tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 17476: Optimal Predictors for Periprocedural Bleeding Events After Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation - Comparison of Total Thrombus-Formation Analysis System (T-TAS) and Plasma DOACs Concentration-
Authors: Miwa Ito, Koichi Kaikita, Daisuke Sueta, Masanobu Ishii, Yu Oimatsu, Tatsuro Mitsuse, Yuichiro Arima, Hisanori Kanazawa, Shozo Kaneko, Yusuke Kanemaru, Takuya Kiyama, Seiji Takashio, Yasuhiro Izumiya, Hiroshige Yamabe, Kenichi Tsujita
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are mainly used in the prevention of thromboembolic complications in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and in the treatment of venous thromboem...
Fear of economic policies may be domain-specific, and social emotions can explain why
Authors: Avijit Chowdhury, Rongjun Yu
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2018)

Abstract People are social animals who value social goods uniquely. In discussions about how economic policies are evaluated by the layperson, it is essential to consider how they may evoke repulsive social emotions such as disgust and anger. We propose that fear of economic policies is not general and that it is specific to items where markets tend to assault certain social values.
Integrating embryonic development and evolutionary history to characterize tentacle-specific cell types in a ctenophore
Authors: Leslie S Babonis, Melissa B DeBiasse, Warren R Francis, Lynne M Christianson, Anthony G Moss, Steven H D Haddock, Mark Q Martindale, Joseph F Ryan
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2018)

The origin of novel traits can promote expansion into new niches and drive speciation. Ctenophores (comb jellies) are unified by their possession of a novel cell type: the colloblast, an adhesive cell found only in the tentacles. Although colloblast-laden tentacles are fundamental for prey capture among ctenophores, some species have tentacles lacking colloblasts and others have lost their tentacles completely. We used transcriptomes from 36 ctenophore species to identify gene losses that occurred specifically in lineages lacking colloblasts and tentacles. We cross-referenced these colloblast- and tentacle-specific candidate genes with temporal RNA-Seq during embryogenesis in Mnemiopsis leidyi and found that both sets of candidates are preferentially expressed during tentacle morphogenesis. We also demonstrate significant upregulation of candidates from both data sets in the tentacle bulb of adults. Both sets of candidates were enriched for an N-terminal signal peptide and protein domains associated with secretion; among tentacle candidates we also identified orthologs of cnidarian toxin proteins, presenting tantalizing evidence that ctenophore tentacles may secrete toxins along with their adhesive. Finally, using cell lineage tracing, we demonstrate that colloblasts and neurons share a common progenitor, suggesting the evolution of colloblasts involved co-option of a neurosecretory gene regulatory network. Together these data offer an initial glimpse into the genetic architecture underlying ctenophore cell-type diversity.
A Day in the Life
Authors: Jennifer Abbasi
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Margaret McCartney: We must fight the gravitational pull between money and power
Authors: Margaret McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Discourse about healthcare is broadly dominated by politicians, unions, medical royal colleges, and think tanks.Think tanks often have highly visible publication streams calling for change, assessing or proposing policy, or scrutinising data, and their reports can drive the news agenda for days.Many of these reports have the academic rigour or carry the credentials of a scholarly essay-but some do not.
Insulin Receptor-Mediated Stimulation Boosts T Cell Immunity during Inflammation and Infection
Authors: Sue Tsai, Xavier Clemente-Casares, Angela C. Zhou, Helena Lei, Jennifer J. Ahn, Yi Tao Chan, Okmi Choi, Helen Luck, Minna Woo, Shannon E. Dunn, Edgar G. Engleman, Tania H. Watts, Shawn Winer, Daniel A. Winer
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2018)
Emerging evidence for targeting mitochondrial metabolic dysfunction in cancer therapy
Authors: Yueming Zhu, Angela Elizabeth Dean, Nobuo Horikoshi, Collin Heer, Douglas R. Spitz, David Gius
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2018)

Mammalian cells use a complex network of redox-dependent processes necessary to maintain cellular integrity during oxidative metabolism, as well as to protect against and/or adapt to stress. The disruption of these redox-dependent processes, including those in the mitochondria, creates a cellular environment permissive for progression to a malignant phenotype and the development of resistance to commonly used anticancer agents. An extension of this paradigm is that when these mitochondrial functions are altered by the events leading to transformation and ensuing downstream metabolic processes, they can be used as molecular biomarkers or targets in the development of new therapeutic interventions to selectively kill and/or sensitize cancer versus normal cells. In this Review we propose that mitochondrial oxidative metabolism is altered in tumor cells, and the central theme of this dysregulation is electron transport chain activity, folate metabolism, NADH/NADPH metabolism, thiol-mediated detoxification pathways, and redox-active metal ion metabolism. It is proposed that specific subgroups of human malignancies display distinct mitochondrial transformative and/or tumor signatures that may benefit from agents that target these pathways.
Current hepatitis E virus seroprevalence in Swiss blood donors and apparent decline from 1997 to 2016
Authors: Christoph Niederhauser, Nadja Widmer, Magdalena Hotz, Caroline Tinguely, Stefano Fontana, Gabrielle Allemann, Mauro Borri, Laura Infanti, Amira Sarraj, Jörg Sigle, Michèle Stalder, Jutta Thierbach, Sophie Waldvogel, Tina Wiengand, Max Züger, Peter Gowland
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2018)

Background and aimHepatitis E virus (HEV) is a virus of emerging importance to transfusion medicine. Studies from several European countries, including Switzerland, have reported high seroprevalence of hepatitis E as a consequence of endemic infections. Published HEV seroprevalence estimates within developed countries vary considerably; primarily due to improved diagnostic assays. The purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG in Swiss blood donations. Methods: We used the highly sensitive Wantai HEV IgG EIA and assessed regional distribution patterns. We analysed age- and sex-matched archive plasma dating back 20 years from canton Bern to investigate recent changes in HEV seroprevalence levels. Results: On average, 20.4% (95% confidence intervals: 19.1-21.8) of the 3,609 blood samples collected in 2014-16 were anti-HEV IgG positive; however, distinct differences between geographical regions were observed (range: 12.8-33.6%). Seroprevalence increased with age with 30.7% of males and 34.3% of women being positive donors over > 60 years old. Differences between sexes may be attributed to dissimilarities in the average age of this group. Within the specified region of the Bern canton, overall prevalence has declined over two decades from 30.3% in 1997/98 to 27.0% in 2006 and 22.3% in 2015/6. Conclusions: HEV seroprevalence in Switzerland is high, but has declined over the last decades. The result shows that primarily endemic HEV infections occur and that current blood products may pose a risk to vulnerable transfusion recipients. Nucleic acid screening of all blood products for HEV will begin in November 2018.
Abstract 217: Long Non-coding RNA Myocardial Infarction-associated Transcript (MIAT) Protects Cardiac Progenitor Cells From Oxidative Stress-induced Cell Death
Authors: Liu Yang, Yang Yu, Baron Arnone, Chan Boriboun, Jiawei Shi, Gangjian Qin
Journal: Circulation Research (2016)

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an emerging class of RNAs with no or limited protein-coding capacity; a few of which have recently been shown to regulate critical biological processes. Myocardial infarction-associated transcript (MIAT) is a conserved mammalian lncRNA, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 6 loci of this gene have been identified to be strongly associated with the incidence and severity of human myocardial infarction (MI). However, whether and how MIAT impacts on the pathogenesis of MI is unknown. Methods &amp; Results: Quantitative RT-PCR analyses revealed that MIAT is expressed in neonatal mouse heart and to a lesser extent in adult heart. After surgical induction of MI in adult mice, MIAT starts to increase in 2 hours, peaks at 6 hours in atria and 12 hours in ventricles, and decreases to baseline at 24 hours. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed a slight increase in the number of MIAT-expressing cells in the infarct border zone at 12 hours post-MI. Moreover, qRT-PCR analyses of isolated cardiac cells revealed that MIAT is predominantly expressed in cardiosphere-derived cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs). Treatment of CPCs with H 2 O 2 led to a marked upregulation of MIAT, while knockdown (KD) of MIAT resulted in a significantly impaired cell survival in vitro with H 2 O 2 treatment and in vivo after administered in the ischemic/reperfused heart. Notably, bioinformatics prediction and RNA immunoprecipitation identified FUS (fused in sarcoma) as a novel MIAT-interacting protein. FUS-KD CPCs displayed reduced cell viability and increased apoptosis under oxidative stress. Furthermore, MIAT overexpression enhanced survival of WT CPCs but not FUS-KD CPCs, suggesting that the protective role of MIAT is mediated by FUS. Conclusions: MIAT interacts with FUS to protect CPCs from oxidative stress-induced cell death.
Nonoptimal Gene Expression Creates Latent Potential for Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Adam C Palmer, Remy Chait, Roy Kishony
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2018)

Bacteria regulate genes to survive antibiotic stress, but regulation can be far from perfect. When regulation is not optimal, mutations that change gene expression can contribute to antibiotic resistance. It is not systematically understood to what extent natural gene regulation is or is not optimal for distinct antibiotics, and how changes in expression of specific genes quantitatively affect antibiotic resistance. Here we discover a simple quantitative relation between fitness, gene expression, and antibiotic potency, which rationalizes our observation that a multitude of genes and even innate antibiotic defense mechanisms have expression that is critically nonoptimal under antibiotic treatment. First, we developed a pooled-strain drug-diffusion assay and screened Escherichia coli overexpression and knockout libraries, finding that resistance to a range of 31 antibiotics could result from changing expression of a large and functionally diverse set of genes, in a primarily but not exclusively drug-specific manner. Second, by synthetically controlling the expression of single-drug and multidrug resistance genes, we observed that their fitness–expression functions changed dramatically under antibiotic treatment in accordance with a log-sensitivity relation. Thus, because many genes are nonoptimally expressed under antibiotic treatment, many regulatory mutations can contribute to resistance by altering expression and by activating latent defenses.
A Theory for the Quantification of Transcapillary Exchange in the Presence of Shunt Flow
Authors: ShuChien
Journal: Circulation Research (1971)

A theory is proposed to treat the transcapillary exchange of diffusion-limited substances in the presence of shunt circulation. With the simultaneous use of a nondiffusible indicator to correct for the distribution of intravascular transit and two diffusible indicators with different diffusion coefficients, the triple-indicator method can be used to assess the behavior of the diffusion-limited indicators in the exchange circuit. Application of this theory to data on perfused skeletal muscle allows the calculation of capillary blood flow, indicator extraction, and capillary diffusion capacity in the exchange circuit. The initial extraction of Na and Rb in the exchange circuit before back diffusion occurs shows a biphasic relation to flow rate. As the overall blood flow is increased to 10-15 ml min-1 100 g-1, decrease of indicator extraction is associated with an increase of capillary blood flow and a decrease of diffusion capacity in the exchange circuit. The increase of indicator extraction at higher flow...
Automated O<sub>2</sub> titration improves exercise capacity in patients with hypercapnic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled cross-over trial
Authors: Isabelle Vivodtzev, Erwan L’Her, Gabrielle Vottero, Claire Yankoff, Renaud Tamisier, François Maltais, François Lellouche, Jean-Louis Pépin
Journal: Thorax (2018)

Automatically titrated O 2 flows (FreeO 2 ) was compared with constant O 2 flow on exercise capacity, O 2 saturation and risk of hyperoxia-related hypercapnia in patients with severe COPD with baseline hypercapnia and long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT). Twelve patients were enrolled in a randomised double-blind cross-over study to perform exercise with either FreeO 2 or constant flow. Endurance time (primary outcome) and SpO 2 were both significantly improved with FreeO 2 compared with constant flow (p&lt;0.04), although pCO 2 was similar in both conditions. Automated titration of O 2 significantly and clinically improved endurance walking time in patients with severe COPD receiving LTOT, without worsening of pCO 2 . Trial registration number Results , NCT01575327
Do we really need another systematic review?
Authors: Carsten B Juhl, Hans Lund
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2018)

Systematic reviews summarising the current evidence within a specific domain in sports medicine and science can contribute to clinical decisions about prevention, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. They provide a quick overview of the current evidence from a large number of studies. Summarising the results in meta-analysis can increase the power and precision of estimates. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis can potentially improve accuracy of conclusions because they show whether findings across studies are consistent and can be generalised.1 

The number of systematic reviews published in MEDLINE within sports medicine and science has increased from fewer than 10 every year in 2012 to more than 60 in 2017. Even though this increase in production of systematic reviews may augment the base for …
Abstract 20199: Effect of Antiplatelet Therapy on Tissue Prolapse After Coronary Stunting in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Kazuhiro Naito, Akiyoshi Kurita, Katsuhisa Waseda, Hiroaki Takashima, Hirohiko Ando, Akihiro Suzuki, Shinichiro Sakurai, Yuki Saka, Hiroaki Sawada, Masahiro Shimoda, Tetsuya Amano
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a challenging PCI population in terms of thrombus management. Early stent thrombosis remains a critical issue in the treatment of ACS. New-generation ...
Abstract 12937: The Risk for Major Bleeding Was Similar in Patients Receiving Ticagrelor or Aspirin After TIA or Acute Ischemic Stroke in the SOCRATES Study
Authors: J D Easton, Gregory W Albers, Maria Aunes, Pierre Amarenco, Hans Denison, Scott R Evans, Peter Held, Marianne Jahreskog, S C Johnston, Jenny Jonasson, Kazuo Minematsu, Carlos A Molina, Yongjun Wang, Lawrence K Wong
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: The randomized, double-blind SOCRATES study (NCT01994720) was the first trial with the reversibly binding P2Y12 receptor blocker ticagrelor in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or TIA. The main safety objective was assessment of PLATO defined major bleedings, with special focus on intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Methods: An independent adjudication committee blinded to study treatment (ticagrelor or ASA) classified bleedings according to PLATO, TIMI and GUSTO definitions. The definition of major bleeding was adapted to the acute stroke population by excluding asymptomatic hemorrhagic transformations of ischemic cerebral infarctions and micro-bleeds &lt;10 mm evident only on gradient-echo MRI from being considered ICH and major bleedings. The on-treatment (OT) period was defined as OT + 7 days after stop of study drug. Results: In total, 13130 (of 13199 randomized) patients received at least one dose of study drug (safety analysis set). PLATO major bleedings occurred in 31 (0.5%) patients on ticagrelor and 38 (0.6%) on ASA (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.52 to 1.34). TIMI major bleedings were identified in 21 patients on ticagrelor vs 27 on ASA; and for GUSTO severe 18 vs 21. Patients with PLATO major bleedings had a mean age of 70.2 ±11.2 years, 60.9% were men, and 78.3% were randomized as AIS and 21.7% as TIA, as compared with the overall SOCRATES safety population with mean age 65.9 ± 11.3 years, 58.5% men, AIS in 73.3% and high-risk TIA in 26.7%. The most common locations of major bleedings were intracranial and gastrointestinal. ICH was reported in 12 (0.2%) patients on ticagrelor and 18 (0.3%) on ASA. There were 6 spontaneous, 3 traumatic and 3 procedural ICHs on ticagrelor. For ASA the corresponding numbers were 13, 3 and 2. Thirteen (4 on ticagrelor vs 9 on ASA) were hemorrhagic strokes and 4 (2 vs 2) were symptomatic hemorrhagic transformations. The ICH was fatal in 6/12 patients on ticagrelor and 4/18 on ASA. In total, 9 fatal bleedings occurred on ticagrelor and 4 on ASA. The composite of ICH or fatal bleeding included 15 patients on ticagrelor versus 18 on ASA. Conclusions: Antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor in patients with AIS or TIA showed a similar bleeding profile as ASA for major bleedings. There were few ICHs.
Errors Resulting From Standard Order Sets
Authors: Richard Schreiber
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Membrane Stabilization by Modified Steroid Offers a Potential Therapy for Muscular Dystrophy Due to Dysferlin Deficit
Authors: Sen Chandra Sreetama, Goutam Chandra, Jack H. Van der Meulen, Mohammad Mahad Ahmad, Peter Suzuki, Shivaprasad Bhuvanendran, Kanneboyina Nagaraju, Eric P. Hoffman, Jyoti K. Jaiswal
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2018)

Mutations of the DYSF gene leading to reduced dysferlin protein level causes limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B (LGMD2B). Dysferlin facilitates sarcolemmal membrane repair in healthy myofibers, thus its deficit compromises myofiber repair and leads to chronic muscle inflammation. An experimental therapeutic approach for LGMD2B is to protect damage or improve repair of myofiber sarcolemma. Here, we compared the effects of prednisolone and vamorolone (a dissociative steroid; VBP15) on dysferlin-deficient myofiber repair. Vamorolone, but not prednisolone, stabilized dysferlin-deficient muscle cell membrane and improved repair of dysferlin-deficient mouse (B6A/J) myofibers injured by focal sarcolemmal damage, eccentric contraction-induced injury or injury due to spontaneous in vivo activity. Vamorolone decreased sarcolemmal lipid mobility, increased muscle strength, and decreased late-stage myofiber loss due to adipogenic infiltration. In contrast, the conventional glucocorticoid prednisolone failed to stabilize dysferlin deficient muscle cell membrane or improve repair of dysferlinopathic patient myoblasts and mouse myofibers. Instead, prednisolone treatment increased muscle weakness and myofiber atrophy in B6A/J mice-findings that correlate with reports of prednisolone worsening symptoms of LGMD2B patients. Our findings showing improved cellular and pre-clinical efficacy of vamorolone compared to prednisolone and better safety profile of vamorolone indicates the suitability of vamorolone for clinical trials in LGMD2B.
Clinical spectrum of cutaneous melanoma morphology
Authors: Nikolai Klebanov, Nicole S. Gunasekera, William M. Lin, Elena B. Hawryluk, David M. Miller, Bobby Y. Reddy, Mitalee P. Christman, Derek Beaulieu, Suvithan Rajadurai, Lyn M. Duncan, Arthur J. Sober, Hensin Tsao
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2018)