tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A US Registry–Based Assessment of Use and Impact of Chemotherapy in Stage I HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Benjamin M. Parsons, Dipesh Uprety, Angela L. Smith, Andrew J. Borgert, Leah L. Dietrich
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2018)

Background: Despite the paucity of evidence supporting chemotherapy in the treatment of node-negative, HER2-positive breast cancer measuring <2 cm, use of trastuzumab-based chemotherapy has increased over the past decade. Therefore, we used the National Cancer Database to evaluate the use and impact of chemotherapy on survival in this population. Methods: We identified female patients aged 18 to 70 years with node-negative, HER2-positive breast cancer measuring <2 cm. A propensity-matched cohort model was used to control for risk factors known to influence survival. Primary end points assessed were receipt of chemotherapy and overall survival (OS). Results: In our propensity-matched cohort model (n=8,222), adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) was associated with a lower 5-year OS rate in T1mi breast cancer (n=626; 89.1% [95% CI, 81.8%–93.5%] vs 99.1% [96.6%–99.8%]), no significant effect in T1a disease (n=2,901; 95.4% [93.2%–96.9%] vs 96.9% [94.1%–98.3%]), and improved 5-year OS in T1b (n=2,340; 97.1% [95.1%–98.4%] vs 92.3% [88.5%–94.9%]) and T1c tumors (n=2,355; 95.9% [93.5%–97.5%] vs 91.5% [88.4%–93.9%]). In the entire cohort of 21,148 patients who met the inclusion criteria, ACT was associated with lower 5-year OS in T1mi (89.6% [83.7%–93.4%] vs 98.1% [96.6%–98.9%]) and T1a tumors (94.9% [92.9%–96.3%] vs 96.5% [94.6%–97.7%]), and improved 5-year OS in T1b (96.8% [95.6%–97.7%] vs 92.3% [88.7%–94.8%]) and T1c tumors (95.8% [94.9%–96.5%] vs 91.6% [88.5%–93.9%]). Increased use of ACT was observed over the study period. From 2010 to 2013, annual treatment rates were 71.5%, 72.4%, 73.3%, and 74.4%, respectively (trend test, P<.0001). Conclusions: Our data support the use of ACT for HER2-positive, node-negative T1b and T1c breast cancer, whereas no benefit was observed for ACT in T1mi and T1a HER2-positive, node-negative breast cancer. Although use of ACT is increasing in node-negative, HER2-positive breast cancer <2 cm, our findings caution against its use in the smallest of these tumors (T1mi and T1a) due to lack of survival benefit.
Cryosurgery combined with topical interventions for actinic keratosis: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: M.V. Heppt, T. Steeb, T. Ruzicka, C. Berking
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Background Actinic keratoses (AKs) are early in situ carcinomas of the skin caused by cumulative sun exposure. Cryosurgery is an easy and practicable lesion-directed approach for treatment of isolated lesions. Objectives To investigate whether an upfront combination of cryosurgery with a topical intervention is superior to cryosurgery alone for treatment of AK. Methods We performed a systematic literature search in MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL and hand searched pertinent trial registers for eligible randomized controlled trials until 17 July 2018. Results from individual studies were pooled using a random effects model. The risk of bias was estimated with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the quality of evidence of the outcomes with the GRADE approach. Results Out of 1758 records initially identified, nine studies with a total sample size of 1644 patients were included. Cryosurgery in combination with a topical approach showed significantly higher participant complete clearance rates than monotherapy [risk ratio (RR) 1·74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·25–2·43, I2 = 73%, eight studies]. The participant partial clearance rate was not statistically different (RR 1·64, 95% CI 0·88–3·03, I2 = 77%, three studies). The number of patients who completed the study protocol and did not withdraw due to adverse events was equal in both groups (RR 0·98, 95% CI 0·95–1·01, I2 = 75%, seven studies). The studies were estimated to have high risk for selective reporting bias. Conclusions Our results suggest the superiority of a combination regimen for AK clearance, with equal tolerability. This study highlights the importance of a field-directed approach in patients with multiple AKs or field cancerization.
Fetal-Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia (FNAIT): Guidance to Reduce the Risk of Intracranial Bleeding
Authors: Lani Lieberman, Andreas Greinacher, Michael F. Murphy, Tamam Bakchoul, Stacy Corke, Susano Tanael, Mette Kjaer, Jens Kjeldsen-Kragh, Gerald Bertrand, Dick Oepkes, Jillian M Baker, Heather Hume, Edwin Massey, James B. Bussel, Cécile Kaplan, Donald M. Arnold, Shoma Baidya, Greg Ryan, Helen Savoia, Denise Landry, Nadine Shehata
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract 16615: Left Atrial (LA) Wall Motion Velocity Distribution Evaluated by 5-Dimensional Computed Tomography (5D-CT) and Its Relationship With LA Wall Remodeling in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Yuko Utanohara, Nobuo Iguchi, Kouhei Tanizaki, Jyun Umemura, Tetsuya Sumiyoshi, Hitonobu Tomoike
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Atrial remodeling provides a substrate for atrial fibrillation (AF) and has been shown to stratify prognosis. Wall stretch analysis of left atrium (LA) is considered a valuable method t...
Abstract 20420: The Effect of High Intensity Aerobic Exercise Training over Two Years on Biologic Aortic Age
Authors: Wally A Omar, Satyam Sarma, Erin Howden, Mitchel Samels, Braden Everding, Sheryl Livingston, Dean Palmer, Benjamin Levine
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Lifelong exercise training maintains youthful compliance of the central arteries. The exact mechanism by which lifelong aerobic fitness confers cardiovascular benefit is unknown. Aort...
Screening and Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Reduce Unhealthy Alcohol Use in Adolescents and Adults
Authors: Susan J. Curry, Alex H. Krist, Douglas K. Owens, Michael J. Barry, Aaron B. Caughey, Karina W. Davidson, Chyke A. Doubeni, John W. Epling, Alex R. Kemper, Martha Kubik, C. Seth Landefeld, Carol M. Mangione, Michael Silverstein, Melissa A. Simon, Chien-Wen Tseng, John B. Wong
Journal: JAMA (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> Excessive alcohol use is one of the most common causes of premature mortality in the United States. From 2006 to 2010, an estimated 88 000 alcohol-attributable deaths occurred annually in the United States, caused by both acute conditions (eg, injuries from motor vehicle collisions) and chronic conditions (eg, alcoholic liver disease). Alcohol use during pregnancy is also one of the major preventable causes of birth defects and developmental disabilities. <h3>Objective</h3> To update the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2013 recommendation on screening for unhealthy alcohol use in primary care settings. <h3>Evidence Review</h3> The USPSTF commissioned a review of the evidence on the effectiveness of screening to reduce unhealthy alcohol use (defined as a spectrum of behaviors, from risky drinking to alcohol use disorder, that result in increased risk for health consequences) morbidity, mortality, or risky behaviors and to improve health, social, or legal outcomes; the accuracy of various screening approaches; the effectiveness of counseling interventions to reduce unhealthy alcohol use, morbidity, mortality, or risky behaviors and to improve health, social, or legal outcomes; and the harms of screening and behavioral counseling interventions. <h3>Findings</h3> The net benefit of screening and brief behavioral counseling interventions for unhealthy alcohol use in adults, including pregnant women, is moderate. The evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening and brief behavioral counseling interventions for unhealthy alcohol use in adolescents. <h3>Conclusions and Recommendation</h3> The USPSTF recommends screening for unhealthy alcohol use in primary care settings in adults 18 years or older, including pregnant women, and providing persons engaged in risky or hazardous drinking with brief behavioral counseling interventions to reduce unhealthy alcohol use. (B recommendation) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening and brief behavioral counseling interventions for alcohol use in primary care settings in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. (I statement)
Abstract 18540: Cryoballoon Use: Do Persistents benefit?
Authors: Deepak Padmanabhan, Paul M Chacko, Danesh M Kella, Chahal M Anwar, Kristi Monahan, Douglas M Packer
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Use of cryoballoon (CB) technology for ablation of atrial fibrillation has been well established. However randomized controlled trials do not include all comers and represent a selected population. Hypotheses: We aimed to review the experience with CB at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota in a cohort having 39% persistent AF. Methods: We reviewed prospective collected data on patients who underwent ablation for AF with CB between 2012-2016. 193 patients (66.3% male, 55.8% age   45mm in 40 patients (23.6%). Acute success rates were 98.4% with mean length of hospital stay being 1.5 ± 1.8 days.At last follow up (22.3 ± 19.3 mo...
David Oliver: Will robotic automation solve social care?
Authors: David Oliver
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Ara Darzi, surgeon and former health minister, has this year called for “full automation” of “repetitive tasks” in health and care services.

In June the magazine National Health Executive quoted Darzi as saying that the NHS could free up £12.5bn worth of staff time by investing in a “far reaching programme of automation.”1 What further piqued my interest was the reported claim that a “further £6bn productivity gain” could be achieved in social care through automation.

Where had Darzi’s quoted figures come from? The Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR)—which describes itself as “the UK’s leading progressive think tank”—published media releases about its report Better Health and Care for All: A 10 point plan for the 2020 s, …
Early results of pegvorhyaluronidase alfa (PEGPH20; PVHA) + pembrolizumab therapy in patients (Pts) with relapsed/refractory gastric/gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma
Authors: R.D. Harvey, A. Murphy, E. Kim, M.A. Tejani, W. Wu, E.L. Pham, M. Muhsin
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Pathogenesis of Hepatitis B Virus Associated Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Mark A. Feitelson
Journal: Liver Cancer (2018)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with chronic liver diseases (CLD), which progress from hepatitis to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and finally hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) over 30–50 years. The pathogenesis of CLD is immune mediated, which is characterized by persistent immune responses against virus infected hepatocytes. During bouts of CLD, the virus gene encoding the hepatitis B x antigen (HBx) is increasingly found integrated at multiple sites within the human genome. Many of these integrated templates express HBx, which is a trans-regulatory protein that supports virus gene expression and replication on one hand, but also alters patterns of gene expression in the infected cell. HBx alters gene expression by constitutively activating signal transduction pathways in the cytoplasm and promoting epigenetic mediated changes in the expression of cellular genes. In doing so, HBx contributes to the persistence of virus infected cells and to the pathogenesis of CLD by triggering multiple hallmarks which are characteristic of cancer.
Genistein inhibits glucose uptake and induces autophagy in ovarian cancer cells.
Authors: William Burke, Gabrielle Gossner, Angela Kueck, Milheon Choi, J. Rebecca Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

455  Objectives: Genistein, a naturally occurring isoflavenoid abundant in soy products, has anti-neoplastic activity in multiple tumor types in vitro. There are several mechanisms reported for genistein’s anti-neoplastic activity, including inhibition of tyrosine kinase activation, and induction of apoptosis. Constitutive activation of the tyrosine kinase Akt contributes towards inhibition of apoptosis and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. Activation of Akt has also been shown to enhance aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to determine if genistein is cytotoxic to ovarian cancer cells, and if this occurs through inhibition of Akt activation and glucose uptake. Methods: Eight ovarian cancer cell lines were incubated with media containing glucose, genistein, or 2-deoxyglucose (2-DOG) in the presence or absence of zVAD (a generalized caspase inhibitor). Growth inhibition was determined using the sulforhodamine assay. Viability and apoptotic fraction were determined by propidium iodide permeability and sub Go analysis respectively. Caspase and Akt activation were determined by immunoblotting. Glucose uptake was analyzed with the 3H-2-DOG assay. Morphology was determined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Autophagic vacuoles were visualized using monodansylcadaverine staining. Results: Genistein induced cell death in all eight ovarian cancer cell lines tested. Although genistein induced cell death in 50% of cells by 24 h, only 20% of cell death could be attributed to apoptosis as determined by PI permeability and SubGo analysis. Moreover, genistein induced cell death in the presence or absence of zVAD. Caspase-9 activation was seen following 48 h of treatment. Genistein treatment resulted in inhibition of glucose uptake and inhibition of Akt activation by 8 hours of treatment. Morphology was consistent with autophagic cell death. Conclusions: Constitutive activation of Akt confers resistance to chemotherapy induced apoptosis, and enhances aerobic glycolysis in ovarian cancer cells. We have shown that genistein inhibits Akt activation and glycolysis, and can induce both apoptotic and autophagic cell death in ovarian cancer cells. Most conventional chemotherapeutic agents induce apoptotic cell death. Because genistein can circumvent chemoresistance due to alterations in apoptotic signaling, it has the potential to be effective against chemoresistant disease.
Abstract 16606: The Impact of Learning Curve on Success and Adverse Events After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A PARTNER Substudy
Authors: Ron Waksman, Sa’ar Minha, Oluseun O Alli, Rebecca Torguson, Augusto D Pichard, Charanjit S Rihal, Michael Mack, Lars Svensson, Jeevanantham Rajeswaran, Ashley Lowry, Eugene H Blackstone, Murat E Tuzcu, Vinod Thourani, Rajendra Makkar, Martin B Leon, David R Holmes
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is an established therapy for severe aortic stenosis in specific patient subsets. Procedural success and adverse events are dependent upo...
Paclitaxel with or without trametinib or pazopanib in advanced wild-type BRAF melanoma (PACMEL): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled phase II trial
Authors: V. Urbonas, D. Schadendorf, L. Zimmer, S. Danson, E. Marshall, P. Corrie, M. Wheater, E. Plummer, C. Mauch, C. Scudder, M. Goff, S.B. Love, S.B. Mohammed, M.R. Middleton
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Advanced melanoma treatments often rely on immunotherapy or targeting mutations, with few treatment options for wild-type BRAF (BRAF-wt) melanoma. However, the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway is activated in most melanoma, including BRAF-wt. We assessed whether inhibiting this pathway by adding kinase inhibitors trametinib or pazopanib to paclitaxel chemotherapy improved outcomes in patients with advanced BRAF-wt melanoma in a phase II, randomised and open-label trial.
Detecting a Survival Benefit to Dose Escalation—Reply
Authors: James J. Dignam, Kathryn A. Winter, Jeff Michalski
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
First CAR to Pass the Road Test: Tisagenlecleucel's Drive to FDA Approval
Authors: Mark B. Geyer
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

In August 2017, the FDA took historic action in granting the first approval of gene therapy to tisagenlecleucel. This landmark step brought CAR T-cell therapy to the commercial space and heralded a new era in managing refractory B-cell malignancies and FDA oversight of gene-modified therapies.See related article by O'Leary et al., p. 1142.
Preparedness for clinical research during pandemics: a perspective from the Platform for European Preparedness Against (Re-)emerging Epidemics (PREPARE)
Authors: Nina Gobat, Frank van Someren Gréve, Louise Sigfrid, Chantal B Reusken, Frank Deege, Gail Carson, Peter Horby, Marion Koopmans, Menno D de Jong, Herman Goossens
Journal: The Lancet (2018)
Mitochondrial targeting nanodrugs self-assembled from 9-O-octadecyl substituted berberine derivative for cancer treatment by inducing mitochondrial apoptosis pathways
Authors: Jia Song, Chuchu Lin, Xuan Yang, Yanqi Xie, Ping Hu, Huatian Li, Wenbo Zhu, Haiyan Hu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2018)
Take It with a Grain of Salt
Authors: Neelam Phadke, Jasmin Lebastchi, Matthew Torre, Ian Dunn, Anand Vaidya
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

A 56-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a 1-week history of frontotemporal headaches and nausea. She also noted mild upper respiratory symptoms and cough, which she had treated with codeine. When her headaches had progressed to what she described as “the worst pain in her life” and she began to vomit, she decided to go to the emergency department. . . .
Breakthrough Therapy Designation for New Drugs
Authors: Edward J. Benz
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Safety and efficacy of trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) plus bevacizumab in clinical practice for patients with refractory metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: D. Kotani, Y. Kuboki, K. Yasuda, Y. Nakamura, A. Kawazoe, H. Bando, H. Taniguchi, K. Shitara, T. Yoshino
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Rapid MRD-Negative Responses in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory CLL Treated with Liso-Cel, a CD19-Directed CAR T-Cell Product: Preliminary Results from Transcend CLL 004, a Phase 1/2 Study Including Patients with High-Risk Disease Previously Treated with Ibrutinib
Authors: Tanya Siddiqi, Jacob D. Soumerai, William G. Wierda, Jason A. Dubovsky, Heidi H. Gillenwater, Lucy Gong, Alan Mitchell, Jerill Thorpe, Lin Yang, Kathleen A. Dorritie
Journal: Blood (2018)
Biomechanics of the human lens and accommodative system: Functional relevance to physiological states
Authors: Kehao Wang, Barbara K. Pierscionek
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2018)

The ability of the human lens to accommodate is mediated by the ciliary muscle and zonule; the manifest optical power changes depend on the shape and material properties of the lens. The latter are difficult to measure with accuracy and, given the dynamic aspects of accommodation and the ageing of cells and tissues, the biomechanics of the lens is neither fixed nor constant. A range of techniques have been developed to measure both ageing trends and spatial variations in the mechanical properties and these have yielded a diverse array of findings and respective conclusions. The majority of quasi-static measurements, where the observation time is in minutes or hours, indicate that the stiffness of the lens increases with age at a faster rate in the lens centre than in the periphery. Dynamic measurements show that lens material properties are dependent on the loading frequency. Recent in vivo analyses suggest that, along the optic axis, profiles of elastic moduli are very similar to profiles of refractive index. This review assesses the advantages and limitations of different measurement techniques and consequent variations in elastic moduli that have been found. Consideration is given to the role of computational modelling and the various modelling methods that have been applied. The changes in mechanical properties of the lens associated with ageing and pathology and future implications for implant design are discussed.