tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5146: Administration of <i>Parabacteroides distasonis</i> in the attenuation of colorectal tumorigenesis in a carcinogenic murine model of colorectal cancer
Authors: Camilo Anthony G. Gacasan
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of related deaths in the United States. Interindividual differences in genetic background result in a complex and dynamic system between the gut microbiome and variable phenotypic response to diet as it relates to CRC risk. Previous research from our laboratory investigated CRC susceptibility in an azoxymethane (AOM) murine model using FVB/NJ (FVB) and C57Bl/6J (B6) mice fed a ketogenic (high fat, no carbohydrate) American (high fat, high carbohydrate) or standard (moderate fat, moderate carbohydrate) mouse chow. Tumor multiplicity was dependent on both strain and diet with a four-fold increase reported in FVB mice fed ketogenic diet relative to those fed standard chow. This response was not observed in FVB mice fed the American diet or in B6 mice on any of the three diets. A subsequent study that investigated the physiological response to diet in multiple genetic backgrounds revealed a decrease in the abundance of the bacterial species Parabacteroides distasonis in FVB mice fed a ketogenic diet. This established an emphasis on the interaction between variable response to diet, gut microbiome and further implications to gut health. To further investigate this relationship in FVB mice we are using an AOM-induced carcinogenic model on FVB mice fed a ketogenic diet supplemented with a biweekly gavage of P. distasonis. Upon necropsy, tumor load of mice receiving the experimental gavage will be compared to the control mice. Droplet digital PCR will be used to quantify the absolute abundance of P. distasonis in fecal samples at several time points before and after the initiation of diet and administration of AOM. Ultimately, we aim to determine the relationship between P. distasonis and CRC tumorigenesis, which will lead to a further understanding of the etiology of colorectal cancer. Citation Format: Camilo Anthony G. Gacasan. Administration of Parabacteroides distasonis in the attenuation of colorectal tumorigenesis in a carcinogenic murine model of colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5146.
Electrocardiographic Findings in a Woman With Dextrocardia and Cyanosis
Authors: Yingjie Zhang, Hexi Jiang, Renguang Liu
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
NHS proposes to stop funding 17 “unnecessary” procedures
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2018)

The NHS in England has proposed to stop funding 17 procedures it considers unnecessary, to save money and eliminate unwarranted clinical variation across the country.

Under the plans tabled by NHS England four procedures will be funded only in exceptional circumstances, because of a lack of evidence for their effectiveness: injections for non-specific low back pain without sciatica; knee arthroscopy for patients with osteoarthritis; dilatation and curettage for heavy menstrual bleeding in women; and surgery for snoring.

A further 13 procedures (see box), including breast reduction, varicose vein surgery, removal of benign skin lesions, and tonsillectomy, will be performed on the NHS only when specific clinical criteria are met.

The 17 routine procedures are carried out about 350 000 times a year in total and cost …
A Multicenter Study of Patient-Reported Infectious and Noninfectious Complications Associated With Indwelling Urethral Catheters
Authors: Sanjay Saint, Barbara W. Trautner, Karen E. Fowler, John Colozzi, David Ratz, Erica Lescinskas, John M. Hollingsworth, Sarah L. Krein
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

Indwelling urethral catheters (ie, Foley catheters) are important in caring for certain hospitalized patients but can also cause complications in patients.To determine the incidence of infectious and noninfectious patient-reported complications associated with the indwelling urethral catheter.A prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with placement of a new indwelling urethral catheter while hospitalized at 1 of 4 US hospitals in 2 states. The study was conducted from August 26, 2015, to August 18, 2017. Participants were evaluated at baseline and contacted at 14 days and 30 days after insertion of the catheter about complications associated with the indwelling urethral catheter and how catheterization affected their social activities or activities of daily living.Indwelling urethral catheter placement during hospitalization. Patients were enrolled within 3 days of catheter insertion and followed up for 30 days after catheter placement, whether the catheter remained in or was removed from the patient.Infectious and noninfectious complications associated with an indwelling urethral catheter as well as how the catheter affected patient social activities or activities of daily living.Of 2967 eligible patients, 2227 (75.1%) agreed to participate at 1 of 4 study sites; 2076 total patients were evaluated. Of these, 71.4% were male; mean (SD) age was 60.8 (13.4) years. Most patients (1653 of 2076 [79.6%]) had short-term catheters placed for surgical procedures. During the 30 days after urethral catheter insertion, 1184 of 2076 patients (57.0%; 95% CI, 54.9%-59.2%) reported at least 1 complication due to the indwelling urethral catheter. Infectious complications were reported by 219 of 2076 patients (10.5%; 95% CI, 9.3%-12.0%), whereas noninfectious complications (eg, pain or discomfort, blood in the urine, or sense of urinary urgency) occurred in 1150 patients (55.4%; 95% CI, 53.2%-57.6%) (P < .001). Women were more likely to report an infectious complication (92 of 594 [15.5%] women vs 127 of 1482 [8.6%] men; P < .001), while men were more likely to report a noninfectious complication (869 of 1482 [58.6%] men vs 281 of 594 [47.3%] women; P < .001). Restrictions in activities of daily living (49 of 124 patients [39.5%]) or social activity (54 of 124 [43.9%]) were commonly reported by the patients who had catheters still in place; sexual problems were reported by 99 of 2034 patients (4.9%) after their catheter was removed.Noninfectious complications of urethral catheters affect a substantial number of patients, underscoring the importance of avoiding urethral catheterization whenever possible. Given the high incidence of these patient-reported complications, urethral catheter-associated noninfectious complications should be a focus of surveillance and prevention efforts.
A Woman With Fever and Lymphadenopathy
Authors: Jiacai Cho, Sze Chin Jong, Siok Bian Ng
Journal: JAMA (2018)

A Chinese woman developed fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, cytopenias, and elevated LFTs and ferritin levels, with a positive anti-dsDNA test and hemophagocytosis on bone marrow biopsy. What would you do next?
Genomic <i>ERBB2</i>/<i>ERBB3</i> mutations promote PD-L1-mediated immune escape in gallbladder cancer: a whole-exome sequencing analysis
Authors: Maolan Li, Fatao Liu, Fei Zhang, Weiping Zhou, Xiaoqing Jiang, Yuan Yang, Kai Qu, Yueqi Wang, Qiang Ma, Ting Wang, Lu Bai, Zheng Wang, Xiaoling Song, Yidi Zhu, Ruiyan Yuan, Yuan Gao, Yongchen Liu, Yunpeng Jin, Huaifeng Li, Shanshan Xiang, Yuanyuan Ye, Yijian Zhang, Lin Jiang, Yunping Hu, Yajuan Hao, Wei Lu, Shili Chen, Jun Gu, Jian Zhou, Wei Gong, Yong Zhang, Xuefeng Wang, Xiyong Liu, Chang Liu, Houbao Liu, Yun Liu, Yingbin Liu
Journal: Gut (2018)

Objectives Patients with gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) lack effective treatment methods largely due to the inadequacy of both molecular characterisation and potential therapeutic targets. We previously uncovered a spectrum of genomic alterations and identified recurrent mutations in the ErbB pathway in GBC. Here, we aimed to study recurrent mutations of genes and pathways in a larger cohort of patients with GBC and investigate the potential mechanisms and clinical significance of these mutations. Design We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) in 157 patients with GBC. Functional experiments were applied in GBC cell lines to explore the oncogenic roles of ERBB2 / ERBB3 hotspot mutations, their correlation with PD-L1 expression and the underlying mechanisms. ERBB inhibitors and a PD-L1 blocker were used to evaluate the anticancer activities in co-culture systems in vitro and in vivo. Results WES identified ERBB2 and ERBB3 mutations at a frequency of 7%–8% in the expanded cohort, and patients with ERBB2 / ERBB3 mutations exhibited poorer prognoses. A set of in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed increased proliferation/migration on ERBB2 / ERBB3 mutation. Ectopic expression of ERBB2/ERBB3 mutants upregulated PD-L1 expression in GBC cells, effectively suppressed normal T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro through activation of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway and contributed to the growth and progression of GBC in vivo. Treatment with an ERBB2/ERBB3 inhibitor or a PD-L1 monoclonal antibody reversed these immunosuppressive effects, and combined therapy revealed promising therapeutic activities. Conclusions ERBB2 / ERBB3 mutations may serve as useful biomarkers in identifying patients who are sensitive to ERBB2/ERBB3 inhibitors and PD-L1 monoclonal antibody treatment. Trial registration number NCT02442414 ;Pre-results.
Quality and Outcomes Framework faces radical reshape in England but will be retained
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2018)

The Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) is set to be radically reshaped in England but will be not abandoned completely, after an official review published detailed recommendations on the future of the GP incentive scheme.1

A report from NHS England’s national advisory group on the future of QOF, which examined whether to retain, reshape, or abolish the QOF—as Scotland has—said that aspects of the system were “both valued and valuable.”

But the group, whose stakeholders included the BMA and the Royal College of General Practitioners, concluded that “there is a need to refresh the scheme to support a wider view of high quality care …
Checkpoint inhibitors and arthritis: seeking balance between victories and defeats
Authors: Carlos Antonio Moura, Carlos Geraldo Moura
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

Eventually, we heard the French proverb “ dans la medicine comme dans l’amour, ni jamais, ni toujours ” suggesting that medicine is unpredictable. The introduction of new therapeutic interventions in clinical practice accompanies this rule, arising both certainties and doubts, until experiences are shared to generate a conduit guide. However, just like any guide, medical guidelines should work as compasses, not as anchors, because real-life medicine constantly exposes physicians to new and unfamiliar situations, replete with previously unheard-of and unweighted variables.

The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of cancer is an example of this situation. Despite these drugs are one of the greatest therapeutic advances of medicine in the last decades, positive points emerge and also negative ones, providing a cascade of new knowledge, including rheumatic immune-related adverse event (irAE) induced by ICI.1 2 We read with great interest a manuscript written by Chan and Bass in this journal reporting a case of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) induced by ICI therapy that was partially treated with a MEK 1/2 inhibitor, proposing a possible correlation between the MEK/ERK pathway and PMR.1 We emphasise that this was only allowed after the fortuity irAE associated with ICI therapy, coupled with the acumen of Chan and Bass to identify this possible correlation.

In the last 2 years, countless publications have flooded the journals with case series addressing the rheumatic irAE associated with the ICI. In February 2018, a practical guideline about the management of those irAEs was published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology .3 This guideline brought a breath to those professionals who longed for a specific orientation regarding the management of all irAEs. Interestingly, the guideline separated the rheumatic manifestations into …
Associations Between Gun Shows and Firearm Deaths and Injuries
Authors: Alan R. Ertle
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

Letters3 July 2018Associations Between Gun Shows and Firearm Deaths and InjuriesAlan R. Ertle, MD, MPH, MBAAlan R. Ertle, MD, MPH, MBAMercy Medical Group, Sacramento, California (A.R.E.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L18-0104 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Everyone in the health profession in the United States probably agrees that there is too much gun violence and too many firearm-related injuries. Matthay and colleagues' study (1) attempts to make an association between the relatively underregulated gun shows of Nevada and the increase in firearm deaths and injuries in the immediate postshow period in California ZIP codes in which residents were deemed close enough to drive to certain California and Nevada shows. What stands out first is the difference in total firearm deaths and injuries for California versus Nevada shows. During the 8-year study period, 14 893 ...Reference1. Matthay EC, Galin J, Rudolph KE, Farkas K, Wintemute GJ, Ahern J. In-state and interstate associations between gun shows and firearm deaths and injuries: a quasi-experimental study. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167:837-44. [PMID: 29059689]. doi:10.7326/M17-1792 LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Mercy Medical Group, Sacramento, California (A.R.E.)Disclosures: The author has disclosed no conflicts of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L18-0104. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoIn-State and Interstate Associations Between Gun Shows and Firearm Deaths and Injuries Ellicott C. Matthay , Jessica Galin , Kara E. Rudolph , Kriszta Farkas , Garen J. Wintemute , and Jennifer Ahern Associations Between Gun Shows and Firearm Deaths and Injuries Ellicott C. Matthay , Jessica Galin , Kriszta Farkas , Kara Rudolph , Garen Wintemute , and Jennifer Ahern Associations Between Gun Shows and Firearm Deaths and Injuries Michael Xu Associations Between Gun Shows and Firearm Deaths and Injuries Seth Breitbart Metrics 3 July 2018Volume 169, Issue 1Page: 65-66KeywordsConflicts of interestDisclosureFirearm injuriesPopulation statisticsViolent crime ePublished: 3 July 2018 Issue Published: 3 July 2018 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2018 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
PTH-131 Prevalence of dyspepsia in individuals with gastro-oesophageal reflux-type symptoms in the community: a meta-analysis
Authors: RP Ratnakumaran, LH Eusebi, ML Artesiani, F Bazzoli, AC Ford
Journal: Gut (2017)

Introduction  Dyspepsia and gastro-oesophageal reflux are highly prevalent in the general population, but the two conditions are felt to be separate entities. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of dyspepsia in individuals with gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms (GORS), and to quantify the overlap between the two disorders  Method  MEDLINE, EMBASE, and EMBASE Classic were searched (up until September 2016) to identify population-based studies reporting the prevalence of dyspepsia and GORS in adults (≥15 years), defined using specific symptom-based criteria or a questionnaire. The prevalence of dyspepsia and weekly GORS were extracted for all studies. Pooled prevalence, according to study location and criteria used to define weekly GORS or dyspepsia, as well as odds ratios (OR), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. The degree of overlap between the two was examined.  Results  Of 14 132 papers evaluated, 79 reported prevalence of weekly GORS. Nineteen of these study populations, containing 1 11 459 participants, also reported the proportion of individuals with dyspepsia. The prevalence of dyspepsia in those with weekly GORS was 43.9% (95% CI, 35.1%–52.9%). The pooled OR for dyspepsia in individuals with weekly GORS, compared with those without, was 6.94 (95% CI 4.33 to 11.12). The OR for dyspepsia in weekly GORS remained significantly higher in all geographical regions studied, and across all diagnostic criteria used. The pooled degree of overlap between the two conditions was 25.9% (95% CI, 19.9%–32.4%), varying from 22% when the Bowel Disease Questionnaire was used to define weekly GORS, to 42.6% with the Mayo Reflux Questionnaire.  Conclusion  The OR of dyspepsia in individuals with weekly GORS was seven-fold that of individuals without GORS, and that there is overlap between the two conditions in up to one-quarter of individuals. Reasons for this remain speculative, but may include shared pathophysiological mechanisms or residual confounding.  Disclosure of Interest  None Declared
Plasma Concentration of Interleukin-6 and C-reactive Protein and the Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Healthy Middle-Aged Women
Authors: Aruna D. Pradhan, JoAnn E. Manson, Julie E. Buring, Paul M. Ridker
Journal: Circulation (2001)

P02     Background Inflammation may play an important role  in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. We studied whether  plasma concentrations of the inflammatory markers, interleukin-6 (IL-6)  and C-reactive protein (CRP), are related to the development of type 2  diabetes in women. Methods We conducted a prospective, nested  case-control study among a cohort of middle-aged female health  professionals free of diagnosed diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular  disease, and cancer to assess the risk of incident type 2 diabetes over  a four-year period associated with baseline levels of IL-6 and  high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP). A diagnostic threshold of 6.5% for  hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was used to exclude prevalent undiagnosed  diabetes. Results Baseline levels of IL-6 (P
NHS funding boost is “well short of what’s needed” to improve care, BMA chair warns
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2018)

The prime minister’s NHS funding pledge will not be sufficient to halt the immediate pressures that leave doctors “run ragged” and harm patient care, the BMA’s council chair has warned.

Last week Theresa May announced that the NHS in England would receive an average annual funding increase of 3.4% over the next five years.1 In his keynote address to the BMA’s annual representative meeting in Brighton, Chaand Nagpaul welcomed the “belated and desperately needed announcement of increased NHS funding after years of denial.”

But he warned that the situation cannot be …
A Look Forward — The Frontiers in Medicine Series
Authors: Lisa Caulley, Ramya Ramaswami, Dan L. Longo, Elizabeth G. Phimister, Julie R. Ingelfinger, Allan H. Ropper, Kathy Stern, Alison E. Burke, Kimberly M. Knoper, Jeffrey J.J. Seals, Daniel C. Müller, Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

This week we introduce Frontiers in Medicine, a series of review articles that showcases the ways in which new technologies are influencing contemporary medicine and highlights the synergistic relationship between medicine and science. The series covers a number of advanced diagnostics and therapeutics that have emerged, including developments emanating from our better understanding of the human genome and how to manipulate it1; new approaches to surgical care, including minimally invasive surgical techniques2-4; innovations derived from the multifaceted world of digitized medicine; novel technology reflecting the efficiency and mobility of digital imaging5,6; and many others. The series, which is aimed at . . .
Novel Concepts for Inducing Final Oocyte Maturation in In Vitro Fertilization Treatment
Authors: Ali Abbara, Sophie A Clarke, Waljit S Dhillo
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2018)

Infertility affects one in six of the population and increasingly couples require treatment with assisted reproductive techniques. In vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment is most commonly conducted using exogenous FSH to induce follicular growth and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce final oocyte maturation. However, hCG may cause the potentially life-threatening iatrogenic complication "ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome" (OHSS), which can cause considerable morbidity and, rarely, even mortality in otherwise healthy women. The use of GnRH agonists (GnRHas) has been pioneered during the last two decades to provide a safer option to induce final oocyte maturation. More recently, the neuropeptide kisspeptin, a hypothalamic regulator of GnRH release, has been investigated as a novel inductor of oocyte maturation. The hormonal stimulus used to induce oocyte maturation has a major impact on the success (retrieval of oocytes and chance of implantation) and safety (risk of OHSS) of IVF treatment. This review aims to appraise experimental and clinical data of hormonal approaches used to induce final oocyte maturation by hCG, GnRHa, both GnRHa and hCG administered in combination, recombinant LH, or kisspeptin. We also examine evidence for the timing of administration of the inductor of final oocyte maturation in relationship to parameters of follicular growth and the subsequent interval to oocyte retrieval. In summary, we review data on the efficacy and safety of the major hormonal approaches used to induce final oocyte maturation in clinical practice, as well as some novel approaches that may offer fresh alternatives in future.