tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A review of misnomers and misconceptions in concussion biomechanics
Authors: Declan A Patton, Andrew S McIntosh, Svein Kleiven
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Objective To identify potentially-misleading terms and concepts in concussion biomechanics. Design Literature review. Setting N/A. Participants N/A. Intervention N/A. Outcome measures Media articles and scientific literature describing potentially-misleading terms and concepts in concussion biomechanics. Main results Potentially-misleading terms and concepts in concussion biomechanics were identified in media articles, clinical textbooks and some scientific articles. One such misconception is that during a concussion the brain ‘sloshes’ and slams into the skull. The brain, which has very high water content, is nearly incompressible and is tethered to an almost rigid cranial cavity. Therefore, the brain resists separation from the skull during radial impacts; however, there is little resistance to shear during oblique impacts, which results in brain tissue deformations. Another potentially-misleading concept is that the mass of headgear increases the angular acceleration of the head during an impact. Such a concept is incorrect as the mass of the headgear increases the moment of inertia of the head and, therefore, decreases the tendency of the head to rotate. Lastly, the term ‘sub-concussion’ originally referred to animal model head impacts not resulting in loss-of-consciousness. However, ‘sub-concussion’ is currently used to refer to any head impact not resulting in concussion, e.g. head accelerations experienced by a soccer player when heading a ball. A biomechanical threshold for concussion has yet to be identified; therefore, careful use of the term ‘sub-concussion’ is suggested. Conclusions Potentially- misleading terms and concepts in concussion biomechanics have the potential to misinform and confound attempts to further the understanding of concussion. Competing interests None.
Application of postoperative radiotherapy with S-1 chemotherapy in locally advanced gallbladder cancer.
Authors: Meng Yan, Yang Liang, Wang Bin, Ye Yunfei, Zhou Haihua
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e15200 Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of postoperative radiotherapy with S-1 chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced gallbladder cancer. Methods: One hundred and three patients with advanced gallbladder cancer in Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital from Jun., 2009 to Dec., 2012 underwent surgical resection followed by adjuvant therapy of intensity modulation radiated therapy (IMRT), in which 44 cases received concurrent S-1 chemotherapy. A retrospective analysis was performed for prognostic factors. Overall survival (OS) and median survival between IMRT group and IMRT+S-1 group of different pathological stages were compared, and the incidence of adverse reactions was observed. Results: The pathological staging and S-1 chemotherapy were associated with the survival of patients with locally advanced gallbladder cancer and undergoing postoperative radiotherapy. The median survival of IMRT group and IMRT+S-1 group was 10.2 and 12.7 months, respectively (p = 0.123). In the subgroup analysis, the median survival of IMRT+S-1 group and IMRT group was 23.9 and 11.2 months in stage IIIa, 15.3 and 11.1 months in stage IIIb, 14.0 and 9.7 months in stage IVa, 9.5 and 6.5 months in stage IVb (p = 0.872, 0.548, 0.025, 0.479). The major adverse reactions of patients with postoperative radiotherapy included nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain. In IMRT group, there were 4 patients with grade 3 bone marrow depression (BMD), 1 with grade 3 digestive tract bleeding and 1with radiation-induced liver disease (RILD); in IMRT+S-1 group, there were 9 patients with grade 3 BMD and 1 with grade 3 digestive tract bleeding. After symptomatic and supportive treatment, most patients completed the therapy successfully. Conclusions: S-1 chemotherapy cannot improve the OS of patients with gallbladder cancer undergoing postoperative radiotherapy, but it brings a significant survival benefit for those in stage IVa. S-1 chemotherapy may have a potential survival benefit for the patients in other stages after operation, without increased incidence of adverse reactions.
Chondroitin sulfate seems as effective for knee osteoarthritis as widely used celecoxib
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Pharmaceutical grade chondroitin sulfate is as effective as the widely prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) celecoxib (Celebrex) for treating painful knee osteoarthritis, suggests research published online in the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases .1

As long term use of high dose NSAIDs/paracetamol is known to be associated with frequent and serious side effects, the researchers have called for chondroitin sulfate to be used for long term treatment of osteoarthritis, particularly in older people.

The study included 604 patients from five European countries who had symptomatic knee osteoarthritis and were randomly assigned to one of three daily treatments and then monitored for …
miR-491 Inhibits Osteosarcoma Lung Metastasis and Chemoresistance by Targeting αB-crystallin
Authors: Shu-Nan Wang, Song Luo, Chang Liu, Zhenghao Piao, Wenlong Gou, Yun Wang, Wei Guan, Qing Li, Hua Zou, Zhen-Zhou Yang, Dong Wang, Yan Wang, Meng Xu, Hua Jin, Cheng-Xiong Xu
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2017)

Dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in osteosarcoma (OS) progression. In the present study, we investigate the clinical significance of serum miR-491 level and the potential role of miR-491 in OS lung metastasis and chemoresistance. Clinical data show that the level of miR-491 was decreased in serum from OS patients compared with healthy control subjects, and that a decreased serum miR-491 level is correlated with increased metastasis, poor chemoresponse, and lower survival rate in OS patients. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that overexpression of miR-491 suppresses OS cell lung metastasis, whereas it enhances cisplatin (CDDP)-induced tumor growth inhibition and apoptosis. In contrast, inhibition of miR-491 stimulates OS cell lung metastasis and suppresses CDDP-induced tumor growth inhibition and apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that miR-491 exerts its role by directly targeting αB-crystallin (CRYAB) in OS. Our findings suggest that serum level of miR-491 has potential as a biomarker for predicting OS progression and prognosis of OS patients. Additionally, restoration of miR-491 may be a novel strategy for inhibiting OS lung metastasis and overcoming OS cell resistance to chemotherapy. Dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in osteosarcoma (OS) progression. In the present study, we investigate the clinical significance of serum miR-491 level and the potential role of miR-491 in OS lung metastasis and chemoresistance. Clinical data show that the level of miR-491 was decreased in serum from OS patients compared with healthy control subjects, and that a decreased serum miR-491 level is correlated with increased metastasis, poor chemoresponse, and lower survival rate in OS patients. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that overexpression of miR-491 suppresses OS cell lung metastasis, whereas it enhances cisplatin (CDDP)-induced tumor growth inhibition and apoptosis. In contrast, inhibition of miR-491 stimulates OS cell lung metastasis and suppresses CDDP-induced tumor growth inhibition and apoptosis. Furthermore, we demonstrate that miR-491 exerts its role by directly targeting αB-crystallin (CRYAB) in OS. Our findings suggest that serum level of miR-491 has potential as a biomarker for predicting OS progression and prognosis of OS patients. Additionally, restoration of miR-491 may be a novel strategy for inhibiting OS lung metastasis and overcoming OS cell resistance to chemotherapy.
Three Zika cases are found in India after random tests
Authors: Sophie Cousins
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Three cases of the mosquito-borne Zika virus have been confirmed in the western Indian state of Gujarat, the World Health Organization has said, adding that efforts should be made to strengthen surveillance.

The cases, which included a 34 year old woman who had just given birth and a pregnant 22 year old, were detected during random testing from November 2016 to February this year in Gujarat’s capital city, Ahmedabad. None of the patients had travelled …
Claims Data to Ascertain Clinical Events
Authors: Gregg C. Fonarow, Clyde W. Yancy
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2017)

Patricia O. Guimarães, MD; Arun Krishnamoorthy, MD; Lisa A. Kaltenbach, MS; Kevin J. Anstrom, PhD; Mark B. Effron, MD; Daniel B. Mark, MD, MPH; Patrick L. McCollam, PharmD; Linda Davidson-Ray, MA; Eric D. Peterson, MD, MPH; Tracy Y. Wang, MD, MHS, MSc
Phase IB study of an all-oral chemotherapy regimen, tesetaxel plus capecitabine, in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Authors: Michael Gary Martin, Beverly B. Fryar, Hassan Danesi, Lee Steven Schwartzberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

3085 Background: Tesetaxel is a novel oral taxane that is not a substrate for P-glycoprotein, does not cause hypersensitivity, and may cause less neurotoxicity. The anticancer activity of tesetaxel exceeds other taxanes in various cell lines and xenografts. Phase II studies showed overall response rates [ORRs] of 50% and 38% in patients (pts) treated for 1 st - and 2 nd -line breast cancer, respectively, and 20% in pts with 2 nd -line gastric cancer. Neutropenia was dose-limiting, and the maximally tolerated dose (MTD) was 27 mg/m 2 once every 3 weeks. Capecitabine, an oral fluoropyrimidine, is commonly used for treatment of breast and gastric cancer. While the approved capecitabine dose is 2500 mg/m 2 /day x 14 days, most pts are unable to sustain treatment at this dose due to hand-foot syndrome (HFS). A prior PK study suggested that short courses of tesetaxel could be combined with capecitabine at the recommended MTDs of both drugs with non-overlapping adverse events (AEs) (Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 68:1565, 2011). We conducted a phase IB study of the tesetaxel/capecitabine regimen in pts using lower doses of capecitabine to confirm a tolerable combination dose for extended treatment. Methods: Eligibility included: solid tumor treated with ≤ 1 line of chemotherapy; no prior taxane exposure; adequate organ function; ECOG PS ≤ 1. Pts received tesetaxel 27 mg/m 2 on Day 1 and capecitabine 1500-2000 mg/m 2 /day (in divided doses on Days 1-14) every 3 weeks. Results: To date, 10 pts have been treated. AEs were largely Grade 1-2 (83%) and consistent with those for each drug as a single agent. Grade 3-4 neutropenia occurred in 3 pts (30%) and HFS in 4 (40%). Tesetaxel dose reduction was required in 1 pt for neutropenia; capecitabine dose reduction was required in 3 pts (30%) (2 for hand-foot syndrome, 1 for diarrhea). Comprehensive toxicity data will be presented. Conclusions: This combination of all-oral chemotherapy is generally well-tolerated, although lower than maximally approved doses of capecitabine are required, similar to other regimens that employ this agent. AEs are largely non-overlapping, which suggests this combination may be clinically useful in pts with advanced breast and gastric cancer.
Multidisciplinary Research of Meningococcal Invasive Disease(MID) in the Czech Republic
Authors: E. Kasal, V. Struncova, P. Krizova, I. Chytra, I. Martinkova, I. Subrt, O. Dzupova, V. Dostal, L. Roznovsky, Tomáš Habanec, Pavel Chalupa, D. Barnetova, L. Nalos
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2004)
A Methyl-Balanced Diet Prevents CRF-Induced Prenatal Stress-Triggered Predisposition to Binge Eating-like Phenotype
Authors: Mariana Schroeder, Mira Jakovcevski, Tamar Polacheck, Maya Lebow, Yonat Drori, Mareen Engel, Shifra Ben-Dor, Alon Chen
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2017)
MEDU-41. MANAGEMENT OF MEDULLOBLASTOMA PATIENTS IN PRAGUE PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY CENTER
Authors: David Sumerauer, Sona Cyprova, Michal Zapotocky, Josef Zamecnik, Martin Kyncl, Bela Malinova, Barbora Ondrova, Michal Tichy, Jan Stary
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to evaluate outcome and pattern of failure in patients with newly diagnosed medulloblastoma treated at the Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology in Prague, Czech Republic between 2000–2015. METHODS: Demographics, treatment and survival data were collected in 94 consecutive patients (34 F, 60 M) with histologicaly proven medulloblastoma. Median patient age at the time of diagnosis was 8.43 (0.29 - 17.6) years. Two patients were lost to follow up. Altogether 92 patients were evaluable, Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to determine survival. Two out of 16 infants (5 metastatic) deceased before the start of any treatment, 14 were treated with chemotherapy only. Older patients (n=75) were treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, 44 as a standard risk (SR) and 31 as high risk (HR) group (14 metastatic). One patient with biallelic BRCA2/FANCD1 mutation underwent individualized treatment. RESULTS: The 5-year PFS and OS of all 92 analyzed patients were 66.8% and 72.3%. Survival was higher in older children treated with radiotherapy with 5-year PFS and OS 75.9% and 76.9% respectively. 5-year OS in SR treatment group was 83.0%, in HR group 67.9%. Overall 23 patients have died from all causes. Strikingly, the incidence of secondary malignancies reached 9% (n=9 in 8 patients) and were responsible for 4 deaths. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of medulloblastoma patients is good with over 70% surviving 5 years from the diagnosis with current therapies. Worrisome is a number of SMN. “Supported by the “Project for Conceptual Development of Research Organization 00064203”
Switching to biologics before triple therapy is not cost effective in rheumatoid arthritis, study finds
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2017)

If treatment with methotrexate alone has failed in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis their doctor should prescribe triple therapy rather than expensive biological drugs, researchers say in the Annals of Internal Medicine .1

A cost effectiveness analysis found that stepping up to biological treatment when methotrexate monotherapy fails increases costs and offers only minimal benefit …
Abstract 14785: Endogenous Annexin-A1 Regulates Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization Post Myocardial Infarction in Mice in vivo
Authors: Chengxue Qin, Siobhan Finlayson, Annas AI-Sharea, Sarah Rosli, Miles J De Blasio, Colleen J Thomas, Helen Kiriazis, Yuan H Yang, Eric F Morand, Andrew J Murphy, Xiao-Jun Du, Xiaoming Gao, Rebecca H Ritchie
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Endogenous anti-inflammatory annexin-A1 (ANX-A1) plays an important protective role in preserving left ventricular (LV) viability and function after ischemic insults in vitro but its ...
Outcomes after sport-related concussion: does socioeconomic status matter?
Authors: Scott L Zuckerman, Andrew W Kuhn, Aaron M Yengo-Kahn, Brian Holt Zalneraitis, Gary S Solomon, Allen K Sills
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Objective To determine the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on outcomes after sport-related concussion (SRC) in a regional sports concussion centre. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Comprehensive sports concussion centre. Participants 282 youth, high school, and collegiate student-athletes. Intervention All patients seen at a comprehensive sports concussion centre were contacted after their injury for in-depth telephone interviews. Subsequent demographic data was also collected. Outcome measures SES was defined based on six variables: cost of living percentile, median income percentile, % college graduates, % homeowners, county type, and insurance. Outcomes after SRC were defined as the following three variables: days of symptom duration, days of missed school, and days of missed practice. Main results A total of 282 student-athletes were studied. The median age was 15.8 years (range 11.6–22.2). American football was the most common sport (32.2%). After multivariate cox-regression analysis, no relationship between SES and symptom duration or missed practice was seen. For the outcome of missed school, insurance status had a significant relationship, where those with private insurance had fewer missed days of school than those with public insurance (HR 0.46, 95% CI: 0.26–0.83, p=0.009). Conclusions In a regional cohort of youth, high school and collegiate student-athletes, SES had largely no impact on the outcomes of symptom duration, missed school, and missed practice. The only significant relationship was that those with private insurance returned to school quicker than those with public insurance, which may represent increased access to rehabilitation resources after SRC. Competing interests None. GS Solomon receives consulting fees from the Tennessee Titans (NFL), the Nashville Predators (NHL), and the athletic departments of several universities, all fees paid to institution. In addition he is a member of the ImPACT Scientific Advisory Board and receives reimbursement for expenses to board meetings. AK Sills is a consulting physician to the Nashville Predators (uncompensated) and also serves as an unaffiliated neurotrauma consultant for the NFL.
Extracranial Carotid Disease and Effect of Intra-arterial Treatment in Patients With Proximal Anterior Circulation Stroke in MR CLEAN
Authors: Olvert A. Berkhemer, Jordi Borst, Manon Kappelhof, Albert J. Yoo, Lucie A. van den Berg, Puck S.S. Fransen, Debbie Beumer, Wouter J. Schonewille, Paul J. Nederkoorn, Marieke J.H. Wermer, Henk A. Marquering, Hester F. Lingsma, Yvo B.W.E.M. Roos, Robert J. van Oostenbrugge, Diederik W.J. Dippel, Wim H. van Zwam, Charles B.L.M. Majoie, Bart J. Emmer, Aad van der Lugt
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2017)

Background: The presence of extracranial carotid disease (ECD) is associated with less favorable clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by intracranial proximal occlusion. Acute intra-arterial treatment (IAT) in the setting of extracranial and intracranial lesions is considered challenging, and whether it yields improved outcomes remains uncertain. Objective: To examine whether the presence of ECD modified the effect of IAT for intracranial proximal anterior circulation occlusion. Design: Prespecified subgroup analysis of a randomized clinical trial of endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke in the Netherlands. (Trial registrations: NTR1804 [Netherlands Trial Register] and ISRCTN10888758) Setting: 16 hospitals in the Netherlands. Patients: Acute ischemic stroke caused by proximal intracranial arterial occlusion of the anterior circulation. Extracranial carotid disease was defined as cervical internal carotid artery stenosis (>50%) or occlusion. Intervention: IAT treatment versus no IAT. Measurements: The primary outcome was functional outcome, as measured by the modified Rankin Scale at 90 days and reported as adjusted common odds ratio (acOR) for a shift in direction of a better outcome. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis with an interaction term was used to estimate treatment effect modification by ECD. Results: The overall acOR was 1.67 (95% CI, 1.21 to 2.30) in favor of the intervention. The acOR was 3.1 (CI, 1.7 to 5.8) in the prespecified subgroup of patients with ECD versus 1.3 (CI, 0.9 to 1.9) in patients presenting without ECD. Both acORs are in favor of the intervention (P for interaction = 0.07). Limitation: The study was not powered for subgroup analysis. Conclusion: Intra-arterial treatment may be at least as effective in patients with ECD as in those without ECD, and it should not be withheld in these complex patients with acute ischemic stroke. Primary Funding Source: Dutch Heart Foundation, AngioCare BV, Medtronic/Covidien/EV3, MEDAC Gmbh/LAMEPRO, Penumbra, Stryker, and Top Medical/Concentric.
Fifteen new risk loci for coronary artery disease highlight arterial-wall-specific mechanisms
Authors: Joanna M M Howson, Wei Zhao, Daniel R Barnes, Weang-Kee Ho, Robin Young, Dirk S Paul, Lindsay L Waite, Daniel F Freitag, Eric B Fauman, Elias L Salfati, Benjamin B Sun, John D Eicher, Andrew D Johnson, Wayne H H Sheu, Sune F Nielsen, Wei-Yu Lin, Praveen Surendran, Anders Malarstig, Jemma B Wilk, Anne Tybjærg-Hansen, Katrine L Rasmussen, Pia R Kamstrup, Panos Deloukas, Jeanette Erdmann, Sekar Kathiresan, Nilesh J Samani, Heribert Schunkert, Hugh Watkins, Ron Do, Daniel J Rader, Julie A Johnson, Stanley L Hazen, Arshed A Quyyumi, John A Spertus, Carl J Pepine, Nora Franceschini, Anne Justice, Alex P Reiner, Steven Buyske, Lucia A Hindorff, Cara L Carty, Kari E North, Charles Kooperberg, Eric Boerwinkle, Kristin Young, Mariaelisa Graff, Ulrike Peters, Devin Absher, Chao A Hsiung, Wen-Jane Lee, Kent D Taylor, Ying-Hsiang Chen, I-Te Lee, Xiuqing Guo, Ren-Hua Chung, Yi-Jen Hung, Jerome I Rotter, Jyh-Ming J Juang, Thomas Quertermous, Tzung-Dau Wang, Asif Rasheed, Philippe Frossard, Dewan S Alam, Abdulla al Shafi Majumder, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Rajiv Chowdhury, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Børge G Nordestgaard, Themistocles L Assimes, John Danesh, Adam S Butterworth, Danish Saleheen
Journal: Nature Genetics (2017)
Realism in Simulation
Authors: Douglas S. Smink, Steven J. Yule, Stanley W. Ashley
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2017)

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