tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ovarian cancer statistics, 2018
Authors: Lindsey A. Torre, Britton Trabert, Carol E. DeSantis, Kimberly D. Miller, Goli Samimi, Carolyn D. Runowicz, Mia M. Gaudet, Ahmedin Jemal, Rebecca L. Siegel
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2018)

In 2018, there will be approximately 22,240 new cases of ovarian cancer diagnosed and 14,070 ovarian cancer deaths in the United States. Herein, the American Cancer Society provides an overview of ovarian cancer occurrence based on incidence data from nationwide population-based cancer registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. The status of early detection strategies is also reviewed. In the United States, the overall ovarian cancer incidence rate declined from 1985 (16.6 per 100,000) to 2014 (11.8 per 100,000) by 29% and the mortality rate declined between 1976 (10.0 per 100,000) and 2015 (6.7 per 100,000) by 33%. Ovarian cancer encompasses a heterogenous group of malignancies that vary in etiology, molecular biology, and numerous other characteristics. Ninety percent of ovarian cancers are epithelial, the most common being serous carcinoma, for which incidence is highest in non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) (5.2 per 100,000) and lowest in non-Hispanic blacks (NHBs) and Asians/Pacific Islanders (APIs) (3.4 per 100,000). Notably, however, APIs have the highest incidence of endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas, which occur at younger ages and help explain comparable epithelial cancer incidence for APIs and NHWs younger than 55 years. Most serous carcinomas are diagnosed at stage III (51%) or IV (29%), for which the 5-year cause-specific survival for patients diagnosed during 2007 through 2013 was 42% and 26%, respectively. For all stages of epithelial cancer combined, 5-year survival is highest in APIs (57%) and lowest in NHBs (35%), who have the lowest survival for almost every stage of diagnosis across cancer subtypes. Moreover, survival has plateaued in NHBs for decades despite increasing in NHWs, from 40% for cases diagnosed during 1992 through 1994 to 47% during 2007 through 2013. Progress in reducing ovarian cancer incidence and mortality can be accelerated by reducing racial disparities and furthering knowledge of etiology and tumorigenesis to facilitate strategies for prevention and early detection. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:284-296. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Immunological corollary of the pulmonary mycobiome in bronchiectasis: the CAMEB study
Authors: Micheál Mac Aogáin, Ravishankar Chandrasekaran, Albert Yick Hou Lim, Teck Boon Low, Gan Liang Tan, Tidi Hassan, Thun How Ong, Amanda Hui Qi Ng, Denis Bertrand, Jia Yu Koh, Sze Lei Pang, Zi Yang Lee, Xiao Wei Gwee, Christopher Martinus, Yang Yie Sio, Sri Anusha Matta, Fook Tim Chew, Holly R. Keir, John E. Connolly, John Arputhan Abisheganaden, Mariko Siyue Koh, Niranjan Nagarajan, James D. Chalmers, Sanjay H. Chotirmall
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

Understanding the composition and clinical importance of the fungal mycobiome was recently identified as a key topic in a “research priorities” consensus statement for bronchiectasis. Patients were recruited as part of the CAMEB study: an international multicentre cross-sectional Cohort of Asian and Matched European Bronchiectasis patients. The mycobiome was determined in 238 patients by targeted amplicon shotgun sequencing of the 18S–28S rRNA internally transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and ITS2. Specific quantitative PCR for detection of and conidial quantification for a range of airway Aspergillus species was performed. Sputum galactomannan, Aspergillus specific IgE, IgG and TARC (thymus and activation regulated chemokine) levels were measured systemically and associated to clinical outcomes. The bronchiectasis mycobiome is distinct and characterised by specific fungal genera, including Aspergillus , Cryptococcus and Clavispora . Aspergillus fumigatus (in Singapore/Kuala Lumpur) and Aspergillus terreus (in Dundee) dominated profiles, the latter associating with exacerbations. High frequencies of Aspergillus- associated disease including sensitisation and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis were detected. Each revealed distinct mycobiome profiles, and associated with more severe disease, poorer pulmonary function and increased exacerbations. The pulmonary mycobiome is of clinical relevance in bronchiectasis. Screening for Aspergillus -associated disease should be considered even in apparently stable patients.
A New Standard of Care for Advanced Lung Cancer
Authors: Joan H. Schiller
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

In 1995, the Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Collaborative Group published a landmark meta-analysis involving eight randomized trials that compared chemotherapy with no therapy or best supportive care for the first-line treatment of metastatic non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).1 This meta-analysis not only showed the poor outcomes of patients with untreated NSCLC (5% overall survival at 1 year) but also showed that cisplatin-based chemotherapy could affect the natural history of this disease (15% overall survival at 1 year). Multiple subsequent trials have since compared different chemotherapy regimens, with small but incremental improvements in overall survival. One phase 3 trial showed a median . . .
Abstract 13005: Temperature Sensitive Erythrocyte ATP Release: A Mechanism of Enhancing Human Limb Tissue Blood Flow
Authors: Kameljit K Kalsi, José González-Alonso
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Human limb muscle and skin perfusion increases profoundly with elevations in tissue temperature evoked by heat stress and/or exercise, a process that might involve temperature sensitive regulatory mechanisms. Here we tested the hypothesis that the release of the vasodilator and sympatholytic mediator ATP from human erythrocytes is sensitive to physiological increases in temperature both  in vivo  and  in situ , and examined potential pathways involved. In 10 healthy subjects exposed to progressive whole body heat stress where quadriceps muscle temperature increased from 36.4 ± 0.3°C to 38.5 ± 0.2°C at rest and from 38.5 ± 0.3°C to 40.2 ± 0.2°C with one-legged knee extensor exercise, increases in arterial plasma ATP strongly correlated with elevations in muscle temperature (r 2 = 0.91;  P 0.05). To investigate the blood source of ATP release, whole blood, red blood cells (RBC), plasma and serum were heated  in situ  to physiological muscle temperatures (i.e., 33°C, 36°C, 39°C and 42°C). As with our  in vivo  findings,  in situ  heating augmented plasma ATP from whole blood from 1078 ± 88 nmoln·l −1  at 33°C to 1573 ± 166 nmol·l −1  at 42°C (n=7,  P =0.08) while there was no change in either isolated plasma or serum samples. ATP release from RBC also increased incrementally from 785 ± 114 nmol·l −1  at 33°C to 3535 ± 468 nmol·l −1  at 42°C (n=10,  P  −1  niflumic acid (a non-specific ion channel inhibitor; n =6,  P  −1  glibenclamide (a specific blocker of cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR); n=7,  P 0.05), only blocked by 10 ± 4% with an inhibitor of nucleoside transport and not affected by an anion exchange inhibitor. Our findings demonstrate that erythrocyte ATP release is sensitive to physiological increases in temperature, possibly via activation of CFTR like channels. Moreover they imply that increasing limb muscle temperatures in patients with peripheral vascular disease or paralysed muscle could improve local blood flow and oxygen and substrate supply via non-pharmacological stimulation of erythrocyte ATP release.
Study TTC-352-101: Phase 1 study of TTC-352 in patients with metastatic breast cancer (BC) progressing on endocrine therapy.
Authors: Ruth O'Regan, Randolph Hurley, Jasgit C. Sachdev, Debra A. Tonetti, Gregory R. Thatcher, Robert P Venuti, Arkadiusz Z. Dudek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

TPS1108 Background: 75% of all breast cancers (BC) are hormone receptor-positive (HR+). Despite the efficacy of endocrine therapies, HR+ BC develop resistance, and cytotoxic chemotherapy is ultimately the only option to treat these patients. TTC-352 is a selective human estrogen receptor (ER) partial agonist (ShERPA) that was developed for treatment of HR+ BC. ShERPAs mimic the effects of estradiol (E2) in hormone-independent, endocrine-resistant BC cells, but since it has only partial agonist activity in HR+ BC cells, it could have an improved side effect profile. Specifically, TTC-352 does not support the growth of HR+, hormone-dependent BC xenografts that normally require E2 for growth nor result in uterine proliferation in mouse xenograft models as does E2. PKCa is a predictive biomarker for response to TTC-352 in endocrine-resistant BC xenografts. Thus, TTC-352 could be a promising treatment option for endocrine-resistant BC. Methods: This is an open-label, accelerated dose escalation study that will evaluate up to five dose levels of TTC-352 in patients with HR+ endocrine-resistant metastatic BC. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of TTC-352 will be determined using initial single-patient cohorts until grade 2 toxicity, then expansion to a modified-Fibonacci dose-escalation 3+3 design. Patients enrolled at each cohort must complete the first 28-day cycle before enrollment to the next dose cohort can start. The MTD dose level cohort will be expanded to a total of 9 patients, to further evaluate safety. The secondary objectives are: to determine patient best response (BR) to treatment, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), treatment tolerability of TTC-352, and to establish the pharmacokinetic profile of TTC-352 in patients with metastatic ER+ BC. Correlative objectives include: tumor PKCa expression, steady-state values for Cmax, and AUC0-12 correlation with BR, PFS and OS. Patient population: patients with metastatic HR+ BC that has progressed on at least two lines of endocrine therapy, with one that included a CDK4/CDK6 inhibitor, and with adequate hepatic, renal, and bone marrow function at screening. This study is currently enrolling patients. Clinical trial information: NCT03201913.
Trump signs bill to give patients right to try drugs
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2018)

The US Congress has passed a controversial bill that effectively ends the Food and Drug Administration’s control over access to unapproved drugs sought by patients who believe that they have run out of other options.1

President Donald Trump signed the bill on 30 May. A few days earlier he said that it “gives people hope . . . They won’t have to fly to Africa, they won’t have to fly to South America, they won’t have to fly to Europe.”

Trump misrepresented the current situation, saying that though many “amazing drugs” were awaiting FDA approval “these people had no access, they had no access at all to getting into that pipeline.” In fact the FDA approves over 99% of expanded access requests for experimental drugs and has been doing so for at least 10 years. …
A Day in the Life: Physician Cares for HIV-Positive Patients in Jail
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Pathogen detection in the CRISPR–Cas era
Authors: Dipali G. Sashital
Journal: Genome Medicine (2018)

CRISPR–Cas systems have provided revolutionary tools for genome editing. The discovery of Cas proteins with alternative activities has now enabled sensitive and robust tools for detecting nucleic acids. Recent reports harnessing these new CRISPR–Cas technologies display their potential for providing low-cost and practical diagnostic tools for pathogen and disease detection.
What works to promote walking at the population level? A systematic review
Authors: Charlie Foster, Paul Kelly, Hamish A B Reid, Nia Roberts, Elaine M Murtagh, David K Humphreys, Jenna Panter, Karen Milton
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2018)

Interventions to promote walking have focused on individual or group-based approaches, often via the randomised controlled trial design. Walking can also be promoted using population health approaches. We systematically reviewed the effectiveness of population approaches to promote walking among individuals and populations.
EMBRACA: Efficacy outcomes in clinically relevant subgroups comparing talazoparib (TALA), an oral poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, to physician's choice of therapy (PCT) in patients with advanced breast cancer and a germline <i>BRCA</i> mutation.
Authors: Hope S. Rugo, Johannes Ettl, Natasha E. Woodward, Sara A. Hurvitz, Anthony Goncalves, Kyung-Hun Lee, Louis Fehrenbacher, Rinat Yerushalmi, Lida A. Mina, Miguel Martin, Henri Hubert Roche, Young-Hyuck Im, Denka Markova, Iulia Cristina Tudor, Wolfgang Eiermann, Joanne Lorraine Blum, Alison L. Hannah, Jennifer Keating Litton
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

1069 Background: TALA is a dual-mechanism PARP inhibitor that traps PARP on DNA, preventing DNA damage repair and causing cell death in BRCA1/2-mutated cells. Methods: EMBRACA (NCT01945775) is an open-label, randomized, 2-arm, phase 3 trial comparing the efficacy and safety of TALA (1 mg/day) with standard single-agent PCT (capecitabine, eribulin, gemcitabine, or vinorelbine) in pts with advanced breast cancer (aBC) and a germline BRCA1/2 mutation (gBRCAmut). PFS by blinded independent central review (BICR) and ORR by investigator were investigated in clinically important subgroups. Results: Of 431 pts randomized, 287 were assigned to receive TALA and 144 to PCT. PFS and ORR are shown (Table). Conclusions: In pts with advanced gBRCAmut breast cancer, TALA demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in both ORR and PFS in clinically relevant subgroups compared with PCT, including pts with CNS metastases, poor performance status, younger age, and visceral disease. Clinical trial information: NCT01945775. PFS by BICR n; hazard ratio (95% CI) ORR by investigator n; odds ratio (95% CI) Age < 50 249; 0.511 (0.348, 0.750) 191; 5.77 (2.54 - 13.67) ECOG > 0 192; 0.436 (0.284, 0.668) 147; 3.32 (1.47 - 7.37) BRCA1 183; 0.595 (0.393, 0.900) 142; 7.01 (2.99 - 19.54) BRCA2 225; 0.474 (0.320, 0.702) 174; 4.15 (1.90 - 8.52) TNBC 190; 0.596 (0.406, 0.874) 150; 11.89 (4.54 - 41.37) HR(+) 241; 0.474 (0.318, 0.708) 183; 2.89 (1.43 - 5.83) CNS metastases 63; 0.322 (0.154, 0.675) 57; 8.95 (1.86 - 52.26) Visceral disease 303; 0.505 (0.366, 0.698) 278; 5.27 (2.87 - 9.74) Prior platinum 76; 0.762 (0.400, 1.451) 63; 3.16 (0.88 - 15.67) DFI < 12 months 150; 0.562 (0.352, 0.897) 122; 4.86 (1.85 - 19.71) Prior cytotoxic therapy for advanced breast cancer Zero regimens 165; 0.567 (0.339, 0.948) 124; 6.86 (2.65 - 16.81) 1 regimen 161; 0.511 (0.328, 0.797) 119; 5.06 (1.95 - 14.18) 2+ regimens 105; 0.564 (0.336, 0.948) 90; 2.66 (0.88 - 7.80)
Rapid inhibition of atherosclerotic plaque progression by sonodynamic therapy
Authors: Xin Sun, Shuyuan Guo, Jianting Yao, Huan Wang, Chenghai Peng, Bicheng Li, Yu Wang, Yongxing Jiang, Tengyu Wang, Yang Yang, Jiali Cheng, Wei Wang, Zhengyu Cao, Xuezhu Zhao, Xiang Li, Jing Sun, Jiemei Yang, Fang Tian, Xi Chen, Qiannan Li, Weiwei Gao, Jing Shen, Qi Zhou, Peng Wang, Zhitao Li, Zhen Tian, Zhiguo Zhang, Wenwu Cao, Min Li, Ye Tian
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)

Currently, efficient regimens to reverse atherosclerotic plaques are not available in the clinic. Herein, we present sonodynamic therapy (SDT) as a novel methodology to rapidly inhibit progression of atherosclerotic plaques.
Cystathionine-γ-lyase ameliorates the histone demethylase JMJD3-mediated autoimmune response in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Weijun Wu, Ming Qin, Wanwan Jia, Zheng Huang, Zhongzheng Li, Di Yang, Mengwei Huang, Chenxi Xiao, Fen Long, Jianchun Mao, Philip K. Moore, Xinhua Liu, Yi Zhun Zhu
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2018)
Breast cancer survivorship care plan: Patient satisfaction with a web-based application.
Authors: Anne Moore, Anna Carlson, Naomi Kornhauser, Sarah E. Schneider, Eleni Andreopoulou, Tessa Cigler, Linda T. Vahdat, Gloria Webster, William Guthrie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

50 Background: The American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer Standard 3.3 mandates that by 2018, oncologists provide Survivorship Care Plans (SCPs) to more than 75% of Stage 1-3 breast cancer survivors. Preparation and delivery of SCPs is time-consuming and requires dedicated staff commitment. Working with PatientsWithPower(PWP), a digital health company supporting patient decision-making for breast cancer, we developed a web-based SCP and surveyed patients regarding their satisfaction with the SCP. The objective of this study was to assess patient satisfaction with the PWP SCP. Methods: SCP’s were prepared using data extracted from the electronic medical record (EMR) and PWP software. A one-page SCP was presented to each patient by the Nurse Practitioner (NP) during a routine visit after patients completed active treatment. Results were reviewed after all surveys were completed. Fifty women with Stage 0-3 breast cancer participated in the IRB approved study and reported their satisfaction with the PWP SCP via online survey. Results: Using patient data in the EMR, the PWP plan took about 45 minutes to prepare. Once completed, NPs spent 10-15 minutes with each patient reviewing the SCP. Patient surveys indicated that 98% of patients felt it was important to receive a SCP, 84% planned to use it to plan follow up management, and 75% intended to share the SCP with their primary care physician. According to patients, the most valuable parts of the SCP were diagnosis and treatment history, and the follow up schedule. More than 70% of women requested additional information about future screening for recurrence, nutrition, and long-term side effect management. 92% of women appreciated the electronic “living document” that can be easily updated at subsequent visits. Conclusions: Presenting SCPs to patients is an essential component of high-quality cancer care. PWP’s online platform facilitates the development and delivery of SCPs by organizing and storing on-going patient data to make future SCP updates easy and efficient. Our patient satisfaction survey results underscore the value of SCPs, particularly for follow-up management and communications with primary care doctors.
Abstract 15218: Injectable Hybrid Nanoengineered Polymer for Cardiac Tissue Engineering
Authors: Brisa Pena, Valentina Martinelli, Susanna Bosi, Mark Jeong, Matthew R Taylor, Maurizio Prato, Carlin S Long, Maria Cavasin, Robin Shandas, Daewon Park, Luisa Mestroni
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction:  Heart failure (HF) is a morbid disorder characterized by progressive cardiomyocyte (CM) dysfunction and death. The current treatments are limited and new therapeutic approaches are still needed. Cardiomyocyte (CM) growing in rigid carbon nanotube (CNT) substrates demonstrated improvement in viability, proliferation, and maturation. However, rigid-scaffolds require invasive surgeries for implantation and thus less invasive approaches are required. To this end, we developed an injectable CNT Reverse Thermal Gel (CNT-RTG) specifically engineered to support long-term CM survival. We  hypothesize  that the injectable CNT-RTG will enhance CM viability and optimize CM delivery for further cell transplantation.   Methods and results:  Two different 3D polymeric systems were tested, RTG and CNT-RTG, to evaluate their effect on the long-term survival, proliferation and intracellular communication of Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocytes (NRVM). 2D gelatin-coated dishes were used as controls. Our results demonstrate excellent NRVM viability in both polymeric systems for up to 21 days. Moreover, we found that both 3D-polymeric systems stimulated NRVM to form heart-like functional syncytia. A significant increase in NRVMs proliferation on the RTG-CNT system was observed when compared with the gelatin controls (P= 0.02) and the RTG (P= 0.02). Additionally, the amount of Cx-43 and relative gap-junction were significantly higher on the CNT-RTG compared with control (Fig.1). Furthermore, a biocompatibility test of CNT-RTG was performed in mice. Briefly, a left thoracotomy was made and 30 μl of either polymeric solution or saline were injected into the LV free wall through a 31G needle. Compared with saline injections, the CNT-RTG was well tolerated and highly biocompatible with the heart tissue.   Conclusions:  Our CNT-RTG demonstrated potential to be used as a minimally invasive approach for effective cardiac regeneration and repair.
Shortcomings of Research Regarding Long-term Acute Care Hospitals and Skilled Nursing Facilities—Reply
Authors: Anil N. Makam, Oanh Kieu Nguyen, Ethan A. Halm
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Reduction of myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury by inactivating oxidized phospholipids
Authors: Calvin Yeang, Devin Hasanally, Xuchu Que, Ming-Yow Hung, Aleksandra Stamenkovic, David Chan, Rakesh Chaudhary, Victoria Margulets, Andrea L Edel, Masahiko Hoshijima, Yusu Gu, William Bradford, Nancy Dalton, Phuong Miu, David Yc Cheung, Davinder S Jassal, Grant N Pierce, Kirk L Peterson, Lorrie A Kirshenbaum, Joseph L Witztum, Sotirios Tsimikas, Amir Ravandi
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)

Myocardial ischaemia followed by reperfusion (IR) causes an oxidative burst resulting in cellular dysfunction. Little is known about the impact of oxidative stress on cardiomyocyte lipids and their role in cardiac cell death. Our goal was to identify oxidized phosphatidylcholine-containing phospholipids (OxPL) generated during IR, and to determine their impact on cell viability and myocardial infarct size.