tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lentigo Maligna—Challenges, Observations, Imiquimod, Confocal Microscopy, and Personalized Treatment
Authors: Scott W. Fosko, Cristian P. Navarrete-Dechent, Kishwer S. Nehal
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Digital Rectal Examination and Anoscopy
Authors: Taufiek K. Rajab, Liliana G. Bordeianou, Arvind von Keudell, Hanna Rajab, Haiyang Zhou
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

A complete physical examination includes a digital rectal examination. If the digital rectal examination is inconclusive, then anoscopy can be used to further examine the anal canal. This video demonstrates both the digital rectal examination and anoscopy.
Impact of cancer survivorship care plans (SCPs) on health outcomes and health care delivery: A systematic review.
Authors: Paul B. Jacobsen, Antonio P. Derosa, Tara O. Henderson, Deborah Mayer, Chaya S. Moskowitz, Electra D. Paskett, Julia Howe Rowland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

2 Background: In 2006, the Institute of Medicine recommended that patients at or near completion of active treatment be provided with a SCP (treatment summary, relevant health information, and follow-up care plan) to improve care delivery and outcomes in the post-treatment period. We systematically reviewed published research to determine if SCPs have a positive impact on health outcomes and healthcare delivery. Methods: Randomized and nonrandomized studies evaluating patient-reported outcomes, healthcare utilization, and disease outcomes after delivery of SCPs were identified by searching MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library. Data were extracted by independent raters and summarized based on qualitative synthesis. Results: Eleven nonrandomized and 13 randomized studies met inclusion criteria. Variability was evident across studies in cancer diagnoses, timing of SCP delivery in relation to treatment completion, SCP delivery method and recipients, SCP content, SCP-related counseling, and outcomes assessed. Findings from nonrandomized studies yielded descriptive information only on outcomes such as satisfaction with care and reactions to SCPs. Among randomized studies, findings were near uniformly negative for the impact of SCPs on the most commonly assessed outcomes (physical, functional, and psychological well-being); findings were positive in single studies for other outcomes including amount of information received, satisfaction with care, and physician implementation of recommended survivorship care. Conclusions: Existing research provides minimal evidence that SCPs improve quality of life in cancer survivors. Possible explanations include heterogeneity in study designs and the low likelihood that SCP delivery alone would influence distal health outcomes. Findings are very limited but more positive for proximal outcomes (e.g., information received) and for care delivery, especially when SCPs are accompanied by counseling to prepare survivors for future clinical encounters. In light of current findings, future research should focus to a greater extent on evaluating ways to ensure SCP recommendations are subsequently implemented as part of ongoing care.
Prolonged Leptomeningeal Responses with Brigatinib in Two Heavily Pretreated ALK-Rearranged Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Arthur Geraud, Laura Mezquita, Frederic Bigot, Caroline Caramella, David Planchard, Cecile Le Pechoux, Benjamin Besse
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2018)
Substance Use Among American Indian Youths on Reservations Compared With a National Sample of US Adolescents
Authors: Randall C. Swaim, Linda R. Stanley
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> American Indian adolescents attending schools on or near reservations are historically at high risk for substance use. <h3>Objective</h3> To compare rates of substance use among reservation-based American Indian adolescents vs rates among national US youths. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Population-based survey study of 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students attending participating schools on or near reservations, stratified by region, during the 2016-2017 school year. Substance use rates were compared with those of a national sample of comparably aged students from the Monitoring the Future study. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Lifetime and last-30-day self-reported use of alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs, using relative risk (RR) ratios with 95% confidence intervals to compare American Indian student rates with Monitoring the Future student rates. <h3>Results</h3> Participants included 570 students in eighth grade (49.6% girls; mean age, 13.5 years), 582 in 10th grade (50.0% girls; mean age, 15.4 years), and 508 in 12th grade (53.5% girls; mean age, 17.4 years). American Indian students reported substantially higher lifetime and last-30-day substance use rates compared with the Monitoring the Future students, with greatest disparity at eighth grade: last-30-day substance use RRs for grade 8 were 2.1 (95% CI, 1.4-3.0) for alcohol, 4.2 (95% CI, 3.1-5.8) for marijuana, and 2.4 (95% CI, 1.7-3.3) for other illicit drugs. Compared with 2009 to 2012 data, the RRs between American Indian and Monitoring the Future students for lifetime alcohol and marijuana use did not change substantially from the 2016-2017 school year (alcohol: RR, 1.5 [95% CI, 1.4-1.6] vs RR, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.2-1.4], respectively; marijuana: RR, 2.0 [95% CI, 1.8-2.1] vs RR, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.9-2.3], respectively), but increased substantially for other drugs (RR, 1.8 [95% CI, 1.7-1.9] vs RR, 3.0 [95% CI, 2.9-3.2], respectively). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Reservation-based American Indian students are at high risk for substance use compared with US youths in general, making prevention efforts critical. Cultural and value-based characteristics unique to American Indian populations may provide beneficial targets for prevention, but there is limited evidence on how cultural factors work to prevent risky behaviors. Without increased attention to these disparities, the costs to American Indian youths and their communities will remain high.
Changes in bone mineral density with adjuvant aromatase inhibitor treatment and breast cancer recurrence.
Authors: Hilary Martin, Andrew D. Redfern
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

e12596 Background: Evidence supports the efficacy of adjuvant bisphosphonates in postmenopausal women for reducing the risk of breast cancer recurrence. This effect appears to be greatest for reducing the risk of bone recurrence. Bisphosphonates are known to increase bone mineral density. As yet however, no study has investigated whether a change in bone mineral density on aromatase inhibitors is associated with an increased risk of disease recurrence. Methods: This was a single centre retrospective study of women treated with curative intent for hormone receptor positive breast cancer treated with an adjuvant aromatase inhibitor. Demographic data was obtained on this cohort from case notes, as well as treatment and outcome details. Data was obtained from the baseline bone mineral density, obtained at time of commencement of aromatase inhibitor and subsequent bone mineral density following commencement of aromatase inhibitor. Change in bone mineral density change at the hip and lumbar spine were investigated by quartile of change. Cox univariate and multivariate analysis was undertaken to investigate the association between bone mineral density and other factors known to be associated with breast cancer recurrence. Results: Baseline and subsequent bone density tests results were obtained for 337 patients at the lumbar spine and 329 at the hip. There was a non-significant trend towards a lower risk of recurrence for patients with greater reduction in bone mineral density at the lumbar spine. There was a non-significant trend towards a lower risk of recurrence for those with less reduction in bone mineral density at the hip on both univariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusions: ne mineral density change may be associated with breast cancer recurrence. Analysis of additional data sets is required to determine whether on analysis of a larger group the non-significant findings in this study are confirmed. If confirmed such findings may assist in determining patients who may benefit from adjuvant bisphosphonates.
Progress in Prevention and Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: John A. Kellum, Rinaldo Bellomo, Claudio Ronco
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Lipolysis Triggers a Systemic Insulin Response Essential for Efficient Energy Replenishment of Activated Brown Adipose Tissue in Mice
Authors: Markus Heine, Alexander W. Fischer, Christian Schlein, Caroline Jung, Leon G. Straub, Kristina Gottschling, Nils Mangels, Yucheng Yuan, Stefan K. Nilsson, Gudrun Liebscher, Ou Chen, Renate Schreiber, Rudolf Zechner, Ludger Scheja, Joerg Heeren
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2018)
Perspectivas de um Centro Europeio para a prevenção e o controle das doenças
Authors: M Kokki, R Haigh
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2004)

Acordo sobre a Regulacao No dia 30 de Marco de 2004, o Conselho finalmente deu o seu acordo a Regulacao instaurando o novo Centro Europeio para a Prevencao e o Controle das Doencas. Desde a proposta da Commissao em Julho de 2003, bastaram oito meses de negociacao para chegar a um acordo final entre o Parlamento e o Conselho da Europa. Este tempo nao seria um recorde para um acordo sobre uma nova legislacao europeia, mas considerando o que esse tipo de legislacao implica - o estabelecimento de uma nova instituicao communitaria com financiacao permanente e participacao obligatoria dos Estados membros - e provavel que seja. Agora chegamos a fase seguinte : a implementacao pratica da Regulacao. As primeiras prioridades sao a eleccao do Director e do sitio em Stockholmo. A Regulacao fixou uma serie ambiciosa de condicoes para que o Centro seja operacional em maio de 2005 : por em accao o Comite de Direccao (Nota da redaccao : os Membros do Comite de Direccao do Centro), organisar o programa de trabalho para 2005 e responder as numerosas exigencias organisacionais. Si o Centro devera ser operacional em menos de um ano, e essencial que decisoes sobre estes aspectos praticos muito importantes sejam tomadas. Mas ainda e mais fundamental o assunto dos mandados, no presente como para o futuro ; como poderao ser atendidos, nos primeiros anos com um pequeno orcamento inicial de dez milhoes de euros, financiado por parte pelo programa de Saude publica, e como poderao complementar as iniciativas que existem ao nivel internacional e communitario ou com paises terceiros.
Investigating Hispanic disparities in supportive medication use among Medicare beneficiaries with breast cancer.
Authors: Laura C Pinheiro, Devon Check, Donald Rosenstein, Katherine Elizabeth Reeder-Hayes, Stacie Dusetzina
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

154 Background: Compared to their White counterparts, Hispanic women with breast cancer are more likely to report pain, depression, and other mental health concerns. As such, this group may benefit from supportive medication use following diagnosis. However, little is known about their uptake of supportive medication, relative to White patients. In particular, it is unknown if this varies by nativity. This study’s objectives were to assess supportive medication use and investigate potential disparities in use by ethnicity/nativity. Methods: We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results data linked with Medicare claims to identify women 65+ years diagnosed with incident breast cancer between July 1, 2007 and December 31, 2011. Use of supportive medications (defined as opioid pain and non-opioid psychotropic medications) within 90 days of diagnosis was the primary outcome. We categorized ethnicity/nativity as U.S-Born Non-Hispanic, U.S-Born Hispanic, Foreign-Born Non-Hispanic, and Foreign-Born Hispanic. Poisson models were used to examine associations between ethnicity/nativity and supportive medication use, adjusting for tumor, treatment, and demographic characteristics. We estimated adjusted risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals for all estimates. Results: This study included 23,091 women, of whom 88% were U.S-Born Non-Hispanics, 4% U.S-Born Hispanics, 6% Foreign-Born Non-Hispanics, and 2% Foreign-Born Hispanics. We observed significant adjusted differences in supportive medication use by ethnicity/nativity. Compared to US-Born Non-Hispanics, Foreign-Born Hispanics and Non-Hispanics were 5% (95% CI 0.92-0.98, p = 0.005) and 10% (95% CI 0.85-0.96, p = 0.0005) less likely to receive supportive medications, respectively. U.S-Born Hispanics were 5% (95% CI 1.02-1.09) more likely to receive supportive medications. Conclusions: This work highlights potential disparities in supportive care, and the need to address the psychosocial needs of Foreign-Born women to improve the equity of breast cancer care. Future studies should explore if differences observed in this study are reflective of true health disparities or differential patient preferences.
LSD1 Inhibition Prolongs Survival in Mouse Models of MPN by Selectively Targeting the Disease Clone
Authors: Jonas S. Jutzi, Maria Kleppe, Jennifer Dias, Hans Felix Staehle, Kaitlyn Shank, Julie Teruya‐Feldstein, Sudheer Madan Mohan Gambheer, Christine Dierks, Hugh Y. Rienhoff, Ross L. Levine, Heike L. Pahl
Journal: HemaSphere (2018)

Despite recent advances, the myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are attended by considerable morbidity and mortality. Janus kinase (Jak) inhibitors such as ruxolitinib manage symptoms but do not substantially change the natural history of the disease. In this report, we show the effects of IMG-7289, an irreversible inhibitor of the epigenetically active lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) in mouse models of MPN. Once-daily treatment with IMG-7289 normalized or improved blood cell counts, reduced spleen volumes, restored normal splenic architecture, and reduced bone marrow fibrosis. Most importantly, LSD1 inhibition lowered mutant allele burden and improved survival. IMG-7289 selectively inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of JAK2V617F cells by concomitantly increasing expression and methylation of p53, and, independently, the pro-apoptotic factor PUMA and by decreasing the levels of its antiapoptotic antagonist BCLXL. These data provide a molecular understanding of the disease-modifying activity of the LSD1 inhibitor IMG-7289 that is currently undergoing clinical evaluation in patients with high-risk myelofibrosis. Moreover, low doses of IMG-7289 and ruxolitinib synergize in normalizing the MPN phenotype in mice, offering a rationale for investigating combination therapy.
Association between acute mountain sickness (AMS) and age: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Wu, Chi Zhang, Yu Chen, Yong-Jun Luo
Journal: Military Medical Research (2018)

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a potentially lethal condition caused by acute hypoxia after ascending to altitudes higher than 2500 m in a short time. The main symptom of AMS is headache. Numerous risk factors of AMS have been examined, including gender, obesity, ascent rate, age and individual susceptibility. In previous studies, age was considered a predisposing factor for AMS. However, different opinions have been raised in recent years. To clarify the association between AMS and age, we conducted this meta-analysis. We obtained observational studies that explored risk factors for AMS by searching PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), the Wanfang database and CQVIP for articles published before March 2017. The studies included were required to provide the mean age and its standard deviation for subjects with and without AMS, the maximum altitude attained and the mode of ascent. The Lake Louse Score (LLS) or the Chinese AMS score (CAS) was used to judge the severity of AMS symptoms and incidence. Studies were pooled for the analysis by using a random effects model in RevMan 5.0. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to identify sources of heterogeneity using Stata 14.2 and RevMan 5.0. In total, 17 studies were included, and the overall number of subjects with and without AMS was 1810 and 3014, respectively. The age ranged from 10 to 76 years. Analysis of the 17 included studies showed that age was not associated with AMS (mean difference (MD) = 0.10; 95% CI: -0.38-0.58; P = 0.69). This meta-analysis suggests that there is no association between age and the risk of AMS. Race, age, and ascent mode are common sources of heterogeneity, which may provide an analytical orientation for future heterogeneity analyses.
MicroRNA-99a mimics inhibit M1 macrophage phenotype and adipose tissue inflammation by targeting TNFα
Authors: Anant Jaiswal, Sukka Santosh Reddy, Mohita Maurya, Preeti Maurya, Manoj Kumar Barthwal
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2018)

In human adipose tissue and obesity, miR-99a expression is negatively correlated with inflammation. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of miR-99a in macrophage phenotype activation and adipose tissue inflammation. M2 BMDMs showed a significant increase in miR-99a expression when compared to the M0 and M1 phenotypes. Phenotype-switching experiments established an association between upregulated miR-99a expression and the M2 phenotype. Overexpression of miR-99a prevented M1 phenotype activation and attenuated bactericidal activity. Likewise, knockdown of miR-99a abolished M2 phenotype activation. By means of in silico target prediction tools and a luciferase reporter assay, TNFα was identified as a direct target of miR-99a. Knockdown of TNFα recapitulated the effect of miR-99a overexpression in M1 BMDMs. In a db/db mice model, miR-99a expression was reduced in eWAT and F4/80+ ATMs. Systemic overexpression of miR-99a in db/db mice attenuated adipocyte hypertrophy with increased CD301 and reduced CD86 immunostaining. Flow cytometry analysis also showed an increased M2 and a reduced M1 macrophage population. Mimics of miR-99a also improved the diabetic dyslipidemia and insulin signaling in eWAT and liver, with an attenuated expression of gluconeogenesis and cholesterol metabolism genes in the liver. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of miR-99a-overexpressing macrophages in the db/db mice recapitulated in vivo miR-99a mimic effects with increased M2 and reduced M1 macrophage populations and improved systemic glucose, insulin sensitivity, and insulin signaling in the eWAT and liver. The present study demonstrates that miR-99a mimics can regulate macrophage M1 phenotype activation by targeting TNFα. miR-99a therapeutics in diabetic mice reduces the adipose tissue inflammation and improves insulin sensitivity.
The Lung in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Paolo Spagnolo, Joyce S. Lee, Nicola Sverzellati, Giulio Rossi, Vincent Cottin
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2018)

Interstitial lung disease ( ILD ) is an increasingly recognized complication of rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In addition, approximately one‐third of patients have subclinical disease with varying degrees of functional impairment. Although risk factors for RA ‐related ILD are well established (e.g., older age, male sex, ever smoking, and seropositivity for rheumatoid factor and anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide), little is known about optimal disease assessment, treatment, and monitoring, particularly in patients with progressive disease. Patients with RA ‐related ILD are also at high risk of infection and drug toxicity, which, along with comorbidities, complicates further treatment decision‐making. There are distinct histopathologic patterns of RA ‐related ILD with different clinical phenotypes, natural histories, and prognoses. Of these, the usual interstitial pneumonia ( UIP ) subtype of RA ‐related ILD shares a number of clinical and histopathologic features with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the most common and severe of the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, suggesting the existence of common mechanistic pathways and possibly therapeutic targets. There remain substantial gaps in our knowledge of RA ‐related ILD . Concerted multinational efforts by expert centers has the potential to elucidate the basic mechanisms underlying RA ‐related UIP and other subtypes of RA ‐related ILD and facilitate the development of more efficacious and safer drugs.