tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
PTH-016 How often do we miss upper gastrointestinal tumours at gastroscopy?
Authors: H Woodland, D Winters, B Colleypriest
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancers are an important cause of morbidity and mortality across the western world and are often detected late. Whilst for colonoscopy the post procedure cancer rate is set at &lt;5% as a performance indicator, there is currently no similar guideline for UGI cancer. This study set out to determine the miss rate for UGI cancers at Royal United Hospital (RUH), Bath. <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective audit of UGI cancers diagnosed endoscopically over a two year period between 2013 and 2015. Patient data was obtained from the UGI malignancy multidisciplinary records. Patients who had an endoscopy in the preceding 3 years at RUH were identified. Endoscopy reports, histopathology and clinic letters were analysed and true misses identified. <h3>Results</h3> Of 164 cases reviewed, 125 had adenocarcinoma and 26 had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Of the remainder, 2 had lymphoma, 2 a GIST, 1 a neuroendocrine tumour (NET) and 7 had poorly differentiated carcinoma. One had high grade dysplasia but was treated as a cancer. The majority of the cancers (61%) were oesophageal in origin, with 24% stomach, 13% gastro-oesophageal junction and 2% duodenal. Of the 30 patients who developed cancer despite having had an OGD in the last 3 years, 12 patients were described as having a missed cancer. This equated to a miss rate of 7.3%. Of these, 8 were adenocarcinoma, 2 were SCC and one was a NET. <h3>Conclusion</h3> The rate of missed UGI cancers at RUH was 7.3%, in keeping with the 11.3%<sup>1</sup> suggested by a recent meta-analysis. However, the calculated miss rate of 1 in 398 endoscopies published in this study seems a significant over estimate for our population. Over 4000 individual patients have UGI endoscopies per year and an average of 6 per year were found to miss cancer suggesting 1 in 667 OGDs miss early cancer. Key performance indicators were suggested by the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy<sup>2</sup> and are likely to be adopted by the BSG. To determine if changes in training and performance standards are improving quality in OGD it is vital that miss rates are recorded and reported. <h3>References</h3> . Menon S. Endoscopy International Open. 2014;2(2):E46–E50. . Bisschops Raf. Endoscopy2016; 48 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Long Term Predictors of Recurrent Mitral Regurgitation after Mitral Valve Plasty Evaluated by Transesophageal Echocardiography
Authors: Fujimaki Haruka, Mahara Keitaro, Abe Kaito, Ohkubo Takeshi, Fukumoto Risa, Saitou Mika, Tsugu Toshimitsu, Tamura Harutoshi, Terada Mai, Tohbaru Tetsuya, Takanashi Shuichiro, Tomoike Hitonobu
Journal: Circulation (2016)
Impact of post-surgical residual tumor volume on local control in radiotherapy for maxillary sinus cancer
Authors: A. G. Elhag, W. H. Elsawy, D. N. Khalifa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2007)

16518 Background: The aim was to study the influence of post-surgical gross residual tumor volume on local control of maxillary sinus cancer treated with radiotherapy combined with debulking surgery. Methods: Twenty-five patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus treated by combined surgery and radiotherapy (50–65 Gy, median 60 Gy). Gross residual tumor volume (GRTV) after surgery was measured on computed tomograms obtained after surgery. Patients were classified according to GRTV as follows: group A, GRTV = 0 (microscopic residual, n = 5); group B, GRTV &lt;10 cm3 (n = 11); group C, 10–40 cm3 (n = 5); and group D, =40 cm3 (n = 4). The relationship between local control and GRTV was analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: The 2-year local control rate for all patients was 64%. The differences in local control rates between groups A, B and C were not significant (P &gt; 0.05), but the rate was significantly lower in group D than in the other groups (65% at 2 years vs. 25% at 1 year, P &lt; 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that GRTV (P = 0.002) and histological differentiation (poorly differentiated histology was favorable, P = 0.035) were independent prognostic factors and that tumor stage and the sequence of treatment were not. Conclusions: Our data suggest that adequate, not complete, debulking associated with the proper dose of radiotherapy can provide satisfactory local control for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Acid-Extractable Nuclear Proteins of Cancer Cells. I. Staining With Ammoniacal Silver&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Maurice M. Black, Francis D. Speer, Lois C. Lillick
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1960)

Studies of lymph-node responses disclosed that antigenic stimulation was associated with a change in ammoniacal-silver (A-S) staining of paraffin sections of lymph nodes. Sections of control lymph nodes lacked A-S staining of cell nuclei, but sections of lymph nodes responding to antigenic stimulation had A-S staining of the nuclei. Parallel changes were also seen in the nuclei of parenchymal cells. However, the nuclei of malignant lymphoid and parenchymal cells showed minimal or no A-S staining, regardless of the staining of the control homologous cells. These observations prompted a more detailed study of A-S staining of control and cancer cells. Smears of fresh tissues from human beings and mice were used. Under the conditions of study, A-S stained cell nuclei precisely. The chromatin structures of noncancerous cells were distinctly stained by A-S. In contrast, cancer cells had fine, silver-staining granules scattered with minimal structural orientation throughout the nuclei. Differential extraction studies indicated that A-S stained acid-extractable nuclear protein (AENP) whose physical characteristics and staining with alkaline Fast Green corresponded to that of a histone. Apparently, cancer cells are characterized by well-defined alterations in their AENP. However, further studies are needed to define the detailed physicochemical nature and biological significance of the observed changes in AENP.
SYD985, a novel duocarmycin-based HER2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate, shows promising antitumor activity in epithelial ovarian carcinoma with HER2/neu expression.
Authors: Gulden Menderes, Elena Bonazzoli, Stefania Bellone, Jonathan Black, Gary Altwerger, Francesca Pettinella, Alice Masserdotti, Luca Zammataro, Natalia Buza, Pei Hui, Serena Wong, Babak Litkouhi, Elena Ratner, Dan-Arin Silasi, Masoud Azodi, Peter E. Schwartz, Alessandro Santin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e14009 Background: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer. HER2 overexpression/amplification in EOC show considerable variation ranging from 8% to 66%. SYD985 (Synthon Biopharmaceuticals BV, Nijmegen, the Netherlands) is a novel HER2-targeting antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) composed of the monoclonal antibody (mAb) trastuzumab linked to a highly potent DNA-alkylating agent (i.e., duocarmycin). The objective of this study was to compare the anti-tumor activity of SYD985 to trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in EOC. Methods: The cytotoxicity of SYD985 and T-DM1 was evaluated using ten primary EOC cell lines with 0/1+, 2+, and 3+ HER2/neu expression in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), proliferation, viability and bystander killing experiments. Finally, the in vivo activity of SYD985 and T-DM1 was also studied in ovarian cancer xenografts. Results: SYD985 and T-DM1 induced similar ADCC in the presence of effector cells [i.e., peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL)] against EOC cell lines with high, moderate and low HER2/neu expression. In contrast, SYD985 was 3 to 42 fold more cytotoxic in the absence of PBL when compared to T-DM1. Specifically, in HER2/neu 1+ cell lines the mean IC 50 ’s were 0.072 µg/mL and 3.035 µg/mL for SYD985 vs T-DM1 (p &lt; 0.0001), in HER2/neu 2+ cell lines 0.054 µg/mL and 1.168 µg/mL, (p &lt; 0.0001) and in HER2/neu 3+ cell lines 0.024 µg/mL and 0.088 µg/mL, respectively, (p &lt; 0.0001). Unlike T-DM1, SYD985 induced efficient bystander killing of HER2/neu 0/1+ EOC cells admixed with HER2/neu 3+ cells. In vivo studies confirmed that SYD985 is more active than T-DM1 in EOC and effective against HER2/neu 3+ xenografts. Additional (HER2/neu 2+ &amp; 1+) EOC xenograft studies are ongoing. Conclusions: SYD985 is a novel ADC with remarkable in vitro activity against EOC with strong (3+) as well as low to moderate (i.e., 1+/2+) HER2/neu expression. SYD985 is more potent than T-DM1 in comparative experiments and unlike T-DM1, it may be active against EOC demonstrating moderate/low or heterogeneous HER2/neu expression. Clinical studies with SYD985 in EOC patients harboring chemo-resistant disease are needed.
Pretransplant Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Higher Relapse Rates in Patients Allografted for Myeloid Malignancies
Authors: Aleksandar Radujkovic, Lambros Kordelas, Julia Krzykalla, Dietrich W. Beelen, Axel Benner, Nicola Lehners, Katharina Schmidt, Peter Dreger, Thomas Luft
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

Purpose Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency is common in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing allogeneic transplantation (alloSCT), but its prognostic relevance is unclear. Patients and Methods The impact of pretransplant VitD status on overall survival, relapse mortality, and nonrelapse mortality was investigated retrospectively in a cohort of 492 patients undergoing alloSCT at our center from 2002 to 2013. VitD deficiency was defined as a serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 < 20 ng/mL (equivalent to < 50 nM) before alloSCT and was assessed using accredited laboratory methods and a standard chemiluminescent immunoassay. Results were validated in an independent cohort of 398 patients diagnosed with myeloid malignancies. Results A total of 396 (80%) and 348 (87%) patients had VitD deficiency before alloSCT in the training and validation cohort, respectively. In the training cohort, VitD deficiency was significantly associated with inferior overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.78; P = .007) in multivariable analysis. This was due to a higher risk of relapse (HR, 1.96; P = .006) rather than nonrelapse mortality. A significant association of pretransplant VitD deficiency with higher relapse rates was observed only in patients diagnosed with myeloid (HR, 2.55; P = .014) but not with lymphatic diseases (HR, 1.60; P = .147). A similar impact of pretransplant VitD deficiency on relapse risk in myeloid diseases was also observed in an independent patient cohort (HR, 2.60; P = .017). Validation of the effect of VitD deficiency on relapse in patients with myeloid malignancies was successful. Conclusion Pretransplant VitD deficiency was associated with a higher risk of relapse in patients allografted for myeloid malignancies. Prospective studies on VitD status and correction of VitD deficiency in the setting of alloSCT are highly warranted.
高齢成人における座位行動に関連したバイオマーカー:系統的レビュー【Powered by NICT】
Authors: Wirth Katharina, Klenk Jochen, Brefka Simone, Dallmeier Dhayana, Faehling Kathrin, Roque i Figuls Marta, A Tully Mark, Gine-Garriga Maria, Caserotti Paolo, Salva Antoni, Rothenbacher Dietrich, Denkinger Michael, Stubbs Brendon
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2017)
Intracranial Aneurysm
Authors: J. E. M. Dutton
Journal: BMJ (1956)

585.MEDICAL JOURNA is significantly less than the variation between them.Therefore these levels tend to be characteristic of the individual, and values generally regarded as " normal" may be outside the usual ranges of some individuals.There is no definite diurnal variation of plasma electrolyte or protein levels.The influence of rising from recumbency, normal meals, moderate exertion, and the menstrual cycle is discussed.We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Mrs. E. M.
<i>The Beautiful Brain</i> and the Influence of Santiago Ramón y Cajal on Medicine
Authors: Apostolos P. Georgopoulos, Angeliki Georgopoulos
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
07.16 Nlrp1 mutations cause autoinflammatory diseases in human: implication of the nlrp1 inflammasome?
Authors: Sylvie Grandemange, Elodie Sanchez, Cécile Rittore, Yasamine El Ahmadi, Pascale Louis-Plence, John C Reed, Florence Apparailly, Isabelle Touitou, David Geneviève
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Inflammation is a vital and complex process in response to diverse tissue damaging stimuli such as trauma, injury and pathogen. NLRP1, NLRP3 and NLRC4 belonging to the intracellular proteins Nod like receptor family, are capable of sensing the inflammatory inducers and trigger the assembly of a large complex called the inflammasome. By inducing the caspase-1 activation, inflammasome plays a crucial role in the release of IL-1β and IL-18, two critical cytokines of the initial steps of inflammatory responses. Whereas mutations in <i>NLRP3</i> and <i>NLRC4</i> have been linked to two rare monogenic systemic autoinflammatory diseases (SAIDs), several polymorphisms in the <i>NLRP1</i> gene have been associated extensively to an increased risk of autoimmune disorders (e.g. vitiligo, psoriasis, type 1 diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis). We identified for the first time two distinct <i>NLRP1</i> mutations in patients displaying a novel SAID combining autoinflammation and autoimmunity. We named this disease NAIAD, for NLRP1-associated autoinflammation arthritis and dyskeratosis. The aim of our study was to unravel how mutation in NLRP1 impaired its function and triggered autoinflammation. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients were analysed to identify the immunologic components involved in these novel diseases, using flow cytometry. The pathogenic effect of the NLRP1 mutations in inflammation was investigated using <i>in vitro</i> functional assays in transfected HEK293T. <h3>Results</h3> The level of caspase-1, IL-18 and IL-1β in serum samples from patients was increased as compared to controls and asymptomatic parents. Moreover, patient's cells displayed constitutive production of IL-1β. Functional studies in HEK293T revealed that the <i>NLRP1</i> mutations resulted in a constitutive activation of the NLRP1 inflammasome. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We demonstrated that two mutations in the <i>NLRP1</i> gene are involved in autoinflammation in human. This novel disease could be a novel inflammasomopathy combining autoinflammatory and autoimmune features. Our data, combined with that in the literature, highlight the pleomorphic role of NLRP1 in inflammation and immunity.
Daratumumab Is an Effective and Safe Salvage Therapy in Relapsed/Refractory Patients with Multiple Myeloma after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Evgeny Klyuchnikov, Ute-Marie von Pein, Francis A. Ayuk, Maximilian Christopeit, Raissa Adjalle, Andre van Randenborgh, Christine Wolschke, Nicolaus Kröger
Journal: Blood (2016)
08.07 Blood chemokine profile in untreated early rheumatoid arthritis: cxcl10 as a disease activity marker
Authors: Jayesh M Pandya, Anna-Carin Lundell, Kerstin Andersson, Inger Nordström, Elke Theander, Anna Rudin
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background/purpose</h3> Pathogenic mechanisms in early and preclinical stages of rheumatoid arthritis are unclear. We have recently analysed the profile of T cell subtypes based on chemokine receptor expression in blood from untreated early rheumatoid arthritis (ueRA) patients compared to healthy controls (HC). Here, we compared the levels of the respective chemokines in blood plasma of ueRA patients with those of HC. We also studied the association of chemokine levels with the proportions of circulating T cell subsets and the clinical disease activity. <h3>Methods</h3> Peripheral blood was obtained from 43 patients with ueRA satisfying the ACR 2010 criteria and who had not received any DMARD or prednisolone, and from 14 sex- and age-matched HC. Proportions of T helper cells in blood, including Th0, Th1, Th2, Th17, Th1Th17, TFh, and regulatory T cells were defined by flow cytometry. Fifteen chemokines, including several CXCL and CCL chemokines related to the T cell subtypes as well as to other major immune cells were measured in blood plasma using flow cytometry bead-based immunoassay or ELISA. Clinical disease activity in patients was evaluated by assessing the following parameters: DAS28, Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), Swollen Joint Counts (SJC), Tender Joint Counts (TJC), CRP and ESR. The data was analysed using multivariate factor analyses followed by univariate analyses. <h3>Results</h3> Multivariate discriminant analysis showed that patients with ueRA separate from HC based on the blood plasma chemokine profile. The best discriminators were CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL13, CCL4 and CCL22, which were significantly higher in ueRA compared to HC in univariate analyses. Among the chemokines analysed, only CXCL10 correlated with multiple disease activity measures, including DAS28-CRP, DAS28-ESR, CDAI, SJC in 66 joints, CRP and ESR. <h3>Conclusions</h3> High circulating levels of CXCL10 in plasma of ueRA and the association with the clinical disease activity suggests that CXCL10 may serve as a disease activity marker in early RA.
John Kenneth Bleasdale
Authors: Ann Evans
Journal: BMJ (2017)

John Kenneth Bleasdale (“Ken”) was born into a Lancashire Catholic family in Blackburn, the second son of Joseph (“Joe”) and Elizabeth (“Betty”) Bleasdale. Joe initially worked “int’mill” and later, after the family had moved to Widnes, he owned a corner shop, always referred to by Dad as a sweet shop. Ken’s early years were filled with sport—his oldest friend, Teddy, remembers that they played football and went biking in the school playground, and Dad remembered lots of tennis as a teenager.

Dad’s elder brother, William (“Bill”), was some years older and served in the Royal Air Force …
Hémorragies digestives hautes: épidémiologie, prise en charge thérapeutique, évolution et facteurs prédictifs de mortalité: comparaison des malades cirrhotiques aux malades non-cirrhotiques
Authors: S Lecleire, P Czernichow, F Di Fiore, M Amouretti, JL Dupas, H Gouerou, E Lerebours
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Introduction: Les hémorragies digestives hautes (HDH) sont très fréquentes en France. Les données concernant les HDH chez les malades cirrhotiques et non cirrhotiques n’ont jamais été comparées. Le but de ce travail était de comparer les spécificités des HDH survenant chez les malades cirrhotiques à celles des malades non cirrhotiques. Patients et Méthodes: Pendant une période de six mois, une étude prospective de population recensant toutes les HDH survenant dans quatre départements français (Seine-Maritime, Gironde, Finistère, Somme) a été menée. Cette enquête couvrait une population de 3 millions d’habitants de plus de 18 ans. Les données concernant les malades cirrhotiques ont été comparées à celles des malades non cirrhotiques inclus durant cette période en suivant la même méthodologie au moyen du test du chi-carré. Les caractéristiques épidémiologiques, la prise en charge médicale et endoscopique, l’évolution et les facteurs prédictifs de mortalité ont été identifiés dans les deux groupes de malades. Résultats: Deux mille cent trente trois HDH étaient recensées en 6 mois (468 cirrhotiques et 1665 non cirrhotiques). Les malades atteints de cirrhose étaient plus jeunes que les non cirrhotiques (59 ans vs 66 ans, p < 0,05). Les principales lésions hémorragiques étaient les varices ésophagiennes et cardio-tubérositaires chez les malades cirrhotiques (60,3%) et les ulcères gastro-duodénaux chez les malades non cirrhotiques (41,7%). Une hémostase endoscopique était plus souvent réalisée chez les malades cirrhotiques (47,4% vs 8,3%; p < 0,001). Le traitement endoscopique chez les malades atteints de cirrhose était une sclérose de varices (67,1%), une ligature de varices (23,1%), une sclérose d’ulcère (9,8%). Le traitement endoscopique chez les malades non cirrhotiques était une sclérose d’ulcère dans 90% des cas. La prise de médicaments gastro-toxiques (anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens et aspirine) était moins fréquente chez les malades cirrhotiques (8,3% vs 34,5%; p < 0,001). La durée moyenne d’hospitalisation n’était pas différente (13,4 jours vs 13,7 jours, NS). Les malades cirrhotiques avaient une mortalité hospitalière plus élevée (23,5% vs 11,2%, p < 0,001). Les facteurs prédictifs de mortalité étaient 1) chez les malades cirrhotiques en analyse multivariée: taux de prothrombine (TP) < 40%, cancer digestif associé, consommation de corticoïdes avant l’HDH, hématémèse révélant l’HDH, âge > 60 ans; 2) chez les non-cirrhotiques: TP < 40%, cancer associé, âge > 60 ans, HDH chez un malade hospitalisé, hémoglobinémie < 8 g/dL. Conclusion: La mortalité des malades présentant une HDH était significativement plus élevée chez les malades cirrhotiques (23,5% vs 11,2%). Les facteurs prédictifs de mortalité communs aux deux groupes de malades étaient un TP < 40%, un âge > 60 ans et la présence d’un cancer digestif associé.