tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Distribution of E-Cigarette Use Among U.S. Adults: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2016
Authors: Mohammadhassan Mirbolouk, Paniz Charkhchi, Sina Kianoush, S.M. Iftekhar Uddin, Olusola A. Orimoloye, Rana Jaber, Aruni Bhatnagar, Emelia J. Benjamin, Michael E. Hall, Andrew P. DeFilippis, Wasim Maziak, Khurram Nasir, Michael J. Blaha
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

Contemporary data on the prevalence of e-cigarette use in the United States are limited.To report the prevalence and distribution of current e-cigarette use among U.S. adults in 2016.Cross-sectional.Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2016.Adults aged 18 years and older.Prevalence of current e-cigarette use by sociodemographic groups, comorbid medical conditions, and states of residence.Of participants with information on e-cigarette use (n = 466 842), 15 240 were current e-cigarette users, representing a prevalence of 4.5%, which corresponds to 10.8 million adult e-cigarette users in the United States. Of the e-cigarette users, 15% were never-cigarette smokers. The prevalence of current e-cigarette use was highest among persons aged 18 to 24 years (9.2% [95% CI, 8.6% to 9.8%]), translating to approximately 2.8 million users in this age range. More than half the current e-cigarette users (51.2%) were younger than 35 years. In addition, the age-standardized prevalence of e-cigarette use was high among men; lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons; current combustible cigarette smokers; and those with chronic health conditions. The prevalence of e-cigarette use varied widely among states, with estimates ranging from 3.1% (CI, 2.3% to 4.1%) in South Dakota to 7.0% (CI, 6.0% to 8.2%) in Oklahoma.Data were self-reported, and no biochemical confirmation of tobacco use was available.E-cigarette use is common, especially in younger adults, LGBT persons, current cigarette smokers, and persons with comorbid conditions. The prevalence of use differs across states. These contemporary estimates may inform researchers, health care policymakers, and tobacco regulators about demographic and geographic distributions of e-cigarette use.American Heart Association Tobacco Regulation and Addiction Center, which is funded by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
External validity of a prognostic nomogram for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on the 8th edition of the AJCC/UICC staging system: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pu‐Yun OuYang, Kai‐Yun You, Lu‐Ning Zhang, Yao Xiao, Xiao‐Min Zhang, Fang‐Yun Xie
Journal: Cancer Communications (2018)

Abstract Background The tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) staging system does not perform well for guiding individualized induction or adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We attempted to externally validate the Pan's nomogram, developed based on the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) staging system, for patients with locoregionally advanced disease. In addition, we investigated the reliability of Pan's nomogram for selection of participants in future clinical trials. Methods This study included 535 patients with locoregionally advanced NPC who were treated between March 2007 and January 2012. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared with predicted outcomes. The calibration was tested using calibration plots and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test. Discrimination ability, which was assessed using the concordance index, as compared with other predictors. Results Pan's nomogram was observed to underestimate the 5‐year OS of the entire cohort by 8.65% [95% confidence interval (CI) − 9.70 to − 7.60%, P &lt; 0.001] and underestimated the 5‐year OS of each risk group. The differences between the predicted and observed 5‐year OS rates were smallest among low‐risk patients (&lt; 135 points calculated using Pan's nomogram; which predicted minus observed OS, − 6.41%, 95% CI − 6.75 to − 6.07%, P &lt; 0.001) and were largest among high‐risk patients (≥ 160 points) (− 13.56%, 95% CI − 15.48 to − 11.63%, P &lt; 0.001). The Hosmer–Lemeshow test suggested that the predicted and observed 5‐year OS rates had no ideal relationship ( P &lt; 0.001). Pan's nomogram had better discriminatory ability compared with the levels of Epstein–Barr virus DNA acid (EBV DNA) and the 7th or 8th AJCC/UICC staging system, although not better compared with the combination of EBV DNA and the 8th staging system. Additionally, Pan's nomogram was marginally inferior to our predictive model, which included the 8th AJCC/UICC N‐classification, age, gross primary tumor volume, lactate dehydrogenase, and body mass index. Conclusions Pan's nomogram underestimated the 5‐year OS of patients with locoregionally advanced NPC at our cancer center, and may not be a precise tool for selecting participants for clinical trials.
Abstract 17321: Aspirin Use is Associated With Improved Survival in Severely Thrombocytopenic Cancer Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Attila Feher, Rekha Parameswaran, Eytan M Stein, Dipti Gupta
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Objective: Patients with hematologic malignancies are at risk for severe thrombocytopenia (sTP). The risk and benefit of aspirin therapy is not known in thrombocytopenic cancer patients who experience an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Medical records of patients with hematologic malignancies diagnosed with AMI at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center during 2005-2014 were reviewed. sTP was defined as platelet count &lt;50 cells k/μL within 7 days of AMI. Demographics, aspirin use, survival and bleeding outcomes were collected. T-tests and Fisher exact tests were used to compare continuous and categorical variables. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier product limit method; groups were compared with log-rank statistic. Results: 118 patients with hematologic malignancies had AMI. 58/118 (49%) had sTP. 25/58 (43%) of those with sTP received aspirin. Patients were mostly male (70%, n=83), mean age 69±11 years, mean follow up 3.6 years. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma was the most common hematologic diagnosis (36%, n=42). Survival was significantly worse in patients with sTP vs. no sTP (23% vs. 50% at 1 year, log rank p=0.008). When compared to no sTP with AMI, patients with sTP and AMI were less likely to receive aspirin (83% vs 43%, p=0.0001), thienopyridine (27% vs 3%, p=0.0005) and to undergo coronary angiography (30% vs. 5%, p=0.0005) and revascularization (17% vs. 3%, p=0.03). Cancer patients with sTP and AMI who received aspirin had improved survival when compared to those not treated with aspirin, (92% vs. 70% at 7 days, 72% vs. 33% at 30 days and 32% vs. 13% at 1 year, log rank p=0.008). No fatal bleeding events occurred. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) major bleeding occurred in one patient without sTP. Conclusions: In hematologic malignancy patients with AMI and sTP the use of aspirin was associated with improved survival without increase in major bleeding.
Impact of DAT-SPECT on Management of Patients Suspected of Parkinsonism
Authors: Sahar Mirpour, Evrim B. Turkbey, Wael Marashdeh, Riham El Khouli, Rathan M. Subramaniam
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

Objective To evaluate the value of 123 I-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl) nortropane ( 123 I-FP-CIT) dopamine transporter single photon emission computed tomography (DAT-SPECT) to change management strategies of patients suspected of parkinsonism. Method This was an institutional review board–approved, retrospective study. DAT-SPECT scans ordered by movement disorder specialist and neurologists from 2011–2014 were reviewed. Clinical data and radiological reports of 173 patients suspected of parkinsonism were reviewed. The DAT-SPECT scan results were correlated with clinical assessment and treatment changes. Results A total of 173 patients (104 male and 69 female subjects; age, 64.4 ± 12.6 years) suspected of parkinsonism were included. Median duration of symptoms was 36 months (range, 1–480 months). Scans were most often requested when there was diagnostic uncertainty in clinical features (59.6%, 103/173) or to differentiate one other disease from parkinsonism such as Parkinson disease (PD) versus essential tremor (23.7%, 41/173), PD versus drug-induced parkinsonism (8.7%, 15/173), or PD versus psychogenic (6.4%, 11/173) or vascular (1.7%, 3/173) disorders. Patients were classified, according to the DAT-SPECT scanning results, as those with abnormal DAT-SPECT findings (59%, 102/173) and those with normal DAT-SPECT findings (41%, 71/173). In patients with normal DAT-SPECT findings, follow-up management data were available in 76.1% (54/71). The management changed in 39.4% (28/54) after DAT scan with starting a new appropriate medications or supportive therapy in 4.2% (3/28), withholding inappropriate dopaminergic treatment in 11.3% (8/28), or continuing observation in 23.9% (17/28). In patients with abnormal DAT-SPECT findings, follow-up management data were available in 78.4% (80/102). There was change in management of 37.3% (38/80), a new PD treatment was started in 89.5% (34/38). The dose of medication was adjusted in 5.3% (2/38), although the original treatment was not changed. Parkinson disease treatment was stopped in 2.6% (1/38) and discontinued in 2.6% (1/38) based on clinical decision of neurologists despite abnormal DAT-SPECT findings. Conclusions DAT-SPECT findings impacted treatment decisions in 44.7% of patients suspected of Parkinsonism.
Abstract 16439: Proteomic Analysis of Atherogenic Chylomicron Remnants Isolated Selectively From Human Serum
Authors: Daisaku Masuda, Takuya Kobayashi, Masami Sairyou, Takeshi Okada, Masahiro Koseki, Tohru Ohama, Makoto Nishida, Yasushi Sakata, Shizuya Yamashita
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Many studies revealed the relationship between the enteric environment and development of cardiovascular diseases. Chylomicron remnants (CM-Rs), the hydrolyzed products from intestine-derived chylomicrons during the postprandial state, are known to be atherogenic, however it has been difficult to selectively isolate CM-Rs from other lipoproteins. We have, for the first time, established a method to selectively isolate CM-Rs from human serum using a monoclonal anti-apolipoprotein (apo)B-48 antibody, a major protein component of CM-Rs. Hypothesis: We evaluated the proteomic profile of CM-Rs to elucidate their atherogenicity. Methods: Postprandial serum samples of 8 healthy volunteers were collected 3 hours after a high-fat diet. Fractions containing CM-Rs and VLDL-sized particles (d<1.019 g/mL) were collected by ultracentrifugation and immunoaffinity isolation using Sepharose beads containing anti-apoB-48 or anti-apoB-100 mAbs. Serum lipoprotein profiles were analyzed by an HPLC method and the...
The short-term bronchodilator effects of the dual phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 inhibitor RPL554 in COPD
Authors: Dave Singh, Katharine Abbott-Banner, Thomas Bengtsson, Kenneth Newman
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

We investigated the short-term bronchodilator effects of RPL554 (an inhaled dual phosphodiesterase 3 and 4 inhibitor) combined with other bronchodilators in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with reversibility (&gt;150 mL to short-acting bronchodilators). Study 1 was a six-way, placebo-controlled crossover study (n=36) with single doses of RPL554 (6 mg), salbutamol (200 µg), ipratropium (40 µg), RPL554 (6 mg)+salbutamol (200 µg), RPL554 (6 mg)+ipratropium (40 µg) or placebo. Study 2 was a three-way crossover study (n=30) of tiotropium (18 µg) combined with RPL554 (1.5 or 6 mg) or placebo for 3 days. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1 ), lung volumes and specific airway conductance (s G aw ) were measured. In study 1, peak FEV 1 change compared with placebo was similar with RPL554, ipratropium and salbutamol (mean 223, 199 and 187 mL, respectively). The peak FEV 1 was higher for RPL554+ipratropium versus ipratropium (mean difference 94 mL; p&lt;0.0001) and RPL554+salbutamol versus salbutamol (mean difference 108 mL; p&lt;0.0001). In study 2 (day 3), both RPL554 doses caused greater peak FEV 1 effects than placebo. The average FEV 1 (0–12 h) increase was greater with RPL554 6 mg only versus placebo (mean difference 65 mL; p=0.0009). In both studies, lung volumes and s G aw showed greater RPL554 combination treatment effects versus monotherapy. RPL554 combined with standard bronchodilators caused additional bronchodilation and hyperinflation reduction.
Ethical considerations in global HIV phylogenetic research
Authors: Cordelia E M Coltart, Anne Hoppe, Michael Parker, Liza Dawson, Joseph J Amon, Musonda Simwinga, Gail Geller, Gail Henderson, Oliver Laeyendecker, Joseph D Tucker, Patrick Eba, Vladimir Novitsky, Anne-Mieke Vandamme, Janet Seeley, Gina Dallabetta, Guy Harling, M Kate Grabowski, Peter Godfrey-Faussett, Christophe Fraser, Myron S Cohen, Deenan Pillay, Joseph J. Amon, Rachel Baggaley, Edwin J. Bernard, David Burns, Myron S. Cohen, Cordelia C. Coltart, Gina Dallabetta, Liza Dawson, Nikos Dedes, Valerie Delpech, Patrick M. Eba, Christophe Fraser, Gail Geller, Danielle German, Peter Godfrey-Faussett, M. Kate Grabowksi, Irene Hall, Guy Harling, Gail Henderson, Anne Hoppe, Zisis Kozlakidis, Oliver Laeyendecker, Felix Mwanza, Vladimir Novitsky, Michael Parker, Deenan Pillay, Andreas Reis, Janet Seeley, Musonda Simwanga, Joseph D. Tucker, Anne-Mieke Vandamme, Joel O. Wertheim, Rick Zimmerman
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2018)
Relationship between changing patient‐reported outcomes and subsequent clinical events in patients with chronic heart failure: insights from HF‐ACTION
Authors: Nancy Luo, Christopher M. O'Connor, Lauren B. Cooper, Jie‐Lena Sun, Adrian Coles, Shelby D. Reed, David J. Whellan, Ileana L. Piña, William E. Kraus, Robert J. Mentz
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2018)
HIF-1α promotes cyst progression in a mouse model of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Andre Kraus, Dorien J.M. Peters, Bernd Klanke, Alexander Weidemann, Carsten Willam, Gunnar Schley, Karl Kunzelmann, Kai-Uwe Eckardt, Bjoern Buchholz
Journal: Kidney International (2018)
Leading heart surgeon is allowed back to work after judge overturns hospital’s ban
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2018)

A leading heart surgeon at St George’s Hospital in London has won an interim High Court injunction allowing her back to work, after a judge ruled that she had a strongly arguable case that the decision to exclude her was “irrational.”1

Marjan Jahangiri was granted the injunction pending a hearing of her claim that St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust had breached her contract of employment in temporarily excluding her from clinical duties, teaching, and research.

Jahangiri was told that she would be excluded from work on 9 August 2018 as she was about to operate on “Mrs X,” a patient with advanced aortic disease. The valve sparing aortic root replacement surgery …
A grounded cognition perspective on folk-economic beliefs
Authors: Spike W. S. Lee, Norbert Schwarz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2018)

Abstract Thought about abstract concepts is grounded in more concrete physical experiences. Applying this grounded cognition perspective to Boyer &amp; Petersen's (B&amp;P's) folk-economic beliefs, we highlight its implications for the activation, application, cultural acceptance, and context sensitivity of folk-economic beliefs.
Abstract 14910: Vascular Cells Originating From Perivascular Adipose Tissue Contribute to Vasa Vasorum Neovascularization in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Kimie Tanaka, Issei Komuro, Masataka Sata
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Proliferation of vasa vasorum (VV) is observed in the adventitia of arteries with atherosclerotic plaques. It was reported that fat tissue transplantation to carotid artery exaggerated neointimal formation and VV proliferation after wire injury in a hypercholesterolemic mouse model. However, there is no in vivo histological evidence that vascular cells originating from perivascular adipose tissue (PAT) contribute to VV neovascularization. Methods: We established a new mouse model of atherosclerosis, in which the carotid artery is partially ligated (CPL) and exogenous adipose tissue is transplanted in the perivascular area (PVAT). The three branches (external and internal carotid, occipital) of the left carotid artery (LCA) of 20- to 25- week-old male apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice were ligated. Then epididymal adipose tissue from a donor ApoE-/- mouse was transplanted around the LCA (CPL+PVAT, n=5). Carotid partial ligation alone was performed as a control (CPL, n=3). After 8 weeks, on western type diet, LCA was harvested with PAT after biotinylated-Lycopersicon Esculentum (Tomato) lectin perfusion staining. Next, epididymal fat tissue from a male enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) mouse was transplanted around the LCA of another set of male ApoE -/- mice after CPL (n=4). After 8 weeks, LCA was harvested with PAT after perfusion staining of microvessels, embedded in plastic resin, and observed under a confocal microscope. Results: The transplanted adipose tissue engrafted and atherosclerotic lesion developed in LCAs. Intima/media ratio of CPL+PVAT group was similar with that of CPL alone group (p=0.39). Whereas, VV density in adventitial area (outside the elastic lamina within a distance of the thickness of neointima plus media, excluding PAT) near three -fold increased than CPL alone group (p&lt;0.05). In the EGFP fat transplanted mice, a significant portion of VV was GFP positive (GFP positive /total microvessels in adventitia: 12.5 ± 6.2 % ). Conclusions: The vascular cells derived from PAT contribute to VV neovascularization, at least in part, in atherosclerosis.
Is there a role for endothelin-1 receptor antagonists in the treatment of lung fibrosis associated with pulmonary hypertension?
Authors: Jana Grune, Wolfgang M. Kuebler
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a multi-aetiological haemodynamic and pathophysiological condition defined as an increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥25 mmHg at rest, and classified in five subgroups: 1) pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), 2) PH due to left heart disease, 3) PH due to lung disease and/or hypoxia, 4) chronic thromboembolic PH and 5) PH with unclear multifactorial mechanisms [1]. Over the past 20 years, a series of breakthrough therapeutic advances in PAH treatment paved the way for presently four approved drug classes. PAH, however, is a rare disease and the vast majority of PH patients belong to groups 2 and 3 [2], for which no effective therapies have so far been approved [3]. It is possible that macitentan has therapeutic effects in patients with advanced IPF and associated PH <http://ow.ly/NYMs30loVxO>
Twenty-Year Trends in Diagnosed Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among US Children and Adolescents, 1997-2016
Authors: Guifeng Xu, Lane Strathearn, Buyun Liu, Binrang Yang, Wei Bao
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common in US children and adolescents. It is important to understand the most recent prevalence of ADHD and its long-term trends over the past decades. <h3>Objective</h3> To estimate the prevalence of diagnosed ADHD and 20-year trends from 1997 to 2016 among US children and adolescents using nationally representative data. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> In this population-based, cross-sectional survey study (National Health Interview Survey), surveys were conducted annually from 1997 to 2016. A total of 186 457 children and adolescents aged 4 to 17 years from 1997 to 2016 were included in this analysis. Data were collected through in-person household interviews with a parent or guardian. The data analysis was performed in January 2018. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosed by a physician or other health care professional. <h3>Results</h3> Among the included 186 457 children and adolescents (96 017 boys [51.5%], 51 350 Hispanic [27.5%], 91 374 non-Hispanic white [49.0%], 28 808 non-Hispanic black [15.5%], 14 925 non-Hispanic other race [8.0%]), 14 704 children and adolescents (7.9%; 10 536 boys [71.7%], 2497 Hispanic [17.0%], 9010 non-Hispanic white [61.3%], 2328 non-Hispanic black [15.8%], and 869 non-Hispanic other race [5.9%]) were reported to have ever been diagnosed with ADHD. The weighted prevalence of diagnosed ADHD was 10.2% (95% CI, 9.6%-10.8%) in 2015-2016. There were significant sex and racial/ethnic disparities in the prevalence of diagnosed ADHD. The prevalence was 14.0% (95% CI, 13.1%-15.0%) in boys and 6.3% (95% CI, 5.6%-7.0%) in girls, 6.1% (95% CI, 5.2%-7.0%) in Hispanic individuals, 12.0% (95% CI, 11.1%-12.9%) in non-Hispanic white individuals, and 12.8% (95% CI, 11.0%-14.5%) in non-Hispanic black individuals. Over the 20-year period, the estimated prevalence of diagnosed ADHD in US children and adolescents increased from 6.1% in 1997-1998 to 10.2% in 2015-2016 (<i>P</i>for trend &lt;.001). All subgroups by age, sex, race/ethnicity, family income, and geographic regions showed a significant increase in the prevalence from 1997-1998 to 2015-2016. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> This study's findings suggest that among US children and adolescents, the estimated prevalence of diagnosed ADHD increased significantly between 1997-1998 and 2015-2016. This study suggests that additional research is needed to better understand the cause of this apparent rise in prevalence.
Abstract 2555: Vascular Brachytherapy an Effective Therapy for Patients with Drug-Eluting Stent Restenosis
Authors: Laurent Bonello, Kimberley Kaneshige, Axel de Labriolle, Probal Roy, Daniel H Steinberg, Tina L Pinto Slottow, Zhenyi Xue, Rebecca Torguson, William Suddath, Lowell Satler, Augusto Pichard, Ron Waksman
Journal: Circulation (2008)

The rates of drug-eluting stent (DES) in-stent restenosis (ISR) exceeds 10% in difficult subsets of patients and lesions. The optimal management of DES ISR remains unclear. Vascular brachytherapy (VBT) was proven to be effective for the treatment of bare metal stent (BMS) ISR but its outcome for DES ISR has not established. We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of VBT for DES ISR lesions. Ninety-nine consecutive patients who presented with ISR following DES implantation in 122 lesions were subjected to conventional PCI with adjunct VBT using either a beta radiation system [Beta Rail in 74 patients (82.2%) and the Galileo system in 13 patients 14.4%] or gamma radiation [Checkmate system in 3 patients (3.3%)]. Patients were followed clinically for MACE during 1-year follow-up. More than half of the patients had a previous coronary artery bypass surgery. A high proportion of patients (55%) had complex ISR with diffuse or proliferate pattern and 31.1% had recurrences of ISR to the same site. Procedural success was documented in all patients post-VBT with uneventful course during hospitalization. At 12 months’ follow-up the TLR rate was 11.1% and the overall MACE rate was 24.4%. Patients with multiple episodes of ISR to the same site had a MACE rate of 32%. There were no reports of stent thrombosis in any of the patients. VBT for the treatment of DES ISR was found to be effective and safe and should be considered a viable tool for the treatment of DES ISR, in particular in complex patients with multiple recurrences.
miR-21 ablation and obeticholic acid ameliorate NASH in mice
Authors: P.M. Rodrigues, M.B. Afonso, A.L. Simão, C.C. Carvalho, A. Trindade, A. Duarte, P.M. Borralho, M.V. Machado, H. Cortez-Pinto, C.M.P. Rodrigues, R.E. Castro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2017)