Coffee Drinking and Mortality in 10 European Countries
Authors: Mika Kivimaki, Jane E. Ferrie
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

Letters6 March 2018Coffee Drinking and Mortality in 10 European CountriesMika Kivimaki, PhD and Jane E. Ferrie, PhDMika Kivimaki, PhDUniversity College London, London, United Kingdom (M.K., J.E.F.)Search for more papers by this author and Jane E. Ferrie, PhDUniversity College London, London, United Kingdom (M.K., J.E.F.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L17-0688 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Gunter and colleagues (1) report that persons in the highest quartile of coffee consumption have a 7% to 10% higher risk for death than nonconsumers of coffee in a study of more than 450 000 adults from 10 European countries. However, this association was reversed after adjustment for covariates. In the multivariable-adjusted model, high coffee consumption is related to a 12% and 7% lower mortality risk in men and women, respectively. The authors suggest that coffee may confer health benefits.The instability of the results in relation to covariate adjustments raised our concern about the validity of this ...References1. Gunter MJ, Murphy N, Cross AJ, Dossus L, Dartois L, Fagherazzi G, et al. Coffee drinking and mortality in 10 European countries: a multinational cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167:236-47. [PMID: 28693038]. doi:10.7326/M16-2945 LinkGoogle Scholar2. Nordestgaard AT, Nordestgaard BG. Coffee intake, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: observational and Mendelian randomization analyses in 95 000-223 000 individuals. Int J Epidemiol. 2016;45:1938-52. [PMID: 28031317] doi:10.1093/ije/dyw325 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Stringhini S, Carmeli C, Jokela M, Avendaño M, Muennig P, Guida F, et al; LIFEPATH consortium. Socioeconomic status and the 25 × 25 risk factors as determinants of premature mortality: a multicohort study and meta-analysis of 1·7 million men and women. Lancet. 2017;389:1229-37. [PMID: 28159391] doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32380-7 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Ludwig J, Sanbonmatsu L, Gennetian L, Adam E, Duncan GJ, Katz LF, et al. Neighborhoods, obesity, and diabetes—a randomized social experiment. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:1509-19. [PMID: 22010917] doi:10.1056/NEJMsa1103216 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. VanderWeele TJ, Ding P. Sensitivity analysis in observational research: introducing the E-value. Ann Intern Med. 2017;167:268-74. [PMID: 28693043]. doi:10.7326/M16-2607 LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University College London, London, United Kingdom (M.K., J.E.F.)Disclosures: Authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L17-0688. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoCoffee Drinking and Mortality in 10 European Countries Marc J. Gunter , Neil Murphy , Amanda J. Cross , Laure Dossus , Laureen Dartois , Guy Fagherazzi , Rudolf Kaaks , Tilman Kühn , Heiner Boeing , Krasimira Aleksandrova , Anne Tjønneland , Anja Olsen , Kim Overvad , Sofus Christian Larsen , Maria Luisa Redondo Cornejo , Antonio Agudo , María José Sánchez Pérez , Jone M. Altzibar , Carmen Navarro , Eva Ardanaz , Kay-Tee Khaw , Adam Butterworth , Kathryn E. Bradbury , Antonia Trichopoulou , Pagona Lagiou , Dimitrios Trichopoulos , Domenico Palli , Sara Grioni , Paolo Vineis , Salvatore Panico , Rosario Tumino , Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita , Peter Siersema , Max Leenders , Joline W.J. Beulens , Cuno U. Uiterwaal , Peter Wallström , Lena Maria Nilsson , Rikard Landberg , Elisabete Weiderpass , Guri Skeie , Tonje Braaten , Paul Brennan , Idlir Licaj , David C. Muller , Rashmi Sinha , Nick Wareham , and Elio Riboli Coffee Drinking and Mortality in 10 European Countries Marc J. Gunter , Neil Murphy , David C. Muller , and Elio Riboli Coffee Drinking and Mortality in 10 European Countries Miguel Cainzos-Achirica , Manel Pladevall-Vila , and Usama Bilal Metrics 6 March 2018Volume 168, Issue 5Page: 380KeywordsAlcohol consumptionCoffeeFactor analysisHazard ratioHypersensitivityLife expectancyMedical risk factorsMortalityMyocardial infarctionRisk management ePublished: 6 March 2018 Issue Published: 6 March 2018 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2018 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...