tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 11999: Akt1-Mediated Fast/Glycolytic Skeletal Muscle Growth Reduces Pathological Renal Damages in Experimental Kidney Disease
Authors: Yasuhiro Izumiya, Shinsuke Hanatani, Satoshi Araki, Taku Rokutanda, Yuichi Kimura, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction:  Muscle wasting is frequently observed in patients with chronic kidney disease, and low muscle strength is associated with poor outcomes in these patients. Whereas, little is known about the clinical utility of increasing in skeletal muscle mass on kidney diseases.   Hypothesis:  Skeletal muscle growth attenuates pathological renal damages after mouse model of kidney diseases.   Methods:  We utilized skeletal muscle-specific, inducible Akt1 transgenic (Akt1 TG) mice, that can lead to the growth of functional skeletal muscle. Seven days after Akt1 activation in skeletal muscle, renal injury was induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in Akt1 TG and wild type (WT) control mice. Renal damages were evaluated by histological and gene expression analysis at 3, 7, and 14 days after UUO.   Results:  Activation of Akt1 signaling in myofibers led to an increase in skeletal muscle mass, assessed by gastrocnemius muscle weight at 7 days after surgery (171.8 vs. 256.7 mg; p≤0.001). Atrogin-1, atrophy-related gene, expression in skeletal muscle was robustly upregulated 7 days after UUO in WT mice but not in Akt1 TG mice, suggesting that muscle atrophy program was blocked by myogenic Akt1 activation. Masson’s trichrome and PAS stained histological sections revealed that renal interstitial fibrosis and tubular injury was dramatically increased by UUO in WT mice, but these changes were diminished in Akt1 TG mice. UUO-induced increase in inflammatory-related genes and adhesion molecule genes expression were significantly decreased in Akt1 TG mice compared to WT mice. Akt1-mediated skeletal muscle growth also attenuated fibrosis-related genes expression. Attenuated renal damages by myogenic Akt1 activation were accompanied by increasing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation in kidney tissue. The protective effect of skeletal muscle Akt activation on obstructive kidney was abolished by treatment with the NOS inhibitor L-NAME.   Conclusions:  Akt1-mediated skeletal muscle growth reduces renal interstitial fibrosis and inflammation after UUO. This improvement appears to be mediated by eNOS-signaling in the kidney. Our data suggest clinical utility of exercise lead to a skeletal muscle growth in patients with kidney diseases.
A systematic review of how patients value COPD outcomes
Authors: Yuan Zhang, Rebecca L. Morgan, Pablo Alonso-Coello, Wojtek Wiercioch, Małgorzata M. Bała, Rafał R. Jaeschke, Krzysztof Styczeń, Hector Pardo-Hernandez, Anna Selva, Housne Ara Begum, Gian Paolo Morgano, Marcin Waligóra, Arnav Agarwal, Matthew Ventresca, Karolina Strzebońska, Mateusz T. Wasylewski, Lídia Blanco-Silvente, Janna-Lina Kerth, Mengxiao Wang, Yuqing Zhang, Saiprasad Narsingam, Yutong Fei, Gordon Guyatt, Holger J. Schünemann
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

Our objective was to summarise systematically all research evidence related to how patients value outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We conducted a systematic review (systematic review registration number CRD42015015206) by searching PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo and CINAHL, and included reports that assessed the relative importance of outcomes from COPD patients' perspective. Two authors independently determined the eligibility of studies, abstracted the eligible studies and assessed risk of bias. We narratively summarised eligible studies, meta-analysed utilities for individual outcomes and assessed the certainty of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations approach. We included 217 quantitative studies. Investigators most commonly used utility measurements of outcomes (n=136), discrete choice exercises (n=13), probability trade-off (n=4) and forced choice techniques (n=46). Patients rated adverse events as important but on average, less so than symptom relief. Exacerbation and hospitalisation due to exacerbation are the outcomes that COPD patients rate as most important. This systematic review provides a comprehensive registry of related studies.
Characteristics of Physician Empathetic Statements During Pediatric Intensive Care Conferences With Family Members
Authors: Tessie W. October, Zoelle B. Dizon, Robert M. Arnold, Abby R. Rosenberg
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> Pediatric intensive care unit care conferences often involve high-stakes decisions regarding critically ill children, resulting in strong family emotions. Families often report the need for physician empathy. <h3>Objective</h3> To evaluate the characteristics of physician empathetic statements during pediatric intensive care unit care conferences. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> In this single-center, cross-sectional, qualitative phenomenology study, 68 transcripts of audio-recorded care conferences were analyzed from an urban, quaternary medical center from January 3, 2013, to January 5, 2017. Thirty physicians and 179 family members of 68 children participated in care conferences. Data analysis was conducted from June 5, 2017, to October 12, 2017. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted to code physician empathetic statements and family's responses to these statements. Empathetic statements were classified using the previously published NURSE pneumonic (naming, understanding, respecting, supporting, exploring) and coded as unburied (statement followed by a pause allowing the family time to respond) or buried (empathetic statement encased in medical talk or terminated with a closed-ended statement). Family responses were categorized into 3 themes: alliance (emotion continued), cognitive (medical talk), or none. Missed opportunities for physicians to respond with empathy were identified. <h3>Results</h3> Thirty physicians participated, of whom 13 (43%) were male, 24 (80%) were white, 24 (80%) had more than 5 years of practice, 10 (33%) specialized in critical care, and 7 (23%) specialized in hematology/oncology. Within 68 care conferences, physicians recognized families' emotional cues 74% of the time, making 364 empathetic statements. Of these statements, 224 (61.5%) were unburied and 140 (38.5%) were buried. Buried statements were most commonly followed by medical talk (133 [95.0%]). Unburied empathetic statements were associated with alliance responses from the family 71.4% of the time compared with 12.1% of the time when the statement was buried (odds ratio, 18; 95% CI, 10.1-32.4;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). Physicians missed an opportunity to address emotion 26% of the time, with at least 1 missed opportunity occurring in 53 conferences (78%). Physicians attended to all family emotions in only 5 conferences (7%). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this analysis, physicians responded with empathy frequently, but responses were buried within other pieces of medical data or missed entirely in nearly one-third of conferences. When physicians responded using unburied empathetic statements and allowed time for family members to respond, they were more likely to learn important information about the family's fears, values, and motivations.
Prenatal Screening Vouchers
Authors: R J Lilford, J G Thornton
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (1996)

Prenatal screening for congenital disease is controversial. Although it increases choice and may reduce the prevalence of handicap, people are ambivalent about abortion, and the benefits may not always outweigh the side effectsl. Although it may provide reassurance and let people prepare for bad news, screening also causes miscarriage and anxiety, and medicalizes pregnancy2'3. It is difficult for doctors to advise parents. Any screening offer carries some official sanction, the provision of some programmes but not others implies a value judgment by doctors, and current observation suggests that the intent of much state sponsored screening is eugenic rather than choice maximizing4. We should help parents decide without prejudgment, but parents cannot consider the opportunity costs of programmes already funded from taxation. We suggest using the price signals of the market, or vouchers, to let parents perform realistic cost/benefit analyses.
DO ADMINISTRATION OF PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR BEFORE MEAL IMPROVE ERADICATION RATE OF FIRST LINE TRIPLE THERAPY FOR HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION?
Authors: YJ Lim, SJ Lee, JH Lee, CH Yang
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Recent Korean meta-analysis studies showed that Helicobacter pylori eradication rate of clarithromycin based triple therapy has been declined over the past few decades and seems to be not acceptable as first line eradication regimen. We still used triple therapy as first line eradication regimen in spites of concern of high clarithromycin resistance in Korea. Compliance and acid suppression are also important factors for eradication rate. This study had been conducted to know whether regular administration of Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI) 30 minutes before meal can improve the eradication rate.
SMAD4 Prevents Flow Induced Arteriovenous Malformations by Inhibiting Casein Kinase 2
Authors: Roxana Ola, Sandrine H. Künzel, Feng Zhang, Gael Genet, Raja Chakraborty, Laurence Pibouin-Fragner, Kathleen Martin, William Sessa, Alexandre Dubrac, Anne Eichmann
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an inherited vascular disorder that causes arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Mutations in the genes encoding Endoglin ( ENG ) and activin-receptor-like kinase 1 ( AVCRL1 encoding ALK1) cause HHT type 1 and 2, respectively. Mutations in the SMAD4 gene are present in families with juvenile polyposis-HHT syndrome that involves AVMs. SMAD4 is a downstream effector of transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ)/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family ligands that signal via activin-like kinase receptors (ALKs). Ligand-neutralizing antibodies or inducible, endothelial-specific Alk1 deletion induce AVMs in mouse models as a result of increased PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase)/AKT (protein kinase B) signaling. Here we addressed if SMAD4 was required for BMP9-ALK1 effects on PI3K/AKT pathway activation. Methods: The authors generated tamoxifen-inducible, postnatal, endothelial-specific Smad4 mutant mice ( Smad4 iΔEC ). Results: We found that loss of endothelial Smad4 resulted in AVM formation and lethality. AVMs formed in regions with high blood flow in developing retinas and other tissues. Mechanistically, BMP9 signaling antagonized flow-induced AKT activation in an ALK1- and SMAD4-dependent manner. Smad4 iΔEC endothelial cells in AVMs displayed increased PI3K/AKT signaling, and pharmacological PI3K inhibitors or endothelial Akt1 deletion both rescued AVM formation in Smad4 iΔEC mice. BMP9-induced SMAD4 inhibited casein kinase 2 ( CK2 ) transcription, in turn limiting PTEN phosphorylation and AKT activation. Consequently, CK2 inhibition prevented AVM formation in Smad4 iΔEC mice. Conclusions: Our study reveals SMAD4 as an essential effector of BMP9-10/ALK1 signaling that affects AVM pathogenesis via regulation of CK2 expression and PI3K/AKT1 activation.
Reading Mendelian randomisation studies: a guide, glossary, and checklist for clinicians
Authors: Neil M Davies, Michael V Holmes, George Davey Smith
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Mendelian randomisation uses genetic variation as a natural experiment to investigate the causal relations between potentially modifiable risk factors and health outcomes in observational data. As with all epidemiological approaches, findings from Mendelian randomisation studies depend on specific assumptions. We provide explanations of the information typically reported in Mendelian randomisation studies that can be used to assess the plausibility of these assumptions and guidance on how to interpret findings from Mendelian randomisation studies in the context of other sources of evidence
Bi-allelic Loss of CDKN2A Initiates Melanoma Invasion via BRN2 Activation
Authors: Hanlin Zeng, Aparna Jorapur, A. Hunter Shain, Ursula E. Lang, Rodrigo Torres, Yuntian Zhang, Andrew S. McNeal, Thomas Botton, Jue Lin, Matthew Donne, Ingmar N. Bastian, Richard Yu, Jeffrey P. North, Laura Pincus, Beth S. Ruben, Nancy M. Joseph, Iwei Yeh, Boris C. Bastian, Robert L. Judson
Journal: Cancer Cell (2018)
Abstract 15690: Longitudinal in vivo Assessment of Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Therapy for Ischemia-Mediated Neovascularization
Authors: Sui Ching G Yuen, Zoe Clayton, Ashanti Dantanarayana, Laura Lecce, Louise L Dunn, Martin K Ng
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background:  There is strong interest in bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) for therapeutic enhancement of ischemia-mediated neovascularization. However, clinical trials to date have yielded contradictory results. We hypothesize that varying cell number and delivery routes may contribute to these inconsistencies. Using bioluminescent imaging we longitudinally evaluate the effects of cell number and delivery route on therapeutic efficacy, homing, survival and engraftment of BM-MNCs in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia.   Methods and Results:  The contribution of BM-MNCs in ischemia-mediated neovascularization was assessed via intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) transplantation of BM-MNCs (2x10 5 /1x10 6 ) that were extracted from the bone marrow of transgenic FVB-L2G mice (ubiquitously expressing  Fluc  and  GFP  reporter genes) and injected into syngeneic FVB/N mice after surgery (n=5-6/group). Recovery was monitored with Laser Doppler Perfusion Imaging. IM treatments of 1x10 6  cells increased reperfusion compared to controls with p v  0.25±0.04) and 7 (0.88±0.07  v  0.57±0.13). Similarly, IV treatments of 1x10 6  cells increased reperfusion on Days 7 (p v  0.54±0.09) and 14 (p v  0.73±0.09). The 1x10 6  IM treatments when compared to IV were superior for accelerating reperfusion (Day 4, p v  0.26±0.02). Bioluminescent imaging after tail-vein IV showed aggregation of cells in the lungs and spleen prior to dispersion, with peak homing to ischaemic sites on Day 14 (p v  control) before trending back towards baseline. At 6 weeks, anti- GFP  staining in tissue showed some cell engraftment colocalizing with CD31+ stains. Injections of 2x10 5  cells showed no increased recovery.   Conclusion:  Both delivery routes of 1x10 6  BM-MNCs improved recovery and showed engraftment at vasculature. Despite IV injections homing to ischemic sites, IM delivery had greater therapeutic effect.
COLON CAPSULE VERSUS CT COLONOGRAPHY FOR COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING IN PATIENTS WITH POSITIVE FOBT WHO REFUSED COLONOSCOPY: A RANDOMIZED TRIAL
Authors: M Pioche, C Ganne, J Rivory, P Soler-Michel, T Ponchon
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Around 10% of patients with a positive guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) will never undergo the recommended colonoscopy. Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) and CT colonography (CTC) are two alternatives to explore the colon for adenoma detection. Aim of this study was to compare the participation and the outcomes of CCE and CTC when proposed to patients with positive gFOBT who never underwent the recommended colonoscopy.
GALLBLADDER COMPLICATIONS OF FULLY COVERED SELF-EXPANDING METAL STENTS FOR MALIGNANT BILIARY STRICTURES IN A UK TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: KS Kok, A Jahanshad, S Mogan
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

To evaluate cholecystitis and other related complications post-procedure in patients who have a fully covered self-expanding metal stent (fcSEMS) inserted for malignant biliary strictures at ERCP.
Effects of High Blood Pressure on Cardiovascular Disease Events Among Chinese Adults With Different Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Jingyan Tian, Chang-Sheng Sheng, Weihong Sun, Xiaomin Song, Haiyan Wang, Qifang Li, Wenyi Li, Weiqing Wang
Journal: Diabetes Care (2018)

OBJECTIVE To investigate cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks caused by blood pressure (BP) of 130–139/80–89 mmHg among Chinese adults with different glucose metabolism. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A prospective population-based cohort of 2,132 adults in Shanghai was established in 2002, and CVD information was collected during 10.9 years of follow-up. After assessing the association between BP categories and incident CVD, we analyzed the risk for CVD by blood glucose categories and BP categories combined by using multiple Cox regression analysis among 1,419 participants at follow-up. RESULTS The corresponding incidence of CVD per 1,000 person-years for the BP &amp;lt;130/80 mmHg, 130–139/80–89 mmHg, and ≥140/90 mmHg or treated groups were 3.0, 6.0, and 13.9, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, and other factors, BP ≥140/90 mmHg was significantly associated with a higher CVD risk in general (hazard ratio 2.68 [95% CI 1.36–5.25]) and in various blood glucose categories (normoglycemia 2.59, prediabetes 3.03, diabetes mellitus [DM] 4.98). However, BP of 130–139/80–89 mmHg was significantly associated with a higher CVD risk in an estimated baseline 10-year atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk ≥10% (3.82 [1.42–9.78]) or DM (3.54 [1.05–11.88]) but not in the general population or for a baseline 10-year ASCVD risk &amp;lt;10%, normoglycemia, or prediabetes. CONCLUSIONS BP of 130–139/80–89 mmHg may result in a significantly higher CVD risk in Chinese adults with an estimated 10-year ASCVD risk ≥10% or DM but not in those with normoglycemia or prediabetes.
Three-dimensional brain-like microenvironments facilitate the direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into therapeutic neurons
Authors: Yoonhee Jin, Jung Seung Lee, Jin Kim, Sungjin Min, Soohyun Wi, Ji Hea Yu, Gyeong-Eon Chang, Ann-Na Cho, Yeeun Choi, Da-Hee Ahn, Sung-Rae Cho, Eunji Cheong, Yun-Gon Kim, Hyong-Pyo Kim, Yonghwan Kim, Dong Seok Kim, Hyun Woo Kim, Zhejiu Quan, Hoon-Chul Kang, Seung-Woo Cho
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2018)
Estudio comparativo prospectivo multicéntrico aleatorizado del tratamiento endoscópico de las estenosis en la Enfermedad de Crohn: prótesis metálica autoexpandible vs. dilatación con balón (estudio PROTDILAT)
Authors: X Andújar Murcia, C Loras, JB Gornals, V Sanchiz, E Brullet, B Sicilia, A Naranjo, C Dueñas, F González-Huix, M Esteve Comas
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

La dilatación con balón (DEB) es el tratamiento endoscópico establecido para las estenosis cortas en la Enfermedad de Crohn (EC). Las prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles (PMA) se han utilizado para el tratamiento de estenosis refractarias con buenos resultados.
Associations between dietary scores with asthma symptoms and asthma control in adults
Authors: Roland M. Andrianasolo, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Moufidath Adjibade, Serge Hercberg, Pilar Galan, Raphaëlle Varraso
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

Associations between asthma and the nutritional quality of diet remain poorly understood. We investigated the associations between overall quality of diet evaluated by three dietary scores (the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010), the literature-based adherence score to Mediterranean diet (MEDI-LITE) and the modified Programme National Nutrition Santé Guideline Score (mPNNS-GS)) and the asthma symptom score and asthma control. In 2017, 34 766 participants from the NutriNet-Santé cohort answered a detailed respiratory questionnaire. Asthma was defined by the asthma symptom score (as the sum of five questions) and asthma control by the asthma control test (ACT). Roughly 25% of participants reported at least one asthma symptom and for the three dietary scores we observed a statistically significant negative association between a healthier diet and the asthma symptom score (for AHEI-2010, the adjusted OR was 0.79 (95% CI 0.75–0.84) for women and 0.67 (95% CI 0.60–0.75) for men). Among participants with asthma (n=2609) we also observed a negative association between a healthier diet and poorly controlled asthma. This was significant in men (OR 0.39 (95% CI 0.18–0.84) for the AHEI-2010) and borderline significant in women (OR 0.73 (95% CI 0.53–1.01) for the AHEI-2010; p=0.06 for trend). Healthier diet behaviours were associated with fewer asthma symptoms and greater asthma control.
Screening for infectious diseases in newly arrived migrants in Europe: the context matters
Authors: Takis Panagiotopoulos
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2018)

Preview this article: Screening for infectious diseases in newly arrived migrants in Europe: the context matters, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/23/28/eurosurv-23-28-1-1.gif
Response to: ‘Inconsistency between supplement and article?’ by Babaoglu H
Authors: Désirée van der Heijde, Natasha de Peyrecave, Tommi Nurminen
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

Reductions in MRI Inflammation in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis: Four-Year Imaging Outcomes from the RAPID-axSpA Phase 3 Randomised Trial.' 1 2 In his response, he refers to an apparent discrepancy between information in the main manuscript and supplemental material.He is correct in his statement that 196 patients had ≥1 modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Score (mSASSS) assessment (online supplementary table 2) whereas 190 had an mSASSS assessment at baseline (table 1 and online supplementary table 1); that is, six patients who had ≥1 mSASSS assessment did not have an assessment at baseline.These tables are correct.Of these six patients without baseline assessments, three had mSASSS assessments at both week 12 and week 204, and three had mSASSS assessments at both week 96 and week 204.For three of the six subjects without an available mSASSS assessment at baseline, radiographs and MRI were conducted at week 12.Since negligible or no changes in mSASSS are expected within 3 months, these data from week 12 were used in the mixed-model repeated measures (MMRM) analysis of mSASSS change and multiple imputation analysis of mSASSS progression (defined as a ≥2 point increase).In online supplementary table 2, which provides supporting information to these model-based analyses, we labelled these three patients as having available mSASSS assessments at baseline.However, these data were not used for any descriptive analyses involving baseline data.We acknowledge that the information currently provided is somewhat inconsistent and more details could have been given about these data, but the number of patients that were used for the various analyses is correct.
Endogenous IgG hypogammaglobulinaemia in critically ill adults with sepsis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Manu Shankar-Hari, Nicholas Culshaw, Benjamin Post, Eduardo Tamayo, David Andaluz-Ojeda, Jesús F. Bermejo-Martín, Sebastian Dietz, Karl Werdan, Richard Beale, Jo Spencer, Mervyn Singer
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2015)
Coronary Microvascular Reactivity to Adenosine Predicts Adverse Outcome in Women Evaluated for Suspected Ischemia
Authors: Carl J. Pepine, R. David Anderson, Barry L. Sharaf, Steven E. Reis, Karen M. Smith, Eileen M. Handberg, B. Delia Johnson, George Sopko, C. Noel Bairey Merz
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2010)
Author Correction: Transneuronal propagation of mutant huntingtin contributes to non–cell autonomous pathology in neurons
Authors: Eline Pecho-Vrieseling, Claus Rieker, Sascha Fuchs, Dorothee Bleckmann, Maria Soledad Esposito, Paolo Botta, Chris Goldstein, Mario Bernhard, Ivan Galimberti, Matthias Müller, Andreas Lüthi, Silvia Arber, Tewis Bouwmeester, Herman van der Putten, Francesco Paolo Di Giorgio
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2018)
Criterios de indicación de colonoscopia en el manejo de la hemorragia postpolipectomía
Authors: L Rivero Sánchez, L Llovet, C Berbel, O Ortiz, O Sendino, H Cordova, A Cárdenas, I Araujo, J Llach, M Pellisé
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

La hemorragia postpolipectomía (HPP) es una complicación frecuente. El protocolo de manejo clínico no está bien establecido.