tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Physiology of Domestic Animals
Journal: JAMA (1942)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P12.04 Efficacy and tolerance of radiotherapy for skull base meningioma
Authors: Y. Brahimi, D. Antoni, G. Noel
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

PURPOSE: To evaluate long-term clinical outcome of 46 patients treated by radiation therapy for skull base meningioma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From January 2009 to January 2014, 46 patients with skull base meningioma were treated either by hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (HFSRT) (50%), either by helical tomotherapy (HT) (50%). There was a female predominance (87%). Mean age was 59 years-old (range: 27 - 81). Radiation therapy was performed upfront for 38 patients (82.7%) and postoperatively for 8 patients (17.3%). Most of the lesions were localized in the cavernous sinus (58.7%). The mean PTV was 47.2 mL (1.1 - 223). The median follow up time was 42 months (10 - 76). Results: Thirty-five patients were symptomatic with a mean of two symptoms per patient. The most frequent symptoms were visual impairment (40.8%), cranial nerve dysfunction (19.7%) and headache (15.8%). Eight patients had asymptomatic hyperprolactinemia. After radiotherapy, 68.5% of the patients observed an improvement of at least one symptom with a median interval of 15.6 months (range: 5.3 - 30.5). The symptomatology was unchanged in 22.8% and worsened in 5.7% of the cases. Concerning late toxicity, after completion of radiotherapy, there were 3 cases of trigeminal nerve dysfunction appearing in a median interval of 11.5 months (range: 4.2 - 24.6), 2 cases of visual disturbance appearing at 17 months (range: 10.1 - 24) after end of irradiation, 2 cases of neuro-cognitive disorders appearing at 24 months (range: 12.9 - 35.2) after radiotherapy completion and 1 case of stoke at 20.3 months. Initial hyperprolactinemia improved in one patient. There was no correlation between initial hyperprolactinemia evolution and clinical response. Concerning the endocrine disorders after radiotherapy, 6 new cases of asymptomatic hyperprolactinemia and 1 new case of hypothyroidism appeared in a median interval of 19.4 months (3.5 - 34). Clinical response was not correlated to gender (p = 1), meningioma antecedent (14 postoperative, 4 watch and wait) (p = 1), meningioma location (p = 0.41), surgery before irradiation (p = 0.65), radiation therapy technique (p = 1) and PTV (p = 0.17). At the time of analysis, no lesions had progressed. Tumor shrinkage was reported for 5 patients but the meningiomas remained mostly stable for 39 patients. Four patients have died, reason of death was independent on the meningioma. CONCLUSION: despite a low rate of tumor reduction, radiotherapy leads to a clinical improvement in most of the cases. Radiotherapy for skull base meningiomas is a safe and an effective treatment.
P18.01 The Neuro-Oncology Branch Patient Outcomes Program (POP)
Authors: T. S. Armstrong, M. R. Gilbert
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

The value of patient-centered outcomes research is increasingly being recognized as a means to assess the impact of the disease and therapy on the trajectory of an illness, in patients with solid tumor malignancies, including tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Hypothesis-based research projects are integral to improving our knowledge of the impact of these tumors and their treatment on patients, mandating that survival measures be considered in the context of function and symptom burden. Comprehensive assessment requires integration of research that can accurately measure, predict risk, and explore the biologic basis of both symptoms and toxicity, with the goals of incorporating these parameters into treatment assessment and creating symptom treatment or prevention paradigms. Because of recognition of the importance of this aspect of clinical research, the Outcomes Section of the NOB has been developed with four areas of focus: (1) The development, establishing the utility and assessing the innovation of clinical outcomes assessments (COAs) for use in the primary brain tumor population; (2) Creating mechanisms and methodologies for incorporating clinical outcomes assessment (COAs) into brain tumor clinical trials; (3) Utilizing advanced data management, epidemiologic and informatics technologies, to identify clinical, genomic, and pathway-based predictors and mechanisms of toxicity; and (4) Optimizing patient outcomes by exploring new avenues of patient education and outreach to apply results from outcomes measures. Integrating research across disciplines and incorporation of bench-bedside-bench research is an essential component of the Outcomes Section, designed to provide a model of patient oriented clinical-translational research that may be useful in brain tumor as well as other areas of cancer research. An overview of the program including current projects and future directions will be provided.
Identification of subepithelial mesenchymal cells that induce IgA and diversify gut microbiota
Authors: Kazuki Nagashima, Shinichiro Sawa, Takeshi Nitta, Masanori Tsutsumi, Tadashi Okamura, Josef M Penninger, Tomoki Nakashima, Hiroshi Takayanagi
Journal: Nature Immunology (2017)
Impact of faecal microbiota transplantation on mouse digestive colonization with two extensively resistant bacteria
Authors: Rafael Mahieu, Viviane Cassisa, Delphine Hilliquin, Noémie Coron, Hélène Pailhoriès, Marie Kempf, Marie-Laure Joly-Guillou, Matthieu Eveillard
Journal: Journal of Infection (2017)
P03.23 Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma with intracranial extension: case report and literature review
Authors: E. Seo, N. Yang
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma with intracranial extension is an extremely rare malignant tumor arising in the sinonasal tract, having combined histological features of teratoma and carcinosarcoma. Here, we are presenting a case of sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma with intracranial extension. A 62-year-old female patient presented with nasal obstruction and recurrent epistaxis for last 2 months. On examination, a polypoid mass was noted in nasal cavity. MRI scan showed that bulky heterogeneous enhancing mass involved the left ethmoid sinonasal cavity extension into the anterior cranial fossa and left frontal lobe to the anterior horn of lateral ventricle through the olfactory fossa and ethmoidal roof with large peritumoral cystic portion. The mass was surgically resected with bifrontal approach to left frontal lobe mass and endoscopic approach to mass of nasal cavity. The gross surgical appearance was a glistening, slimy, firm white mucoid lesion. Paraffin-embedded sections were made and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Microscopic examination revealed intimate admixture of carcinomatous (adenocarcinoma), sarcomatous (chondrosarcoma), primitive neuroendocrine and teratoid elements (immature squamous elements). These findings clearly suggest the diagnosis of sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma. Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma is highly malignant and locally aggressive. About 60% of the patients do not survive beyond 3 years. Total excision and extensive sampling are necessary to reach the diagnosis. Early diagnosis and management can give a better prognosis. Neuropathologists, ENT surgeons and neurosurgeons should be aware of this mode of presentation for an accurate diagnosis and a well-targeted therapeutic approach
P03.06 Molecular subgroups and histopathological subtypes in adult medulloblastoma patients
Authors: I. Crailsheim, S. Kaindl, C. Marosi, T. Czech, C. Haberler
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Introduction: Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children, but accounts only for 1% of all CNS tumors in adults. Medulloblastoma comprises histopathologically classic, nodular/desmoplastic and large cell/anaplastic subtypes, and four molecular subgroups including WNT, SHH, group 3 and group 4 tumors. Previous studies have shown that histopathological subtypes and molecular subgroups differ between adults and children. Whereas SHH-nodular/desmoplastic tumors are rare in children between 4 and 16 years, they represent the most frequent subtype in adults. Material and Methods: 35 medulloblastomas of adult patients (aged 21 to 76 years, in median 33.5 years) were included in the study. 25 patients were male, 10 female. FFPE tumor tissue was analyzed using a reticulin staining and antibodies against synaptophysin, GFAP, Ki67, β-catenin, GAB1, YAP1, and p53. Tumors were classified according to the recent WHO classification of CNS tumors. Survival data were available in 23 patients. Results: 26 (74.3%) tumors were classified as SHH, 7 (20%) as non-WNT/non-SHH, and 2 (5.7%) as WNT medulloblastomas. All non-SHH tumors displayed a classic histopathological subtype, and all except 2 SHH tumors were of the desmoplastic/nodular histopathological subtype. These 2 tumors showed a classic morphology, but the recurrence of one tumor had characteristic desmoplastic/nodular features. In all patients, 5 year overall survival was 85.4%. Interestingly, the oldest patient (76 years at diagnosis) who had a SHH tumor is still alive 10 years after diagnosis. Conclusion: We confirm that SHH tumors represent the most common tumors in adult patients (>21 years) and show that long-term survival is feasible in very old patients.
Chemokine RANTES (Regulated upon Activation, Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted) in Multiple Myeloma and MGUS (Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance).
Authors: Kunio Hayashi, Shosaku Nomura, Atsuko Mugitani, Minoru Hasegawa, Nobuhiko Uoshima, Takayuki Takubo, Masahiro Kami, Tsunehiko Komatsu, Tamae Hamaki, Toshio Shimokawa
Journal: Blood (2007)
P01.22 Identification of antipsychotic drug fluspirilene as a potential anti-glioma drug
Authors: M. Nakada, Y. Dong, T. Furuta, H. Sabit, T. Kitabayashi, S. Jiapaer, A. Hirao
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Introduction: Glioma stem cell (GSC)-targeted therapy is a promising treatment for patient with glioblastoma (GBM). However, none of the drugs that restrain the signaling pathways which are essential for GSC maintenance has been put to clinical use. Here we identified fluspirilene, a traditional antipsychotic drug, as a GSC-targeted agent picked up from thousands of existing drugs and investigated the therapeutic effect of fluspirilene against GBM based on drug repositioning. Materials and Methods: To develop novel therapeutics targeting GSCs, we screened drug libraries for small molecule compounds showing greater efficacy in inhibiting proliferation/survival of different GSCs compared to controls by WST-8 proliferation assay at the first screening. The drugs already reported to show therapeutic effect against GBM or under clinical trials were excluded at the second screening. Finally, we found 3 drugs showing remarkable anti-proliferative effect on GSCs at lower concentration, followed by investigation of therapeutic effect on GSCs, glioma cell lines, and a GBM mouse model. Results: Of the 3 compounds, fluspirilene demonstrated the significant inhibitory effect of proliferation and invasion in glioma cells and mice model treated with the drug. These effects were associated with inactivation of STAT3. Conclusions: Repositioning of fluspirilene selected from the drug libraries is a promising approach for the therapy against GBM. Grants and fellowships: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B-26293322) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.
Abstract 321: Cardiometabolic Recovery Kinetics Post Apheresis in a Model of Accelerated Atherothrombosis
Authors: Neal K Bhatia, Aalok Patel, Vimal Ramjee, Monica Epperson, Ngoc-Anh Le, Louette Vaughn, Christine Nell-Dybdahl, Jefferson Baer, Peter Wilson, Laurence Sperling
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Background: Atherothrombotic disease is a chronic, smoldering multifaceted process of inflammatory, lipid, and oxidative insult. Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) serves as a model of accelerated disease in which these pathways may be better characterized. Methods: Eight FH patients were assessed before and after LDL apheresis at multiple time points for levels of: Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 mass (PLAC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), C-reactive protein (CRP), triglycerides (TG), insulin, and glucose. Results: Mean pre- and post-apheresis plasma levels were: 2.76 and 1.05 for CRP, 16.64 and 7.11 for insulin, 98.7 and 81.1 for glucose, 156 and 110 for TG, 177 and 97 for PLAC, and 0.5 and 0.72 for NEFA (p &lt; 0.10, all). Plasma glucose, insulin, and TG levels showed concurrent post-prandial peaks at 12 and 36 hours post-apheresis (Fig 1). NEFA peaked during fasting states at 24 and 48 hours post-apheresis (Fig 1). Maximum mean % gain was: 33.7%[(1.98-1.05)/2.76] for CRP from 6 to 12 hours, followed by 24.1%[(0.48-0.35)/0.54] for TBARS and 15.2%[(123.2-96.29)/177.12] for PLAC from 12 to 24 hours. Conclusion: Our data show that LDL apheresis significantly decreases inflammatory, metabolic and oxidative burden in FH patients. Peaks in glucose, insulin and TG were within normal range arguing against post-prandial dysmetabolism in FH patients. NEFA increased with apheresis and fasting, suggestive of hormone-sensitive lipase upregulation. The temporal progression of recovery shows a predominant inflammatory process acutely, followed by high oxidative stress as a result of PLAC preponderance.
P17.16 Reirradiation of recurrent glioma.
Authors: A. Williamson, M. Mackinnon, A. James, A. Chalmers, S. Nowicki
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of re-irradiation on performance status and survival in patients with recurrent glioma. METHOD: A retrospective analysis was performed on 14 patients who received re-irradiation for recurrent glioma from Dec 2013 to Feb 2015. The GTV was defined as the contrast-enhancing lesion on T1-weighted MRI. No CTV was defined. Median GTV- PTV margin was 1.25cm (range 0.7 - 2.1). All patients received VMAT, 2 non co-planar arcs. The dose delivered was 30Gy in 5 fractions. Performance status and corticosteroid dosages had been recorded prospectively for all patients. A cohort of 22 recurrent glioma patients were identified in the 5 months prior to Dec 2013. This group did not receive reirradiation. Overall survival from initial diagnosis was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method using SPSS. RESULTS: REIRRRADIATION COHORT: Median age was 49 (range 22-59). At initial diagnosis, 5 patients had glioblastoma (GBM), 2 WHO grade II astrocytoma and 7 WHO Grade II oligodendroglioma. All low grade (LGG) patients had radiological evidence of transformation to higher grade. All patients initially had surgical debulking followed by radiation to a median dose of 60Gy (range 54Gy-60Gy). At time of re-irradiation, patients had a mean KPS of 70% (range 60-90) and had progressed through at least one line of chemotherapy. Re-irradiation volumes overlapped previously irradiated fields in 14 patients. 1 week post XRT median KPS was 70% (range 60-90). 1 month post XRT median KPS was 90% (range 70-90). Median dexamethasone dose prescribed was 2mg pre-XRT (range 0-12), 4mg 1 week post XRT (range 0-8) and 4 mg 1 month post XRT (range 0-10). All patients completed treatment and no severe acute or late complications were observed. Progression free survival from the time of irradiation was 4.2 months (range 1-7) for GBM, 6.1 months (range 1 - 8) for LGG. Median survival from date of reirradiation was 8 months for GBM (range 5-11) and 11 months for LGG (range 5-18). Median overall survival from date of diagnosis for GBM was 34 months (range 26 - 46), and 126 months (range 49-192) for LGG. As a comparison, a similar cohort of patients aged <65, KPS >70% who had progressed through at least one line of chemotherapy after primary radiotherapy were identified from July 2013- Dec 2013. 12 were GBM patients: median survival from date of 2nd line treatment was 11 months (4-29) and median overall survival was 31 months (14-46). 10 LGG patients were identified with a median survival from date of 2nd line treatment of 12 months and median overall survival was 61.5 months (19-101). CONCLUSION: Re-irradiation is a safe and feasible treatment for recurrent glioma and the majority of patients experienced an improvement in performance status after treatment. However in this small, retrospective study there was no signal that reirradiation was associated with improved survival when compared with similar cohorts managed without reirradiation.
Phase I Clinical Study of Donor Lymphocyte Infusion Depleted of Alloreactive T Cells after Haplotype Mismatched Myeloablative Stem Cell Transplantation To Limit Infections and Malignant Relapse without Causing GVHD.
Authors: Denis-Claude Roy, Sandra Cohen, Lambert Busque, Douglas Fish, Thomas Kiss, Silvy Lachance, Guy Sauvageau, Pierre Caudrelier, Jean Roy
Journal: Blood (2006)
Opioid substitution treatment is linked to reduced risk of death in opioid use disorder
Authors: Ajay Manhapra, Robert Rosenheck, David A Fiellin
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Sustained engagement in treatment is vital, particularly in the first “golden month”

Deaths related to the “epidemic” of opioid use disorder are inescapable realities in communities across North America, with tags like “the American Carnage” and “this generations’ AIDS crisis” in the lay press. Prescription opioids, heroin, and, more recently, fentanyl have all contributed to a precipitous rise in deaths related to opioid overdose.1 The global burden of opioid use disorder also continues to rise. Opioid substitution treatment (or the preferred term opioid agonist treatment2) with long acting opioids such as methadone or buprenorphine, the most effective evidence based approach, has emerged as the prominent tool in response to this public health challenge.3 Long term treatment of opioid use disorder with another opioid might evoke skepticism and concern among policymakers, patients, families, communities, and even physicians, potentially limiting participation in treatment and posing a challenge to public health.

In a linked paper, Sordo and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.j1550) aggregated data on the mortality benefits of engagement with opioid substitution treatment and the harms associated with disengagement.4 Their well conducted systematic review includes …
P08.48 Therapeutic targeting of TGF- β1/2 in experimental gliomas
Authors: A. Papachristodoulou, M. Weller, K. Hasenbach, M. Janicot, P. Roth
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Introduction: Activation of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/ SMAD cascade correlates with poor prognosis in glioblastoma patients. Increased TGF-β signaling enhances the invasiveness of glioma cells and contributes to the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Although the pathogenic function of TGF-β in glioblastoma is well defined, therapeutic targeting remains a challenge. Here we examine an alternative therapeutic approach of TGF-β inhibition using two novel phosphorothioate locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified antisense oligonucleotide gapmers, ISTH1047 and ISTH0047 that specifically target TGF-β1 and TGF-β2, respectively. METHODS: We characterized the effects of two novel TGF-β1 or TGF-β2 specific antisense gapmers on TGF- β1/2 expression, downstream signaling and growth of human LN-308 and murine SMA-560 glioma cells in vitro. The effect on target inhibition and survival in orthotropic xenogeneic and syngeneic glioma models after TGF-β1 or TGF-β2 inhibition was assessed in vivo. Results: Both antisense oligonucleotides silenced their corresponding target specifically and abrogated SMAD2 phosphorylation. TGF-β1 or TGF-β2 inhibition in LN-308 and SMA-560 glioma cells markedly reduced their migration and invasive potential. Systemic administration of ISTH1047 or ISTH0047 to glioma-bearing mice significantly suppressed TGF-β1 or TGF-β2 mRNA expression respectively, as well as the expression of the down-stream target PAI-1. Mice bearing SMA-560 tumors exhibited a significant survival benefit when treated with either ISTH1047 or ISTH0047. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that targeting TGF-β expression with the novel antisense oligonucleotides ISTH1047 or ISTH0047 results in strong anti-glioma activity in vitro and in vivo which may represent a promising approach to be translated in the clinic.
Role of advanced neuroimaging, fluid biomarkers and genetic testing in the assessment of sport-related concussion: a systematic review
Authors: Michael McCrea, Timothy Meier, Daniel Huber, Alain Ptito, Erin Bigler, Chantel T Debert, Geoff Manley, David Menon, Jen-Kai Chen, Rachel Wall, Kathryn J Schneider, Thomas McAllister
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

To conduct a systematic review of published literature on advanced neuroimaging, fluid biomarkers and genetic testing in the assessment of sport-related concussion (SRC).Computerised searches of Medline, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, Scopus and Cochrane Library from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2016 were done. There were 3222 articles identified.In addition to medical subject heading terms, a study was included if (1) published in English, (2) represented original research, (3) involved human research, (4) pertained to SRC and (5) involved data from neuroimaging, fluid biomarkers or genetic testing collected within 6 months of injury. Ninety-eight studies qualified for review (76 neuroimaging, 16 biomarkers and 6 genetic testing).Separate reviews were conducted for neuroimaging, biomarkers and genetic testing. A standardised data extraction tool was used to document study design, population, tests employed and key findings. Reviewers used a modified quality assessment of studies of diagnostic accuracy studies (QUADAS-2) tool to rate the risk of bias, and a modified Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system to rate the overall level of evidence for each search.Results from the three respective reviews are compiled in separate tables and an interpretive summary of the findings is provided.Advanced neuroimaging, fluid biomarkers and genetic testing are important research tools, but require further validation to determine their ultimate clinical utility in the evaluation of SRC. Future research efforts should address current gaps that limit clinical translation. Ultimately, research on neurobiological and genetic aspects of SRC is predicted to have major translational significance to evidence-based approaches to clinical management of SRC, much like applied clinical research has had over the past 20 years.