
Authors: S. Liem, B. Hansen, Q. Xie, C. Liang, W.P. Brouwer, H. Chi, S. Guo, X. Qi, N.-P. Zhang, T. Fehmi, M.V. Campenhout, H. Janssen
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
TCTAP A-017 Difference of Clinical and Prognostic Characteristics of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Hemodialysis and Without Hemodialysis
Authors: Tairo Kurita, Jun Masuda, Kozo Hoshino, Kaoru Dohi, Tetsuya Kitamura, Yasuhiro Saito, Sukenari Koyabu, Hitoshi Kakimoto, Atsushi Kawasaki, Masaaki Ito
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
P543The effects of polyprenols in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: E Tsoi, E V Vyshlov
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)

Results: Figure 1 shows the relative fold changes of miRNA-1, miRNA-133 and miRNA-208 during AMI and after reperfusion.All 3 types of miRNAs could be detected in the plasma exosomes.However, ultimately no significant change in the levels of miRNA-1, miRNA-133 and miRNA-208 could be shown at the different time points.Conclusion: Even though all investigated miRNAs could be detected in plasma exosomes, no significant relative changes in miR-1, miR-133 and miR-208 levels could be shown in this study.The reason for this could potentially be that 90 minutes of ischemia are too short to significantly change levels of miRNA expression and miRNA levels in circulating plasma-exosomes.
Understanding the role of the perivascular space in cerebral small vessel disease
Authors: Rosalind Brown, Helene Benveniste, Sandra E Black, Serge Charpak, Martin Dichgans, Anne Joutel, Maiken Nedergaard, Kenneth J Smith, Berislav V Zlokovic, Joanna M Wardlaw
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)

Small vessel diseases (SVDs) are a group of disorders that result from pathological alteration of the small blood vessels in the brain, including the small arteries, capillaries and veins. Of the 35–36 million people that are estimated to suffer from dementia worldwide, up to 65% have an SVD component. Furthermore, SVD causes 20–25% of strokes, worsens outcome after stroke and is a leading cause of disability, cognitive impairment and poor mobility. Yet the underlying cause(s) of SVD are not fully understood. Magnetic resonance imaging has confirmed enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS) as a hallmark feature of SVD. In healthy tissue, these spaces are proposed to form part of a complex brain fluid drainage system which supports interstitial fluid exchange and may also facilitate clearance of waste products from the brain. The pathophysiological signature of PVS and what this infers about their function and interaction with cerebral microcirculation, plus subsequent downstream effects on lesion development in the brain has not been established. Here we discuss the potential of enlarged PVS to be a unique biomarker for SVD and related brain disorders with a vascular component. We propose that widening of PVS suggests presence of peri-vascular cell debris and other waste products that form part of a vicious cycle involving impaired cerebrovascular reactivity, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, perivascular inflammation and ultimately impaired clearance of waste proteins from the interstitial fluid space, leading to accumulation of toxins, hypoxia, and tissue damage. Here, we outline current knowledge, questions and hypotheses regarding understanding the brain fluid dynamics underpinning dementia and stroke through the common denominator of SVD.
P129CD4+CD28null T lymphocytes are associated with the development of atrial fibrillation after elective cardiac surgery
Authors: P Sulzgruber, B Thaler, L Koller, A Pilz, M Steininger, T Fleck, G Laufer, B Steinlechner, J Wojta, A Niessner
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)

Results: Stimulation within all ganglia produced either bradycardia, tachycardia or a biphasic brady-tachycardia.Electrical stimulation of the right atrial (RA) and right neuronal cluster (RNC) regions produced the greatest chronotropic responses in all groups.In HF, bradycardic responses were exaggerated during stimulation of the RNC (figure.1A), whilst tachycardic responses were exaggerated during stimulation of both the RNC and RA regions (figure.1B).Stimulation of the left neuronal cluster (LNC) resulted in the smallest decrease in heart rate in all groups.Significantly increased lesion volumes were evident in HF when compared to sham (627-6122mm3 vs 060mm3 respectively).Conclusions: Stimulation within the ICNS indicates that clusters of neurons are capable of independent selective effects on different cardiac functions.In a rabbit infarct model of HF, this capability is altered suggesting neural remodelling and a possible role of this network in disease which may present as a therapeutic target.
Triglyceride-to-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio and Vulnerable Plaque Features With Statin Therapy in Diabetic Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Kohei Takata, Yu Kataoka, Jordan Andrews, Rishi Puri, Muhammad Hammadah, Bhanu Duggal, Samir R. Kapadia, E. Murat Tuzcu, Steven E. Nissen, Stephen J. Nicholls
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2018)
RNA interference therapy with ARC-520 Injection results in long term off-therapy antigen reductions in treatment naïve, HBeAg positive and negative patients with chronic HBV
Authors: M.-F. Yuen, K. Liu, B. Given, T. Schluep, J. Hamilton, C.L. Lai, S. Locarnini, K. Jackson, J.Y. Lau, C. Ferrari, R.G. Gish
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Ticagrelor Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: John H. Alexander
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Preclinical mechanistic and efficacy evaluation of a novel small molecule TLR7 agonist RO7020531 for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B
Authors: L. Dai, X. Yu, Y. Yu, L. Gu, J. Zhao, L. Zhu, G. Ottaviani, H. Yun, M. Ait-Goughoulte, M. Ilnicka, J. Xie, L. Wang, A. Feng, J. Young, L. Gao
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)