tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P16.17 Usefulness of neuronavigator-guided fence-post method for malignant glioma resection
Authors: S. Murase, K. Yamashita
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

For the resection of malignant glioma, it is necessary to remove the tumor as much as possible and to avoid the expression of new neurological deficit. For this purpose, we adopted neuronavigator-guided fence-post method for malignant glioma resection in 2015. In this presentation, we will introduce this method and evaluate the usefulness of this method. Method:On one or two day before the surgery, fence-post plan is laid according to the MR images on neuronavigator system(StealthStation S7, Medtronic). Usually four fence-post are planned to involve all part of enhanced lesion of the tumor. If the tumor is located close to the pyramidal tracts, MR tractography image is also integrated in the navigator system, and fence-post are planned to avoid damaging the pyramidal tracts. During the surgery, after the craniotomy each fence-post catheter is placed according to the navigator guidance before the dural incision to avoid the influence of brain shift. After the dural incision, four planes created by adjacent each fence-post catheter are resected and the tumor is removed. Result: We will present typical three cases. Two cases of glioblastoma and one case of anaplastic oligodendroglioma case are presented. In all three cases, the tumor were located in the left frontal lobe and the tumor were gross totally removed without new neurological deficit with this method. CONCLUSION: Neuronavigator-guided fence-post method is very useful for the resection of malignant glioma.
Abstract 300: The Role of Rheb-mTORC1 Pathway in Cardiac Developmental Growth and Pathological Hypertrophy
Authors: Takahito Tamai, Tomokazu Murakawa, Osamu Yamaguchi, Shungo Hikoso, Issei Komuro, Kinya Otsu
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionary conserved Ser/Thr kinase and plays a key role in cellular growth. Multiprotein complexes called mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling is essential in cardiac hypertrophy. Many signaling pathways which can regulate mTORC1 activity have been previously reported, however, the regulation of mTORC1 is not fully elucidated. A small GTPase, Rheb (Ras homologue enriched in brain)-GTP activates mTORC1. In this study, to examine the contribution of Rheb in mTORC1 signaling in vivo hearts, we generated floxed Rheb mice to obtain cardiac-specific Rheb-deficient mice. First, to examine the role of Rheb-mTORC1 pathway in developmental cardiac hypertrophy, we generated Rheb-/- mice by crossing Rhebflox/flox mice with alpha MHC-Cre transgenic mice. Rheb-/- were born in Mendelian ratio. Echocardiographic analysis revealed that chamber dimension and contractile function of Rheb-/- were similar compared to those of control mice (Rheb+/+) 5 days after birth. However, all of them died between 8 and 10 days after birth due to cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Rheb-/- exhibited cardiac dilatation and reduced contractility 8 days after birth. The heart weight to body weight ratio and the cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes were significantly lower in Rheb-/- 8 days after birth. Next, to examine the role of Rheb-mTORC1 pathway in pathological hypertrophy, we generated conditional Rheb-/- mice by crossing Rhebflox/flox mice with Mer-Cre-Mer transgenic mice. Cardiac pressure overload was induced by means of transverse aortic constriction (TAC), and mice were sacrificed one week after TAC. The heart weight to tibia length ratio and the cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes were significantly increased in both TAC-operated control and conditional Rheb-/- group compared to that of corresponding sham-operated group. Taken together, Rheb is not essential in pathological hypertrophy, but is essentilal in cardiac developmental hypertrophy in the post-neonatal period.
P14.23 Thickening of cerebral meninges - a proof of neoplastic meningitis?
Authors: M. Homberg, W. Cassel, W. Hammoud, H. M. Strik
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Background: Abnormal contrast enhancement and thickening of the cerebral meninges in MRI is frequent in, but not exclusively characteristic for neoplastic meningitis (NM). The introduction of contrast enhanced (CE) mp-rage sequences into routine MR-imaging resulted in a more prominent appearence of the meninges. We asked here if the visual assessment of meningeal thickening by the radiologist is reproducible by measurement in imaging software, and if this radiological parameter is suitable to distinguish between conditions and diseases affecting the meninges. Methods: The reports on approx. 7500 MRI examinations were scanned for the terms “meninges” and “thick” or “enlarged”. 298 cases could be detected, of which 108 could be completely analysed with the radiological “PACS” analysis software and clinical records were available for analysis. The diameter of the meninges in coronal orientation of CE T1 or CE mp-rage sequences were measured with the integrated measurement tool at the level of the Sylvian fissure and in axial orientation at the central sulcus bilaterally. For comparison, 121 cases with normal appearing meninges were assessed accordingly. The intraindividual reliability was analysed with a second measurement of 39 cases after 2 months. The clinical records of the patients were reviewed to recognise the underlying diseases. Results: The diameters of the meninges differed significantly (p<0,001) between normal and pathological appearing cases: the mp-rage mean coronal diameter was dextral 2,21mm (SD 0,415, N=88) vs. control 1,44 (SD 0,188, N=121); the mp-rage mean axial diameter sinistral was 2,13 (SD 0,683, N=88) vs. control 1,49 (SD 0,184, N=106). The variability of the measurements, however, was relatively high (range from 1,3mm to 7,5mm over all locations). Underlying diseases were neoplastic, such as neoplastic meningitis (n=16), but also solid metastases without CSF involvement (n=7); inflammatory diseases like bacterial and viral meningitis (n=14); mechanic alterations like trepanation (n=42), previous lumbar puncture (n=11) and low CSF pressure syndrome (n=4; rare conditions not given). Conclusion: Not only neoplastic meningitis, but also a number of other diseases and conditions such as inflammation or alterations of CSF pressure can cause thickening of the leptomeninges and should be considered as differential diagnoses. Measurement of the meningeal diameter with the routine radiological analysis software is feasible for achieving numeric values that distinguish significantly between normal and abnormal meningeal thickness. The intraindividual variability of the measurements, however, was higher than expected.
Old Plants, New Tricks: Phenological Research Using Herbarium Specimens
Authors: Charles G. Willis, Elizabeth R. Ellwood, Richard B. Primack, Charles C. Davis, Katelin D. Pearson, Amanda S. Gallinat, Jenn M. Yost, Gil Nelson, Susan J. Mazer, Natalie L. Rossington, Tim H. Sparks, Pamela S. Soltis
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2017)
SERUM ANDROGEN PROFILE, BODY COMPOSITION AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE IN FEMALE OLYMPIC ATHLETES
Authors: Emma Berglund Lindgren, Bo Berglund, Angelica Lindén Hirschberg
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Androgens have anabolic effects that may contribute to enhanced physical performance and a decreased risk of injury in athletes. The role of endogenous androgens for athletic performance in female athletes is not yet fully elucidated. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the profile of serum androgens in relation to body composition and physical performance in female Olympic athletes and compared to sedentary controls. <h3>Design</h3> Cross-sectional study, recruitment 2011–2015. <h3>Setting</h3> The Women9s Health Research Unit, Karolinska University Hospital. <h3>Participants</h3> 106 female Swedish Olympic athletes (summer and winter sports) and 117 controls (maximum 2 hours training per week, no prior participation in elite-level sports). <h3>Assessment</h3> Participants were examined at one occasion at rest and in a fasting state for blood sampling. Serum androgen levels were established by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Body composition was evaluated by DXA. Physical performance tests (Squat jump (SJ), Counter Movement Jump (CMJ)) were made at the Sports Institute, Bosön, as part of the “Physical Profile” offered by the Swedish Olympic Committee. <h3>Main Outcome Measurements</h3> The profile of serum androgens, body composition, physical performance. <h3>Results</h3> Female Olympic athletes demonstrated significantly higher androgen levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstandiol (5-ADIOL), lower levels of estrone, and a more anabolic body composition compared to controls. Athletes in power sports had significantly higher bone mineral density compared to endurance and technical athletes, whereas endurance athletes had the highest values of lean mass. Serum levels of DHEA and 5-ADIOL correlated positively to lean mass in female athletes (R=0.25–0.33). Furthermore, DHEA, 5-ADIOL and dihydrotestosterone correlated positively to CMJ and SJ in the athletes (R=0.27–0.39). <h3>Conclusions</h3> We suggest that endogenous androgens contribute to a more anabolic body composition and increased physical performance in female athletes. Furthermore, the anabolic effect on body composition could play a role for the risk of injury.
Duration and exclusiveness of breastfeeding and risk of childhood atopic diseases
Authors: N. J. Elbert, E. R. van Meel, H. T. den Dekker, N. W. de Jong, T. E. C. Nijsten, V. W. V. Jaddoe, J. C. de Jongste, S. G. M. A. Pasmans, L. Duijts
Journal: Allergy (2017)

Breastfeeding may have immune modulatory effects that influence the development of childhood allergic sensitization and atopic diseases. We aimed to examine the associations of breastfeeding with childhood allergic sensitization, inhalant or food allergy and eczema, and whether any association was affected by disease-related modification of the exposure or modified by maternal history of allergy, eczema, or asthma.This study among 5828 children was performed in a population-based prospective cohort from fetal life onwards. We collected information on duration (<2 months, 2-4 months, 4-6 months, and ≥6 months) and exclusiveness (nonexclusive vs exclusive for 4 months) of breastfeeding in infancy by postal questionnaires. At age 10 years, inhalant allergic sensitization and food-allergic sensitization were measured by skin prick tests, and physician-diagnosed inhalant and food allergy by a postal questionnaire. Data on parental-reported eczema were available from birth until age 10 years.We observed no association of breastfeeding with any allergic sensitization, physician-diagnosed allergy, or combination of these outcomes. Shorter breastfeeding duration was associated with an overall increased risk of eczema (P-value for trend <.05). Nonexclusively breastfed children had an overall increased risk of eczema (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.11 [1.01, 1.23]), compared with children exclusively breastfed for 4 months. Risk period-specific sensitivity analyses, additional adjustment for ointment use for eczema at age 2 months, and cross-lagged modeling showed no consistent results for disease-related modification of the exposure. Results were not modified by maternal history of allergy, eczema, or asthma (lowest P-value for interaction=.13).Shorter duration or nonexclusiveness of breastfeeding is associated with a weak overall increased risk of eczema but not allergic sensitization or physician-diagnosed allergy at age 10 years.
An international study of multitrial data investigating quality of life and symptoms as prognostic factors for survival in different cancer sites.
Authors: Chantal Quinten, Efstathios Zikos, Miriam Sprangers, Eva Greimel, Francesca Martinelli, Bryce B. Reeve, Jolie Ringash, Carolyn Gotay, John T Maringwa, Corneel Coens, Divine Ewane Ediebah, Madeleine King, David Osoba, Charles S. Cleeland, Henning Flechtner, Jospeh Schmucker-Von Koch, Martin J. B. Taphoorn, Joachim Weis, Kristin Bjordal, Andrew Bottomley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

6002 Background: The prognostic value for survival of HRQOL data derived from self-report questionnaires, has been well documented in cancer research. The objective of this study was to examine the prognostic value of HRQOL parameters for different cancer sites using one standardized and validated patient self-assessment tool. Methods: A total of 11 different cancer sites, pooled from 30 European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), were selected for this study. For each cancer site, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to assess the prognostic value (p&lt;0.05) of 15 HRQOL parameters, assessed with the EORTC QLQ-C30 at baseline before randomization, for overall survival. Models were adjusted for the parameters age, gender, distant metastasis, World Health Organization performance status and stratified by clinical study. Results: A total of 7,417 patients completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 before randomization. For brain cancer cognitive functioning (CF) (hazard ratio (HR) =0.95; p&lt;.0001) was prognostic. For breast cancer nausea and vomiting (NV) (HR=1.17; p=0.0011) was a prognostic indicator. For colorectal cancer physical functioning (PF) (HR=0.93; p&lt;.0001), NV (HR=1.07; p&lt;.0001), and appetite loss (AP) (HR=1.07; p&lt;.0001) predicted survival. For esophageal cancer PF (HR=0.88; p=0.0072) and for head and neck cancer NV (HR=1.14; p=0.0097) were prognostic. For lung cancer PF (HR=0.94; p=0.0006) and pain (HR=1.08; p&lt;0.0001), for melanoma dyspnea (HR=1.06; p&lt;.0001), for ovarian cancer NV (HR=1.2; p&lt;.0001), for pancreatic cancer global QOL (HR=0.83; p=0.0073), for prostate cancer role functioning (RF) (HR=0.96; p=0.006) and AP (HR=1.07; p&lt;.0001), and for testis cancer RF (HR=0.81; p=0.0144) were predictors of survival. Conclusions: Our findings show that different HRQOL parameters provide prognostic information for survival for patients with different tumor sites and that no single HRQOL scale can predict survival in all cancer patients. Thus, each cancer site needs careful examination and no single QOL paramenter can predict survival in all cancer diseases.
Clinical Aspects of Glucose Transporter Type 1 Deficiency
Authors: Jian Hao, Dorothy I. Kelly, Jianzhong Su, Juan M. Pascual
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2017)

<h3>Importance</h3> Case reports regularly document unique or unusual aspects of glucose transporter type 1 deficiency (G1D). In contrast, population studies from which to draw global inferences are lacking. Twenty-five years after the earliest case reports, this deficiency still particularly affects treatment and prognostic counseling. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the most common features of G1D. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> In this study, data were collected electronically from 181 patients with G1D through a web-based, worldwide patient registry from December 1, 2013, through December 1, 2016. The study used several statistical methods tailored to address the age at onset of various forms of G1D, associated manifestations, natural history, treatment efficacy, and diagnostic procedures. These factors were correlated in a predictive mathematical model designed to guide prognosis on the basis of clinical features present at diagnosis. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 181 patients with G1D were included in the study (92 [50.8%] male and 89 female [49.2%]; median age, 9 years; age range, 0-65 years). As previously known, a relatively large variety of common phenotypes are characteristic of the G1D syndrome, including movement disorders, absence epilepsy (typical and atypical), and myoclonic and generalized epilepsies. The 3 main novel results are (1) the feasibility of effective dietary therapies (such as the modified Atkins diet) other than the ketogenic diet, (2) the relatively frequent occurrence (one-fourth of cases) of white matter magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities, and (3) the favorable effect of early diagnosis and treatment regardless of treatment modality and mutation type. In fact, the most important factor that determines outcome is age at diagnosis, as reflected in a predictive mathematical model. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The results reveal several changing notions in the approach to G1D syndrome diagnosis and treatment, such as the perceived absolute requirement for a ketogenic diet, the assumed lack of structural brain defects, and the potential existence of genotype-phenotype correlations, all of which are contested by the registry data.
Clinical presentations, metabolic abnormalities and end-organ complications in patients with familial partial lipodystrophy
Authors: Baris Akinci, Huseyin Onay, Tevfik Demir, Şenay Savas-Erdeve, Ramazan Gen, Ilgin Yildirim Simsir, Fatma Ela Keskin, Mehmet Sercan Erturk, Ayse Kubat Uzum, Guzin Fidan Yaylali, Nilufer Kutbay Ozdemir, Tahir Atik, Samim Ozen, Banu Sarer Yurekli, Tugce Apaydin, Canan Altay, Gulcin Akinci, Leyla Demir, Abdurrahman Comlekci, Mustafa Secil, Elif Arioglu Oral
Journal: Metabolism (2017)
Abstract 223: A Case for Hypoxia and Long QT Syndrome in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Authors: Marianne Neary, Timothy J Mohun, Ross A Breckenridge
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

INTRODUCTION: Long QT syndrome is considered an important factor in the pathogenesis of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Prolonged QTc intervals (c=corrected for heart rate) in SIDS are sometimes caused by mutations in genes encoding ion channels. Other causes remain largely idiopathic. HYPOTHESIS: Risk factors for SIDS, including maternal bed sharing, head covering and high altitude, are associated with a reduced oxygen environment. Our studies investigate a link between hypoxia and long QT syndrome in the neonate. METHODS: We characterised, for the first time, changes in the murine neonatal electrocardiogram (ECG) at: 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours (n=12) and 2, 6 and 10 days (n=25) after birth. We investigated whether birth into hypoxia 10% O2 (n=16) and genetically elevating cardiac hypoxic signalling in neonatal mice alters the course of changes in ECG morphology (n=14). We analysed the ECG for heart rate and parameters associated with dysrrhythmia and sudden death, including the QTc interval. RESULTS: In the hours and days following birth, we observed a steady increase in heart rate (p&lt;0.0001) and decrease in QTc interval (p&lt;0.05). When neonates were raised in hypoxia for 24 hours, the trends in heart rate (p&lt;0.001) and QTc interval (p&lt;0.0001) were abolished and risk of neonatal death was 52% (17 out of 33) over 24 hours. In transgenic neonatal mice with elevated cardiac hypoxic signalling, we observed a significant bradycardia (p&lt;0.0001) and elongated QTc interval (p&lt;0.0001) compared to controls at ten days after birth, with death occurring pre-weaning. &gt;CONCLUSIONS: Following birth there are significant changes in ECG morphology, including an increase in heart rate and decrease in QTc interval. Hypoxia diminishes these changes resulting in bradycardia and elongated QTc intervals. We hypothesise that the increase in ambient oxygen concentration after birth drives the maturation of cardiac electrical conduction, failure of which predisposes to dysrhythmia and sudden death. This is consistent with known risk factors of SIDS and provides a link between neonatal hypoxia and ECG repolarisation abnormalities.
Cobenefits of global and domestic greenhouse gas emissions for air quality and human health
Authors: Jason West, Yuqiang Zhang, Steven Smith, Raquel Silva, Jared Bowden, Vaishali Naik, Ying Li, Dennis Gilfillan, Zachariah Adelman, Meridith Fry, Susan Anenberg, Larry Horowitz, Jean-Francois Lamarque
Journal: The Lancet (2017)
P12.10 The ROAM / EORTC 1308 trial: Radiation versus observation following surgical resection of atypical meningioma - study update
Authors: M. D. Jenkinson, M. Javadpour, B. J. Haylock, B. Young, H. Bulbeck, M. Farrell, M. Preusser, D. Hughes, C. Gamble, D. Weber
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Introduction: Atypical meningioma are very rare tumours with a recurrence rate of 30-58% at 5-years. A systematic literature review reported that the role of early adjuvant radiotherapy has not been defined and there have been no randomised controlled trials (RCT). As part of a collaboration between NIHR and EORTC we have established an international multi-centre RCT to determine whether early radiotherapy reduces tumour recurrence compared to observation following gross total resection of atypical meningioma. Materials and Methods: A total of 190 patients with newly-diagnosed atypical meningioma who have undergone a Simpson I-III resection will be randomised 1:1 between early radiotherapy (60Gy in 30 fractions) & observation. Using an estimate of 40% recurrence for the control group and 20% for the radiotherapy group then a 0.05 level two-sided log-rank test for equality of survival curves with 80% power would require 86 patients in each arm (total number of events required = 46). The primary outcome measure is time to MRI evidence of tumour recurrence (progression free survival (PFS)). Secondary outcome measures including assessing the toxicity of radiotherapy, the quality of life, neurocognitive function, time to second line treatment, time to death (overall survival) and incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). Tumour tissue and serum will be collected for translational research. Qualitative researchers will interview patients and clinicians to identify reasons for recruitment difficulties and inform recruitment strategies. Results: The trial opened in April 2016 and is planned to open in 49 sites across the UK, Europe and Australia. 4 centres are open and 2 patients have been randomised within the main trial. 4 patients have participated in the qualitative interviews. Updated recruitment figures will be presented. Conclusions: ROAM / 1308 will provide class I evidence of the role of early adjuvant radiotherapy in the management of atypical meningioma. A unique bank of tissue and blood samples will be available for future translational research. Grants: Funded by the NIHR HTA programme (12/173/14).