tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perineurium-like sheath derived from long-term surviving mesenchymal stem cells confers nerve protection to the injured spinal cord
Authors: Yuan-Huan Ma, Xiang Zeng, Xue-Cheng Qiu, Qing-Shuai Wei, Ming-Tian Che, Ying Ding, Zhou Liu, Guo-Hui Wu, Jia-Hui Sun, Mao Pang, Li-Min Rong, Bin Liu, Zaid Aljuboori, Inbo Han, Eng-Ang Ling, Yuan-Shan Zeng
Journal: Biomaterials (2018)
Lithium and Dementia
Authors: Chika Edward Uzoigwe, Luis Carlos Sanchez Franco, Ignacio Gascon Conde
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Genetically Enhanced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived T Lymphocytes for Off-the-Shelf Cellular Immunotherapy
Authors: Raedun Clarke, Brian Groff, Jeffrey Sasaki, Matthieu Bauer, Tom Tong Lee, Weijie Lan, Michelle Burrascano, Ramzey Abujarour, Greg Bonello, Megan Robinson, Heather Foster, David Robbins, Scott Wolchko, Daniel Shoemaker, Stewart E. Abbot, Bahram Valamehr
Journal: Blood (2016)
Physician-Scientist Career Awards and a Dilemma
Authors: Alan L. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Real World Data on the Efficacy and Safety of Ixazomib in Combination with Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Data Collected from the Hungarian Ixazomib Named Patient Program
Authors: Gergely Varga, Zsolt Nagy, Szabolcs Kosztolányi, Árpád Szomor, Tamás Schneider, Beáta Deák, Krisztina Wolf, Márk Plander, Tamás Szendrei, László Váróczy, Árpád Illés, Árpád Bátai, Mónika Pető, János Fábián, Tamas Masszi, Gabor Mikala
Journal: Blood (2017)
Abstract 15375: Relationship Between Mitral Annular Calcifications and Plaque Morphology in Coronary Artery Disease: A Virtual Histology Intravascular Ultrasound(VH-IVUS) Study
Authors: Seong Hyeop Hyeon, Sang-Wook Kim, Young Kim
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  Patients with mitral annular calcification were found to have increased morbidities and mortality due to atherosclerotic vascular diseases including coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease. The impact of mitral annular calcification on the plaque morphology which was analysed with VH-IVUS has not been studied untill now.   Hypothesis:  We aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence of mitral annular calcification identified by transthoracic echocardiography and the plaque morphology of target lesion in coronary artery disease as assessed by VH-IVUS.   Methods:  We used transthoracic echocardiography to assess and grade mitral annular calcification in 262 patients(pts) with coronary artery disease who underwent VH-IVUS. The group with mitral annular calcification was classified into three sub-categories( mild, moderate, severe ). VH-TCFA (thin-capped fibroatheroma) was defined as necrotic core (NC) >10% of plaque area with a plaque burden of >40% and NC in contact with the lumen for ≥3 image slices. Positive remodeling was defined as remodeling index ( lesion/reference EEM area ) greater than 1.05.   Results:  Mitral annular calcification was observed in 108 pts (41.2%). Pts were divided into 2 groups: mitral annular calcification (108 pts) vs no mitral annular calcification (154 pts). Lesion length, minimal lumen area (MLA), vessel size and remodeling index were similar in both groups(Table 1). In VH-IVUS analysis, VH-TCFA was similarly present in both groups. But necrotic core areas at the sites of lesion, minimal lumen area and maximal necrotic core were greater in the group with mitral annular calcification compared to the group without mitral annular calcification(Table 2).   Conclusions:  Mitral annular calcification can be a predictor of instability of coronary artery lesion because it may suggest more NC area. This may help identify patients who are predisposed to future vascular events.
Abstract 11695: The Kinetics of Circulating Monocyte Subsets and Microbial Translocation in the Acute Phase of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Reveals Prognostic Values for Cardiovascular Outcomes
Authors: Xin Zhou, Xin-Lin Liu, Wen-Jie Ji, Dong Ren, Zhao-Zeng Guo, Yong-Qiang Ma, Zhuoli Zhang, Edward B Thorp, Brandon C Benefield, Daniel C Lee, Ji-Hong Zhao, Adam M Zawada, Yu-Ming Li, Gunnar H Heine
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: In experimental myocardial infarction (MI), a rise in cell counts of circulating monocyte subsets contributes to impaired myocardial healing, and to atherosclerotic plaque destabilization.The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms for the post-MI monocytosis and the prognostic role of monocyte subsets in patients suffering ST-elevation MI (STEMI) are still unclear. Hypothesis: The kinetics of the three monocyte subsets (classical CD14++CD16-, intermediate CD14++CD16+ and non-classical CD14+CD16++ monocytes) and gut microbial translocation are associated with cardiovascular outcomes after STEMI. Methods: In 100 STEMI patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), monocyte subsets and microbial translocation markers (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] and D-lactate) were measured on Days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 of STEMI onset, compared with 35 stable coronary heart disease patients and 35 healthy volunteers. All STEMI patients were prospectively followed for the first occurrence of an adverse cardiovascular event. Results: From Day 1 to Day 7, a parallel increase in CD14++CD16- cell counts, CD14++CD16+ cell counts, and gut permeability markers was observed, with peak levels on Day 2. During a median follow-up of 1.5 years, 25 events were recorded. Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that Day 2 CD14++CD16- cell counts ( P =0.022), CD14++CD16+ cell counts ( P =0.024) and Δ LPS (Day 2 – Day 1; P =0.027) each predicted the primary endpoint when stratified by median values. After adjustment for confounders, Day 2 CD14++CD16+ monocyte counts showed the strongest predictive value (per SD increase: hazard ratio [HR]: 2.127; 95% CI 1.313 to 3.446; P =0.002) for cardiovascular events. Conclusions: The expansion of the CD14++CD16+ monocyte subset on Day 2, which is associated a transient increase in microbial translocation, independently predicts adverse cardiovascular outcome in STEMI patients treated with primary PCI.
Targeting anticoagulant protein S to improve hemostasis in hemophilia
Authors: Raja Prince, Luca Bologna, Mirko Manetti, Daniela Melchiorre, Irene Rosa, Natacha Dewarrat, Silvia Suardi, Poorya Amini, José A. Fernández, Laurent Burnier, Claudia Quarroz, Maria Desiré Reina Caro, Yasuhiro Matsumura, Johanna A. Kremer Hovinga, John H. Griffin, Hans-Uwe Simon, Lidia Ibba-Manneschi, François Saller, Sara Calzavarini, Anne Angelillo-Scherrer
Journal: Blood (2018)
B Cell Lymphoma Immunotherapy Using TLR9-Targeted Oligonucleotide STAT3 Inhibitors
Authors: Xingli Zhao, Zhuoran Zhang, Dayson Moreira, Yu-Lin Su, Haejung Won, Tomasz Adamus, Zhenyuan Dong, Yong Liang, Hongwei H. Yin, Piotr Swiderski, Raju K. Pillai, Larry Kwak, Stephen Forman, Marcin Kortylewski
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2018)

Growing evidence links the aggressiveness of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, especially the activated B cell-like type diffuse large B cell lymphomas (ABC-DLBCLs) to Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)/MyD88 and STAT3 transcription factor signaling. Here, we describe a dual-function molecule consisting of a clinically relevant TLR9 agonist (CpG7909) and a STAT3 inhibitor in the form of a high-affinity decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (dODN). The CpG-STAT3dODN blocked STAT3 DNA binding and activity, thus reducing expression of downstream target genes, such as MYC and BCL2L1, in human and mouse lymphoma cells. We further demonstrated that injections (i.v.) of CpG-STAT3dODN inhibited growth of human OCI-Ly3 lymphoma in immunodeficient mice. Moreover, systemic CpG-STAT3dODN administration induced complete regression of the syngeneic A20 lymphoma, resulting in long-term survival of immunocompetent mice. Both TLR9 stimulation and concurrent STAT3 inhibition were critical for immune-mediated therapeutic effects, since neither CpG7909 alone nor CpG7909 co-injected with unconjugated STAT3dODN extended mouse survival. The CpG-STAT3dODN induced expression of genes critical to antigen-processing/presentation and Th1 cell activation while suppressing survival signaling. These effects resulted in the generation of lymphoma cell-specific CD8/CD4-dependent T cell immunity protecting mice from tumor rechallenge. Our results suggest that CpG-STAT3dODN as a systemic/local monotherapy or in combination with PD1 blockade can provide an opportunity for treating patients with B cell NHL.
Gut Streptococcus species affect persistence and severity of atopic dermatitis during infancy
Authors: Park Yoon Mee, Mi-Jin Kang, So-Yeon Lee, Ji-Sun Yoon, Sungsu Jung, Hyun-ju Cho, Dong In Suh, Youn Ho Shin, Kyungwon Kim, Kangmo Ahn, Soo-Jong Hong
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, nasopharyngeal airway metabolome, and bronchiolitis severity
Authors: K. Hasegawa, C. J. Stewart, J. C. Celedón, J. M. Mansbach, C. Tierney, C. A. Camargo
Journal: Allergy (2018)

Abstract Low circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25 OHD ) levels are a risk factor for acute respiratory infection (eg, bronchiolitis) in children. However, little is known about the relation of circulating 25 OHD with the many downstream functional molecules in target organs—such as the airway—and with clinical outcomes. In this prospective multicenter study of infants (age &lt;1 year) hospitalized with bronchiolitis, we measured serum 25 OHD levels and profiled the metabolome of 144 nasopharyngeal airway samples. Among 254 metabolites identified, we defined a set of 20 metabolites that are related to lower serum 25 OHD and higher vitamin D‐binding protein levels. Of these metabolites, 9 metabolites were associated with a significantly higher risk of positive pressure ventilation use. These metabolites were glycerophosphocholines esterified with proinflammatory fatty acids (palmitate, arachidonate, linoleate, and stearate), sphingomyelins, alpha‐hydroxyisovalerate, 2‐hydroxybutyrate, and 3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)lactate (all FDR &lt;0.05). Based on the multicenter data, vitamin D‐related airway metabolites were associated with risks of bronchiolitis severity.
Inflammation following acute myocardial infarction: Multiple players, dynamic roles, and novel therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Sang-Bing Ong, Sauri Hernández-Reséndiz, Gustavo E. Crespo-Avilan, Regina T. Mukhametshina, Xiu-Yi Kwek, Hector A. Cabrera-Fuentes, Derek J. Hausenloy
Journal: Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2018)

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and the heart failure that often follows, are major causes of death and disability worldwide. As such, new therapies are required to limit myocardial infarct (MI) size, prevent adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling, and reduce the onset of heart failure following AMI. The inflammatory response to AMI, plays a critical role in determining MI size, and a persistent pro-inflammatory reaction can contribute to adverse post-MI LV remodeling, making inflammation an important therapeutic target for improving outcomes following AMI. In this article, we provide an overview of the multiple players (and their dynamic roles) involved in the complex inflammatory response to AMI and subsequent LV remodeling, and highlight future opportunities for targeting inflammation as a therapeutic strategy for limiting MI size, preventing adverse LV remodeling, and reducing heart failure in AMI patients.
Functional Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies are Elevated in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyp Tissue
Authors: Bruce K. Tan, Jeffanie Wu, Whitney W. Stevens, Paul F. Lindholm, Julia He Huang, Kathryn E. Hulse, Atsushi Kato, David B. Conley, Kevin C. Welch, Robert C. Kern, Anju T. Peters, Leslie C. Grammer, Robert P. Schleimer
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Environmental exposure to Staphylococcus aureus and SEB are associated with asthma symptoms and worse lung function among low-income, urban children with asthma
Authors: Meghan F. Davis, Shanna Ludwig, Jonathan Josephs-Spaulding, Kathryn Dalton, Michelle Newman, Susan L. Balcer-Whaley, Roger Peng, Corinne Keet, Meredith C. McCormack, Elizabeth C. Matsui
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Selecting and Improving Quasi-Experimental Designs in Effectiveness and Implementation Research
Authors: Margaret A. Handley, Courtney R. Lyles, Charles McCulloch, Adithya Cattamanchi
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2018)

Interventional researchers face many design challenges when assessing intervention implementation in real-world settings. Intervention implementation requires holding fast on internal validity needs while incorporating external validity considerations (such as uptake by diverse subpopulations, acceptability, cost, and sustainability). Quasi-experimental designs (QEDs) are increasingly employed to achieve a balance between internal and external validity. Although these designs are often referred to and summarized in terms of logistical benefits, there is still uncertainty about (a) selecting from among various QEDs and (b) developing strategies to strengthen the internal and external validity of QEDs. We focus here on commonly used QEDs (prepost designs with nonequivalent control groups, interrupted time series, and stepped-wedge designs) and discuss several variants that maximize internal and external validity at the design, execution and implementation, and analysis stages.
PEG Intron in Essential Thrombocythemia: Two Years Treatment in 90 Patients.
Authors: Gugliotta Luigi, Bulgarelli Simona, Vianelli Nicola, Russo Domenico, Candoni Anna, Michelutti Teresa, Rupoli Serena, Barulli Sara, Latagliata Roberto, Sacchi Stefano, Martinelli Vincenzo, Ciancia Rosanna, Zumaglini Federica, Ercole De Biasi, Bucalossi Alessandro, Mazzotta Serena, Tabilio Antonio, Marcomigni Luca, Passamonti Francesco, Malabarba Lucia, Miglino Maurizio, Varaldo Riccardo, Balestri Francesca, Grossi Alberto, Cacciola Emma, Cacciola Rossella, Pisapia Giovanni, Bonifazi Federica, Fanin Renato, Leoni Pietro, Mandelli Franco, Rotoli Bruno, Zaccaria Alfonso, Lauria Francesco, Martelli Massimo, Lazzarino Mario, Gobbi Marco, Bosi Alberto, Giustolisi Rosario, Mazza Patrizio, Fincato Gianluca, Baccarani Michele
Journal: Blood (2003)
Changes of DNA methylation and their association with changes in lung function during adolescence - an epigenome-wide study
Authors: Shadia Khan Sunny, Hongmei Zhang, Wilfried Karmaus, Faisal I. Rezwan, Cory H. White, Caroline L. Relton, A. John Henderson, Syed H. Arshad, Susan Ewart, John W. Holloway
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Abstract 15180: Adeno-HSPA12B Delivery Improves Neovascularization in a Murine Model of Hind Limb Ischemia
Authors: Muhammad T Rishi, Vaithinathan Selvaraju, J.Alexander Palestey, Nilanjana Maulik
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Objective: Molecular chaperons/heat shock proteins play a critical role in angiogenesis. HSPA12B is a member of the HSP70 subfamily 12 and is predominantly expressed in endothelial cells and requir...
Accurate and sensitive measurement of heat shock proteins, Hsp90α, Hsp27 and phosphorylated Hsp27 in cell and tissue extracts
Authors: Lothar Goretzki, Jue Wang, Mo Saedi
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

1988  Introduction: Interleukin-2 (IL-2; Proleukin®) is a lymphokine that is used to treat patients with metastatic malignant melanoma and metastatic renal cell carcinoma. In addition to activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 5, IL-2 is known to signal through the Ras/MAP Kinase pathway by activating extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (Erk) within immune cells. This signaling event mediates pleiotropic effects relating to cellular proliferation, activation, and survival. To determine the importance of Erk activation in vivo, we developed a novel dual parametric flow cytometric assay to measure phosphorylated Erk (P-Erk) within the immune effector cell subsets of normal subjects and patients receiving IL-2 therapy. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from healthy donors and patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma or malignant melanoma undergoing treatment with high-dose IL-2 (720,000 IU/kg i.v.) and analyzed by multiparametric flow cytometric staining. The Jurkat and NKL cell lines were also evaluated in this manner. Results: P-Erk was detected in the Jurkat T cell line and in PBMCs following in vitro treatment with 50 ng/mL phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). However, only minimal levels of P-Erk were observed in these cells after exposure to IL-2, even when very high doses were employed (8-128 nM). In contrast, high levels of P-Erk were observed in the NKL natural killer (NK) cell line within 10 minute of stimulation with 0.5 nM IL-2. These results were confirmed by immunoblot analysis using lysates prepared from the same cells. In addition to its rapidity, the flow cytometric assay provided quantitative results, was more sensitive to low levels of P-Erk, and used 10-fold less cells. Activation of Erk in response to in vitro treatment with PMA could be efficiently measured in a variety of immune cell subsets (e.g, the CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD21, and CD56 compartments) using dual parameter flow cytometry. However, P-Erk was detected only in CD56bright NK cells following in vitro stimulation with IL-2. Levels of P-Erk in immune cell subsets were measured within PBMCs obtained from individual cancer patients (n=7) one hour after they received their first dose of IL-2. Of note, NK cells were absent from the circulation at this time point and only minimal levels of P-Erk were observed in the remaining subsets. Conclusions: A flow cytometric technique was employed to detect the phosphorylation of Erk in immune cell subsets. This method was rapid, quantitative, highly sensitive, and required fewer cells than immunoblot analysis. There is minimal phosphorylation of Erk in human PBMC subsets following IL-2 stimulation except in the CD56bright NK cell subset.
An Analysis of Type 2 Biomarkers in TENOR II
Authors: Eugene R. Bleecker, Stanley J. Szefler, Robert S. Zeiger, Aimee Foreman, Tmirah Haselkorn, Evgueni Neiman, Farid Kianifard, Brandee Paknis, Benjamin Ortiz, Bradley E. Chipps
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Association between Household Air Pollution Exposure and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Outcomes in 13 Low- and Middle-Income Country Settings
Authors: Trishul Siddharthan, Matthew R. Grigsby, Dina Goodman, Muhammad Chowdhury, Adolfo Rubinstein, Vilma Irazola, Laura Gutierrez, J. Jaime Miranda, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Dewan Alam, Bruce Kirenga, Rupert Jones, Frederick van Gemert, Robert A. Wise, William Checkley
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2018)

Rationale: Forty percent of households worldwide burn biomass fuels for energy, which may be the most important contributor to household air pollution.Objectives: To examine the association between household air pollution exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) outcomes in 13 resource-poor settings.Methods: We analyzed data from 12,396 adult participants living in 13 resource-poor, population-based settings. Household air pollution exposure was defined as using biomass materials as the primary fuel source in the home. We used multivariable regressions to assess the relationship between household air pollution exposure and COPD outcomes, evaluated for interactions, and conducted sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of our findings.Measurements and Main Results: Average age was 54.9 years (44.2–59.6 yr across settings), 48.5% were women (38.3–54.5%), prevalence of household air pollution exposure was 38% (0.5–99.6%), and 8.8% (1.7–15.5%) had COPD. Participants with household air pollution exposure were 41% more likely to have COPD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.18–1.68) than those without the exposure, and 13.5% (6.4–20.6%) of COPD prevalence may be caused by household air pollution exposure, compared with 12.4% caused by cigarette smoking. The association between household air pollution exposure and COPD was stronger in women (1.70; 1.24–2.32) than in men (1.21; 0.92–1.58).Conclusions: Household air pollution exposure was associated with a higher prevalence of COPD, particularly among women, and it is likely a leading population-attributable risk factor for COPD in resource-poor settings.
Efficacy and Safety of Mepolizumab in Uncontrolled Patients with Severe Eosinophilic Asthma Following a Switch from Omalizumab (OSMO Study): Asthma Control, Quality of Life and Lung Function Outcomes
Authors: Frank C. Albers, Mark C. Liu, Bradley E. Chipps, Kenneth R. Chapman, Xavier Muñoz, Miguel Angel Bergna, Jay Azmi, Dalal Mouneimne, Sandra Joksaite, Dmitry Galkin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Liquid biomarkers in melanoma: detection and discovery
Authors: Su Yin Lim, Jenny H. Lee, Russell J. Diefenbach, Richard F. Kefford, Helen Rizos
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2018)

A vast array of tumor-derived genetic, proteomic and cellular components are constantly released into the circulation of cancer patients. These molecules including circulating tumor DNA and RNA, proteins, tumor and immune cells are emerging as convenient and accurate liquid biomarkers of cancer. Circulating cancer biomarkers provide invaluable information on cancer detection and diagnosis, prognosticate patient outcomes, and predict treatment response. In this era of effective molecular targeted treatments and immunotherapies, there is now an urgent need to implement use of these circulating biomarkers in the clinic to facilitate personalized therapy. In this review, we present recent findings in circulating melanoma biomarkers, examine the challenges and promise of evolving technologies used for liquid biomarker discovery, and discuss future directions and perspectives in melanoma biomarker research.