tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Prenatal Exposure to Air Pollution With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Lief Pagalan, Celeste Bickford, Whitney Weikum, Bruce Lanphear, Michael Brauer, Nancy Lanphear, Gillian E. Hanley, Tim F. Oberlander, Meghan Winters
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2018)

The etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is poorly understood, but prior studies suggest associations with airborne pollutants.To evaluate the association between prenatal exposures to airborne pollutants and ASD in a large population-based cohort.This population-based cohort encompassed nearly all births in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, from 2004 through 2009, with follow-up through 2014. Children were diagnosed with ASD using a standardized assessment with the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Monthly mean exposures to particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5), nitric oxide (NO), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at the maternal residence during pregnancy were estimated with temporally adjusted, high-resolution land use regression models. The association between prenatal air pollution exposures and the odds of developing ASD was evaluated using logistic regression adjusted for child sex, birth month, birth year, maternal age, maternal birthplace, and neighborhood-level urbanicity and income band. Data analysis occurred from June 2016 to May 2018.Mean monthly concentrations of ambient PM2.5, NO, and NO2 at the maternal residence during pregnancy, calculated retrospectively using temporally adjusted, high-resolution land use regression models.Autism spectrum disorder diagnoses based on standardized assessment of the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. The hypothesis being tested was formulated during data collection.In a cohort of 132 256 births, 1307 children (1.0%) were diagnosed with ASD by the age of 5 years. The final sample size for the PM2.5-adjusted model was 129 439 children, and for NO and NO2, it was 129 436 children; of these, 1276 (1.0%) were diagnosed with ASD. Adjusted odds ratios for ASD per interquartile range (IQR) were not significant for exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy (1.04 [95% CI, 0.98-1.10] per 1.5 μg/m3 increase [IQR] in PM2.5) or NO2 (1.06 [95% CI, 0.99-1.12] per 4.8 ppb [IQR] increase in NO2) but the odds ratio was significant for NO (1.07 [95% CI, 1.01-1.13] per 10.7 ppb [IQR] increase in NO). Odds ratios for male children were 1.04 (95% CI, 0.98-1.10) for PM2.5; 1.09 (95% CI, 1.02-1.15) for NO; and 1.07 (95% CI, 1.00-1.13) for NO2. For female children, they were for 1.03 (95% CI, 0.90-1.18) for PM2.5; 0.98 (95% CI, 0.83-1.13) for NO; and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.86-1.16) for NO2.In a population-based birth cohort, we detected an association between exposure to NO and ASD but no significant association with PM2.5 and NO2.
Myonectin Is an Exercise-Induced Myokine That Protects the Heart From Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Naoya Otaka, Rei Shibata, Koji Ohashi, Yusuke Uemura, Takahiro Kambara, Takashi Enomoto, Hayato Ogawa, Masanori Ito, Hiroshi Kawanishi, Sonomi Maruyama, Yusuke Joki, Yusuke Fujikawa, Shingo Narita, Kazumasa Unno, Yoshiyuki Kawamoto, Takashi Murate, Toyoaki Murohara, Noriyuki Ouchi
Journal: Circulation Research (2018)

Rationale: Physical exercise provides benefits for various organ systems, and some of systemic effects of exercise are mediated through modulation of muscle-derived secreted factors, also known as myokines. Myonectin/C1q (complement component 1q)/TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-related protein 15/erythroferrone is a myokine that is upregulated in skeletal muscle and blood by exercise. Objective: We investigated the role of myonectin in myocardial ischemic injury. Methods and Results: Ischemia-reperfusion in myonectin-knockout mice led to enhancement of myocardial infarct size, cardiac dysfunction, apoptosis, and proinflammatory gene expression compared with wild-type mice. Conversely, transgenic overexpression of myonectin in skeletal muscle reduced myocardial damage after ischemia-reperfusion. Treadmill exercise increased circulating myonectin levels in wild-type mice, and it reduced infarct size after ischemia-reperfusion in wild-type mice, but not in myonectin-knockout mice. Treatment of cultured cardiomyocytes with myonectin protein attenuated hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis via S1P (sphingosine-1-phosphate)-dependent activation of cAMP/Akt cascades. Similarly, myonectin suppressed inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide in cultured macrophages through the S1P/cAMP/Akt-dependent signaling pathway. Moreover, blockade of S1P-dependent pathway reversed myonectin-mediated reduction of myocardial infarct size in mice after ischemia-reperfusion. Conclusions: These data indicate that myonectin functions as an endurance exercise-induced myokine which ameliorates acute myocardial ischemic injury by suppressing apoptosis and inflammation in the heart, suggesting that myonectin mediates some of the beneficial actions of exercise on cardiovascular health.
Protecting the Value of Medical Science in the Age of Social Media and “Fake News”
Authors: Raina M. Merchant, David A. Asch
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Patterns of gene expression related to vascular invasion and aggressive features in endometrial cancer
Authors: Monica Mannelqvist, Trond Bo, Geir Bredholt, Ingunn Stefansson, Anne Oyan, Inge Jonassen, Karl-Henning Kalland, Helga Salvesen, Lars Akslen
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

4703   Background: Vascular invasion is a marker of early metastatic spread and a prognostic factor for endometrial carcinomas. This histologic feature is also associated with activated angiogenesis and reduced vascular maturation, thus indicating that newly formed vessels are more vulnerable for tumor cell invasion that may result in metastasis. Aim: The aim of this study was to identify signatures of differentially expressed genes in endometrial carcinomas with vascular invasion as compared with cases without vascular involvement of tumor cells. Materials and methods: Fresh tumor tissues were prospectively collected from 57 patients treated for primary endometrial carcinoma. The tumors were analyzed with 21k Agilent oligonucleotide microarrays. Supervised analysis of the dataset was performed in order to identify differentially expressed genes between vessel invasive versus noninvasive tumors. Validation was done with quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qPCR) on 200 of the most differentially expressed genes. Results: Microarray based gene expression profiling followed by validation with qPCR identified genes related to vascular and extracellular matrix biology and whose expressions are significantly associated with vessel invasion. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) gave significant enrichment in gene sets related to cell motility, wound response, angiogenesis and inflammation. Conclusion: We found several genes with significantly different expression between endometrial carcinomas with vascular invasion compared with those lacking vascular involvement, based upon microarray and qPCR studies. The most upregulated genes are related to invasiveness, angiogenesis and inflammation. Further studies on individual genes are performed on a large and independent series (n=288) of endometrial carcinomas.
Iron-containing micronutrient powders modify the effect of oral antibiotics on the infant gut microbiome and increase post-antibiotic diarrhoea risk: a controlled study in Kenya
Authors: Daniela Paganini, Mary A Uyoga, Guus A M Kortman, Colin I Cercamondi, Hans C Winkler, Jos Boekhorst, Diego Moretti, Christophe Lacroix, Simon Karanja, Michael B Zimmermann
Journal: Gut (2018)

Objective Many African infants receiving iron fortificants also receive antibiotics. Antibiotic efficacy against enteropathogens may be modified by high colonic iron concentrations. In this study, we evaluated the effect of antibiotics on the infant gut microbiome and diarrhoea when given with or without iron-containing micronutrient powders (MNPs). Design In a controlled intervention trial, four groups of community-dwelling infants (n=28; aged 8–10 months) received either: (A) antibiotics for 5 days and iron-MNPs for 40 days (Fe + Ab + ); (B) antibiotics and no-iron-MNPs (Fe − Ab + ); (C) no antibiotics and iron-MNPs (Fe + Ab − ); or (D) no antibiotics and no-iron-MNPs (Fe − Ab − ). We collected a faecal sample before the first antibiotic dose (D0) and after 5, 10, 20 and 40 days (D5–D40) to assess the gut microbiome composition by 16S profiling, enteropathogens by quantitative PCR, faecal calprotectin and pH and assessed morbidity over the 40-day study period. Results In Fe + Ab + , there was a decrease in Bifidobacterium abundances (p&lt;0.05), but no decrease in Fe − Ab + . In Fe − Ab + , there was a decrease in abundances of pathogenic Escherichia coli (p&lt;0.05), but no decrease in Fe + Ab + . In Fe − Ab + , there was a decrease in pH (p&lt;0.05), but no decrease in Fe + Ab + . Longitudinal prevalence of diarrhoea was higher in Fe + Ab + (19.6%) compared with Fe − Ab + (12.4%) (p=0.04) and compared with Fe + Ab − (5.2%) (p=0.00). Conclusion Our findings need confirmation in a larger study but suggest that, in African infants, iron fortification modifies the response to broad-spectrum antibiotics: iron may reduce their efficacy against potential enteropathogens, particularly pathogenic E. coli , and may increase risk for diarrhoea. Trial registration number NCT02118402 ; Pre-results.
Over half of anaesthetists have nowhere to rest during or after a shift, survey finds
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2018)

The Royal College of Anaesthetists and the BMA are calling on the health secretary for England to ensure that all healthcare staff have access to high quality rest facilities.

The call comes after a survey conducted by the college found that nearly half (49%) of anaesthetists had no dedicated place to go to rest during or at the end of their shift.

The survey was sent to all 17 000 members of the college and received 3887 responses, a 23% response rate. It found …
The CAMA-1 breast cancer cell line as a model to investigate the role of environmental anti-androgens in breast carcinogenesis.
Authors: Michel Aubé, Christian Larochelle, Pierre Ayotte
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

2503  Exposure to environmental compounds that can alter sex-hormone signalling pathways may represent a risk factor for breast cancer. We recently reported that 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p’-DDE), the main metabolite of the insecticide DDT and a potent androgen receptor antagonist, was associated with tumor aggressiveness in women diagnosed with breast cancer. Since androgens have been shown to inhibit the growth of estrogen-responsive breast cancer cell lines, we tested the hypothesis that p,p’-DDE might block this growth inhibitory effect in CAMA-1 cells, a breast cancer cell line exhibiting high levels of estrogen and androgen receptors. CAMA-1 cell proliferation was determined by seeding 2 X 103 cells/well into 96 well plates and exposing them during 9 days to either 17β-estradiol (E2), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or p,p’-DDE, alone or as binary or tertiary combinations, with cell culture medium changed every 3 days. After treatment, plates were frozen at -80°C and cell proliferation was subsequently determined by measuring DNA concentration in wells using the Cyquant® test. The maximum proliferative response of CAMA-1 cells was observed with 100 pM E2. DHT added alone to the cell culture medium did not increase cell proliferation, but concentrations of 100 and 500 pM DHT, in combination with 100 pM E2, reduced E2-induced proliferative response by 30% and 50%, respectively. p,p’-DDE alone had no effect on CAMA-1 cell growth. However, in combination with 100 pM E2 and 100 pM DHT, increasing concentrations of p,p’-DDE in the incubation medium (0.1 to 2.0 μM) restored the proliferative response induced by E2. A second series of experiments was conducted using the classic androgen receptor antagonist hydroxyflutamide (HF) instead of p,p’-DDE. HF was as potent as p,p’-DDE in restoring CAMA-1 cell growth in the presence of E2 and DHT. These results add biological plausibility to our previous epidemiological observations linking p,p’-DDE body burden to breast cancer aggressiveness. Moreover, CAMA-1 cells incubated with physiological concentrations of E2 and DHT constitutes a useful and simple model for in vitro screening of anti-androgenic compounds that can favour breast cancer progression. Additional experiments are underway to further delineate the mechanism of action involved by measuring the expression of genes controlled by sex-hormone signalling pathways in the CAMA-1 cell line.
Cost simulation for the US of febrile neutropenia hospitalization due to pegfilgrastim on-body injector failure compared to single-injection pegfilgrastim and daily injections with reference and biosimilar filgrastim in lung cancer
Authors: A. McBride, A. Krendyukov, N. Mathieson, K. Campbell, S. Balu, K. MacDonald, I. Abraham
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Antibiotic Treatment of Nonsevere Pneumonia With Fast Breathing—Is the Pendulum Swinging?
Authors: Amanda J. Driscoll, Karen L. Kotloff
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Langerhans cell histiocytosis: a rare case of large-bowel inflammatory lesions
Authors: Beatrice Marinoni, Federica Cavalcoli, Alessandro Del Gobbo, Helmut Neumann, Emanuela Passoni, Maurizio Vecchi, Gian Eugenio Tontini
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disease characterized by clonal neoplastic proliferation of Langerhans cells, with typical expression of CD1a, S100 protein, and langerin [1] [2]. Gastrointestinal involvement is extremely rare and usually observed in systemic illness with poor prognosis and high morbidity [2] [3] [4].
Phase I investigator’s perceptions to ‘supersized seamless trials in oncology'
Authors: B.B.Y. Ma, N. van der Velden, F. Mo, H.H. Loong, L. Siu, B.C. Goh, Y.-J. Bang, C.-C. Lin, J. Desai, M.P. Lolkema
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Auranofin/Vitamin C: A Novel Drug Combination Targeting Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Elie Hatem, Sandy Azzi, Nadine El Banna, Tiantian He, Amélie Heneman-Masurel, Laurence Vernis, Dorothée Baïlle, Vanessa Masson, Florent Dingli, Damarys Loew, Bruno Azzarone, Pierre Eid, Giuseppe Baldacci, Meng-Er Huang
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2018)

Cancer cells from different origins exhibit various basal redox statuses and thus respond differently to intrinsic or extrinsic oxidative stress. These intricate characteristics condition the success of redox-based anticancer therapies that capitalize on the ability of reactive oxygen species to achieve selective and efficient cancer cell killing. Redox biology methods, stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC)-based proteomics, and bioinformatics pattern comparisons were used to decipher the underlying mechanisms for differential response of lung and breast cancer cell models to redox-modulating molecule auranofin (AUF) and to combinations of AUF and vitamin C (VC). The in vivo effect of AUF, VC, and two AUF/VC combinations on mice bearing MDA-MB-231 xenografts (n = 5 mice per group) was also evaluated. All statistical tests were two-sided. AUF targeted simultaneously the thioredoxin and glutathione antioxidant systems. AUF/VC combinations exerted a synergistic and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated cytotoxicity toward MDA-MB-231 cells and other breast cancer cell lines. The anticancer potential of AUF/VC combinations was validated in vivo on MDA-MB-231 xenografts in mice without notable side effects. On day 14 of treatments, mean (SD) tumor volumes for the vehicle-treated control group and the two AUF/VC combination–treated groups (A/V1 and A/V2) were 197.67 (24.28) mm3, 15.66 (10.90) mm3, and 10.23 (7.30)mm3, respectively; adjusted P values of the differences between mean tumor volumes of vehicle vs A/V1 groups and vehicle vs A/V2 groups were both less than .001. SILAC proteomics, bioinformatics analysis, and functional experiments linked prostaglandin reductase 1 (PTGR1) expression levels with breast cancer cell sensitivity to AUF/VC combinations. The combination of AUF and VC, two commonly available drugs, could be efficient against triple-negative breast cancer and potentially other cancers with similar redox properties and PTGR1 expression levels. The redox-based anticancer activity of this combination and the discriminatory potential of PTGR1 expression are worth further assessment in preclinical and clinical studies.
Abstract 18301: Neurohormonal Activation Status Influences Prognostic Implication of Diuretics in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Masahiro Hoshino, Yuya Matsue, Nobuyuki Kagiyama, Teruyoshi Kume, Hiroyuki Okura, Makoto Suzuki, Akihiko Matsumura, Kiyoshi Yoshida, Yuji Hashimoto
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: The high serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) reflects neurohormonal activation including sympathetic nervous system and rennin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in hear failure patients. Although furosemide is a mainstay for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) treatment, there is possibility of worsening prognosis by adversely affecting the pathophysiology of ADHF including neurhormonal activation. Hypothesis: We hypothesize that the prognostic implication of furosemide dose is influenced by the degree of neurohormonal activation in ADHF patients. Methods: A total of 1044 patients with ADHF (78.2±12.7 years, 50.8% males) were included retrospectively from 3 hospitals in Japan, and 85 patients (8.1%) died during hospitalization. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to quartiles of total furosemide equivalent dose which was used within 2 days from admission (median 70.0mg, IQR 40-120mg). Patients were also divided to 2 groups according to median serum BUN value of 23 mg/dl (high-BUN group, n=515 and low-BUN group, n=529). Results: In-hospital mortality was increased as furosemide dose was increased (Q1: 8.4%, Q2: 6.0%, Q3: 11.9%, Q4: 18.0%, P=0.009) in high BUN group, but not in the low BUN group (Q1: 2.3%, Q2: 5.6%, Q3: 2.4%, Q4: 6.0%, P=0.28). Moreover, when Q1 group was used as a reference, odds ratio for in-hospital mortality was increased as the dose was increased even after multivariate analysis in high-BUN group (Q2: OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.29-2.73; P=0.82, Q3: OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 0.71-5.58; P=0.19, and Q4: OR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.15-6.99; P=0.02, respectively) but not in low-BUN group (Q2: OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 0.45-8.22; P=0.37, Q3: OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.22-6.02; P=0.88, and Q4: OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 0.42-8.20; P=0.42, respectively). Conclusions: High dose furosemide use in ADHF patients increased in-hospital mortality in high-BUN group but not in low-BUN group. This indicates the influence of neurohormonal state on prognostic implication of furosemide dose used in acute phase of ADHF.
GP leader calls for “long term cure” for general practice
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2018)

The government must follow through on its promise to invest in an “effective, long term cure” for the pressures facing general practice, the head of England’s GP has urged.

In a speech to the BMA’s conference of English local medical committees in London on 23 November, Richard Vautrey, chair of the association’s General Practitioners Committee, said that the government’s pledge this week to invest an extra £3.5bn in primary and community care as part of the NHS’s long term plan …
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Small Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Ludovico M. Garau, Domenico Rubello, Riccardo Morganti, Giuseppe Boni, Duccio Volterrani, Patrick M. Colletti, Gianpiero Manca
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare reported results on available techniques for sentinel lymph node detection rate (SDR) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Methods The MEDLINE database was searched via a PubMed interface to identify original articles regarding sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) in thyroid cancer. Studies were stratified according to the sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection technique: vital-dye (VD), 99m Tc-nanocolloid planar lymphoscintigraphy with the use of intraoperative hand-held gamma probes (LS), both 99m Tc-nanocolloid planar lymphoscintigraphy with intraoperative use of hand-held gamma probe and VD (LS + VD), 99m Tc-nanocolloid planar lymphoscintigraphy with the additional contribution of preoperative SPECT/CT, and intraoperative use of hand-held gamma probe (LS-SPECT/CT). Pooled SDR values were presented with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for each SLN detection techniques. A Z -test was used to compare pooled SDR estimates. False-negative rates were summarized for each method. Results Forty-five studies were included. Overall SDRs for the VD, LS, LS + VD, and LS-SPECT/CT techniques were 83% (95% CI, 77%–88%; I 2 = 78%), 96% (95% CI, 90%–98%; I 2 = 68%), 87% (95% CI, 65%–96%; I 2 = 75%), and 93% (95% CI, 86%–97%; I 2 = 0%), respectively. False-negative rates were 0% to 38%, 0% to 40%, 0% to 17%, and 7% to 8%, respectively. Conclusions In patients with PTC, 99m Tc-nanocolloids offer a higher SDR than that of the VD technique. The addition of SPECT/CT improved identification of metastatic SLNs outside the central neck compartment.