tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 11270: Liver Disease as a Novel Risk Factor for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: William A Huang, Eric Dunipace, Julie M Sorg, Marmar Vaseghi
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: End-stage liver disease can significantly affect circulating inflammatory peptides, creating a pro-arrhythmic substrate. However, liver disease as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF) has not been previously studied and few studies have evaluated the incidence of AF in this population. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine incidence of AF in patients with cirrhosis and assess liver disease severity as a risk factor for AF. Methods: A single center retrospective chart review of adult patients evaluated for orthotopic liver transplantation between 1/2006 and 12/2015 was performed. Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) severity scores were calculated and presence of AF assessed from chart review and billing codes. Incidence of AF for MELD score severity was quantified and Cox proportional hazard models used to analyze effect of risk factors, including quartiles of MELD score, for AF occurrence. Results: Data from 1694 subjects (age 55±12 years, LVEF 61±7.4%) was analyzed. Mean MELD score was 16±8.5 and AF prevalence was 11.2%. Median follow up was 10.8 months (range 0.5-25). Hypertension was present in 12%, diabetes mellitus in 13%, sleep apnea in 0.7%, coronary artery disease (CAD) in 0.9%, valvular heart disease (VHD) 0.5%, and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in 0.8%. After adjusting for age, gender, VHD, sleep apnea, diabetes, hypertension, LVEF, left atrial enlargement, and LVH, the highest quartile (MELD &gt;30) had a HR of 12 (CI 5.3-29) with decreasing hazard ratios for the third (MELD = 21 to 30, HR of 6.8 (CI 3.8-12)) and second (MELD = 11 to 20, HR of 2.9 (CI 1.8-4.8)) compared to the lowest quartile (MELD = 1 to 10). Older age, sleep apnea, hemodynamic instability, VHD and lower LVEF also proved statistically significant. Conclusion: Patient with cirrhosis have a notable prevalence of AF. Severity of liver disease proved to be an independent risk factor for AF, even after accounting for other traditional risk factors.
Abstract 11644: Differentiating Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy From Hypertensive Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Using Quantitative Layer-specific Speckle-tracking Echocardiography
Authors: Jing Ping Sun, Xianda Ni, Tingyan Xu, Junli Hu, Xing Sheng Yang, Shaochun Wang, Bryan P Yan
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: The distinction of mild to moderate hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) from hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (HLVH) may be difficult. The aim of this study was to determine the value of a novel multi-layer transthoracic echocardiography in differential diagnosis between HCM and HLVH. Methods: Sixty eight patients with HCM and preserved LV ejection fraction (82% male, 50±14 years; LVEF 64±8%); age and sex matched with 68 HLVH (56 male; 50±13 years, LVEF 64±8%) and 68 controls (56 male,50±13 years; LVEF 65±6%) underwent STE (GE Vivid-E9). Quantitative layer-specific longitudinal (LS), circumferential (CS) endocardium, mid-myocardium, and epicardium strain as well as radial strain (RS) assessed by 2-dimensional strain echocardiography. Ratios of endo- to epicardium (end/epi) strain were calculated. Results: The absolute value of LS on all layers of hypertrophic segments (Fig. showing LS was normal only in normal thickness of posterior and apical wall) were significantly less but the ratio of end/epi strain and RS were significantly greater in HCM than in HLVH and control group (p&lt; 0.0001 for all, Table). The LS measurements of all LV segments was less but endocardial CS was greater in HLVH than control and HCM; LV global LS and CS was significantly less in HCM patients than HLVH and controls. Conclusions: Regional variations of strain and higher ratio of end-/epi-myocardial strain can be used to differentiate diagnosis between HCM and HLVH. The higher value of endo-circumferential strain of patients with HLVH and radial strain of patients with HCM might be the complemental mechanism to reserve the normal LVEF.
Nivolumab with or without ipilimumab treatment for metastatic sarcoma (Alliance A091401): two open-label, non-comparative, randomised, phase 2 trials
Authors: Sandra P D'Angelo, Michelle R Mahoney, Brian A Van Tine, James Atkins, Mohammed M Milhem, Balkrishna N Jahagirdar, Cristina R Antonescu, Elise Horvath, William D Tap, Gary K Schwartz, Howard Streicher
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2018)
Biocompatibility of mesenchymal stem cells with a spider silk matrix and its potential use as scaffold for cardiac tissue regeneration
Authors: L. Fuentes, L. Gomez-Cid, M. E. Fernandez-Santos, S. Suarez-Sancho, V. Plasencia, A. Climent, R. Sanz-Ruiz, My Hedhammar, F. Atienza, F. Fernandez-Aviles
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2016)

Biocompatibility of mesenchymal stem cells with a spider silk matrix and its potential use as scaffold for cardiac tissue regeneration
Nasopharyngeal Lactobacillus is associated with a reduced risk of childhood wheezing illnesses following acute respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy
Authors: Christian Rosas-Salazar, Meghan H. Shilts, Andrey Tovchigrechko, Seth Schobel, James D. Chappell, Emma K. Larkin, Tebeb Gebretsadik, Rebecca A. Halpin, Karen E. Nelson, Martin L. Moore, Larry J. Anderson, R. Stokes Peebles, Suman R. Das, Tina V. Hartert
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
NHS data show A&amp;E patients waiting longer and big rise in GP flu consultations
Authors: Nigel Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2018)

New data released on 11 January by NHS England show that services are under considerable pressure,1 but in many cases a lack of comparable figures from previous years limits proper analysis.

Where direct comparisons are possible, the current position seems to be very close to that in the same week last year. For example, on 3 January this year the NHS in England had 98 214 beds open, and 94.3% were occupied. On the same date in 2017 there were 99 918 beds open, at an occupancy rate of 94.2%.

This year 3 January fell on a Wednesday, so a better comparison may be with 4 January 2017, also a Wednesday. On that day 100 511 beds were open, and the occupancy rate was 95.8%.

The new data published by NHS England include ambulance handover delays and show that on 3 January …
Whole-Exome Sequencing in Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Sneh Lata, Maddalena Marasa, Yifu Li, David A. Fasel, Emily Groopman, Vaidehi Jobanputra, Hila Rasouly, Adele Mitrotti, Rik Westland, Miguel Verbitsky, Jordan Nestor, Lindsey M. Slater, Vivette D'Agati, Marcin Zaniew, Anna Materna-Kiryluk, Francesca Lugani, Gianluca Caridi, Luca Rampoldi, Aditya Mattoo, Chad A. Newton, Maya K. Rao, Jai Radhakrishnan, Wooin Ahn, Pietro A. Canetta, Andrew S. Bomback, Gerald B. Appel, Corinne Antignac, Glen S. Markowitz, Christine K. Garcia, Krzysztof Kiryluk, Simone Sanna-Cherchi, Ali G. Gharavi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2017)

Background: The utility of whole-exome sequencing (WES) for the diagnosis and management of adult-onset constitutional disorders has not been adequately studied. Genetic diagnostics may be advantageous in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD), in whom the cause of kidney failure often remains unknown. Objective: To study the diagnostic utility of WES in a selected referral population of adults with CKD. Design: Observational cohort. Setting: A major academic medical center. Patients: 92 adults with CKD of unknown cause or familial nephropathy or hypertension. Measurements: The diagnostic yield of WES and its potential effect on clinical management. Results: Whole-exome sequencing provided a diagnosis in 22 of 92 patients (24%), including 9 probands with CKD of unknown cause and encompassing 13 distinct genetic disorders. Among these, loss-of-function mutations were identified in PARN in 2 probands with tubulointerstitial fibrosis. PARN mutations have been implicated in a short telomere syndrome characterized by lung, bone marrow, and liver fibrosis; these findings extend the phenotype of PARN mutations to renal fibrosis. In addition, review of the American College of Medical Genetics actionable genes identified a pathogenic BRCA2 mutation in a proband who was diagnosed with breast cancer on follow-up. The results affected clinical management in most identified cases, including initiation of targeted surveillance, familial screening to guide donor selection for transplantation, and changes in therapy. Limitation: The small sample size and recruitment at a tertiary care academic center limit generalizability of findings among the broader CKD population. Conclusion: Whole-exome sequencing identified diagnostic mutations in a substantial number of adults with CKD of many causes. Further study of the utility of WES in the evaluation and care of patients with CKD in additional settings is warranted. Primary Funding Source: New York State Empire Clinical Research Investigator Program, Renal Research Institute, and National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health.
Recomendaciones para la vigilancia de la infección por VIH en Europa
Authors: F F Hamers
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1998)

La epidemia de VIH/SIDA en Europa se encuentra ahora en un momento decisivo. En Europa del Oeste la incidencia de casos de SIDA ha ido descendiendo desde 1996, en parte como consecuencia de un nuevo tratamiento mas eficaz de las infecciones por VIH. El efecto retardante de estos tratamientos sobre la progresion de la infeccion por VIH incide significativamente en las tendencias del SIDA, y el numero de casos de SIDA ya no refleja el numero de personas gravemente infectadas por VIH que necesitan atencion medica.
Development of Chemotherapy with Cell-Cycle Inhibitors for Adult and Pediatric Cancer Therapy
Authors: Christopher C. Mills, EA. Kolb, Valerie B. Sampson
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Preclinical and clinical development of agents that inhibit cell-cycle progression have brought an understanding of the feasibility of targeting various cell-cycle regulators in patients with cancer. Small molecule inhibitors targeting key proteins that participate in cell-cycle progression including the cyclin-dependent kinases and checkpoint kinases induce cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in neoplastic cells. Early phase I studies demonstrate targeted inhibitors can be administered safely in adult and pediatric cancer patients, but these agents generally show limited clinical benefits as single agents. In this review, we discuss biological mechanisms that support dual combination strategies of cell-cycle inhibition with chemotherapeutic agents that are anticipated to achieve rationally targeted therapies for cancer patients. The rationale for evaluating these combination strategies is that DNA damage renders tumors highly responsive to irreversible cell-cycle arrest therapy. This approach is predicted to generate less intensive therapies and to maximize the efficacy of individual agents against solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Cancer Res; 78(2); 320-5. ©2018 AACR.
SPARC/Osteonectin expression induces glioma invasion and survival under serum-free conditions
Authors: Qing Shi, Shideng Bao, Darell D. Bigner, Xiao-Fan Wang, Jeremy N. Rich
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

4899   Tumor invasion into normal brain is a major contributor to the failure of glioma treatment. Osteonectin, also known as secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), is overexpressed by gliomas at the tumor-brain interface, reactive astrocytes, and neoangiogenic vasculature implying a role in invasion. We have shown that the expression of osteonectin in human malignant glioma cell lines induces an invasive phenotype through extracellular matrix and into normal brain with expression of specific matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) [Rich JN, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 278: 15951-7, 2003]. Despite gaps in the understanding of the invasion process, specific cell signaling pathways have been linked to regulation of MMP expression and cellular invasion. We now show that treatment of malignant glioma cultures with exogenous osteonectin acutely induces phosphorylation of FAK, JNK, and Akt/PKB and increases activity of the small G-protein, Rac1. Glioma lines constitutively expressing osteonectin also have activation of these same pathways. As invading cells may experience restriction of nutrients relative to the primary tumor, we examined the survival of polyclonal glioma cultures expressing either vector alone or osteonectin under prolonged serum starvation. Cells expressing osteonectin did not differ from vector control in cell cycle fraction under normal serum conditions, but osteonectin expression dramatically lowered the level of apoptosis (4.91 ± 0.01% vs. 0.18 ± 0.02%) and increased G 2  cell cycle fraction (4.16 ± 1.70% vs. 51.85 ± 0.36%) with serum starvation. Combination treatment of serum starved glioma cultures with both serum and osteonectin induced an increase in the phosphorylation of both FAK and Akt suggesting cooperation between the mechanisms by which osteonectin and serum activate these pathways. Thus, glioma expression of osteonectin may promote tumor invasion through induction of cell motility and survival under stress through the activation of specific intracellular pathways involved in cell movement, protease expression, and cell survival.
Margaret McCartney: We need another vote
Authors: Margaret McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2018)

You’re going on holiday to a place called Utopia, which is lovely, or so they say. Your case is packed, and you have your passport and visa.

Then come murmurings about the weather. What do the meteorologists say? Well, we’ve had enough of experts. You’re told that lots of doctors and nurses are leaving Utopia. People from the business world are starting to worry about the effects of trade deals on the economy. A country very nearby, whose recent history of terrorism has been largely quelled, starts to explain how Utopia might destabilise its peace. You read claims that …
Efficacy and safety of RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine with or without a booster dose in infants and children in Africa: final results of a phase 3, individually randomised, controlled trial.
Authors: Emmanuel B. Bache, Selidji Todagbe Agnandji, Bertrand Lell, José Francisco Fernandes, Béatrice Peggy Abossolo, Anita Lumeka Kabwende, Ayôla Akim Adegnika, Benjamin Gottlieb Mordmüller, Peter G. Kremsner, Marguerite M. Loembe, Abraham Sunday Alabi, Saadou Issifou
Journal: The Lancet (2015)
Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Eosinophil Progenitor Cells are Preferentially Increased in Lesional Skin of Subjects with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Sai Sakktee Krisna, Emma Price, Karen J. Howie, Suzanne Beaudin, Michael Aw, Mathew Patel, Paul M. O'Byrne, Hermenio Lima, Gail M. Gauvreau, Roma Sehmi
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Comparison of influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing outpatient and inpatient influenza cases in older adults, northern Spain, 2010/11 to 2015/16
Authors: Jesús Castilla, Iván Martínez-Baz, Ana Navascués, Itziar Casado, Aitziber Aguinaga, Jorge Díaz-González, Josu Delfrade, Marcela Guevara, Carmen Ezpeleta
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2018)

IntroductionWe compared trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in preventing outpatient and inpatient influenza cases in Navarre, Spain. Methods: During seasons 2010/11 to 2015/16, community-dwelling patients with influenza-like illness aged 50 years or older were tested for influenza when attended by sentinel general practitioners or admitted to hospitals. The test-negative design was used to estimate and compare the VE by healthcare setting. Results: We compared 1,242 laboratory-confirmed influenza cases (557 outpatient and 685 inpatient cases) and 1,641 test-negative controls. Influenza VE was 34% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6 to 54) in outpatients and 32% (95% CI: 15 to 45) in inpatients. VE in outpatients and inpatients was, respectively, 41% (95% CI: -1 to 65) and 36% (95% CI: 12 to 53) against A(H1N1)pdm09, 5% (95% CI: -58 to 43) and 22% (95% CI: -9 to 44) against A(H3N2), and 49% (95% CI, 6 to 73) and 37% (95% CI: 2 to 59) against influenza B. Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine was not associated with a different probability of hospitalisation among influenza cases, apart from a 54% (95% CI: 10 to 76) reduction in hospitalisation of influenza A(H3N2) cases. Conclusions: On average, influenza VE was moderate and similar in preventing outpatient and inpatient influenza cases over six influenza seasons in patients above 50 years of age. In some instances of low VE, vaccination may still reduce the risk of hospitalisation in older adults with vaccine failure.
She Smiled as She Walked Away
Authors: Kathleen C. Gallagher
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The financial burden and distress of patients with cancer: Understanding and stepping‐up action on the financial toxicity of cancer treatment
Authors: Pricivel M. Carrera, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Victoria S. Blinder
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2018)

Abstract “Financial toxicity” has now become a familiar term used in the discussion of cancer drugs, and it is gaining traction in the literature given the high price of newer classes of therapies. However, as a phenomenon in the contemporary treatment and care of people with cancer, financial toxicity is not fully understood, with the discussion on mitigation mainly geared toward interventions at the health system level. Although important, health policy prescriptions take time before their intended results manifest, if they are implemented at all. They require corresponding strategies at the individual patient level. In this review, the authors discuss the nature of financial toxicity, defined as the objective financial burden and subjective financial distress of patients with cancer, as a result of treatments using innovative drugs and concomitant health services. They discuss coping with financial toxicity by patients and how maladaptive coping leads to poor health and nonhealth outcomes. They cover management strategies for oncologists, including having the difficult and urgent conversation about the cost and value of cancer treatment, availability of and access to resources, and assessment of financial toxicity as part of supportive care in the provision of comprehensive cancer care. CA Cancer J Clin 2018;68:153‐165 . © 2018 American Cancer Society .
Gastrointestinal protection with dual antiplatelet therapies
Authors: Ian L P Beales
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Dalal and colleagues provide a concise update on the pharmacological and behavioural management of patients after a myocardial infarction.1 This otherwise holistic article does not mention the risks and means of prevention of gastrointestinal bleeding, which is associated with poorer prognosis in this patient population. 

Aspirin monotherapy increases the risk of acute gastrointestinal bleeding—overall rates of 0.6-1.0% are probably reasonably accurate2—but recent data have shown that gastrointestinal …
OncoVEX: A family of oncolytic herpes simplex viruses optimised for therapeutic use
Authors: R. S. Coffin, B. Liu, Z. Han, G. Simpson, J. Hu, C. Coombes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2004)

2601 Background: HSV in which ICP34.5 is inactivated directs tumour selective cell lysis in vitro and in vivo. Such viruses have proven safe in Phase I clinical trials by intra-tumoral injection in glioma and melanoma patients. Oncolytic HSV containing an active gene has not previously been tested in man. Methods: Previous work has used serially passaged isolates of HSV-1 which are attenuated in human tumour cells compared to clinical isolates. To produce improved viruses, we have deleted ICP34.5 from clinical isolates of HSV-1. This greatly enhanced tumour cell killing. One of these viruses was further deleted for ICP47 (which blocks antigen presentation) and GM-CSF was inserted. This aimed to maximize anti-tumour immune responses following injection and provide an in situ, patient-specific, anti-tumour vaccine, combined with oncolysis. Results: The anti-tumour properties of the virus were greatly improved by each of the modifications made. In vivo, both injected and non-injected tumours were cured and animals were protected against further tumour cell challenge. Following this promising data a Phase I clinical trial with the virus (OncoVEXGM-CSF) is underway including patients with a number of tumour types. This has given promising results so far. In addition, further versions of the OncoVEX virus expressing other active genes have been constructed and tested in pre-clinical models. These include viruses expressing TNFproportion and TNFproportion combined with GM-CSF, intended for use with radiotherapy, and versions of the virus expressing pro-drug activating genes combined with the delivery of a fusogenic glycoprotein to maximize the properties of the virus for local tumour control. Each of these have shown promising results in pre-clinical tumour models, including in combination with chemotherapy where synergism has been demonstrated. Conclusions: In summary, continued development of the OncoVEX technology has provided a family of viruses incorporating a range of active genes intended to maximize the effects of the virus under the different circumstances for which oncolytic virus therapy might be considered for clinical use. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration BioVex Ltd. BioVex Ltd. Biovex Ltd.
Erratum: Corrigendum: Reactive oxygen species act through p38 MAPK to limit the lifespan of hematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Keisuke Ito, Atsushi Hirao, Fumio Arai, Keiyo Takubo, Sahoko Matsuoka, Kana Miyamoto, Masako Ohmura, Kazuhito Naka, Kentaro Hosokawa, Yasuo Ikeda, Toshio Suda
Journal: Nature Medicine (2010)
Amplicon-based next-generation sequencing of plasma cell-free DNA for detection of driver and resistance mutations in advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: N. Guibert, Y. Hu, N. Feeney, Y. Kuang, V. Plagnol, G. Jones, K. Howarth, J.F. Beeler, C.P. Paweletz, G.R. Oxnard
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)