tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Improvised vs Commercial Tourniquets—Reply
Authors: Joseph M. Galante
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Rare Ileal Ewing Sarcoma/Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Pan Yu, Fei Xiaochun, Lv Jing, Zhang Yifan
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2017)

A 24-year-old woman who had melena, dizziness, and fatigue and looked pale for 2 months was confirmed to have a microcytic hypochromic anemia in the local hospital. It was further revealed that the patient had splenomegaly and a small intestinal lump, and she was then referred to our hospital. The enhanced CT showed an ileal lesion with enhancement, which showed an increased 18F-FDG activity in further PET/CT scanning. Lymphoma was therefore suspected, and an uncomplicated surgical resection of the ileal lesion was then performed. Nevertheless, the histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination was finally proved to be a rare ileal Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor.
06.13 A novel preclinical platform for the evaluation of therapeutics for spondyloarthritis (spa) and comorbidities developing in the tga86 murine-tmtnf-driven model
Authors: Ksanthi Kranidioti, Niki Karagianni, Lydia Ntari, Eleni Argyropoulou, Christina Geka, Maria C Denis, George Kollias
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Spondyloarthritis (SpA) describes a group of diseases characterised by a paradoxical simultaneous bone destruction and formation manifested as axial and peripheral pathologies. TNF is a key pathogenic factor with the strongest evidence of its leading role arising from the therapeutic effect of its inhibition in SpA patients. The TgA86 is a mouse model that overexpresses TNF and exhibits signs of spontaneous SpA. Our objective was to characterise the TgA86 pathology, identify its similarity to human disease and ultimately explore its potential to be used as the basis of a preclinical platform for the evaluation of SpA therapeutics and diagnostics. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> TgA86 transgenic mice express deregulated mouse transmembrane TNF and develop with 100% incidence chronic inflammatory arthritis and axial pathology clinically manifested by a characteristic tail bending. We used clinical observations, histopathological analysis, x-ray and μCT radiographic read-outs to establish a standardised pipeline for the evaluation of the TgA86 pathology. <h3>Results</h3> Histopathological, x-ray and μCT analysis of the vertebral column revealed the presence of pathological findings closely resembling those observed in human SpA patients. More specifically, disease characteristics included soft tissue swelling, bone erosion, increased bone formation and replacement of the vertebra bar-bell shape with a rectangular shape. Moreover, TgA86 mice exhibited a concomitant development of aortic valve disease, an extraarticular co-morbidity observed in a significant percentage of SpA patients. This data support the similarity of the TgA86 pathology to that of the human disease. We further used a standardised set of the above-mentioned read-outs to validate the response of this model to human therapeutics. TgA86 animals treated with the commercially available human therapeutic Etanercept, exhibited significant amelioration of both peripheral and axial pathologies in a reproducible and dose-dependent manner thus establishing the translational value of this model in the evaluation of human therapeutics. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Biomedcode has standardised and validated a novel TgA86-based highly reproducible and sensitive efficacy preclinical platform for the evaluation of therapeutics targeting SpA. This platform can be further used to validate and evaluate the therapeutic effect of the blockade of additional pathological pathways associated with SpA including IL-17, Wnt signalling and others.
A new allergen family involved in pollen food-associated syndrome: Snakin/gibberellin-regulated proteins
Authors: Hélène Sénéchal, Jiří Šantrůček, Magdalena Melčová, Petr Svoboda, Jarmila Zídková, Denis Charpin, Laurence Guilloux, Youcef Shahali, Marie-Ange Selva, Rémy Couderc, Tomoyasu Aizawa, Pascal Poncet
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2017)
Immune surveillance reactivation to improve overall survival in small cell lung cancer (SCLC): The randomized IMPULSE study
Authors: M. Thomas, R. Carter, S. Ponce Aix, J. Riera-Knorrenschild, A. Navarro Mendivil, M. Domine, J. Kollmeier, P. Sadjadian, R.M. Huber, M. Wolf
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2016)
Epidemiology and impact of travellers’ diarrhoea on participants in the pre-Olympic test event Aquec Rio 2015
Authors: Nebojsa Nikolic, Robert Steffen, Lidija Bilić-Zulle
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Sailing competitions during the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro took place in the sewage polluted Guanabara Bay.1 After strong media exposure a year before the Games, World Sailing deployed a medical team to study the impact of the environment on participants, particularly to assess the epidemiology and impact of travellers’ diarrhoea (TD) on athletes participating in the pre-Olympic test event in August 2015.2

In sailing, competitors may come into direct contact with the water. They are occasionally splashed with water and boats may capsize, depending on the wind conditions and the type of boat.3 Sailing techniques can include taking the ropes into the mouth to have the hands free for manoeuvring the boat. Breaks in regattas are used to offer sailors fluid replacement and nutrition which opens the possibility for infection from soiled hands.

A total of 688 persons participated in the Aquec Rio 2015 sailing event and received a questionnaire from the cross-sectional study; 396 questionnaires were included in the study (response rate 57.6%). Classic severe TD is usually defined as at least three unformed bowel movements occurring within a 24-hour period, often accompanied by cramps, nausea, vomiting, fever and/or blood in the stools. Moderate TD is defined as one …
<i>In Vivo</i> Validation of PAPSS1 (3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate synthase 1) as a Cisplatin-sensitizing Therapeutic Target
Authors: Ada W.Y. Leung, Chansey J. Veinotte, Nicole Melong, Min Hee Oh, Kent Chen, Katey S.S. Enfield, Ian Backstrom, Corinna Warburton, Donald Yapp, Jason N. Berman, Marcel B. Bally, William W. Lockwood
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2017)

Purpose: Our previous screening efforts found that inhibition of PAPSS1 increases the potency of DNA-damaging agents in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. Here, we explored the clinical relevance of PAPSS1 and further investigated it as a therapeutic target in preclinical model systems.Experimental Design: PAPSS1 expression and cisplatin IC50 values were assessed in 52 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Effects of PAPSS1 inhibition on A549 cisplatin sensitivity under hypoxic and starvation conditions, in 3D spheroids, as well as in zebrafish and mouse xenografts, were evaluated. Finally, the association between PAPSS1 expression levels and survival in patients treated with standard chemotherapy was assessed.Results: Our results show a positive correlation between low PAPSS1 expression and increased cisplatin sensitivity in lung adenocarcinoma. In vitro, the potentiation effect was greatest when A549 cells were serum-starved under hypoxic conditions. When treated with low-dose cisplatin, PAPSS1-deficient A549 spheroids showed a 58% reduction in size compared with control cells. In vivo, PAPSS1 suppression and low-dose cisplatin treatment inhibited proliferation of lung tumor cells in zebrafish xenografts and significantly delayed development of subcutaneous tumors in mice. Clinical data suggest that NSCLC and ovarian cancer patients with low PAPSS1 expression survive longer following platinum-based chemotherapy.Conclusions: These results suggest that PAPSS1 inhibition enhances cisplatin activity in multiple preclinical model systems and that low PAPSS1 expression may serve as a biomarker for platin sensitivity in cancer patients. Developing strategies to target PAPSS1 activity in conjunction with platinum-based chemotherapy may offer an approach to improving treatment outcomes. Clin Cancer Res; 23(21); 6555-66. ©2017 AACR.
Re: Sungmin Woo, Chong Hyun Suh, Sang Youn Kim, Jeong Yeon Cho, Seung Hyup Kim. Diagnostic Performance of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Version 2 for Detection of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Diagnostic Meta-analysis. Eur Urol 2017;72:177–88
Authors: Erfan Ayubi, Saeid Safiri
Journal: European Urology (2017)
PH-métrie oesophagienne sans fil sur 24 et 48 h: Validation de la technique par rapport à la pH-métrie conventionnelle
Authors: S Bruley des Varannes, F Mion, P Ducrotté, F Zerbib, P Denis, T Ponchon, JP Galmiche
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Introduction: La pH-métrie oesophagienne est la méthode de référence pour la détection et la caractérisation du reflux gastro-ésophagien acide (RGO). Afin de s’affranchir de la présence d’une électrode trans-nasale, un nouveau dispositif de capsule télémétrique (CT) a été récemment développé (Bravo®, Medtronic, Paris). Le but de cette étude était d’évaluer la faisabilité et la fiabilité de cette nouvelle technique par rapport à la pH-métrie conventionnelle (PHM). Patients et Méthodes: Après avoir été informés et avoir donné leur consentement, 32 patients (19 hommes, âge moyen: 49 ± 15 ans) ayant des symptômes compatibles avec un RGO, ont été inclus dans l’étude. La CT était fixée à la muqueuse oesophagienne, 5 cm au dessus de la ligne Z, précédemment repérée par endoscopie, à l’aide d’un dispositif de mise en place, introduit par voie nasale ou buccale. L’extrémité sensible d’une électrode à l’antimoine, introduite par voie nasale, était ensuite placée au même niveau que la CT avec ajustement à l’aide d’un contrôle radioscopique. Après 24 h (J1), l’électrode était retirée, et l’enregistrement du signal émis par la CT était poursuivi sur une seconde période de 24 h (J2). Résultats: La fixation de la capsule a pu être effectuée chez 28/32 patients inclus dans l’étude (2 vomissements immédiats de la CT, 1 dysfonctionnement avant ingestion, 1 échec de pose). Il n’y a pas eu d’événement indésirable grave. Aucune capsule n’était fixée à la paroi oesophagienne lors du contrôle radioscopique systématique à 14 jours. Un enregistrement interprétable a été obtenu chez 26 patients à J1 et chez 25 patients à J2. Il existait une corrélation très significative (r = 0,88, p < 0,0001) entre les expositions acides de l’ésophage (EAO) mesurées par PHM et par CT à J1. Cependant, l’EAO des 24 h était significativement plus faible avec la CT qu’avec la PHM (3,3 ± 3,7% vs 4,4 ± 4,9%, p < 0,01). Le seuil discriminant pour le diagnostic de RGO pathologique, calculé à partir de l’équation de la droite de régression, et correspondant au seuil de 4,2% en PHM, était de 3,1% en CT. A J1, la concordance diagnostique entre les 2 techniques était alors de 85% (kappa: 0,692). En revanche, la corrélation entre les EAO enregistrées à J1 et J2 par CT était moins étroite, bien que significative (r = 0,47, p = 0,01). De plus, l’EAO à J2 était plus élevée qu’à J1 (6,6 ± 9,7% vs 3,3 ± 3,7%, p = 0,06). Conclusion: La CT est une technique valide de la mesure de l’EAO. 2) Moyennant une adaptation de la valeur seuil (3,1%), la concordance pour le diagnostic de RGO déterminée simultanément à J1 est excellente. 3) L’interprétation des résultats obtenus à J2 nécessite des études complémentaires afin de préciser l’influence respective de l’ablation de l’électrode de pH-métrie après 24 h chez nos malades et/ou de l’adaptation du sujet à son dispositif, notamment en terme de comportement alimentaire et physique.
Intensive versus standard physical rehabilitation therapy in the critically ill (EPICC): a multicentre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Stephen E Wright, Kirsty Thomas, Gillian Watson, Catherine Baker, Andrew Bryant, Thomas J Chadwick, Jing Shen, Ruth Wood, Jennifer Wilkinson, Leigh Mansfield, Victoria Stafford, Clare Wade, Julie Furneval, Andrea Henderson, Keith Hugill, Philip Howard, Alistair Roy, Stephen Bonner, Simon Baudouin
Journal: Thorax (2017)

Background Early physical rehabilitation in the intensive care unit (ICU) has been shown to improve short-term clinical outcomes but long-term benefit has not been proven and the optimum intensity of rehabilitation is not known. Methods We conducted a randomised, parallel-group, allocation-concealed, assessor-blinded, controlled trial in patients who had received at least 48 hours of invasive or non-invasive ventilation. Participants were randomised in a 1:1 ratio, stratified by admitting ICU, admission type and level of independence. The intervention group had a target of 90 min physical rehabilitation per day, the control group a target of 30 min per day (both Monday to Friday). The primary outcome was the Physical Component Summary (PCS) measure of SF-36 at 6 months. Results We recruited 308 participants over 34 months: 150 assigned to the intervention and 158 to the control group. The intervention group received a median (IQR) of 161 (67–273) min of physical rehabilitation on ICU compared with 86 (31–139) min in the control group. At 6 months, 62 participants in the intervention group and 54 participants in the control group contributed primary outcome data. In the intervention group, 43 had died, 11 had withdrawn and 34 were lost to follow-up, while in the control group, 56 had died, 5 had withdrawn and 43 were lost to follow-up. There was no difference in the primary outcome at 6 months, mean (SD) PCS 37 (12.2) in the intervention group and 37 (11.3) in the control group. Conclusions In this study, ICU-based physical rehabilitation did not appear to improve physical outcomes at 6 months compared with standard physical rehabilitation. Trial registration number ISRCTN 20436833.
Socioeconomic differences in mortality in the antiretroviral therapy era in Agincourt, rural South Africa, 2001–13: a population surveillance analysis
Authors: Chodziwadziwa W Kabudula, Brian Houle, Mark A Collinson, Kathleen Kahn, Francesc Xavier Gómez-Olivé, Stephen Tollman, Samuel J Clark
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2017)

Understanding the effects of socioeconomic disparities in health outcomes is important to implement specific preventive actions. We assessed socioeconomic disparities in mortality indicators in a rural South African population over the period 2001-13.
Biomarker research to improve clinical outcomes of peritoneal dialysis: consensus of the European Training and Research in Peritoneal Dialysis (EuTRiPD) network
Authors: Christoph Aufricht, Robert Beelen, Matthias Eberl, Michel Fischbach, Donald Fraser, Achim Jörres, Klaus Kratochwill, Manuel LópezCabrera, Peter Rutherford, Claus-Peter Schmitt, Nicholas Topley, Janusz Witowski
Journal: Kidney International (2017)
The role of sonic hedgehog pathway in glioblastoma and neuroblastoma
Authors: Mehdi Hayat, Xing Fan, Javier Castresana
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

2052  It has been reported that the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway is not only crucial for early embryonic development but also for stem cell maintenance leading to tumor progression (e.g. medulloblastoma).  In this study we performed semiquantitative RT-PCR of four Shh pathway genes (Patch1, Smo, Gli1 and Gli3) before and after treatments with 5-azacytidine and Trichostatin A (TSA) in six medulloblastoma cell lines, eight glioblastoma cell lines and eleven neuroblastoma cell lines. Also, methylated specific qPCR of the Smo gene was performed in six medulloblastoma cell lines, eight glioblastoma cell lines, and sixty tumor samples (forty glioblastomas and twenty neuroblastomas).  Our results indicate good expression of these genes in all three tumor cell lines (see Table 1), only Patch1 showing re-expression in medulloblastoma cell lines. We also found no medulloblastoma cell line showed Smo methylation, while one glioblastoma cell line -U87MG- and 60% (24/40) glioblastomas and 20% (8/20) neuroblastoma samples showed methylation in the Smo promoter region.  Taken together, these data indicate that 1) Shh has a role in glioblastoma and neuroblastoma progression, and not only in medulloblastoma, 2) Smo expression is needed for Gli3 expression in medulloblastoma and glioblastoma cell lines, but not in neuroblastoma cell lines, and 3) hemimethylation in the promoter region of the Smo gene in glioblastoma and neuroblastoma might not be enough to silence the gene.
Therapeutic Modulation of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Experimental Arthritis
Authors: Ramzi Nehmar, Ghada Alsaleh, Benjamin Voisin, Vincent Flacher, Alexandre Mariotte, Victoria Saferding, Antonia Puchner, Birgit Niederreiter, Thierry Vandamme, Gernot Schabbauer, Philippe Kastner, Susan Chan, Peggy Kirstetter, Martin Holcmann, Christopher Mueller, Jean Sibilia, Seiamak Bahram, Stephan Blüml, Philippe Georgel
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2017)

The role of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) and type I interferons (IFNs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a subject of controversy. This study was undertaken to explore the contribution of PDCs and type I IFNs to RA pathogenesis using various animal models of PDC depletion and to monitor the effect of localized PDC recruitment and activation on joint inflammation and bone damage.Mice with K/BxN serum-induced arthritis, collagen-induced arthritis, and human tumor necrosis factor transgene insertion were studied. Symptoms were evaluated by visual scoring, quantification of paw swelling, determination of cytokine levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and histologic analysis. Imiquimod-dependent therapeutic effects were monitored by transcriptome analysis (using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) and flow cytometric analysis of the periarticular tissue.PDC-deficient mice showed exacerbation of inflammatory and arthritis symptoms after arthritogenic serum transfer. In contrast, enhancing PDC recruitment and activation to arthritic joints by topical application of the Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7) agonist imiquimod significantly ameliorated arthritis in various mouse models. Imiquimod induced an IFN signature and led to reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells.The therapeutic effects of imiquimod on joint inflammation and bone destruction are dependent on TLR-7 sensing by PDCs and type I IFN signaling. Our findings indicate that local recruitment and activation of PDCs represents an attractive therapeutic opportunity for RA patients.
Solid Organ Transplant–Transmitted Tuberculosis Linked to a Community Outbreak — California, 2015
Authors: Alexander Kay, Pennan M. Barry, Pallavi Annambhotla, Carol Greene, Martin Cilnis, Peter Chin-Hong, Nicholas Arger, Louise McNitt, Nikole Neidlinger, Neha Shah, Sridhar V. Basavaraju, Matthew Kuehnert, Tambi Shaw
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

In the spring of 2015, a local health department (LHD) in county A notified the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) about three adults with close ties to one another and a congregate community site who had received diagnoses of tuberculosis (TB) disease within a 3-month period. Subsequent review revealed matching TB genotypes indicating that the cases were likely part of a chain of TB transmission. Only three TB cases in California in the preceding 2 years shared this same genotype. One of those three previous cases occurred in a lung-transplant recipient who had no identified epidemiologic links to the outbreak. CDPH, multiple LHDs, and CDC conducted an investigation and determined that the lung-transplant donor (patient 1) was epidemiologically linked to the three outbreak cases and had a tuberculin skin test (TST) conversion detected in 2012 upon reentry at a local jail. Three other solid organ recipients from this donor were identified; none had developed TB disease. This investigation suggests that review of organ donors' medical records from high-risk environments, such as jails, might reveal additional information about TB risk. The evaluation of TB in organ recipients could include genotyping analysis (1) and coordination among local, state, and national partners to evaluate the potential for donor-derived TB.
04.18 Bmp2-induced osteophyte formation is facilitated by tgfβ but not by inflammatory factors
Authors: Arjan van Caam, Esmeralda Blaney Davidson, Marije Koenders, Elly Vitters, Miranda Bennink, Peter van Lent, Fons van de Loo, Peter van der Kraan
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Osteophytes, ie, bony outgrowths that limit joint movement and cause pain, are a hallmark of (secondary) osteoarthritis (OA), but how their formation is regulated is still unclear. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) has been implicated as an important mediator of osteophyte formation. When we investigated the ability of BMP2 to induce osteophytes, we noticed that especially in OA conditions BMP2 can induce large osteophytes. In this study we tried to elucidate which OA-related factor(s) enable(s) this BMP2 effect. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> Col2-rtTA-TRE-BMP2 mice were used, which express BMP2 when exposed to doxycycline in cells having expressed collagen type II. Doxycycline was administered via the food from 7 days before onset of each experiment and onwards. To study if an inflammatory mediator enables BMP2-induced osteophyte formation, either IL1β or zymosan was injected intra-articularly, and saline injections were used as control. To investigate if transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signalling enables BMP2-induced osteophytes, TGFβ1 was either overexpressed in low dose using an adenovirus, or inhibited during experimental OA as induced by destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM) by adenoviral overexpression of its inhibitor: latency associated peptide (LAP). <h3>Results</h3> In these mice, doxycycline-induced BMP2 expression in cartilage did not result in spontaneous osteophyte formation. Inflammation, induced by either a simple trigger like IL1β or a more complex trigger like zymosan did not trigger BMP2-mediated osteophyte formation, but BMP2 did enhance zymosan induced synovial thickening and cartilage damage. In experimental OA, BMP2 enhanced osteophyte formation, but strikingly inhibition of TGFβ did normalise BMP2 mediated osteophyte formation to control level. Furthermore, overexpression of TGFβ in a dose that predominantly resulted in fibrosis, resulted in severe osteophyte formation in the presence of BMP2. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our data show that BMP2 induced osteophyte formation is greatly enhanced by an additional trigger. Inflammatory factors released during OA are unlikely to be such an osteophyte-formation activation trigger. More likely TGFβ activity is the key factor that facilitates BMP2 mediated osteophyte formation.