tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the Electronic Retinal Implant Alpha AMS in Restoring Vision to Blind Patients with End-Stage Retinitis Pigmentosa
Authors: Thomas L. Edwards, Charles L. Cottriall, Kanmin Xue, Matthew P. Simunovic, James D. Ramsden, Eberhart Zrenner, Robert E. MacLaren
Journal: Ophthalmology (2017)

PurposeTo report the initial efficacy results of the Retina Implant Alpha AMS (Retina Implant AG, Reutlingen, Germany) for partial restoration of vision in end-stage retinitis pigmentosa (RP).DesignProspective, single-arm, investigator-sponsored interventional clinical trial. Within-participant control comprising residual vision with the retinal implant switched ON versus OFF in the implanted eye.ParticipantsThe Retina Implant Alpha AMS was implanted into the worse-seeing eye of 6 participants with end-stage RP and no useful perception of light vision. Eligibility criteria included previous normal vision for ≥12 years and no significant ocular or systemic comorbidity.MethodsVision assessments were scheduled at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postimplantation. They comprised tabletop object recognition tasks, a self-assessment mobility questionnaire, and screen-based tests including Basic Light and Motion (BaLM), grating acuity, and greyscale contrast discrimination. A full-field stimulus test (FST) was also performed.Main Outcome MeasuresImprovement in activities of daily living, recognition tasks, and assessments of light perception with the implant ON compared with OFF.ResultsAll 6 participants underwent successful implantation. Light perception and temporal resolution with the implant ON were achieved in all participants. Light localization was achieved with the implant ON in all but 1 participant (P4) in whom the chip was not functioning optimally because of a combination of iatrogenic intraoperative implant damage and incorrect implantation. Implant ON correct grating detections (which were at chance level with implant OFF) were recorded in the other 5 participants, ranging from 0.1 to 3.33 cycles/degree on 1 occasion. The ability to locate high-contrast tabletop objects not seen with the implant OFF was partially restored with the implant ON in all but 1 participant (P4). There were 2 incidents of conjunctival erosion and 1 inferotemporal macula-on retinal detachment, which were successfully repaired, and 2 incidents of inadvertent damage to the implant during surgery (P3 and P4).ConclusionsThe Alpha AMS subretinal implant improved visual performance in 5 of 6 participants and has exhibited ongoing function for up to 24 months. Although implantation surgery remains challenging, new developments such as OCT microscope guidance added refinements to the surgical technique.
Increasing Evidence for an Association Between Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Miguel Chuquilin, Susan Wymer, James Wymer
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Vaccination BCG sélective dans un pays à faible incidence de tuberculose
Authors: V Romanus
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2006)

En 1975, la Suede est passee d’une politique de vaccination en routine du BCG pour tous les nouveaux-nes a une vaccination selective des groupes les plus a risque. Le rapport suivant evalue la politique actuelle en tenant compte de la situation de la tuberculose en Suede au cours de la periode de 1989 a 2005. Au cours de cette periode la population suedoise a evolue avec un nombre et une proportion croissants d’immigrants, venant notamment de pays a forte prevalence de tuberculose. La couverture vaccinale du BCG a chute de plus de 95% avant 1975 a moins de 2% entre 1976 et 1980, avant d’augmenter a un niveau proche de 16% (ce qui correspond a pres de 88% des groupes a risque recommandes pour la vaccination). La proportion croissante de patients nes a l’etranger atteints de tuberculose par rapport a la totalite des cas dans le pays et la forte incidence âge-specifique parmi les groupes en âge d’avoir des enfants de la population nee a l’etranger, montrent qu’il est necessaire de poursuivre la vaccination ciblee sur les enfants de familles originaires de pays de forte incidence de tuberculose. L’incidence cumulee de la tuberculose dans les 30 cohortes nees en Suede apres 1974 et observees jusqu’a fin 2004 a ete estimee a 0,5 cas pour 100 000 personnes par an. 
La Suede continue a faire partie des pays ou l’incidence de tuberculose est la plus faible, ce qui represente un risque moyen d’infection faible pour la majorite des enfants nes de parents suedois. L’augmentation de la tuberculose observee en 2005, partiellement attribuee a une epidemie dans une creche, souligne les consequences dramatiques de diagnostics tardifs. 
La recherche active de cas est l’action la plus importante pour prevenir la tuberculose chez les enfants, aussi bien par le biais de l’elimination des sources d’infection afin d’eviter la transmission aux enfants, qu’en termes de detection rapide et de traitement des enfants contamines pour arreter la dissemination a large echelle de la tuberculose.
TCT-343 Valve in Valve Trans-catheter Aortic Valve Implantation Versus Redo Surgical Aortic Valve replacement in patients with failing aortic bioprostehsis: A Meta Analysis
Authors: Nikhil Nalluri, Samer Saouma, Sainath Gaddam, Boutros Karam, Deepak Asti, Nileshkumar Patel, Sushruth Edla, Ritesh Kanotra, Emad Barsoum, Varun Kumar, Dixitha Anugula, Anusha Chidharla, Saqib Abbasi, Frank Tamburrino, Mohammed Imam, Gregory Maniatis, Ruben Kandov, James Lafferty, Chad Kliger, Mauricio Cohen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Robotic-Assisted Surgery
Authors: Jason D. Wright
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Intermittent hypoxia enhances survival of human neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Rave Sanker Ezhilarasan, Indra Mohanam, Meenakshi Shanmugasundaram, Jasti Rao, Sanjeeva Mohanam
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

2052   Neuroblastoma is the most common pediatric solid tumor that arises from the sympathetic nervous system. Neuroblastomas exhibit clinical and biological heterogeneity associated with certain genetic aberrations. Neuroblastoma tumors present hypoxic areas and metastasize to sites such  as bone and bone marrow. Transient hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation are a common phenomena occurring  within most solid tumors. In this study, we investigate the effects of intermittent hypoxia on neuroblastoma cells. The human neuroblastoma cells were exposed to 10 repeated cycles of hypoxia followed by reoxygenation. We found that intermittent hypoxia stabilized the expression of HIF-l α in neuroblastoma cells. The intermittent hypoxia-conditioned neuroblastoma cells were more resistant than the parental cells against hypoxia-induced apoptosis. Intermittent hypoxia also resulted in the selection of cells with resistance to cisplatin and etoposide  in vitro  suggesting alterations in apoptotic pathways following DNA damage signaling. To further understand the underlying mechanisms, the expression of various apoptotic genes was determined in intermittent hypoxia conditioned neuroblastoma cells. Using Western blot analyses, we demonstrated that intermittent hypoxia was accompanied by constitutive changes in the expression pattern of apoptotic genes with upregulation of antiapoptotic genes Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL in neuroblastoma cells. Exposure to hypoxia caused an increase in expression of Bax, Bad and Bid proteins with the activation of caspase-8, 9 and PARP in parental cells but not in intermittent hypoxia-conditioned neuroblastoma cells. Increased capacities to migrate and invade were also observed in hypoxia-conditioned neuroblastoma cells. An increase in gene expression of VEGF and MMP-9 was found in intermittent hypoxia conditioned neuroblastoma cells. In summary, intermittent hypoxia leads to complex functional changes, which are associated with increased resistance toward to chemotherapy and enhanced angiogenic potential.
Small Bowel Metastasis From Hepatocellular Carcinoma Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT But Not by 11C-Acetate PET/CT
Authors: Su Woong Yoo, Dong-Yeon Kim, Changho Lee, Jung-Joon Min, Seong Young Kwon
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2017)

Gastrointestinal tract is rarely a metastatic site of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We present a 43-year-old woman with small bowel metastasis from HCC in which metastasis was detected using F-FDG PET/CT. However, the site of metastasis showed no significant uptake on C-acetate PET/CT. C-acetate PET/CT has a limited value in HCC patients with suspected extrahepatic metastasis, compared with F-FDG PET/CT.
Abstract 13445: Thrombin-Inhibiting Nanoparticle Treatment Focally Reduces NF-kB Activation and Tissue Factor Expression in Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Rohun U Palekar, Andrew P Jallouk, Hua Pan, Samuel A Wickline
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Thrombin plays a significant role in atherogenesis through PAR-1 signaling on various cell types and downstream activation of NF-kB, a potent driver of inflammation and hypercoagulability via tissue factor (TF) production in plaques. Herein, we demonstrate the use of perfluorocarbon nanoparticles (NP) bound to the direct thrombin inhibitor D-phenylalanyl-L-prolyl-L-chloromethylketone (PPACK: 13650 per NP) for downregulation of NF-kB activity and inhibition of tissue factor (TF) production. Methods and Results: Cell surface TF expression was assessed in vitro using a functional assay of Xa generation on human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and THP-1 monocytes following a six hour incubation with 1 U/ml and 4 U/ml thrombin and either saline, free PPACK, control NP or PPACK NP. Treatment with PPACK NP in both cell types at the two thrombin concentrations completely suppressed excess surface tissue factor expression over baseline levels, in contrast to cells treated with saline or control NP. Thrombin’s ability to activate NF-kB in HAECs via degradation of the cytoplasmic regulatory complex IkB was fully inhibited by PPACK NP as well. PPACK NP were evaluated in vivo in ApoE-/- mice fed a Western diet for a total of 4 months. The mice received 1 ml/kg saline, control NP or PPACK NP intravenously 3 times/week for the final month of feeding. Following treatment, aortas were sectioned for histological analysis of tissue factor expression and NF-kB activation. PPACK NP treatment resulted in a 25.95% decrease in plaque associated tissue factor (Figure, p = 0.027) and diminished phosphorylated-p65 staining compared to saline and control NP treatment. Clotting parameters and bleeding times normalized within 60 min of i.v. delivery of PPACK NP. Conclusion: Inhibition of thrombin and PAR-1 signaling with PPACK NP exhibits a sustained reduction in local NF-kB activation and tissue factor expression in atherosclerotic plaques without causing a bleeding diathesis.
Hospice utilization in patients with malignant gliomas
Authors: Deborah Forst, Eric Adams, Ryan Nipp, Allison Martin, Areej El-Jawahri, Ayal Aizer, Justin T Jordan
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Despite recommendations from professional organizations supporting early hospice enrollment for patients with cancer, little research exists regarding end-of-life (EOL) practices for patients with malignant glioma (MG). We evaluated rates and correlates of hospice enrollment and hospice length of stay (LOS) among patients with MG.
Study finds lamotrigine to be safe during pregnancy
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Use of the epilepsy drug lamotrigine during pregnancy does not increase the risk of birth malformations or neurodevelopmental disorder, according to research published in the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology .1

The study, which assessed neurodevelopmental symptoms up to the age of 12 years, is the most extensive long term report regarding children whose mothers took lamotrigine during pregnancy.

Lamotrigine has a good tolerability and safety profile, but is known to cross the placenta. …
Sweet syndrome in patients with and without malignancy: A retrospective analysis of 83 patients from a tertiary academic referral center
Authors: Caroline A. Nelson, Megan H. Noe, Christine M. McMahon, Asha Gowda, Benedict Wu, Hovik J. Ashchyan, Alexander E. Perl, William D. James, Robert G. Micheletti, Misha Rosenbach
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2017)
Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries
Authors: Ashkan Afshin, Marissa B Reitsma, Christopher J L Murray
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

To the Editor: The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) collaborators (July 6 issue) 1 report that more than two thirds of deaths related to high body-mass index (BMI) were due to cardiovascular disease, which suggests that BMI-defined obesity has a major effect on cardiovascular disease.Some readers may wonder whether the perceived burden of obesity could have been even larger if an accurate measure of body fat, instead of BMI, had been used.Data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, involving 30,000 persons assessed with a state-of-the-art method to determine adiposity, suggest that this may not be the case. 2 We observed that BMI had a significantly higher discriminating capacity than bodyfat percentage or fat-mass index for predicting mortality from cardiovascular disease, and our study provided a physiological explanation for this finding.Our data also strongly support the use of BMI for defining obesity at an epidemiologic level, particularly in relation to mortality from cardiovascular disease.Furthermore, these findings suggest that obesity may be defined as an excess of body weight according to height (high BMI), rather than as an excess of body fat (high body-fat percentage or fat-mass index), as is generally stated. 3
Abstract 11928: Galectin-3 is Associated With Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Asymptomatic Individuals in the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: David Aguilar, Vijay Nambi, Wensheng Sun, Elizabeth Selvin, Kunihiro Matsushita, John W McEvoy, Amil M Shah, Scott D Solomon, Eric Boerwinkle, Christie M Ballantyne
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Although galectin-3, an indicator of myocardial fibrosis, provides prognostic value in patients with established heart failure, its prognostic significance in a diverse, asymptomatic population is largely uncharacterized. Objectives: We measured plasma galectin-3 in 9255 individuals free of cardiovascular disease at baseline (visit 4, 1996-1998) and evaluated prospective associations with incident coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF) hospitalization, ischemic stroke, or total mortality in the biracial Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Methods: Outcome incident rates were expressed as number of events per 1,000 patient years. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for the association of quartiles of galectin-3 with each outcome. The models were adjusted for age, gender, race, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, SBP, anti-hypertensive medication, current smoking, diabetes status, estimated GFR, and log NT-proBNP. Interactions for race and sex were ascertained by adding a cross-product of race or sex and galectin-3 in the model. Results: In the adjusted model, increasing quartiles of galectin-3 were independently associated with incident CHD, HF, and mortality ( Table ), with the highest HR for HF. The relationship was not significantly modified by gender or race, except for CHD where galectin-3 was associated with increased risk in whites but not blacks (interaction p=0.04). Galectin-3 quartiles were not associated with incident stroke in adjusted analysis. Conclusion: In a large, bi-racial cohort of individuals free of CVD at baseline, galectin-3 is associated with increased risk of incident CHD, HF, and death. These data implicate myocardial fibrosis in the development of CVD in a community-based population of black and white adults.
Restoration of Natural Killer Cell Antimetastatic Activity by IL12 and Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Isabel Ohs, Laura Ducimetière, Joana Marinho, Paulina Kulig, Burkhard Becher, Sonia Tugues
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Immune checkpoint therapies target tumor antigen-specific T cells, but less is known about their effects on natural killer (NK) cells, which help control metastasis. In studying the development of lung metastases, we found that NK cells lose their cytotoxic capacity and acquire a molecular signature defined by the expression of coinhibitory receptors. In an effort to overcome this suppressive mechanism, we evaluated NK cell responses to the immunostimulatory cytokine IL12. Exposure to IL12 rescued the cytotoxicity of NK cells but also led to the emergence of an immature NK cell population that expressed high levels of the coinhibitory molecules PD-1, Lag-3, and TIGIT, thereby limiting NK cell-mediated control of pulmonary metastases. Notably, checkpoint blockade therapy synergized with IL12 to fully enable tumor control by NK cells, demonstrating that checkpoint blockers are not only applicable to enhance T cell-mediated immunotherapy, but also to restore the tumor-suppressive capacity of NK cells. Cancer Res; 77(24); 7059-71. ©2017 AACR.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) trajectories correlate with overall survival (OS) in men treated with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (AA+P) or placebo plus prednisone: A post-hoc analysis of COU-AA-301 trial data.
Authors: Dominic Pilon, Ajay S. Behl, Rhiannon Kamstra,, Yongling Xiao, Marie-Helene Lafeuille, Patrick Lefebvre, Stephen J. Freedland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e16528 Background: Treatment options for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) have been expanding. AA+P is one therapy that prolongs OS in men with mCRPC. However, it remains challenging to predict the prognosis of men shortly after starting therapy. We identified patterns of PSA change over time (trajectories) for men in the COU-AA-301 trial and examined the association between PSA trajectory and OS. Methods: Data from both treatment arms of the COU-AA-301 trial were used, restricting to men with ≥6 months of follow-up. Log PSA at the first 2 visits post-randomization (84 and 168 days) was used in a modelling procedure to stratify men into 3 groups, each comprised of men with a differing PSA trajectory. Univariate Cox regression assessed the association between trajectory group and OS. Among AA+P patients, predictors of a better trajectory group were identified using multivariate multinomial logistic regression. Results: A total of 913 men (634 AA+P; 279 placebo) were included in the analysis. Group 1 had the lowest mean PSA at both visits post-randomization while Group 3 had the highest. The percent of men in each group and associations with OS are shown in the table. AA+P treated men were more likely to be in a favorable group. Versus Group 1, risk of death was 2.8 and 4.9 times higher in Group 2 and 3, respectively. Exploratory modelling among AA+P patients identified that older age and higher baseline log PSA were among the most important predictors of being assigned to a worse PSA trajectory group (Group 2 or 3 vs 1). Conclusions: In a post-hoc analysis of COU-AA-301 trial data, 3 PSA trajectories over the first 6-months post-randomization were identified and correlated with OS. AA+P treated men were more likely to have a favorable PSA trajectory. The findings suggest that AA+P may be associated with PSA changes post-initiation that may in turn predict survival, although further study is needed. [Table: see text]
TCT-291 3-Year Results of Patients Undergoing Everolimus-eluting Bioresorbable Scaffolds Implantation During Daily Clinical Routine
Authors: Jens Wiebe, Petra Hoppmann, Felix Voll, Tobias Rheude, Roisin Colleran, Sebastian Kufner, Salvatore Cassese, Michael Joner, Adnan Kastrati, Robert Byrne
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)