tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 12855: Circulating miRNA-30a, -30e, -188 as Early Biomarkers for CI-AKI diagnosis
Authors: Shiqun Sun, Tuo Zhang, Zhaohua Cai, Zhe Sun, Liuhua Hu, Peng Nie, Shengying Qin, Linghong Shen, Ben He
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is typically defined as an increase in serum creatinine (SCr) within 3 days after intravascular administration of contrast medium. However, creatinine is an unreliable indicator for acute changes in kidney function. A reliable and early biomarker for CI-AKI diagnosis is needed. Hypothesis: Circulating miRNAs can serve as early diagnostic biomarkers for CI-AKI. Methods and Results: We utilized a previously described rat model of CI-AKI. The microRNA profiles of plasma and kidney tissue were determined using Agilent microarray platforms. Three individual miRNA species with &gt;1.5-fold increases in plasma expression in CI-AKI rats as compared to wild-type rats were identified: miRNA-30a, miRNA-30e, and miRNA-188. These miRNAs were selected as potential candidate miRNA biomarkers for CI-AKI (Figure 1). TaqMan quantitative RT-PCR demonstrated that the plasma expression of these miRNAs peaked around 4h after contrast medium exposure. We screened for these candidate biomarkers in the peripheral circulation of 580 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention in Cardiovascular Center at Renji Hospital from July 2013 to June 2014. When compared with matched control patients without CI-AKI, the plasma levels of the three candidate miRNAs were significantly elevated post procedure in 71 patients diagnosed with CI-AKI (fold changes: miR-30a, 3.26±0.05 vs. 0.68±0.01, p&lt;0.01; miR-30e, 3.03±0.04 vs. 0.74±0.01, p&lt;0.01; miR-188, 2.36±0.03 vs. 0.77±0.01, p&lt;0.01). Maximal sensitivity and specificity were found to be 71.83% and 88.73% respectively in this study, suggesting a limit of assay efficacy. Conclusions: Plasma expression levels of miRNA-30a, miRNA-30e, and miRNA-188 significantly differentiate patients with CI-AKI from those without CI-AKI. These miRNAs are potential biomarkers for the early detection of CI-AKI.
Relationship of axillary total tumoral load (TTL) in early breast cancer and local and distant clinical outcomes.
Authors: José E. Alés-Martínez, Raquel Tur, Juan Parra, María del Rocío Martín, Elena Filipovich, Beatriz Segovia, Jaime Ceballos, Rafael Revestido, Javier De Castro, Carlos De Grado
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

e12574 Background: The study of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) assessed by One Step Nucleic Acid Amplification (OSNA, Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) creates a new variable, Total Tumor Load (TTL). This variable is defined as the total number of CK19 mRNA copies in all positive SLN (copies/microL). The latest edition of the Spanish Oncological Gynecology Society (SEGO) Guideline (2017) proposes a complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) when TTL is 15,000 copies or more in early breast cancer. In our center we are using OSNA to ascertain if there is axillary node involvement but the decision to proceed to ALND is based on Z0011 criteria. We want to determine if there is a correlation between clinical outcomes and TTL values, between TTL and pathological variables and if TTL is a useful tool to decide when to complete an ALND. Methods: Clinicopathological and follow up data were obtained from all patients with invasive breast cancer and SLN assessed by OSNA between 2011 and mid-year 2014 at our center. Results: A total of 167 patients underwent SNB assessed by OSNA with an average follow-up of 64,9 months. 166 were female and 1 male. Age range 27-87 years (mean 59.23). Tumor size range 27- 85 mm (mean 17). 86,8 % were ductal, 9,5 % lobular and 3,5 % other. 54.49% were luminal A, 25.14% luminal B, 11.9%, triple negative, 4.9%, Her2 positive and 4.19%. luminal B-Her2 positive.TTL was equal to 0 in 92 cases and greater than zero in 75 cases.40 cases showed a TTL higher than 15,000 copies. Only 12 cases met Z0011 criteria and had ALND.As of now, 3 patients have had locoregional relapse and 5 metastatic disease. 7 have died, only two from metastatic breast cancer. Conclusions: Using Z0011 criteria, we have adequate clinical outcomes with a low rate of ALND If we had based the axillary management on TTL values we would have multiplied the number of ALND by a factor of 2,4 (from 12 to 29). We have observed a tendency to higher TTL in luminal phenotypes and to lower TTL in HER2 positive and triple negative subtypes. Work is in progress to increase our sample size
Radioactive Isotopes in Clinical Medicine
Authors: Solomon Silver
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1965)

Cancer of the Thyroid GlandSome twenty years ago the problem of the treatment of thyroid cancer seemed solved. Some cancers were functioning or could be made to function with TSH. All that was necessary was to deliver cancerocidal doses of I131 to the tumor, and the conquest was complete. These high hopes have not been realized. Only a small fraction of the primary tumors or their metastases function, usually in proportion to their degree of differentiation. Secondly, I131 uptake, even when it occurs, is low compared to that in normal thyroid tissue, and the effective half-life in the malignant . . .
Clinical effects of one year of chemotherapy with a modified medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet on the recurrence of stage IV colon cancer.
Authors: Kenji Furukawa, Kyosuke Shigematus, Yoshie Iwase, Wakako Mikami, Hiroko Hoshi, Takako Nishiyama, Ai Ohtuka, Hiroko Abe
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

e15709 Background: Because many cancer cells display increased levels of glucose transporters that conduct glucose uptake and cancer cells use up to ten times more glucose than normal cells, glucide restrictions may be an effective nutritional therapy for patients with cancer. We introduced and examined effectiveness of modified medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) ketogenic diets with added MCT oil to suppress abdominal symptoms, as a severe carbohydrate intake restriction diet for patients with colon cancer. Methods: We administered chemotherapy in combination with the modified MCT ketogenic diet at a ratio of 1.4:1 for one year in 10 patients with stage IV recurrent colon cancer who experienced exacerbations under standard therapy (chemotherapy, best supportive care). Weight, albumin levels, presence of total blood ketone bodies, Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) classifications, and Quality of Life (QOL) evaluations were compared between patients in ketogenic diet group and 14 patients in the chemotherapy-alone group. Results: Although the patients'weight and serum albumin levels did not significantly differ in both groups, the serum total ketone bodies were significantly increased in the ketogenic diet group. The chemotherapy-alone group displayed a response rate of 21% and disease control rate of 64% across three Partial Response (PR), six Stable Disease (SD), and five Progressive Disease (PD) cases, but not in the Complete Response (CR) cases. The ketogenic diet group exhibited a response rate of 60% and disease control rate of 70% across five CR, one PR, one SD, and three PD cases. The combination of chemotherapy with the one year ketogenic diet increased the CR rates by 50%. Conclusions: Chemotherapy for one year in combination with a ketogenic diet presents higher response and disease control rates than chemotherapy alone. Therefore, the ketogenic diet may be a supportive therapy for patients with stage IV colon cancer. Clinical trial information: 000029527.
Prospective Analysis of Adoptive TIL Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma: Response, Impact of Anti-CTLA4, and Biomarkers to Predict Clinical Outcome
Authors: Marie-Andrée Forget, Cara Haymaker, Kenneth R. Hess, Yuzhong Jeff Meng, Caitlin Creasy, Tatiana Karpinets, Orenthial J. Fulbright, Jason Roszik, Scott E. Woodman, Young Uk Kim, Donastas Sakellariou-Thompson, Ankit Bhatta, Arely Wahl, Esteban Flores, Shawne T. Thorsen, René J. Tavera, Renjith Ramachandran, Audrey M. Gonzalez, Christopher L. Toth, Seth Wardell, Rahmatu Mansaray, Vruti Patel, Destiny Joy Carpio, Carol Vaughn, Chantell M. Farinas, Portia G. Velasquez, Wen-Jen Hwu, Sapna P. Patel, Michael A. Davies, Adi Diab, Isabella C. Glitza, Hussein Tawbi, Michael K. Wong, Suzanne Cain, Merrick I. Ross, Jeffrey E. Lee, Jeffrey E. Gershenwald, Anthony Lucci, Richard Royal, Janice N. Cormier, Jennifer A. Wargo, Laszlo G. Radvanyi, Carlos A. Torres-Cabala, Rameen Beroukhim, Patrick Hwu, Rodabe N. Amaria, Chantale Bernatchez
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Purpose: Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) has consistently demonstrated clinical efficacy in metastatic melanoma. Recent widespread use of checkpoint blockade has shifted the treatment landscape, raising questions regarding impact of these therapies on response to TIL and appropriate immunotherapy sequence. Patients and Methods: Seventy-four metastatic melanoma patients were treated with autologous TIL and evaluated for clinical response according to irRC, overall survival, and progression-free survival. Immunologic factors associated with response were also evaluated. Results: Best overall response for the entire cohort was 42%; 47% in 43 checkpoint-naïve patients, 38% when patients were exposed to anti-CTLA4 alone (21 patients) and 33% if also exposed to anti-PD1 (9 patients) prior to TIL ACT. Median overall survival was 17.3 months; 24.6 months in CTLA4-naïve patients and 8.6 months in patients with prior CTLA4 blockade. The latter patients were infused with fewer TIL and experienced a shorter duration of response. Infusion of higher numbers of TIL with CD8 predominance and expression of BTLA correlated with improved response in anti-CTLA4 naïve patients, but not in anti-CTLA4 refractory patients. Baseline serum levels of IL9 predicted response to TIL ACT, while TIL persistence, tumor recognition, and mutation burden did not correlate with outcome. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the deleterious effects of prior exposure to anti-CTLA4 on TIL ACT response and shows that baseline IL9 levels can potentially serve as a predictive tool to select the appropriate sequence of immunotherapies. Clin Cancer Res; 24(18); 4416–28. ©2018 AACR.
Feasibility of a sexual health program for women receiving pelvic radiation therapy for gynecologic and lower GI cancers.
Authors: Lorraine C. Drapek
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

135 Background: Long term effects of pelvic radiation for women include vaginal stenosis, leading to distress regarding sexual function. The NCCN guidelines recommend asking patients about sexual function at frequent intervals. NCCN recommends the use of vaginal dilators for women who have had pelvic radiation. Vaginal dilators have been widely recommended to minimize these long term effects. However, current evidence demonstrates poor adherence (less than 50%) of vaginal dilator use. Methods: A sexual health clinic was implemented at the radiation oncology department of a large academic medical center. This initiative consisted of three visits with a nurse practitioner over a twelve week period. The first visit was completed prior to the start of radiation, consisted of sexual history, completion of the PROMIS sexual health survey, and education regarding vaginal stenosis. The importance of the use of vaginal dilators following the completion of radiation was emphasized.. The second visit occurred at the completion of radiation and consisted of the PROMIS sexual health survey, and reinforcement of the use of vaginal dilators. Patients were instructed to begin use of vaginal dilators two weeks later. Each patient was given a set of four vaginal dilators, and a vaginal dilator diary. The third visit was completed six to eight weeks post treatment and consisted of completion of the PROMIS sexual health survey, review of the vaginal dilator diary, discussion of patient progress, and reinforcement of education. Results: From August 2016 to September 2017, 38 patients were approached and all completed the first visit (100%). Twenty-three patients completed the second visit (61%). Thirteen patients have completed all three visits (35%). At the end of three visits 11 (85%) of 13 patients were using vaginal dilators, and three had become sexually active. Conclusions: This program demonstrates a high enrollment and completion rate, as well as an important survivorship issue for women undergoing pelvic radiation. The reinforcement of long term effects of radiation enabled patients to understand the importance of using vaginal dilators in to maintain vaginal health and maintain sexual function.
Breastfeeding and Future Maternal Health—No Causal Evidence—Reply
Authors: Erica P. Gunderson, Cora E. Lewis
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Dynamic Changes in White Matter Hyperintensities in Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome
Authors: Shih-Pin Chen, Kun-Hsien Chou, Jong-Ling Fuh, Yi-Hua Huang, Chu-Chung Huang, Jiing-Feng Lirng, Yen-Feng Wang, Ching-Po Lin, Shuu-Jiun Wang
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> White matter hyperintense lesions (WMHs) are highly prevalent in patients with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS); however, their characteristics and underlying pathophysiology are unclear. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the spatiotemporal distribution and pathomechanisms of WMHs in patients with RCVS. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> We prospectively recruited patients with RCVS over a 3-year period from January 2010 through December 2012 from the headache center or emergency department of Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, a 2947-bed national medical center. In total, 85 patients with RCVS were approached, of whom 4 declined to participate, 5 declined follow-up scans, 6 were lost to follow-up, and 5 had suboptimal images. Patients received serial isotropic 3-dimension fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence imaging (1-mm slice thickness) with a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging machine as well as transcranial and extracranial color-coded sonography on registration and during follow-ups (at 1 and 2 months, with variations adapting to clinical condition). Data were analyzed from January 2015 to May 2017. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The fluid-attenuated inversion recovery lesion segmentation toolbox was used to segment WMHs automatically. The WMHs were classified as periventricular or deep and were segmented into 13 anatomical locations. The neuroimaging scientists who executed the program were blinded to clinical information. Vascular parameters, including the Lindegaard index (vasoconstriction severity), pulsatility index, and resistance index of the internal carotid artery, were independently collected for comparison. <h3>Results</h3> Sixty-five patients with RCVS completed the study and underwent a total of 162 magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Of the 65 included patients, 58 (89%) were women, and the mean (SD) age was 50.1 (8.9) years. The total mean (SD) WMH load peaked at 3.2 (4.4) cm<sup>3</sup>in the third week postonset and fell to 0.8 (0.6) cm<sup>3</sup>in the fourth week. White matter hyperintensities were predominantly frontal and periventricular. White matter hyperintensity load correlated strongly with Lindegaard index during the second week of the disease course (<i>r</i> = 0.908;<i>P</i> &lt; .001) and also correlated with the pulsatility index and resistance index of the internal carotid artery. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> White matter hyperintensities in patients with RCVS have a dynamic temporal evolution that parallels disease severity. The finding of partially reversible WMHs deserves attention and should be known by clinicians taking care of patients with RCVS. White matter hyperintensities in RCVS may be attributed, at least partially, to regional hypoperfusion and impaired dampening capacity to central pulsatile flow.
The biology and role of CD44 in cancer progression: therapeutic implications
Authors: Chen Chen, Shujie Zhao, Anand Karnad, James W. Freeman
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2018)

CD44, a non-kinase transmembrane glycoprotein, is overexpressed in several cell types including cancer stem cells and frequently shows alternative spliced variants that are thought to play a role in cancer development and progression. Hyaluronan, the main ligand for CD44, binds to and activates CD44 resulting in activation of cell signaling pathways that induces cell proliferation, increases cell survival, modulates cytoskeletal changes, and enhances cellular motility. The different functional roles of CD44 standard (CD44s) and specific CD44 variant (CD44v) isoforms are not fully understood. CD44v contain additional peptide motifs that can interact with and sequester growth factors and cytokines at the cell surface thereby functioning as coreceptors to facilitate cell signaling. Moreover, CD44v were expressed in metastasized tumors, whereas switching between CD44v and CD44s may play a role in regulating epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and in the adaptive plasticity of cancer cells. Here, we review current data on the structural and functional properties of CD44, the known roles for CD44 in tumorigencity, the regulation of CD44 expression, and the potential for targeting CD44 for cancer therapy.
Antifungal immune responses: emerging host–pathogen interactions and translational implications
Authors: Vinod Kumar, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Mihai G. Netea
Journal: Genome Medicine (2018)

Understanding the complex and highly dynamic interactions between fungi and host cells in a tissue-specific manner is crucial to facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches to infections. Here, we discuss recent studies that are revealing the mechanisms underlying this context-dependent interplay.
Fiber Intake and Colorectal Cancer—Reply
Authors: Mingyang Song, Andrew T. Chan
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Abstract 18156: Normal Heart Dimensions Are Different in African Americans versus Caucasians
Authors: Sho Torii, Kazuyuki Yahagi, Hiroyoshi Mori, Robert Kutys, Maria Romero, Frank Kolodgie, Renu Virmani, Aloke Finn
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction:  Normal heart weight (HW) and dimensions are routinely used to determine the presence or absence of cardiac hypertrophy and dilatation during autopsy. However, the definition of “normal” heart has not been determined by race.   Methods:  We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 6989 cases collected in our registry and evaluated HW, and myocardial dimensions including left ventricular (LV) cavity diameter (CD), ventricular septum (VS) and LV and right ventricular (RV) free wall thickness. We excluded hearts which had evidence of disease such as coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, post stent implantation, bypass grafts, heart failure, valve disease, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, and congenital heart disease. Normal heart was defined as an individual dying of unnatural causes and there had to be an absence of heart disease following a complete autopsy. We only included case without histologic presence of myocardium hypertrophy and fibrosis.   Results:  Our analysis included 497 African Americans (AA) (60% men [M]) and 613 Caucasians (C) (58% M). Age of AA men (AAM) and C men (CM) was not significantly different (median 40 (IQ 28, 47) vs. 40 (IQ 31, 49) years, p=0.2), while C women (CW) were significantly older than AA women (AAW) (median 43 (IQ 35, 52) years vs. 39 (IQ 31, 48) years, p=0.003), and CM were significantly heavier than AAM (median 85.3 vs. 82.1kg, p=0.05, height similar). There was a good correlation between HW and body weight (BW) (r 2 =0.25, p 35 years.   Conclusions:  Although heart weight was not different, septal thickness of African Americans was significantly thicker than Caucasians. Our results suggest that the definitions of normal hearts may need to be revised according to race and that further study of differences between AA and C is needed.