tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Butyrate reduces appetite and activates brown adipose tissue via the gut-brain neural circuit
Authors: Zhuang Li, Chun-Xia Yi, Saeed Katiraei, Sander Kooijman, Enchen Zhou, Chih Kit Chung, Yuanqing Gao, José K van den Heuvel, Onno C Meijer, Jimmy F P Berbée, Marieke Heijink, Martin Giera, Ko Willems van Dijk, Albert K Groen, Patrick C N Rensen, Yanan Wang
Journal: Gut (2017)

Objective Butyrate exerts metabolic benefits in mice and humans, the underlying mechanisms being still unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of butyrate on appetite and energy expenditure, and to what extent these two components contribute to the beneficial metabolic effects of butyrate. Design Acute effects of butyrate on appetite and its method of action were investigated in mice following an intragastric gavage or intravenous injection of butyrate. To study the contribution of satiety to the metabolic benefits of butyrate, mice were fed a high-fat diet with butyrate, and an additional pair-fed group was included. Mechanistic involvement of the gut-brain neural circuit was investigated in vagotomised mice. Results Acute oral, but not intravenous, butyrate administration decreased food intake, suppressed the activity of orexigenic neurons that express neuropeptide Y in the hypothalamus, and decreased neuronal activity within the nucleus tractus solitarius and dorsal vagal complex in the brainstem. Chronic butyrate supplementation prevented diet-induced obesity, hyperinsulinaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and hepatic steatosis, largely attributed to a reduction in food intake. Butyrate also modestly promoted fat oxidation and activated brown adipose tissue (BAT), evident from increased utilisation of plasma triglyceride-derived fatty acids. This effect was not due to the reduced food intake, but explained by an increased sympathetic outflow to BAT. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy abolished the effects of butyrate on food intake as well as the stimulation of metabolic activity in BAT. Conclusion Butyrate acts on the gut-brain neural circuit to improve energy metabolism via reducing energy intake and enhancing fat oxidation by activating BAT.
Phase II study of Crizotinib in East Asian patients (pts) with ROS1+ advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: Koichi Goto, James CHYang, Dong-Wan Kim, Shun Lu, Jianying Zhou, Takashi Seto, Jin-Ji Yang, Jolanda Paolini, Debasish Roychowdhury, Yi-Long Wu
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
TCT-215 Assessment of the non-culprit lesion in patients with STEMI: a comparison between FFR and iFR
Authors: Nina van der Hoeven, Gladys Janssens, Guus de Waard, Henk Everaars, Casper Beijnink, Robin Nijveldt, Christopher Cook, Justin Davies, Niels van Royen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Tethering Interleukin-22 to Apolipoprotein A-I Ameliorates Mice from Acetaminophen-induced Liver Injury
Authors: Wei Chen, Xuyao Zhang, Jiajun Fan, Wenjing Zai, Jingyun Luan, Yubin Li, Shaofei Wang, Qicheng Chen, Yichen Wang, Yanxu Liang, Dianwen Ju
Journal: Theranostics (2017)

Increasing evidence indicates that interleukin-22 (IL-22) holds tremendous potential as a protective agent in preventing liver injury, but its pleiotropic effects and pathogenic role in carcinogenesis, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis restrict its systemic application. Here, we first developed a nanoparticle (liposIA) as a liver-targeted agent through IL-22 tethered to apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) in a gene therapy vector. LiposIA was prepared using thin film dispersion method and the complexes exhibited desirable nanoparticle size, fine polydisperse index, highly efficient transfection, and excellent serum and storage stability. Biodistribution and hepatic STAT3 phosphorylation studies revealed that IL-22 tethered to ApoA-I led to highly efficient liver targeting. More importantly, our studies showed that a single-dose of liposIA was able to protect mice against acetaminophen-induced liver injury and did not initiate inflammatory response or systemic toxicity in vivo. During this process, activated STAT3/Erk and Akt/mTOR signaling transductions were observed, as well as inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which prevented mitochondrial dysfunction. These studies demonstrated that IL-22 tethered to apolipoprotein A-I could target and ameliorate acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury, which highlighted that a targeted strategy for IL-22 delivery might have broad utility for the protection of hepatocellular damage.
TCT-34 Prediction of acute kidney injury after TAVR by new biomarkers
Authors: Mani Arsalan, Matthias Renker, Luise Gaede, Maren Weferling, Arnaud Van Linden, Johannes Blumenstein, Helge Möllmann, Mirko Doss, Karl Lackner, Giovanni Filardo, Christian Hamm, Thomas Walther, Won Kim, Christoph Liebetrau
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Abstract 19738: Biomarkers of Exposures and Cardiovascular Toxicity of Smokeless Tobacco Products
Authors: Marina V Malovichko, Iris Zeller, Abhinav Agarwal, Srinivas D Sithu, Tatiana V Krivokhizhina, Nalinie S Wickramasinghe, Millicent G Winner, Michelle E Smith, James P McCracken, Aruni Bhatnagar, Daniel J Conklin, Sanjay Srivastava
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Eight million people in the United States use smokeless tobacco products (ST). Epidemiological studies on ST and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are contradictory and non-conclusive. While some studie...
ROC-king onwards: intraepithelial lymphocyte counts, distribution and role in coeliac disease mucosal interpretation
Authors: Georg Oberhuber, Alexander Moschen, Andreas Entenmann, Harald Vogelsang
Journal: Gut (2017)

We read with interest the paper of Rostami et al , which was recently published in Gut . Counting intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) is considered highly useful in the histological evaluation of small intestinal biopsy specimens. When combined with the assessment of mucosal architecture and of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria, a precise histological diagnosis is possible in the majority of cases. Currently, there is an ongoing debate on the number of IEL that can safely be considered diagnostic for coeliac disease (CD). In our opinion, the recently published attempt by Rostami et al 1 turns out to be insignificant due to the following shortcomings: the controls used were neither sex-matched nor age-matched. Controls showing any abnormality …
TREM2 deficiency exacerbates tau pathology through dysregulated kinase signaling in a mouse model of tauopathy
Authors: Shane M. Bemiller, Tyler J. McCray, Kevin Allan, Shane V. Formica, Guixiang Xu, Gina Wilson, Olga N. Kokiko-Cochran, Samuel D. Crish, Cristian A. Lasagna-Reeves, Richard M. Ransohoff, Gary E. Landreth, Bruce T. Lamb
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2017)

Genetic variants of the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-2 (TREM2) confer increased risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Recent studies provided insight into the multifaceted roles of TREM2 in regulating extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) pathology, myeloid cell accumulation, and inflammation observed in AD, yet little is known regarding the role of TREM2 in regulating intracellular microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT; tau) pathology in neurodegenerative diseases and in AD, in particular. Here we report that TREM2 deficiency leads to accelerated and exacerbated hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau in a humanized mouse model of tauopathy. TREM2 deficiency also results, indirectly, in dramatic widespread dysregulation of neuronal stress kinase pathways. Our results suggest that deficiency of microglial TREM2 leads to heightened tau pathology coupled with widespread increases in activated neuronal stress kinases. These findings offer new insight into the complex, multiple roles of TREM2 in regulating Aβ and tau pathologies.
TCT-223 Predictive Value of Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Patients
Authors: Charl Khalil, Michael Pham, Abhishek Sawant, Aishwarya Bhardwaj, Tharmathai Ramanan, Everett Sinibaldi, Rosemary Hansen, Shannon Baldo, Gerald Colern, Vijay Iyer
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Aumento importante das infecções a Salmonella em 2003 em Holanda : uma consequencia da onda de calor ou da epidémia de gripe aviaria ?
Authors: W van Pelt, D. J Mevius, H G Stoelhorst, S Kovats, A. W van de Giessen, W J B Wannet, Y T H P Duynhoven
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2004)

Em junho de 2003, o Centro nacional holandes de salmonelas declarou un aumento significativo da taxa de isolamentos de Salmonella Enteritidis, comparada com os anos anteriores na maioria dos laboratorios regionais de saude publica. Fim 2003, este excesso era de 540 casos confirmados microbiologicamente para toda Holanda, o que significa uma estimacao de 7500 casos de gastro-enteritis causadas por S. Enteritidis em excesso na populacao geral, ou seja um aumento de 50% em comparacao com os anos pasados. A onda de calor do vereao 2003 nao e suficiente para explicar esses resultados. Argumentos cientificos mostram que devido a epidemia concomitente de gripe aviaria, o aumento da importacao de ovos contaminados com salmonelas, e possivelmente a razao desse excesso.
Abstract 16629: Cardiosphere-derived Cells Rescue T-tubule Microdomains in HFpEF Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Ying Fu, Romain Gallet, Rui Zhang, Eduardo Marbán, Joshua I Goldhaber, Robin M Shaw, TingTing Hong
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction:  Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) die primarily of cardiovascular causes, with sudden death being the single leading mode of death. The key pathophysiology of heart failure with reduced EF (HFrEF) includes widened t-tubule and abnormal calcium transients. cBIN1 (cardiac isoform of Bridging Integrator 1) is a membrane scaffolding protein organizing t-tubule dyads which are critical for normal calcium cycling. cBIN1 is reduced in HFrEF, impairing microdomain formation and increasing arrhythmia risk.   Hypothesis:  Reduction of cBIN1 and related pathological remodeling of t-tubules contribute to HFpEF pathophysiology, and cardiosphere-derived cells (CDC) can reverse these abnormalities.   Methods:  Dahl Salt-sensitive rats were fed low-salt (control) or high-salt diets (a phenotype-verified HFpEF responsive to CDC therapy; Gallet et al.,  JACC BTS  2016). Cardiomyocytes were isolated from control and HFpEF rats treated 4 weeks earlier with either intracoronary placebo or CDCs. Confocal and super-resolution STORM imaging were used to analyze t-tubule morphology, cBIN1 expression, and the distribution of dyad proteins Cav1.2 and RyR (ryanodine receptors).   Results:  cBIN1 at t-tubules is reduced in HFpEF myocytes. The t-tubule remodeling occurs with reduced local Cav1.2 and RyR. Along with the functional rescue reported by Gallet et al., CDC treatment increased cBIN1 and corrected t-tubule remodeling, doubling Cav1.2 expression at t-tubules. Moreover, RyR localization to the junctional SR membrane is impaired in HFpEF cardiomyocytes, and normalized by CDC treatment (Figure 1).   Conclusion:  cBIN1 is reduced and cBIN1-microdomains at t-tubules are impaired in HFpEF, reducing Cav1.2-RyR colocalization. CDC treatment rescues cBIN1-microdomains to normalize Cav1.2-RyR couplons at dyads. These changes in cBIN1 and couplons underlie the contractile abnormalities and their rescue by CDCs in this model of HFpEF.
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy as a Treatment for Chronic Tinnitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Laurence McKenna, Elizabeth M. Marks, Christopher A. Hallsworth, Roland Schaette
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2017)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Background:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Tinnitus is experienced by up to 15% of the population and can lead to significant disability and distress. There is rarely a medical or surgical target and psychological therapies are recommended. We investigated whether mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) could offer an effective new therapy for tinnitus. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Methods:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; This single-site randomized controlled trial compared MBCT to intensive relaxation training (RT) for chronic, distressing tinnitus in adults. Both treatments involved 8 weekly, 120-min sessions focused on either relaxation (RT) or mindfulness meditation (MBCT). Assessments were completed at baseline and at treatment commencement 8 weeks later. The primary outcomes were tinnitus severity (Tinnitus Questionnaire) and psychological distress (Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation - Non-Risk, CORE-NR), 16 weeks after baseline. The analysis utilized a modified intention-to-treat approach. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Results:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; A total of 75 patients were randomly allocated to MBCT (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 39) or RT (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 36). Both groups showed significant reductions in tinnitus severity and loudness, psychological distress, anxiety, depression, and disability. MBCT led to a significantly greater reduction in tinnitus severity than RT, with a mean difference of 6.3 (95% CI 1.3-11.4, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.016). Effects persisted 6 months later, with a mean difference of 7.2 (95% CI 2.1-2.3, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.006) and a standardized effect size of 0.56 (95% CI 0.16-0.96). Treatment was effective regardless of initial tinnitus severity, duration, or hearing loss. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; MBCT is effective in reducing tinnitus severity in chronic tinnitus patients compared to intensive RT. It also reduces psychological distress and disability. Future studies should explore the generalizability of this approach and how outcome relates to different aspects of the intervention.
EEB: el contexto regulador europeo
Authors: T Chalus, I Peutz
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2000)

La crisis de la Encefalopatia Espongiforme Bovina (EEB) ha suscitado un replanteamiento de la gestion de la Comunidad Europea en materia de seguridad alimentaria. Entre el 28 de julio de 1989, fecha de inicio de las restricciones en la exportacion de cierto ganado vivo desde el Reino Unido, y el 29 de junio de 2000, fecha de prohibicion del uso de ciertos tejidos con riesgo de EEB, denominados Material de Riesgo Especifico (MRE), en toda la Union Europea, todas las Decisiones adoptadas se basaron en clausulas preventivas definidas en las distintas directivas veterinarias. A su termino, y de acuerdo con el Tratado de Amsterdam, todas estas Decisiones deberan ser sustituidas por una legislacion primaria adoptada por el Parlamento Europeo, el Consejo, y la Comision Europea.
Associations between Ambient Fine Particulate Oxidative Potential and Cardiorespiratory Emergency Department Visits
Authors: Joseph Y. Abrams, Rodney J. Weber, Mitchel Klein, Stefanie E. Samat, Howard H. Chang, Matthew J. Strickland, Vishal Verma, Ting Fang, Josephine T. Bates, James A. Mulholland, Armistead G. Russell, Paige E. Tolbert
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2017)

Oxidative potential (OP) has been proposed as a measure of toxicity of ambient particulate matter (PM).Our goal was to address an important research gap by using daily OP measurements to conduct population-level analysis of the health effects of measured ambient OP.A semi-automated dithiothreitol (DTT) analytical system was used to measure daily average OP (OPDTT) in water-soluble fine PM at a central monitor site in Atlanta, Georgia, over eight sampling periods (a total of 196 d) during June 2012-April 2013. Data on emergency department (ED) visits for selected cardiorespiratory outcomes were obtained for the five-county Atlanta metropolitan area. Poisson log-linear regression models controlling for temporal confounders were used to conduct time-series analyses of the relationship between daily counts of ED visits and either the 3-d moving average (lag 0-2) of OPDTT or same-day OPDTT. Bipollutant regression models were run to estimate the health associations of OPDTT while controlling for other pollutants.OPDTT was measured for 196 d (mean=0.32 nmol/min/m3, interquartile range=0.21). Lag 0-2 OPDTT was associated with ED visits for respiratory disease (RR=1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 1.05 per interquartile range increase in OPDTT), asthma (RR=1.12, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.22), and ischemic heart disease (RR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.38). Same-day OPDTT was not associated with ED visits for any outcome. Lag 0-2 OPDTT remained a significant predictor of asthma and ischemic heart disease in most bipollutant models.Lag 0-2 OPDTT was associated with ED visits for multiple cardiorespiratory outcomes, providing support for the utility of OPDTT as a measure of fine particle toxicity. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1545.
Investigación de un brote de amibiasis en Georgia
Authors: P Kreidl, P Imnadze, L Baidoshvili, D Greco
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1999)

La Entamoeba histolytica, un parasito protozoario, esta presente en todo el mundo y se estima que un 12% de la poblacion mundial esta infectada (1). La prevalencia de la infeccion varia de un 1% en los paises industrializados a 50%-80% en los paises tropicales, donde es habitual la transmision de quistes de E. histolytica a traves del agua sin depurar. La ingestion de alimentos y agua contaminados con quistes de E. histolytica de heces humanas y el contacto oral fecal directo son los modos mas frecuentes de infeccion (2,3); sin embargo, practicamente no se declaran brotes debidos a E. histolytica.
Effectiveness of cervical screening after age 60 years according to screening history: Nationwide cohort study in Sweden
Authors: Jiangrong Wang, Bengt Andrae, Karin Sundström, Alexander Ploner, Peter Ström, K. Miriam Elfström, Joakim Dillner, Pär Sparén
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2017)

The relatively high incidence of cervical cancer in women at older ages is a continuing concern in countries with long-established cervical screening. Controversy remains on when and how to cease screening. Existing population-based studies on the effectiveness of cervical screening at older ages have not considered women's screening history. We performed a nationwide cohort study to investigate the incidence of cervical cancer after age 60 years and its association with cervical screening at age 61-65, stratified by screening history at age 51-60.Using the Total Population Register, we identified 569,132 women born between 1 January 1919 and 31 December 1945, resident in Sweden since age 51. Women's cytological screening records, cervical cancer occurrence, and FIGO stage (for those diagnosed with cancer) were retrieved from national registers and medical charts. We calculated the cumulative incidence of cervical cancer from age 61 to age 80 using a survival function considering competing risk, and estimated the hazard ratio (HR) of cervical cancer in relation to screening status at age 61-65 from Cox models, adjusted for birth cohort and level of education, conditioning on women's screening history in their 50s. In women unscreened in their 50s, the cumulative incidence up to age 80 was 5.0 per 1,000 women, and screening at age 61-65 was associated with a lower risk for cervical cancer (HR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.24-0.72), corresponding to a decrease of 3.3 cancer cases per 1,000 women. A higher cumulative incidence and similarly statistically significant risk decrease was seen for women with abnormal smears in their 50s. In women adequately or inadequately screened with only normal results between age 51 and age 60, the cumulative incidence of cervical cancer from age 61 to 80 was 1.6 and 2.5 per 1,000 women, respectively, and further screening at age 61-65 was not associated with statistically significant decreases of cervical cancer risk up to age 80, but with fewer cancer cases of advanced stages at age 61-65. Adjustment for potential lifestyle confounders was limited.In this study, cervical screening with cytology at age 61-65 was associated with a statistically significant reduction of subsequent cervical cancer risk for women who were unscreened, or screened with abnormalities, in their 50s. In women screened with normal results in their 50s, the risk for future cancer was not sizeable, and the risk reduction associated with continued screening appeared limited. These findings should inform the current debate regarding age and criteria to discontinue cervical screening.
2017 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and their major subgroups
Authors: Ingrid E Lundberg, Anna Tjärnlund, Matteo Bottai, Victoria P Werth, Clarissa Pilkington, Marianne de Visser, Lars Alfredsson, Anthony A Amato, Richard J Barohn, Matthew H Liang, Jasvinder A Singh, Rohit Aggarwal, Snjolaug Arnardottir, Hector Chinoy, Robert G Cooper, Katalin Dankó, Mazen M Dimachkie, Brian M Feldman, Ignacio Garcia-De La Torre, Patrick Gordon, Taichi Hayashi, James D Katz, Hitoshi Kohsaka, Peter A Lachenbruch, Bianca A Lang, Yuhui Li, Chester V Oddis, Marzena Olesinska, Ann M Reed, Lidia Rutkowska-Sak, Helga Sanner, Albert Selva-O'Callaghan, Yeong-Wook Song, Jiri Vencovsky, Steven R Ytterberg, Frederick W Miller, Lisa G Rider
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Objective</h3> To develop and validate new classification criteria for adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and their major subgroups. <h3>Methods</h3> Candidate variables were assembled from published criteria and expert opinion using consensus methodology. Data were collected from 47 rheumatology, dermatology, neurology and paediatric clinics worldwide. Several statistical methods were used to derive the classification criteria. <h3>Results</h3> Based on data from 976 IIM patients (74% adults; 26% children) and 624 non-IIM patients with mimicking conditions (82% adults; 18% children), new criteria were derived. Each item is assigned a weighted score. The total score corresponds to a probability of having IIM. Subclassification is performed using a classification tree. A probability cut-off of 55%, corresponding to a score of 5.5 (6.7 with muscle biopsy) 'probable IIM', had best sensitivity/specificity (87%/82% without biopsies, 93%/88% with biopsies) and is recommended as a minimum to classify a patient as having IIM. A probability of ≥90%, corresponding to a score of ≥7.5 (≥8.7 with muscle biopsy), corresponds to 'definite IIM'. A probability of &lt;50%, corresponding to a score of &lt;5.3 (&lt;6.5 with muscle biopsy), rules out IIM, leaving a probability of ≥50 to &lt;55% as 'possible IIM'. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology (EULAR/ACR) classification criteria for IIM have been endorsed by international rheumatology, dermatology, neurology and paediatric groups. They employ easily accessible and operationally defined elements, and have been partially validated. They allow classification of 'definite', 'probable' and 'possible' IIM, in addition to the major subgroups of IIM, including juvenile IIM. They generally perform better than existing criteria.