tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Enhanced case management can be delivered for patients with EVD in Africa: Experience from a UK military Ebola treatment centre in Sierra Leone
Authors: S.J. Dickson, K.A. Clay, M. Adam, C. Ardley, M.S. Bailey, D.S. Burns, A.T. Cox, D.G. Craig, M. Espina, I. Ewington, G. Fitchett, J. Grindrod, D.E. Hinsley, S. Horne, E. Hutley, A.M. Johnston, R.L.C. Kao, L.E. Lamb, S. Lewis, D. Marion, A.J. Moore, T.C. Nicholson-Roberts, A. Phillips, J. Praught, P.S. Rees, I. Schoonbaert, T. Trinick, D.R. Wilson, A.J. Simpson, D. Wang, M.K. O'Shea, T.E. Fletcher
Journal: Journal of Infection (2017)

BackgroundLimited data exist describing supportive care management, laboratory abnormalities and outcomes in patients with Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa. We report data which constitute the first description of the provision of enhanced EVD case management protocols in a West African setting.MethodsDemographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected by retrospective review of clinical and laboratory records of patients with confirmed EVD admitted between 5 November 2014 and 30 June 2015.ResultsA total of 44 EVD patients were admitted (median age 37 years (range 17–63), 32/44 healthcare workers), and excluding those evacuated, the case fatality rate was 49% (95% CI 33%–65%). No pregnant women were admitted. At admission 9/44 had stage 1 disease (fever and constitutional symptoms only), 12/44 had stage 2 disease (presence of diarrhoea and/or vomiting) and 23/44 had stage 3 disease (presence of diarrhoea and/or vomiting with organ failure), with case fatality rates of 11% (95% CI 1%–58%), 27% (95% CI 6%–61%), and 70% (95% CI 47%–87%) respectively (p = 0.009). Haemorrhage occurred in 17/41 (41%) patients. The majority (21/40) of patients had hypokalaemia with hyperkalaemia occurring in 12/40 patients. Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurred in 20/40 patients, with 14/20 (70%, 95% CI 46%–88%) dying, compared to 5/20 (25%, 95% CI 9%–49%) dying who did not have AKI (p = 0.01). Ebola virus (EBOV) PCR cycle threshold value at baseline was mean 20.3 (SD 4.3) in fatal cases and 24.8 (SD 5.5) in survivors (p = 0.007). Mean national early warning score (NEWS) at admission was 5.5 (SD 4.4) in fatal cases and 3.0 (SD 1.9) in survivors (p = 0.02). Central venous catheters were placed in 37/41 patients and intravenous fluid administered to 40/41 patients (median duration of 5 days). Faecal management systems were inserted in 21/41 patients, urinary catheters placed in 27/41 and blood component therapy administered to 20/41 patients.ConclusionsEVD is commonly associated life-threatening electrolyte imbalance and organ dysfunction. We believe that the enhanced levels of protocolized care, scale and range of medical interventions we report, offer a blueprint for the future management of EVD in resource-limited settings.
Coupling Policymaking with Evaluation — The Case of the Opioid Crisis
Authors: Michael L. Barnett, Josh Gray, Anna Zink, Anupam B. Jena
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

Policymakers have focused substantial energy on curbing opioid-prescribing rates. The challenge is designing effective opioid-prescription policies to stem the flood of overdoses without having to wait several years to accumulate additional evidence.
Occurrence of vismodegib-induced cramps (muscular spasms) in the treatment of basal cell carcinoma: A prospective study in 30 patients
Authors: Edwina Girard, Arnaud Lacour, Henry Abi Rached, Nassima Ramdane, Carole Templier, Véronique Dziwniel, Eve Desmedt, Emilie Le Rhun, Laurent Mortier
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2017)
Abstract 14347: An Externally Validated Community-Based Risk Prediction Score for Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Brittany Bogle, Jeffrey J Goldberger, Sanjay Mehrotra, Hongyan Ning, Donald M Lloyd-Jones
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction:  Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a leading cause of death in the United States, and many victims are not identified as at-risk for SCD with existing screening tools. The objective of this study was to derive and validate a population-based risk assessment score for prediction of SCD.   Methods:  The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort is comprised of men and women from four US communities, aged 45-64 at baseline; 11,335 white participants (mean age 54.4 years, 52.4% women) were included in the analysis. SCD was physician-adjudicated and defined as death due to coronary heart disease within one hour of symptom onset. Cox proportional hazards models were used to derive an equation to estimate SCD risk within 10 years. Covariates were selected from among commonly available demographic and clinical variables using Akaike’s Information Criteria. The utility of the final risk score was assessed by calculating discrimination (Harrell’s c-index) and calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow chi-square test). The risk score was validated among 5,626 Framingham Heart Study and Framingham Offspring Study participants (mean age 48.2 years, 52.8% women), aged 30 to 70 years.   Results:  During 10 years’ follow up among ARIC participants, 95 participants experienced SCD; the majority (65%) occurred in the highest quintile of predicted risk. Selected covariates for the model included age, sex, total cholesterol, lipid-lowering medication use, hypertension medication use, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, smoking status, diabetes, and body mass index. The risk score yielded very good discrimination in ARIC (c-index: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.78-0.85) and Framingham (c-index: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.79-0.86). Calibration plots indicated excellent calibration in ARIC ( χ 2 :  5.3, p= 0.82) but poorer in Framingham ( χ 2 :  29.7, p χ 2 :  2.1, p= 0.99) within Framingham.   Conclusions:  We derived and externally validated a sex-adjusted risk prediction score for SCD. The proposed risk score has strong discrimination and calibration in the derived population, and may be used to identify those at risk for SCD within 10 years, and particularly screen for those at highest risk.
Large dissémination de MRSA épidémique dans les hôpitaux allemands
Authors: W Witte, C Cuny, C Braulke, D Heuck, I Klare
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1997)

Les souches a Staphylococcus aureus multiresistantes aux antibiotiques, y compris celles resistantes a la methicilline (MRSA), representent un probleme majeur pour le controle des infections acquises a l'hopital. Certaines souches ont la capacite de se propager une fois qu'elles ont ete introduites dans un hopital. On a montre que differentes souches de MRSA (EMRSA) identifiees par phenotype s'etaient propagees d'une region a l'autre dans des hopitaux britanniques (1). Des etudes multicentriques conduites par le Paul Ehrlich Society for Chemotherapy ont montre que la frequence des MRSA parmi les infections a S. aureus acquises dans les hopitaux allemands avait augmente de 1,7% a 8,7% entre 1990 et 1995 (2,3).
Abstract 17718: Depression was Associated With Brain Natriuretic Peptide and Home Morning Systolic Blood Pressure in Male Patients at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Tomoyuki Kabutoya, Satoshi Hoshide, Kazuomi Kario
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: The associations between depression, home blood pressure (BP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease have been unclear. Hypothesis: We asses...
The Role Of Splenectomy In The Treatment Of Myelofibrosis
Authors: Anait L. Melikyan, Alla M. Kovrigina, Manana A. Sokolova, Ludmila U. Kolosova, Maksim A. Silaev, Elena A. Gilyazitdinova, Irina N. Subortseva, Eduard G. Gemdjian, Suren R Karagulyan, Valeri G. Savchenko
Journal: Blood (2013)
Vitamin D Supplementation and Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Children
Authors: Bruce L. Davidson, Khalid Alansari
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: David C. Grossman, Susan J. Curry, Douglas K. Owens, Michael J. Barry, Karina W. Davidson, Chyke A. Doubeni, John W. Epling, Alex R. Kemper, Alex H. Krist, Ann E. Kurth, C. Seth Landefeld, Carol M. Mangione, Maureen G. Phipps, Michael Silverstein, Melissa A. Simon, Chien-Wen Tseng
Journal: JAMA (2017)

<h3>Importance</h3> Menopause occurs at a median age of 51.3 years, and the average US woman who reaches menopause is expected to live another 30 years. The prevalence and incidence of most chronic conditions, such as coronary heart disease, dementia, stroke, fractures, and breast cancer, increase with age; however, the excess risk for these conditions that can be attributed to menopause alone is uncertain. Since the publication of findings from the Women's Health Initiative that hormone therapy use is associated with serious adverse health effects in postmenopausal women, use of menopausal hormone therapy has declined. <h3>Objective</h3> To update the 2012 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on the use of menopausal hormone therapy for the primary prevention of chronic conditions. <h3>Evidence Review</h3> The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the benefits and harms of systemic (ie, oral or transdermal) hormone therapy for the prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women and whether outcomes vary among women in different subgroups or by timing of intervention after menopause. The review did not address hormone therapy for preventing or treating menopausal symptoms. <h3>Findings</h3> Although the use of hormone therapy to prevent chronic conditions in postmenopausal women is associated with some benefits, there are also well-documented harms. The USPSTF determined that the magnitude of both the benefits and the harms of hormone therapy in postmenopausal women is small to moderate. Therefore, the USPSTF concluded with moderate certainty that combined estrogen and progestin has no net benefit for the primary prevention of chronic conditions for most postmenopausal women with an intact uterus and that estrogen alone has no net benefit for the primary prevention of chronic conditions for most postmenopausal women who have had a hysterectomy. <h3>Conclusions and Recommendation</h3> The USPSTF recommends against the use of combined estrogen and progestin for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women. (D recommendation) The USPSTF recommends against the use of estrogen alone for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal women who have had a hysterectomy. (D recommendation)
Targeting Aberrant Expression of CD81 Impacts Cell Adhesion and Migration, Drug Resistance and Prognosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Fanny Gonzales, Thomas Boyer, Pauline Peyrouze, Soizic Guihard, Christophe Roumier, Céline Berthon, Claude Preudhomme, Meyling Cheok
Journal: Blood (2017)
The E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP1 sustains the growth of acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: A G Sanarico, C Ronchini, A Croce, E M Memmi, U A Cammarata, A De Antoni, S Lavorgna, M Divona, L Giacò, G E M Melloni, A Brendolan, G Simonetti, G Martinelli, P Mancuso, F Bertolini, F Lo Coco, G Melino, P G Pelicci, F Bernassola
Journal: Leukemia (2017)

The E3 ubiquitin ligase (E3) WWP1 is an oncogenic factor implicated in the maintenance of different types of epithelial cancers. The role of WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (WWP1) in haematological neoplasms remains unknown. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is characterized by the expansion of malignant myeloid cells blocked at different stages of differentiation. Here we report that the expression of WWP1 is significantly augmented in a large cohort of primary AML patients and in AML cell lines, compared with haematopoietic cells from healthy donors. We show that WWP1 inactivation severely impairs the growth of primary AML blasts and cell lines in vitro. In vivo, we observed a reduced leukaemogenic potential of WWP1-depleted AML cells upon transplantation into immunocompromised mice. Mechanistically, WWP1 inactivation induces the accumulation of its protein substrate p27Kip1, which ultimately contributes to G0/G1 cell cycle arrest of AML blasts. In addition, WWP1 depletion triggers the autophagy signalling and reduces survival of leukaemic cells. Collectively, our findings provide molecular insights into the anti-cancer potential of WWP1 inhibition, suggesting that this E3 is a promising biomarker and druggable target in AML.
Image Gallery: Pitfalls when measuring protoporphyrin <scp>IX</scp> during photodynamic therapy
Authors: I.M. Heerfordt, H.C. Wulf
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2017)

Funding sources: none Conflicts of interest: none declared. Dear Editor, In photodynamic therapy (PDT), protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) accumulates until illumination. In daylight PDT with continuous illumination, PpIX concentrations are very low.1 2 Photos (a, b) were taken in black light (TL08). They show two skin areas (C, D). Area C had been occluded with methyl aminolaevulinate (MAL) for 3 h but had not been illuminated. This area fluoresced red peaking at 632 nm (c), representing PpIX. Treatment of area D with daylight for 2·5 h after MAL cream application under occlusion resulted in yellow fluorescence peaking at 608 nm (c), representing a by‐product. As the emission peaks are close, broadband fluorescence measurement will confuse the by‐product with PpIX. Wiping the skin with a wet cloth removed the by‐product, which was present only on the skin surface. To get a correct result clean the skin before measuring PpIX fluorescence.
Survival following salvage therapy for primary refractory peripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCL)
Authors: Janie Y. Zhang, Robert Briski, Sumana Devata, Mark S. Kaminski, Tycel J. Phillips, Tera L. Mayer, Nathanael G. Bailey, Ryan A. Wilcox
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2017)

Optimal salvage therapy for primary refractory peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) and the role of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (SCT) remain poorly defined. We conducted a retrospective review of clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in a single-center cohort of 93 patients with primary refractory PTCL, defined as progression during first-line therapy or relapse within 6 months of its completion. Clinical outcomes were poor in this population, with median event-free survival (EFS) of 3.5 months, median overall survival (OS) of 9.1 months, and 34% 3-year survival. Outcomes were comparable in patients who progressed through first-line therapy and patients who achieved CR/PR and subsequently relapsed within 6 months. A majority exhibited high-risk features and had intermediate to high risk IPI, which correlated with inferior outcomes. There was no difference in outcomes between patients who received single-agent salvage regimens and patients who underwent traditional, multi-agent salvage regimens. Thus, participation in well-designed clinical trials should be encouraged in this population. Additionally, there may be a trend toward improved EFS and OS in patients who underwent autologous or allogeneic SCT compared to patients who achieved CR or PR but were not transplanted.
Adaptation of Bone to Mechanical Strain
Authors: Toshihiro Sugiyama
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Müller Maneuver as a Tool for Stress Echocardiography
Authors: Takeshi Onoue, Shota Fukuda, Atsushi Hayashi, Soshi Hei, Yuichiro Kado, Yasufumi Nagata, Mai Iwataki, Ritsuko Kohno, Kyoko Otani, Tetsu Miyamoto, Yasushi Oginosawa, Masaru Araki, Shinjo Sonoda, Masaaki Takeuchi, Haruhiko Abe, Yutaka Otsuji
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2017)
Editorial Comment on: Comparison of Contrast-Enhanced Color Doppler Imaging (CDI), Computerized Tomography (CT), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for the Detection of Crossing Vessels in Patients with Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction (UPJO)
Authors: Hessel Wijkstra, Jean J.M.C.H. de la Rosette
Journal: European Urology (2007)
Fully Automated Detection and Quantification of Macular Fluid in OCT Using Deep Learning
Authors: Thomas Schlegl, Sebastian M. Waldstein, Hrvoje Bogunovic, Franz Endstraßer, Amir Sadeghipour, Ana-Maria Philip, Dominika Podkowinski, Bianca S. Gerendas, Georg Langs, Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth
Journal: Ophthalmology (2017)

Development and validation of a fully automated method to detect and quantify macular fluid in conventional OCT images.Development of a diagnostic modality.The clinical dataset for fluid detection consisted of 1200 OCT volumes of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD, n = 400), diabetic macular edema (DME, n = 400), or retinal vein occlusion (RVO, n = 400) acquired with Zeiss Cirrus (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) (n = 600) or Heidelberg Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) (n = 600) OCT devices.A method based on deep learning to automatically detect and quantify intraretinal cystoid fluid (IRC) and subretinal fluid (SRF) was developed. The performance of the algorithm in accurately identifying fluid localization and extent was evaluated against a manual consensus reading of 2 masked reading center graders.Performance of a fully automated method to accurately detect, differentiate, and quantify intraretinal and SRF using area under the receiver operating characteristics curves, precision, and recall.The newly designed, fully automated diagnostic method based on deep learning achieved optimal accuracy for the detection and quantification of IRC for all 3 macular pathologies with a mean accuracy (AUC) of 0.94 (range, 0.91-0.97), a mean precision of 0.91, and a mean recall of 0.84. The detection and measurement of SRF were also highly accurate with an AUC of 0.92 (range, 0.86-0.98), a mean precision of 0.61, and a mean recall of 0.81, with superior performance in neovascular AMD and RVO compared with DME, which was represented rarely in the population studied. High linear correlation was confirmed between automated and manual fluid localization and quantification, yielding an average Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.90 for IRC and of 0.96 for SRF.Deep learning in retinal image analysis achieves excellent accuracy for the differential detection of retinal fluid types across the most prevalent exudative macular diseases and OCT devices. Furthermore, quantification of fluid achieves a high level of concordance with manual expert assessment. Fully automated analysis of retinal OCT images from clinical routine provides a promising horizon in improving accuracy and reliability of retinal diagnosis for research and clinical practice in ophthalmology.
Discovery, characterization, and clinical development of the glucagon-like peptides
Authors: Daniel J. Drucker, Joel F. Habener, Jens Juul Holst
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2017)

The discovery, characterization, and clinical development of glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) spans more than 30 years and includes contributions from multiple investigators, science recognized by the 2017 Harrington Award Prize for Innovation in Medicine. Herein, we provide perspectives on the historical events and key experimental findings establishing the biology of GLP-1 as an insulin-stimulating glucoregulatory hormone. Important attributes of GLP-1 action and enteroendocrine science are reviewed, with emphasis on mechanistic advances and clinical proof-of-concept studies. The discovery that GLP-2 promotes mucosal growth in the intestine is described, and key findings from both preclinical studies and the GLP-2 clinical development program for short bowel syndrome (SBS) are reviewed. Finally, we summarize recent progress in GLP biology, highlighting emerging concepts and scientific insights with translational relevance.