tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Plain packaging of tobacco products in the European Union: an EU success story?
Authors: Constantine Vardavas, Filippos T. Filippidis, Brian Ward, Marine Faure, Carlos Jimenez-Ruiz, Christina Gratziou, Paraskevi Katsaounou, Francisco Lozano, Panagiotis Behrakis, Cornel Radu-Loghin
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2017)

In March 2017, the European Union (EU) celebrated its 60th anniversary. The frenzied focus in recent times has been on crises, from economics to migration, terrorism and the UK leaving the EU. However, in contrast to the increase in Euroscepticism are the EU's successes, which should and must be celebrated. One of the major victories from a public health perspective is the harmonisation of tobacco control policy across the 28 EU member states (MSs) through the Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) and the Tobacco Tax Directive, which, through the regulation of tobacco products, protect the health of the 511 million EU citizens. Plain packaging of tobacco products: an EU success story <http://ow.ly/6oww30fH4DJ> The ERS Tobacco Control Committee members are Carlos Jimenez-Ruiz, Christina Gratziou, Constantine Vardavas, Sofia Ravara (Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior and CHCB University Hospital, Covilhã, Portugal), Bo Lundbäck (Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden), Paraskevi Katsaounou, Dick Heederik (Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Division Environmental Epidemiology, Utrecht, the Netherlands), Dan Smyth (European Lung Foundation, Sheffield, UK), Werner Bill (ERS, Lausanne, Switzerland) and José Ignacio de Granda (Respiratory Dept, 12 October University Hospital, Medical School of Complutense University, Madrid, Spain). The ENSP Scientific Committee Members are Panagiotis Behrakis, Bertrand Dautzenberg (Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France), Luke Clancy (TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, Dublin, Ireland), Nazmi Bilir (Hacettepe, University Institute of Public Health, Ankara, Turkey), Manfred Neuberger (Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria), Andrey Demin (Russian Public Health Association, Moscow, Russia), Jørgen Falk (ENSP, Brussels, Belgium) and Francisco Javier Ayesta (University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain).
Designing Ethical Trials of Germline Gene Editing
Authors: Bryan Cwik
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

Interview with Dr. George Church on recent advances in human germline repair and movement toward clinical applications. (07:01)Download With gene-editing technology advancing rapidly, it is important to consider the ethical issues it raises for research, including those related to intergenerational monitoring — long-term follow-up monitoring of not just trial participants, but also their descendants.
Perspectives in allergen immunotherapy: 2017 and beyond
Authors: O. Pfaar, S. Bonini, V. Cardona, P. Demoly, T. Jakob, M. Jutel, J. Kleine‐Tebbe, L. Klimek, S. Klysner, M. V. Kopp, P. Kuna, M. Larché, A. Muraro, C. B. Schmidt‐Weber, M. H. Shamji, K. Simonsen, C. Somoza, E. Valovirta, P. Zieglmayer, T. Zuberbier, U. Wahn
Journal: Allergy (2017)

The Future of the Allergists and Specific Immunotherapy (FASIT) workshop provides a regular platform for global experts from academia, allergy clinics, regulatory authorities and industry to review developments in the field of allergen immunotherapy (AIT). The most recent meeting, held in February 2017, had two main themes: advances in AIT and hot topics in AIT from the regulatory point of view. The first theme covered opportunities for personalized AIT, advances in adjuvants and delivery systems, and the development of new molecules and future vaccines for AIT. Key topics in the second part of the meeting were the effects of the enactment of European Directive 2001/83 on the availability of allergens for therapy and diagnosis across the EU, the challenges of conducting Phase 3 studies in the field, the future role of allergen exposure chambers in AIT studies and specific considerations in performing AIT studies in the paediatric population. Finally, the group highlighted the forthcoming EAACI guidelines and their particular importance for the standardization of practice in the treatment of allergies. This review presents a comprehensive insight into those panel discussions and highlights unmet needs and also possible solutions to them for the future.
Ruxolitinib-associated infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Federico Lussana, Marco Cattaneo, Alessandro Rambaldi, Alessandro Squizzato
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2017)

Ruxolitinib exerts immunosuppressive activity that may increase the risk of infectious complications. We performed a systematic review of the literature with the aim of estimating the risk of infections in patients treated with ruxolitinib. Studies were identified by electronic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE database. Differences in the incidence of infectious events between ruxolitinib and comparison groups were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Five phase III randomized clinical trials (RCTs) (3 phase IIIa with their extended phase and 2 phase IIIb), 6 phase IV studies and 28 case reports were included in this systematic review. Ruxolitinib was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of herpes zoster infection compared to control group in 3 RCTs including patients with polycythemia vera (OR 7.39 [1.33, 41.07]) and in a pooled analysis of the extended phase IIIa RCTs (OR 5.20 [95%CI 1.27, 21.18]). In the larger phase IV post-marketing study, the incidence of the most frequent infections was 8% for herpes zoster, 6.1% for bronchitis and 6% for urinary tract infections. In the published case reports, the most frequent infections were tuberculosis (N = 10), hepatitis B reactivation (N = 5) and pneumocystis jeroveci infection (N = 2). Evidence is not solid enough to accurately estimate the risk of infection in ruxolitinib-treated patients. However, published data clearly suggest that the infection risk may be clinically relevant. Well-designed studies are warranted to evaluate the risk of ruxolitinib-associated infection, in order to identify the most appropriate antimicrobial prophylactic strategy.
Une épidémie de Campylobacter jejuni associée à la consommation de poulet, Copenhague, 2005
Authors: A Mazick, S Ethelberg, E Møller Nielsen, K Mølbak, M Lisby
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2006)

En mai-juin 2005, une epidemie d’infections intestinales s’est declaree parmi des employes de societes a Copenhague. Les cas provenaient de sept des huit societes parmi huit dont les cantines etaient approvisionnees par le meme traiteur. Les prelevements de selles de trois patients de deux societes etaient positifs pour Campylobacter jejuni. Une etude de cohorte retrospective a ete menee parmi les employes frequentant la cantine dans les trois societes les plus importantes, afin d’identifier la source de l’epidemie et de prevenir sa dissemination. Les informations sur la maladie, les jours de frequentation de la cantine et les aliments consommes, ont ete recueillis au moyen d’un questionnaire auto-administre. La cuisine du traiteur a ete inspectee et des echantillons d’aliments ont ete preleves. Sur les 348 employes interroges, 295 (85%) ont rempli le questionnaire. Parmi les 247 personnes qui mangeaient a la cantine, 79 cas ont ete identifies, soit un taux d’attaque (TA) de 32%. La frequentation de la cantine le 25 mai a ete associee a la maladie (TA 75/204, RR=3,2 ; 95%IC 1,3-8,2). Seule la consommation de salade de poulet, ce meme jour, a ete associee a l’infection (TA=43/97, RR=2,3 ; 95%IC 1,3-4,1). Le personnel de cuisine a indique qu’une contamination croisee avait probablement eu lieu entre le poulet cru et la salade de poulet lors du stockage. 
Il s’agit de la premiere epidemie a Campylobacter reconnue associee a du poulet contamine au Danemark. Il est probable que la manipulation des aliments ait contribue a la transmission de l’infection. Suite a cette epidemie, les personnels de cuisine ont ete sensibilises aux bonnes pratiques de manipulation et de conservation des aliments. Le faible nombre de prelevements positifs lors de cette epidemie suggere une sous-evaluation generale des cas adultes par le systeme de notification de laboratoire d’un facteur 20.
Galectin-3 Activation and Inhibition in Heart Failure and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update
Authors: Navin Suthahar, Wouter C. Meijers, Herman H.W. Silljé, Jennifer E. Ho, Fu-Tong Liu, Rudolf A. de Boer
Journal: Theranostics (2017)

Galectin-3 is a versatile protein orchestrating several physiological and pathophysiological processes in the human body. In the last decade, considerable interest in galectin-3 has emerged because of its potential role as a biotarget. Galectin-3 is differentially expressed depending on the tissue type, however its expression can be induced under conditions of tissue injury or stress. Galectin-3 overexpression and secretion is associated with several diseases and is extensively studied in the context of fibrosis, heart failure, atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus. Monomeric (extracellular) galectin-3 usually undergoes further "activation" which significantly broadens the spectrum of biological activity mainly by modifying its carbohydrate-binding properties. Self-interactions of this protein appear to play a crucial role in regulating the extracellular activities of this protein, however there is limited and controversial data on the mechanisms involved. We therefore summarize (recent) literature in this area and describe galectin-3 from a binding perspective providing novel insights into mechanisms by which galectin-3 is known to be "activated" and how such activation may be regulated in pathophysiological scenarios.
Moving beyond the priming of single-language sentences: A proposal for a comprehensive model to account for linguistic representation in bilinguals
Authors: Gerrit Jan Kootstra, Eleonora Rossi
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract In their target article, Branigan &amp; Pickering (B&amp;P) briefly discuss bilingual language representation, focusing primarily on cross-language priming between single-language sentences. We follow up on this discussion by showing how structural priming drives real-life phenomena of bilingual language use beyond the priming of unilingual sentences and by arguing that B&amp;P's account should be extended with a representation for language membership.
Convicted dermatologist is spared suspension in light of staff shortages
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2017)

A medical practitioners tribunal has unusually taken no action against a consultant dermatologist despite finding his fitness to practise to be impaired, concluding that his patients would be put at risk if he were suspended.

On 25 November 2016 Andrew MacKenzie was driving on the A68 to Newcastle Airport, when he found himself behind three heavy goods vehicles. While trying to overtake the second …
The potential impact of the Deep South Network for Cancer Control on cervical cancer mortality among black females in historically underserved areas of Alabama.
Authors: Karan P. Singh, Bradford E Jackson, Rohit P Ojha, Chenguang Wang, Minyong Uhm, Mona Fouad, Edward Partridge, Sejong Bae
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

6559 Background: Racial disparities in cervical cancer mortality are well-documented. The Deep South Network for Cancer Control (DSNCC) was implemented in 2000 to address this disparity by targeting blacks for cervical cancer screening in historically underserved areas of Alabama and Mississippi. We aimed to assess whether the implementation of the DSNCC has improved cervical cancer mortality among black females in Alabama. Methods: We used data from the University of Alabama-Birmingham (UAB) Comprehensive Cancer Center Tumor Registry, which comprises all cancer cases treated in the UAB Health system. We selected all black females diagnosed with cervical cancer in the pre-DSNCC (January 1995-December 1999) and post-DSNCC (January 2001-December 2005) periods. Person time was calculated for up to five years post diagnosis. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and corresponding 95% confidence limits (CLs) using Cox proportional hazards models. The cervical cancer mortality rate of black females who resided in DSNCC-targeted Alabama counties was compared to non-DSNCC-targeted Alabama counties before and after implementation of the DSNCC. Results: The study population comprised 129 black females diagnosed with cervical cancer pre-DSNCC and 175 diagnosed post-DSNCC. During the pre-intervention period, black females in DSNCC-targeted counties had a two-fold higher cervical cancer mortality rate than black females in non-DSNCC-targeted counties (HR=2.0; 95%CL: 1.10, 3.72). During the post-intervention period, black females in DSNCC-targeted counties had nearly a two-fold lower cervical cancer mortality rate than black females in non-DSNCC-targeted counties (HR=0.54; 95%CL: 0.35, 0.87). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the DSNCC interventions are improving cervical cancer outcomes among black females in historically underserved areas of Alabama. The current analysis was only able to examine the initial 5 years after implementation of the DSNCC; continued assessment of outcomes would be useful for assessing the long-term impact of the DSNCC.
Tuberculosis y BCG en Europa
Authors: J M Watson
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2006)

La vacuna del BCG (Bacilo de Calmette-Guerin) fue elaborada en el inicio del siglo veinte procediendo de una cepa atenuada de Mycobacterium bovis. Esta vacuna fue muy utilizada primero en Europa y despues en el mundo entero, durante los 50 anos siguientes. Aunque sea la vacuna mas utilizada a nivel mundial, tambien es la mas controvertida. Evaluaciones de su eficacia para proteger contra diferentes formas de tuberculosis, en diversos sub-grupos de poblaciones y en varios lugares muestran variaciones importantes [1]. Ciertos paises, de escasa incidencia de tuberculosis, nunca adoptaron la vacunacion por el BCG, otros la abandonaron tras utilizarla. Ademas, hay grandes variaciones entre los programas nacionales de vacunacion, especialmente en cuanto a la edad (o las edades) en que debe ser administrada la vacuna, asi como la utilizacion de pruebas de sensibilidad a la tuberculina antes de vacunar y las revacunaciones.
Systematic identification of (personalized) tumor-specific neoantigens through whole genome &amp; whole transcriptomic analyses of 158 Asian colorectal cancers
Authors: S-L Koo, C. Chua, A. Nguyen, S. Benz, W.S. Tan, C.L. Tang, M.H. Chew, B. Goh, C.Y. Chan, A. Gan, W.L. Tan, X.Q. Koh, A. Lezhava, S. Yan, S. Rabizadeh, A. Skanderup, I.B. Tan
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
P2.03a-047 Clinical Trial Participation and Outcomes in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Case-Control Study
Authors: Ana Laura Ortega Granados, Capilla De La Torre Cabrera, Nuria Cárdenas Quesada, María Ruiz Sanjuan, Mónica Fernández Navarro, Natalia Luque Caro, Francisco José García Verdejo, Juan Francisco Marín Pozo, Carmen Rosa Garrido, Miguel Ángel Moreno Jiménez, Pedro Sánchez Rovira
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Tiresias: Context-sensitive Approach to Decipher the Presence and Strength of MicroRNA Regulatory Interactions
Authors: Jinkyu Koo, Jinyi Zhang, Somali Chaterji
Journal: Theranostics (2017)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate expression of target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) post-transcriptionally. Understanding the precise regulatory role of miRNAs is of great interest since miRNAs have been shown to play an important role in development, diseases, and other biological processes. Early work on miRNA target prediction has focused on static sequence-driven miRNA-mRNA complementarity. However, recent research also utilizes expression-level data to study context-dependent regulation effects in a more dynamic, physiologically-relevant setting.
Inhibition of telomerase by RNA interference impairs the growth of glioblastoma tumor in vivo.
Authors: Maria Laura Falchetti, Antonio Sorrentino, Ruggero De Maria, Nicola Maggiano, Luigi Maria Larocca, Francesco Pierconti, Giulio Maira, Roberto Pallini, Andrea Levi
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

2414  All glioblastoma (GBM) tumors express telomerase, whilst the lower grade astrocytomas express this enzyme only in a limited percentage of the cases. In order to comprehend the role of telomerase in GBM growth, we used the recently developed RNA interference technology to downregulate the expression of telomerase in an established cell line of human GBM, named TB10. Of note, TB10 cells have a compromised p53 pathway and possess very long telomeres, two features that should render these cells quite resistant to telomerase inhibition. TB10 cells were infected with an amphotropic virus encoding for a puromycin resistance gene as well as a short hairpin RNA that targets the mRNA of the catalytic component of telomerase (hTERT). Following selection with puromycin, the surviving polyclonal population (siTERT-TB10) showed remarkable reduction of telomerase activity, as measured by the TRAP assay, and underwent progressive shortening of telomeres after repeated passage in culture. Nevertheless, replication of siTERT-TB10 cells in culture was unaffected so that siTERT-TB10 cells showed the same growth rate as wild type TB10 cells, even after 80 population doublings. In sharp contrast, we observed a 50% reduction of tumor formation by siTERT-TB10 cells subcutaneously injected in nude mice with respect to wild type TB10. In addition, tumors generated by siTERT-TB10 cells grew more slowly than wild type tumors, reaching only 40% of the wild type tumor diameter at 6 weeks post injection. This was reflected in a 30% reduction of cell proliferation as assessed by Ki-67 staining. Furthermore, tumors derived from siTERT-TB10 cells displayed differences in the histological pattern in comparison with tumors derived from wild-type TB10 cells, like reduced amount of necrosis and vessel density, suggestive of a lower grade of malignancy. In conclusion, our data suggest that telomerase, beside providing an extended proliferative potential to the cells, might also exert a growth promoting function for tumor cells. This non-canonical, growth promoting function of telomerase would be irrelevant in favorable tissue culture conditions, but it would become significant in the more stressful microenvironment of the in vivo condition.
Efficacy and feasibility of paclitaxel and carboplatin-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy for patients with advanced cervical cancer with renal dysfunction
Authors: N. Kamiya, Y. Imai, M. Asai-Sato, Y. Ota, Y. Suzuki, N. Ruiz-Yokota, T. Matsunaga, E. Miyagi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Optogenetic Modulation of Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve Activity to Prevent Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: Lilei Yu, Liping Zhou, Gang Cao, Sunny S. Po, Bing Huang, Xiaoya Zhou, Menglong Wang, Shenxu Yuan, Zhuo Wang, Songyun Wang, Hong Jiang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Review: In obstructive sleep apnea, continuous positive airway pressure does not reduce cardiovascular outcomes
Authors: Fergal J. O’Donoghue, Christine F. McDonald
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2017)

Source Citation Abuzaid AS, Al Ashry HS, Elbadawi A, et al. Meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcomes with continuous positive airway pressure therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Cardiol. 2017;120:693-9. 28651851
Impact of preoperative sarcopenia on overall survival in gastric cancer surgery
Authors: T. Sato, T. Aoyama, Y. Maezawa, K. Kano, T. Hayashi, T. Yamada, T. Oshima, Y. Rino, T. Ogata, H. Cho, T. Yoshikawa, M. Masuda
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
PTH-054A Hemospray use in the management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: a 2-year experience across 2 teaching hospitals in the north and south of england
Authors: S Thayalasekaran, S Dixon, P Mundre, P Bhandari, G Longcroft-Wheaton
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Hemospray (Cook Medical) is a haemostatic powder licensed for the management of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB). Our aim was to describe the effectiveness of hemospray monotherapy vs adjunctive and salvage therapy, haemostasis and re-bleed rates. <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective use of hemospray use in UGIB at 2 teaching hospitals in the north and south of England was evaluated from June 2014-June 2016. Data was extracted from the endoscopy reporting system. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 44 patients (19 females and 25 males), median age 77.5 years (max 94 years and min age 25 years) with UGIB were treated with hemospray across the 2 centres over the 2 year period. Bleeding was secondary to peptic ulcer disease in 29/44 (65.9%), varices in 3 (6.8%), post biopsy bleeds in 3 (6.8%), unidentified lesion in 3 (6.8%), post sphincterotomy bleed in 2 (4.5%), mallory weiss tear in 2 (4.5%), portal hypertensive gastropathy in 1 (2.3%) and diffuse large b-cell lymphoma in 1 (2.3%). Forrest classification was calculated where information was available (34/44). Forrest Ia-9 cases. Forrest Ib-15 cases. Forrest IIa-8 cases. Forrest IIb-2 cases.Hemospray was utilised as a monotherapy in 10/44 (22.7%) of patients. It was used as adjunctive treatment in 25/44 cases (56.8%) and as salvage treatment in 9/44 (20.5%) of cases where previous treatment had failed.Haemostasis was achieved in 41/44 patients (93.2%). 1/3 patients without haemostasis had hemospray monotherapy and 2/3 patients had hemospray as salvage treatment. 2/3 patients without hemostasis who received hemospray salvage therapy went for interventional radiology. 1/3 patient without hemostasis with hemospray monotherapy application due to profuse bleeding was unstable from admission and palliated after the gastroscopy. 7/44 (15.9%) patients had a re-bleed. 4/10 (40%) had been treated with hemospray as monotherapy, 2/25 (8%) as adjunctive treatment and 1/9 (11.1%) as salvage therapy. Of the 7 re-bleeds, 3 were Forrest IIa classification, 3 were Forrest Ib classification and the 7th Forrest IIb classification. Haemostasis was achieved in 5/7 (71.4%) of the rebleeds. 2/7 re-bleeds did not achieve hemostasis and went for surgery. 4/7 re-bleeds achieved hemostasis with a combination of adrenaline, diathermy and clips. 1/7 re-bleeds did not receive treatment as there were no stigmata of recent haemorrhage. No adverse events occurred. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Hemospray as monotherapy appears to be associated with high rates of re-bleeding. It appears to be more effective as an adjunctive treatment or salvage therapy. Further larger studies are needed to establish where it can most effectively be used, but this data does not support its use as a primary monotherapy. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared