tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 17530: Characterization of Cardiac-resident Leukocyte Populations in the Steady-state and During Aging
Authors: Gustavo C Ramos, Anne van den Berg, Johannes Weirather, Ulrich Hofmann, Stefan Frantz
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Although it is well acknowledged that immunological phenomena participate in several cardiac diseases, it has been deeply neglected the fact that the heart is already populated by resident leukocytes before the onset of any sign of disease. In the present work we comprehensively characterized the cardiac-resident leukocyte populations and addressed for the first time in the literature how these cells take part in cardiac physiology and aging. We compared cardiac function, structure and gene expression of healthy naïve C57BL6/J (WT) mice 10 (young), 30 (mid-aged) and 60 (aged) wk old. Flow cytometrical analysis of perfused-digested murine hearts revealed a cardiac-resident leukocyte population comprised of approx. 103 cells/mg (M2-macrophages &gt; B-cells &gt; T-cells &gt; granulocytes). The frequency of resident leukocytes found in cardiac muscle was 17.4 fold higher than in skeletal muscle, suggesting that they might be relevant for cardiac physiology. Importantly, cardiac-resident leukocyte composition shifted towards a pro-inflammatory profile during aging. Additionally, qPCR analysis indicated a significant up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes such as TNF, IL-1β and IFN-γ in aged mice (e.g. TNF mRNA expression level: 2.1 .10-4 ± 2.0 10-5 in young vs 1.5 .10-3 ± 2.6 .10-4 in aged mice; P &lt; 0.05). Similar results were found regarding to pro-fibrotic and pro-hypertrophic genes expression (e.g. Coll-III, TGF-β and βMyHC). Furthermore, aged WT mice presented increased serum levels of autoantibodies against myosin and higher frequencies of activated T helper cells (CD4+CD69+) in mediastinal lymph nodes as compared to young mice. Echocardiographic and hemodynamic studies revealed that in parallel with increased inflammation, 60 wk old naïve mice spontaneously develop severe cardiac dysfunction (e.g. ejection fraction: 34.6% ± 5.19%). Altogether, these data demonstrated that the heart comprises an important and yet underappreciated resident leukocyte population in the steady-state and that shifts in its composition occur in parallel with the cardiac deterioration observed in aged mice.
Advances in Understanding the Pathophysiology of Lacunar Stroke
Authors: Robert W. Regenhardt, Alvin S. Das, Eng H. Lo, Louis R. Caplan
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2018)

Stroke is the second leading cause of death in the world, and nearly one-third of ischemic strokes are lacunar strokes (LSs) or small subcortical infarcts. Although smaller in size, they create large problems, leaving many patients with intellectual and physical disabilities. Because there are limitations in understanding the underlying pathophysiology of LS, the development of novel therapies has been slow.When the term lacune was described in the 1800s, its underlying pathophysiological basis was obscure. In the 1960s, C. Miller Fisher, MD, performed autopsy studies that showed that vessels supplying lacunes displayed segmental arteriolar disorganization, characterized by vessel enlargement, hemorrhage, and fibrinoid deposition. For these pathologic changes, he coined the term lipohyalinosis. Since that time, few attempts have been made to reconcile this pathologic description with modern mechanisms of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). During the past 6 years, progress has been made in understanding the clinical mechanisms, imaging characteristics, and genetic basis of LS.Questions persist regarding the order of events related to the initiation and progression of CSVD, how LS is related to other sequelae of CSVD, and whether LS is part of a systemic disease process. The relative roles of aging, oxidative stress, mechanical stress, genetic predisposition, and other vascular risk factors should be further studied, especially in the era of widespread antihypertensive use. Although understanding of endothelial dysfunction has increased, future work on the role of media and adventitial dysfunction should be explored. Recent advances in mapping the brain vasculome may generate new hypotheses. The investigation of new therapeutic targets, aimed at reversing CSVD processes and promoting neural repair after LS, depends upon further understanding these basic mechanisms.
Abstract 20627: Defective Vitamin D Signaling is Associated With Profound Calcium Handling Abnormalities, Activation of Protein Kinase C Signaling
Authors: sangita choudhury, Soochan Bae, Quingen Ke, Jun han Choi, Federica delmonte, Peter M Kang
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with the development of cardiac dysfunction, but the pathogenic mechanism is not known. Here, we examine the relationship between defective vitamin D signaling an...
Bacterial Factors That Predict Relapse after Tuberculosis Therapy
Authors: Roberto Colangeli, Hannah Jedrey, Soyeon Kim, Roy Connell, Shuyi Ma, Uma D. Chippada Venkata, Soumitesh Chakravorty, Aditi Gupta, Erin E. Sizemore, Lois Diem, David R. Sherman, Alphonse Okwera, Reynaldo Dietze, W. Henry Boom, John L. Johnson, William R. Mac Kenzie, David Alland
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Approximately 5% of patients with drug-susceptible tuberculosis have a relapse after 6 months of first-line therapy, as do approximately 20% of patients after 4 months of short-course therapy. We postulated that by analyzing pretreatment isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis obtained from patients who subsequently had a relapse or were cured, we could determine any correlations between the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a drug below the standard resistance breakpoint and the relapse risk after treatment.
An Additive to PMMA Bone Cement Enables Postimplantation Drug Refilling, Broadens Range of Compatible Antibiotics, and Prolongs Antimicrobial Therapy
Authors: Erika L. Cyphert, Greg D. Learn, Sara K. Hurley, Chao‐yi Lu, Horst A. von Recum
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2018)

Abstract Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is used in several biomedical applications including as antibiotic‐filled beads, temporary skeletal spacers, and cement for orthopedic implant fixation. To mitigate infection following surgery, antibiotics are often mixed into bone cement to achieve local delivery. However, since implanted cement is often structural, incorporated antibiotics must not compromise mechanical properties; this limits the selection of compatible antibiotics. Furthermore, antibiotics cannot be added to resolve future infections once cement is implanted. Finally, delivery from cement is suboptimal as incorporated antibiotics exhibit early burst release with most of the drug remaining permanently trapped. This prolonged subtherapeutic dosage drives pathogen antibiotic resistance. To overcome these limitations of antibiotic‐laden bone cement, insoluble cyclodextrin (CD) microparticles are incorporated into PMMA to provide more sustained delivery of a broader range of drugs, without impacting mechanics. PMMA formulations with and without CD microparticles are synthesized and filled with one of three antibiotics and evaluated using zone of inhibition, drug release, and compression studies. Additionally, the ability of PMMA with microparticles to serve as a refillable antibiotic delivery depot is explored. Findings suggest that addition of CD microparticles to cement promotes postimplantation antibiotic refilling and enables incorporation of previously incompatible antibiotics while preserving favorable mechanical properties.
Blue Te Nanoneedles with Strong NIR Photothermal and Laser‐Enhanced Anticancer Effects as “All‐in‐One” Nanoagents for Synergistic Thermo‐Chemotherapy of Tumors
Authors: Nuo Yu, Jinning Li, Zhaojie Wang, Shuyan Yang, Zixiao Liu, Yanshu Wang, Meifang Zhu, Dengbin Wang, Zhigang Chen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2018)

Abstract The conventional blue Te nanostructures exhibit strong photoabsorption in the near‐infrared (NIR) region but have ultralong lengths (tenths of micrometers), while purple Te nanostructures with short lengths (such as nanodots and nanorods) show extremely low intensity of the NIR band. These Te nanostructures cannot achieve simultaneously both the suitable size and high NIR absorption, undoubtedly hindering their bioapplication. Herein, blue Te nanoneedles are prepared through a facile one‐pot reduction route for the first time, and they have strong NIR absorbance while maintaining the shortened length (&lt;500 nm). Compared to purple Te nanorods, blue Te nanoneedles have higher photothermal conversion efficiency using a 915 nm laser and exhibit laser‐enhanced antioxidative activity toward scavenging of free radicals. These blue nanoneedles show significant discrimination in cytotoxicity toward different cell‐lines, and demonstrate anticancer activity induced by mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, when blue Te nanoneedles are injected in tumors of mice, tumors can be detected by thermal/photoacoustic imaging, and satisfactory therapeutic effects are achieved through the synergistic thermo‐chemotherapy in contrast to the limited therapeutic effect of Te‐alone treatment. Therefore, these blue Te nanoneedles can be served as a novel theranostic nanoagent for simultaneous multimodal imaging and synergistic thermo‐chemotherapy for tumors.
An assessment of progress in cancer control
Authors: Rebecca L. Siegel, Ahmedin Jemal, Richard C. Wender, Ted Gansler, Jiemin Ma, Otis W. Brawley
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2018)

Abstract This article summarizes cancer mortality trends and disparities based on data from the National Center for Health Statistics. It is the first in a series of articles that will describe the American Cancer Society's vision for how cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment can be transformed to lower the cancer burden in the United States, and sets the stage for a national cancer control plan, or blueprint, for the American Cancer Society goals for reducing cancer mortality by the year 2035. Although steady progress in reducing cancer mortality has been made over the past few decades, it is clear that much more could, and should, be done to save lives through the comprehensive application of currently available evidence‐based public health and clinical interventions to all segments of the population. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;000:000‐000 . © 2018 American Cancer Society .
Abstract 14509: Isolated Tricuspid Valve Surgery is Safely Feasible in Carefully Selected Patients With Dilated Right Heart
Authors: Haytham Elgharably, Ahmed Ibrahim, Lucy Thuita, Eugene Blackstone, Patrick Collier, Gosta Pettersson
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) and right heart failure (RHF) are a heterogeneous group for whom surgery is considered high risk but for whom operability, risks, and benefits are still not well defined. Our objectives were to identify drivers and contributors to TR and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and to study outcomes related to degree of RV dysfunction and RHF after contemporary isolated tricuspid valve surgery (TVS). Methods: From 1/2007 to 12/2013, 62 patients with severe TR, functional in 31 and structural in 31, and variable degree of RHF underwent isolated TVS. All had prior cardiac surgery. Preoperative cardiac catheterization and echocardiograms were reviewed to assess right heart morphology and function. Results: At the time of surgery, increased right heart chamber dimensions and pressures were evident, but RV function was preserved (tricuspid anular plane systolic excursion 16.5 ± 5.86 mm, RV free wall strain -16.72% ± 5.82%, and RV S’ velocity 11.4 ± 4.7...
Sudden onset abdominal pain
Authors: Rupali D Shah, David Howlett
Journal: BMJ (2018)

A 48 year old woman attended the emergency department with a sudden onset of severe abdominal pain, worsening over the few hours before presentation. She underwent a computed tomography scan for further assessment. An axial section through the pelvis is included (fig 1). What radiological sign is present?



Fig 1 

Multiple dilated bowel loops of small bowel are seen in the pelvis, with extensive bubbles of air seen within the bowel wall (fig 2, arrows). This sign is known as pneumatosis intestinalis. Most cases occur in the jejunum and ileum. A small number involve the colon12 (pneumatosis coli).3 The left side is more commonly affected than the right.2



Fig 2 
Arrows point to extensive …
A unified personal protective equipment ensemble for clinical response to possible high consequence infectious diseases: A consensus document on behalf of the HCID programme
Authors: Bozena Poller, Anne Tunbridge, Samantha Hall, Mike Beadsworth, Mike Jacobs, Erica Peters, Matthias L Schmid, Allison Sykes, Vin Poran, Nick Gent, Cariad Evans, Brian Crook
Journal: Journal of Infection (2018)

The importance of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) as a component of healthcare worker (HCW) protection was highlighted during the Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa. The large number of HCW deaths in Africa was in part due to lack of resources or prior training in PPE usage. As part of the Ebola legacy, the High Consequence Infectious Disease (HCID) programme was initiated by NHS England and Public Health England (PHE) to improve preparedness for Ebola and other infections that not only endanger the life of the patient, but also pose particular dangers to HCWs. A systematic review identified national standardisation of PPE protocols as a priority, but recognised that a lack of safety data limited the ability to mandate any one protocol.A simulation-based exercise was developed to assess the safety of PPE ensembles in use in the UK during first assessment of a patient with a possible HCID. A mannequin was adapted to expose volunteer HCWs to synthetic bodily fluids (vomit, sweat, diarrhoea and cough), each with a different coloured fluorescent tracer, invisible other than under ultraviolet (UV) light. After exposure, HCWs were examined under UV lights to locate fluorescent contamination, and were screened again after removing PPE (doffing) to detect any personal contamination. The exercise was videoed, allowing retrospective analysis of contamination events and user errors.The simulation testing identified significant HCW contamination events after doffing, related to protocol failure or complications in PPE doffing, providing conclusive evidence that improvements could be made. At a workshop with an expert stakeholder group, the data were examined and a unified PPE ensemble agreed. This ensemble was then tested in the same simulation exercise and no evidence of any HCW contamination was seen after doffing. Following further review by the working group, a consensus agreement has been reached and a unified 'HCID assessment PPE' ensemble, with accompanying donning and doffing protocols, is presented here.
Abstract 17717: Statin Use and the Risk of Vascular Events Among Cancer Patients After Radiotherapy to the Thorax, Head and Neck
Authors: Jacinthe Boulet, Jessica Pena, Carolyn Freeman, Christine lambert, Tarek Hijal, Lyne Nadeau, Jay Brophy, Negar Mousavi
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Radiation-induced atherosclerosis increases the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events, independent of traditional vascular risk factors. Moreover patients with a canc...
Cancer stem cells-emanated therapy resistance: Implications for liposomal drug delivery systems
Authors: Hassan Dianat-Moghadam, Maryam Heidarifard, Rana Jahanban-Esfahlan, Yunes Panahi, Hamed Hamishehkar, Farhad Pouremamali, Reza Rahbarghazi, Mohammad Nouri
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2018)
Abstract 19863: The Shear Stress-induced Human Long Non-coding RNA Lassie Regulates Endothelial Cell-cell Junctions
Authors: Laura Stanicek, Noelia Lozano-Vidal, Hyouk-Bum Kwon, Didier Stainier, Ilka Wittig, Stefanie Dimmeler, Reinier A Boon
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: The human genome contains only 2-3% protein-coding RNAs while the vast majority (80%) of the genome is transcribed as non-coding RNA, as reported by the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (...
Effect of Cannabidiol on Medial Temporal, Midbrain, and Striatal Dysfunction in People at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis
Authors: Sagnik Bhattacharyya, Robin Wilson, Elizabeth Appiah-Kusi, Aisling O’Neill, Michael Brammer, Jesus Perez, Robin Murray, Paul Allen, Matthijs G. Bossong, Philip McGuire
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2018)

Cannabidiol (CBD) has antipsychotic effects in humans, but how these are mediated in the brain remains unclear.To investigate the neurocognitive mechanisms that underlie the therapeutic effects of CBD in psychosis.In this parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial conducted at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust in London, United Kingdom, 33 antipsychotic medication-naive participants at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis and 19 healthy control participants were studied. Data were collected from July 2013 to October 2016 and analyzed from November 2016 to October 2017.A total of 16 participants at CHR of psychosis received a single oral dose of 600 mg of CBD, and 17 participants at CHR received a placebo. Control participants were not given any drug. All participants were then studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a verbal learning task.Brain activation during verbal encoding and recall, indexed using the blood oxygen level-dependent hemodynamic response fMRI signal.Of the 16 participants in the CBD group, 6 (38%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 22.43 (4.95) years; of 17 in the placebo group, 10 (59%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 25.35 (5.24) years; and of 19 in the control group, 8 (42%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 23.89 (4.14) years. Brain activation (indexed using the median sum of squares ratio of the blood oxygen level-dependent hemodynamic response effects model component to the residual sum of squares) was analyzed in 15 participants in the CBD group, 16 in the placebo group, and 19 in the control group. Participants receiving placebo had reduced activation relative to controls in the right caudate during encoding (placebo: median, -0.027; interquartile range [IQR], -0.041 to -0.016; control: median, 0.020; IQR, -0.022 to 0.056; P < .001) and in the parahippocampal gyrus and midbrain during recall (placebo: median, 0.002; IQR, -0.016 to 0.010; control: median, 0.035; IQR, 0.015 to 0.039; P < .001). Within these 3 regions, activation in the CBD group was greater than in the placebo group but lower than in the control group (parahippocampal gyrus/midbrain: CBD: median, -0.013; IQR, -0.027 to 0.002; placebo: median, -0.007; IQR, -0.019 to 0.008; control: median, 0.034; IQR, 0.005 to 0.059); the level of activation in the CBD group was thus intermediate to that in the other 2 groups. There were no significant group differences in task performance.Cannabidiol may partially normalize alterations in parahippocampal, striatal, and midbrain function associated with the CHR state. As these regions are critical to the pathophysiology of psychosis, the influence of CBD at these sites could underlie its therapeutic effects on psychotic symptoms.isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN46322781.
Past and Future Role of the Surgical Outcomes Club in Advancing Surgical Outcomes and Health Services Research
Authors: Benjamin S. Brooke, Angela B. Smith, Amir A. Ghaferi
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Sexually transmitted diseases reach record highs in US
Authors: Janice Hopkins Tanne
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia have risen for the fourth straight year in the US, reaching record levels and creating a public health crisis, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has warned.

The report was presented at the CDC’s national conference on sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention on 28 August in Washington, DC.1 David Harvey, executive director of the National Coalition of STD Directors, urged President Donald Trump and Alex Azar, secretary of health and human services, to declare STDs a public health crisis and to provide emergency access to public health funding to help lower the rates of infection.

“The United States continues to have the highest STD rates in the industrialized world,” said Harvey. “We are in the midst of …
Skin stripping technique: A diagnostic clue for fiberglass dermatitis
Authors: Jaime Company-Quiroga, Sergio Alique-García, Eduardo Esteban-Garrido, Freddy Eduardo Rojas-Farias, Anastasia Alejandra Garrido-Ríos, Susana Córdoba, Jesús Borbujo
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2018)
Mitochondrial role in the neonatal predisposition to developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Peter R. Baker, Jacob E. Friedman
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2018)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global epidemic in obese children and adults, and the onset might have fetal origins. A growing body of evidence supports the role of developmental programming, whereby the maternal environment affects fetal and infant development, altering the risk profile for disease later in life. Human and nonhuman primate studies of maternal obesity demonstrate that risk factors for pediatric obesity and NAFLD begin in utero. The pathologic mechanisms for NAFLD are multifactorial but have centered on altered mitochondrial function/dysfunction that might precede insulin resistance. Compared with the adult liver, the fetal liver has fewer mitochondria, low activity of the fatty acid metabolic enzyme carnitine palmitoyl-CoA transferase-1, and little or no gluconeogenesis. Exposure to excess maternal fuels during fetal life uniquely alters hepatic fatty acid oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, de novo lipogenesis, and mitochondrial health. These events promote increased oxidative stress and excess triglyceride storage, and, together with altered immune function and epigenetic changes, they prime the fetal liver for NAFLD and might drive the risk for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the next generation.