tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 21216: Racial Differences for Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Parijat S Joy, Rajesh Kabra
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Catheter ablation procedures are utilized for rhythm control of atrial fibrillation (AF) but the utilization of this procedure based on race remains uncertain. Purpose: We investigated trends in admissions due to AF and utilization of AF ablation, based on race. Methods: The 2000-2013 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from Healthcare Utilization Project (HCUP) was analyzed for hospitalizations in patients with known history of AF based on ICD-9-CM codes. Observations with unknown or missing race were excluded. Results: 35,761,659 adults (mean age 75.9 ± 11.8) with known AF were hospitalized (49.0% males and 51.0% females). AF was the primary reason for admission in 4,158,058 (11.6%) patients that consisted of 86% whites, 7% Blacks, 5.3% Hispanics, 1.4% Asians and 0.3% Native Americans. Of these patients admitted primarily for AF, ablation procedures were performed in 96,250 (2.31%) patients. The proportion who underwent ablation during an admission for AF, was lowest among blacks (whites 2.46%; blacks 1.11%; Hispanics 1.5%, Asians 2.15% and Native Americans 3.25%). There is a rising trend of ablation procedures among patients admitted due to AF: 0.5% in the year 2000 to 2.82% in 2013 (p trend &lt; 0.001). The difference in the proportion of black vs. non-black patients having ablation has increased from 0.43% in the year 2000 to 1.42% in the year 2013. On multivariable analysis, adjusting for relevant patient-related factors, the likelihood of black patients being hospitalized primarily for AF was higher than non-blacks (OR: 1.04, p &lt; 0.001). However, adjusting for the same patient-related factors, the likelihood of black patients undergoing ablation, during admission for AF remained lower than non-blacks (OR: 0.51, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: For patients hospitalized due to AF, ablation of AF is being increasingly utilized. Black patients are more likely to get hospitalized due to AF but less likely to undergo ablation than non-black patients.
Gripenet: un sistema basado en Internet para un seguimiento uniforme del síndrome gripal en toda Europa
Authors: S P van Noort, M Muehlen, H Rebelo de Andrade, C Koppeschaar, J M Lima Lourenço, M Gm Gomes
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2007)

Gripenet ha venido controlando la actividad del sindrome gripal (ILI, Influenza-Like-Illness) con ayuda de voluntarios, a traves de Internet, en los Paises Bajos y en Belgica desde 2003 y en Portugal desde 2005.
Toward the elimination of hepatitis C in the United States
Authors: Sammy Saab, Long Le, Satvir Saggi, Vinay Sundaram, Myron J. Tong
Journal: Hepatology (2017)

The emergence of effective direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) agents has reignited discussion over the potential for hepatitis C elimination in the United States. Eliminating hepatitis C will require a critical examination of technical feasibility, economic considerations, and social/political attention. Tremendous advancement has been made with the availability of sensitive diagnostic tests and highly effective DAAs capable of achieving sustained viral response (SVR) in more than 95% of patients. Eliminating hepatitis C also requires escalating existing surveillance networks to monitor for new epidemics. All preventive interventions such as clean syringe and needle exchange programs, safe injection sites, opioid substitution therapies, and mental health services need to be expanded. Although costs of DAAs have raised budget concerns for hepatitis C elimination, studies have shown that eliminating hepatitis C will produce a savings of up to 6.5 billion USD annually along with other intangible benefits such as increased work productivity and quality of life. Economic models and meta‐analyses strongly suggest universal hepatitis C screening for all adults rather than just for birth cohort and high‐risk populations. Social and political factors are at least as important as technical feasibility and economic considerations. Due to lack of promotion and public awareness, HCV elimination efforts continue to receive inadequate funding. Social stigma continues to impede meaningful policy changes. Eliminating hepatitis C is an attainable public health goal that will require intense collaboration and sustained public support. (H epatology 2018;67:2449‐2459).
Maternal IgG immune complexes induce food allergen–specific tolerance in offspring
Authors: Asa Ohsaki, Nicholas Venturelli, Tess M. Buccigrosso, Stavroula K. Osganian, John Lee, Richard S. Blumberg, Michiko K. Oyoshi
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2017)

The role of maternal immune responses in tolerance induction is poorly understood. To study whether maternal allergen sensitization affects offspring susceptibility to food allergy, we epicutaneously sensitized female mice with ovalbumin (OVA) followed by epicutaneous sensitization and oral challenge of their offspring with OVA. Maternal OVA sensitization prevented food anaphylaxis, OVA-specific IgE production, and intestinal mast cell expansion in offspring. This protection was mediated by neonatal crystallizable fragment receptor (FcRn)–dependent transfer of maternal IgG and OVA immune complexes (IgG-IC) via breast milk and induction of allergen-specific regulatory T (T reg) cells in offspring. Breastfeeding by OVA-sensitized mothers or maternal supplementation with IgG-IC was sufficient to induce neonatal tolerance. FcRn-dependent antigen presentation by CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) in offspring was required for oral tolerance. Human breast milk containing OVA-IgG-IC induced tolerance in humanized FcRn mice. Collectively, we demonstrate that interactions of maternal IgG-IC and offspring FcRn are critical for induction of T reg cell responses and control of food-specific tolerance in neonates.
Evaluating the role of massage therapy on patient caregivers in a comprehensive community cancer center.
Authors: Abhinav Binod Chandra, Angelic Alvarez, Mary Sweigart, Kathleen M Turpin, Vivek Kumar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

25 Background: Cancer patients and their families undergo a lot of emotional and psychological turmoil during their cancer journey. Addressing cancer patient caregivers’ quality of life and stress is being recognized as equally important as more cancer patients receive treatment as outpatient and at home placing additional stressors on their home support system. Methods: We evaluated the role of massage therapy on the outcomes of cancer patient caregivers. Patient caregivers were evaluated prior to and after receiving massage therapy with the help of a distress screening tool. We looked at the type of massage they received. Patient caregivers were asked about their pain level, emotional comfort, physical comfort, fatigue level, and given the opportunity to express other comments before and after receiving the massage. Results: Between 08/01/2016 and 05/31/2017, 294 participants received massage therapy at the cancer center. Of these, 265 were patients and 29 were patient caregivers. We evaluated the outcome on patient caregivers. Massages were usually 60 minutes long and consisted of either a Swedish or Deep Tissue massage. Upon review, patient caregivers pain score dropped on average of 2 points. Patient caregivers also noted improvement in their emotional comfort, physical comfort and fatigue level. Most of the caregivers had positive comments regarding the intervention. Conclusions: We recognize that supporting cancer patient caregivers benefits the patients and the healthcare team. We were successfully able to document that by offering massage therapy to patient caregivers improve their pain score, emotional comfort, physical comfort and fatigue level. Successfully implementing this service at the cancer center was welcomed by patients, caregivers and providers and led to positive outcomes. Hopefully, further studies are focused on patient caregivers’ outcomes and their impact.
The advance directive completion rates in the hematopoietic stem cell transplant population in a major transplant cancer center.
Authors: Finly Zachariah, Leslie Popplewell, Stephen J. Forman, Gerardo Gorospe, Judy Wong-Toh, Denise Morse, Lindsay Emanuel, Gayle Ito-Hamerling, Nellie Garcia, David Horak, Dicran Kassouny, Priscilla Ohanesian, Sorin Buga, William Dale, Stefanie Mooney, Bernard Tegtmeier, Chandana Banerjee, Purvi Patel, Joseph C. Alvarnas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

16 Background: Advance Care Planning (ACP) is central to patient-centered care and helps assure treatment aligns with a patient’s goals, values, and priorities. ACP is often poorly incorporated into the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) population, with reported advance directive (AD) rates of 23-50%. At City of Hope National Medical Center (COH), concerted efforts to improve the overall number of ADs in HSCT was undertaken and evaluated. Methods: The Department of Supportive Care Medicine at COH, in collaboration with medical faculty and administrative support, created a patient-centered ACP program. The first two years (2013/2014) broadly focused on all new COH patients. The last two years (2015/2016) included a specific focus on patients undergoing HSCT. The primary goal was a completed AD in the electronic medical record before day 0 of transplant. In addition to provider and transplant team engagement, major time points for supportive care integration to facilitate AD completion were identified including: 1) registration, 2) new patient orientation, 3) the clinical visit when transplant was decided, 4) pre-transplant education class, 5) clinical social work psychosocial assessment visit, and 6) the pre-transplant hospital days. AD completion rates were calculated with Odds Ratio and Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square using Epi Info StatCalc. Results: Between 2012 and 2016 at COH, 1784 transplants were performed. For HSCT patients in 2012, baseline AD capture rate before day 0 of transplant was 28.6%. With the institutional AD program, the AD capture rate before day 0 of transplant was 31.6% for 2014, compared with 2012 [odds ratio, 1.17(95% CI, 0.85-1.60); p = .33]. With both institutional and hematology specific programs, AD capture rate before day 0 was 69.5% for 2016, compared to 2014[odds ratio, 4.30 (95% CI, 3.14-5.91); p &lt; .001]. Conclusions: Compared to 2012, the institutional AD program in 2014 insignificantly impacted HSCT AD completion rates. Improving the rate of AD completion from 28.6% to 69.5% in HSCT patients required both institutional AD efforts and a targeted program. Nevertheless, more work is needed to improve AD completion rates before transplant to 100%.
The economic burden of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: U.S. Medicare perspective.
Authors: Sara Eapen, Ryan M. Andrews, Brian Gorin, Celestia S. Higano
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e16025 Background: Castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer (mCRPC) is associated with high medical costs and resource utilization. The aim of this study was to examine the total direct medical costs and resource utilization of mCRPC patients covered by Medicare. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed using a representative 5% sample of 1999-2010 quarterly Medicare claims. Males over the age of 18 were included in the analysis if they had all of the following: (i) at least one claim with a diagnosis of prostate cancer, (ii) at least one claim for a mCRPC treatment between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2010, (iii) a diagnosis of bone metastases after their prostate cancer diagnosis but before receiving mCRPC treatment, (iv) at least one quarter of Medicare eligibility before and after their index quarter, which was defined as the quarter of bone metastases diagnosis. Descriptive summary statistics of patient healthcare resource utilization and medical costs were reported on a per patient per quarter (PPPQ) basis. Results: A total of 5,018 mCRPC patients were identified from 1999-2010 with a mean (SD) age at index of approximately 76 (7) years and an average follow up time of 2.0 years. During the index quarter, mCRPC patients had a mean (SD) of 29.2 (19.1) medical claims for a mean (SD) cost of $13,649 ($15,943). Post index, the average number of claims per patient was higher than pre-index (20.0 vs. 9.8) resulting in substantially higher costs ($9,512 vs. $3,220). MCRPC patients received more frequent medical scanning during and after index, with patients receiving 3.2 scans during the index quarter and 1.2 scans PPPQ post-index compared to 0.6 scans PPPQ pre-index. PSA testing increased from 0.6 tests PPPQ before the index quarter to 1.4 tests PPPQ from the index quarter onwards. Conclusions: Based on data from the Medicare database from the decade prior to the approval of sipuleucel-T, cabazitaxel, abiraterone, and enzalutamide , the cost of care of patients with mCRPC was approximately $76,000 over 2 years. However, since the Medicare database does not include outpatient prescription data, the actual cost over 2 years is an underestimate. Future costs are expected to rise with the availability of these new agents.
Education program for cancer patients and families.
Authors: Marina Messinger, Udit Yadav, Romy Jose Thekkekara, Susan H. McDunn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

57 Background: Studies of patient education and communication have been shown to affect patient health outcomes, including emotional and physical health. Effective patient education is challenged by limitations in patient literacy. As much as 20% of the American population was found to have a low literacy level at or below a 5 th grade reading level. Our program was based in a public hospital treating underserved patients from lower socioeconomic backgrounds who often have low baseline health literacy and varying educational backgrounds. Methods: A cancer patient education program was organized for recently diagnosed cancer patients and their families. A lecture and interactive learning session was implemented to teach the basics of what cancer is, what chemotherapy is, social services available to patients, and counseling services available. A pre- and post-survey was administered to assess patients’ confidence in their understanding of cancer, chemotherapy, navigation of social and counseling services. Patients self rated their level of understanding as “poor”, “a little”, “average”, “good”, or “very good”. Results: Comparison of pre- and post-survey results showed self-assessed improvement of understanding of cancer, chemotherapy, social services, and counseling services by more than one level of understanding (1.29, 1.37, 1.18, 1.14 level of understanding improvement respectively). Conclusions: A patient education program for cancer patients teaching the basics of cancer and chemotherapy as well as giving patients and families resources for social services and counseling services is a very necessary resource. Better patient understanding of health issues may improve compliance with treatments, help alleviate anxiety, and enable patients and their families to participate actively in their care. This need is especially felt in a hospital treating an underserved population. Survey results show an improvement in patient self-assessed understanding of cancer, chemotherapy, and social services.
P2.05-005 Proton Beam Therapy for Early Stage Lung Cancer: A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study in Japan
Authors: K. Ohnishi, H. Harada, N. Nakamura, S. Tokumaru, H. Wada, T. Arimura, H. Iwata, Y. Sato, Y. Sekino, H. Tamamura, J. Mizoe, T. Ogino, H. Ishikawa, Y. Kikuchi, T. Okimoto, S. Murayama, T. Akimoto, H. Sakurai
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Osimertinib vs standard of care EGFR-TKI as first-line treatment in patients with EGFRm advanced NSCLC: FLAURA
Authors: Y. Ohe, S. Ramalingam, T. Reungwetwattana, B. Chewaskulyong, A. Dechaphunkul, K.H. Lee, F. Imamura, N. Nogami, Y. Cheng, B.C. Cho, E.K. Cho, J. Vansteenkiste, P.J. Voon, C. Zhou, J. Gray, R. Hodge, Y. Rukazenkov, J -C Soria
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Ultrasonographic-Guided Resuscitation of the Surgical Patient
Authors: Asanthi Ratnasekera, Paula Ferrada
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2017)

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Abstract 14957: CRISPR-mediated Expression of Fetal Scn5a Splice Variant Results in Arrhythmias and Conduction Defects
Authors: Paul D Pang, Katherina M Alsina, Amrita B Koushik, Roberta Palau, Xander H Wehrens, Thomas A Cooper
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Voltage-gated sodium channel type 1.5 (Nav1.5), encoded by the gene SCN5A, is the predominant sodium channel in the heart. Mutations in SCN5A are associated with diseases including Brugada and long...
Abstract 16991: Cardiosphere-derived Cell Exosomes Confer Acute Cardioprotection Following Ischemia-reperfusion Injury Through Macrophage Polarization <i>(Best of Basic Science Abstract)</i>
Authors: Geoffrey de Couto, Nupur Makkar, Eduardo Marbán
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Cardiosphere-Derived Cells (CDCs) exert both regenerative and cardioprotective effects following ischemic insult to the myocardium. The regenerative effects are mimicked by human CDC exosomes (CDC exo ), secreted nanovesicular entities that contain CDC-specific payloads of protein and noncoding RNA. Here we demonstrate that, CDC exo reduce infarct size and macrophage (Mf) infiltration when infused via the intracoronary route following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods &amp; Results: To examine the safety and efficacy of CDC exo , we performed a dose-finding study in Wistar-Kyoto rats (aged 8-12 weeks). Exosomes were precipitated from conditioned media collected from human CDCs or Fibroblasts [Fb, as a control] grown in serum-free media for 15 days. Exosome protein quantity, surface marker expression, and particle number were assessed prior to delivery. For in vivo analyses, rats underwent 45 minutes of ischemia followed by 20 minutes of reperfusion, then intracoronary infusion by random allocation of either Fb exosomes (Fb exo ) or CDC exo . Two days later, histological analysis revealed that CDC exo reduced infarct mass (CDC exo : 6.38% vs. Fb exo : 13.32%; p&lt;0.05) and CD68 + Mf infiltration (CDC exo : 183.5/FOV vs. Fb exo : 302.1/FOV; p&lt;0.05). In vitro, Mf uptake of exosomes and polarization based on gene expression profile ( Arg1, Vegfa, Il4ra ) occurred in a time-dependent manner. The phagocytic capacity of CDC exo -primed Mf was elevated relative to Fb exo -, M1-, or M2-polarized Mf (CDC exo : 76.8%; Fb exo : 38.3%; M1: 52.2%; M2: 33.9%; p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: CDC exo are cardioprotective when delivered via the intracoronary route 20 min post-I/R. These data demonstrate that exosomes secreted by CDCs (but not by fibroblasts) recapitulate the cardioprotective effects of CDCs (cellular postconditioning; Kanazawa et al, Circ HF 2015; de Couto et al, JCI 2015). Like CDCs, CDC exo modulate the Mf infiltrate in the heart post-I/R and distinctively polarize Mf. The data support the conjecture that CDC exo mediate the cardioprotective effects of CDCs via effects on Mf.
ApoL1 Overexpression Drives Variant-Independent Cytotoxicity
Authors: John F. O'Toole, William Schilling, Diana Kunze, Sethu M. Madhavan, Martha Konieczkowski, Yaping Gu, Liping Luo, Zhenzhen Wu, Leslie A. Bruggeman, John R. Sedor
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2017)

Coding variants in the APOL1 gene are associated with kidney diseases in African ancestral populations; yet, the underlying biologic mechanisms remain uncertain. Variant-dependent autophagic and cytotoxic cell death have been proposed as pathogenic pathways mediating kidney injury. To examine this possibility, we conditionally expressed APOL1-G0 (reference), -G1, and -G2 (variants) using a tetracycline-regulated system in HEK293 cells. Autophagy was monitored biochemically and cell death was measured using multiple assays. We measured intracellular Na + and K + content with atomic absorption spectroscopy and APOL1-dependent currents with whole-cell patch clamping. Neither reference nor variant APOL1s induced autophagy. At high expression levels, APOL1-G0, -G1, and -G2 inserted into the plasma membrane and formed pH-sensitive cation channels, causing collapse of cellular Na + and K + gradients, phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and cell death, without variant-dependent differences. APOL1-G0 and -G2 exhibited similar channel properties in whole-cell patch clamp experiments. At low expression levels, neither reference nor variant APOL1s localized on the plasma membrane, Na + and K + gradients were maintained, and cells remained viable. Our results indicate that APOL1-mediated pore formation is critical for the trypanolytic activity of APOL1 and drives APOL1-mediated cytotoxicity in overexpression systems. The absence of cytotoxicity at physiologic expression levels suggests variant-dependent intracellular K + loss and cytotoxicity does not drive kidney disease progression.
INDEPENDENT ASSOCIATION OF GNPAT p.D519G WITH MARKEDLY INCREASED IRON STORES IN HFE p.C282Y HOMOZYGOTES
Authors: James Barton, Wen-Pin Chen, Mary Emond, Pradyumna Phatak, V. Nathan Subramaniam, Paul Adams, Lyle Gurrin, Gregory Anderson, Grant Ramm, Lawrie Powell, Katrina Allen, John Phillips, Charles Parker, Gordon McLaren, Christine McLaren
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2017)