tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Sunscreen applied at ≥ 2 mg cm<sup>−2</sup>during a sunny holiday prevents erythema, a biomarker of ultraviolet radiation‐induced<scp>DNA</scp>damage and suppression of acquired immunity
Authors: J. Narbutt, P.A. Philipsen, G.I. Harrison, K.A. Morgan, K.P. Lawrence, K.A. Baczynska, K. Grys, M. Rogowski‐Tylman, I. Olejniczak‐Staruch, A. Tewari, M. Bell, C. O'Connor, H.C. Wulf, A. Lesiak, A.R. Young
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Sun protection factor (SPF) is assessed with sunscreen applied at 2 mg cm-2 . People typically apply around 0·8 mg cm-2 and use sunscreen daily for holidays. Such use results in erythema, which is a risk factor for skin cancer.To determine (i) whether typical sunscreen use resulted in erythema, epidermal DNA damage and photoimmunosuppression during a sunny holiday, (ii) whether optimal sunscreen use inhibited erythema and (iii) whether erythema is a biomarker for photoimmunosuppression in a laboratory study.Holidaymakers (n = 22) spent a week in Tenerife (very high ultraviolet index) using their own sunscreens without instruction (typical sunscreen use). Others (n = 40) were given SPF 15 sunscreens with instructions on how to achieve the labelled SPF (sunscreen intervention). Personal ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure was monitored electronically as the standard erythemal dose (SED) and erythema was quantified. Epidermal cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) were determined by immunostaining, and immunosuppression was assessed by contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response.There was no difference between personal UVR exposure in the typical sunscreen use and sunscreen intervention groups (P = 0·08). The former had daily erythema on five UVR-exposed body sites, increased CPDs (P < 0·001) and complete CHS suppression (20 of 22). In comparison, erythema was virtually absent (P < 0·001) when sunscreens were used at ≥ 2 mg cm-2 . A laboratory study showed that 3 SED from three very different spectra suppressed CHS by around ~50%.Optimal sunscreen use prevents erythema during a sunny holiday. Erythema predicts suppression of CHS (implying a shared action spectrum). Given that erythema and CPDs share action spectra, the data strongly suggest that optimal sunscreen use will also reduce CPD formation and UVR-induced immunosuppression.
The results of questionnaire survey on the usefulness of the communication tools in palliative care
Authors: Yuko Tomomatsu, Megumi Kabeya, Satoshi Hibi, Syuu Yuasa, Satoshi Kayukawa, Takae Kataoka, Yuko Shirokawa, Chiaki Koga, Kenji Ina
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
GW29-e1773 Enhanced oxidative stress mediates pathological autophagy in cardiac myocytes in pressure overload induced heart failure in rats
Authors: ZongFeng Zhu, Ke Wang, JiaPu Wang, RuiFang Chi, ZiJian Yang, HuiYu Xu, XiaoLi Zhang, FuZhong Qin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Association of CCL2 with systemic inflammation in Schnitzler syndrome
Authors: K. Krause, R. Sabat, E. Witte‐Händel, A. Schulze, V. Puhl, M. Maurer, K. Wolk
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

BackgroundSchnitzler syndrome (SchS) is a rare autoinflammatory disease characterized by urticarial exanthema, bone and joint alterations, fever and monoclonal gammopathy, which manifest mostly in the second half of life. It involves overactivation of the interleukin (IL)‐1 system, but the exact pathophysiological pathways remain largely unknown.
Shared Decision-Making Tools in Pediatric Acute Care
Authors: M. Denise Dowd
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2018)

Erik P. Hess, MD, MSc; James L. Homme, MD; Anupam B. Kharbanda, MD, MSc; Leah Tzimenatos, MD; Jeffrey P. Louie, MD; Daniel M. Cohen, MD; Lise E. Nigrovic, MD, MPH; Jessica J. Westphal; Nilay D. Shah, PhD; Jonathan Inselman, MS; Michael J. Ferrara; Jeph Herrin, PhD; Victor M. Montori, MD, MSc; Nathan Kuppermann, MD, MPH
IgG4 drives M2a macrophages to a regulatory M2b‐like phenotype: potential implication in immune tolerance
Authors: Rodolfo Bianchini, Franziska Roth‐Walter, Anna Ohradanova‐Repic, Sabine Flicker, Karin Hufnagl, Michael Bernhard Fischer, Hannes Stockinger, Erika Jensen‐Jarolim
Journal: Allergy (2018)

Macrophages can be converted in vitro into immunoregulatory M2b macrophages in the presence of immune complexes (ICs), but the role of the specific subclasses IgG1 or IgG4 in this phenotypic and functional change is not known.We aimed to refine the original method by applying precisely defined ICs of the subclasses IgG4 or IgG1 constructed by two independent methods.Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) were treated with M-CSF, followed by IL-4/IL-13 to induce the M2a allergic phenotype. To mimic unspecific or allergen-specific ICs, plates were coated with myeloma IgG1 or IgG4, or with grass pollen allergen Phl p 5 followed by recombinant human Phl p 5-specific IgG1 or IgG4. M2a polarized macrophages were then added, cultured, and examined for cellular markers and cytokines by flow cytometry, ELISA, and rtPCR. Alternatively, immune complexes with IgG1 or IgG4 were formed using protein L.IgG4 ICs down regulated CD163 and CD206 on M2a cells, and significantly increased IL-10, IL-6, TNFα, and CCL1 secretion, indicating a shift to an M2b-like phenotype. Treatment with IgG4 ICs resulted in expression of FcγRII and down modulation of FcγRII compared with IgG1 treated cells (P = 0.0335) or untreated cells (P < 0.00001).Immune complexes with subclasses IgG1 and IgG4 can in vitro be generated by plate absorption, and in fluid form by protein L. Cross-linking of FcγRIIb by the IgG4 subclass redirects pro-allergic M2a macrophages to an M2b-like immunosuppressive phenotype. This suggests an interplay of macrophages with IgG4 in immune tolerance, likely relevant in allergen immunotherapy.
The clinical and cost-effectiveness of corticosteroid injection versus night splints for carpal tunnel syndrome (INSTINCTS trial): an open-label, parallel group, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Linda S Chesterton, Milica Blagojevic-Bucknall, Claire Burton, Krysia S Dziedzic, Graham Davenport, Sue M Jowett, Helen L Myers, Raymond Oppong, Trishna Rathod-Mistry, Danielle A van der Windt, Elaine M Hay, Edward Roddy
Journal: The Lancet (2018)

BackgroundTo our knowledge, the comparative effectiveness of commonly used conservative treatments for carpal tunnel syndrome has not been evaluated previously in primary care. We aimed to compare the clinical and cost-effectiveness of night splints with a corticosteroid injection with regards to reducing symptoms and improving hand function in patients with mild or moderate carpal tunnel syndrome.MethodsWe did this randomised, open-label, pragmatic trial in adults (≥18 years) with mild or moderate carpal tunnel syndrome recruited from 25 primary and community musculoskeletal clinics and services. Patients with a new episode of idiopathic mild or moderate carpal tunnel syndrome of at least 6 weeks' duration were eligible. We randomly assigned (1:1) patients (permutated blocks of two and four by site) with an online web or third party telephone service to receive either a single injection of 20 mg methylprednisolone acetate (from 40 mg/mL) or a night-resting splint to be worn for 6 weeks. Patients and clinicians could not be masked to the intervention. The primary outcome was the overall score of the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) at 6 weeks. We used intention-to-treat analysis, with multiple imputation for missing data, which was concealed to treatment group allocation. The trial is registered with the European Clinical Trials Database, number 2013-001435-48, and ClinicalTrial.gov, number NCT02038452.FindingsBetween April 17, 2014, and Dec 31, 2016, 234 participants were randomly assigned (118 to the night splint group and 116 to the corticosteroid injection group), of whom 212 (91%) completed the BCTQ at 6 weeks. The BCTQ score was significantly better at 6 weeks in the corticosteroid injection group (mean 2·02 [SD 0·81]) than the night splint group (2·29 [0·75]; adjusted mean difference −0·32; 95% CI −0·48 to −0·16; p=0·0001). No adverse events were reported.InterpretationA single corticosteroid injection shows superior clinical effectiveness at 6 weeks compared with night-resting splints, making it the treatment of choice for rapid symptom response in mild or moderate carpal tunnel syndrome presenting in primary care.FundingArthritis Research UK.
GW29-e1086 Prescription of dabigatran and rivaroxaban at discharge for atrial fibrillation patients with different classes of renal function: Findings from the CCC- atrial fibrillation project
Authors: Na Yang, Jing Liu, Jun Liu, Yongchen Hao, Sidney C. Smith, Yong Huo, Gregg C. Fonarow, Junbo Ge, Kathryn A. Taubert, Louise Morgan, Yaling Han, Changsheng Ma, Dong Zhao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Abstract MP07: Racial Differences in Incident CHD in Observational Population-based Studies
Authors: Lisandro D Colantonio, Christopher M Gamboa, Joshua S Richman, Emily B Levitan, Elsayed Z Soliman, George Howard, Monika M Safford
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: In the modern era, black men have twice the risk for fatal CHD versus white men, with similar incidence of total CHD. To examine secular trends in these findings, we compared the risk for incident fatal, nonfatal and total CHD by race across three US cohorts from different time periods. Methods: We analyzed data from blacks and whites in the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study (n=14,967, all 45-64 years of age, baseline 1987-1989), the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS, n=4,626, all ≥65 years of age, baseline 1989-1993) and the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study (13,115 participants 45-64 years of age, 7,493 participants ≥65 years of age, baseline 2003-2007) who were free of CHD at baseline. Participants were followed for up to 10 years for fatal or nonfatal CHD. Analyses were stratified by age and gender and adjusted for similar risk factors across cohorts. Results: After age adjustment, black men 45-64 years of age in ARIC and REGARDS had higher risk for fatal CHD and similar risk for nonfatal and total CHD compared with their white counterparts (Table). After further adjustment for risk factors, blacks had similar risk for fatal CHD and lower risk for nonfatal and total CHD. A higher age-adjusted risk for fatal CHD and lower multivariable-adjusted risk for nonfatal CHD was also found among black versus white men ≥65 years of age in REGARDS; however, these associations were attenuated/absent in CHS. Among women 45-64 years of age in ARIC and REGARDS, blacks had higher age-adjusted risk for fatal, nonfatal and total CHD which were attenuated after adjustment for risk factors. There was no association between black race and CHD among women ≥65 years of age. Conclusion: Black-white disparities in the incidence of fatal CHD have remained similar for many years, particularly among those &lt;65 years of age, and are explained by risk factors. The higher risk for fatal CHD is more striking among black men who consistently shown similar risk for total CHD compared with white men across cohorts.
Abstract A46: Heterotypic nucleosomes and PRC2 role in diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas
Authors: Andrea Piunti
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG) harbor a characteristic lysine-to-methionine mutation on histone H3 (H3K27M) that potently inhibits Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) enzymatic activity; however, the precise roles of H3K27M and PRC2 in tumorigenesis remain elusive. Here we perform epigenomic profiling of patient-derived H3K27M mutant DIPG cell lines and demonstrate that H3K27M resides in nucleosomes with H3K27acetylation (H3K27ac) and colocalizes with bromodomain proteins at actively transcribed genes. In contrast, PRC2 is excluded from H3K27M occupied regions but, strikingly, the PRC2 complex is required for maintaining oncogenic potential. Finally, we demonstrate that pharmacologic bromodomain inhibition suppresses tumor growth in vivo. Altogether our results indicate that H3K27M drives accumulation of H3K27ac and point to bromodomain proteins inhibition as a powerful clinical strategy against DIPG. Citation Format: Andrea Piunti. Heterotypic nucleosomes and PRC2 role in diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Pediatric Cancer Research: From Basic Science to the Clinic; 2017 Dec 3-6; Atlanta, Georgia. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(19 Suppl):Abstract nr A46.
Using Big Data to Determine Reference Values for Laboratory Tests—Reply
Authors: Arjun K. Manrai, Chirag J. Patel, John P. A. Ioannidis
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
GW29-e1462 Left bundle Brunch Pacing in a Pacemaker Induced Cardiomyopathy Patient with Intra-nodal, Infra-Hisian and Intra-ventricular Conduction Disease
Authors: Shengjie Wu, None Lan su, Songjie Wang, Lei Xu, Fangyi Xiao, Weijian Huang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Abstract 14005: Myocardium at Risk in Revascularized Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Assessed by Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Validated by the Invasive Alberta Provincial Project for Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease Score
Authors: Dominik Buckert, Nils Dyckmanns, Volker Rasche, Wolfgang Rottbauer, Peter Bernhardt
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: In the setting of acute myocardial ischemia, the hypoperfused portion of the myocardium is in danger of becoming irreversibly injured. This portion of myocardium is often referred to as area at risk (AAR) and is correlated to adverse events and outcome. Hypothesis: Aim of the trial at hand was to assess the AAR in patients with acute non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR). Results were validated by the well-established Alberta Provincial Project for Outcome Assessment in Coronary Heart Disease Score (APPROACH-score) that was assessed by invasive coronary x-ray angiography. Methods: Sixty-four patients presenting with acute NSTEMI who underwent coronary x-ray angiography including subsequent percutaneous coronary intervention within 72 hours of symptom onset were enrolled. Two blinded readers performed offline angiographic AAR assessment using the modified APPROACH-score. For measurement of AAR by CMR, a 1.5 T whole-body scanner with a 32-channel phased-array surface coil was used. Besides functional and volumetric analyses, a 3D T2-weighted black-blood fat-saturated spin-echo sequence was used for visualization of myocardial edema. Area at risk was calculated as edema volume in relation to left ventricular mass. Using this technique, AAR was quantified semi-automatically by two blinded readers in consensus. Results: Mean age of study cohort was 62.9 years. Forty-four subjects were male (73.3%), mean symptom-to-balloon time was 1212 ± 976 min. The resulting mean AAR determined by the modified APPROACH-score was 28.6 ± 10.0%. The mean CMR derived AAR was 27.9 ± 13.7%. CMR assessment tended to slightly underestimate the AAR in comparison to angiographic scoring (difference -0.21 ± 8.1 %, p=NS). A good correlation between the AAR assessed by CMR and by angiography (r=0.84, p&lt;0.0001) was observed. Conclusion: T2-weigthed CMR is able to quantify the AAR with very good correlation to the angiographic APPROACH-score in NSTEMI patients. Therefore, CMR might serve as an excellent surrogate in clinical reperfusion trials.
Abstract 18768: Role of Tlr4 in Modulating Isoproterenol Induced-Autophagic Genes in the Brain: An in vivo and in vitro Study
Authors: Prathyusha Bagam, Fernando A Rosa, Rohan Dharmakumar, Sanjay Batra, Joseph Francis
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Exaggerated sympathetic activity is the hallmark of cardiovascular disease. It is increasingly evident that inflammatory molecules play an important role in the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF). ...
Abstract 20527: Aortic Valve Patient-Prosthesis Mismatch in Obesity: Is it Time to Reconsider?
Authors: Amit K Gupta, Joel A Strom
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) results in high gradients and adverse patient outcomes. The effective orifice area (EOA) index (EOAi), dividing EOA by body surface area (BSA), is fr...
Cystic Fibrosis: Emerging Understanding and Therapies
Authors: Michael M. Rey, Michael P. Bonk, Denis Hadjiliadis
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2018)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-limiting genetic disease in Caucasian patients. Continued advances have led to improved survival, and adults with CF now outnumber children. As our understanding of the disease improves, new therapies have emerged that improve the basic defect, enabling patient-specific treatment and improved outcomes. However, recurrent exacerbations continue to lead to morbidity and mortality, and new pathogens have been identified that may lead to worse outcomes. In addition, new complications, such as CF-related diabetes and increased risk of gastrointestinal cancers, are creating new challenges in management. For patients with end-stage disease, lung transplantation has remained one of the few treatment options, but challenges in identifying the most appropriate patients remain.
Differences in genomic abnormalities among African individuals with monoclonal gammopathies using calculated ancestry
Authors: Linda B. Baughn, Kathryn Pearce, Dirk Larson, Mei-Yin Polley, Eran Elhaik, Michael Baird, Colin Colby, Joanne Benson, Zhuo Li, Yan Asmann, Terry Therneau, James R. Cerhan, Celine M. Vachon, A. Keith Stewart, P. Leif Bergsagel, Angela Dispenzieri, Shaji Kumar, S. Vincent Rajkumar
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2018)

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is two- to three-fold more common in African Americans (AAs) compared to European Americans (EAs). This striking disparity, one of the highest of any cancer, may be due to underlying genetic predisposition between these groups. There are multiple unique cytogenetic subtypes of MM, and it is likely that the disparity is associated with only certain subtypes. Previous efforts to understand this disparity have relied on self-reported race rather than genetic ancestry, which may result in bias. To mitigate these difficulties, we studied 881 patients with monoclonal gammopathies who had undergone uniform testing to identify primary cytogenetic abnormalities. DNA from bone marrow samples was genotyped on the Precision Medicine Research Array and biogeographical ancestry was quantitatively assessed using the Geographic Population Structure Origins tool. The probability of having one of three specific subtypes, namely t(11;14), t(14;16), or t(14;20) was significantly higher in the 120 individuals with highest African ancestry (≥80%) compared with the 235 individuals with lowest African ancestry (&lt;0.1%) (51% vs. 33%, respectively, p value = 0.008). Using quantitatively measured African ancestry, we demonstrate a major proportion of the racial disparity in MM is driven by disparity in the occurrence of the t(11;14), t(14;16), and t(14;20) types of MM.
The role of polo-like kinase1 inhibition in Small Cell Lung Carcinomas
Authors: Rintaro Noro, Miwako Omori, Aya Fukuizum, Akiko Yoshikawa, Teppai Sugano, Natsuki Takano, Kakeru Hisagane, Yuji Minegishi, Akihiko Miyanaga, Masahiro Seike, Kaoru Kubota, Akihiko Gemma
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Holo-Seq: single-cell sequencing of holo-transcriptome
Authors: Zhengyun Xiao, Guo Cheng, Yang Jiao, Chen Pan, Ran Li, Danmei Jia, Jing Zhu, Chao Wu, Min Zheng, Junling Jia
Journal: Genome biology (2018)

Current single-cell RNA-seq approaches are hindered by preamplification bias, loss of strand of origin information, and the inability to observe small-RNA and mRNA dual transcriptomes. Here, we introduce a single-cell holo-transcriptome sequencing (Holo-Seq) that overcomes all three hurdles. Holo-Seq has the same quantitative accuracy and uniform coverage with a complete strand of origin information as bulk RNA-seq. Most importantly, Holo-Seq can simultaneously observe small RNAs and mRNAs in a single cell. Furthermore, we acquire small RNA and mRNA dual transcriptomes of 32 human hepatocellular carcinoma single cells, which display the genome-wide super-enhancer activity and hepatic neoplasm kinetics of these cells.
Cardboard baby boxes should not be promoted as safe to sleep in, warn experts
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2018)

A group of leading cot death experts have warned that cardboard baby boxes should not be promoted as a safe alternative to a cot, bassinet, or Moses basket.1

The cardboard baby box is based on a Finnish tradition of giving pregnant women a box of free infant care items, including a mattress that fits into the bottom of the box to make a makeshift bed. In Scotland, cardboard baby boxes have been given to all new babies since …