tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Symptom Onset in Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Anvesha Singh, Daniel C.S. Chan, John P. Greenwood, Dana K. Dawson, Piotr Sonecki, Kai Hogrefe, Damian J. Kelly, Vijay Dhakshinamurthy, Chim C. Lang, Jeffery P. Khoo, David Sprigings, Richard P. Steeds, Ruiqi Zhang, Ian Ford, Michael Jerosch-Herold, Jing Yang, Zhuyin Li, Leong L. Ng, Gerry P. McCann
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2017)
Attitudes of lung cancer patients as predictors of patients delay time in Serbian public health care system.
Authors: Dragana Jovanovic, Milan Rancic, Branislav Perin, Davorin Radosavljevic, Marta Velinovic, Marina Cekic, Vladimir Stojsic, Natasa Milic, Nevena Vukobradovic Djoric
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e12522 Background: Oncology community is now aware of increasing importance of information obtained from patients with lung cancer. Now-days it is worthwhile to have additional data important for early diagnosis and timely treatment initiation. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2013. Structured questionnaire survey was used for data collection in 11 lung cancer centers in Serbia. A simple random sample was used for subject selection. Patiient delay time (PDT) was determined using 11 individual scales pertaining to patient delay. Regression models were constructed using multiple variables concerning diverse contextual and personal patient characteristics. Results: A total of 947 subjects data were collected during 3 months period and analyzed. Thirty eight percent of cases presented with a delay time of >1 month. Over half of patients (51.48%) believed the symptoms would resolve spontaneously without visiting a doctor, 28% realized they had a severe disease, probably malignant. Nearly two thirds (59.55%) were persuaded by a family member or a close friend to visit a doctor and in 30.28% of patients it was strictly their own decision. Multilevel regression equation indicated that factors significantly correlated with longer PDT were distrust in the medical system, disregard of carcinoma signs and insufficient support from friends and family (p<0.05). Smoking habits strongly influenced PDT (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results show that majority of variables, mainly related to psychological and behavioral patient features, have a significant impact on patient delay times. Therefore, there is a need for raising awareness of lung cancer in general population, intensification of national anti-tobacco campaign and reinforcement of family doctor counseling role.
Evaluation of the effect of the herpes zoster vaccination programme 3 years after its introduction in England: a population-based study
Authors: Gayatri Amirthalingam, Nick Andrews, Philip Keel, David Mullett, Ana Correa, Simon de Lusignan, Mary Ramsay
Journal: The Lancet Public Health (2017)

In 2013, a herpes zoster vaccination programme was introduced in England for adults aged 70 years with a phased catch-up programme for those aged 71-79 years. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the first 3 years of the vaccination programme on incidence of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia in this population.In this population-based study, we extracted data from the Royal College of General Practitioners sentinel primary care network on consultations with patients aged 60-89 years for herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia occurring between Oct 1, 2005, and Sept 30, 2016, obtaining data from 164 practices. We identified individual data on herpes zoster vaccinations administered and consultations for herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia, and aggregated these data to estimate vaccine coverage and incidence of herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia consultations. We defined age cohorts to identify participants targeted in each year of the programme, and as part of the routine or catch-up programme. We modelled incidence according to age, region, gender, time period, and vaccine eligibility using multivariable Poisson regression with an offset for person-years.Our analysis included 3·36 million person-years of data, corresponding to an average of 310 001 patients aged 60-89 years who were registered at an RCGP practice each year. By Aug 31, 2016, uptake of the vaccine varied between 58% for the recently targeted cohorts and 72% for the first routine cohort. Across the first 3 years of vaccination for the three routine cohorts, incidence of herpes zoster fell by 35% (incidence rate ratio 0·65 [95% 0·60-0·72]) and of postherpetic neuralgia fell by 50% (0·50 [0·38-0·67]). The equivalent reduction for the four catch-up cohorts was 33% for herpes zoster (incidence rate ratio 0·67 [0·61-0·74]) and 38% for postherpetic neuralgia (0·62 [0·50-0·79]). These reductions are consistent with a vaccine effectiveness of about 62% against herpes zoster and 70-88% against postherpetic neuralgia.The herpes zoster vaccination programme in England has had a population impact equivalent to about 17 000 fewer episodes of herpes zoster and 3300 fewer episodes of postherpetic neuralgia among 5·5 million eligible individuals in the first 3 years of the programme. Communication of the public health impact of this programme will be important to reverse the recent trend of declining vaccine coverage.Public Health England.
Tivantinib in Combination with Erlotinib versus Erlotinib Alone for EGFR-Mutant NSCLC: An Exploratory Analysis of the Phase 3 MARQUEE Study
Authors: Giorgio V. Scagliotti, Dale Shuster, Sergey Orlov, Joachim von Pawel, Frances A. Shepherd, Jeffrey S. Ross, Qiang Wang, Brian Schwartz, Wallace Akerley
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Correspondence regarding the article “The asbestos fibre burden in human lungs: new insights into the chrysotile debate”
Authors: L. Christine Oliver, Fiorella Belpoggi, Lygia T. Budnik, David Egilman, Arthur L. Frank, Daniele Mandrioli, Colin L. Soskolne, Benedetto Terracini, Laura Welch, Xaver Baur
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2017)

The article by Feder et al . [1] states that the lung asbestos fibre burden in 23 955 patients was analysed to address fibre type and biopersistence; data from 12 patients undergoing two tissue excisions at intervals at least 4 years were considered. All asbestos types cause asbestosis (cancer): chrysotile is not biopersistent, so fibre analysis is not diagnostic <http://ow.ly/BOLC30grqYg>
Erratum: Advances in the management of oesophageal motility disorders in the era of high-resolution manometry: a focus on achalasia syndromes
Authors: Peter J. Kahrilas, Albert J. Bredenoord, Mark Fox, C. Prakash Gyawali, Sabine Roman, André J.P.M. Smout, John E. Pandolfino
Journal: Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology (2018)
Abstract P311: The Triglyceride Response to a Sugar Load Parallels the Glycemic Response
Authors: Jacob Hartz, Pablo Cure, Cara Carty, Carlos Cure-Cure, Michelle Mietus-Snyder
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Hyperlipidemia, traditionally defined with fasting lipid values, is a common cardiovascular risk factor, particularly in patients with insulin resistance, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Nonfasting triglyceride levels (TG), however, have shown a stronger association with heart disease and stroke than fasting levels, independent of traditional CV risk factors. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between TG and glucose levels after administration of a sucrose load (equal parts glucose and fructose) in individuals without a previous diagnosis of DM. Hypothesis: Sugar as a sole energy source will elicit both a lipemic and a glycemic response. Methods: We use a unique dataset from a single health clinic in Barranquilla, Colombia in which 1,446 adults aged 18 to 80 years (mean age, 49 years, 3 months, 77 percent female) were enrolled from 2002 - 2005. Serum TG and glucose levels were measured after an overnight fast and at two hours after administration of 75 gm of mixed carbohydrate in the form of Panela, a mixed carbohydrate made from an unrefined whole cane sugar used in beverages and in cooking in this area of Colombia. A solid form of sucrose, it contains equal parts of glucose and fructose. Regression analysis was performed to evaluate factors associated with the glycemic and lipemic responses. Results: We found that the absolute 2-hour glucose (range: 32-526 mg/dL) is significantly associated (p&lt;0.001) with 2-hour TG levels (range: 34-791 mg/dL), after controlling for sex, age, and waist-to-hip ratio. In the same multivariate model, the change relative to baseline in the glucose level is also significantly associated with change in TG. In a separate analysis, in younger patients (&lt; 49.25 years) the effect of age on triglyceride level is statistically significant (&lt;0.01), while in older patients, the effect of age on triglyceride level is less significant (&lt;0.1). Conclusion: These data suggest that a diet rich in refined carbohydrate may pose a significant risk for hyperlipidemia, particularly in younger patients. The independent role of fructose as a trigger for de novo lipogenesis may be relevant in the observed response
<i>Notes from the Field</i>: Use of Asynchronous Video Directly Observed Therapy for Treatment of Tuberculosis and Latent Tuberculosis Infection in a Long-Term–Care Facility ― Puerto Rico, 2016–2017
Authors: Henry Olano-Soler, Dana Thomas, Olga Joglar, Katrina Rios, Milton Torres-Rodríguez, Greduvel Duran-Guzman, Terence Chorba
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)
Big asthma data: getting bigger and more beautiful?
Authors: Sarah Diver, Chris E Brightling
Journal: Thorax (2017)

‘Big data’ is on trend and the term is used in equal measure to reflect both one of the greatest challenges and likeliest solutions to future scientific advances from fundamental understanding in astrophysics, climate change, economics, health and disease.1 Like many trends, it means different things to different people. In medicine, it is used to describe the data derived from large populations in epidemiology studies, high fidelity multiscale ‘omic datasets across spatial scales within individuals or sometimes a combination of the two. Big data will often capture information at a single time point. Typically, it does not address temporal scales of chronic disease including day-to-day variability, response to perturbations such as intercurrent infection, decompensation of the disease or response to therapeutic interventions and is rarely obtained over a life course. Observations will therefore always be limited by what is measured, when and in whom and will only ever provide estimates of what is ‘real’ within the larger group from which the sample is taken. Big data that includes large populations makes interpretations more robust and generalisable. Indeed, as the population studied or sample size approaches a majority, or at least a sizeable minority, of the whole population then the observations begin to no longer be estimates, but simply a description of the population.

In this issue of Thorax, Bloom and colleagues sought to investigate the frequency of asthma exacerbations in a general population and their association with age and asthma severity.2 Asthma exacerbations are when individuals experience symptoms beyond usual day-to-day fluctuation leading to a change in treatment defined here as a requirement for a course of oral …
Epidemiologia della rosolia e della sindrome da rosolia congenita in Grecia, 1994-2003
Authors: T Panagiotopoulos, T Georgakopoulou
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2004)

Nel 1983 si e verificata in Grecia una grande epidemia di rosolia e di sindrome da rosolia congenita (SRC). L'epidemiologia della rosolia e della SRC, dal 1993, descritta in questo articolo, si basa su dati di sorveglianza e su studi e rapporti pubblicati. Dopo il 1993, l'incidenza della rosolia e fortemente diminuita, ma c'e stata un'epidemia piu piccola nel 1999, che ha riguardato essenzialmente le giovani adulte e sono stati notificati quattro casi di SRC (4/100 000 nascite di bambini vivi). Attualmente in Grecia viene vaccinata contro la rosolia una proporzione molto alta di bambini, ma la copertura vaccinale degli adolescenti e insufficiente (60-80% a seconda degli studi). Una proporzione non trascurabile di donne in eta fertile sono suscettibili alla rosolia (10-20% nelle zone urbane). Da cio consegue che c'e il rischio di epidemie locali o piu estese. Questa situazione mostra l'importanza dell'attuazione di una politica globale di prevenzione.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitive and behavioral interventions to improve sleep health in adults without sleep disorders
Authors: Beatrice Murawski, Levi Wade, Ronald C. Plotnikoff, David R. Lubans, Mitch J. Duncan
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2017)

Many adults without a diagnosed sleep disorder report poor sleep health, which is defined by dissatisfactory levels of sleep duration, sleep quality, or the timing of sleep. No previous review has summarized and described interventions targeting poor sleep health in this population. This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the efficacy of behavioral and cognitive sleep interventions in adults with poor sleep health, who do not have a sleep disorder. Electronic databases (Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Cinahl) were searched with restrictions for age (18–64 y) and English language full-text, resulting in 18,009 records being screened and 592 full-texts being assessed. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria, seven of which reported a measure of overall sleep health (Pittsburgh sleep quality index [PSQI]). Following appraisal for risk of bias, extracted data were meta-analyzed using random-effects models. Meta-analyses showed interventions had a medium effect on sleep quality (Hedge's g = −0.54, [95% confidence interval (CI)] −0.90 to −0.19, p < 0.01). Baseline sleep health was the only significant effect moderator (p = 0.01). The most frequently used intervention components were stress management and relaxation practice, stimulus control, sleep hygiene, and exercise. Interventions targeting cognitive and behavioral self-regulation improve sleep quality in adults without clinical sleep disorder.
Ascertainment Bias and Estimating Penetrance
Authors: Steven Sorscher
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Spiritual Care in Medicine—Reply
Authors: Tyler J. VanderWeele, Tracy A. Balboni, Howard K. Koh
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein 1 attenuates house dust mite–induced eosinophilic airway inflammation by suppressing dendritic cell–mediated adaptive immune responses
Authors: Amarjit Mishra, Xianglan Yao, Ankit Saxena, Elizabeth M. Gordon, Maryann Kaler, Rosemarie A. Cuento, Amisha V. Barochia, Pradeep K. Dagur, J. Philip McCoy, Karen J. Keeran, Kenneth R. Jeffries, Xuan Qu, Zu-Xi Yu, Stewart J. Levine
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2017)
Brain-Mimetic 3D Culture Platforms Allow Investigation of Cooperative Effects of Extracellular Matrix Features on Therapeutic Resistance in Glioblastoma
Authors: Weikun Xiao, Rongyu Zhang, Alireza Sohrabi, Arshia Ehsanipour, Songping Sun, Jesse Liang, Christopher M. Walthers, Lisa Ta, David A. Nathanson, Stephanie K. Seidlits
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) tumors exhibit potentially actionable genetic alterations against which targeted therapies have been effective in treatment of other cancers. However, these therapies have largely failed in GBM patients. A notable example is kinase inhibitors of EGFR, which display poor clinical efficacy despite overexpression and/or mutation of EGFR in &amp;gt;50% of GBM. In addressing this issue, preclinical models may be limited by the inability to accurately replicate pathophysiologic interactions of GBM cells with unique aspects of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM), which is relatively enriched in hyaluronic acid (HA) and flexible. In this study, we present a brain-mimetic biomaterial ECM platform for 3D culturing of patient-derived GBM cells, with improved pathophysiologic properties as an experimental model. Compared with orthotopic xenograft assays, the novel biomaterial cultures we developed better preserved the physiology and kinetics of acquired resistance to the EGFR inhibition than gliomasphere cultures. Orthogonal modulation of both HA content and mechanical properties of biomaterial scaffolds was required to achieve this result. Overall, our findings show how specific interactions between GBM cell receptors and scaffold components contribute significantly to resistance to the cytotoxic effects of EGFR inhibition. Significance: Three-dimensional culture scaffolds of glioblastoma provide a better physiological representation over current methods of patient-derived cell culture and xenograft models. Cancer Res; 78(5); 1358–70. ©2017 AACR.
Effect of Cervical Pessary on Spontaneous Preterm Birth in Women With Singleton Pregnancies and Short Cervical Length
Authors: Gabriele Saccone, Giuseppe Maria Maruotti, Antonia Giudicepietro, Pasquale Martinelli
Journal: JAMA (2017)

<h3>Importance</h3> Spontaneous preterm birth is a major cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. It is unclear if a cervical pessary can reduce the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery. <h3>Objective</h3> To test whether in asymptomatic women with singleton pregnancies and no prior spontaneous preterm birth but with short cervical length on transvaginal ultrasound, use of a cervical pessary would reduce the rate of spontaneous preterm birth at less than 34 weeks of gestation. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Parallel-group, nonblinded, randomized clinical trial conducted from March 1, 2016, to May 25, 2017, at a single center in Italy. Asymptomatic women with singleton gestations, no previous spontaneous preterm births, and cervical lengths of 25 mm or less at 18 weeks 0 days to 23 weeks 6 days of gestation were eligible. <h3>Interventions</h3> Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either cervical pessary (n = 150) or no pessary (n = 150). The pessary was removed between 37 weeks 0 days and 37 weeks 6 days of gestation or earlier if clinically indicated. The control group received standard care. For cervical length of 20 mm or shorter, women in both groups were prescribed vaginal progesterone, 200 mg/d, until 36 weeks 6 days of gestation. No bed rest or activity restriction was recommended. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary end point was spontaneous preterm birth at less than 34 weeks of gestation. Secondary outcomes were adverse events. <h3>Results</h3> Among 300 women who were randomized (mean age, 29 [SD, 6.3] years; mean gestational age, 22 [SD, 1.3] weeks), 100% completed the trial. The primary end point occurred in 11 women (7.3%) in the pessary group and 23 women (15.3%) in the control group (between-group difference, −8.0% [95% CI, −15.7% to −0.4]; relative risk, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.24-0.95]). During follow-up, the pessary group had a higher rate of increased or new vaginal discharge (86.7% vs 46.0%; between-group difference, +40.7% [95% CI, +30.1%-+50.3%]; relative risk, 1.88 [95% CI, 1.57-2.27]). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Among women without prior spontaneous preterm birth who had asymptomatic singleton pregnancies and short transvaginal cervical length, use of a cervical pessary, compared with no pessary use, resulted in a lower rate of spontaneous preterm birth at less than 34 weeks of gestation. The results of this single-center, nonblinded study among selected pregnant women require confirmation in multicenter clinical trials. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02716909
18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI in Necrotizing Autoimmune Myopathy
Authors: Coralie Pelissou, Nathalie Lerolle, Céline Labeyrie, Emmanuel Durand, Florent L. Besson
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2017)

Necrotizing autoimmune myopathy (NAM) is a relatively newly recognized subgroup of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. The common histopathologic features are myocyte necrosis without significant inflammation. Necrotizing autoimmune myopathy can be associated with connective tissue disorders but can also be triggered by viral infections such as human immunodeficiency virus or malignancy, be statin-induced NAM, or be idiopathic. Here, the authors present the case of a 58-year-old man who was referred to our PET unit for a suspected paraneoplastic syndrome in a context of NAM. Complementary contrast-enhanced CT and 3-dimensional T1-weighted MRI were carried out subsequently in order to resolve the PET/CT abnormalities.