tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
“SRING-TO-RING” TRACTION TECHNIQUE FOR ESD – THE FIRST EXPERIENCE
Authors: A Mitrakov, V Kriazhov
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Between October 2016 and September 2017, 20 cases ESDs of the malignant lesions larger than 3 cm in the rectum were performed. The patients were divided into two groups (“string-to-ring” ESD, n = 12; conventional ESD, n = 8). The “string-to-ring” method is to create traction using a thread fixed to the edge of the tumor that is moved through a ring located on the clip on the opposite wall. The results for “string-to-ring” ESD and conventional ESD were compared. Time of the procedure, the frequency of complications and curative resection numbers were evaluated.
Abstract 13376: Early Statin Therapy Improves Clinical Outcomes Than Delayed Statin Treatment in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Po-Sheng Chen, Yi-Heng Li, Ching-Lan Chang, Yea-Huei Kao Yang
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Objectives: Recent evidence showed that statin therapy is beneficial in secondary prevention for acute ischemic stroke (IS). But the optimal timing of initiation of statin use is still under debate...
Immunotherapy Combinations and Sequences in Urothelial Cancer: Facts and Hopes
Authors: Alejo Rodriguez-Vida, Jose Luis Perez-Gracia, Joaquim Bellmunt
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy that achieves significant clinical benefit in several tumor types, including urothelial cancer. Overall, these agents have shown objective response rates of around 20% to 23%, which indicates that a significant proportion of patients do not benefit from immunotherapy when given as monotherapy. Moreover, despite an initial response to therapy and an improvement in the median duration of response compared with chemotherapy, still only half of the patients develop long-term maintained remissions. Active research is ongoing in several fields, aiming to increase the number of patients that benefit from ICI, and this research is largely based on the development of biomarkers for personalized immunotherapy and novel combinations of ICI with other agents. This article will review ongoing efforts to develop combinations of ICI with other therapeutic strategies in patients with urothelial cancer, including chemotherapy, targeted agents, other immunotherapy strategies, and radiotherapy.
Endoscopia digestiva en un hospital de tercer nivel: Análisis del tipo de paciente, factores de riesgo y complicaciones inmediatas
Authors: M Torner Simó, A Toledo Soriano, P Flórez Díez, F Fernández Cadenas, C Viñuela Lobo, A Gómez Outomuro, M Fraile López, A Castaño Garcia, E Rubio, A Suárez González
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

La endoscopia constituye una herramienta diagnóstica y terapéutica muy útil para el abordaje de patología digestiva de todo tipo. Su aplicabilidad se ha extendido siendo una alternativa menos invasiva que la cirugía y constituyendo una opción terapéutica en aquellos pacientes que presentan comorbilidad asociada.
Sex-Based Differences in Outcomes of Oral Anticoagulation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Sharon W.Y. Law, Wallis C.Y. Lau, Ian C.K. Wong, Gregory Y.H. Lip, Michael T. Mok, Chung-Wah Siu, Esther W. Chan
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Chimeric Antigen Receptor Therapy
Authors: Carl H. June, Michel Sadelain
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Interview with Dr. Carl June on chimeric antigen receptor therapy. (09:04)Download This review addresses T-cell engineering and synthetic immunity, with a focus on producing durable remissions in patients with treatment-refractory tumors. Toxic effects of chimeric antigen receptor therapies include cytokine release syndrome and neurologic dysfunction.
Carriage rate of Neisseria meningitidis among university students
Authors: A. Gilmore
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Smoking research of the 1950s could be celebrated in UK and US stampsEditor-Tobacco Control reproduced anti-tobacco postage stamps on the covers of its first six issues. [1]2][3][4] By 1992, 43 countries had issued anti-tobacco stamps, 1 and Poland issued an antismoking postcard as far back as 1971.Sixty five countries have now issued anti-tobacco stamps or other postal items.Two of the recent issues are from Libya in 1995 and Romania in 1999 (figures).By contrast, 125 countries have
Selective disruption of TLR2-MyD88 interaction inhibits inflammation and attenuates Alzheimer’s pathology
Authors: Suresh B. Rangasamy, Malabendu Jana, Avik Roy, Grant T. Corbett, Madhuchhanda Kundu, Sujyoti Chandra, Susanta Mondal, Sridevi Dasarathi, Elliott J. Mufson, Rama K. Mishra, Chi-Hao Luan, David A. Bennett, Kalipada Pahan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2018)

Induction of TLR2 activation depends on its association with the adapter protein MyD88. We have found that TLR2 and MyD88 levels are elevated in the hippocampus and cortex of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in a 5XFAD mouse model of AD. Since there is no specific inhibitor of TLR2, to target induced TLR2 from a therapeutic angle, we engineered a peptide corresponding to the TLR2-interacting domain of MyD88 (TIDM) that binds to the BB loop of only TLR2, and not other TLRs. Interestingly, WT TIDM peptide inhibited microglial activation induced by fibrillar Aβ1-42 and lipoteichoic acid, but not 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, dsRNA, bacterial lipopolysaccharide, flagellin, or CpG DNA. After intranasal administration, WT TIDM peptide reached the hippocampus, reduced hippocampal glial activation, lowered Aβ burden, attenuated neuronal apoptosis, and improved memory and learning in 5XFAD mice. However, WT TIDM peptide was not effective in 5XFAD mice lacking TLR2. In addition to its effects in 5XFAD mice, WT TIDM peptide also suppressed the disease process in mice with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and collagen-induced arthritis. Therefore, selective targeting of the activated status of 1 component of the innate immune system by WT TIDM peptide may be beneficial in AD as well as other disorders in which TLR2/MyD88 signaling plays a role in disease pathogenesis.
FDA advisers were paid $10 000 to $1.9m for future industry work
Authors: Bob Roehr
Journal: BMJ (2018)

The Food and Drug Administration’s drug approval process may be tainted by financial conflicts of interest with drug companies that are based not only on present and past ties but also on future ones that may be created.

An investigation by the journal Science 1 identified 107 physician advisers who served on FDA advisory committees and matched them with financial ties with industry that were declared in journal articles and other sources, including the federal Open Payments website during 2013-16.

It found that 40 of those advisers who had reviewed a drug application from a company or competitor later received over $10 000 (£7570: €8590) from …
Abstract 15242: TIGAR Improves Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension by Suppressing Autophagy and Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Ryoetsu Yamanaka, Kuniyoshi Fukai, Atsushi Hoshino, Shuhei Tateishi, Daichi Hato, Sakiko Honda, Yohei Fushimura, Ryota Urata, Yoshito Minami, Eri Iwai-Kanai, Satoaki Matoba
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction:  Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease that is characterized by uncontrolled vascular remodeling and sustained elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure. Although various treatments are applied in a clinical setting, its prognosis remains poor. The establishment of novel therapeutic targets based on the molecular pathogenesis is a clinically urgent issue. TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator(TIGAR) is a downstream target of p53 known as a tumor suppressor, and have functions to inhibit autophagy and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recently, it was shown that inhibition of p53 reduced the progression of PAH. On the other hand, many reports elucidated that inhibition of autophagy and ROS improved PAH. We examined the effect of TIGAR on the progression of PAH.   Methods and Results:  We compered the development of PH between the TIGAR deficient (KO) mice and wild type (WT) mice using hypoxia-induced PH model. From the analysis of right ventricular pressure, right heart weight, and mortality rate, the development of hypoxia-induced PH was remarkedly higher in TIGAR KO mice than in WT mice. Pathological investigations revealed that medial thickening of the pulmonary arterioles, which is a characteristic of hypoxia-induced PH, was increased in TIGAR KO mice, suggesting that the deficiency of TIGAR is involved in the hypoxia-induced aberrant proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in hypoxia-induced PH. In vitro experiments using human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells(PASMCs) showed that knockdown of TIGAR by siRNA increased the proliferation and migration under hypoxia exposure. We also found that TIGAR siRNA-treated PASMCs exacerbated autophagy and increased generation of ROS in hypoxia. Chloroquine, the inhibitor of autophagy, and N-acetylcysteine, ROS inhibitor, partially attenuated proliferation and migration of PASMC caused by knockdown of TIGAR and hypoxia exposure.   Conclusions:  TIGAR suppressed proliferation and migration of PASMC by inhibiting autophagy and ROS, therefore improved hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. TIGAR may represent a promising therapeutic target for PAH.
Scale of research misconduct is unknown because of poor reporting by universities, say MPs
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2018)

A quarter of UK universities are failing to produce an annual report on research integrity, a parliamentary inquiry has found.

The report by the Commons Science and Technology Committee identified a “lack of consistent transparency” in reporting data on the number of misconduct investigations, and inconsistency in the way the information is recorded.

These failings have made it difficult to calculate the scale of research misconduct in the UK, it concluded.

The report examined what is known about problems arising from errors, questionable practices, and fraud in research, and what action is needed to make sure that …
Proteogenomic Analysis of Surgically Resected Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Michael F. Sharpnack, Nilini Ranbaduge, Arunima Srivastava, Ferdinando Cerciello, Simona G. Codreanu, Daniel C. Liebler, Celine Mascaux, Wayne O. Miles, Robert Morris, Jason E. McDermott, James L. Sharpnack, Joseph Amann, Christopher A. Maher, Raghu Machiraju, Vicki H. Wysocki, Ramaswami Govindan, Parag Mallick, Kevin R. Coombes, Kun Huang, David P. Carbone
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2018)
Salmonella Enteritidis fagotipo 29 en Austria : una oportunidad para considerar la relevancia de la carne de pollo como una fuente de infecciones humanas por salmonella
Authors: C Berghold, C. Kornschober, I Lederer, F Allerberger
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2004)

Asumiendo que los distintos fagotipos de Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) son igualmente virulentos, se puede estimar la importancia de ciertos alimentos como fuente de infecciones para las salmonelosis humanas segun las diferencias en la distribucion de los fagotipos en las muestras humanas y no humanas. En Austria, se aislo por la primera vez en 2002 S. Enteritidis del fagotipo 29 en muestras no humanas. Fue identificado ese fagotipo en 44 cepas de S. Enteritidis de las 159 (27,7%), procedentes de muestras veterinarias de pollo o de su entorno (carne, menudillos, muestras del gallinero y de las heces). En la carne vendida al detalle (pollo, higado), de los 38 aislamientos de S. Enteritidis, cinco (27,7%) eran del fagotipo 29. La proporcion de este mismo fagotipo en muestras humanas era muy inferior, no representando mas que el 0,40% de todos aislamientos de S. Enteritidis en 2002 (30 aislamientos primarios humanos) y el 0,33% en 2003 (23 aislamientos primarios humanos). Nuestra opinion es que la diferencia entre la prevalencia alta de S. Enteritidis en los pollos y en la carne de pollo y el escaso numero de casos humanos de S. Enteritidis muestra que la carne de pollo de origen austriaca no es una fuente importante de infecciones humanas por S. Enteritidis.
Comparing the eighth and the seventh editions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system and the Brigham and Women's Hospital alternative staging system for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: Implications for clinical practice
Authors: Javier Cañueto, Javier Burguillo, David Moyano-Bueno, Alex Viñolas-Cuadros, Alberto Conde-Ferreirós, Luis Antonio Corchete-Sánchez, Jesús Pérez-Losada, Concepción Román-Curto
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2018)
Services for cleft lip and palate
Authors: J H. Goldin
Journal: BMJ (1995)

objective of a reduction in weight.This is the only measure of dietary compliance presented, except that 74% and 69% of non-obese and obese subjects respectively remained on the diet alone (but with no weight loss; in fact they gained weight).I appreciate the difficulties of doing such a large study over so many years with so many centres participating, but this does not excuse the authors from drawing conclusions that may be misleading.A more prudent conclusion might have been that dietary advice given as part of normal care did not work but that there is no evidence to say whether a predetermined diet, given under controlled conditions with compliance properly monitored, is not effective.At a pragmatic level "usual care" is what people get, and this study is therefore helpful in that sense, but if readers draw the conclusion that diet does not work under any circumstances then this paper will have been unhelpful.
Phenotype molding of stromal cells in the lung tumor microenvironment
Authors: Diether Lambrechts, Els Wauters, Bram Boeckx, Sara Aibar, David Nittner, Oliver Burton, Ayse Bassez, Herbert Decaluwé, Andreas Pircher, Kathleen Van den Eynde, Birgit Weynand, Erik Verbeken, Paul De Leyn, Adrian Liston, Johan Vansteenkiste, Peter Carmeliet, Stein Aerts, Bernard Thienpont
Journal: Nature Medicine (2018)
Risk of Solid Cancer After Treatment of Testicular Germ Cell Cancer in the Platinum Era
Authors: Harmke J. Groot, Sjoukje Lubberts, Ronald de Wit, Johannes A. Witjes, Jan Martijn Kerst, Igle J. de Jong, Gerard Groenewegen, Alfons J.M. van den Eertwegh, Philip M. Poortmans, Heinz-Josef Klümpen, Hetty A. van den Berg, Tineke J. Smilde, Ben G.L. Vanneste, Maureen J. Aarts, Luca Incrocci, Alfons C.M. van den Bergh, Katarzyna Jóźwiak, Alexandra W. van den Belt-Dusebout, Simon Horenblas, Jourik A. Gietema, Flora E. van Leeuwen, Michael Schaapveld
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

Purpose Testicular cancer (TC) treatment increases risk of subsequent malignant neoplasms (SMNs). It is unknown whether changes in TC treatment over time have affected SMN risk. Methods Solid SMN risk was evaluated in a multicenter cohort comprising 5,848 1-year survivors treated for TC before age 50 years between 1976 and 2007. SMN incidence was compared with cancer incidence in the general population. Treatment-specific risks were assessed using multivariable regression in a case-cohort design. Results After a median follow-up of 14.1 years, 350 solid SMNs were observed, translating into a 1.8-fold (95% CI, 1.6-2.0) increased risk compared with general population rates. Solid SMN risk was increased in patients with seminoma and those with nonseminoma (standardized incidence ratio, 1.52 and 2.21, respectively). Patients with nonseminoma experienced increased risk of SMNs of the thyroid, lung, stomach, pancreas, colon, and bladder and of melanoma and soft tissue sarcoma, whereas those with seminoma experienced increased risk of SMNs of the small intestine, pancreas, and urinary bladder. The 25-year cumulative incidence of solid SMNs was 10.3% (95% CI, 9.0% to 11.6%). In multivariable analysis, platinum-based chemotherapy was associated with increased risk of a solid SMN (hazard ratio [HR], 2.40; 95% CI, 1.58 to 3.62), colorectal SMN (HR, 3.85; 95% CI, 1.67 to 8.92), and noncolorectal GI SMN (HR, 5.00; 95% CI, 2.28 to 10.95). Receipt of platinum 400 to 499 and ≥ 500 mg/m2 increased solid SMN risk compared with surgery only (HR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.40 to 4.23 and HR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.50 to 3.90, respectively), whereas risk was not significantly increased with lower doses (HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 0.90 to 3.43). The HR of a GI SMN increased by 53% (95% CI, 26% to 80%) per 100 mg/m2 of platinum-containing chemotherapy. The HR of an infradiaphragmatic SMN increased by 8% per Gray of radiation dose administered (95% CI, 6% to 9%; P < .001). Conclusion Radiotherapy and platinum-containing chemotherapy are associated with increased solid SMN risk, specifically with GI SMNs.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE DIAGNOSTIC WORKUP AND ROLE OF ESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENOSCOPY – RESULTS OF HUPIR, A NATIONWIDE PAEDIATRIC IBD REGISTRY
Authors: K Müller, G Veres
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

The diagnostic yield of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was never evaluated in any nationwide inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) registry. We evaluated whether diagnostic workup of paediatric IBD patients fulfils Porto Criteria in Hungary. In addition, we analyzed the diagnostic yield of EGD.
PROVISION OF AN 8AM GI BLEED SERVICE – IS THERE SCOPE FOR IMPROVEMENT? A DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL EXPERIENCE IN UNITED KINGDOM
Authors: KS Kok, L Scovell
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

To assess the utility of two daily 8am, pre-working hours weekday endoscopy slots, dedicated to patients presenting with Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed (AUGIB), in conjunction with the local AUGIB service
Endoprótesis metálica guiada por ultrasonografía endoscópica en el tratamiento de colecciones peri-pancreáticas
Authors: A Castellot Martín, L Peña Ferrera, A Monescillo Francia, L Betancor Hernández, I Ciordia Nalda, J Rodríguez Castellot, A Cruz Bonilla, V Sosa De La Nuez, P Saiz Udaeta, JM Marrero Monroy
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

La ultrasonografía endoscópica (USE) permite valorar colecciones peripancreáticas y drenarlas con tasas de resolución altas. Existen varios modelos de endoprótesis metálicas de aposición luminal con distinto manejo.
Abstract 2319: Genetic Variations Of <i>Mrf-2/Arid5b</i> Confer Risk Of Coronary Artery Disease And Diabetes Mellitus In The Japanese Population
Authors: Guoqin Wang, Masafumi Watanabe, Yasushi Imai, Kazuo Hara, Ichiro Manabe, Koji Maemura, Sahohime Matsumoto, Momoko Horikoshi, Takashi Kadowaki, Tsutomu Yamazaki, Ryozo Nagai
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Mrf-2/Arid5b, a member of AT-rich interaction domain family of transcription factors, is highly expressed in the cardiovascular system and is believed to play essential roles in the phenotypic change through its regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation. In addition, recent studies on gene-engineered mice suggested that this transcriptional factor is involved in obesity and adipogenesis, which are critical aspects of metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus. Thus, we hypothesized that genetic variations of the Mrf-2 gene may be associated with susceptibility to coronary artery disease (CAD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). To examine the association between Mrf-2 polymorphisms and CAD, we investigated 17 common SNPs of Mrf-2 in 475 CAD subjects and 310 control subjects. Four nearby SNPs (rs2893880, rs10740055, rs7087507 and rs10761600) showed almost complete linkage disequilibrium, and disease associations were revealed not only for individual SNPs ( P =0.0002, rs2893880; P =0.0067, rs7087507, respectively) but also for their haplotype combination ( P =0.04, G-C-G-A (rs2893880-rs10740055-rs7087507-rs10761600)). Furthermore, these positive disease associations still existed after logistic regression analysis was performed to eliminate confounding conventional coronary risk factors. Subsequent analysis revealed that the aforementioned SNPs also statistically conferred risk of DM. To confirm these findings, we recruited another 500 DM subjects and 500 control subjects, and assessed the same haplotype block for their disease associations. Consistent significant associations were observed ( P =0.0238, rs2893880; P =0.0014, rs10740055; P =0.0067, rs7087507; P =0.0022, rs10761600; P =0.0031 and P =0.04, C-A-A-T and G-C-G-A (rs2893880-rs10740055-rs7087507- rs10761600), respectively). Moreover, the disease-associated genotypes were also revealed to be correlated with the level of serum adiponectin, which is known as an anti-diabetic adipocytokine. . In conclusion, our study implicates genetic variations of Mrf-2 as previously unknown genetic risk factors for CAD and DM. We believe that the associations of Mrf-2 with CAD may be mediated at least partly via its associations with DM.
Metabolic signaling directs the reciprocal lineage decisions of αβ and γδ T cells
Authors: Kai Yang, Daniel Bastardo Blanco, Xiang Chen, Pradyot Dash, Geoffrey Neale, Celeste Rosencrance, John Easton, Wenan Chen, Changde Cheng, Yogesh Dhungana, Anil KC, Walid Awad, Xi-Zhi J. Guo, Paul G. Thomas, Hongbo Chi
Journal: Science Immunology (2018)

Development of αβ and γδ T cells requires coupling of environmental signals with metabolic and redox regulation by mTORC1.
Cross-sex Hormones and Acute Cardiovascular Events in Transgender Persons
Authors: Darios Getahun, Rebecca Nash, W. Dana Flanders, Tisha C. Baird, Tracy A. Becerra-Culqui, Lee Cromwell, Enid Hunkeler, Timothy L. Lash, Andrea Millman, Virginia P. Quinn, Brandi Robinson, Douglas Roblin, Michael J. Silverberg, Joshua Safer, Jennifer Slovis, Vin Tangpricha, Michael Goodman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction in transgender persons may be related to hormone use. Objective: To examine the incidence of these events in a cohort of transgender persons. Design: Electronic medical record–based cohort study of transgender members of integrated health care systems who had an index date (first evidence of transgender status) from 2006 through 2014. Ten male and 10 female cisgender enrollees were matched to each transgender participant by year of birth, race/ethnicity, study site, and index date enrollment. Setting: Kaiser Permanente in Georgia and northern and southern California. Patients: 2842 transfeminine and 2118 transmasculine members with a mean follow-up of 4.0 and 3.6 years, respectively, matched to 48 686 cisgender men and 48 775 cisgender women. Measurements: VTE, ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction events ascertained from diagnostic codes through the end of 2016 in transgender and reference cohorts. Results: Transfeminine participants had a higher incidence of VTE, with 2- and 8-year risk differences of 4.1 (95% CI, 1.6 to 6.7) and 16.7 (CI, 6.4 to 27.5) per 1000 persons relative to cisgender men and 3.4 (CI, 1.1 to 5.6) and 13.7 (CI, 4.1 to 22.7) relative to cisgender women. The overall analyses for ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction demonstrated similar incidence across groups. More pronounced differences for VTE and ischemic stroke were observed among transfeminine participants who initiated hormone therapy during follow-up. The evidence was insufficient to allow conclusions regarding risk among transmasculine participants. Limitation: Inability to determine which transgender members received hormones elsewhere. Conclusion: The patterns of increases in VTE and ischemic stroke rates among transfeminine persons are not consistent with those observed in cisgender women. These results may indicate the need for long-term vigilance in identifying vascular side effects of cross-sex estrogen. Primary Funding Source: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
THE BOUGIE-CAP: A NEW METHOD FOR TREATMENT OF OESOPHAGEAL STRICTURES
Authors: B Walter, S Schmidbaur, A Hann, A Meining
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Current treatment strategies for therapy of non-malignant stenoses of the upper GI tract comprise polyvinyl Savary-Gilliard dilators or dilatation ballons. A major problem of these techniques is the lack of optical and haptic feedback of the dilation. Furthermore, wire guidance and X-ray imaging is often necessary to control the position.