tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FRI0562 Proportion of hip and non-hip major fractures: costs and quality of life
Authors: ML Marques, A Marques, A Daniel, L Brites, JAP da Silva
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> FRAX® country specific risk estimates are a mainstay of current treatment decisions and public health policies in osteoporosis. Because the registries of major non-hip fractures (NHF) is poor in most countries, this estimate is based on the gender- and age-specific ratio of hip fractures (HF) to NHF observed in a prospective population-based study performed in Malmo, Sweden<sup>1</sup>. FRAX® presumes, therefore, that the ratio of incidence and cost of hip/major osteoporotic fractures is similar, in every country, to that observed in Sweden. This major assumption has seldom been questioned. <h3>Objectives</h3> This retrospective single-centre observational study aimed to assess the proportion of HF vs. NHF and the impact of wrist and vertebral fractures, in terms of costs and health-related quality of life (HrQoL), 1 year after the fracture in Portugal. <h3>Methods</h3> We revised the records of all patients observed in an emergency department through a period of 3 months and included those aged 50+ diagnosed with a fragility (low energy) HF or NHF. A telephone interview was conducted in a randomly selected subsample of patients from each type of fracture 1 year after fracture. A questionnaire with socio-demographic data, resource consumption over 1st year and HrQol (EQ-5D) was applied to patients or their caregivers. Direct and indirect costs were estimated from a societal perspective. <h3>Results</h3> In the study period, 1760 patients were observed by the orthopaedics emergency team. Of these, 435 patients had suffered a fracture (129 fragility HF, 152 NHF and 154 fractures that were not considered low-trauma and were therefore excluded). Humerus fractures were also excluded, to mirror the Swedish study. The randomly selected subsample of patients consisted of 66 NHF (55 with wrist and 11 with clinical vertebral fractures). Patients were mostly females in all types of fractures (58% to 82%). The mean age at fracture was higher in HF (81.6±8.59 vs. 69.1±10.06). Falls were the cause of fracture in 97% of cases. Inpatient care was provided to 100% of HF patients vs. 25.8% of NHF patients. The proportion of fractures, average fracture-related costs for the 1st year, and the mean impact upon HrQoL are shown in Table 1. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The proportion HF/NHF observed in Portugal is similar to the Swedish reference values (0.44/0.56). The highest cost were attributed to hip fractures in both countries, followed by vertebral fractures and lastly by wrist fractures. The HrQoL mean loss was higher for vertebral fractures in both countries. The reported costs of vertebral fractures are much higher than in Portugal which may significantly affect the calculation of cost-effectiveness thresholds for intervention. <h3>References</h3> Borgström F, et al. Osteoporos Int. 2006;17(5):637–50. Marques A, et al. Osteoporos Int. 2015 Nov;26(11):2623–30. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Management of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infections
Authors: M. Bassetti, D.R. Giacobbe, H. Giamarellou, C. Viscoli, G.L. Daikos, G. Dimopoulos, F.G. De Rosa, E.J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis, G.M. Rossolini, E. Righi, I. Karaiskos, M. Tumbarello, D.P. Nicolau, P.L. Viale, G. Poulakou
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2017)
Consensus on Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Small-Sized Hepatocellular Carcinoma at the 7th Asia-Pacific Primary Liver Cancer Expert Meeting
Authors: Zhao-Chong Zeng, Jinsil Seong, Sang Min Yoon, Jason Chia-Hsien Cheng, Ka-On Lam, Ann-Shing Lee, Ada Law, Jian-Ying Zhang, Yong Hu
Journal: Liver Cancer (2017)

Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is an advanced technique of external beam radiation therapy that delivers large ablative doses of radiation. In the past decade, many cancer centers have adopted SBRT as one mode of radically treating small-sized hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), based on encouraging clinical outcomes. SBRT thus seems reasonable as first-line treatment of inoperable HCC confined to the liver. However, most of the clinical studies to date have been retrospective in nature, with key issues still under investigation.The above-mentioned publications were subjected to scrutiny, fueling discussions at the 7th Asia-Pacific Primary Liver Cancer Expert (APPLE 2016) Meeting on various clinical variables, such as indications for SBRT, therapeutic outcomes, treatment-related toxicities, doses prescribed, and specific techniques. The consensus reached should be of interest to all professionals active in the treatment of HCC, especially radiation oncologists.SBRT is a safe and effective therapeutic option for patients with small-sized HCC, offering substantial local control, improved overall survival, and low toxicity.
Depletion of adult neurogenesis exacerbates cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease by compromising hippocampal inhibition
Authors: Carolyn Hollands, Matthew Kyle Tobin, Michael Hsu, Kianna Musaraca, Tzong-Shiue Yu, Rachana Mishra, Steven G. Kernie, Orly Lazarov
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2017)

The molecular mechanism underlying progressive memory loss in Alzheimer's disease is poorly understood. Neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus is a dynamic process that continuously changes the dentate gyrus and is important for hippocampal plasticity, learning and memory. However, whether impairments in neurogenesis affect the hippocampal circuitry in a way that leads to memory deficits characteristic of Alzheimer's disease is unknown. Controversial results in that regard were reported in transgenic mouse models of amyloidosis.Here, we conditionally ablated adult neurogenesis in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice by crossing these with mice expressing nestin-driven thymidine kinase (δ-HSV-TK).These animals show impairment in performance in contextual conditioning and pattern separation tasks following depletion of neurogenesis. Importantly, these deficits were not observed in age-matched APPswe/PS1ΔE9 or δ-HSV-TK mice alone. Furthermore, we show that cognitive deficits were accompanied by the upregulation of hyperphosphorylated tau in the hippocampus and in immature neurons specifically. Interestingly, we observed upregulation of the immediate early gene Zif268 (Egr-1) in the dentate gyrus, CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus following learning in the neurogenesis-depleted δ-HSV-TK mice. This may suggest overactivation of hippocampal neurons in these areas following depletion of neurogenesis.These results imply that neurogenesis plays an important role in the regulation of inhibitory circuitry of the hippocampus. This study suggests that deficits in adult neurogenesis may contribute to cognitive impairments, tau hyperphosphorylation in new neurons and compromised hippocampal circuitry in Alzheimer's disease.
AB0854 The bmd change after ibandronate (BONVIVA®) treatment in osteopenic postmenopausal women
Authors: SE Park, K Choi
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Ibandronate (Bonviva®) is effective in the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. But, there were few datas about Ibandronate (Bonviva®) treatment in Korea. We evaluated the effect of Ibandronate (Bonviva®) therapy on bone mass and compared the effectivity on bone mineral density (BMD) in 1-year treatment group <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of the study is to assess the effect of 1-year treatment with Ibandronate (Bonviva®) on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis. <h3>Methods</h3> The BMD was assessed in 118 postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis from March 2007 to January 2011, 42 patents who treated with 2.5 mg per day of Ibandronate (Bonviva®) were enrolled to study. BMD of lumbar spine (L2-L4) and femur was assessed by dual energy absortiometry at baseline, 12 months after treatment. <h3>Results</h3> The annual BMD of the lumbar spine showed a 9.11% increase, while also positive changes were noted in the proximal femur as a 1.89% increase. The BMD changes were 11% (L: Lumbar spine) and 1.1% (F: Femur) for the T-scores &lt;-4.0, 6.3% (L) and 0.9% (F) for the T-scores -3.0∼-4.0, and 3.8% (L) and 0.5% (F) for the T-scores &gt;-3.0 respectively. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study suggests that Ibandronate (Bonviva®) treatment in postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoposis is effective in terms of improving BMD. <h3>References</h3> Llewellyn-Jones D. Osteoporosis. In: Burger H, Boulet M editors. A portrait of the menopause: expert reports on medical and therapeutic strategies for the 1990s. Lancs: The Parthenon Publishing Group 83–103, 1991. Kanis JA, Melton LJ III, Chistiansen C, Johnston CC, KhaltaevN. The diagnosis of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res 9:1137–1141, 1994. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Child admissions for lower respiratory tract infections fall after smoking ban
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Hospital admissions of children with lower respiratory tract infections have fallen by 18.5% since the public smoking ban and 9.8% fewer children have attended hospital for severe asthma exacerbations, research published in the Lancet Public Health shows.1

The results also showed a 3.7% reduction in preterm births after the ban’s implementation.

Researchers from the University of Edinburgh, UK, and the Erasmus University Medical Centre in the Netherlands identified studies assessing the impact of World Health Organization tobacco control policies on perinatal and child health since their introduction.

They identified 41 studies where tobacco …
CRT/CRTD後の包括的心臓リハビリテーション:栄養状態の評価とその運動耐容能との関連
Authors: Shiraishi Hirokazu, Shirayama Takeshi, Nakanishi Naohiko, Nakamura Takeshi, Yamano Tetsuhiro, Matsumuro Akiyoshi, Matoba Satoaki
Journal: Circulation (2016)
IL1RAP Antibodies Block IL1-Induced Expansion of Primitive CML Cells and Display Therapeutic Effects in Xenograft Models
Authors: Helena Ågerstam, Nils Hansen, Sofia Von Palffy, Carl Sandén, Kristian Reckzeh, Christine Karlsson, Henrik Lilljebjörn, Niklas Landberg, Maria Askmyr, Carl Högberg, Marianne Rissler, Kimmo Porkka, Hans Wadenvik, Satu Mustjoki, Johan Richter, Marcus Järås, Thoas Fioretos
Journal: Blood (2016)
Minimal Residual Disease in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Using a Difference from Normal Approach Is Predictive of Outcome
Authors: Chinmayee Kakirde, Rohan Kodgule, Goutham Raval, Sanjay Talole, Shraddha Kadechkar, Gaurav Chatterjee, Badrinath Yajamanam, Sitaram Ghoghale, Nilesh Deshpande, Pratibha Amare Kadam, Hari Menon, Manju Sengar, Navin Khattry, Hasmukh Jain, Bhausaheb Bagal, Prashant Tembhare, Sumeet Gujral, Nikhil Patkar
Journal: Blood (2016)
In vivo function of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in tumor angiogenesis
Authors: Ivy Chung, Mukund Seshadri, Wei-dong Yu, Mohamed Khan, Donald Trump, Candace Johnson
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

4625  Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from surrounding vasculature, is an integral event in tumor progression. We have shown that calcitriol (1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol), the major active form of vitamin D, is anti-proliferative for tumor cells and endothelial cells isolated from tumors. Using vitamin D receptor (VDR)-knockout mice, we demonstrated that calcitriol-mediated growth inhibition in tumor-derived endothelial cells is dependent on the expression of VDR. Here, we further show that VDR may play a major role in development of blood vessel during angiogenesis. We implanted transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP) C2 cells and Matrigel plug subcutaneously into both VDR wild type and knockout mice. In VDR KO mice, the blood vessels found in the tumor xenografts and Matrigel plugs were significantly enlarged when compared to those in VDR WT mice. Vessel lumen coverage in the tumor was approximately 1% in VDR WT mice and 25% in VDR KO mice. Similarly, vessel lumen coverage in Matrigel plugs was about 1% in VDR WT mice but was 34% in VDR KO mice. Interestingly, these observations were not found in normal organs such as heart and muscle. Contrast-enhanced MRI revealed increased vascular volume (0.2597 + 0.013) of TRAMP tumors implanted in VDR KO mice compared to WT mice (0.1618 + 0.034). Tumors implanted in VDR KO mice also showed a linear increase (r2 = 0.8661) in permeability over time compared to those in wild-types (r2 = 0.5439). Double staining of CD31 and alpha-SMA tissue sections suggests that vessels in tumor from VDR KO mice have lower pericyte coverage, which might indicate more immature vessels. Since others have shown that calcitriol can regulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) expression, we then measured these growth factor levels in tumor extracts from both VDR WT and KO mice. Using ELISA, there was significant higher VEGF but not PDGF observed in tissues from VDR KO mice. These results indicate that ablation of VDR could play a major role in vessel development and maturation in tumor angiogenesis by regulating VEGF signaling pathway. Supported by NCI grants CA67267, CA95045 and CA85142 and DOD grant PCRP050202.
ミクログリアα‐シヌクレイン凝集,活性化および神経毒性の多面的阻害のための高分子脳ナノ治療【Powered by NICT】
Authors: K Bennett Neal, Chmielowski Rebecca, S Abdelhamid Dalia, J Faig Jonathan, Francis Nicola, Baum Jean, P Pang Zhiping, E Uhrich Kathryn, V Moghe Prabhas
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)
Interaction Between Center Effect and Strategy for Graft Vs. Host Disease Prophylaxis on Outcome of T-Cell Depleted and T-Cell Replete Haploidentical Transplants, an Analysis on Behalf of ALWP-EBMT
Authors: Lucie Biard, Myriam Labopin, Annalisa Ruggeri, Fabio Ciceri, Johanna Tischer, Boris V Afanasyev, Domenico Pastore, Donald Bunjes, Gerhard Ehninger, Dietrich W. Beelen, Mohamad Mohty, Arnon Nagler, Matthieu Resche-Rigon
Journal: Blood (2016)
Influence of Irradiation-Killed Cells on Tumor Growth
Authors: Paul S. Henshaw, Henry L. Meyer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1943)

Journal Article Influence of Irradiation-Killed Cells on Tumor Growth Get access Paul S. Henshaw, Paul S. Henshaw senior radiobiologist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Henry L. Meyer Henry L. Meyer technical assistance of scientific aide National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 4, Issue 3, December 1943, Pages 305–307, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/4.3.305 Published: 01 December 1943
Truth Telling in the Setting of Cultural Differences and Incurable Pediatric Illness
Authors: Abby R. Rosenberg, Helene Starks, Yoram Unguru, Chris Feudtner, Douglas Diekema
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2017)

<h3>Importance</h3> Navigating requests from parents or family caregivers not to disclose poor prognosis to seriously ill children can be challenging, especially when the requests seem culturally mediated. Pediatric clinicians must balance obligations to respect individual patient autonomy, professional truth telling, and tolerance of multicultural values. <h3>Observations</h3> To provide suggestions for respectful and ethically appropriate responses to nondisclosure requests, we used a hypothetical case example of a Middle Eastern adolescent patient with incurable cancer and conducted an ethical analysis incorporating (1) evidence from both Western and Middle Eastern medical literature and (2) theories of cultural relativism and justice. While Western medical literature tends to prioritize patient autonomy and corresponding truth telling, the weight of evidence from the Middle East suggests high variability between and within individual countries, patient-physician relationships, and families regarding truth-telling practices and preferences. A common reason for nondisclosure in both populations is protecting the child from distressing information. Cultural relativism fosters tolerance of diverse beliefs and behaviors by forbidding judgment on foreign societal codes of conduct. It does not justify assumptions that all individuals within a single culture share the same values, nor does it demand that clinicians sacrifice their own codes of conduct out of cultural respect. We suggest some phrases that may help clinicians explore motivations behind nondisclosure requests and gently confront conflict in order to serve the patient's best interest. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> It is sometimes ethically permissible to defer to family values regarding nondisclosure, but such deferral is not unique to cultural differences. Early setting of expectations and boundaries, as well as ongoing exploration of family and health care professional concerns, may mitigate conflict.
PTU-092 An integrated primary and secondary care algorithm for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease significantly increases community screening for hepatitis b and c infection
Authors: K Bicknell, K Fancey, K Gamble, J Dowman, A Fowell, R Aspinall
Journal: Gut (2017)

Introduction  A key public health strategy is to increase screening for chronic viral hepatitis. However, rates of testing for Hepatitis B and C in primary care remain low. Given that chronic viral hepatitis may present with an abnormal ALT or hepatic steatosis on imaging, we hypothesised that this population may be a suitable target for increased screening. In 2014, we introduced an integrated pathway for the initial management of suspected non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in primary care which included hepatitis B and C testing at the point of entry. We examined the impact on screening for viral hepatitis in a catchment population of over 6 00 000.  Method  Adults with either a raised ALT or fatty liver on imaging were screened for alcohol misuse and tested for Hepatitis B and C before calculation of a NAFLD Fibrosis Score (NFS). The Virology database APEX, was interrogated for all tests for HBsAg, HBcAb and anti-HCV from primary care between 1 st November 2011 and 31 st October 2016. As a “control” for blood borne virus testing, HIV serology from the same locations and time period were also analysed. Data were scrutinised for number of tests per month pre and post implementation, the number of new diagnoses and the number of those diagnoses attributable to the NAFLD pathway.  Results  During the baseline period between November 2011 and April 2014, there were a mean of 173 HBsAg and 139 anti-HCV tests per month from primary care. Following the introduction of the NAFLD pathway, there was a highly significant increase in mean monthly testing to 295 HBsAg and 250 anti-HCV tests per month between May 2014 and October 2016 (p  Conclusion  We demonstrated a significant increase in testing for chronic viral hepatitis in primary care following the implementation of a NAFLD risk assessment pathway. The number of tests per month and number of requests related to NAFLD remained stable for the past 18 months, suggesting the pathway is now integrated into routine primary care practice. The NAFLD pathway represents a potential method to improve detection of chronic Hepatitis B and C infection in the community and we suggest that a similar approach in other CCGs could have additional impact in areas of higher prevalence of hepatitis B and C.  Disclosure of Interest  K Bicknell: None Declared, K Fancey: None Declared, K Gamble: None Declared, J Dowman: None Declared, A Fowell: None Declared, R Aspinall Conflict with: AbbVie, Gilead, MSD, Norgine, Falk
Evidence industry needs more humility and perspective on its role
Authors: Simon Cockill
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Heneghan and colleagues’ article made me wonder whether the “evidence industry” has overheated.1 Guidance is good but to feel controlled undermines doctors’ autonomy and authority. Being a doctor is more than beating Google to proclaim the evidence.

Evidence should be right first time. After 25 years I find that antibiotics can once again be taken with the pill, and I have a suspicion that low fat diets are being replaced …
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) increases the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) while effective HCV treatment decreases the incidence of CKD
Authors: Haesuk Park, Chao Chen, Wei Wang, Linda Henry, Robert L. Cook, David R. Nelson
Journal: Hepatology (2017)

We assessed the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected patients and the incidence reduction of CKD after receipt of HCV treatment. We also evaluated the risk of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and cryoglobulinemia in chronic HCV patients. A retrospective cohort analysis of the Truven Health MarketScan Database (2008‐2015) in the United States was conducted. In a cohort of 56,448 HCV‐infected patients and 169,344 propensity score (1:3)–matched non‐HCV patients, we examined the association of HCV infection with the incidence of CKD. Of 55,818 HCV patients, 6.6 % (n = 3666), 6.3% (n = 3534), and 8.3% (n = 4628) patients received either interferon‐based dual, triple, or all‐oral direct acting antiviral agent therapy, respectively, whereas 79% of patients did not receive any HCV treatment. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the risk of developing CKD in HCV patients compared with non‐HCV patients and treated patients compared with untreated HCV patients. In a multivariate time‐varying Cox regression model, HCV‐infected patients had a 27% increased risk of CKD compared with non‐HCV patients (hazard ratio [HR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18‐1.37). Among HCV patients, individuals who received the minimally effective HCV treatment for dual, triple, or all‐oral therapy had a 30% decreased risk of developing CKD (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.55‐0.88). In addition, HCV‐infected patients experienced a twofold and a nearly 17‐fold higher risk of MPGN (HR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.84‐2.71) and cryoglobulinemia (HR, 16.91; 95% CI, 12.00‐23.81) respectively, compared with non‐HCV patients. Conclusion: HCV‐infected individuals in the United States are at greater risk of developing CKD, MPGN, and cryoglobulinemia. Minimally effective treatment of HCV infection can prevent the development of CKD, although the association was not significant for all‐oral therapy. (H epatology 2018;67:492‐504).
Real-World Clinical and Economic Burden of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Among a Large US Commercially Insured Populationhematopoietic CELL Transplantation Among a Large US Commercially Insured Population
Authors: Neil C Josephson, Phillip M. Garfin, Akshara Richhariya, Machaon Bonafede, McMorrow Donna, Qian Cai, Miguel Perales
Journal: Blood (2016)
Cu~2+の高感度イメージングと有効捕獲:アルツハイマー病の非常に効率的なセラノスティクスに向けて【Powered by NICT】
Authors: Cui Zhaowen, Bu Wenbo, Fan Wenpei, Zhang Jiawen, Ni Dalong, Liu Yanyan, Wang Jing, Liu Jianan, Yao Zhenwei, Shi Jianlin
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)
Clinical and Biological Features of Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Primary Induction Failure in the Japanese Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group (JPLSG) AML-05 Study
Authors: Takako Miyamura, Shiro Tanaka, Hideki Nakayama, Hiroshi Moritake, Daisuke Tomizawa, Akiko M. Saito, Akio Tawa, Shotaro Iwamoto, Akira Shimada, Kiminori Terui, Tsuyoshi Morimoto, Yasuhide Hayashi, Keizo Horibe, Shuki Mizutani, Takashi Taga, Souichi Adachi
Journal: Blood (2016)
Pre-Emptive Therapy with IFN-α-2b for Acute Leukemia Patients with High Risk of Relapsing Tendency Post Allo-HSCT
Authors: XiaoWen Tang, Xiaoji Lin, Aijing Wang, Feng Chen, Xiao Ma, Aining Sun, Xiaming Zhu, Huiying Qiu, Zhengming Jin, Shengli Xue, Depei Wu
Journal: Blood (2016)