tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preventing hepatitis B reactivation in HBsAg-positive patients with untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with R-CHOP chemotherapy: A prospective study to compare entecavir and lamivudine.
Authors: He Huang, Xue Ying Li, Hao Ran Li, Dr.Prem Raj Shrestha, Cheng-cheng Guo, Chao Yong Liang, Tingzhi Liu, Mengping Zhang, Huang Ming Hong, Jia Tian Lin, Jia Jia Huang, Ying Tian, Tongyu Lin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

8503 Background: Hepatitis B reactivation is a serious complication in lymphoma patients treated with rituximab-contained chemotherapy despite lamivudine prophylaxis. The optimal prophylactic antiviral protocol is undetermined. This prospective study was designed to compare the efficacy of prophylactic entecavir and lamivudine in preventing hepatitis B reactivation in HbsAg-positive patients with untreated diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) under R-CHOP treatment. Methods: HBsAg carriers with untreated DLBCL, normal liver function and low serum HBV DNA levels (less than 10 3 copys/ml)were randomized to receive entecavir or lamivudine during R-CHOP treatment and for 6 months after completion of chemotherapy. HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb and HBcAb were performed prior to initiation of treatment. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and HBV-DNA levels were prospectively monitored before every cycle of chemo and every month after completion of chemotherapy. Results: Between February 2008 and December 2012, a total of 229 patients older than 18y with newly diagnosed DLBCL were included. The present analysis is based on 121 HBsAg-positive patients, including 61 patients randomly assigned to entecavir and 60 patients to lamivudine .The primary efficacy end point was the incidence of HBV-related hepatitis. The secondary end point was chemotherapy disruption due to hepatitis. Compared with the lamivadine group, the entecavir group had significantly lower rates of hepatitis(8.2% vs 23.3%,P=0.022), hepatitis B reactivation (0 vs 13.3%,P=0.003),HBV reactiviation(6.6% vs 30.0%,P=0.001), delayed HBV-related hepatitis (0 vs 8.3%,P=0.027) and disruption of chemotherapy (1.6% vs 18.3%,P=0.002). 7 of 8 patients with hepatitis B reactivation had advanced stage(III–IV) disease. Conclusions: In HBsAg-positive DLBCL patients undergoing R-CHOP chemotherapy, entecavir is more effective than lamivudine in preventing hepatitis B reactivation. For patients with advanced stage disease, entecavir should be considered the primary preventive therapy. Clinical trial information: CTR-TRC-11001687.
Abstract 12749: Aortic Valve Replacement in Mixed Aortic Valve Disease-Beyond Ejection Fraction
Authors: Alexander EGBE, Carole Warnes
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: There are limited data about outcomes after aortic valve replacement (AVR) in mixed aortic valve disease (MAVD) population Hypothesis/objectives: To determine the risk factors for cardiovascular adverse event (CAE) after AVR in patients wit moderate-severe MAVD Methods: Review of patients with moderate-severe MAVD (combination of ≥moderate aortic stenosis and ≥moderate aortic regurgitation) who underwent AVR at Mayo Clinic, 1994-2014. CAE was defined as stroke, heart failure hospitalization, severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction or cardiac death. Results: AVR was performed in 283 patients, age 67±5 years, follow-up 9±3 years, men 206 (73%). A bioprosthetic valve was implanted in 151 (57%), aorta replacement in 75 (27%) and coronary artery bypass grafting in 89 (31%). There were 5 perioperative deaths (2%). CAE occurred in 69 (24%) (stroke 22, heart failure hospitalization 28, severe LV dysfunction 46, and cardiac death 26). Only one event was counted per patient. The multivariable predictors of CAE were relative wall thickness &gt;0.46 (hazard ratio [HR] 3.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25-5.33, P =.001), LV mass index &gt;180 g/m 2 (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.32-2.63, P =.02), and LV ejection fraction &lt;50% (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.11-2.59, P =.04). The presence of RWT &gt; 0.46 reliably predicted postoperative CAE with sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 88%. Conclusions: Preoperative LV hypertrophy was the strongest predictor of CAE after AVR in patients with MAVD. Perhaps it should be taken into consideration when determining the timing of AVR. Legends Kaplan-Meier curves showing cardiovascular adverse event (CAE) occurrence (A) CAE rates in the entire cohort; (B) CAE rates in patients with RWT &gt;0.46 (blue) vs RWT ≤0.46 (red); (C) CAE rates in patients with LVMI &gt;180 g/m 2 (green) vs RWT ≤180 g/m 2 (yellow); (D) CAE rates in patients with LVEF &lt; 50% (purple) vs RWT ≥50% (light blue).
Outbreaks in a Rapidly Changing Central Africa — Lessons from Ebola
Authors: Vincent J. Munster, Daniel G. Bausch, Emmie de Wit, Robert Fischer, Gary Kobinger, César Muñoz-Fontela, Sarah H. Olson, Stephanie N. Seifert, Armand Sprecher, Francine Ntoumi, Moses Massaquoi, Jean-Vivien Mombouli
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Outbreaks in a Rapidly Changing Central Africa Economic and demographic change across Central Africa exacerbates the risk of infectious disease epidemics. But population growth and increasing income and education can also spur demand for infrastructure to support sustainable development, including basic health services.
Abstract 17405: Influence of Anti-hypertensive Medications on Aortic Peak Stress
Authors: Alison Ward, Scott Maddalo, Simon Lavallee, Vittoria Flamini, Abe DeAnda, Boyce Griffith
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Aortic disease is treated with medications that lower blood pressure (BP), but may alter stress distributions in the lumen. Computational tools can assist in selecting treatment that ...
Prominent US critic of cancer screening committed plagiarism, investigation finds
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2018)

A well known scholar in US healthcare policy plagiarised his colleague at Dartmouth College, New Hampshire, in a widely cited critique of breast cancer screening, an internal investigation by the college has found.

H Gilbert Welch “engaged in research misconduct, namely, plagiarism,” the investigation committee found, in writing a paper published in the New England Journal of Medicine ( NEJM ).1 The article, which questioned the survival benefits of breast cancer screening, attracted widespread media attention and was cited by 94 other articles, making it one of the top 1% of influential research articles of 2016.

The committee found that Welch, a professor at the Geisel School of Medicine and the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, had “knowingly, intentionally, or recklessly [appropriated] the …
Alveolar Macrophages Provide an Early Mycobacterium tuberculosis Niche and Initiate Dissemination
Authors: Sara B. Cohen, Benjamin H. Gern, Jared L. Delahaye, Kristin N. Adams, Courtney R. Plumlee, Jessica K. Winkler, David R. Sherman, Michael Y. Gerner, Kevin B. Urdahl
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2018)
Abstract 20263: Does the Gender of the Healthcare Provider Influence Health Outcomes Among Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in the United States: Insight From Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (meps) 2010-2013
Authors: Victor Okunrintemi, Rohan Khera, Joseph Salami, Javier Valero-Elizondo, Salim Virani, Michael Blaha, Ron Blankstein, Khurram Nasir
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Recently, the gender of the healthcare provider has stimulated a lot of debate as a possible contributor to the variation in the interpersonal aspects of medical practice and overall qu...
Reply to Hua Liu, HaiCun Shi and PingLei Pan: Coordinate based meta-analyses in a medium sized literature: Considerations, limitations and road ahead
Authors: Masoud Tahmasian, Mojtaba Zarei, Khadijeh Noori, Habibolah Khazaie, Fateme Samea, Kai Spiegelhalder, Simon B. Eickhoff, Eus Van Someren, Claudia R. Eickhoff
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2018)
Biomarkers for predicting efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors
Authors: Ming Yi, Dechao Jiao, Hanxiao Xu, Qian Liu, Weiheng Zhao, Xinwei Han, Kongming Wu
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2018)

Programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) is a negative modulatory signaling pathway for activation of T cell. It is acknowledged that PD-1/PD-L1 axis plays a crucial role in the progression of tumor by altering status of immune surveillance. As one of the most promising immune therapy strategies, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor is a breakthrough for the therapy of some refractory tumors. However, response rate of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in overall patients is unsatisfactory, which limits the application in clinical practice. Therefore, biomarkers which could effectively predict the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are crucial for patient selection. Biomarkers reflecting tumor immune microenvironment and tumor cell intrinsic features, such as PD-L1 expression, density of tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL), tumor mutational burden, and mismatch-repair (MMR) deficiency, have been noticed to associate with treatment effect of anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 therapy. Furthermore, gut microbiota, circulating biomarkers, and patient previous history have been found as valuable predictors as well. Therefore establishing a comprehensive assessment framework involving multiple biomarkers would be meaningful to interrogate tumor immune landscape and select sensitive patients.
Abstract 20341: Determinants of Abnormal Cardiac Mechanics in Liver Transplant Candidates With Hepatic Steatosis
Authors: Crystal Medina, Lisa VanWagner, Vistasp Daruwalla, Leila Kia, Darren Boyd, Julie Friedman, Erin Unger, Sanjiv J Shah, Mary Rinella
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Patients with cirrhosis can develop myocardial abnormalities, ranging from subclinical LV dysfunction to overt cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, which may impact liver transplantation (LTx) out...
Life-threatening influenza pneumonitis in a child with inherited IRF9 deficiency
Authors: Nicholas Hernandez, Isabelle Melki, Huie Jing, Tanwir Habib, Susie S.Y. Huang, Jeffrey Danielson, Tomasz Kula, Scott Drutman, Serkan Belkaya, Vimel Rattina, Lazaro Lorenzo-Diaz, Anais Boulai, Yoann Rose, Naoki Kitabayashi, Mathieu P. Rodero, Cecile Dumaine, Stéphane Blanche, Marie-Noëlle Lebras, Man Chun Leung, Lisa Sara Mathew, Bertrand Boisson, Shen-Ying Zhang, Stephanie Boisson-Dupuis, Silvia Giliani, Damien Chaussabel, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Stephen J. Elledge, Michael J. Ciancanelli, Laurent Abel, Qian Zhang, Nico Marr, Yanick J. Crow, Helen C. Su, Jean-Laurent Casanova
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2018)

Life-threatening pulmonary influenza can be caused by inborn errors of type I and III IFN immunity. We report a 5-yr-old child with severe pulmonary influenza at 2 yr. She is homozygous for a loss-of-function IRF9 allele. Her cells activate gamma-activated factor (GAF) STAT1 homodimers but not IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) trimers (STAT1/STAT2/IRF9) in response to IFN-α2b. The transcriptome induced by IFN-α2b in the patient's cells is much narrower than that of control cells; however, induction of a subset of IFN-stimulated gene transcripts remains detectable. In vitro, the patient's cells do not control three respiratory viruses, influenza A virus (IAV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). These phenotypes are rescued by wild-type IRF9, whereas silencing IRF9 expression in control cells increases viral replication. However, the child has controlled various common viruses in vivo, including respiratory viruses other than IAV. Our findings show that human IRF9- and ISGF3-dependent type I and III IFN responsive pathways are essential for controlling IAV.
Abstract 15795: Prevalence and Characteristics of Left Ventricular Fibrosis in Patients With Mitral Valve Prolapse
Authors: Danai Kitkungvan, Faisal Nabi, Miguel Quinones, Jiaqiong Xu, Gerald Lawrie, Stephen H Little, William Zoghbi, Dipan J Shah
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Studies have suggested a link between mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and arrhythmia/sudden cardiac arrest. LV fibrosis is potentially an arrhythmia substrate. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) CMR is established for detection of LV fibrosis. We evaluated for LV fibrosis in MVP patients using LGE-CMR. Method: Consecutive patients with primary MR undergoing CMR were enrolled, and classified as MVP or non-MVP etiology. We excluded secondary MR and confounding etiologies of LV fibrosis (e.g. CAD, significant LVH). All underwent cine-CMR to assess cardiac morphology/function, phase contrast CMR to quantify MR, and LGE-CMR 10 minutes after gadolinium to identify LV fibrosis. Result: Among 356 patients with primary MR, MVP was present in 177 (49.7%). Overall, LV fibrosis occurred in 83 patients (23.3%) in which mid-wall striae was the most common LGE pattern (54.2%), mean LGE burden 2.2% ± 0.9% of LV. LGE was more prevalent in patients with MVP (37.9% vs. 8.9%, p &lt; 0.001), most common in the basal inferolateral wall (31.1%). Although prevalence of LGE increased with MR severity, it was more prevalent in MVP patients for any given severity of MR (figure 1). After adjusting for clinical and imaging variables including severity of MR, MVP was associated with finding of LGE (OR = 4.5, 95% CI of 2.3-8.7, p &lt; 0.001) and LGE in the basal-mid inferolateral and basal inferior wall (OR of 39.4, 95% CI of 9.0-172.6, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: In primary MR, LV fibrosis, a potential substrate for arrhythmias, was more prevalent in MVP patients irrespective of severity of MR or other clinical/imaging variables. These findings suggest a unique pathophysiology of MVP beyond valvular regurgitation alone.
Defective Inflammatory Pathways in Never-Treated Depressed Patients Are Associated with Poor Treatment Response
Authors: Shariful A. Syed, Eléonore Beurel, David A. Loewenstein, Jeffrey A. Lowell, W. Edward Craighead, Boadie W. Dunlop, Helen S. Mayberg, Firdaus Dhabhar, W. Dalton Dietrich, Robert W. Keane, Juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari, Charles B. Nemeroff
Journal: Neuron (2018)
Abstract 20752: Clinical Effectiveness of Digoxin in Hospitalized Older Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Propensity-Matched Study of Medicare-Linked OPTIMIZE-HF
Authors: Shaneke Weerakoon, Apostolos Tsimploulis, Cherinne Arundel, Marc Blackman, Charity Morgan, Javed Butler, Gregg C Fonarow, Prakash Deedwania, Michel White, Wilbert S Aronow, Gerasimos Filippatos, Michael Zile, Richard Allman, Ali Ahmed
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: In the Digitalis Investigation Group (DIG) Ancillary trial in ambulatory patients with chronic mild to moderate heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) digoxin had no effe...
Abstract 16846: Activation of Farnesoid X Receptor Signaling Mediates Atrial Myocyte Apoptosis in Patients Undergoing On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting and Ventricular Remodeling After Experimental Myocardial Infarction
Authors: James N Tsoporis, Shelah Izhar, Jean Francois Desjardins, Vaselios Salpeas, Ioannis C Rizos, Thomas G Parker
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: The nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) expressed in the liver functions as an endogenous sensor for bile acids. Evidence suggests FXR may act as a novel functional receptor in murine ...
To Walk in Another's Shoes
Authors: Lee Lu
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

On Being a Doctor21 August 2018To Walk in Another's ShoesLee Lu, MDLee Lu, MDBaylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (L.L.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0639 Audio Reading - “To Walk in Another's Shoes” Audio. Virginia L. Hood, MD, reads "To Walk in Another's Shoes," by L. Lu. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Finishing the progress note on my last patient, I realized it was already 11:45 a.m. My medical student had not come out of the exam room yet. I waited for another 5 minutes and then knocked on the door. The student opened it and signaled to me that she would be out in 5 minutes. She finally came out of the room, looking exhausted. She started to present the history of our patient, Ms. H.“This is a 50-year-old female with a history of substance abuse with intravenous 'speed,' endocarditis, and left hip septic joint status post removal of left ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas (L.L.)Corresponding Author: Lee Lu, MD, Ben Taub General Hospital, 1504 Taub Loop, Houston, TX 77030; e-mail, [email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “To Walk in Another's Shoes” Audio. Virginia L. Hood, MD, reads "To Walk in Another's Shoes," by L. Lu. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 August 2018Volume 169, Issue 4Page: 262KeywordsDrug abuseDrugsEndocarditisHeartHipKneesOpioidsSystematic reviewsUrineWheelchairs ePublished: 21 August 2018 Issue Published: 21 August 2018 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2018 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 13636: Derivation and Validation of a Clinical Prediction Rule for Sleep Disordered Breathing in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Takashi Miyazaki, Sunao Kojima, Kunihiko Matsui, Shuichi Kamijikkoku, Seiji Hokimoto, Takashi Honda, Hisao Ogawa
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: There is a growing demand for polysomnography (PSG) indispensable for the diagnosis of sleep apnea which is associated with the development of cardiovascular disease. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that a prediction rule without PSG could identify obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients in which the continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment was recommended. Methods: Consecutive 326 cardiovascular disease patients simultaneously underwent a full-night PSG and a digital-installed built-in memory pulse-oximeter. A logistic regression-based prediction rule was developed in patients at university hospital (n=278) and validated in patients at community hospital (n=48). Results: In the derivation group, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was correlated with 3% oxygen desaturation index (ODI) (r=0.94, P&lt;0.0001) and 223 patients were diagnosed as sleep disordered breathing (SDB) (AHI &gt;=5). Four independent parameters were identified to distinguish between OSA (n=161) and central sleep apnea patients (n=62): pulse pressure, left atrial diameter, minimum oxygen saturation and B-type natriuretic peptide levels. The observed probability of OSA, by calculated score, was comparable between derivation and validation groups (Figure 1). The model-based rule was well calibrated (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2=4.23) and demonstrated good discrimination in the derivation group. Discriminatory ability was also reasonable in the validation group and the difference between these groups was limited (Figure 2). Provided that cutoff levels of 3%ODI and 4 independent parameters were entirely satisfied, positive predictive value was 100% in both groups for the diagnosis of OSA necessary for CPAP treatment. Conclusions: A prediction rule for the type of sleep apnea without PSG can quantify the difference of pathophysiological mechanism in SDB patients. This index may be useful in detecting eligible candidates for CPAP in cardiovascular disease patients.
GWAS of lifetime cannabis use reveals new risk loci, genetic overlap with psychiatric traits, and a causal effect of schizophrenia liability
Authors: Joëlle A. Pasman, Karin J. H. Verweij, Zachary Gerring, Sven Stringer, Sandra Sanchez-Roige, Jorien L. Treur, Abdel Abdellaoui, Michel G. Nivard, Bart M. L. Baselmans, Jue-Sheng Ong, Hill F. Ip, Matthijs D. van der Zee, Meike Bartels, Felix R. Day, Pierre Fontanillas, Sarah L. Elson, Harriet de Wit, Lea K. Davis, James MacKillop, Jaime L. Derringer, Susan J. T. Branje, Catharina A. Hartman, Andrew C. Heath, Pol A. C. van Lier, Pamela A. F. Madden, Reedik Mägi, Wim Meeus, Grant W. Montgomery, A. J. Oldehinkel, Zdenka Pausova, Josep A. Ramos-Quiroga, Tomas Paus, Marta Ribases, Jaakko Kaprio, Marco P. M. Boks, Jordana T. Bell, Tim D. Spector, Joel Gelernter, Dorret I. Boomsma, Nicholas G. Martin, Stuart MacGregor, John R. B. Perry, Abraham A. Palmer, Danielle Posthuma, Marcus R. Munafò, Nathan A. Gillespie, Eske M. Derks, Jacqueline M. Vink
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2018)
Cortical neuronal densities and cerebral white matter demyelination in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective study
Authors: Bruce D Trapp, Megan Vignos, Jessica Dudman, Ansi Chang, Elizabeth Fisher, Susan M Staugaitis, Harsha Battapady, Sverre Mork, Daniel Ontaneda, Stephen E Jones, Robert J Fox, Jacqueline Chen, Kunio Nakamura, Richard A Rudick
Journal: The Lancet Neurology (2018)
Abstract 16318: Hspa4 Ameliorates Pathological Cardiomyocyte Remodeling Possibly via Activation of Autophagy Flux
Authors: Svante Gersch, Manar Elkenani, Gerd Hasenfuss, Susanna Lutz, Karl Toischer, Belal A Mohamed
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: The heat shock protein HSPA4 is a member of HSP70 family known to play a role in cell survival under stress conditions. We previously reported that HSPA4 protein is induced in pathologically-remodeled hearts of mice and humans. Furthermore, classical Hspa4 knockout mice exhibit exaggerated pathological remodeling, concomitant with aggregation of polyubiquitinated proteins, but maintained proteasome activity. Objective: We sought to investigate the potential cardioprotective role of HSPA4 and to provide insights into the underlying mechanisms. Methods and Results: Hearts from Hspa4 knockout mice displayed increased expression of LC3-II, Beclin-1 and p62 proteins, suggesting a robust accumulation of autophagosomes and impaired autophagy flux. Consistently, RNAi-mediated HSPA4 knockdown augmented pathological remodeling in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) treated with enthothelin-1 or phenylephrine, as demonstrated by increased cardiomyocyte size, pronounced sarcomere rearrangement, and enhanc...
Leveraging Health Information Technologies to Support Surgical Practice
Authors: Gretchen P. Jackson, Susan D. Moffatt-Bruce, Genevieve B. Melton
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2018)

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