tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Identification of Diagnostic Criteria for Chronic Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis. An International Modified Delphi Survey
Authors: Julie Morisset, Kerri A. Johannson, Kirk D. Jones, Paul J. Wolters, Harold R. Collard, Simon L. F. Walsh, Brett Ley, Katerina M. Antoniou, Deborah Assayag, Juergen Behr, Francesco Bonella, Kevin K. Brown, Bridget F. Collins, Yvon Cormier, Tamera J. Corte, Ulrich Costabel, Sonye K. Danoff, Kaïssa de Boer, Evans R. Fernandez Perez, Kevin R. Flaherty, Nicole S. L. Goh, Ian Glaspole, Mark G. Jones, Yasuhiro Kondoh, Michael Kreuter, Yves Lacasse, Lisa H. Lancaster, David J. Lederer, Joyce S. Lee, Toby M. Maher, Fernando J. Martinez, Keith C. Meyer, Joshua J. Mooney, Xavier Muñoz Gall, Paul W. Noble, Imre Noth, Justin M. Oldham, Carlos Alberto de Castro Pereira, Venerino Poletti, Moises Selman, Paolo Spagnolo, Elisabetta Renzoni, Luca Richeldi, Christopher J. Ryerson, Jay H. Ryu, Margaret L. Salisbury, Mary E. Strek, Sara Tomassetti, Dominique Valeyre, Carlo Vancheri, Marlies S. Wijsenbeek, Wim Wuyts
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2017)

Rationale: Current diagnosis of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (cHP) involves considering a combination of clinical, radiological, and pathological information in multidisciplinary team discussions. However, this approach is highly variable with poor agreement between centers.Objectives: We aimed to identify diagnostic criteria for cHP that reach consensus among international experts.Methods: A three-round modified Delphi survey was conducted between April and August 2017. A total of 45 experts in interstitial lung disease from 14 countries participated in the online survey. Diagnostic items included in round 1 were generated using expert interviews and literature review. During rounds 1 and 2, experts rated the importance of each diagnostic item on a 5-point Likert scale. The a priori threshold of consensus was 75% or greater of experts rating a diagnostic item as very important or important. In the third round, experts graded the items that met consensus as important and provided their level of diagnostic confidence for a series of clinical scenarios.Measurements and Main Results: Consensus was achieved on 18 of the 40 diagnostic items. Among these, experts gave the highest level of importance to the identification of a causative antigen, time relation between exposure and disease, mosaic attenuation on chest imaging, and poorly formed nonnecrotizing granulomas on pathology. In clinical scenarios, the diagnostic confidence of experts in cHP was heightened by the presence of these diagnostic items.Conclusions: This consensus-based approach for the diagnosis of cHP represents a first step toward the development of international guidelines for the diagnosis of cHP.
Effectiveness of gastrostomy for improving nutritional status and quality of life in patients with epidermolysis bullosa: a systematic review
Authors: A.P.C. Zidorio, E.S. Dutra, L.C.G. Castro, K.M.B. Carvalho
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2017)

Individuals with epidermolysis bullosa (EB) may present with a broad spectrum of growth impairment and multiorgan disorders, with compromised nutritional status and quality of life. The provision of nutrients through a gastrostomy tube may minimize EB‐related malnourishment but may also result in skin injuries and infections. In this systematic review we consider the current evidence about the effectiveness of gastrostomy in restoring nutritional status and improving quality of life in patients with EB. Seven studies (n = 146) met selection criteria and patients ranged in age from 6 weeks to 33 years of age. Although it is not a risk‐free procedure, the placement of a gastrostomy tube is a feasible and safe alternative to provide nutritional support and to improve the quality of life of patients.
On the Wrongness of Exploitation and the Voluntariness of Consent in Clinical Research on Opioid Assisted Treatment
Authors: Susanne Uusitalo
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2017)

"On the Wrongness of Exploitation and the Voluntariness of Consent in Clinical Research on Opioid Assisted Treatment." The American Journal of Bioethics, 17(12), pp. 44–45
Building Bridges through Science
Authors: Thomas Lissek, Michelle Adams, John Adelman, Ehud Ahissar, Mohammed Akaaboune, Huda Akil, Mustafa al’Absi, Fazal Arain, Juan Carlos Arango-Lasprilla, Deniz Atasoy, Jesus Avila, Ashraf Badawi, Hilmar Bading, Abdul Mannan Baig, Jimena Baleriola, Carlos Belmonte, Ilaria Bertocchi, Heinrich Betz, Colin Blakemore, Olaf Blanke, Philipp Boehm-Sturm, Tobias Bonhoeffer, Paolo Bonifazi, Nils Brose, Patrizia Campolongo, Tansu Celikel, Cathy C. Chang, Ta-Yuan Chang, Ami Citri, Hollis T. Cline, Jesus M. Cortes, Kathleen Cullen, Kellie Dean, José M. Delgado-Garcia, Mathieu Desroches, John F. Disterhoft, John E. Dowling, Andreas Draguhn, Sherif F. El-Khamisy, Abdeljabbar El Manira, S. Ather Enam, Juan M. Encinas, Asier Erramuzpe, José A. Esteban, Isabel Fariñas, Edmond Fischer, Izumi Fukunaga, Iñigo Gabilondo, Detlev Ganten, Albert Gidon, Juan Carlos Gomez-Esteban, Paul Greengard, Valery Grinevich, Agnés Gruart, Roger Guillemin, Ahmad R. Hariri, Bassem Hassan, Michael Häusser, Yasunori Hayashi, Natasha K. Hussain, Adnan Abdul Jabbar, Mohamed Jaber, Reinhardt Jahn, Essam Mohammed Janahi, Mohamed Kabbaj, Helmut Kettenmann, Merel Kindt, Shira Knafo, Georg Köhr, Shoji Komai, Harm Krugers, Bernd Kuhn, Nouria Lakhdar Ghazal, Matthew E. Larkum, Mickey London, Beat Lutz, Carlos Matute, Luis Martinez-Millan, Mouna Maroun, James McGaugh, Ahmed A. Moustafa, Anwar Nasim, Klaus-Armin Nave, Erwin Neher, Karoly Nikolich, Tiago Outeiro, Lucy M. Palmer, Olga Penagarikano, Isabel Perez-Otano, Donald W. Pfaff, Bruno Poucet, Atta-ur Rahman, Pedro Ramos-Cabrer, Ali Rashidy-Pour, Richard J. Roberts, Serafim Rodrigues, Joshua R. Sanes, Andreas T. Schaefer, Menahem Segal, Idan Segev, Saad Shafqat, Nikhat Ahmed Siddiqui, Hermona Soreq, Eduardo Soriano-García, Rainer Spanagel, Rolf Sprengel, Greg Stuart, Thomas C. Südhof, Jan Tønnesen, Mario Treviño, Basim M. Uthman, J. Craig Venter, Alexei Verkhratsky, Craig Weiss, Torsten N. Wiesel, Emre Yaksi, Ofer Yizhar, Larry J. Young, Paul Young, Nasser H. Zawia, José L. Zugaza, Mazahir T. Hasan
Journal: Neuron (2017)
Sensitivity to the Deficits Associated With Traumatic Brain Injury or Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy—Reply
Authors: Amanda R. Rabinowitz, Sameer K. Deshpande, Dylan S. Small
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Reduction of <i>Loa loa</i> Microfilaremia with Imatinib — A Case Report
Authors: Elise M O'Connell, Thomas B Nutman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

Patients with high levels of L. loa microfilariae in the blood are susceptible to an adverse reaction to eradication therapy, presumably related to rapid release of microfilariae antigens. In this case report, imatinib lowered microfilariae levels slowly over several days.
68Ga–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Uptake in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor
Authors: Tom Laurens, Fred Witjes, Marcel Janssen, Uta Flucke, Martin Gottardt
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2017)

A 62-year-old man with recently diagnosed prostatic adenocarcinoma was referred for a whole-body Ga-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT scan for staging. Although the scan did not reveal metastatic disease, it did reveal a PSMA-avid lesion in the upper abdomen located between the liver and the stomach. Histopathologic examination demonstrated a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. The lesion demonstrated increased uptake in the margins of the tumor with a central photopenic area, which we consider to be the typical pattern on PSMA images of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor, based on theoretical PSMA distribution in such a tumor and other reported cases.
Continuous Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring
Authors: Iain Chalmers
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

It was heartening to read an article by a senior obstetrician—Mary Macintosh—describing the difficulty experienced by the Confidential Enquiry into Stillbirths and Deaths in Infancy when assessing the interpretation of fetal heart rate monitoring patterns during labour (January 2001, JRSM, pp. 14-16). Like her, I have experienced difficulty in drawing robust causal inferences from observational studies1, and I agree with her that the existing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) can not rule out the possibility that mortality is lower with continuous fetal heart rate monitoring than with intermittent auscultation. Data from the Cochrane systematic review2, for example, are compatible with a 40% reduction in the odds of intrapartum and first week deaths of normally formed babies—a reduction that many people would consider important even though such deaths are now very rare indeed.

What prospects are there for obtaining unbiased and more precise estimates of the effects of continuous monitoring on mortality and, perhaps, cerebral palsy? Sample size certainly presents a challenge, but this should not be regarded as insuperable. More than a decade ago, a multinational RCT quickly showed, after cluster randomizing 70 000 women, that routine formal fetal movement counting is unlikely to be a very effective way of reducing fetal deaths3. Such multicentre studies not only make large studies easier to mount, they also provide evidence that may be more widely applicable. The recently published trial of elective caesarean section for breech presentation at term exemplifies this impressively4.

Pending decisions about whether further randomized trials are feasible, the existing evidence2 can still inform practice. The reduction in neonatal seizures associated with continuous fetal heart rate monitoring has only been seen in controlled trials in which this screening test was used in conjunction with an assessment of fetal acid—base status to rule out ‘false positives’2. There is no robust evidence to support the use of continuous fetal heart rate monitoring alone, which simply increases the use of caesarean section, with no evidence of any compensating beneficial effects.

Just as long as the evidence Mary Macintosh has reviewed remains so slim, it will be difficult to know what should constitute ‘quality’ in the interpretation of fetal heart rate traces. She mentions that ‘a national evidence-based guideline funded by the Department of Health is in preparation’. I hope that it will be recognized that the most rational starting place for developing guidelines for interpreting fetal heart rate traces is the practice within those controlled trials, such as the Dublin study5, which have shown a beneficial effect on neonatal seizures.
Converging on a theory of language through multiple methods
Authors: Mónica González-Márquez, Michele I Feist, Liane Ströbel
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Assuming that linguistic representation has been studied only by linguists using grammaticality judgments, Branigan & Pickering (B&P) present structural priming as a novel alternative. We show that their assumptions are incorrect for cognitive-functional linguistics, exposing converging perspectives on form/meaning pairings between generativists and cognitive-functional linguists that we hope will spark the cross-disciplinary discussion necessary to produce a cognitively plausible model of linguistic representation.
Excellent Outcomes of Liver Transplantation Following Down-Staging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma to Within Milan Criteria: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Neil Mehta, Jennifer Guy, Catherine T. Frenette, Jennifer L. Dodge, Robert W. Osorio, William B. Minteer, John P. Roberts, Francis Y. Yao
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2017)
Abstract 14071: HSP27 and Anti-HSP27 Autoantibodies: Novel CAD Biomarkers That Non-Invasively Stratified a Medically Underserviced Population
Authors: Edward R OBrien, Chunhua Shi, Yong-Xiang Chen, Brenig Gwilym, Clara Massey, Alexandria Hellmich, William Gerthoffer
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background:  There is an important need to develop reliable, non-invasive biomarkers reflective of coronary artery disease (CAD). Previously, we reported that reduced serum Heat Shock Protein 27 (HSP27) levels measured using an ELISA method are associated with increased 5-year risk of cardiovascular death, MI or CVA. However, we recently noted the presence of HSP27 autoantibodies (AAbs) in serum that effectively obfuscate HSP27 ELISA measurements. Therefore we developed a novel mass spectrometry (MS) method to quantify (true) HSP27 serum levels.   Purpose:  To determine if serum HSP27 (as measured by MS) and anti-HSP27 AAbs levels correlate with the freedom from CAD.   Methods:  Serum HSP27 (using MS) and AAb levels were assessed in 242 patients with CAD (e.g., rest angina >20’, ECG changes, ACS, revascularization) or 92 subjects without (Healthy Control, HC). The cohorts consisted of approximately 40% medically underserved individuals.   Results:  Matching for sex and age, 79 cases in each group were compared. a) The MS HSP27 assay yielded results that paralleled our previous report on the predictive value of HSP27 levels measured by ELISA but were ~100-fold higher. CAD patients had lower Hsp27 (323.8 vs. 377.4 ng/ml; p=0.00067) and anti-Hsp27 levels (25.8 vs. 46.3 units; p=2.9E-6) compared to HC. b) Serial assessment of HSP27 levels did not vary over time (e.g., assays every 6 months) in stable subjects with or without CAD. c) Compared to female HCs, CAD females had lower HSP27 (350.3 vs. 387.9ng/ml; p=0.024) and anti-HSP27 levels (22.3 vs. 49.6 units; p=0.00015). Compared to male HCs, CAD males also had lower HSP27 (314.0 vs. 352.5 ng/ml; p=0.026) and anti-HSP27 levels (28.9 vs. 43.0 units; p=0.0073). d) HSP27 and anti-HSP27 AAbs levels are higher in females age  60 years (p=0.0048, p=0.016); while there were no age differences in males levels (p=0.524 and p=0.776).   Conclusion:  A novel MS assay for serum Hsp27 levels represent a robust new biomarker for CAD. As well, coupled with our recent  in vitro  studies on the mechanisms by which AAbs potentiate HSP27 signaling, we established the importance of AAbs as a complimentary biomarker for CAD. Together, these studies highlight the potential for developing HSP27 replacement / immunization therapy.
Early detection of transformation of plexiform neurofibromas to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in neurofibromatosis type 1.
Authors: Sucharita Bhaumik, Douglas Stewart, Alexander Pemov, Peter L. Choyke, Eva Dombi, John Glod, Markku Miettinen, Javed Khan, Seth M Steinberg, Anne Goodwin, Andrea Baldwin, Brigitte C. Widemann
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

TPS10083 Background: Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), an autosomal dominant genetic disorder, is characterized by development of benign plexiform neurofibromas (PN) and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) that often develops from malignant transformation in a preexisting PN. Complete surgical resection is only curative treatment, making early detection of malignant transformation an important goal. A preliminary study by Meany et al [Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013, 60(1): 59-64] using 18Fluoro-deoxy-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) to identify concerning lesions, described high FDG uptake in both malignant and benign PN.18F-3´-fluoro-3´-deoxy-L-thymidine (FLT) PET measures cell cycling and proliferation. We hypothesize that FLT-PET may be more sensitive and specific in the identification of malignancy. This pilot study in NF1 patients with lesions concerning for MPNST will evaluate 1) feasibility of FLT-PET 2) ability of FLT-PET to distinguish benign from malignant and 3) perform comprehensive genomic analyses from tumor and blood samples. Methods: Trial design: Fifteen patients with NF1 and lesions concerning for malignant transformation are eligible. Patients undergo clinical evaluation of NF1 manifestations, whole body MRI with volumetric analysis of tumor burden, FDG and FLT-PET, guided biopsies of the concerning lesion and of adjacent presumably benign PN for detailed pathologic analysis. Germline blood samples, tissue samples from concerning lesion and surrounding presumably benign PN (Trios) will undergo genomic analysis. The reader of the PET studies will be blinded to the pathologic diagnosis. Exploratory statistical methods will be used to evaluate the differences in uptake between the two groups (FDG and FLT), followed by logistic regression to identify uptake values most associated with benign versus malignant classification. Clinical, imaging, histopathologic, and genomic features will be correlated in an exploratory fashion, to describe features associated with malignant transformation. This single institution trial (NCT02211768) is open for enrollment at the NCI, and has enrolled the first patient. Clinical trial information: NCT02211768.
The Glucocorticoid Receptor Is a Key Player for Prostate Cancer Cell Survival and a Target for Improved Antiandrogen Therapy
Authors: Martin Puhr, Julia Hoefer, Andrea Eigentler, Christian Ploner, Florian Handle, Georg Schaefer, Jan Kroon, Angela Leo, Isabel Heidegger, Iris Eder, Zoran Culig, Gabri Van der Pluijm, Helmut Klocker
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2017)

Purpose: The major obstacle in the management of advanced prostate cancer is the occurrence of resistance to endocrine therapy. Although the androgen receptor (AR) has been linked to therapy failure, the underlying escape mechanisms have not been fully clarified. Being closely related to the AR, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been suggested to play a role in enzalutamide and docetaxel resistance. Given that glucocorticoids are frequently applied to prostate cancer patients, it is essential to unravel the exact role of the GR in prostate cancer progression.Experimental Design: Assessment of GR expression and functional significance in tissues from 177 prostate cancer patients, including 14 lymph node metastases, as well as in several human prostate cancer models, including androgen-dependent, androgen-independent, and long-term antiandrogen-treated cell lines.Results: Although GR expression is reduced in primary prostate cancer tissue, it is restored in metastatic lesions. Relapse patients with high GR experience shortened progression-free survival. GR is significantly increased upon long-term abiraterone or enzalutamide treatment in the majority of preclinical models, thus identifying GR upregulation as an underlying mechanism for cells to bypass AR blockade. Importantly, GR inhibition by RNAi or chemical blockade results in impaired proliferation and 3D-spheroid formation in all tested cell lines.Conclusions: GR upregulation seems to be a common mechanism during antiandrogen treatment and supports the notion that targeting the GR pathway combined with antiandrogen medication may further improve prostate cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(4); 927-38. ©2017 AACR.
Quaking Inhibits Doxorubicin-Mediated Cardiotoxicity Through Regulation of Cardiac Circular RNA Expression
Authors: Shashi Kumar Gupta, Ankita Garg, Christian Bär, Shambhabi Chatterjee, Ariana Foinquinos, Hendrik Milting, Katrin Streckfuß-Bömeke, Jan Fiedler, Thomas Thum
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

RBPs (RNA-binding proteins) have been described to be expressed and regulated in various organs including the heart. Little is known about the role of RBPs in heart failure induced by the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin and their interaction with circular RNAs.We aimed to identify key RBPs involved in doxorubicin-mediated heart failure and to elucidate their function.Global transcriptome profiling from murine myocardium exposed to doxorubicin identified 5 differentially expressed RBPs. Expression of the RBP QKI (Quaking) in response to doxorubicin was strongly downregulated in rodent cardiomyocytes and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo in mice. Knockdown of Qki in primary cardiomyocytes increased apoptosis and atrophy after treatment with doxorubicin, whereas lentiviral mediated overexpression of Qki5 inhibited the doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. In vivo, AAV9 (adeno-associated virus serotype 9)-mediated cardiac overexpression of Qki5 prevented cardiac apoptosis and cardiac atrophy induced by doxorubicin and improved cardiac function. Mechanistically, by lentiviral-based overexpression and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated silencing of Qki5, we identified regulated expression of specific circular RNAs derived from Ttn (Titin), Fhod3 (Formin homology 2 domain containing 3), and Strn3 (Striatin, calmodulin-binding protein 3). Moreover, inhibition of Ttn-derived circular RNA increased the susceptibility of cardiomyocytes to doxorubicin.We here show that overexpression of Qki5 strongly attenuates the toxic effect of doxorubicin via regulating a set of circular RNAs. Qki5 is, thus, an interesting target molecule to combat doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
P1.06-019 The Possibility of the Additional Local Therapy to Systemic Chemotherapy in Advanced Lung Cancer Cases with Multiple Metastases
Authors: Takeshi Honda, Hirofumi Uehara, Maika Natsume, Yoko Fukasawa, Takahiko Sakamoto, Ryo Usui, Shuji Ota, Yasuko Ichikawa, Kiyotaka Watanabe, Nobuhiko Seki
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Non-hormonal treatments for menopausal symptoms
Authors: Martha Hickey, Rebecca A Szabo, Myra S Hunter
Journal: BMJ (2017)

#### What you need to know

Menopause is a normal event, and most women do not seek medical intervention. Of those who do, some will require only information and advice, but around 25% have problematic symptoms that may need treatment. Vasomotor symptoms are the main reason that women seek treatment. Hormone replacement therapy is effective for vasomotor symptoms, but for some it is unsuitable (due to preference or contraindications) and non-hormonal treatments can be considered.

This update provides an overview of the evidence supporting non-hormonal treatments for vasomotor and vaginal symptoms, and translates this into practical guidance on managing these symptoms in clinical practice.

The menopause is the final menstrual period. The “perimenopause” or “menopause transition” is the time from the onset of menstrual cycle changes until one year after the final menstrual period.1

Changes in vaginal bleeding patterns and vasomotor symptoms characterise the menopause transition, but the overall experience is highly variable and may be influenced by psychological, social, and cultural factors.2 Common symptoms include hot flushes and night sweats (vasomotor symptoms) and genital symptoms (vaginal dryness, dyspareunia), which may be accompanied by mood and sleep disturbance.3 …