tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of human cytomegalovirus infection on radiation-induced cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes from a glioma case-control study
Authors: Michael Scheurer, Mirtha Lopez, Kimberly Chrisman, Thomas Albrecht, Melissa Bondy, Randa El-Zein
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA

1749 

Introduction: Malignant gliomas are the most common and most lethal primary brain tumor in adults. However, significant gaps exist in the current understanding of the molecular pathways involved in their genesis and clinical behavior. Therapeutic irradiation and chronic immunosuppression remain the only established risk factors, but viral infections and host genetic susceptibility have also been implicated. An association between human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and malignant gliomas was recently reported suggesting that HCMV may play an active role in gliomagenesis. To examine this further, we used standard cytogenetic assays to measure the effects of HCMV infection on genetic instability. Methods: 35 glioma cases and 25 controls from an ongoing brain tumor study in Harris County, Texas, completed an epidemiologic questionnaire and gave a blood sample for cytogenetic analysis. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) were isolated from each specimen, and 4 separate cultures were established for each participant. One culture was analyzed for baseline levels, one was infected with HCMV, one was treated with gamma radiation, and the last was infected with HCMV and then irradiated. The micronucleus (MN) assay was used to determine levels of chromosome breaks and rearrangements, and chromosomal aberrations were also measured as total chromatid breaks. Cells in apoptosis and stages of the cell cycle were measured by TUNEL assay. A repeated-measure analysis of variance with one between subjects factor (case-control) and one within subjects factor (treatment) was used to determine differences in mean values of the cytogenetic outcomes based on treatment type and case-control status. Results: The prevalence of chromosome breaks was higher for cultures treated with both the virus and radiation. Cultures treated with the virus alone or in conjunction with radiation showed significant increases in chromosomal rearrangements. The number of chromatid breaks was significant for each level of treatment with those being co-treated having more damage than those treated with radiation alone. Apoptosis was increased for treatment with both HCMV and radiation, and cases exhibited higher levels than controls. There was also a non-significant increase in the percentage of cells in S phase and decrease in the percentage in G1. Conclusions: Cytogenetic assays estimate the amount of damage normal cells undergo by certain stressors. We show that the amount of apoptosis and chromosomal damage in PBLs is greatly enhanced by infection with HCMV, especially with the additional stress of gamma radiation. This strengthens the argument that HCMV could modulate gliomagenesis through induction of chromosomal damage. This could be especially true for patients in which p53-modulated apoptotic pathways have been altered.
HLA-Haploidentical TCR αβ/CD19-Depleted Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Children with Fanconi Anemia
Authors: Luisa Strocchio, Pietro Merli, Alice Bertaina, Luciana Vinti, Letizia Pomponia Brescia, Giuseppe Palumbo, Maria Teresa Romano, Roberta Caruso, Franco Locatelli
Journal: Blood (2016)
High rate of event-free survival at 24 months with everolimus/RCHOP for untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: updated results from NCCTG N1085 (Alliance)
Authors: T E Witzig, B LaPlant, T M Habermann, E McPhail, D J Inwards, I N Micallef, J P Colgan, G S Nowakowski, S M Ansell, P B Johnston
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2017)

High rate of event-free survival at 24 months with everolimus/RCHOP for untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: updated results from NCCTG N1085 (Alliance)
Multicenter study to demonstrate radiomic texture features derived from MR perfusion images of pseudoprogression compared to true progression in glioblastoma patients.
Authors: Nabil Elshafeey, Aikaterini Kotrotsou, Dunia Giniebra Camejo, Srishti Abrol, Islam Hassan, Kamel El Salek, Ahmed Hassan, Ahmed Shaaban, Samuel Bergamaschi, Fanny E Moron, Meng Law, Pascal Zinn, Rivka R. Colen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

2016 Background: To differentiate between pseudoprogression and true progression in patients with glioblastoma using MR perfusion radiomic texture analysis (TA). Methods: 98 patients with pathologically-proven diagnosis of GBM were retrospectively included in this IRB approved HIPAA compliant study. All patients underwent DSC and DCE Perfusion MRI as part of their routine clinical care. Images were analyzed using Nordic ICE 2.3 (NordicNeuroLab) ; rCBV and ktrans maps were obtained. Subsequently, 3D slicer 4.3.1(http://www.slicer.org) was used to segment the entire tumor on the different processed maps to create a volume of interest (VOI) for Radiomic TA. Multiple invariant texture features where then extracted from each VOI. 475 invariant texture features were applied to each map. Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV), receiver operating characteristic (ROC), Kaplan Meier, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between texture feature and pseudoprogression and true progression. Results: Variance and sum entropy were the two most significant radiomic features that discriminated between pseudoprogression and true progression. P value, AUC, specificity and sensitivity were 0.03, 89.26%, 81.82%, and 100% respectively. Conclusions: Radiomic TA derived from perfusion images can be helpful in determining true versus pseudoprogression in GBM. Further, this study illustrates successful application of radiomic TA as an advanced processing step for different MRI perfusion maps (DCE, DSC).
Colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis treated by completed surgery and systemic chemotherapy without HIPEC.
Authors: Yves Becouarn, Camille Maziere, Veronique Brouste, Gregoire Desolneux, Marianne Fonck, Dominique Bechade, Serge Evrard
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e14017 Background: Cytoreductive peritoneal surgery (CPS) associated with hyperthermic peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has become the standard treatment for peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) of colorectal origins. Nevertheless, if CPS efficacy is demonstrated, evidence supporting HIPEC role is lacking. Methods: Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and outcomes were analysed retrospectively for thirty consecutively included patients treated for colorectal PC with CPS and systemic chemotherapy only. Outcomes and morbidity of the treatment were compared to outcomes and morbidity in the literature following CPS + HIPEC treatments. Results: PCI indices ranged from 1-21 with a mean of 9. Median hospitalization duration was 15 days (range 5-51), and median intensive care unit stay was 1 day (range 0-7). There was no post-operative mortality. Seventeen complications were Grade 1 or 2 (Dindo &amp; Clavien), and remaining 13 were Grade 3. Median follow up was 40.7 [95%CI: 15.1 – 66.3] months. Median OS was 30.7 months [95%CI: 12.65-48.66}]. OS estimates were 83% [95CI%: 63.9- 92.5] and 45% [95%CI: 23.7-64.4] at 1 year and 3 years respectively. Median PFS was 11.1 months [95%CI: 7.98-14.25]. PFS at one year was 43.2% [95%CI: 24.7-60.4]. Patients without any other metastases (n=17) had a median OS of 73.3 months [95%CI: 25.7-120.9], compared with median OS of 18.7 months [95%CI, 16.9-20.6] for patients with at least one liver or lung metastases (p=0.011). Conclusions: The results obtained for patients with colorectal PC treated by CPS and systemic chemotherapy compare favourably with series including HIPEC in the treatment. No mortality, shorter operation duration and hospitalization, less blood loss and transfusions, and no hematologic toxicity were observed.
Risk Stratification for Second Primary Lung Cancer
Authors: Summer S. Han, Gabriel A. Rivera, Martin C. Tammemägi, Sylvia K. Plevritis, Scarlett L. Gomez, Iona Cheng, Heather A. Wakelee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

Purpose This study estimated the 10-year risk of developing second primary lung cancer (SPLC) among survivors of initial primary lung cancer (IPLC) and evaluated the clinical utility of the risk prediction model for selecting eligibility criteria for screening. Methods SEER data were used to identify a population-based cohort of 20,032 participants diagnosed with IPLC between 1988 and 2003 and who survived ≥ 5 years after the initial diagnosis. We used a proportional subdistribution hazards model to estimate the 10-year risk of developing SPLC among survivors of lung cancer LC in the presence of competing risks. Considered predictors included age, sex, race, treatment, histology, stage, and extent of disease. We examined the risk-stratification ability of the prediction model and performed decision curve analysis to evaluate the clinical utility of the model by calculating its net benefit in varied risk thresholds for screening. Results Although the median 10-year risk of SPLC among survivors of LC was 8.36%, the estimated risk varied substantially (range, 0.56% to 14.3%) when stratified by age, histology, and extent of IPLC in the final prediction model. The stratification by deciles of estimated risk showed that the observed incidence of SPLC was significantly higher in the tenth-decile group (12.5%) versus the first-decile group (2.9%; P &lt; 10 −10 ). The decision curve analysis yielded a range of risk thresholds (1% to 11.5%) at which the clinical net benefit of the risk model was larger than those in hypothetical all-screening or no-screening scenarios. Conclusion The risk stratification approach in SPLC can be potentially useful for identifying survivors of LC to be screened by computed tomography. More comprehensive environmental and genetic data may help enhance the predictability and stratification ability of the risk model for SPLC.
Regulation of cell cycle progression by cyclooxygenase-2 in colorectal cancer; the role of the EP4 receptor, a novel therapeutic target
Authors: GA Doherty, SM Byrne, ES Molloy, CM Cox, NM Griffin, SC Austin, EW Kay, FE Murray, DJ Fitzgerald
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Aims: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is elevated in colorectal cancer (CRC) and is associated with poor survival for reasons which are not well characterised. We assessed the mechanisms by which COX-2 might regulate cell cycle progression in a colon cancer cell line.
Triple negative breast cancer in a South African urban breast care centre.
Authors: Leanne Prodehl, Carol Benn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e13067 Background: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with advanced stage at presentation, aggressive tumour biology and poor outcomes. There is no published data for South Africa. Methods: A retrospective file review of TNBC cases at the Milpark Breast Care Unit in Johannesburg, South Africa, data were collected on presentation, treatment and outcomes. A prospective file review and telephonic interview were done for further follow up. Results: There were 196 patients with TNBC identified out of 1407 patients (13.9%), 135 patients were analysed. Stage at presentation was IIa and IIb in approximately half (46.7%) of the patients and IIIa, IIIb and IV in a third (31.8%). Patients presented with large tumours -71.8% were T2 to T4; and lymph node positive disease (55.6%). The majority of patients had high-grade, poorly differentiated tumours. The challenges when treating TNBC were reflected in the use of multimodality therapy; 92.2% of patients had chemotherapy, as neoadjuvant (59.3%), adjuvant or both. There were 93 (68.9%) patients treated with adjuvant radiation therapy. If neoadjuvant chemotherapy was given 91.2% had a response. Recurrences occurred in 33 patients, with a 5-year disease free survival of 72.5%, and preponderance to visceral metastases (45.2%). Recurrences occurred early, the median was 23.1 months and all had occurred within eight years. Younger patients (HR 1.58), tumour size and lymph node positivity (HR 4.42) were associated with increased risk of recurrence, but only lymph node positivity was significant (HR 4.42). Complete pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated with fewer recurrences if no tumour was found in either the breast or the lymph nodes (HR 0.33). The 5-year overall survival was 76.4%. There was no significant difference in survival for age, node status, nuclear grade, or complete pathological response, only tumour size at presentation was significantly associated. Conclusions: The prevalence of triple negative breast cancer in a South African breast care unit was similar to some European studies but less than studies in West and East Africa. Patients presented at an advanced stage and had poorer outcomes than luminal breast cancers.
Rocking the shoulder surgeon’s world
Authors: Robert G McCormack, Mark Robert Hutchinson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Dr Schroder and colleagues1 are to be congratulated on performing a high-quality study to address this controversial topic. Randomised surgical trials are difficult to perform, particularly with such a convincing ‘control’ group.

As they point out, the enthusiasm for SLAP repairs has waned over recent years, but it remains a commonly performed operation, which makes this study very relevant.

From a design and performance perspective, the study has many strengths. It was a double-blinded, randomised design with an adequate sample size to detect a clinically relevant difference. The CONSORT flow chart appropriately tracks the screening process and only 14 out of 445 screened patients declined to participate. This rules out significant selection bias. All patients …
Selective screening of breast cancer in women at increased risk: A pilot study.
Authors: Shyam Shunker Manraj, Anil Mohith, Meera Manraj, Sumayyah Kalla, Ramawad Soobrah, Nilufer Jasmine Selimah Fauzee
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e13041 Background: Female Breast Cancer (FBC) ranks first as regards to incidence and mortality worldwide. In Mauritius, this is also the case with an ASR(W) of 58.2/105 for 2014. Early detection through early diagnosis and/or screening are two ways of combatting the disease. In Mauritius, no systematic screening program is currently available, though Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) activities are encouraged as part of Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) programmes. A pilot study for high risk FBC screening by mammography has been conducted in 2015. Methods: Women recently diagnosed with breast cancer below the age of 40 throughout the island were identified and their eligible first degree relatives were invited to participate in our program. The women underwent clinical breast examination as well as imaging tests in a Breast Risk Assessment Clinic to evaluate their breast cancer status. Results: Our 5 month study allowed invitation of 109 first degree relatives out of whom 52 attended the program. This response rate of 48% was due to different reasons including fear, lack of motivation and/or misconceptions regarding breast cancer screening. No sign of malignancy was detected among the 52 participants although signs of benign breast conditions were present in one out of ten women. Most of the participants felt reassured about breast cancer after their participation although some degree of anxiety was experienced during the course of the program. Conclusions: A selective screening program appears preferable to a population based screening program in the Mauritian set up. Promotion of early diagnosis of breast cancer through clinical breast examination and teaching of breast self-examination is also necessary. We hope that the setting up of a selective screening program increases awareness regarding breast cancer and its early signs. Future investigations like BRCA1/2 are to be forecasted for familial hereditary breast cancer, as Mauritius is a small island. Moreover, a gradual destigmatisation of cancer has been noticed in Mauritius, with at least 50% of patients discussing their disease with their families, which breaks the taboo.
Interactions of Neurons with Physical Environments
Authors: Michal Marcus, Koby Baranes, Matthew Park, Insung S. Choi, Kyungtae Kang, Orit Shefi
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2017)

Nerve growth strongly relies on multiple chemical and physical signals throughout development and regeneration. Currently, a cure for injured neuronal tissue is an unmet need. Recent advances in fabrication technologies and materials led to the development of synthetic interfaces for neurons. Such engineered platforms that come in 2D and 3D forms can mimic the native extracellular environment and create a deeper understanding of neuronal growth mechanisms, and ultimately advance the development of potential therapies for neuronal regeneration. This progress report aims to present a comprehensive discussion of this field, focusing on physical feature design and fabrication with additional information about considerations of chemical modifications. We review studies of platforms generated with a range of topographies, from micro‐scale features down to topographical elements at the nanoscale that demonstrate effective interactions with neuronal cells. Fabrication methods are discussed as well as their biological outcomes. This report highlights the interplay between neuronal systems and the important roles played by topography on neuronal differentiation, outgrowth, and development. The influence of substrate structures on different neuronal cells and parameters including cell fate, outgrowth, intracellular remodeling, gene expression and activity is discussed. Matching these effects to specific needs may lead to the emergence of clinical solutions for patients suffering from neuronal injuries or brain‐machine interface (BMI) applications.
A Prospective Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Response Duration of Newly Diagnosed Adult Immune Thrombocytopenia Patients Treated with Low Dose Rituximab and High Dose of Dexamethasone
Authors: Tuphan Kanti Dolai, Soumya Mukherjee, Prakas Kumar Mandal, Rajib De, Prantar Chakrabarti
Journal: Blood (2016)
Associations among plasma adiponectin, leptin, folate, and IGF-1 and age and BMI in women undergoing reduction mammoplasty
Authors: Adana Llanos, Ramona Dumitrescu, Catalin Marian, George Luta, Bin Yi, Addisalem Makuria, Celia Byrne, Bhaskar Kallakury, Scott Spear, Peter Shields
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

3096   Background: Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play a role in the normal development of the human breast and potentially increase breast cancer risk. Adipokines, specifically adiponectin and leptin may also increase breast cancer risk. This study investigates the associations among plasma concentrations of adiponectin, leptin, and IGF-1 and their associations with age and BMI. Study Design: These associations were investigated in a population of women (who have never been diagnosed with breast cancer) undergoing reduction mammoplasty at Georgetown University Medical Center. Plasma as well as age and BMI data were available for 115 of these study participants. Methods: Plasma adiponectin and leptin concentrations were quantified using commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Plasma folate and IGF-1 concentrations were quantified using the Immulite 1000 system. Assay results were highly reproducible and intra-assay variation was minimal. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to describe the associations. Results: We observed correlation coefficients ranging from r=-0.38 to 0.70. We found statistically significant associations between BMI and adiponectin (P=0.002), leptin (P
Abstract 17978: ABSORB Evaluation of the Bioresorbable Everolimus-Eluting Vascular Scaffold (BVS) in the Treatment of Patients with de Novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions: 9 Months and 1 Year Clinical Results of Cohort B and 4 Years Clinical Results of Cohort A
Authors: Patrick W Serruys, Yoshinobu Onuma
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background: The ABSORB Cohort A trial results demonstrated the safety of the BVS (Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold, Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara) in 30 patients with single de novo native coronary a...
<i>JAMA Pediatrics</i> Annual Contest for Trainees
Authors: Frederick P. Rivara
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2017)

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Northern Ireland’s GPs miss out on £1m of QOF funding
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2017)

The BMA has warned that general practices in Northern Ireland could lose out on as much as £20 000 because the Department of Health has not adjusted funding for increases in practice lists.

Tom Black, chair of the BMA’s Northern Ireland General Practitioners Committee, said that GPs in the country faced a £1m reduction to Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) funding.

He explained, “There are a lot of irregularities at the moment around QOF because big practices are closing and average list sizes are going up because of mergers. Essentially, when you calculate what you …