tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Genitourinary Medicine
Authors: J. Cassell
Journal: BMJ (1998)

Over the years, the genitourinary clinic has been known as the VD clinic, special clinic, eponymous clinic, and STD clinic. The specialty that dares not speak its name is now called genitourinary medicine in Britain and venereology in other countries in the European Union. Previously viewed as a “Cinderella specialty,” it has in the past 15 years been invited to the ball, so to speak. After the appearance of AIDS, control of sexually transmitted diseases became a principal target of the government's Health of the Nation strategy.

This brought expansion and reorganisation of the specialty, which is now settling into a much changed steady state. Almost all genitourinary departments look after HIV outpatients, but the bulk of the work is still related to general sexually transmitted infections.

As well as seeing patients who are worried about sexually transmitted infections, the genitourinary consultant has a team to manage and a service to organise and promote. Although larger centres train junior staff, many consultants work in or near district general hospitals, where medical support is provided by clinical assistants and staff grade doctors. Health advisers (who undertake counselling, education, and partner notification), nurses, and laboratory staff are the other daily workmates of consultants. An important part of the consultant's job is educating and advising other departments about appropriate referral and the services available through the genitourinary department. Patients with sexually transmitted infections, including HIV infection, present to many departments, such as gynaecology, urology, surgery, accident and emergency, and psychiatry. Audits have shown that sexually transmitted infections are often poorly managed, even when recognised, with no attempt to notify partners. Facilitating referral, educating other staff groups, and readily providing advice are activities that contribute to public health, as well as to public relations. Each clinic submits returns to the Department of Health on …
Temozolomide in malignant gliomas of childhood
Authors: L S Lashford, P Thiesse, A Jouvet, T Jaspan, D Couanet, P D Griffiths, F Doz, James Ironside, K Robson, R Hobson, M Dugan, A D J Pearson, G Vassal, D Frappaz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2002)
Abstract #3975: Sonic hedgehog signaling protects human hepatocellular carcinoma cells against ionizing radiation in an autonomous manner
Authors: Yu-Jen Chen, K.S. Clifford Chao
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Sonic hedgehog (SHH) and related signaling molecules are critical to embryonic development and regulate both proliferation and differentiation of cancer stem cells. SHH signaling has been demonstrated as an important factor contributing to treatment resistance. In this study, we examined the role of SHH signaling in radiation response of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. SHH peptide protected HCC HA22T cells against ionizing radiation and activated the SHH signaling via up-regulation of SHH, PTCH-1 and Gli-1 expression. Knock-down of Gli-1 reversed the radioprotective effect of SHH peptide and the nuclear translocation of Gli-1, a hallmark of Gli-1 activation. Furthermore, we found that soluble factors secreted, either constitutively or responding to radiation, by HA22T cells protected themselves against ionizing radiation. This protective effect was blocked by Gli-1 siRNA, implying the involvement of autonomous production of SHH or molecules related to SHH signaling. In conclusion, Activation of SHH signaling may protect hepatocellular carcinoma cells against ionizing radiation in an autonomous manner.   Citation Information:  In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 3975.
Validating bladder cancer xenograft bioluminescence with magnetic resonance imaging requires correction for hypoperfusion, hypoxia and necrosis.
Authors: Peter Black, Anil Shetty, Gordon Brown, Emilio Esparza-Coss, Adam Metwalli, Piyush Agarwal, David McConkey, John Hazle, Colin Dinney
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

493    Purpose:  Bioluminescent imaging allows longitudinal assessment of tumor burden in orthotopic tumor models. One limitation we have encountered in bladder xenografts is poor correlation between tumor size (weight or volume) and luminescence in several cell lines. We wished to confirm this discrepancy with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We hypothesized that the lack of correlation was due to hypoxia and necrosis in the tumors.   Materials and Methods:  Orthotopic bladder tumors were established in 5 week old nude mice with 100,000 KU7 or 500,000 253J-BV cells (10 mice each) that had been previously transduced with a lentiviral luciferase construct. Bioluminescence (In Vivo Imaging System, Xenogen Corp., Almeda, CA) and MRI imaging (Bruker Biospin 4.7T scanner) were performed weekly within 24 hours of each other. Tumor volume was calculated from T1 and T2 weighted images at each time point and dynamic contrast studies were completed for the final two time points. The mice were sacrificed at four weeks 45 minutes after intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg piminidazole. The tumors were excised, weighed and frozen whole. Step sections were obtained at 1 mm intervals. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical analysis of piminidazole adduct formation were performed to assess hypoxia and necrosis. CD31 staining was used to quantitate vascularity. Relative areas of each section containing total tumor, hypoxic tumor and necrotic tumor were quantitated with ImagePro software (Media Cybernetics, Silver Spring, MD)   Results:  KU7 xenograft bioluminescence showed minimal correlation to tumor volume on MRI during the first two weeks of imaging but none thereafter (R 2  2 =0.93 at 4 weeks) in 253J-BV xenografts, where hypoxia and necrosis were less prominent. MRI tumor volume tripled in size between the first and second week in KU7 but remained constant in 253J-BV.   Conclusion:  The correlation between tumor bioluminescence and tumor size depends on the growth kinetics of the individual cell line used in xenograft studies. These parameters do not correlate in xenografts that rapidly outgrow their vascular supply and develop broad areas of hypoxia and necrosis. In these cases, however, the bioluminescence does yield information about the amount of viable tumor, and should therefore still be considered a useful parameter.
Herpes Zoster as a Risk Factor for Incident Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Bryant R. England, Ted R. Mikuls, Fenglong Xie, Shuo Yang, Lang Chen, Jeffrey R. Curtis
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2017)

Histopathologic studies have implicated herpes zoster (HZ) as a causative organism of giant cell arteritis (GCA). The purpose of this study was to assess the epidemiologic association of HZ events with incident GCA.We performed a retrospective cohort study in 2 large independent US administrative data sets: Medicare 5% and Truven Health Analytics MarketScan. Eligible subjects had 12 months of continuous coverage, were >50 years old, and had no history of GCA or polymyalgia rheumatica. HZ events (complicated and uncomplicated) and GCA were identified by the presence of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes from physician visit or hospital discharge records. Antiviral therapies and vaccinations were identified from prescription claims and drug codes. Risk of incident GCA was calculated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.Among 16,686,345 subjects, a total of 5,942 GCA cases occurred, with 3.1% (MarketScan) and 6.0% (Medicare) having preceding HZ events. Unadjusted GCA incidence rates were highest in the groups with complicated and uncomplicated HZ. After multivariable adjustment, complicated HZ was associated with an increased risk of GCA (hazard ratio [HR] 1.99 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.32-3.02] in the Medicare cohort and 2.16 [95% CI 1.46-3.18] in the MarketScan cohort), as was uncomplicated HZ (HR 1.42 [95% CI 1.02-1.99] and HR 1.45 [95% CI 1.05-2.01] in the respective cohorts). Vaccination and antiviral treatment were not consistently associated with GCA risk, although antiviral treatment was marginally associated with a decreased risk of GCA in the Medicare cohort (HR 0.67 [95% CI 0.46-0.99]).HZ is associated with an increased risk of GCA. The infrequency of HZ in GCA patients suggests that it is only one potential trigger for GCA. Antivirals and vaccination did not consistently mitigate this risk.
‘heartfailurematters.org’, an educational website for patients and carers from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology: objectives, use and future directions
Authors: Kim P. Wagenaar, Frans H. Rutten, Leonie Klompstra, Yusuf Bhana, Floor Sieverink, Frank Ruschitzka, Petar M. Seferovic, Mitja Lainscak, Massimo F. Piepoli, Berna D.L. Broekhuizen, Anna Strömberg, Tiny Jaarsma, Arno W. Hoes, Kenneth Dickstein
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2017)
A Review of Safety and Hazards Associated With the Artificial Pancreas
Authors: Charrise M. Ramkissoon, Brian Aufderheide, B. Wayne Bequette, Josep Vehi
Journal: IEEE Reviews in Biomedical Engineering (2017)

The artificial pancreas (AP) is a closed-loop device with the potential to reduce the complications associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus by maintaining euglycemia in patients. The AP encompasses an algorithm that determines the amount of insulin (and other hormones) to be administered to the patient via a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pump using information provided by a continuous glucose monitor and other sensors. As the AP approaches commercialization, special attention must be given to safety within all the individual components, including physiological changes in the patient, as well as safety issues that can arise when these components are combined into a single system. Therefore, we analyzed the specific hazards applicable to the AP with the aim of exposing areas of safety that are yet to be addressed.
Note on the Liver Catalase Activity of Pregnant Mice and of Mice Bearing Growing Embryonic Implants
Authors: Greenstein, Jesse P., Andervont, Howard B.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1943)

Journal Article Note on the Liver Catalase Activity of Pregnant Mice and of Mice Bearing Growing Embryonic Implants Get access Jesse P. Greenstein, Jesse P. Greenstein senior biochemist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Howard B. Andervont Howard B. Andervont principal biologist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 4, Issue 3, December 1943, Pages 283–284, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/4.3.283 Published: 01 December 1943
A phase I study of intravenous (IV) milataxel in combination with carboplatin in adult patients with advanced malignant solid tumors
Authors: W. A. Flood, L. D. Lewis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

e13525 Background: Milataxel (MXL) is a novel taxane with activity in human xenograft models against tumors resistant to paclitaxel. The primary objective of this study was to determine the MTD when MXL was given intravenously in combination with a fixed dose (AUC=6) of carboplatin (C) every 21 days in subjects with advanced malignant solid tumors. Secondary objectives were to (i) assess the safety and tolerability of the combination (ii) define the pharmacokinetics of MXL and C when given in combination (iii) obtain preliminary information on the antitumor activity of MXL+C. Methods: Key subject eligibility criteria included: adult pts with refractory malignant tumors, ECOG PS &lt;3 and adequate hematologic, hepatic and renal function. PK data was obtained on day 1 for MXL and both free and bound platinum. Results: 11 pts (median age 60; 2 F,9 M) were treated. MXL was dose escalated in three cohorts (15, 20 and 25 mg/m 2 ). Three patients were treated at 15 mg/m 2 of MXL without a DLT. At the 25 mg/m 2 dose of MXL there were two DLT's out of the 4 pts enrolled at this dose (1 pt - grade 3 febrile neutropenia, grade 4 thrombocytopenia; 1 pt - grade 4 ANC, grade 4 thrombocytopenia). At the 20 mg/m 2 dose of MXL there were two DLT's out of the 4 pts enrolled at this dose with both pts having grade 4 ANC. The MTD and the recommended Phase II dose of MXL was 15 mg/m 2 plus C (AUC= 6). The median number of cycles administered was 3 (range 1–16). The most frequent grade 3 or 4 treatment emergent adverse events were neutropenia (82%), leukopenia (55%), pancytopenia (27%), asthenia (18%), generalized edema (18%), thrombocytopenia (18%), anemia (18%), confusion (18%), and dyspnea (18%). One pt in the MTD cohort with cholangiocarcinoma had a PR. This patient received 16 cycles of therapy and had a response duration of 378 days and a TTP of 406 days. PK data (n=9) showed the elimination half-life of MXL ranged from 26 to 110 h, and that for free and total platinum were as would be predicted for C monotherapy. Conclusions: The MTD of MXL was 15 mg/m 2 IV per three week cycle when combined with carboplatin (AUC= 6). One patient with a cholangiocarcinoma had a sustained PR for 378 days. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
ナノダイヤモンド修飾共重合体足場は初期腫瘍口腔ケラチン細胞の腫瘍進行に影響を及ぼす【Powered by NICT】
Authors: Suliman Salwa, Mustafa Kamal, Krueger Anke, Steinmueller-Nethl Doris, Finne-Wistrand Anna, Osdal Tereza, O Hamza Amani, Sun Yang, Parajuli Himalaya, Waag Thilo, Nickel Joachim, Johannessen Anne Christine, McCormack Emmet, Costea Daniela Elena
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)
OC-045 Efficacy & safety of dose adjustment & delayed response to ustekinumab in moderate–severe crohn’s disease patients: results from im-uniti maintenance study
Authors: B Sands, C Gasink, D Jacobstein, L Gao, J Johanns, P Szapary, J Colombel, S Targan, S Ghosh, W Sandborn
Journal: Gut (2017)

Introduction  Ustekinumab (UST) induced/maintained clinical response (CR) and remission (CRM) in mod-severe Crohn’s disease (CD) as shown in 2 induction (UNITI-1 and 2) and 1 maintenance (IM-UNITI) RCT, placebo (PBO) controlled phIII trials. We evaluated UST efficacy in 2 more grps in IM-UNITI: pts undergoing dose adjustment after loss of response (LOR) and pts without a CR to IV UST during induction and had an additional SC dose.  Method  Pts achieving CR after single dose IV induction randomised to SC PBO, UST 90 mg/q12w or q8w. Pts meeting LOR criteria (i.e. CDAI ≥220 and a≥100 point ←from baseline maintenance CDAI score, between wks 8–32 of IM-UNITI trial) underwent a single dose adjustment as follows: PBO→q8w, q12w→q8w, and q8w→q8w (no dose adjustment) and assessed for CR (≥100 point ↓in CDAI) and CRM (CDAI   Results  51 (39%), 29 (23%), and 28 (22%) pts in PBO, q12w and q8w grps, respectively, had dose adjustment after meeting LOR criteria. We observed CRM and CR in 39% and 71% of pts adjusting PBO→q8w (situation similar to drug holiday), 41%–55% in q12w→q8w grp and 32%–46% in q8w→q8w grp assessed 16 wks later respectively (Table 1). Median CDAI change after adjustment was −121,–141 and −78.5 in PBO→q8w, q12w→q8w and q8w→q8w grs, respectively. UST 467 pts not in response after IV dose,50.5%–28.9% had CR and CRM 8 wks after 1 extra UST dose (90 mg SC). Of 251 of these pts continued dosing at wk 8 of maintenance, 68.1% had CR and 50.2% CRM at wk 44. No ←or changes in AEs seen among dose adjustment pts.  Conclusion  Pts meeting LOR criteria, dose adjustment from UST 90 mg/q12w to q8w had some additional clinical benefit vs pts remaining on UST 90 mg/q8w. Initial induction non-responders pts can benefit from continued treatment with at least 1 SC UST dose 8 wks after IV induction.  Disclosure of Interest  B. Sands: None Declared, C. Gasink Conflict with: Janssen R and D, LLC, D. Jacobstein Conflict with: Janssen R and D, LLC, L. Gao Conflict with: Janssen R and D, LLC, J. Johanns Conflict with: Janssen R and D, LLC, P. Szapary Conflict with: Janssen R and D, LLC, J. Colombel: None Declared, S. Targan: None Declared, S. Ghosh: None Declared, W. Sandborn: None Declared
Loss of MicroRNA-7 Regulation Leads to α-Synuclein Accumulation and Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss In Vivo
Authors: Kirsty J. McMillan, Tracey K. Murray, Nora Bengoa-Vergniory, Oscar Cordero-Llana, Jane Cooper, Amy Buckley, Richard Wade-Martins, James B. Uney, Michael J. O’Neill, Liang F. Wong, Maeve A. Caldwell
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2017)

Abnormal alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein) expression and aggregation is a key characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the exact mechanism(s) linking α-synuclein to the other central feature of PD, dopaminergic neuron loss, remains unclear. Therefore, improved cell and in vivo models are needed to investigate the role of α-synuclein in dopaminergic neuron loss. MicroRNA-7 (miR-7) regulates α-synuclein expression by binding to the 3′ UTR of the Synuclein Alpha Non A4 Component of Amyloid Precursor (SNCA) gene and inhibiting its translation. We show that miR-7 is decreased in the substantia nigra of patients with PD and, therefore, may play an essential role in the regulation of α-synuclein expression. Furthermore, we have found that lentiviral-mediated expression of miR-7 complementary binding sites to stably induce a loss of miR-7 function results in an increase in α-synuclein expression in vitro and in vivo. We have also shown that depletion of miR-7 using a miR-decoy produces a loss of nigral dopaminergic neurons accompanied by a reduction of striatal dopamine content. These data suggest that miR-7 has an important role in the regulation of α-synuclein and dopamine physiology and may provide a new paradigm to study the pathology of PD.Graphical abstract
Airway Mucin Concentration as a Marker of Chronic Bronchitis
Authors: Mehmet Kesimer, Amina A. Ford, Agathe Ceppe, Giorgia Radicioni, Rui Cao, C. William Davis, Claire M. Doerschuk, Neil E. Alexis, Wayne H. Anderson, Ashley G. Henderson, R. Graham Barr, Eugene R. Bleecker, Stephanie A. Christenson, Christopher B. Cooper, MeiLan K. Han, Nadia N. Hansel, Annette T. Hastie, Eric A. Hoffman, Richard E. Kanner, Fernando Martinez, Robert Paine, Prescott G. Woodruff, Wanda K. O’Neal, Richard C. Boucher
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic bronchitic and emphysematous components. In one biophysical model, the concentration of mucin on the airway surfaces is hypothesized to be a key variable that controls mucus transport in healthy persons versus cessation of transport in persons with muco-obstructive lung diseases. Under this model, it is postulated that a high mucin concentration produces the sputum and disease progression that are characteristic of chronic bronchitis.We characterized the COPD status of 917 participants from the Subpopulations and Intermediate Outcome Measures in COPD Study (SPIROMICS) using questionnaires administered to participants, chest tomography, spirometry, and examination of induced sputum. Total mucin concentrations in sputum were measured with the use of size-exclusion chromatography and refractometry. In 148 of these participants, the respiratory secreted mucins MUC5AC and MUC5B were quantitated by means of mass spectrometry. Data from chronic-bronchitis questionnaires and data on total mucin concentrations in sputum were also analyzed in an independent 94-participant cohort.Mean (±SE) total mucin concentrations were higher in current or former smokers with severe COPD than in controls who had never smoked (3166±402 vs. 1515±152 μg per milliliter) and were higher in participants with two or more respiratory exacerbations per year than in those with zero exacerbations (4194±878 vs. 2458±113 μg per milliliter). The absolute concentrations of MUC5B and MUC5AC in current or former smokers with severe COPD were approximately 3 times as high and 10 times as high, respectively, as in controls who had never smoked. Receiver-operating-characteristic curve analysis of the association between total mucin concentration and a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis yielded areas under the curve of 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.65 to 0.79) for the SPIROMICS cohort and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.73 to 0.92) for the independent cohort.Airway mucin concentrations may quantitate a key component of the chronic bronchitis pathophysiologic cascade that produces sputum and mediates disease severity. Studies designed to explore total mucin concentrations in sputum as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for chronic bronchitis appear to be warranted. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others.).
Prevention of Anxiety Disorders Across the Lifespan
Authors: Jennifer L. Hudson
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
High-Sensitivity Troponin Levels, Ischemia, and Mortality
Authors: Nathaniel R. Smilowitz
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal