tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Outcomes After Adjustable Gastric Banding
Authors: Paul O’Brien, Wendy Brown
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Risk stratification of hepatic encephalopathy in liver cirrhosis patients: Novel strategy with novel concerns
Authors: Bo Zheng, Yan‐Jing Zhu, Seogsong Jeong, Hong‐Yang Wang, Lei Chen
Journal: Hepatology (2017)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. Author names in bold designate shared co‐first authorship. TO THE EDITOR: We read with great interest the recent article by Tapper et al.1 in Hepatology (November 2017), which aims to explore the potential risk stratification standard of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in liver cirrhosis patients using the U.S. national Veterans Administration data. Tapper et al. reported that low albumin level and high bilirubin level are significant risk factors for HE; additionally, nonselective beta‐blocker use is also correlated with increased risk of developing HE. More intriguingly, their study suggests a protective role of statins in reducing complications, including HE, in cirrhosis patients. However, we would like to raise the following comments. In Tapper et al.'s study, racial distribution of recruited patients (n = 1,979) is rather an imbalance considering that most recruited patients are Americans. By contrast, minority patients (n = 114) are rather insufficient in such a study designed to set up efficient and applicable stratification criteria worldwide. Of all the under‐recruited minorities, Asians should be taken into serious consideration, especially China‐resident Asians, given that China has nearly 10 million hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers, an astonishing number of potential patients who might develop chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis afterward. Furthermore, because of dietary habits and cultural/genetic differences, Asians a lower rate of obesity than American populations, which suggests that lipid‐lowering drugs like statins are more widely used in America. Given that the participation of Asians in this study is low, identifying statins use as a protective factor lowering HE occurrence in liver cirrhosis patients might still need more evidence. Of all the patients in Tapper et al.'s study, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection background is enrolled as a cohort characteristic while HBV infection is not. We understand that this arrangement is out of the consideration that in developed countries HCV is mainly responsible for chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. However, HBV is the most common chronic viral infection in the world, with nearly 30% of the world's population showing evidence of current or past HBV infection, and it is estimated that more than 20,000 people die of HBV‐related liver cirrhosis worldwide each year. Additionally, according to our search in the PubMed database, several investigations reported specific dysregulated brain activities in HE of HBV‐related cirrhosis, which may indicate an underlying relationship between HBV infection and HE pathogenesis.2 However, there are no such reports regarding the characteristic brain functional abnormalities in HE of HCV‐related cirrhosis. In summary, we believe clarification regarding the above‐mentioned omissions would greatly solidify the conclusions of their study.
Inactivation of the Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptor Improves Outcomes following Experimental Myocardial Infarction
Authors: John R. Ussher, Jonathan E. Campbell, Erin E. Mulvihill, Laurie L. Baggio, Holly E. Bates, Brent A. McLean, Keshav Gopal, Megan Capozzi, Bernardo Yusta, Xiemin Cao, Safina Ali, Minsuk Kim, M. Golam Kabir, Yutaka Seino, Jinya Suzuki, Daniel J. Drucker
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2017)
Genomic and Epigenomic Profiling of High-Risk Intestinal Metaplasia Reveals Molecular Determinants of Progression to Gastric Cancer
Authors: Kie Kyon Huang, Kalpana Ramnarayanan, Feng Zhu, Supriya Srivastava, Chang Xu, Angie Lay Keng Tan, Minghui Lee, Suting Tay, Kakoli Das, Manjie Xing, Aliya Fatehullah, Syed Muhammad Fahmy Alkaff, Tony Kiat Hon Lim, Jonathan Lee, Khek Yu Ho, Steven George Rozen, Bin Tean Teh, Nick Barker, Chung King Chia, Christopher Khor, Choon Jin Ooi, Kwong Ming Fock, Jimmy So, Wee Chian Lim, Khoon Lin Ling, Tiing Leong Ang, Andrew Wong, Jaideepraj Rao, Andrea Rajnakova, Lee Guan Lim, Wai Ming Yap, Ming Teh, Khay Guan Yeoh, Patrick Tan
Journal: Cancer Cell (2017)
Within-host evolution of Enterococcus faecium during longitudinal carriage and transition to bloodstream infection in immunocompromised patients
Authors: Danesh Moradigaravand, Theodore Gouliouris, Beth Blane, Plamena Naydenova, Catherine Ludden, Charles Crawley, Nicholas M. Brown, M. Estée Török, Julian Parkhill, Sharon J. Peacock
Journal: Genome Medicine (2017)

Enterococcus faecium is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infection, particularly in the immunocompromised. Here, we use whole genome sequencing of E. faecium to study within-host evolution and the transition from gut carriage to invasive disease. We isolated and sequenced 180 E. faecium from four immunocompromised patients who developed bloodstream infection during longitudinal surveillance of E. faecium in stool and their immediate environment. A phylogenetic tree based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the core genome of the 180 isolates demonstrated several distinct clones. This was highly concordant with the population structure inferred by Bayesian methods, which contained four main BAPS (Bayesian Analysis of Population Structure) groups. The majority of isolates from each patient resided in a single group, but all four patients also carried minority populations in stool from multiple phylogenetic groups. Bloodstream isolates from each case belonged to a single BAPS group, which differed in all four patients. Analysis of 87 isolates (56 from blood) belonging to a single BAPS group that were cultured from the same patient over 54 days identified 30 SNPs in the core genome (nine intergenic, 13 non-synonymous, eight synonymous), and 250 accessory genes that were variably present. Comparison of these genetic variants in blood isolates versus those from stool or environment did not identify any variants associated with bloodstream infection. The substitution rate for these isolates was estimated to be 128 (95% confidence interval 79.82 181.77) mutations per genome per year, more than ten times higher than previous estimates for E. faecium. Within-patient variation in vancomycin resistance associated with vanA was common and could be explained by plasmid loss, or less often by transposon loss. These findings demonstrate the diversity of E. faecium carriage by individual patients and significant within-host diversity of E. faecium, but do not provide evidence for adaptive genetic variation associated with invasion.
Abstract 11777: Acute and Long-term Success After Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmia Ablation: Clinical Outcome of Manual and Robotic Catheter Ablation
Authors: Leendert J de Vries, Astrid A Hendriks, Sing C Yap, Dominic A Theuns, Ron T van Domburg, Tamas Szili-Torok
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: The aim of this study was to compare the acute and long-term success of idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia ablation using manual catheter navigation (MAN) to the magnetic navigation system (MNS). Methods: Procedural data of 50 consecutive patients (20 MAN, 30 MNS) with idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia who underwent catheter ablation at our center were analyzed. Acute and cumulative success rates, procedure, fluoroscopy and ablation times and long-term follow-up data were recorded. Results: Patient age, gender and VT site were distributed equally. Acute success was achieved in 55% of the MAN group and 70% of the MNS group (P = 0,370), cumulative success in 55,0% versus 86,7% (P = 0,021). Procedure times were even (168,0 ± 68,3 vs 163,6 ± 64,7 minutes; P = 0,604). Median fluoroscopy time was significantly shorter in the MNS group (35 (15,0-46,1) vs 18 (9,9-28,0) minutes; P = 0,042). Overall, significantly more complications occurred in the MAN group (30,0% vs 6,7%; P = 0,047). There was no significant difference in major and minor complications (10% vs 0%; P = 0,155 and 20,0% vs 6,7%; P = 0,202, respectively). Median follow-up was 65.0 months (55.0 - 84.7 months) for the MAN group and 80.5 months (68.5 - 86.0 months) for the MNS group (P = 0,094). Long term significant symptom relief was equal in both groups (94,7% vs 100%; P = 0,404). Conclusion: MNS is a favorable technique for the ablation of IVA’s in the long-term due to higher cumulative success rates and a better procedural safety profile
Erratum: A gene expression signature for high-risk multiple myeloma
Authors: R Kuiper, A Broyl, Y de Knegt, M H van Vliet, E H van Beers, B van der Holt, L el Jarari, G Mulligan, W Gregory, G Morgan, H Goldschmidt, H M Lokhorst, M van Duin, P Sonneveld
Journal: Leukemia (2014)
Extensive High-Depth Sequencing Of Longitudinal CLL Samples Identifies Frequent Mutations In MAP Kinase Signaling and Novel Mutations Activating Notch and Beta-Catenin
Authors: Jeffrey R Gardner, Michelle K. Nahas, Jie He, Minal Patel, Kristina M. Knapp, M. Lia Palomba, Roman Yelensky, Amy L Donahue, Geoff A. Otto, Maria Arcila, Ahmet Dogan, Jae H Park, Andrew D. Zelenetz, Doron Lipson, Martin S. Tallman, Ross L. Levine, Philip J. Stephens, Marcel R. M. van den Brink, Vincent A. Miller, Mark L Heaney, Omar Abdel-Wahab
Journal: Blood (2013)
Phase 1 results of PTC596, a novel small molecule targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs) by reducing levels of BMI1 protein.
Authors: Jeffrey R. Infante, Philippe L. Bedard, Geoffrey Shapiro, Todd Michael Bauer, Amy Prawira, Oscar Laskin, Marla Weetall, John Baird, Art Branstrom, Edward O'Mara, Robert J. Spiegel
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

2574 Background: PTC596 is an oral investigational new drug that reduces levels of BMI1, a protein required for CSC survival. PTC596 reduced the number of CSCs in preclinical models and slowed growth rates of tumor xenografts in rodent models. The primary objectives of this first-in-human trial of PTC596 were to determine safety, dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), maximum tolerated dose (MTD), and pharmacokinetics (PK). Secondary objectives included exploratory assessments of biological efficacy, pharmacodynamic changes and anti-tumor activity. Methods: A Phase I multi-center, open-label study was conducted in patients with advanced solid tumors using a modified 3+3 design, followed by a dose-confirmatory 10-patient expansion. PTC596 was administered using bodyweight-adjusted twice-per-week (biw) oral dosing in 4 week cycles. Dose escalation and MTD were based on observed cycle 1 DLTs. Anti-tumor activity was assessed by RECIST 1.1. Results: A total of 31 patients with a broad range of tumor types were enrolled at dose levels of 0.65 (N = 3), 1.3 (N = 3), 2.6 (N = 3), 5.2 (N = 11), 7 (N = 8) and 10 mg/kg (N = 3). Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea were the most common all grade adverse events, though usually mild and manageable. At 10 mg/kg one patient experienced DLTs of neutropenia, mucositis, and thrombocytopenia. The other two patients at this dose level also experienced poor tolerability with Grade 2 nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea that may be partially due to the overall pill burden and excipients. The recommended dose for the expansion and further study was 7 mg/kg. Over the dosing range, plasma concentrations of PTC596 increased in an approximately dose-proportional manner and at doses of 2.6 mg/kg and above exceeded those associated with activity in vitro and in vivo models. Best response was stable disease in 5 patients including two with minor radiographic reductions in tumor volume. Conclusions: PTC596 is tolerable with manageable gastrointestinal side effects. At 7 mg/kg biw exposures exceeded those associated with preclinical activity and future clinical studies are planned for this first-in class molecule that targets CSCs. Clinical trial information: NCT02404480.
Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson Disease Dementia
Authors: Wissam Deeb, Michael S. Okun, Leonardo Almeida
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Renal Fanconi syndrome with meropenem/amoxicillin-clavulanate during treatment of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: Miriam E. Abadie, Jeffrey R. Strich, Tiffany Kim, Yingda L. Xie, Kevin P. Fennelly, Kenneth N. Olivier, Meryl Waldman, Kriti Arora, Steven M. Holland, Ray Y. Chen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2017)

We read with interest the papers by Tiberi et al. [1, 2] describing the effectiveness of meropenem/clavulanate in treating multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis (TB) patients. In these analyses, 96 patients were treated with meropenem/clavulanate for a median of 85 (interquartile range (IQR) 49–156) days with six adverse events, and 84 patients were treated with imipenem/clavulanate for a median (IQR) of 187 (60–428) days and three adverse events, none renally related. We report a patient with XDR-TB who developed renal Fanconi syndrome apparently due to meropenem/amoxicillin-clavulanate. Prolonged use of meropenem/amoxicillin-clavulate to treat XDR-TB may be associated with renal Fanconi syndrome <http://ow.ly/dFSD30gCKti>
Several aspects in study design need further consideration
Authors: Cheng-Bei Zhou, Jing-Yuan Fang
Journal: Gut (2017)

We read with interest the work by Cheung et al 1 describing that patients with prior Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy receiving long-term proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) therapy are still at enhanced risk of gastric cancer development, particularly for non-cardia cancer. As the current consensus report stated, long-term treatment with PPIs in H. pylori -positive patients accelerates the process of loss of specialised glands, leading to atrophic gastritis. Hence, it is recommended that eradication of H. pylori …
Role of A2B adenosine receptors in tumor growth
Authors: Sergey Novitskiy, Sergey Ryzhov, Rinat Zaynagetdinov, Anna Goldstein, Oleg Tikhomirov, Italo Biaggioni, David Carbone, Igor Feoktistov, Mikhail Dikov
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

373  Due to rapid growth, solid tumors experience severe hypoxia and produce high levels of extracellular adenosine. We have previously shown that A2B adenosine receptors up regulate VEGF and other angiogenic factors. To test the hypothesis that A2B adenosine receptors contribute to tumor growth, we used an isograft model of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in A2B adenosine receptors knockout and control mice. We found that genetic ablation of A2B adenosine receptor in the host mice reduced tumor growth and significantly increased median animal survival. Tumor weight, vascular density, and VEGF protein levels were significantly lower in A2B-/- mice compared to control mice when assessed at 14 and 21 day after s.c. LLC injection. At these time points, single cell suspension from tumor tissue was prepared using enzymatic method with a collagenase type I and hyaluronidase and CD45+ cells were isolated by positive selection with magnetic microbeads. Host derived CD45+ cells represented approximately 30% of total tumor cell populations in both A2B knockout and control mice. Tumor-associated CD45+ cells isolated from A2B-/- mice produced significantly lower levels of VEGF (37±5 vs. 149±8 pg per 106 cells in cells from control mice) when stimulated with the stable adenosine analog NECA (10 µM). In contrast, there was no difference in VEGF production between LLC cells (CD45-negative fraction after magnetic isolation) from A2B knockout and control mice. Importantly, we found that the number of Gr1+CD11b+ myeloid immune suppressive cells in spleen and tumor tissue was greatly decreased in A2B knockout mice compared to wild type animals.  We conclude that stimulation of A2B adenosine receptor expressed on tumor-infiltrating CD45+ cells promotes tumor vascularization and growth by stimulation of VEGF production. Pharmacological blockage of A2B adenosine receptor has potential to improve anti-tumor immunity by bringing down the number of Gr1+CD11b+ myeloid immune suppressive cells.
London GP clinic sees big jump in patient registrations after Babylon app launch
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2017)

The London GP surgery offering “virtual” consultations to NHS patients through a new smartphone app registered almost 7000 new patients in the service’s first month, official figures have shown.

Statistics from NHS Digital1 show that the Lillie Road Surgery in Hammersmith increased its registered patient list by 6897 from November to December 2017 (up from 4970 to 11 867) after it launched the “GP at Hand” service in partnership with the digital health company Babylon Health.

The surge in registrations follows a high profile marketing campaign from Babylon around London to promote the service to …
Vaccination of dogs in an African city interrupts rabies transmission and reduces human exposure
Authors: Jakob Zinsstag, Monique Lechenne, Mirjam Laager, Rolande Mindekem, Service Naïssengar, Assandi Oussiguéré, Kebkiba Bidjeh, Germain Rives, Julie Tessier, Seraphin Madjaninan, Mahamat Ouagal, Daugla D. Moto, Idriss O. Alfaroukh, Yvonne Muthiani, Abdallah Traoré, Jan Hattendorf, Anthony Lepelletier, Lauriane Kergoat, Hervé Bourhy, Laurent Dacheux, Tanja Stadler, Nakul Chitnis
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2017)

A citywide dog vaccination effort in Chad reduced the local spread of rabies from dogs to humans.
Genetic Predisposition to High Blood Pressure and Lifestyle Factors
Authors: Raha Pazoki, Abbas Dehghan, Evangelos Evangelou, Helen Warren, He Gao, Mark Caulfield, Paul Elliott, Ioanna Tzoulaki
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: High blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Both heritable and lifestyle risk factors contribute to elevated BP levels. We aimed to investigate the extent to which lifestyle factors could offset the effect of an adverse BP genetic profile and its effect on CVD risk. Methods: We constructed a genetic risk score for high BP by using 314 published BP loci in 277 005 individuals without previous CVD from the UK Biobank study, a prospective cohort of individuals aged 40 to 69 years, with a median of 6.11 years of follow-up. We scored participants according to their lifestyle factors including body mass index, healthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol consumption, smoking, and urinary sodium excretion levels measured at recruitment. We examined the association between tertiles of genetic risk and tertiles of lifestyle score with BP levels and incident CVD by using linear regression and Cox regression models, respectively. Results: Healthy lifestyle score was strongly associated with BP ( P &lt;10 –320 ) for systolic and diastolic BP and CVD events regardless of the underlying BP genetic risk. Participants with a favorable in comparison with an unfavorable lifestyle (bottom versus top tertile lifestyle score) had 4.9, 4.3, and 4.1 mm Hg lower systolic BP in low, middle, and high genetic risk groups, respectively ( P for interaction=0.0006). Similarly, favorable in comparison with unfavorable lifestyle showed 30%, 33%, and 31% lower risk of CVD among participants in low, middle, and high genetic risk groups, respectively ( P for interaction=0.99). Conclusions: Our data further support population-wide efforts to lower BP in the population via lifestyle modification. The advantages and disadvantages of disclosing genetic predisposition to high BP for risk stratification needs careful evaluation.