Perioperative patient outcomes in the African Surgical Outcomes Study: a 7-day prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Bruce M Biccard, Thandinkosi E Madiba, Hyla-Louise Kluyts, Dolly M Munlemvo, Farai D Madzimbamuto, Apollo Basenero, Christina S Gordon, Coulibaly Youssouf, Sylvia R Rakotoarison, Veekash Gobin, Ahmadou L Samateh, Chaibou M Sani, Akinyinka O Omigbodun, Simbo D Amanor-Boadu, Janat T Tumukunde, Tonya M Esterhuizen, Yannick Le Manach, Patrice Forget, Abdulaziz M Elkhogia, Ryad M Mehyaoui, Eugene Zoumeno, Gabriel Ndayisaba, Henry Ndasi, Andrew K N Ndonga, Zipporah W W Ngumi, Ushmah P Patel, Daniel Zemenfes Ashebir, Akwasi A K Antwi-Kusi, Bernard Mbwele, Hamza Doles Sama, Mahmoud Elfiky, Maher A Fawzy, Rupert M Pearse, Hippolyte Abadagan, N Abbas, A Ibrahim Abdelatif, Traoré Abdoulaye, A Abd-rouf, A Abduljalil, A Abdulrahman, S Abdurazig, A Abokris, W Abozaid, SOA Abugassa, F Abuhdema, SA Abujanah, R Abusamra, A Abushnaf, SA Abusnina, TS Abuzalout, HM Ackermann, YB Adamu, A Addanfour, DM Adeleke, TA Adigun, AO Adisa, Sèhivè Valéry Adjignon, NA Adu-Aryee, BB Afolabi, AFX Agaba, PKA Agaba, K Aghadi, H Agilla, B Ahmed, El-Z Ahmed, Al-J Ahmed, M Ahmed, Rene Ahossi, SA Aji, S Akanyun, I Akhideno, M Akhter, OA Akinyemi, M Akkari, Joseph Akodjenou, AL AL Samateh, ES al Shams, OT Alagbe-Briggs, EA Alakkari, RB Alalem, M Alashhab, OI Alatise, A Alatresh, MSI Alayeb Alayeb, BA Albakosh, F Albert, ANJD Alberts, AD Aldarrat, A Alfari, A Alfetore, M Algbali, A Algddar, HA Algedar, IA Alghafoud, A Alghazali, M Alhajj, A Alhendery Alhendery, FFH Alhoty, A Ali, YA Ali, A Ali, Beye Seïdina Alioune, MA Alkassem, MA Alkchr, TS Alkesa, A Alkilani, F Alkobty Alkobty, Thomas Allaye, SBM Alleesaib, A Alli, K Allopi, NL Allorto, A Almajbery, R Almesmary, SHA Almisslati, F Almoraid, H Alobeidi, MA Alomami, Christella S Alphonsus, OA Alqawi, AA Alraheem, SA Alsabri, A Alsayed, B Alsellabi, M Al-Serksi, MSA Alshareef, AA Altagazi, JS Aluvale, HW Alwahedi, EA Alzahra, MA Alzarouk, K Al-Zubaidy, M Amadou, Maiga Amadou, Simbo D Amanor-Boadu, Al-A Amer, BT Amisi, MA Amuthenu, TWA Anabah, Felix Anani, PGR Anderson, AGB Andriamampionona, L Andrianina, A Anele, R Angelin, N Anjar, O Antùnez, Akwasi Antwi-Kusi, LJC Anyanwu, AA Aribi, OA Arowolo, O Arrey, Daniel Zemenfes Ashebir, SB Assefa, Guy Assoum, V Athanse, JS Athombo, M Atiku, E Atito-Narh, Anatole Atomabe, A Attia, M Aungraheeta, DMA Aurélia, OO Ayandipo, AET Ayebale, HMZ Azzaidey, NB Babajee, HB Badi, EK Badianga, RB Baghni, MT Bahta, M Bai, Y Baitchu, AM Baloyi, KA Bamuza, MI Bamuza, L Bangure, OB Bankole, ML Barongo, MM Barow, Apollo Basenero, L Bashiya, CH Basson, Sudha Bechan, S Belhaj, MM Ben Mansour, D Benali, ASB Benamour, A Berhe, JD Bertie, JJA Bester, M Bester, JD Bezuidenhout, K Bhagwan, DR Bhagwandass, KAP Bhat, MMZU Bhuiyan, Bruce M Biccard, F Bigirimana, CJ Bikuelo, BE Bilby, SS Bingidimi, KE Bischof, David G Bishop, C Bitta, M Bittaye, Thuli Biyase, CA Blake, E Blignaut, F Blignaut, BN BN Tanjong, A Bogoslovskiy, PM Boloko, SKB Boodhun, I Bori, F Boufas, M Brand, Nicholas T Brouckaert, JD Bruwer, I Buccimazza, IM Bula Bula, Fred Bulamba, BC Businge, YB Bwambale, SRC Cacala, MA Cadersa, Chris Cairns, F Carlos, ME Casey, AC Castro, ND Chabayanzara, MS Chaibou, TNO Chaibva, NK Chakafa, C Chalo, C Changfoot, MC Chari, L Chelbi, JT Chibanda, HN Chifamba, N Chikh, E Chikumba, P Chimberengwa, J Chirengwa, FM Chitungo, MC Chiwanga, MM Chokoe, TM Chokwe, B Chrirangi, M Christian, B Church, JC Cisekedi, JN Clegg-Lamptey, Estie Cloete, Megan Coltman, W Conradie, N Constance, Youssouf Coulibaly, L Cronje, MA Da Silva, H Daddy, L Dahim, D Daliri, MS Dambaki, A Dasrath, JG Davids, Gareth L Davies, JT De Lange, JB de Wet, B Dedekind, MA Degaulle, V Dehal, PD Deka, S Delinikaytis, IS Desalu, Hubert Dewanou, MB Moussa Deye, C Dhege, BSG Diale, DF Dibwe, BJS Diedericks, JM Dippenaar, L Dippenaar, MP Diyoyo, Edith Djessouho, SN Dlamini, A Dodiyi-Manuel, BA Dokolwana, DP Domoyyeri, Leanne W Drummond, DE du Plessis, WM du Plessis, LJ du Preez, K Dube, NZ Dube, KD Dullab, R Duvenhage, RC Echem, SA Edaigbini, AK Egote, A Ehouni, G Ekwen, NC Ekwunife, M El Hensheri, IE Elfaghi, MA Elfagieh, S Elfallah, Mahmoud Elfiky, S Elgelany, AM Elghallal, MG Elghandouri, ZS Elghazal, AM Elghobashy, FT Elharati, Abdulaziz M Elkhogia, RM Elkhwildi, S Ellis, L Elmadani, HB Elmadany, H Elmehdawi, A Elmgadmi, H Eloi, D Elrafifi, G Elsaadi, RB Elsaity, A Elshikhy, M Eltaguri, A Elwerfelli, IE Elyasir, AZ Elzoway, AM Elzufri, EO Enendu, BC Enicker, EO Enwerem, R Esayas, M Eshtiwi, AA Eshwehdi, JL Esterhuizen, Tonya M Esterhuizen, EB Etuk, O Eurayet, OR Eyelade, RF Fanjandrainy, Lionelle Fanou, Z Farina, Maher Fawzy, A Feituri, NL Fernandes, LM Ford, Patrice Forget, T François, T Freeman, YBM Freeman, VM Gacii, B Gadi, M Gagara, A Gakenia, PD Gallou, GGN Gama, MG Gamal, YG Gandy, A Ganesh, Diallo Gangaly, M Garcia, AP Gatheru, SSD Gaya, Oswald Gbéhadé, G Gerbel, A Ghnain, R Gigabhoy, DG Giles, GT Girmaye, S Gitau, B Githae, Said Gitta, Veekash Gobin, Riaz Goga, AAG Gomati, ME Gonzalez, J Gopall, Christina Salmina Gordon, O Gorelyk, M Gova, K Govender, P Govender, S Govender, V Govindasamy, JTK Green-Harris, MB Greenwood, SV Grey-Johnson, Mariette Grobbelaar, MA Groenewald, KK Grünewald, Ambroise Guegni, M Guenane, S Gueye, Marius Guezo, T Gunguwo, MG Gweder, M Gwila, L Habimana, Rodrigue Hadecon, E Hadia, L Hamadi, M Hammouda, MI Hampton, R Hanta, Tim C Hardcastle, JA Hariniaina, S Hariparsad, AH Harissou, R Harrichandparsad, SHA Hasan, HB Hashmi, MP Hayes, A Hdud, SH Hebli, HMSN Heerah, S Hersi, AH Hery, Adam Hewitt-Smith, TC Hlako, SCH Hodges, Richard Eric Hodgson, M Hokoma, H Holder, EB Holford, E Horugavye, C Houston, M Hove, D Hugo, CM Human, H Hurri, O Huwidi, AI Ibrahim, Traoré Ibrahim, OK Idowu, IE Igaga, John Igenge, O Ihezie, K Ikandi, IAR Ike, JJN Ikuku, MN Ilbarasi, IBB Ilunga, JPM Ilunga, NAV Imbangu, Z Imessaoudene, DH Imposo, AM Iraya, M Isaacs, M Isiguzo, A Issoufou, P Izquirdo, A Jaber, UV Jaganath, CS Jallow, S Jamabo, ZS Jamal, L Janneh, MJ Jannetjies, I Jasim, Megan AJ Jaworska, S Jay Narain, K Jermi, R Jimoh, S Jithoo, M Johnson, S Joomye, RM Judicael, M Judicaël, A Juwid, LP Jwambi, R Kabango, JK Kabangu, DK Kabatoro, AN Kabongo, K Kabongo, LT Kabongo, MD Kabongo, N Kady, S Kafu, M Kaggya, BNK Kaholongo, PCK Kairuki, SI Kakololo, K Kakudji, Amina Kalisa, R Kalisa, MR Kalufwelu, S Kalume, RJ Kamanda, MK Kangili, H Kanoun, None Kapesa, P Kapp, JK Karanja, M Karar, K Kariuki, K Kaseke, PNK Kashuupulwa, KJP Kasongo, SK Kassa, GK Kateregga, MIS Kathrada, PM Katompwa, L Katsukunya, KAM Kavuma, None Khalfallah, A Khamajeet, SB Khetrish, None Kibandwa, W Kibochi, AM Kilembe, AK Kintu, B Kipng'etich, B Kiprop, VMK Kissoon, Theroshnie K Kisten, JK Kiwanuka, Hyla-Louise Kluyts, MEK Knox, AK Koledale, VL Koller, MA Kolotsi, M Kongolo, ND Konwuoh, WJ Koperski, MYK Koraz, AA Kornilov, M Zach Koto, Samantha Kransingh, D Krick, S Kruger, C Kruse, W Kuhn, WP Kuhn, AM Kukembila, KL Kule, M Kumar, Belinda S Kusel, VK Kusweje, KJ Kuteesa, YY Kutor, MA Labib, M Laksari, F Lanos, TA Lawal, Yannick Le Manach, C Lee, RM Lekoloane, SN Lelo, B Lerutla, MT Lerutla, AI Levin, TB Likongo, ML Limbajee, DM Linyama, C Lionnet, MM Liwani, E Loots, A Garrido Lopez, CLC Lubamba, KF Lumbala, AJM Lumbamba, John Lumona, RF Lushima, L Luthuli, HL Luweesi, TSK Lyimo, HM Maakamedi, BM Mabaso, M Mabina, ME Maboya, I Macharia, AM Macheka, AZ Machowski, Thandinkosi E Madiba, ASM Madsen, Farai Madzimbamuto, LJ Madzivhe, SC Mafafo, M Maghrabi, Diango Djibo Mahamane, A Maharaj, A Maharaj, AD Maharaj, MR Mahmud, M Mahoko, NA Mahomedy, O Mahomva, TM Mahureva, RK Maila, DM Maimane, M Maimbo, SN Maina, Dela A Maiwald, MD Maiyalagan, N Majola, N Makgofa, V Makhanya, WP Makhaye, NM Makhlouf, S Makhoba, EK Makopa, O Makori, Alex M Makupe, MA Makwela, ME Malefo, SM Malongwe, DM Maluleke, MR Maluleke, K Touré Mamadou, MP Mamaleka, Y Mampangula, RM Mamy, MNR Mananjara, MTM Mandarry, DM Mangoo, C Manirimbere, A Manneh, A Mansour, I Mansour, M Manvinder, DV Manyere, VT Manzini, JK Manzombi, PM Mapanda, LC Marais, O Maranga, JPB Maritz, FK Mariwa, RS Masela, MM Mashamba, Doreen M Mashava, MV Mashile, E Mashoko, OR Masia, JN Masipa, ATM Masiyambiri, MW Matenchi, W Mathangani, RC Mathe, Christopher Y Matola, PM Matondo, R Matos-Puig, FFH Matoug, JT Matubatuba, HP Mavesere, R Mavhungu, S Maweni, CJM Mawire, T Mawisa, S Mayeza, R Mbadi, M Mbayabu, N Mbewe, WD Mbombo, T Mbuyi, WMS Mbuyi, MW Mbuyisa, Bernard Mbwele, RM Mehyaoui, ID Menkiti, LVM Mesarieki, A Metali, Serge Mewanou, L Mgonja, N Mgoqo, S Mhatu, TM Mhlari, S Miima, IM Milod, P Minani, F Mitema, A Mlotshwa, JE Mmasi, T Mniki, BO Mofikoya, JO Mogale, A Mohamed, A Mohamed, A Mohamed, S Mohamed, S Mohamed, TS Mohamed, A Mohamed, A Mohamed, AM Mohamed, P Mohamed, I Mohammed, FAM Mohammed, M Mohammed, NM Mohammed, MP Mohlala, R Mokretar, FM Molokoane, KN Mongwe, L Montenegro, OD Montwedi, QK Moodie, M Moopanar, M Morapedi, TG Morulana, VL Moses, P Mossy, H Mostafa, SR Motilall, SP Motloutsi, Kanté Moussa, M Moutari, OM Moyo, PE Mphephu, Busi Mrara, C Msadabwe, VM Mtongwe, FK Mubeya, K Muchiri, J Mugambi, GIM Muguti, AB Muhammad, IF Mukama, MM Mukenga, FK Mukinda, PM Mukuna, ARW Mungherera, Dolly M Munlemvo, TW Munyaradzi, AA Munyika, JM Muriithi, MP Muroonga, R Murray, VK Mushangwe, M Mushaninga, VEM Musiba, JM Musowoya, S Mutahi, MGH Mutasiigwa, G Mutizira, A Muturi, T Muzenda, KR Mvwala, NM Mvwama, A Mwale, CN Mwaluka, JD Mwamba, HAM Mwanga, CM Mwangi, S Mwansa, V Mwenda, IM Mwepu, TM Mwiti, SZ Mzezewa, L Nabela, MTN Nabukenya, SM Nabulindo, K Naicker, D Naidoo, L Naidoo, LC Naidoo, N Naidoo, R Naidoo, RD Naidoo, S Naidoo, TD Naidoo, TK Naidu, NZ Najat, Y Najm, F Nakandungile, P Nakangombe, CN Namata, ES Namegabe, A Nansook, NP Nansubuga, C Nantulu, Rodrigue Nascimento, GT Naude, H Nchimunya, MA Ndaie, PN Ndarukwa, Henry Ndasi, Gabriel Ndayisaba, D Ndegwa, R Ndikumana, Andrew KN Ndonga, C Ndung'u, MC Neil, MS Nel, EV Neluheni, DS Nesengani, NT Nesengani, LE Netshimboni, AM Ngalala, BM Ngari, NBM Ngari, E Ngatia, GK Ngcobo, TS Ngcobo, D Ngorora, D Ngouane, K Ngugi, Zipporah WW Ngumi, Z Nibe, E Ninise, JC Niyondiko, PW Njenga, MN Njenga, M Njoroge, S Njoroge, W Njuguna, PN Njuki, T Nkesha, TN Nkuebe, NP Nkuliyingoma, M Nkunjana, Ernest Nkwabi, RN Nkwine, C Nnaji, I Notoane, Shaaban Nsalamba, LM Ntlhe, C Ntoto, B Ntueba, MT Nyassi, Z Nyatela-Akinrinmade, HO Nyawanda, NN Nyokabi, VN Nziene, S Obadiah, OJP Ochieng, PK Odia, OEO Oduor, EO Ogboli-Nwasor, SWO Ogendo, O Ogunbode, TO Ogundiran, O Ogutu, RW Ojewola, M Ojujo, DO Ojuka, OS Okelo, S Okiya, N Okonu, PR Olang, Akinyinka O Omigbodun, S Omoding, J Omoshoro-Jones, R Onyango, A Onyegbule, O Orjiako, MO Osazuwa, Kpatinvo Oscar, BB Osinaike, AO Osinowo, OM Othin, FFH Otman, J Otokwala, F Ouanes, Ongoïba Oumar, AO Ousseini, S Padayachee, SM Pahlana, J Pansegrouw, FP Paruk, MB Patel, Ushmaben Patel, AP Patience, Rupert M Pearse, JD Pembe, GN Pengemale, N Perez, MF Aguilera Perez, A Mallier Peter, M Phaff, RM Pheeha, BH Pienaar, V Pillay, KA Pilusa, MP Pochana, O Polishchuk, Owen S Porrill, EF Post, A Prosper, M Pupyshev, A Rabemazava, MS Rabiou, L Rademan, M Rademeyer, RAR Raherison, FR Rajah, MSR Rajcoomar, Z Rakhda, AHR Rakotoarijaona, AHN Rakotoarisoa, Sylvia R Rakotoarison, RR Rakotoarison, L Ramadan, MLR Ramananasoa, M Rambau, TPR Ramchurn, HE Ramilson, Rajesh J Ramjee, H Ramnarain, R Ramos, TJ Rampai, SR Ramphal, T Ramsamy, R Ramuntshi, R Randolph, DMA Randriambololona, WAP Ras, RAF Rasolondraibe, JDLC Rasolonjatovo, RM Rautenbach, S Ray, Sarah R Rayne, FAR Razanakoto, SR Reddy, Anthony R Reed, JR Rian, FR Rija, B Rink, AT Robelie, CA Roberts, AGL Rocher, S Rocher, Reitze N Rodseth, I Rois, W Rois, S Rokhsi, J Roos, Nicolette F Rorke, H Roura, FJ Rousseau, N Rousseau, L Royas, D Roytowski, Devan Rungan, SSR Rwehumbiza, BB Ryabchiy, V Ryndine, CR Saaiman, HK Sabwa, S Sadat, SS Saed, E Salaheddin, H Salaou, M Saleh, HM Salisu-Kabara, Hamza Doles Sama, Ahmadou L Samateh, W Sam-Awortwi (Jnr), N Samuel, DK Sanduku, Chaibou M Sani, LN Sanyang, HN Sarah, A Sarkin-Pawa, R Sathiram, T Saurombe, H Schutte, MP Sebei, MD Sedekounou, MP Segooa, EM Semenya, BO Semo, CS Sendagire, SA Senoga, FS Senusi, T Serdyn, MD Seshibe, GB Shah, R Shamamba, CS Shambare, TN Shangase, SH Shanin, IE Shefren, AA Sheshe, OB Shittu, AS Shkirban, T Sholadoye, A Shubba, N Sigcu, SE Sihope, DS Sikazwe, BS Sikombe, K Simaga Abdoul, WAG Simo, K Singata, AS Singh, S Singh, Usha Singh, V Sinoamadi, N Sipuka, NLM Sithole, S Sitima, David Lee Skinner, GC Skinner, OI Smith, CAG Smits, MSI Sofia, Gaoussou Sogoba, A Sohoub, SS Sookun, O Sosinska, Rosalie Souhe, G Souley, Thiam Souleymane, JM Spicer, Sandra Spijkerman, H Steinhaus, A Steyn, G Steyn, HC Steyn, Heidi L Stoltenkamp, S Stroyer, A Swaleh, E Swayeb, AJ Szpytko, NA Taiwo, A Tarhuni, D Tarloff, Blaise Tchaou, Charles Tchegnonsi, M Tchoupa, MO Teeka, B Thakoor, MM Theunissen, BP Thomas, MB Thomas, A Thotharam, O Tobiko, AM Torborg, SM Tshisekedi, SK Tshisola, R Tshitangano, F Tshivhula, HT Tshuma, Janat Tumukunde, M Tun, IA Udo, DI Uhuebor, KU Umeh, AO Usenbo, JdD Uwiteyimbabazi, DJ Van der Merwe, FH van der Merwe, JE van der Walt, Dominique van Dyk, JG Van Dyk, JJS van Niekerk, S van Wyk, HA van Zyl, B Veerasamy, PJ Venter, AJ Vermeulen, R Villarreal, J Visser, L Visser, M Voigt, Richard P von Rahden, A Wafa, A Wafula, PK Wambugu, P Waryoba, EN Waweru, M Weideman, Robert D Wise, EE Wynne, AI Yahya, AA Yahya, R Yahya, Y Yakubu, JJ Yanga, YM Yangazov, O Yousef, G Yousef, Coulibaly Youssouf, AA Yunus, AS Yusuf, AZ Zeiton, HZ Zentuti, Henry Zepharine, AB Zerihun, S Zhou, A Zidan, Sanogo Zimogo Zié, CZ Zinyemba, A Zo, Lidwine Zomahoun, NZ Zoobei, Eugene Zoumenou, NZ Zubia
Journal: The Lancet (2018)