tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Influence of glass-based dental ceramic type and thickness with identical shade on the light transmittance and the degree of conversion of resin cement
Authors: Soram Oh, Su-Mi Shin, Hyun-Jung Kim, Janghyun Paek, Sung-Joon Kim, Tai Hyun Yoon, Sun-Young Kim
Journal: International Journal of Oral Science (2018)

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of the types and thicknesses of glass ceramic plates on light transmittance and compare the degrees of conversion (DC) of resin cement under the ceramic materials. Three ceramic plates with thicknesses of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mm were fabricated from each of five commercial ceramic blocks in shade A2: high-translucency and low-translucency IPS Empress CAD (Emp_HT and Emp_LT); high-translucency and low-translucency IPS e.max CAD (Emx_HT and Emx_LT); and Vita Mark II (Vita). The translucency parameter was obtained using a colorimeter. The light transmittance rate was measured using a photodetector attached to an optical power meter. The DC of a resin cement (Variolink N) underneath the ceramic plates was examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The translucency parameter, light transmittance rate, and DC showed significant differences by ceramic type and thickness (P < 0.05). The Emp_HT specimens showed the highest light transmission and DCs, and the Emx_LT showed the least light transmission and the lowest DCs. The high-translucency Empress showed significantly higher DCs than the low-translucency types (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in e.max (P > 0.05). Both type and thickness of the glass ceramics significantly influenced the light transmittance and DC of the light-cured resin cement beneath the ceramic of the same shade.
Lung Recruitment and Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Titration in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Carmen Silvia Valente Barbas, Sérgio Nogueira Nemer
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA IN ADULTS WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Authors: Michael Earing, Marc Drake, Jane Sowinski, Emily Reinhardt, Tara Saleska, Lindsey Katzmark, Katie Nolin, Peter Bartz, Scott Cohen, Salil Ginde
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Expansion of Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Max J. Romano
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

Letters20 March 2018Expansion of Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus InfectionMax J. Romano, MD, MPHMax J. Romano, MD, MPHMedStar Franklin Square Medical Center and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (M.J.R.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L17-0697 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:As a family medicine resident, I enjoyed reading Kattakuzhy and colleagues' article (1). It provides valuable evidence that nurse practitioners (NPs), primary care physicians (PCPs), and specialists can safely and effectively treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with direct-acting antivirals in low-resource, urban settings. However, my enthusiasm for the study's findings, our journal club raised 2 main critiques of its design.The study is by design nonrandomized, and the protocol states that specialists “selected” patients to retain in their care without offering any objective criteria or stratification process. The authors devote several paragraphs to describing how patients ...Reference1. Kattakuzhy S, Gross C, Emmanuel B, Teferi G, Jenkins V, Silk R, et al; the ASCEND Providers. Expansion of treatment for hepatitis C virus infection by task shifting to community-based nonspecialist providers: a nonrandomized clinical trial. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167:311-8. [PMID: 28785771]. doi:10.7326/M17-0118 LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: MedStar Franklin Square Medical Center and Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland (M.J.R.)Disclosures: The author has disclosed no conflicts of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L17-0697. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoExpansion of Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus Infection by Task Shifting to Community-Based Nonspecialist Providers Sarah Kattakuzhy , Chloe Gross , Benjamin Emmanuel , Gebeyehu Teferi , Veronica Jenkins , Rachel Silk , Elizabeth Akoth , Aurielle Thomas , Charisse Ahmed , Michelle Espinosa , Angie Price , Elana Rosenthal , Lydia Tang , Eleanor Wilson , Soren Bentzen , Henry Masur , Shyam Kottilil , and Expansion of Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus Infection Benjamin Emmanuel , Henry Masur , Shyam Kottilil , and Sarah Kattakuzhy Expansion of Treatment for Hepatitis C Virus Infection Dev Katarey Metrics 20 March 2018Volume 168, Issue 6Page: 456-457KeywordsForecastingHIV infectionsHepatitis C virusInfectious hepatitisNursesPatientsPrimary care physiciansSafetySafety studiesTreatment guidelines ePublished: 20 March 2018 Issue Published: 20 March 2018 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2018 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
DOES AGE MATTER? EVALUATION OF PROPHYLAXIS FOR VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM IN THE REAL-WORLD SETTINGS AMONG HOSPITALIZED ACUTELY MEDICALLY ILL PATIENTS OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS
Authors: Alpesh N. Amin, W. Richey Neuman, Melissa Lingohr-Smith, Brandy Menges, Jay Lin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
ORY-1001, a Potent and Selective Covalent KDM1A Inhibitor, for the Treatment of Acute Leukemia
Authors: Tamara Maes, Cristina Mascaró, Iñigo Tirapu, Angels Estiarte, Filippo Ciceri, Serena Lunardi, Nathalie Guibourt, Alvaro Perdones, Michele M.P. Lufino, Tim C.P. Somervaille, Dan H. Wiseman, Cihangir Duy, Ari Melnick, Christophe Willekens, Alberto Ortega, Marc Martinell, Nuria Valls, Guido Kurz, Matthew Fyfe, Julio Cesar Castro-Palomino, Carlos Buesa
Journal: Cancer Cell (2018)
Drug industry broke promises on medical research, say experts
Authors: Nigel Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Drug companies have failed to keep their side of the bargain struck in the ambitious UK biosciences strategy, says its principal author, David Cooksey.

Speaking at a seminar about medical research in the UK and the 2006 creation of the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), he said that he was “hugely disappointed” by what had happened since the strategy was published in 2003 by the Biosciences Industry Growth Taskforce, which he chaired. The aim of the report was to make the UK a better place for innovation in the biosciences, and the report had strong industry involvement.

“During the gestation of the report I had a huge come-on from the pharmaceutical companies for what I was trying to do,” Cooksey said. “But in fact they have largely removed themselves from basic research. To me, that is a huge disappointment because we were looking for parallel effort from the industry.

“AstraZeneca now has only 7500 people working in the UK; Pfizer has closed the Sandwich laboratory; and Roche, who promised Gordon Brown [then chancellor of the exchequer] that they would put 30% of their research into the UK, didn’t.” He was also strongly critical of the industry’s pricing policies.

Cooksey, a businessman and …
Health system assessment for safe surgical care in rural Nicaragua: a retrospective survey
Authors: Neema Kaseje, Jordan Swanson, Isobel Marks, Vincent Were, Sabine Siddiqui, Faye Evans, Emily Smith, Dan Poenaru, Emmanuel Ameh, Kokila Lakhoo, Keith Oldham, Diana Farmer, Doruk Ozgediz
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2018)

BackgroundTo improve access to surgical care in rural Nicaragua, a collaboration was established between the Global Initiative for Children's Surgery (GICS), Operation Smile Nicaragua, and the Nicaragua Ministry of Health. Prior to implementation of the surgical programme Surgery for the People Nicaragua, our aim was to perform a baseline assessment of the Nicaraguan health system's capacity to provide safe surgical care in its rural zones.MethodsIn June and July 2017, a retrospective baseline evaluation of safe surgical care provision was performed at two rural district hospitals in Las Minas using the GICS Optimal Resources tool, the WHO/Program in Global Surgery & Social Change (PGSSC) Surgical Assessment tool, the World Federation of Societies of Anesthesiologists Assessment tool, and the PGSSC Qualitative Assessment tool. Main outcome measures were: surgical workforce density, surgical volume, perioperative mortality rates, level of infrastructure, access to essential medicines, and health system financing.FindingsThe surgical workforce density was six per 100 000 population, including one paediatric surgeon (the WHO target surgical workforce density is 20 per 100 000 population). The surgical volume was 1050 procedures per 100 000 population per year; less than 10% of the surgical volume was paediatric. Perioperative mortality rates were low but not routinely collected: range 0·12%–0·50%. There were major needs in infrastructure including: additional operating theatres; running water at one site; post-anaesthetic recovery room areas; and paediatric-specific surgical wards. There was adequate access to essential medications including oxygen, anaesthetics, and antibiotics. Care at the two district hospitals was free, and there were no recorded out-of-pocket expenses for surgical patients.InterpretationA major success of the Nicaraguan health system is free surgical care, protecting patients from catastrophic expenditure. However, to improve access to surgical care in rural Nicaragua, there is a need for investments in human resources, particularly in anaesthesia and paediatric providers. Furthermore, there is a need for monitoring and evaluation of key indicators including perioperative mortality and complication rates.FundingUBS Optimus Foundation.
Disulfiram targets glioblastoma-stem-like cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Karim Azar, Vinodh Kannappan, Ying Liu, Kate Butcher, Mark Morris, Angel Armesilla, John Darling, Weiguang Wang
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most aggressive adult primary brain tumour with median survival time less than 12 months. GBM are extensively hypoxygenated tumours. Intra-tumoural hypoxia induces GBM-stem-like-cells (GSCs) are highly locally invasive and resistant to all currently available chemotherapeutic agents. The GSCs are responsible for the GBM local invasion and relapse. Hypoxia triggers hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs), NF-κB and stem cell markers, but the relationships among hypoxia, stemness and chemoresistance still remain obscure. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms behind hypoxia-induced GSCs and developing GSC-targeting drug is of clinical significance and urgency. Disulfiram (DS), a clinically used anti-alcoholism drug in combination with copper (Cu) can effectively reverse chemoresistance and block metastasis in multiple cancers. The clinical application of DS is limited by its short half-life in the bloodstream. We recently developed and characterized a poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)-encapsulated DS nanoparticles, protecting DS from degradation and thereby extending its half-life in the bloodstream. We evaluated the in vivo efficacy of the DS-PLGA nanoparticles in orthotopic xenograft GBM mouse model. Hypoxic culture, stable transfection, MTT, CSC markers, Nano-encapsulation, orthotopic GBM mouse model. Hypoxic GBM cells displayed stem markers along with increased invasiveness and resistance to temozolomide (TMZ). NFκB and HIFs transfected GBM cells exhibited GSC features and resistance to TMZ indicating their pivotal role in hypoxia induced resistance. DS/Cu effectively reversed resistance and invasion of hypoxic GBM cells at low nanomolar levels. In combination with copper, DS-PLGA significantly inhibited GBM tumour in orthotopic xenograft mouse models at a very low dose (<1/10 of antialcoholism dose). The new formulation of DS/Cu effectively suppressed GBM with no toxicity to normal tissues. Both DS and PLGA are FDA approved products and can freely pass through the BBB. Our study may lead to a breakthrough in GBM treatment.
A phase 2 study of cabozantinib as first-line treatment in collecting ducts renal cell carcinoma: The BONSAI trial.
Authors: Giuseppe Procopio, Raffaele Ratta, Giovanni Fucà, Paolo Grassi, Luca Porcu, Michele Prisciandaro, Giuseppina Calareso, Rosanna Montone, Margherita Sorrentino, Elena Verzoni
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

TPS709 Background: Collecting ducts carcinoma (CDC) is a rare and aggressive form of renal cell carcinoma, characterized by extremely poor prognosis and resistance to agents effective in other forms of RCC. We hypothesized that cabozantinib, an inhibitor of multiple kinases including VEGFR 2, MET and AXL, may be superior in terms of efficacy to other angiogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of CDC due to its high-spectrum of activity against multiple and non-redundant oncogenic pathways. Methods: The BONSAI study is a prospective, single-centre, single-arm phase II trial evaluating cabozantinib in patients with untreated locally advanced or metastatic CDC. Cabozantinib will be administered at the dose of 60 mg orally once daily until the evidence of disease progression (PD) evaluated by RECIST 1.1 or unacceptable toxicity. Primary objective is the evaluation of objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints are progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety profile of cabozantinib. Exploratory objectives include the evaluation of genetic and immunological landscape of CDC and its correlation with response to treatment. Overall, 23 patients will be enrolled into the study based on a Simon’s two-stage optimal design. In order to reject an ORR equal to 15% with a one-sided alpha error of 10% and to detect an ORR equal to 35% with a power of 80%, 9 patients will be enrolled in the first stage. If at least 2 responses will be observed in the first stage, 14 additional patients will be included in the second stage. If at least 6 responses will be observed at the second stage the activity of cabozantinib will be proved. First patient enrollment is scheduled in November 2017.
Abstract ES6-1: How tumor metabolism contributes to the immunosuppressive microenvironment
Authors: JC Rathmell
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Lymphocyte activation leads to rapid proliferation and differentiation and we have shown that T cell subsets require distinct metabolic programs. The effector CD4 T cell fates (Th1, Th2, Th17) activate a highly glycolytic program. Regulatory CD4 T cells (Treg), in contrast, utilize a more oxidative metabolism and utilize lipids as a major fuel. These metabolic distinctions may allow new understanding of T cell function in tumors and approaches to manipulate immunity. We have now examined the metabolism of Treg in detail and found that FoxP3 itself can promote oxidative metabolism characteristic of Treg and that this is critical to maximize Treg suppressive capacity. Treg can be glycolytic and proliferative in vivo. We found, however, that glucose uptake and glycolysis impaired Treg stability. Thus, Treg regulate glycolytic and oxidative metabolism to balance proliferation and suppressive function. Conversely, the requirement of effector T cells for glucose uptake and glycolysis poses a barrier to inflammatory function in tumors. We have analyzed the metabolism of CD8 T cells in clear cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC) and identified multiple metabolic defects. Importantly, bypassing these defects can enhance T cell function, demonstrating that metabolic alterations pose barriers to anti-tumor immunity. Understanding mechanisms that regulate T cell metabolism may provide new tools to modulate immunity the balance of T cell effector and regulatory populations. Citation Format: Rathmell JC. How tumor metabolism contributes to the immunosuppressive microenvironment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES6-1.
Certificate in the Social Sciences of the Open University—CertSocSci (OU)
Authors: Patrick Wills
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Contact for further information 

Open University: www.open.ac.uk/courses.

Register for courses on 0870 333 4340 or online.

Anyone with an interest in the broad range of the social sciences—sociology, psychology, human geography, environment, economics, politics, and all their interconnections. Surely relevant disciplines to practising doctors as much as anyone else?

During my early years as a principal in general practice.

Studying becomes second nature to all doctors. I have always admired the Open University (OU) as an institution, and I relished studying topics for genuine interest and for pleasure.

This is a level one course—that is, …
Abstract ES1-2: Guidelines for postmastectomy radiotherapy
Authors: A Recht
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract A joint panel of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO), and Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) convened in 2015 to develop an update of the prior ASCO guideline (J Clin Oncol 2001;19:1539-1569) concerning the use of postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT). This effort focused on common scenarios where there have been substantial controversy. Their conclusions and supporting evidence have been published (J Clin Oncol 2016;34:4431-4442). The Panel unanimously agreed that PMRT reduces the risks of local-regional failure (LRF), any recurrence, and breast cancer mortality for patients with T1-2 breast cancer with 1-3 positive axillary nodes. However, some subsets of these patients are likely to have such a low risk of LRF that the absolute benefit of PMRT is outweighed by its potential toxicities. The Panel however could not find sufficient evidence to recommend a specific formula or method of how to combine clinical, pathologic, and biologic data to calculate the risk of LRF. In addition, the acceptable ratio of benefit to toxicity varies among patients and physicians. Thus, the decision to recommend PMRT or not requires a great deal of clinical judgement. The Panel agreed clinicians making such recommendations for an individual patient should consider factors that may decrease the risk of LRF, attenuate the benefit of reduced breast cancer-specific mortality, and/or increase the risks of complications from PMRT. When clinicians and patients elect to omit axillary dissection after a positive sentinel node biopsy, the Panel recommended that these patients receive PMRT only if there is already sufficient information to justify its use without needing to know that additional axillary nodes are involved. Patients with axillary nodal involvement following neoadjuvant systemic therapy should receive PMRT. The role of PMRT in other patients with clinical Stage I or II breast cancer is uncertain. Finally, the Panel recommended that radiation therapy generally be given to both the internal mammary nodes and the supraclavicular-axillary apical nodes in addition to the chest wall or reconstructed breast when PMRT is used. However, there may be subgroups that will have limited, if any, benefits from treating both these nodal areas compared to treating only one of them or, perhaps, treating only the chest wall or reconstructed breast. There is insufficient evidence at this time to define such subgroups in detail. This lecture will address selected elements of the data leading to the Panel's decisions. Citation Format: Recht A. Guidelines for postmastectomy radiotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES1-2.
Cardioprotection by cardiac progenitor cell-secreted exosomes: role of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A
Authors: Lucio Barile, Elisabetta Cervio, Vincenzo Lionetti, Giuseppina Milano, Alessandra Ciullo, Vanessa Biemmi, Sara Bolis, Claudia Altomare, Marco Matteucci, Dario Di Silvestre, Francesca Brambilla, Tudor Emanuel Fertig, Tiziano Torre, Stefanos Demertzis, Pierluigi Mauri, Tiziano Moccetti, Giuseppe Vassalli
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)

Cell therapy trials using cardiac-resident progenitor cells (CPCs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (BMCs) in patients after myocardial infarction have provided encouraging results. Exosomes, nanosized extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin, figure prominently in the bioactivities of these cells. However, a head-to-head comparison of exosomes from the two cell types has not been performed yet. CPCs and BMCs were derived from cardiac atrial appendage specimens and sternal bone marrow, respectively, from patients (n = 20; age, 69.9 ± 10.9) undergoing heart surgery for aortic valve disease and/or coronary artery disease. Vesicles were purified from cell conditioned media by centrifugation/filtration and ultracentrifugation. Vesicle preparations were predominantly composed of exosomes based on particle size and marker expression (CD9, CD63, CD81, Alix, and TSG-101). CPC-secreted exosomes prevented staurosporine-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis more effectively than BMC-secreted exosomes. In vivo, CPC-secreted exosomes reduced scar size and improved ventricular function after permanent coronary occlusion in rats more efficiently than BMC-secreted exosomes. Both types of exosomes stimulated blood vessel formation. CPC-secreted exosomes, but not BMC-derived exosomes, enhanced ventricular function after ischaemia/reperfusion. Proteomics profiling identified pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) as one of the most highly enriched proteins in CPC vs. BMC exosomes. The active form of PAPP-A was detected on CPC exosome surfaces. These vesicles released insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) via proteolytic cleavage of IGF-binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4), resulting in IGF-1 receptor activation, intracellular Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, decreased caspase activation, and reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. PAPP-A knockdown prevented CPC exosome-mediated cardioprotection both in vitro and in vivo. These results suggest that CPC-secreted exosomes may be more cardioprotective than BMC-secreted exosomes, and that PAPP-A–mediated IGF-1 release may explain the benefit. They illustrate a general mechanism whereby exosomes may function via an active protease on their surface, which releases a ligand in proximity to the transmembrane receptor bound by the ligand.