tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
An Ethical Debate: Commentary: Too blunt an instrument?
Authors: I. Heath
Journal: BMJ (1996)

Many ordinary family doctors reading this distressing account will feel a surge of relief that our uneasiness in this quintessential lose-lose situation is being aired at last. I am grateful for the candour of the writer, who knows how rarely the outcome of these interventions seems adequate.

The stories of our adult patients remind us repeatedly of the disturbing prevalence and the damaging legacy of the sexual abuse of children. We are obliged to do all we can to protect children from this kind of damage, and to this end there is an incontrovertible requirement for doctors to work in close cooperation with other agencies. However, serious abuse of a child demands two responses from society: physical and …
WW domain-binding protein 2: an adaptor protein closely linked to the development of breast cancer
Authors: Shuai Chen, Han Wang, Yu-Fan Huang, Ming-Li Li, Jiang-Hong Cheng, Peng Hu, Chuan-Hui Lu, Ya Zhang, Na Liu, Chi-Meng Tzeng, Zhi-Ming Zhang
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2017)

The WW domain is composed of 38 to 40 semi-conserved amino acids shared with structural, regulatory, and signaling proteins. WW domain-binding protein 2 (WBP2), as a binding partner of WW domain protein, interacts with several WW-domain-containing proteins, such as Yes kinase-associated protein (Yap), paired box gene 8 (Pax8), WW-domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 (TAZ), and WW-domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) through its PPxY motifs within C-terminal region, and further triggers the downstream signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Studies have confirmed that phosphorylated form of WBP2 can move into nuclei and activate the transcription of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), whose expression were the indicators of breast cancer development, indicating that WBP2 may participate in the progression of breast cancer. Both overexpression of WBP2 and activation of tyrosine phosphorylation upregulate the signal cascades in the cross-regulation of the Wnt and ER signaling pathways in breast cancer. Following the binding of WBP2 to the WW domain region of TAZ which can accelerate migration, invasion and is required for the transformed phenotypes of breast cancer cells, the transformation of epithelial to mesenchymal of MCF10A is activated, suggesting that WBP2 is a key player in regulating cell migration. When WBP2 binds with WWOX, a tumor suppressor, ER transactivation and tumor growth can be suppressed. Thus, WBP2 may serve as a molecular on/off switch that controls the crosstalk between E2, WWOX, Wnt, TAZ, and other oncogenic signaling pathways. This review interprets the relationship between WBP2 and breast cancer, and provides comprehensive views about the function of WBP2 in the regulation of the pathogenesis of breast cancer and endocrine therapy in breast cancer treatment.
Expanding the Spectrum of Colonic Manifestations in Tuberous Sclerosis: L-Cell Neuroendocrine Tumor Arising in the Background of Rectal PEComa
Authors: David L. Kolin, Kai Duan, Bo Ngan, J. Ted Gerstle, Monika K. Krzyzanowska, Gino R. Somers, Ozgur Mete
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2017)
The risk of inflammatory bowel disease flares after fecal microbiota transplantation: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Taha Qazi, Thelina Amaratunga, Edward L. Barnes, Monika Fischer, Zain Kassam, Jessica R. Allegretti
Journal: Gut Microbes (2017)

Several studies have suggested worsening in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity following fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). We aimed to assess the risk of worsening in IBD activity following FMT. An electronic search was conducted using MEDLINE (1946-June 2016), EMBASE (1954-June 2016) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (2016). Studies in which FMT was provided to IBD patients for IBD management or (Clostridium difficile infection) CDI treatment were included. The primary outcome was the rate of worsening in IBD activity.Twenty-nine studies with 514 FMT-treated IBD patients were included. Range of follow up was 4 weeks to 3 y. The pooled rate of IBD worsening was 14.9% (95% CI 10-21%). Heterogeneity was detected: I2 D 52.1%, Cochran Q test D 58.1, p D 0.01. A priori subgroup analyses were performed. Although not significant, the pooled rate of worsening in IBD activity following FMT for CDI (22.7% (95% CI: 13-36%)) was higher compared with FMT for IBD (11.1% (95% CI 7-17%)). Rates of worsening in IBD after lower GI FMT delivery revealed a higher rate of worsening in IBD activity (16.5% (95% CI: 11-24%)) compared with upper GI delivery (5.6% (95% CI: 2-16%)). Rates of worsening in high quality studies and randomized controls trials (RCTS) suggested a marginal risk of worsening in IBD activity (4.6%, (95% CI: 1.8-11%). Rates of IBD worsening are overall marginal across high quality RCTS. It is unknown if the FMT itself led to the worsening of IBD in this small fraction or if this represents alternative etiologies.
Alcohol intake and risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer: a systematic review and dose–response meta‐analysis
Authors: H. Yen, A. Dhana, J.‐P. Okhovat, A. Qureshi, N. Keum, E. Cho
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2017)

Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) comprises mainly basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). The association between alcohol intake and NMSC has been inconclusive; therefore the objective of this study is to quantify the relationship between alcohol intake and NMSC using meta‐analyses. A systematic literature search of PubMed and Embase was performed on 30 October 2016. Eligible articles were case–control or cohort studies that examined alcohol intake and risk of BCC or cSCC and reported relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Of the 307 articles identified, 13 case–control and cohort studies were included in the systematic review, including 95 241 NMSC cases (91 942 BCC and 3299 cSCC cases). A random‐effects model was used to obtain summary RRs and 95% CIs for dose–response meta‐analyses. For every 10‐gram increase in ethanol intake per day, a positive association was found for both BCC (summary RR of 1·07; 95% CI 1·04–1·09) and cSCC (summary RR of 1·11; 95% CI 1·06–1·16). While there was evidence suggesting a nonlinear association for BCC, it may be due to the sparse data at higher alcohol intake levels. This meta‐analysis found evidence that alcohol drinking is positively associated with both BCC and cSCC risk in a dose‐dependent manner. These results should be interpreted with caution due to potential residual confounding. Nonetheless, because alcohol drinking is a prevalent and modifiable behaviour, it could serve as an important public health target to reduce the global health burden of NMSC.
New perspectives regarding the antiviral effect of vitamin A on norovirus using modulation of gut microbiota
Authors: Heetae Lee, GwangPyo Ko
Journal: Gut Microbes (2017)

Gut microbiota has been revealed to play an important role in various health conditions, and recent studies have suggested the modulation of gut microbiota as a therapeutic strategy. There is no effective treatment of norovirus infection, though vitamin A has been suggested to have an antiviral effect in an epidemiological study. We demonstrated that vitamin A significantly inhibited murine norovirus replication. Vitamin A supplementation significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus sp. during norovirus infection, which played a crucial role in antiviral efficacy, inhibiting murine norovirus. Therefore, we elaborated the antiviral effect of vitamin A via modulation of gut microbiota. Furthermore, we suggest a novel strategy, using potential probiotics, as having a protective and therapeutic effect on noroviral infection.
Deep Brain Stimulation for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Sina Kohl, Jens Kuhn
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis of the impact of thrombocytosis (?plts) on overall survival (OS) whilst using an intermittent chemotherapy (iCTx) strategy in advanced colorectal cancer (aCRC).
Authors: Richard Adams, Kaitlyn Goey, Benoist Chibaudel, Miriam Koopman, Cornelis J. A. Punt, Dirk Arnold, Axel Hinke, Susanna Hegewisch-Becker, Aimery De Gramont, Roberto Labianca, Kjell Magne Tveit, Harpreet Singh Wasan, Eduardo Diaz-Rubio, Richard S. Kaplan, Tim Maughan, Louise C Brown, David Fisher
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e15044 Background: iCTx in pts with aCRC offers potential for improvement in QoL. The COIN trial is the largest study to compare iCTx v. continuous strategies in aCRC, a pre-specified subgroup analysis of 16 baseline factors was undertaken among pts with stable or responding disease after 3 mths of first-line therapy to see if the relative treatment effect differed by subgroup. Baseline ⇡plts alone identified a group of pts with significantly worse OS when an iCTx strategy was applied. Here we seek to validate this finding in other intermittent strategy trials. Methods: Published RCTs of iCTx in aCRC were identified via literature review. Eligible trials could allow one or more re-introductions of “full” initial regimen either upon progression or after a set period of time. Outcome and platelet data were requested and collated into a central database. The COIN trial was declared the discovery dataset and other eligible trials the validating datasets. Two co-primary hypotheses were agreed based upon the COIN trial results: Hypothesis 1: In pts with baseline ⇡plts, any planned complete stop of all therapyis detrimental to OS when compared to any maintenance strategy. Hypothesis 2: In pts with baseline ⇡plts, any planned stop of oxaliplatin(Ox) therapy is detrimental to OS when compared to any equivalent strategy where Ox is maintained. Unadjusted IPD meta-analysis was performed according to a pre-specified statistical plan. Results: All trials had broadly similar inclusion criteria . Incidence of ⇡plts range 17-32%. ⇡plts was a poor prognostic marker. Combining IPD from all trials, iCTx was not detrimental to OS. Hypothesis 1 included AIO-0207, CAIRO3, COIN B, OPTIMOX 2 and GISCAD with 1622 pts, HR for interaction of ⇡plts with treatment strategy 0.97 (0.66-1.40), p = 0.78. Hypothesis 2 included TTD MACRO, NORDIC VII and OPTIMOX I, with 1268 pts, HR for interaction 1.36 (0.71-2.62), p = 0.18. Conclusions: These IPD meta-analyses do not validate COIN trial findings that showed reduced OS in pts with baseline ⇡plts who are given a planned treatment break. Sensitivity analyses will be presented, including impact of RAS mut status.
Impact of Melphalan-Based Chemotherapy on Stem Cell Collection in Patients with Light Chain Amyloidosis
Authors: Surbhi Sidana, Nidhi Tandon, Angela Dispenzieri, Morie A. Gertz, Francis K Buadi, Martha Q. Lacy, David Dingli, Amie Fonder, Suzanne R. Hayman, Miriam Hobbs, Wilson I Gonsalves, Yi L. Hwa, Prashant Kapoor, Robert A. Kyle, Nelson Leung, Ronald S. Go, John A Lust, Stephen J. Russell, Steven R. Zeldenrust, S. Vincent Rajkumar, Shaji Kumar
Journal: Blood (2016)
Predictors of compliance in colposcopy clinic follow-up among the uninsured
Authors: L. Wenzel, D. Chase, J. Hawk, K. Osann, K. Tewari
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e20511 Background: Despite successful screening programs for cervical cancer, ethnic disparities persist. The no-show rate for follow-up appointments after HPV-related abnormal pap smears approximates 50% in high risk populations. We sought to identify factors that may influence follow-up compliance in a multi-ethnic, low income population at risk for cervical cancer. Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted by chart review for all patients identified as having had a colposcopy exam for HPV-associated cervical dysplasia at a southern California inner city clinic from 2006 to 2007. Compliance was defined as obtaining a pap smear within 3 to 14 months from the initial colposcopy. The following variables were evaluated in a multivariate logistic regression model to identify factors which predicted follow-up compliance: race, age, preferred language, insurance, income, marital status, cytology, histology, history of a LLETZ, and pregnancy status. Results: During the study period, 438 patients attended the colposcopy clinic. This approximates 52% of the 912 scheduled clinic appointments during 2006. Patients’ median age was 28 years, 41% were Spanish speaking, with an estimated median income of less than $20,000 for half of the sample. Approximately 71% of patients had temporary publically-funded insurance. Only 55% (239/438) returned for recommended follow-up pap smear. In univariate and multivariate analysis, neither language, Spanish surname, median income, age, histology, nor insurance status predicted adequate follow-up (p=ns). A history of having undergone a large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) was the only factor which significantly predicted compliance with recommended follow-up pap smear (OR=1.76; 95% CI 1.08–2.895). Conclusions: Follow-up compliance for this high-risk, low income population is very poor. Identifying factors which predict noncompliance could inform strategies to improve care. In this analysis a history of LLETZ was the only variable which predicted whether follow-up care occurred as recommended. Results suggest that intensive, culturally-sensitive colposcopy clinic-based educational interventions should be developed and evaluated. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Distinguishing between localized recessive and de novo dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: molecular analysis and implications for genetic counselling.
Authors: R Mallipeddi, G H S Ashton, O Bleck, Vesarat Wessagowit, J E Denyer, D J Atherton, S Mayou, John McGrath, Robin Eady
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2002)
DO EXTENDED CRITERIA LIVER ALLOGRAFTS PREDISPOSE TO RECURRENT PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS AFTER LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Shady T. El-Ghazaly Harb, Robert P. Sutcliffe, Kosh Agarwal, Parthi Srinivasan, Andreas Prachalias, Michael Heneghan, Varuna Aluvihare, John O'Grady, Mohamed Rela, Nigel Heaton
Journal: Hepatology (2010)
Methylation contributes to decreased Smac expression and resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Chad Brenner, Lindsay Saunders, Carol Bradford, Thomas Carey
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

A65  The second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac) promotes the activation of caspases by blocking inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins, thereby enhancing apoptosis. Two head and neck tumor cell lines, UM-SCC-5 and -10B, were selected for cisplatin resistance in vitro by exposure to increasing concentrations of cisplatin. These cisplatin-resistant cell line derivatives, UM-SCC-5PT and -10BPT, exhibited reduced Smac mRNA and protein expression relative to the cisplatin-sensitive UM-SCC-5 and -10B. Using a lentiviral system to stably transduce UM-SCC-10B with one of two different Smac shRNAs or a scrambled control shRNA, we analyzed the role of SMAC in escape from cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Western blot analysis confirmed greater than 80% knockdown of Smac expression in both Smac shRNA transduced cell lines relative to nontransduced and scrambled shRNA controls. Additionally, cell lines expressing Smac shRNA exhibited 17-25% less apoptosis by TUNEL assay in response to 10µM cisplatin than nontransduced and scrambled shRNA controls cells. To test the mechanism leading to loss of Smac expression, UM-SCC-5PT and -10BPT cells were assayed for Smac protein expression 96 hours after a 48-hour treatment with 15µM or 30µM 5-Azacytidine, an inhibitor of DNA methyltransferase. In both UM-SCC-5PT and -10BPT, Smac protein expression was restored following treatment with 5-Azacytidine. Furthermore, caspase-3 activity increased 3 to 4-fold in UM-SCC-5PT and -10BPT following 48-hour exposure to 10µM cisplatin in cells pretreated with 5-Azacytidine relative to untreated controls. Therefore, our results are the first to indicate that restoring Smac expression with methyltransferase inhibitors such as 5-Azacytidine will sensitize cisplatin-resistant squamous carcinoma cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis.  This research was supported by the National Cancer Institute Head and Neck SPORE grant P50 CA97248, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research DE13346, National Cancer Institute CA83087, National Institute of General Medical Sciences GM07767, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders T32 DC00011 and P30 DC05188, and Cancer Center Support grant 5 P30 CA46592.
RELIABILITY OF PHOTOGRAPHIC POSTURAL ASSESSMENT IN MALE ELITE JUNIOR SOCCER PLAYERS (UNDER 16, 17 &amp; 19)
Authors: Karen Hajduk, Dietmar Schmidtbleicher
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Background Junior soccer players aged 16 to 19 years old competing on high level already present with postural deviations which are associated with an increased injury risk due to mechanical overloading of the neuro-musculoskeletal system. The application of valid postural assessments methods play an important role in terms of providing correct therapeutic consequences. Objective Previous research show several methodological weaknesses and inconsistent results assessing posture through photographs. Thus, the purpose of the study was to determine the more conservative inter-rater reliability assessing the static posture involving the complete kinetic chain. It was hypothesised that photographic postural assessment is a reliable method. Design Experimental, prospective cohort study. Setting Qualitative assessment in clinical practice. Patients (or Participants) 87 male elite junior soccer players out of three different age groups: Under 16, 17, and 19. Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors) Athletes were photographed from four perspectives using professional photo equipment. An assessment protocol was completed for each player by three different highly qualified raters. Main Outcome Measurements 37 variables describing postural characteristics, each variable graded by minimum of three, maximum of seven values. Results Inter-rater reliability was fair only for the type of posture on side view with Kendal's W=0.6. For all remaining 36 aspects of postural characteristics Kendal's W was zero. Conclusions Qualitative posture assessment is not valid and therefore not appropriate for diagnostic objectives, in particular for large scale based studies, e.g. for a single soccer team. For the purpose of meaningful postural evaluation qualitative assessments must be replaced by quantitative methods. Three-dimensional motion capture could be an appropriate alternative, avoiding radiation exposure by X-ray photography, since excellent agreement has been shown previously for different clinically-relevant kinematic parameters between these two methods.
THU0390 Effect of rehabilitation on the chest expansion in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: SD Jandric
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a form of chronic inflammatory arthritis that leads to pain, stiffness, progressive spinal deformity, and spinal fusion, limitation of the spine, rib cage motion and severe functional impairment. Pulmonary function is altered in AS owing mainly to the limited chest expansion. <h3>Objectives</h3> The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of rehabilitation on the limited chest expansion measured by respiratory index and relationship between duration of the rehabilitation and age, disease onset, disease duration and respiratory index in patients with AS during physical treatment and rehabilitation. <h3>Methods</h3> The study was designed as a retrospective study that included 47 consecutive AS patients (33 male and 14 female), average age of 52.53±11.58 years that were hospitalized and treated in rehabilitation center. Average duration of the rehabilitation was 17.77±5.92 days. Respiratory index was measured for all AS patients at the beginning and at the end of rehabilitation with a centimeter ribbon. Student9s t-test and Pearson9s test of correlation were used for statistically analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Average disease duration was 13.35±8.74 years, disease onset was at 39.64±12.87 years. Respiratory index was 1.98±1.34 cm at beginning of rehabilitation and 3.01±1.75 cm at the end of rehabilitation. The difference was statistically significant (t=8.025, p&lt;0.001). Pearson9s test of correlation was shown statistically significant correlation between value of respiratory index at beginning and at the end of rehabilitation (r=0.872, p&lt;0.001). Duration of the rehabilitation (hospital days) statistically significant correlate with value of respiratory index at beginning rehabilitation (r=-0.289, p&lt;0.05), but not with age, disease duration and disease onset (p&gt;0.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The physical therapy and rehabilitation has led to the improvement the respiratory index in patients with AS, which confirms its effectiveness. The value of respiratory index at beginning rehabilitation is associated with duration of the rehabilitation. Significant limitation in respiratory index indicates longer hospital stay. These results could be having importance in planning of rehabilitation of patients with AS. <h3>References</h3> Reveille JD, Ximenes A, Ward MM. Economic considerations of the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. Am J Med Sci. 2012;343(5):371–4. Berdal G, Halvorsen S, van der Heijde D, Mowe M, Dagfinrud H. Restrictive pulmonary function is more prevalent in patients with ankylosing spondylitisthan in matched population controls and is associated with impaired spinal mobility: a comparative study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012;14(1):R19. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared