tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Medication development in opioid addiction: Meaningful clinical end points
Authors: Nora D. Volkow, Janet Woodcock, Wilson M. Compton, Douglas C. Throckmorton, Phil Skolnick, Sharon Hertz, Eric M. Wargo
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2018)

The FDA’s “abstinence” outcome measure for approval of new medications to treat opioid-use disorders has been difficult to achieve; developing and validating alternative meaningful outcomes could facilitate drug development.
ASSESSMENT OF EXTRAHEPATIC COMMON BILE DUCT BILIARY INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA (BILIN) BY SINGLE-OPERATOR CHOLANGIOSCOPY (SOC)
Authors: V Anapaz, L Lourenço, D Horta, A Gomes, N Pignatelli, V Nunes, J Reis
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia (BilIN), a premalignant lesion and precursor of bile duct adenocarcinoma, rarely occurs in the extrahepatic bile ducts. There are no uniform guidelines on its management.
A NOVEL SCORE ASSESSING DUODENAL ENDOSCOPIC MARKERS FOR PREDICTING VILLOUS ATROPHY
Authors: D Vasile Balaban, A Popp, G Robu, I Enache, A Zoican, M Ciochina, R Simona Costache, P Nuta, F Ionita Radu, M Jinga
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Several endoscopic markers (EM) have been described in patients with villous atrophy (VA), both in the bulb and distal duodenum, each of them of different significance in predicting VA. Our aim was to develop a scoring system for EM in predicting VA.
Reply to Giesinger and McNamara: The Impact of Therapeutic Hypothermia on Pulmonary Hemodynamics of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
Authors: Daniele De Luca, David G. Tingay, Anton van Kaam, Werther Brunow de Carvalho, Eva Valverde, Charles Christoph Roehr, Fabio Mosca, Piero G. Matassa, Olivier Danhaive, Virgilio P. Carnielli, Marco Piastra
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2018)
MANAGEMENT OF ENDOSCOPICALLY RESECTED PT1 COLORECTAL CANCER. SURGERY OR FOLLOW UP? SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE, LONG TERM FOLLOW UP AND COST ANALYSIS
Authors: G Antonelli, G Berardi, GL Rampioni Vinciguerra, V Domenico Corleto, E Pilozzi, M Ruggeri, G D'Ambra, S Angeletti, E Di Giulio
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

The spread of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs and the improvement of endoscopic techniques are incrementing the number of endoscopically treated pT1 CRC. The menace of lymphnode metastasis in presence of histopathological risk factors often requires additional surgery, but despite many guidelines, correct management remains variable and unclear. Our aim was to evaluate factors influencing therapeutic decision-making in endoscopically resected pT1 CRCs in a tertiary referral center, and analyze costs of different approaches.
HEMORRHAGIC SMALL BOWEL MELANOMA METASTASIS: A CLINICAL RARITY
Authors: A Zoumpos, NAH Ho, R Loeschhorn-Becker, A Abosamrh, T Marczewski, G Bikos, F Schuppert
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

We report a clinical case of spontaneously hemorrhagic small bowel metastasis in a malignant melanoma patient with anemia, diagnosed using small bowel capsule endoscopy.
ENDOSCOPY CHECKLIST: THAT WE SHOULD KNOW ABOUT PATIENTS BEFORE PERFORMING A GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY
Authors: A Toledo Soriano, PL del Mazo Tomé, EC Viñuela Lobo, C Riesgo Rubio, M Del Mar Gutiérrez García, M Almudena Pousada González
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

A prospective observational study was conducted among 714 patients at Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (Spain) from January to June 2016: 360 gastroscopies and 354 colonoscopies.
Intérêt de l'association recueil de bile et brossage endo-canalaire au cours de la CPRE pour le diagnostic des sténoses biliaires malignes. Etude prospective mono-centrique
Authors: P Bichard, J Auroux, M Fior Gozlan, E Germain, F Chelbabi, R Tournan, V Leroy, JP Zarski
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

But: Le diagnostic cytologique par brossage des sténoses biliaires malignes est considéré comme spécifique, mais peu sensible. Le recueil de cellules exfoliées dans la bile associé au brossage a été proposé mais est peu utilisé en pratique. Le but de ce travail prospectif était d'évaluer l'apport diagnostique d'un recueil de bile associé au brossage au cours d'une CPRE.
Tremelimumab in combination with durvalumab in first or second-line mesothelioma patients: Safety analysis from the phase II NIBIT-MESO-1 study.
Authors: Luana Calabro, Aldo Morra, Diana Giannarelli, Giovanni Amato, Erica Bertocci, Armida D'Incecco, Riccardo Danielli, Lucia Brilli, Fabio Giannini, Maresa Altomonte, Anna Maria Di Giacomo, Michele Maio
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

8558 Background: The anti-CTLA-4 tremelimumab at two different dose-schedules of administration showed promising activity in second-line malignant mesothelioma (MM) patients (Calabrò et al., Lancet Oncol, 2013; Calabrò et al., Lancet Respir Med, 2015). These initial results and the efficacy of targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in different tumor types, prompted the NIBIT-MESO-1 study aimed at investigating the efficacy and safety of tremelimumab combined with the anti-PD-L1 durvalumab in mm patients. We report the safety analysis from the fully-enrolled NIBIT-MESO-1 study. Methods: The NIBIT-MESO-1 is a phase II, open-label, single Center study. Forty mm patients received tremelimumab at 1 mg/Kg i.v. every 4 weeks (Q4W) for 4 doses, and durvalumab at 20 mg/Kg i.v. Q4W for 13 doses. Primary objective is immune-related (ir)-objective response rate; secondary are safey, ir-disease control rate, ir-progression free survival, and overall survival. Tumor assessment per ir-modified RECIST or ir-RECIST 1.1 for pleural or peritoneal MM, respectively, was performed at baseline and q12 weeks. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded according to CTC v4.0. (ClinicalTrials.gov Id: NCT02588131). Results: From October 2015 to October 2016, 40 mm patients (38 pleural and 2 peritoneal), median age 64 years (range 41-80), ECOG performance status 0 (n = 19) or 1 (n = 21) were enrolled in the study. mm histology was epithelioid (n = 32), biphasic (n = 5), sarcomatoid (n = 2) or undefined (n = 1). As of January 2017, 12 first or 28 second-line mm patients received a median of 5.5 doses of therapy (range = 1-13). Twenty-four patients (60%) experienced any grade irAEs: 5 patients (12.5%) had grade 3-4 AEs, the most frequent being hepatotoxicity (7.5%). AEs were generally manageable and reversible per protocol guidelines. Three patients (7.5%) were discontinued due to treatment-related AEs (1 trombocytopenia, 1 limbic encephalitis, 1 liver toxicity). Conclusions: The combination of tremelimumab and durvalumab is safe and manageable in mm patients. Clinical trial information: NCT02588131.
Effect of a 24-h extended visiting policy on delirium in critically ill patients
Authors: Glauco Adrieno Westphal, Mayara Schirmer Moerschberger, Dailany D’Aroz Vollmann, Amanda Caroline Inácio, Míriam C. Machado, Geonice Sperotto, Alexandre Biasi Cavalcanti, Álvaro Koenig
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2018)
Polycystic ovary syndrome, androgen excess, and the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in women: A longitudinal study based on a United Kingdom primary care database
Authors: Balachandran Kumarendran, Michael W. O’Reilly, Konstantinos N. Manolopoulos, Konstantinos A. Toulis, Krishna M. Gokhale, Alice J. Sitch, Chandrika N. Wijeyaratne, Arri Coomarasamy, Wiebke Arlt, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2018)

Background Androgen excess is a defining feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which affects 10% of women and represents a lifelong metabolic disorder, with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular events. Previous studies have suggested an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in individuals with PCOS and implicated androgen excess as a potential driver. Methods and findings We carried out a retrospective longitudinal cohort study utilizing a large primary care database in the United Kingdom, evaluating NAFLD rates in 63,120 women with PCOS and 121,064 age-, body mass index (BMI)-, and location-matched control women registered from January 2000 to May 2016. In 2 independent cohorts, we also determined the rate of NAFLD in women with a measurement of serum testosterone (n = 71,061) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG; n = 49,625). We used multivariate Cox models to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for NAFLD and found that women with PCOS had an increased rate of NAFLD (HR = 2.23, 95% CI 1.86–2.66, p < 0.001), also after adjusting for BMI or dysglycemia. Serum testosterone >3.0 nmol/L was associated with an increase in NAFLD (HR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.16–4.53, p = 0.017 for 3–3.49 nmol/L and HR = 2.40, 95% CI 1.24–4.66, p = 0.009 for >3.5 nmol/L). Mirroring this finding, SHBG <30 nmol/L was associated with increased NAFLD hazard (HR = 4.75, 95% CI 2.44–9.25, p < 0.001 for 20–29.99 nmol/L and HR = 4.98, 95% CI 2.45–10.11, p < 0.001 for <20 nmol/L). Limitations of this study include its retrospective nature, absence of detailed information on criteria used to diagnosis PCOS and NAFLD, and absence of data on laboratory assays used to measure serum androgens. Conclusions We found that women with PCOS have an increased rate of NAFLD. In addition to increased BMI and dysglycemia, androgen excess contributes to the development of NAFLD in women with PCOS. In women with PCOS-related androgen excess, systematic NAFLD screening should be considered.
Utilisation d'une solution de lavage en 2 litres à base de macrogol + électrolytes + ascorbate chez des patients âgés de 50 à 74 ans devant effectuer une coloscopie
Authors: T Ponchon, JP Arpurt, B Richard-Molard, E Abdini, C Dugué
Journal: Endoscopy (2009)

Introduction: La campagne Française de dépistage du cancer colorectal est basée sur un test de détection de saignement occulte pour une population âgée de 50 à 74 ans. Une coloscopie est indiquée en cas de test positif. Le volume des préparations actuelles peut être un frein au dépistage. Une solution de volume réduit pourrait alors renforcer l'acceptabilité des patients et améliorer ainsi ce dépistage.
Microbial symbionts regulate the primary Ig repertoire
Authors: Yuezhou Chen, Neha Chaudhary, Nicole Yang, Alessandra Granato, Jacob A. Turner, Shannon L. Howard, Colby Devereaux, Teng Zuo, Akritee Shrestha, Rishi R. Goel, Donna Neuberg, Duane R. Wesemann
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2018)

The ability of immunoglobulin (Ig) to recognize pathogens is critical for optimal immune fitness. Early events that shape preimmune Ig repertoires, expressed on IgM+ IgD+ B cells as B cell receptors (BCRs), are poorly defined. Here, we studied germ-free mice and conventionalized littermates to explore the hypothesis that symbiotic microbes help shape the preimmune Ig repertoire. Ig-binding assays showed that exposure to conventional microbial symbionts enriched frequencies of antibacterial IgM+ IgD+ B cells in intestine and spleen. This enrichment affected follicular B cells, involving a diverse set of Ig-variable region gene segments, and was T cell–independent. Functionally, enrichment of microbe reactivity primed basal levels of small intestinal T cell–independent, symbiont-reactive IgA and enhanced systemic IgG responses to bacterial immunization. These results demonstrate that microbial symbionts influence host immunity by enriching frequencies of antibacterial specificities within preimmune B cell repertoires and that this may have consequences for mucosal and systemic immunity.
Application of endoscopic miniprobe ultrasonography and endoscopic submucosal dissection in diagnosis and therapy for submucosal protuberant lesions in gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Chen Ping, Su Bingzhong
Journal: Endoscopy (2011)

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of mucosal and submucoscal protuberant lesions in gastrointestinal tract using the endoscopic high-frequency miniprobe ultrasonography; To investigate the value of clinical application of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in mucosal and submucoscal protuberant lesions. Methods: Mucosal and submucosal protuberant lessions in gastrointestinal tract found by endoscopy in Junary to July 2010 were examined by miniprobe ultrasonography. Later, the lessions which located in the above of submucosa were treated by ESD. After one month, all cases were followed by endoscopy and miniprobe ultrasonography. Results: Thirsty four patients with mucosal and submucosal protubernant lessions were diagnosed by miniprobe ultrasonography. Among them, twenty one lessions were located in the esophagus, eleven in the stomach, and two in the large intestine. Twenty leiomyomas, eight stromal tumors, one lipoma, one fibraoma, one early cancer, and three moderate and severe dysplasia were diagnosed, respectively. They rooted in mucosa, mina muscularis mucosae and submucosa, respectively. All the lessions were treated intact by ESD with one perforation, but cured by conservative treatment. No massive haemorrhage and other complications occurred. The rate of complication was 2.94 percentage. The pathological diagnosis of thirty one lessions after ESD was corresponded with the diagnosis by miniprobe ultrasonography before ESD. The accuracy rate of dignosis of miniprobe ultrasonography was 91.98 percentage. Followed one month, the artificial ulcer of primary lession healed, scar formed, and lession excised intact. Conclusions: Miniprobe ultrasonographt has a high acurate rate in diagnosis of mucosal and submucosal protuberant lessions in gastrointestinal tract, and has an important clinical value to judge the nature of disease before ESD and after ESD. The high-frequency endosonography miniprobe has been advocated prior to endoscopic treatment of the mucosal and submucosal protuberant lessions in gastrointestinal tract
EFFECTIVENESS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE USING DEEP LEARNING FOR DETECTING GASTRIC CANCER IN ENDOSCOPIC IMAGES
Authors: T Hirasawa, K Aoyama, J Fujisaki, T Tada
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

The accuracy of image recognition using artificial intelligence (AI) with deep learning has dramatically progressed. Deep learning, which is a new method of machine learning, means that the machine itself analyzes clinical features from many training images, and extracts clinical features using a backpropagation algorithm. We developed an AI-based diagnostic system using deep learning that detect gastric cancer in endoscopic images and verified the system.
Abstract 13189: Association of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression of the P2Y12 Receptor: The Multi-Ethnic Study on Atherosclerosis
Authors: Michael W Cammarata, Timothy D Howard, Thomas C Register, Steven J Shea, Gregory A Hawkins, Gregory L Burke, David R Jacobs, Ina Hoeschele, Yongmei Liu, David M Herrington
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: P2Y12 receptor is the target for thienopyridine mediated platelet inhibition. Epigenetic factors, including DNA methylation could influence gene expression and subsequent in vitro and c...
THE IMPACT OF COMORBIDITIES AND ADVANCED AGE ON IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH PEPTIC ULCER BLEEDING
Authors: D Matei, I Groza, S Pasca, C Coada, V Rednic, A Orban, C Cruciat, M Tantau
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Peptic ulcer bleeding (PUB) is the most common cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of comorbidities and advanced age on in-hospital mortality in PUB patients.
REBAMIPIDE AS ADJUNCT TO PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF GASTRIC ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION-DERIVED ULCERS: A META-ANALYSIS
Authors: MD Velasco, AM Fausto, GC Floro, JE Camenforte, F Zaño
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a nonsurgical option for the treatment of early gastric cancer (EGC). Bleeding from post-procedural ulcers is one of its complications. This meta-analysis aims to determine the efficacy of rebamipide as adjunct therapy to proton pump inhibitors for healing of post-ESD ulcerations.
Differential Evolution of Antiretroviral Restriction Factors in Pteropid Bats as Revealed by APOBEC3 Gene Complexity
Authors: Joshua A Hayward, Mary Tachedjian, Jie Cui, Adam Z Cheng, Adam Johnson, Michelle L Baker, Reuben S Harris, Lin-Fa Wang, Gilda Tachedjian
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2018)

Bats have attracted attention in recent years as important reservoirs of viruses deadly to humans and other mammals. These infections are typically nonpathogenic in bats raising questions about innate immune differences that might exist between bats and other mammals. The APOBEC3 gene family encodes antiviral DNA cytosine deaminases with important roles in the suppression of diverse viruses and genomic parasites. Here, we characterize pteropid APOBEC3 genes and show that species within the genus Pteropus possess the largest and most diverse array of APOBEC3 genes identified in any mammal reported to date. Several bat APOBEC3 proteins are antiviral as demonstrated by restriction of retroviral infectivity using HIV-1 as a model, and recombinant A3Z1 subtypes possess strong DNA deaminase activity. These genes represent the first group of antiviral restriction factors identified in bats with extensive diversification relative to homologues in other mammals.
ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASOUND IMAGING OF A RARE CYSTIC LESION IN THE PANCREAS
Authors: M Kasi, G Aithal, K Ragunath
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

We would like to present the video of a rare case of cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst) in the tail of pancreas and role of endoscopic ultrasound guided imaging in diagnosis.
BENEFITS OF ESOPHAGEAL BIOPSIES IN PATIENTS WITH DYSPHAGIA AND NORMAL UPPER ENDOSCOPY
Authors: K Agar, M Medhioub, S Jardak, L Hamzaoui, A Khsiba, M Msaddek Azouz
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Dysphagia frequently reveals organic as well as functional esophageal diseases. Endoscopy sometimes shows few signs or even a macroscopically normal esophagus.
The consensus molecular subtypes of colorectal cancer as a predictive factor for chemotherapies against metastatic colorectal cancer.
Authors: Akira Okita, Shin Takahashi, Kota Ouchi, Masahiro Inoue, Yasuhide Yamada, Chikashi Ishioka
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

736 Background: Since treatment options of chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) have been diversified, biomarkers which could predict efficacy of chemotherapies are needed for optimal treatment. In this study, we analyzed the association of the treatment outcomes by several chemotherapies and the consensus molecular subtypes (CMS), which was developed from large-scale comprehensive gene expression analysis of colorectal cancer (Guinney J et al. Nat Med 21:1350-6, 2015). Methods: A total of 193 patients with previously treated mCRC were classified in 4 subtypes, CMS1 to CMS4 by using the microarrays data of primary tumors and the “CMS classifier” package for the R software. Then the association between the subtypes and the treatment outcomes was analyzed retrospectively. Results: The193 cases were classified into 21 CMS1, 53 CMS2, 69 CMS3 and 50 CMS4. The molecular characteristics of each subtype such as mutation status of KRAS and BRAF genes, and DNA methylation status were consistent with those of the previous study. First-line chemotherapies of the 193 patients were oxaliplatin (OX)-based treatment (121 patients), irinotecan (IRI)-based treatment (59 patients) and others (13 patients). In CMS4, the median progression-free survival (PFS) of the IRI-based group was significantly longer than that of the OX-based group (21.8 months vs. 10.5 months, p &lt; 0.01). The median overall survival (OS) and objective response rate of the IRI-based group were also better than that of the OX-based group in CMS4. Among 193 patients, 103 were RAS wild-type and treated with anti-EGFR antibody. The effect of the anti-EGFR treatment was low in CMS1 (median PFS: 2.4 months, p &lt; 0.01, median OS: 5.7 months, p &lt; 0.01) and whereas was high in CMS2 (median PFS: 8.0 months, p = 0.05, median OS: 26.6 months, p = 0.02). CMS significantly correlated with PFS and OS after anti-EGFR treatment by univariate analysis. However the most useful predictive biomarker was a DNA methylation status by multivariable analysis. Conclusions: The biological characteristics of CMS may affect the therapeutic effect of anti-cancer agents in mCRC and, therefore, might be a new predictive factor of anti-cancer treatment.
LONG-TERM OUTCOME FOR PATIENTS WITH ESOPHAGEAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA WHO UNDERWENT ARGON PLASMA COAGULATION
Authors: S Abiko, Y Shimizu, K Yamamoto, M Ishikawa, K Matsuda, M Tsuda, S Miyamoto, S Ono, T Kudo, N Sakamoto
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

EMR or ESD is regarded to be the best treatment for patients with early-stage gastrointestinal cancer. However, APC is often selected as treatment for such patients because of the patient's general condition or status of the lesions, and the usefulness of APC has been reported. However, there have been very few reports about the long-term outcome for patients who underwent APC.
ENDOSCOPIC MANAGEMENT OF THE INGESTION OF DENTAL PROSTHESES
Authors: FZ Chabib, I Benelbarhdadi, FZ Ajana
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Dental prostheses constitute a significant proportion of ingested foreign bodies. Ingestion is most often accidental during sleep or during trauma or convulsion. Their presence in the digestive tract can be completely asymptomatic or cause dysphagia and pain.
A case of respiratory toxigenic diphtheria: contact tracing results and considerations following a 30-year disease-free interval, Catalonia, Spain, 2015
Authors: Mireia Jané, Maria José Vidal, Neus Camps, Magda Campins, Ana Martínez, Joan Balcells, Maria Teresa Martin-Gomez, Gloria Bassets, Silvia Herrera-León, Anton Foguet, Mar Maresma, Nuria Follia, Sonia Uriona, Tomàs Pumarola
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2018)

In May 2015, following a 30-year diphtheria-free interval in Catalonia, an unvaccinated 6-year-old child was diagnosed with diphtheria caused by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae . After a difficult search for equine-derived diphtheria antitoxin (DAT), the child received the DAT 4 days later but died at the end of June. Two hundred and seventeen contacts were identified in relation to the index case, and their vaccination statuses were analysed, updated and completed. Of these, 140 contacts underwent physical examination and throat swabs were taken from them for analysis. Results were positive for toxigenic C. diphtheriae in 10 contacts; nine were asymptomatic vaccinated children who had been in contact with the index case and one was a parent of one of the nine children. Active surveillance of the 217 contacts was initiated by healthcare workers from hospitals and primary healthcare centres, together with public health epidemiological support. Lack of availability of DAT was an issue in our case. Such lack could be circumvented by the implementation of an international fast-track procedure to obtain it in a timely manner. Maintaining primary vaccination coverage for children and increasing booster-dose immunisation against diphtheria in the adult population is of key importance.
A PREDICTIVE SCORE OF INADEQUATE BOWEL PREPARATION BASED ON A SELF-ADMINISTRED QUESTIONNAIRE
Authors: A Berger, E Cesbron-Métivier, S Bertrais, A Olivier, A Becq, J Boursier, A Lannes, A Ricard, F Foubert, D Luet, E Pateu, N Dib, C Vitelius, FX Caroli-Bosc
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

The aim of this study was thus to develop a predictive score of inadequate bowel preparation, based on responses to a short self-administered questionnaire on potential risk factors, completed by patients during consultation prior to colonoscopy.