tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effects of short-term, medium-term and long-term resistance exercise training on cardiometabolic health outcomes in adults: systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Ruth E Ashton, Garry A Tew, Jonathan J Aning, Stephen E Gilbert, Liane Lewis, John M Saxton
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2018)

Objective To examine the effects of short-term, medium-term and long-term resistance exercise training (RET) on measures of cardiometabolic health in adults. Design Intervention systematic review. Data sources MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to February 2018. The search strategy included the following keywords: resistance exercise, strength training and randomised controlled trial. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Randomised controlled trials published in English comparing RET≥2 weeks in duration with a non-exercising control or usual care group. Participants were non-athletic and aged ≥18 years. Results A total of 173 trials were included. Medium-term and long-term RET reduced systolic blood pressure (−4.02 (95% CI −5.92 to −2.11) mm Hg, p&lt;0.0001 and −5.08 (−10.04 to –0.13) mm Hg, p=0.04, respectively) and diastolic blood pressure (−1.73 (−2.88 to –0.57) mm Hg, p=0.003 and −4.93 (−8.58 to –1.28) mm Hg, p=0.008, respectively) versus control. Medium-term RET elicited reductions in fasted insulin and insulin resistance (−0.59 (−0.97 to –0.21) µU/mL, p=0.002 and −1.22 (−2.29 to –0.15) µU/mL, p=0.02, respectively). The effects were greater in those with elevated cardiometabolic risk or disease compared with younger healthy adults. The quality of evidence was low or very low for all outcomes. There was limited evidence of adverse events. Conclusions RET may be effective for inducing improvements in cardio metabolic health outcomes in healthy adults and those with an adverse cardio metabolic risk profile. PROSPERO registration number NCT42016037946 .
Lung volume indices predict morbidity in smokers with preserved spirometry
Authors: Siyang Zeng, Andrea Tham, Bruce Bos, Joan Jin, Brian Giang, Mehrdad Arjomandi
Journal: Thorax (2018)

Background Abnormal lung volumes that reflect air trapping are common in COPD. However, their significance in smokers with preserved spirometry (normal FEV 1 to FVC ratio) is unclear. Methods Using the Veterans Administration Informatics and Computing Infrastructure database, we identified 7479 patients at risk for COPD (ever smokers &gt;40 years of age without restrictive lung disease) who had preserved spirometry and concomitant lung volume measurements, and examined their subsequent health records for clinical diagnoses of COPD, healthcare utilisation, follow-up spirometry and mortality. Results Air trapping was prevalent, with 31% of patients having residual volume to total lung capacity ratio (RV:TLC) greater than the upper limit of normal (ULN). RV:TLC varied widely from 14% to 77% (51% to 204% of predicted) across the normal ranges of FEV 1 :FVC and FEV 1 . Patients with RV:TLC greater than the ULN were more likely to receive subsequent clinical diagnoses of COPD (HR (95% CI)=1.55 (1.42 to 1.70), p&lt;0.001) and had higher all-cause mortality (HR (95% CI)=1.41 (1.29 to 1.54), p&lt;0.001). They had higher rates of respiratory medication prescriptions and hospital and intensive care unit admissions. Other air trapping and static hyperinflation indices showed similar associations with health outcomes. Additionally, high-normal RV:TLC was associated with intermediate adverse health outcomes compared with low-normal and abnormal RV:TLC. Abnormal RV:TLC predicted higher likelihood of progression to spirometric COPD (OR (95% CI)=1.30 (1.03 to 1.65), p=0.027). Conclusion In this study of the Veterans Affairs electronic health records, air trapping was common in smokers with preserved spirometry and predicted adverse respiratory outcomes and progression to overt COPD.
Genome-wide association and HLA fine-mapping studies identify risk loci and genetic pathways underlying allergic rhinitis
Authors: Johannes Waage, Marie Standl, John A. Curtin, Leon E. Jessen, Jonathan Thorsen, Chao Tian, Nathan Schoettler, Carlos Flores, Abdel Abdellaoui, Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia, Alexessander C. Alves, Andre F. S. Amaral, Josep M. Antó, Andreas Arnold, Amalia Barreto-Luis, Hansjörg Baurecht, Catharina E. M. van Beijsterveldt, Eugene R. Bleecker, Sílvia Bonàs-Guarch, Dorret I. Boomsma, Susanne Brix, Supinda Bunyavanich, Esteban G. Burchard, Zhanghua Chen, Ivan Curjuric, Adnan Custovic, Herman T. den Dekker, Shyamali C. Dharmage, Julia Dmitrieva, Liesbeth Duijts, Markus J. Ege, W. James Gauderman, Michel Georges, Christian Gieger, Frank Gilliland, Raquel Granell, Hongsheng Gui, Torben Hansen, Joachim Heinrich, John Henderson, Natalia Hernandez-Pacheco, Patrick Holt, Medea Imboden, Vincent W. V. Jaddoe, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Deborah L. Jarvis, Kamilla K. Jensen, Ingileif Jónsdóttir, Michael Kabesch, Jaakko Kaprio, Ashish Kumar, Young-Ae Lee, Albert M. Levin, Xingnan Li, Fabian Lorenzo-Diaz, Erik Melén, Josep M. Mercader, Deborah A. Meyers, Rachel Myers, Dan L. Nicolae, Ellen A. Nohr, Teemu Palviainen, Lavinia Paternoster, Craig E. Pennell, Göran Pershagen, Maria Pino-Yanes, Nicole M. Probst-Hensch, Franz Rüschendorf, Angela Simpson, Kari Stefansson, Jordi Sunyer, Gardar Sveinbjornsson, Elisabeth Thiering, Philip J. Thompson, Maties Torrent, David Torrents, Joyce Y. Tung, Carol A. Wang, Stephan Weidinger, Scott Weiss, Gonneke Willemsen, L. Keoki Williams, Carole Ober, David A. Hinds, Manuel A. Ferreira, Hans Bisgaard, David P. Strachan, Klaus Bønnelykke
Journal: Nature Genetics (2018)
Characteristics and Skin Cancer Risk Behaviors of Adult Sunless Tanners in the United States
Authors: Melissa Dodds, Sarah T. Arron, Eleni Linos, Ingrid Polcari, Matthew D. Mansh
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> Incidence rates of nonmelanoma and melanoma skin cancers are increasing rapidly in the United States likely because of increased UV light exposure. Sunless tanning is a safe alternative to achieve tanned skin that might help reduce skin cancer incidence by deterring risky behaviors. However, limited data exist on the characteristics and associated skin cancer risk behaviors of sunless tanners in the United States. <h3>Objective</h3> To assess the demographic characteristics and skin cancer risk behaviors of sunless tanners among adults in the United States. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study used data from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey, a population-based survey of the US noninstitutionalized civilian population. Participants included 27 353 men and women 18 years or older. <h3>Main Outcome and Measures</h3> Participant demographics and skin cancer risk behaviors, including indoor tanning, skin cancer screening, sunburn, and sun protection behaviors. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 27 353 adults (representative of more than 198 million US adults; mean [SE] age, 46.0 [0.2] years) studied, 6.4% (SE, 0.2%) reported sunless tanning. Factors associated with sunless tanning included being young, female, non-Hispanic white, college educated, nonobese, and sun sensitive, living in the western United States, and having a family history of skin cancer. Sunless tanners were more likely to report indoor tanning (adjusted prevalence odds ratio [aPOR], 3.77; 95% CI, 3.19-4.43;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), recent sunburn (aPOR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.31-1.83;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), use of sunscreen (β = 0.19; 95% CI, 0.09-0.28;<i>P</i> &lt; .001), and having had a full-body skin examination (aPOR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.51-2.08;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) but less likely to seek shade (β = −0.12; 95% CI, −0.19 to −0.04;<i>P</i> = .001) or use protective clothing when outdoors (long pants: β = −0.18; 95% CI, −0.26 to −0.11;<i>P</i> &lt; .001; long sleeves: β = −0.10; 95% CI, −0.18 to −0.03;<i>P</i> = .01). Among indoor tanners, sunless tanners compared with those who did not sunless tan reported increased frequency of indoor tanning (mean [SE], 19.2 [1.9] vs 14.9 [1.2] sessions in the past 12 months;<i>P</i> = .04) but no differences in other skin cancer risk behaviors. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This study suggests that sunless tanning is associated with risky skin cancer–related behaviors. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess whether sunless tanning changes UV exposure behaviors to better determine whether sunless tanning represents an effective public health strategy to reduce rates of skin cancer in the United States.
Randomized Trial of Spheroid Reservoir Bioartificial Liver in Porcine Model of Posthepatectomy Liver Failure
Authors: Harvey S. Chen, Dong Jin Joo, Mohammed Shaheen, Yi Li, Yujia Wang, Jian Yang, Clara T. Nicolas, Kelly Predmore, Bruce Amiot, Gregory Michalak, Taofic Mounajjed, Jeff Fidler, Walter K. Kremers, Scott L. Nyberg
Journal: Hepatology (2018)

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a catastrophic condition that can occur after major liver resection. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the spheroid reservoir bio‐artificial liver (SRBAL) on survival, serum chemistry, and liver regeneration in posthepatectomy ALF pigs. Wild‐type large white swine (20 kg‐30 kg) underwent intracranial pressure (ICP) probe placement followed by 85% hepatectomy. Computed tomography (CT) volumetrics were performed to measure the extent of resection, and at 48 hours following hepatectomy to assess regeneration of the remnant liver. Animals were randomized into three groups based on treatment delivered 24‐48 hours after hepatectomy: Group1—standard medical therapy (SMT, n = 6); Group2—SMT plus bio‐artificial liver treatment using no hepatocytes (0 g, n = 6); and Group3—SMT plus SRBAL treatment using 200 g of primary porcine hepatocyte spheroids (200 g, n = 6). The primary endpoint was survival to 90 hours following hepatectomy. Death equivalent was defined as unresponsive grade 4 hepatic encephalopathy or ICP greater than 20 mmHg with clinical evidence of brain herniation. All animals in both (SMT and 0 g) control groups met the death equivalent before 51 hours following hepatectomy. Five of 6 animals in the 200‐g group survived to 90 hours ( P &lt; 0.01). The mean ammonia, ICP, and international normalized ratio values were significantly lower in the 200‐g group. CT volumetrics demonstrated increased volume regeneration at 48 hours following hepatectomy in the 200‐g group compared with the SMT ( P &lt; 0.01) and 0‐g ( P &lt; 0.01) groups. Ki‐67 staining showed increased positive staining at 48 hours following hepatectomy ( P &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: The SRBAL improved survival, reduced ammonia, and accelerated liver regeneration in posthepatectomy ALF. Improved survival was associated with a neuroprotective benefit of SRBAL therapy. These favorable results warrant further clinical testing of the SRBAL.
Contact Precautions to Prevent Pathogen Transmission
Authors: Amy Beth Kressel
Journal: JAMA (2018)

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Implications of converging conflicts, emergencies, and mass gatherings for global health security
Authors: Habida Elachola, Seydou Doumbia, Rana F Kattan, Ibrahim Abubakar, Ziad A Memish
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2018)

In 2017, 29 countries received UN humanitarian assistance, with coverage reaching 93 million people.1 In 2014–15, three west African countries experienced Ebola-virus-related emergencies that adversely affected health systems.2 Man-made and natural emergencies lead to weakening or cessation of disease control efforts and surveillance systems, allowing outbreaks of infectious diseases to go undetected before reaching epidemic thresholds.3 Ample historical evidence suggests an ecological association between conflicts and diseases; examples include the Roman civil war in 165–189 (the Antonine plague), the Crimean war in 1854–55 (cholera), and World War 2 in 1939–45 (diphtheria).
Media Dissemination of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment After President Donald Trump’s Medical Evaluation
Authors: Hourmazd Haghbayan, Eric A. Coomes, Asim N. Cheema, Kaveh G. Shojania
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2018)

This study presents data on the surge in interest in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in the wake of news about US President Donald Trump undergoing this test.
Utility of Doppler Echocardiography and Tissue Doppler Imaging in the Estimation of Diastolic Function in Heart Failure With Normal Ejection Fraction
Authors: MarioKasner, DirkWestermann, PaulSteendijk, ReginaGaub, UrsulaWilkenshoff, KerstinWeitmann, WolfgangHoffmann, WolfgangPoller, Heinz-PeterSchultheiss, MatthiasPauschinger, CarstenTschöpe
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background— Various conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiographic indexes were compared with pressure–volume loop analysis to assess their accuracy in detecting left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction in patients with heart failure with normal ejection fraction (HFNEF). Methods and Results— Diastolic dysfunction was confirmed by pressure–volume loop analysis obtained by conductance catheter in 43 patients (19 men) with HFNEF. Their Doppler indexes were compared with those of 12 control patients without heart failure symptoms and with normal ejection fraction. Invasively measured indexes for diastolic relaxation (τ, dP/dtmin), LV end-diastolic pressure, and LV end-diastolic pressure–volume relationship (stiffness, b [dP/dV], and stiffness constant, β) were correlated with several conventional mitral flow and tissue Doppler imaging indexes. Conventional Doppler indexes correlated moderately with the degree of LV relaxation index, τ (E/A: r=−0.36, P=0.013; isovolumic relaxation time: r=0.31, P=0.040)...
Idunaはポリ(ADPリボース)ポリマーが誘発する細胞死の妨害によりグルタミン酸興奮毒性と脳卒中から脳を保護する
Authors: Andrabi Shaida A, Kang Ho Chul, Lee Yun-Il, Chi Zhikai, West Andrew B, Dawson Ted M, Dawson Valina L, Haince Jean-Francois, Poirier Guy G, Zhang Jian, Koehler Raymond C
Journal: Nature Medicine (2011)
Exploration of risk factors for osteoporotic fracture following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Authors: Huifang Lu, William A Murphy, Chidinma Chizoba Ebede, Erfan Karim, Gabriela Rondon, Cheuk Hong Leung, Suyu Liu, Richard E. Champlin, Xerxes Pundole
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

10080 Background: The incidence of fractures following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) ranges from 5% to 12% and the rates are up to 10 times greater than in the general population. The risk factors involved in osteoporotic fracture development following HSCT are incompletely understood. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients &gt; 18 years that received a HSCT at MD Anderson Cancer Center, from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2010. Patients were followed until December 31, 2013 for assessment of osteoporotic fracture occurrence using ICD-9 codes and confirmed by chart review. Cox regression model was used to identify independent risk factors for osteoporotic fractures. Factors included individual risk factors included in the World Health Organization Fracture Risk Assessment Tool FRAX and type of HSCT, type of preparatory regimen and underlying indication for HSCT. Results: A total of 5,170 patients received a HSCT during the 10-year study period, of which 527 (10%) patients developed an osteoporotic fracture. The median time of follow up was 3.2 years. A multivariate Cox regression model considering all clinical and malignancy specific risk factors was fitted. With the control of all other variables, the risk of developing fracture was 1.20 (95% confidence interval (CI):1.02-1.41) times higher for every 20 years increase in age at HSCT; female patients had a 1.24 (95% CI: 1.05-1.48) times higher risk compared to male patients; patients with a fracture prior to HSCT had a 2.01 (95% CI: 1.62-2.51) times higher risk compared to patients without a prior fracture; patients receiving an allogeneic HSCT had a 1.57 (95% CI: 1.20-2.05) times higher risk compared to patients receiving an autologous HSCT; and patients with multiple myeloma had a 2.62 (95% CI: 1.97-3.49) times higher risk compared to patients without multiple myeloma. Conclusions: Age at HSCT, gender, prior fracture status, type of HSCT, and underlying indication were identified to be statistically significantly associated with fracture. This is one of the first large scale studies assessing a comprehensive set of risk factors. To develop a risk model for fracture, we should consider these factors.
IgG against S. aureus in paediatric atopic dermatitis
Authors: J.E.E. Totté, L.M. Pardo, K.B. Fieten, J. de Wit, D.V. de Boer, W.J. van Wamel, S.G.M.A. Pasmans
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

This study, carried out by a group from the Netherlands and Switzerland, explored the relationship between production of the antibody type known as IgG against components of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus by patients with atopic eczema. This bacterium is frequently found on the skin of children and adults with atopic eczema and has been associated with worsening of the condition, largely through stimulation of the immune system or by causing an allergic response to the bacteria themselves. In this investigation the investigators looked for the presence of antibodies of the IgG class against different components of the bacteria in patients with atopic eczema and then compared this with the severity of the disease. They found that antibodies against products of the bacteria, sometimes known as virulence factors, that are involved in reducing normal immune responses are associated with increasing severity of the disease. An example of a bacterial product that reduces immunity in this study is a protein that causes destruction of human white blood cells. This suggests that these immunity‐reducing components may also be factors that aggravate eczema by allowing the organisms to survive longer on the skin surface and it provides another explanation as to why the bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, on eczematous skin should be reduced in number or removed completely.
A Systems Biology Approach for Studying Heterotopic Ossification: Proteomic Analysis of Clinical Serum and Tissue Samples
Authors: Erin L. Crowgey, Jennifer T. Wyffels, Patrick M. Osborn, Thomas T. Wood, Laura E. Edsberg
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2018)

Heterotopic ossification (HO) refers to the abnormal formation of bone in soft tissue. Although some of the underlying processes of HO have been described, there are currently no clinical tests using validated biomarkers for predicting HO formation. As such, the diagnosis is made radiographically after HO has formed. To identify potential and novel biomarkers for HO, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and high-throughput antibody arrays to produce a semi-quantitative proteomics survey of serum and tissue from subjects with (HO
The meaning of a claim is its reproducibility
Authors: Jan P. de Ruiter
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2018)

Abstract A scientific claim is a generalization based on a reported statistically significant effect. The reproducibility of that claim is its scientific meaning. Anything not explicitly mentioned in a scientific claim as a limitation of the claim's scope means that it implicitly generalizes over these unmentioned aspects. Hence, so-called “conceptual” replications that differ in these unmentioned aspects from the original study are legitimate, and necessary to test the generalization implied by the original study's claim.
Rare Case of Cardiac Hemangioma Causing Massive Pericardial Effusion
Authors: SojiNishio, KunihikoKosuga, SenriMiwa, YasueFujiwara, KazuhikoKatsuyama, TatsuhikoHata, MasaharuOkada, YuzoTakeuchi, ShinsakuTakeda, YasutakaInuzuka, JunyaSeki, EijiTakeuchi, TsuyoshiTerashima, ShigeruIkeguchi
Journal: Circulation (2015)
The Republican War on Obamacare — What Has It Achieved?
Authors: Jonathan Oberlander
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Interview with Dr. Jonathan Oberlander on the results of Republican opposition to the Affordable Care Act. (09:24)Download The scope, intensity, and duration of the Republican campaign against the Affordable Care Act are remarkable. Yet Republican resistance to Obamacare has produced more in the way of unattainable promises to erase the law than actual policy changes.
Abstract 14911: RDX227675, the Calcium Salt of a Novel Polystyrene Sulfonate-Based Resin, Reduces Potassium Absorption in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Vanessa Zann, Chris Roe, Jeffrey W Jacobs, James P Davidson, Robert C Blanks, David P Rosenbaum
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Patients with heart failure or chronic kidney disease, especially those taking RAAS inhibitors, are at high risk of developing hyperkalemia, which can lead to consequences such as sud...
Evidence and tips on the use of medication compliance aids
Authors: Daniel S Furmedge, Jennifer M Stevenson, Rebekah Schiff, J Graham Davies
Journal: BMJ (2018)

### What you need to know

Older people, and those with frailty and multiple comorbidities can have complex medication regimens, which can be challenging for patients, carers, and healthcare practitioners to manage. Some patients choose not to take all their medications (intentional non-adherence)—this accounts for approximately 50% of non-adherence in patients over the age of 65.123 Others, for example those with cognitive impairment, may forget or find it difficult to manage taking their medication (unintentional non-adherence).

To address unintentional non-adherence, patients can use electronic reminders and devices, support from carers, and medication compliance aids (MCAs) to help them follow their medication regimens.4 Use of multi-compartment MCAs seems to be increasing, although there are no reliable data on UK prevalence.5 Multi-compartment MCAs can be called multi-dose drug dispensing systems, or “Dossett Boxes” after one of the original marketed versions.567 Examples or other brands include NOMAD and Venalink. Importantly, these devices only store …