tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Performance measures for ERCP and endoscopic ultrasound: a European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Dirk Domagk, Kofi W. Oppong, Lars Aabakken, Laszlo Czakó, Tibor Gyökeres, Gianpiero Manes, Peter Meier, Jan-Werner Poley, Thierry Ponchon, Andrea Tringali, Cristina Bellisario, Silvia Minozzi, Carlo Senore, Cathy Bennett, Michael Bretthauer, Cesare Hassan, Michal F. Kaminski, Mario Dinis-Ribeiro, Colin J. Rees, Cristiano Spada, Roland Valori, Raf Bisschops, Matthew D. Rutter
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Abstract The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy and United European Gastroenterology present a short list of key performance measures for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). We recommend that endoscopy services across Europe adopt the following seven key and one minor performance measures for EUS and ERCP, for measurement and evaluation in daily practice at center and endoscopist level: 1 Adequate antibiotic prophylaxis before ERCP (key performance measure, at least 90 %); 2 Antibiotic prophylaxis before EUS-guided puncture of cystic lesions (key performance measure, at least 95 %); 3 Bile duct cannulation rate (key performance measure, at least 90 %); 4 Tissue sampling during EUS (key performance measure, at least 85 %); 5 Appropriate stent placement in patients with biliary obstruction below the hilum (key performance measure, at least 95 %); 6 Bile duct stone extraction (key performance measure, at least 90 %); 7 Post-ERCP pancreatitis (key performance measure, less than 10 %). 8 Adequate documentation of EUS landmarks (minor performance measure, at least 90 %). This present list of quality performance measures for ERCP and EUS recommended by ESGE should not be considered to be exhaustive: it might be extended in future to address further clinical and scientific issues.
A Cardiac Metastasis of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma With Partly Squamous Cell Differentiation
Authors: Lars Stegger, Kambiz Rahbar, Christoph Schülke, Sebastian Huss, Christian Wenning
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

PET using the radiotracer F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) was performed in a patient who presented with elevated thyroglobulin (Tg) levels several years after initial therapy of follicular thyroid carcinoma (oncocytic variant) and in whom high-dose radioiodine (I) failed to locate recurrent tumor or to decrease Tg levels. A focal fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in the apical septum of the heart did not have a discernible correlate in echocardiography or MRI for more than 12 months. Finally, a metastasis of the follicular thyroid carcinoma with partly squamous cell differentiation was confirmed and treated by resection and stereotactic body radiotherapy.
ACELARATE: A randomised phase III, open label, clinical study comparing NUC-1031 with gemcitabine in patients with metastatic pancreatic carcinoma
Authors: D. Harrison Palmer, P.J. Ross, P. Silcocks, W. Greenhalf, O. Faluyi, Y.T. Ma, J. Wadsley, C. Rawcliffe, J. Neoptolemos, J.W. Valle, H. Wasan, N. Starling, K. Patel, J. Bridgewater
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Decreasing Cumulative Incidence of End-Stage Renal Disease in Young Patients With Type 1 Diabetes in Sweden: A 38-Year Prospective Nationwide Study
Authors: Cecilia Toppe, Anna Möllsten, Ingeborg Waernbaum, Staffan Schön, Soffia Gudbjörnsdottir, Mona Landin-Olsson, Gisela Dahlquist, Torbjörn Lind, Katarina Steen Carlsson, Sofie Persson, Emma Persson, Marie Fredriksson
Journal: Diabetes Care (2018)

OBJECTIVE Diabetic nephropathy is a serious complication of type 1 diabetes. Recent studies indicate that end-stage renal disease (ESRD) incidence has decreased or that the onset of ESRD has been postponed; therefore, we wanted to analyze the incidence and time trends of ESRD in Sweden. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this study, patients with duration of type 1 diabetes &amp;gt;14 years and age at onset of diabetes 0–34 years were included. Three national diabetes registers were used: the Swedish Childhood Diabetes Register, the Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden, and the National Diabetes Register. The Swedish Renal Registry, a national register on renal replacement therapy, was used to identify patients who developed ESRD. RESULTS We found that the cumulative incidence of ESRD in Sweden was low after up to 38 years of diabetes duration (5.6%). The incidence of ESRD was lower in patients with type 1 diabetes onset in 1991–2001 compared with onset in 1977–1984 and 1985–1990, independent of diabetes duration. CONCLUSIONS The risk of developing ESRD in Sweden in this population is still low and also seems to decrease with time.
Abstract 18240: The Diagnostic and Prognostic Utility of High Sensitivity Troponin I in Patients undergoing Diagnostic Angiography: Results From the Catheter Sampled Blood Archive in Cardiovascular Diseases (CASABLANCA) Study
Authors: Cian P McCarthy, Nasrien E Ibrahim, Asya Lyass, Yiwei Li, Hanna K Gaggin, Mandy L Simon, Renata Mukai, Jamie Harisiades, Parul Gandhi, Noreen Kelly, Shweta R Motiwala, Roland R van Kimmenade, Joseph M Massaro, Ralph B D'Agostino, James L Januzzi
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Although highly sensitive troponin I (hsTnI) concentrations are valuable in the diagnosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), their utility in patients without acute MI...
GDF11 Decreases Pressure Overload–Induced Hypertrophy, but Can Cause Severe Cachexia and Premature Death
Authors: Shavonn C. Harper, Jaslyn Johnson, Giulia Borghetti, Huaqing Zhao, Tao Wang, Markus Wallner, Hajime Kubo, Eric A. Feldsott, Yijun Yang, Yunichel Joo, Xinji Gou, Abdel Karim Sabri, Priyanka Gupta, Maria Myzithras, Ashraf Khalil, Michael Franti, Steven R. Houser
Journal: Circulation Research (2018)

Rationale: Possible beneficial effects of GDF11 (growth differentiation factor 11) on the normal, diseased, and aging heart have been reported, including reversing aging-induced hypertrophy. These effects have not been well validated. High levels of GDF11 have also been shown to cause cardiac and skeletal muscle wasting. These controversies could be resolved if dose-dependent effects of GDF11 were defined in normal and aged animals as well as in pressure overload-induced pathological hypertrophy. Objective: To determine dose-dependent effects of GDF11 on normal hearts and those with pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Methods and Results: Twelve- to 13-week-old C57BL/6 mice underwent transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery. One-week post-TAC, these mice received rGDF11 (recombinant GDF11) at 1 of 3 doses: 0.5, 1.0, or 5.0 mg/kg for up to 14 days. Treatment with GDF11 increased plasma concentrations of GDF11 and p-SMAD2 in the heart. There were no significant differences in the peak pressure gradients across the aortic constriction between treatment groups at 1 week post-TAC. Two weeks of GDF11 treatment caused dose-dependent decreases in cardiac hypertrophy as measured by heart weight/tibia length ratio, myocyte cross-sectional area, and left ventricular mass. GDF11 improved cardiac pump function while preventing TAC-induced ventricular dilation and caused a dose-dependent decrease in interstitial fibrosis (in vivo), despite increasing markers of fibroblast activation and myofibroblast transdifferentiation (in vitro). Treatment with the highest dose (5.0 mg/kg) of GDF11 caused severe body weight loss, with significant decreases in both muscle and organ weights and death in both sham and TAC mice. Conclusions: Although GDF11 treatment can reduce pathological cardiac hypertrophy and associated fibrosis while improving cardiac pump function in pressure overload, high doses of GDF11 cause severe cachexia and death. Use of GDF11 as a therapy could have potentially devastating actions on the heart and other tissues.
GW29-e1165 The predictive value of intra-left atrial mechanical delay for 1-year recurrence of atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation: a clinical follow-up study using dual Doppler echocardiography
Authors: Yanxiang Zhou, Jinling Chen, Bo Hu, Sheng Cao, Qing Zhou, Ruiqiang Guo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Effects of prenatal exercise on fetal heart rate, umbilical and uterine blood flow: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rachel J Skow, Margie H Davenport, Michelle F Mottola, Gregory A Davies, Veronica J Poitras, Casey E Gray, Alejandra Jaramillo Garcia, Nick Barrowman, Victoria L Meah, Linda G Slater, Kristi B Adamo, Ruben Barakat, Stephanie-May Ruchat
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2018)

Objective To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the influence of acute and chronic prenatal exercise on fetal heart rate (FHR) and umbilical and uterine blood flow metrics. Design Systematic review with random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression. Data sources Online databases were searched up to 6 January 2017. Study eligibility criteria Studies of all designs were included (except case studies) if published in English, Spanish or French, and contained information on the population (pregnant women without contraindication to exercise), intervention (subjective or objective measures of frequency, intensity, duration, volume or type of exercise, alone [“exercise-only”] or in combination with other intervention components [eg, dietary; “exercise + co-intervention”]), comparator (no exercise or different frequency, intensity, duration, volume and type of exercise) and outcomes (FHR, beats per minute (bpm); uterine and umbilical blood flow metrics (systolic:diastolic (S/D) ratio; Pulsatility Index (PI); Resistance Index (RI); blood flow, mL/min; and blood velocity, cm/s)). Results ‘Very low’ to ‘moderate’ quality evidence from 91 unique studies (n=4641 women) were included. Overall, FHR increased during (mean difference (MD)=6.35bpm; 95% CI 2.30 to 10.41, I 2 =95%, p=0.002) and following acute exercise (MD=4.05; 95% CI 2.98 to 5.12, I 2 =83%, p&lt;0.00001). The incidence of fetal bradycardia was low at rest and unchanged with acute exercise. There were no significant changes in umbilical or uterine S/D, PI, RI, blood flow or blood velocity during or following acute exercise sessions. Chronic exercise decreased resting FHR and the umbilical artery S/D, PI and RI at rest. Conclusion Acute and chronic prenatal exercise do not adversely impact FHR or uteroplacental blood flow metrics.
Serum- and Glucocorticoid-induced Kinase Sgk1 Directly Promotes the Differentiation of Colorectal Cancer Cells and Restrains Metastasis
Authors: Lennard Y.W. Lee, Connor Woolley, Thomas Starkey, Sujata Biswas, Tia Mirshahi, Chiara Bardella, Stefania Segditsas, Shazia Irshad, Ian Tomlinson
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Purpose: The molecular events that determine intestinal cell differentiation are poorly understood and it is unclear whether it is primarily a passive event or an active process. It is clinically important to gain a greater understanding of the process, because in colorectal cancer, the degree of differentiation of a tumor is associated with patient survival. SGK1 has previously been identified as a gene that is principally expressed in differentiated intestinal cells. In colorectal cancer, there is marked downregulation of SGK1 compared with normal tissue. Experimental Design: An inducible SGK1 viral overexpression system was utilized to induce reexpression of SGK1 in colorectal cancer cell lines. Transcriptomic and phenotypic analyses of these colorectal cancer lines was performed and validation in mouse and human cohorts was performed. Results: We demonstrate that SGK1 is upregulated in response to, and an important controller of, intestinal cell differentiation. Reexpression of SGK1 in colorectal cancer cell lines results in features of differentiation, decreased migration rates, and inhibition of metastasis in an orthotopic xenograft model. These effects may be mediated, in part, by SGK1-induced PKP3 expression and increased degradation of MYC. Conclusions: Our results suggest that SGK1 is an important mediator of differentiation of colorectal cells and may inhibit colorectal cancer metastasis.
What’s hot that the other lot got
Authors: Pujan H Patel
Journal: Thorax (2018)

Metabolic acidaemia is frequently encountered among patients in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Administration of sodium bicarbonate infusions to manage this derangement remains an area of contention and varied practice given the lack of clinical outcomes data. Jaber et al ( The Lancet 2018;392:31) performed an open­ label, randomised, controlled trial (RCT) across 26 French ICUs, which included a total of 389 patients. Their cohort had metabolic acidaemia defined as arterial blood gas (ABG) pH levels ≤7·20, PaCO2 ≤45 mmHg and sodium bicarbonate concentration ≤20 mmol/L in addition to either Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score ≥4 or Lactate ≥2 mmol/L. The intervention arm received infusions of 4·2% sodium bicarbonate in order to increase and maintain arterial pH ≥7·30. The primary outcome was a composite of both 28 day mortality and the presence of at least one organ failure at day 7. They found no difference in the primary outcome, which was reached by 66% of the bicarbonate group and 71% in the control group (P=0.24). Of the secondary outcomes, bicarbonate reduced the necessity for renal replacement therapy from 52% to 35% (P=0.0009) and in patients with evidence …
Sixty seconds on . . . Emma’s Diary
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Sadly, Pepys this is not. Emma’s Diary is a commercial company that provides pregnancy advice (and advertising) to women through its website, app, and magazine. It also provides health advice which, until recently, was affiliated with the Royal College of General Practitioners.

In August, the Information Commissioner’s Office fined Lifecycle Marketing (Mother and Baby) Ltd—the company also known as Emma’s Diary—£140 000 (€159 000; $183 000) for illegally collecting and selling personal information belonging to …
An Oral Disease Severity Score for pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: M. Ormond, H. McParland, A.N.A. Donaldson, M. Andiappan, R.J. Cook, M. Escudier, E. Hullah, J. Higham, R. McMillan, J. Taylor, P.J. Shirlaw, S.J. Challacombe, J.F. Setterfield
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a rare and often serious autoimmune disease that causes painful blistering in a number of sites including the skin, mouth, nose, throat or genitals. It does this by producing harmful antibodies that are directed to the skin or mucous membranes. The mouth is a site where the disease often starts and may continue to be affected for many years. Immune suppressant medicines are used to treat PV but in order to use these effectively and safely, clinicians need an accurate and ‘reproducible’ method of assessing and recording the number and site of the lesions. Reproducible means that the test can be repeated by another person and the results will be the same. Scoring tools that have been scientifically validated are therefore used and include the Autoimmune Bullous Skin Disorder Intensity Score (ABSIS) and the Pemphigus Disease Area Index (PDAI). These include an oral (mouth) component but for patients with predominantly oral disease, we have devised a specific Oral Disease Severity Score (ODSS) which looks at 17 sites in the mouth, yet is quick and simple to use. In this UK study, we sought to validate ODSS and to compare its reproducibility with ABSIS, PDAI and the Physicians Global Assessment score. Ten oral medicine specialists, the majority unfamiliar with any of these methodologies, each scored 15 patients with oral PV on one day. Two clinicians rescored all 15 patients. The results have shown that the ODSS was both reliable and reproducible and was at least as good if not better than ABSIS and PDAI for assessing oral disease. By providing a more detailed method for assessing oral PV, we believe that ODSS will be more sensitive (accurate) for long term disease monitoring.
P3.17-22 Nivolumab Plus Cisplatin/Pemetrexed or Cisplatin/Gemcitabine as Induction in Resectable NSCLC
Authors: R. Zinner, S. Cowan, C. Solomides, D.C. Hooper, L. Harshyne, G. Lu-Yao, H. Yang, L. Phan, D. Poller, B. Leiby, M. Werner-Wasik, B. Lu, J. Johnson, R. Axelrod, A. Argiris, N. Evans
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2018)
Risk assessment in patients with systemic sclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Karen M. Olsson, Marius M. Hoeper
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

The current treatment of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is founded on repeated risk stratification at diagnosis and during follow-up. The 2015 European pulmonary hypertension guidelines propose a multidimensional risk assessment strategy based on nine items and 13 distinct variables in order to predict the estimated 1-year mortality [1, 2]. Recently, several large registry studies have shown that simplified tools can be used to predict outcomes and guide treatment decisions [3–6]. These studies have focused largely on 6-min walking distance (6MWD), World Health Organization (WHO) functional class (FC), right atrial pressure (RAP), cardiac index (CI) and brain natriuretic peptides (BNP or NT-proBNP). Low-risk criteria were defined as WHO FC I or II, 6MWD >440 m, RAP <8 mmHg, CI ≥2.5 L·min−1·m−2, BNP <50 ng·L−1 and NT-proBNP <300 ng·L−1. Risk stratification was based either on the average risk or the number of low-risk criteria. A unanimous finding of all these studies, irrespective of the assessment strategy, was that risk stratification at follow-up, i.e. in patients receiving PAH treatment, provided more accurate predictions of outcome than the initial risk assessment at the time of diagnosis [3–5, 7]. In addition, a noninvasive approach based solely on 6MWD, FC and BNP/NT-proBNP during follow-up was particular useful for identifying patients with a very low mortality risk (≤5% over a 5-year observation period) [4, 8]. Of note, these data were derived mainly from patients with idiopathic PAH (IPAH) and there was limited evidence that the same risk assessment strategy can be used in patients with other forms of PAH, including those with PAH due to systemic sclerosis (SSc). An abbreviated version of the ESC/ERS risk stratification strategy predicts outcome in patients with systemic sclerosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension <http://ow.ly/4Zvh30lYJf3>
Local Cancer Recurrence: The Realities, Challenges, and Opportunities for New Therapies
Authors: David A. Mahvi, Rong Liu, Mark W. Grinstaff, Yolonda L. Colson, Chandrajit P. Raut
Journal: CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians (2018)

Locoregional recurrence negatively impacts both long-term survival and quality of life for several malignancies. For appropriate-risk patients with an isolated, resectable, local recurrence, surgery represents the only potentially curative therapy. However, oncologic outcomes remain inferior for patients with locally recurrent disease even after macroscopically complete resection. Unfortunately, these operations are often extensive, with significant perioperative morbidity and mortality. This review highlights selected malignancies (mesothelioma, sarcoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, rectal cancer, and peritoneal surface malignancies) in which surgical resection is a key treatment modality and local recurrence plays a significant role in overall oncologic outcome with regard to survival and quality of life. For each type of cancer, the current, state-of-the-art treatment strategies and their outcomes are assessed. The need for additional therapeutic options is presented given the limitations of the current standard therapies. New and emerging treatment modalities, including polymer films and nanoparticles, are highlighted as potential future solutions for both prevention and treatment of locally recurrent cancers. Finally, the authors identify additional clinical and research opportunities and propose future research strategies based on the various patterns of local recurrence among the different cancers.
Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 suppresses breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Jongchan Kim, Hai-Long Piao, Beom-Jun Kim, Fan Yao, Zhenbo Han, Yumeng Wang, Zhenna Xiao, Ashley N. Siverly, Sarah E. Lawhon, Baochau N. Ton, Hyemin Lee, Zhicheng Zhou, Boyi Gan, Shinichi Nakagawa, Matthew J. Ellis, Han Liang, Mien-Chie Hung, M. James You, Yutong Sun, Li Ma
Journal: Nature Genetics (2018)
Brs3 neurons in the mouse dorsomedial hypothalamus regulate body temperature, energy expenditure, and heart rate, but not food intake
Authors: Ramón A. Piñol, Sebastian H. Zahler, Chia Li, Atreyi Saha, Brandon K. Tan, Vojtěch Škop, Oksana Gavrilova, Cuiying Xiao, Michael J. Krashes, Marc L. Reitman
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2018)
Plinabulin (Plin), a novel non-G-CSF molecule for the revention of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN), has the potential to positively impact tumor micro environment
Authors: D. Blayney, S. Ogenstad, Y.-K. Shi, Q. Zhang, L. Du, L. Huang, R. Mohanlal
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Targeted deep sequencing from circulating plasma DNA as a multipurpose biomarker in pts (pts) referred for phase I trials.
Authors: Jean-Sebastien Frenel, Suzanne Carreira, Jane Goodall, Desamparados Roda, Alan David Smith, Joaquin Mateo, Michael Ong, Delila Gasi-Tandefelt, Timothy Anthony Yap, Gerhardt Attard, Ines Figueiredo, Daniel Nava Rodrigues, Penelope Flohr, L Rhoda Molife, Stanley B. Kaye, Udai Banerji, Johann Sebastian De Bono
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

11051 Background: Plasma from pts with cancer contains cell free DNA (cfDNA) that can be interrogated by next generation sequencing (NGS). We assessed the use of plasma NGS as a multi-purpose biomarker in advanced cancer pts referred for Phase I trial participation. Methods: Between 12/2012 and 12/2013, the plasma of pts with known mutations in tumor biopsies completing at least 2 courses of investigational targeted drug therapy was collected monthly until disease progression. cfDNA was extracted and NGS performed on the PGM platform with the Ion AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 starting from 10ng of DNA. This panel amplifies 207 amplicons covering 2,800 COSMIC mutations from 50 oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Results: The mean sequencing coverage across the experiments was 1,685x. Overall, 37 pts (colon (n=11), ovary (10), breast (7), bladder (2), kidney (2), glioblastoma (2), endometrium/melanoma/penile/lung (n=1) receiving inhibitors of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway (n=23), MEK (n=7), PARP (n=3)) or others targets (n=4) were included. TP53, KRAS and PIK3CA were the most commonly mutated genes in tumor biopsies. At Phase I trial initiation (C1D1), 20 of 37 pts (54%) had at least one mutation identified in cfDNA. Pts with only nodal or peritoneal disease were less likely to have a mutation detected: 1/6 (17%) having a cfDNA mutation. Thirty-six different mutations were identified at C1D1 in 20 pts: TP53 (n=15) with an allele frequency (AF) ranging from 2% to 57%; KRAS (n=6; AF 4-51%); PIK3CA (n=6; AF 5-58%); APC (n=4; AF=15-33%); SMAD4, HRAS, FBXW7, CDKN2A, ATM (n=1). Three mutations identified in cfDNA were not identified in tumor: TP53 (Y220C; AF 4.5%), ATM (R337C; AF 18%), TP53(R342fs*2; AF 23%). In 15 pts, subsequent AF mutation monitoring showed that 75% (3/4) of pts with a >30% decrease in AF at C2D1 compared to baseline had stable disease or a partial response by RECIST after 2 cycles. Conversely 87.5% (7/8) of pts with an increasing AF >20% at C2D1 had progressive disease by RECIST after 2 cycles, while a stable AF at C2D1 (-20%< ΔAF <+30%) was associated with SD in 2/3 pts. Conclusions: NGS of plasma is feasible even with low DNA input and may be of utility as a predictive and response biomarker.