tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Expanding the Concept of Translational Research: Making a Place for Environmental Health Sciences
Authors: Kristianna G. Pettibone, David M. Balshaw, Caroline Dilworth, Christina H. Drew, Janet E. Hall, Michelle Heacock, Alfonso R. Latoni, Kimberly A. McAllister, Liam R. O’Fallon, Claudia Thompson, Nigel J. Walker, Mary S. Wolfe, Demia S. Wright, Gwen W. Collman
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2018)

Summary: The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) introduces a new translational research framework that builds upon previous biomedical models to create a more comprehensive and integrated environmental health paradigm. The framework was developed as a graphical construct that illustrates the complexity of designing, implementing, and tracking translational research in environmental health. We conceptualize translational research as a series of concentric rings and nodes, defining "translation" as movement either from one ring to another or between nodes on a ring. A "Fundamental Questions" ring expands upon the research described in other frameworks as "basic" to include three interrelated concepts critical to basic science research: research questions, experimental settings, and organisms. This feature enables us to capture more granularity and thus facilitates an approach for categorizing translational research and its growth over time. We anticipate that the framework will help researchers develop compelling long-term translational research stories and accelerate public health impacts by clearly mapping out opportunities for collaborations. By using this paradigm, researchers everywhere will be better positioned to design research programs, identify research partners based on cross-disciplinary research needs, identify stakeholders who are likely to use the research for environmental decision-making and intervention, and track progress toward common goals. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3657
Understanding the Limitations of Cancer Registry Insurance Data—Implications for Policy—Reply
Authors: Libby Ellis, Daphne Lichtensztajn, Scarlett Lin Gomez
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Abstract 19470: The Clinical Impact of Intestinal Wall Thickness and Blood Flow Measured by Ultrasonography in Patients With Hospitalized Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Naohiko Sone, Sachiko Yoshikawa, Junichi Imanishi, Tomoyuki Honjo, Kouhei Kamemura, Kenji Kaihotsu, Masanori Iwahashi
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Intestinal wall edema is clinically observed in patients with heart failure (HF), but it is still unclear to understand the condition of HF from this point of view. In this study, we ...
Reply to Andrea Necchi, Antonella Messina, and Alberto Briganti's Letter to the Editor re: Valeria Panebianco, Yoshifumi Narumi, Ersan Altun, et al. Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Bladder Cancer: Development of VI-RADS (Vesical Imaging-Reporting and Data System). Eur Urol 2018;74:294–306
Authors: Valeria Panebianco, Jelle Barentsz, Yoshifumi Narumi, James Catto
Journal: European Urology (2018)
Abstract 17868: Role of Lysosomal Acid Lipase in LDL-C Regulation in Familial Hypercholesterolemia and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Atsushi Nohara, Masa-aki Kawashiri, Yoshikatsu Eto, Miwa Fujisaki, Hayato Tada, Mie Yoshida, Mika Mori, Chiaki Nakanishi, Kunimasa Yagi, Akihiro Inazu, Takeshi Kobayashi, Masakazu Yamagishi, Hiroshi Mabuchi
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL), coded by LIPA gene, is key role player of LDL receptor pathway, and LIPA is a susceptibility gene for CAD in many GWAS studies. LAL hydrolyzes cholesterol-ester in hepatocytes, and is essential for M2 activation of macrophages. Furthermore, LAL-deficiency, with increased LDL-C and premature CAD, has been focused as underdiagnosed disease similar to familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). On the other hand, little is known about the role of physiological LAL activity on atherosclerosis. We investigated LIPA gene as genetic cause of FH, and LAL activity in CAD high-risk group. Methods: This study consisted of two parts. First part was genetic analysis of LIPA gene. From 940 clinically diagnosed hetero-FH patients in Japan, pathogenic mutations were identified in 788 patients through screening in LDLR, PCSK9, and APOB genes. All coding regions of LIPA gene were investigated in 143 hetero-FH patients without pathogenic mutation in those genes. Identified variants were also evaluated in 200 genetically confirmed hetero-FH, 200 non-FH dyslipidemia, and 250 general population samples. Second part was LAL acclivity measurement with very recently developed fluorometric assay method using dried blood spots. A total of 122 CAD high-risk patients (M/F: 67/55, age: 65 ± 15 yrs, established CAD: 34%, DM: 46%, hetero-FH: 25%) were investigated their LAL activity. Results: Analysis in LIPA gene revealed no patients with LAL-deficiency among FH without confirmed mutations. All variants identified were considered as benign. Intriguingly, common LIPA T16P carriers showed lower pre-treatment LDL-C in genetically confirmed hetero-FH (LDL-C 215±61 vs. 242±70 mg/dL, p &lt;0.05). In activity analysis, LAL activity correlated positively with BMI (R 2 : 10%, p &lt;0.0005), γGTP (R 2 : 11%, p &lt;0.0005), and HbA1c (R 2 : 5%, p &lt;0.05), and negatively with LDL-C (R 2 : 4%, p &lt;0.05). Exclusion of FH did not change these results. LAL might have a protective role in obesity, like metabolic syndrome does not necessarily reveal high LDL-C. Conclusion: LAL-deficiency was not common genetic cause of FH in Japan. LAL activity increased with obesity, and negatively correlated with LDL-C. Further study will clarify the role of LAL in atherosclerosis.
Liver Stiffness Measurements in Patients with Noncirrhotic Portal Hypertension—The Devil Is in the Details
Authors: Raj Vuppalanchi, Karan Mathur, Maximillian Pyko, Niharika Samala, Naga Chalasani
Journal: Hepatology (2018)

Noncirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) is often a diagnostic challenge due to signs and symptoms of portal hypertension that overlap with cirrhosis. The etiology of NCPH is broadly classified as prehepatic, hepatic (presinusoidal and sinusoidal) and posthepatic.1 Some common etiologies of NCPH encountered in clinical practice include portal vein thrombosis (prehepatic) and nodular regenerative hyperplasia (hepatic). Liver histology, although considered gold standard to exclude cirrhosis in individuals with suspected NCPH, is often limited by subtle histologic features or inadequate sampling. Liver stiffness measurements (LSMs) by vibration‐controlled transient elastography may provide clinically important information to distinguish NCPH from cirrhosis by revealing normal LSM in prehepatic and presinusoidal NCPH.
Verify original results through reanalysis before replicating
Authors: Michèle B. Nuijten, Marjan Bakker, Esther Maassen, Jelte M. Wicherts
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2018)

In determining the need to directly replicate, it is crucial to first verify the original results through independent reanalysis of the data. Original results that appear erroneous and that cannot be reproduced by reanalysis offer little evidence to begin with, thereby diminishing the need to replicate. Sharing data and scripts is essential to ensure reproducibility.
Sex Differences in Management and Outcome After Acute Myocardial Infarction in the 1990s
Authors: ShmuelGottlieb, DavidHarpaz, AvrahamShotan, ValentinaBoyko, JonathanLeor, MiriamCohen, LoriMandelzweig, BenjaminMazouz, ShlomoStern, SolomonBehar
Journal: Circulation (2000)

Background—Previous studies have suggested that women with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are less aggressively managed than are men. The aim of this study was to assess sex differences in medical and invasive coronary procedures (angiography, PTCA, and CABG) in AMI patients admitted to cardiac care units (CCUs) in Israel in the mid 1990s and their association with early and 1-year prognosis. Methods and Results—We studied 2867 consecutive AMI patients (2125 men, 74%) hospitalized in all 25 CCUs in Israel from 3 prospective nationwide surveys conducted in 1992, 1994, and 1996. Women were, on average, older than men (69 versus 61 years, P<0.0001) and had a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, Killip class ≥II on admission, and in-hospital complications. Women received aspirin and β-blockers less often than did men, but these differences were not significant after age adjustment. The unadjusted rates of thrombolysis, angiography, and PTCA/CABG use were lower in women than in men but not after cov...
Diminishing Kidney Reserve and the “Pseudo”normal Creatinine
Authors: Abhilash Koratala, Kawther F. Alquadan
Journal: Hepatology (2018)

TO THE EDITOR: We read, with great interest, the study by Cullaro et al., which showed that "apparently normal" baseline serum creatinine levels are associated with increased risk of persistent kidney injury and mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis.(1) We commend the investigators for undertaking such a rigorous analysis and would like to share our opinion on the utility of renal functional reserve (RFR) in this clinical setting. RFR, originally described more than 30 years ago,(2) remains an underexplored concept. It is defined as the difference between "stress" glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and baseline GFR, where stress GFR is the supranormal GFR that can be clinically elicited by administering a protein load and represents the reserve capacity of the kidney to increase GFR in response to certain stimuli.(3) Even with up to 50% of the functional nephron mass damaged during an episode of acute kidney injury (AKI), hyperfiltration in the remaining nephrons would compensate for the lost function, keeping the serum creatinine value near baseline or "normal" (Fig. 1). During subsequent episodes of AKI, the serum creatinine settles at a higher baseline because of complete or partial loss of RFR during previous episodes. Therefore, RFR is likely to be a sensitive index for early detection of renal disease and also an appropriate marker to follow up patients with renal dysfunction, compared to serum creatinine.(4) In our opinion, measuring RFR at baseline and after AKI in certain high‐risk subgroups (e.g., patients with cirrhosis) could be a valuable tool for prognostication and development of appropriate risk‐reduction protocols. Future studies should focus on developing simplified protocols for RFR testing to make its use more practical.Figure 1: Illustration depicting the (A) baseline GFR (120 mL/min) and stress GFR (180 mL/min). Renal functional reserve is the difference between stress and baseline GFRs, that is, 60 mL/min in this example. (B,C) GFR returning back to baseline after recovery from an AKI at the expense of partially or completely lost renal functional reserve because of hyperfiltration in the remaining nephrons.Potential Conflict of Interest Nothing to report.
Risk of Breast Implant–Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Danny A. Young-Afat
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Slit2/Robo4 axis may contribute to endothelial cell dysfunction and angiogenesis disturbance in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Eloisa Romano, Mirko Manetti, Irene Rosa, Bianca Saveria Fioretto, Lidia Ibba-Manneschi, Marco Matucci-Cerinic, Serena Guiducci
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

<h3>Objective</h3> In systemic sclerosis (SSc), early microvascular injury is followed by impaired angiogenesis and peripheral capillary loss. Here, we investigated the possible contribution of the neurovascular guidance molecule Slit2 and its Roundabout (Robo) receptors to SSc-related endothelial cell dysfunction. <h3>Methods</h3> Circulating Slit2 levels were measured in patients with SSc and healthy controls. Slit2, Robo1 and Robo4 expression was investigated in SSc and healthy skin biopsies and explanted dermal microvascular endothelial cells (MVECs). Slit2/Robo4 function in MVEC angiogenesis was studied by cell viability, wound healing and capillary-like tube formation assays. <h3>Results</h3> Circulating Slit2 was significantly increased in either SSc or patients with a very early diagnosis of SSc (VEDOSS) compared with controls. Interestingly, serum Slit2 levels were raised in patients with VEDOSS with nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) abnormalities, while they were similar in VEDOSS with normal NVC and controls. In SSc, Slit2 and Robo4 expression was upregulated in clinically affected skin and explanted MVECs in respect to controls. The angiogenic performance of healthy MVECs was significantly reduced after challenge with recombinant human Slit2 or SSc sera. These inhibitory effects were significantly attenuated when SSc sera were preincubated with an anti-Slit2 blocking antibody. In vitro angiogenesis was severely compromised in SSc-MVECs and could be significantly ameliorated by Slit2 neutralisation or <i>ROBO4</i> gene silencing. Slit2/Robo4 axis interfered with angiogenesis through the inhibition of Src kinase phosphorylation. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In SSc, increased circulating levels of Slit2 and activation of the Slit2/Robo4 antiangiogenic axis may contribute to peripheral microangiopathy since the very early phase of the disease.
Discrimination Of Pulmonary Changes In Neonatal Chronic Lung Disease By A New Mri Score
Authors: A. Hilgendorff, K. Förster, S. Sass, S. Stöcklein, O. Dietrich, A. Pomschar, A. Schulze, C. Hübener, F. Theis, H. Erhardt, A. Flemmer, B. Ertl-Wagner
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2017)
Plasma HPV cell-free DNA monitoring in advanced HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: G.J. Hanna, J.G. Supplee, Y. Kuang, U. Mahmood, C.J. Lau, R.I. Haddad, P.A. Jänne, C.P. Paweletz
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

BackgroundMeasuring cell-free (cf)DNA in blood and tissues holds significant potential as a minimally invasive method for disease monitoring in cancer. Cancers arising in the oropharynx and causally linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) represent an ideal model in which to interrogate these methods.Patients and methodsWe designed an ultrasensitive and quantitative droplet digital (dd)PCR assay to detect the five dominant high-risk HPV subtypes linked to oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). We enrolled a pilot observational cohort of 22 patients with advanced HPV+ OPC to evaluate the clinical utility of our assay and explore its predictive and prognostic potential.ResultsTotal tumor burden (TTB) strongly correlated with HPV cfDNA levels (R = 0.91, P= 2.3×10−6) at this cohort size, and in most cases more distant anatomic disease locations predicted increasing HPV cfDNA levels. All participants demonstrated a corresponding change in their HPV cfDNA levels at a median of 16 days (range 12–38) before restaging scans confirming treatment response or progression. Patients with locoregional disease in the head and neck or pulmonary-only metastases had worse outcomes (P= 0.01). Both TTB and median plasma HPV cfDNA levels negatively correlated with survival (R=−0.65, P= 0.01; R=−0.48, P= 0.05, respectively).Conclusion(s)Plasma HPV cfDNA monitoring recapitulates fluctuations in disease status. While blood-based HPV DNA monitoring does not currently have a role in managing HPV+ OPC, these data speak to their broad clinical potential in an era of precision medicine.
Timing somatic events in the evolution of cancer
Authors: Clemency Jolly, Peter Van Loo
Journal: Genome biology (2018)

Cancer arises through the accumulation of somatic mutations over time. An understanding of the sequence of events during this process should allow both earlier diagnosis and better prediction of cancer progression. However, the pathways of tumor evolution have not yet been comprehensively characterized. With the advent of whole genome sequencing, it is now possible to infer the evolutionary history of single tumors from the snapshot of their genome taken at diagnosis, giving new insights into the biology of tumorigenesis.
Abstract 9978: Effect of Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty on Respiratory Function in Patients With Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension: Different Effects According to the Lung Field Involved
Authors: Mina Akizuki, Naoki Serizawa, Atuko Ueno, Taku Adachi, Nobuhisa Hagiwara
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) with balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) reportedly improves hemodynamics, exercise capacity, and right ventricular function. However, the effect of BPA on respiratory functions is unclear. Methods: We enrolled consecutive patients with inoperable CTEPH who underwent BPA. BPA was performed primarily on the lower lobe arteries during the first series and on the upper and middle lobe arteries during the second series. We examined right heart catheterization, the respiratory function test, and the cardiopulmonary exercise test, and compared the change in these parameters according to the BPA performed field (divided into the upper-middle and lower lobe before BPA, after BPA, and the follow-up period). Results: In total, 62 BPA sessions were performed in 13 CTEPH patients. Hemodynamics significantly improved after BPA (mPAP: 44±8 to 24±5 mmHg, PVR: 818±383 to 293±68 dyne/s/cm-5), and WHO-FC improved from 3.1±0.3 to 2.2±0.6 after BPA. Hemodynamic improvement tended to be larger in BPA in the lower lung field. The %DLco significantly decreased (p=0.001) in BPA in the lower lung field, and did not appear to recover during the follow-up period. In contrast, %DLco significantly increased in BPA in the upper-middle lung field (p=0.030), and tended to increase until the follow-up period (p=0.077) (Fig). In addition, VE/VCO2 slope significantly improved after BPA in the lower lung field (p=0.014), and showed further improvement at the follow-up period (p=0.007); however, VE/VCO2 slope remained unchanged after BPA in the upper-middle lung field (Fig). Furthermore, during follow-up, change in %DLco and VE/VCO2 slope were significantly different between lower and upper-middle lung field BPA performed (p&lt;0.001 and p=0.020, respectively, Fig). Conclusions: We observed that the effect of BPA in CTEPH patients may have a different effect on respiratory function according to the lung field.
Quantitative Proteomics Reveals Novel Fibrotic Networks Of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell And Monocytes In Ipf
Authors: I. E. Fernandez, R. Roy, F. R. Greiffo, M. Frankenberger, J. Behr, A. R. Forrest, O. Eickelberg
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2017)
Axillary lymph node status in breast cancer staging: What patient and tumor factors affect the accuracy of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration?
Authors: Celin Chacko, Beatriu Reig, Tova Koenigsberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

1126 Background: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) of axillary lymph nodes(ALNs) in patients with breast cancer and to determine factors that influence accuracy of ultrasound-guided FNA. Methods: Retrospective review of patients with breast cancer who had FNA of ALNs as well as sentinel lymph node excision or complete axillary dissection. Patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy were excluded. 55 axillary FNAs in 54 patients were included in the final analysis. Pathology reports were reviewed for size of the primary tumor, FNA results, number of positive ALNs, and greatest tumor size in ALNs. FNA was performed if a suspicious lymph node was identified. Surgical sentinel lymph node biopsy or full axillary dissection were the reference standard. Micrometastases (&lt; 0.2 mm) and isolated tumor cells in the lymph node were included in the negative group. Atypical and nondiagnostic FNA results were considered negative cytologic results. Significance was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Size of the primary cancer ranged from 0.3 mm to 8.5 cm. The sensitivity of FNA was 73%, with positive predictive value of 97% and negative predictive value of 52%. The NPV of FNA for primary tumors &lt;1 cm, 1.1-2, 2.1-5 and &gt;5 cm is 100%, 36%, 50% and 66% respectively. Correlation of primary tumor size with sensitivity of FNA was not statistically significant. The sensitivity of FNA for lymph nodes with metastatic deposit &lt; 5mm, 6-10mm, 11-15mm, 16-20mm, and 21mm+ is 0%, 57%, 59%, 89%, and 100%, which is statistically significant (p = 0.007). The number of positive ALNs at axillary dissection is not correlated to the sensitivity of FNA. The sensitivity of FNA for 1-3, 4-9 and 10+ positive ALNs is 78%, 64% and 80%. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that FNA of suspicious axillary lymph nodes is valuable even in small tumors, which differs from the literature. The overall negative predictive value of FNA is 52%, so sentinel lymph node biopsy is essential after negative FNA. Sensitivity of FNA increases with the size of the metastatic deposit in the lymph node, but is not correlated to the number of positive ALNs found at dissection.