tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Cardiologist is struck off after making unwanted sexual advance towards student
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2018)

A locum consultant cardiologist has been struck off by a medical practitioners tribunal after he used an echocardiogram as a pretext to make an unwanted sexual advance towards a medical student while he awaited a High Court hearing about doing the same thing with a patient.

A previous tribunal had imposed no sanction in the earlier incident, finding “not proven” a charge that Nilesh Jagjivan was sexually motivated when in 2013 he had demonstrated to a 27 year old female patient how to sexually excite herself to raise her heart rate during echocardiography.

The result prompted the General Medical Council …
How to estimate the effect of treatment duration on survival outcomes using observational data
Authors: Miguel A Hernán
Journal: BMJ (2018)

When using observational data, quantifying the effect of treatment duration on survival outcomes is not straightforward because only people who live for a long time can receive treatment for a long time. This problem doesn’t apply to randomised trials because people are classified based on the treatment duration they are assigned, rather than the treatment duration that they achieve. This approach accepts that dead people do not deviate from their assigned treatment strategy. By transferring this insight to the analysis of observational data, we can follow three steps to estimate the effect of treatment duration from observational data without the bias of naive comparisons between long term and short term users. The first step is cloning people to assign them to multiple treatment strategies. The second step is censoring clones when they deviate from their assigned treatment strategy. The third step is performing inverse probability weighting to adjust for the potential selection bias introduced by censoring. The procedure can be used to compare any treatment strategies that are sustained over time. Cloning, censoring, and weighting eliminates immortal time bias in the estimates of absolute and relative risk, which helps researchers focus their attention on other biases that may be present in observational analyses and are not so easily eliminated.
Abstract 131: Nucleotides as Prognostic Factors for Post--Cardiac Arrest Syndrome
Authors: Yuka Sumi, Linglin Lee, Kouhei Ishikawa, Yoshiaki Inoue, Ken Okamoto, Hiroshi Tanaka, Wolfgang G Junger
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction: In post-cardiac arrest syndrome (PCAS), morbidity and mortality are increased by cerebral and cardiac dysfunction due to whole-body ischemia/reperfusion injury. Reliable means of pred...
Recent structural advances in constrained helical peptides
Authors: Kornelia J. Skowron, Thomas E. Speltz, Terry W. Moore
Journal: Medicinal Research Reviews (2018)

Abstract Given the ubiquity of the ⍺‐helix in the proteome, there has been much research in developing mimics of ⍺‐helices, and most of this study has been toward developing protein‐protein interaction inhibitors. A common strategy for mimicking ⍺‐helices has been through the use of constrained, helical peptides. The addition of a constraint typically provides for conformational and proteolytic stability and, in some cases, cell permeability. Some of the most well‐known strategies included are lactam formation and hydrocarbon “stapling.” Beyond those strategies, there have been many recent advances in developing constrained peptides. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in the development of new helix‐stabilizing technologies, constraint diversification strategies, tether diversification strategies, and combination strategies that create new bicyclic helical peptides.
Abstract 16550: Coronary Artery Lack of Tapering and Perivascular Brightness are Unreliable Parameters for Diagnosis of Incomplete Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Edon J Rabinowitz, Lorry Rubin, Kinjal Desai, Denise A Hayes, Aykut Tugertimur, Elena N Kwon, Preeta Dhanantwari, Nilanjana Misra, Guillaume Stoffels, Elizabeth Mitchell
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: In 2004 the AHA endorsed an algorithm for the evaluation of suspected incomplete Kawasaki disease (iKD) relying on echocardiogram (echo) for diagnosis. Echo is positive if coronary artery (CA) Z scores are ≥2.5; CA meet criteria for aneurysm; or ≥3 of the following findings are present: lack of tapering (LT), perivascular brightness (PB), decreased left ventricular function, mitral regurgitation, pericardial effusion, CA Z score 2-2.49. The utility of PB and LT as diagnostic parameters are unvalidated. Hypothesis: LT and PB are unreliable, subjective findings, seen in systemic febrile illnesses without KD and in normal controls. Methods: Single center retrospective study from 1/08-1/17. Based on preliminary data, 100 subjects were used to assess reliability. De-identified diagnostic echo clips of CA from patients ages 0-10 years were interpreted blindly by 6 pediatric cardiologists specializing in imaging. Patients were grouped as follows: 1) KD: IVIG treatment, 4-5 clinical criteria at pres...
GW29-e0623 Platelet-derived miRNAs as the determinants of the variability of platelet reactivity in healthy and clopidogrel antiplatelet responsiveness in ACS patients
Authors: Jun Liu, Liuan Qin, Shulin Yao, Li Peng, Jia Liu, Xuyun Wang, Tong Yin
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
GW29-e1301 Differences in Clinical Characteristics Between Male and Female Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Admitted by Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Ruifeng Guo, Xiao Wang, Guanqi Zhao, Jingyao Fan, Wei Gong, Yongxiang Wei, Shaoping Nie
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Response to Comment on Itoh et al. Intensive Treat-to-Target Statin Therapy in High-Risk Japanese Patients With Hypercholesterolemia and Diabetic Retinopathy: Report of a Randomized Study. Diabetes Care 2018;41:1275–1284
Authors: Hiroshi Itoh, Kenji Ueshima, Issei Komuro
Journal: Diabetes Care (2018)

We thank Donzelli et al. (1) for their interest in our article (2). The report of the EMPATHY study (2) showed no significant difference between the intensive group and the standard group for the primary end point, but the difference was significant for cerebral events, which was one of the secondary end points. Our study did not adjust for multiplicity of secondary end points. We thus agree with the authors of the letter (1) that these results do not provide substantial evidence that aggressive LDL cholesterol (LDL-C)–lowering therapy prevents cerebral events. This is why we identified our investigation of cerebral events as an exploratory analysis.

Our study focused particularly on the assessment of effects of stains on atherosclerotic events. Thus, we established the secondary end point of stroke (cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage) and assessed the data within that context. We believe that our findings support those of previous studies (3) that statins do not …
Abstract B26: Novel lncRNA regulates PAX3/FOXO1 expression and is essential for RMS tumorigenesis
Authors: Xiang Chen, Mireya Herrera-Herrera, Justina McEvoy
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a pediatric cancer of the developing skeletal muscle, and the mechanisms that drive this tumor are not completely understood. Despite the genetic alterations discovered in this disease, therapeutics targeting these mutations have not improved patient survival over the past 25 years. Since more than 60% of patients with metastatic disease do not survive, this creates an urgency to identify new vulnerabilities to exploit for therapeutic development. To do this we performed a comprehensive evaluation of the epigenomic landscape across 16 RMS orthotopic patient-derived xenograft tumors. We identified 41 super enhancers unique to RMS tumors. Within these, we discovered 9 novel lncRNAs of which 3 have potential cis-regulatory activity. We hypothesize that these lncRNAs are required for RMS tumorigenesis. Indeed, from preliminary knockdown analysis of one of these lncRNAs, lnc19_31, we observed rapid cell death in RMS cell lines and concomitant upregulation of apoptotic genes based on RNA-seq, such as TP53. Remarkably, we also observed more than 70 cancer consensus genes that were up- or downregulated, including genes that are frequently mutated in RMS patients such as BCOR and FGFR4. Within these we were excited to discover the loss of PAX3/FOX1 translocation, as this is a major driver of the alveolar subtype and often associated with poor prognosis. Taken together, we hypothesize that lncRNA deregulation is required for expression of key oncogenes and tumor suppressor and essential for RMS cell survival and tumorigenesis. These data will shed insight into a new underlying mechanism that drives this disease. These exciting findings present potential tumor vulnerabilities and, thus, new opportunities for future therapeutic discoveries that would otherwise be beyond our reach. Citation Format: Xiang Chen, Mireya Herrera-Herrera, Justina McEvoy. Novel lncRNA regulates PAX3/FOXO1 expression and is essential for RMS tumorigenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Pediatric Cancer Research: From Basic Science to the Clinic; 2017 Dec 3-6; Atlanta, Georgia. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B26.
<i>In vivo</i>pathogenicity of IgG from patients with anti-SRP or anti-HMGCR autoantibodies in immune-mediated necrotising myopathy
Authors: Cécile Bergua, Hélène Chiavelli, Yves Allenbach, Louiza Arouche-Delaperche, Christophe Arnoult, Gwladys Bourdenet, Laetitia Jean, Rachid Zoubairi, Nicolas Guerout, Michael Mahler, Olivier Benveniste, Laurent Drouot, Olivier Boyer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

Objectives In autoimmunity, autoantibodies (aAb) may be simple biomarkers of disease or true pathogenic effectors. A form of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy associated with anti-signal recognition particle (SRP) or anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) aAb has been individualised and is referred to as immune-mediated necrotising myopathy (IMNM). The level of aAb correlates with IMNM activity and disease may respond to immunosuppression, suggesting that they are pathogenic. We aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of IgG from patients with anti-SRP or anti-HMGCR aAb in vivo by developing the first mouse model of IMNM. Methods IgG from patients suffering from anti-SRP or anti-HMGCR associated IMNM were passively transferred to wild-type, Rag2 -/- or complement C3 -/- mice. Muscle deficiency was evaluated by muscle strength on electrostimulation and grip test. Histological analyses were performed after haematoxylin/eosin staining or by immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry analysis. Antibody levels were quantified by addressable laser bead assay (ALBIA). Results Passive transfer of IgG from patients suffering from IMNM to C57BL/6 or Rag2 -/- mice provoked muscle deficiency. Pathogenicity of aAb was reduced in C3 -/- mice while increased by supplementation with human complement. Breakage of tolerance by active immunisation with SRP or HMGCR provoked disease. Conclusion This study demonstrates that patient-derived anti-SRP + and anti-HMGCR + IgG are pathogenic towards muscle in vivo through a complement-mediated mechanism, definitively establishing the autoimmune character of IMNM. These data support the use of plasma exchanges and argue for evaluating complement-targeting therapies in IMNM.
Abstract 15662: Exercise Echocardiography Has a High Sensitivity and Specificity in Differentiating Athlete’s Heart From Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lynne Millar, Gabriel Fernandez, Harshil Dhutia, Jessica Myott, Aneil Malhotra, Gherardo Finocchiaro, Maite Tome, Rajay Narain, Michael Papadakis, Tracey Keteepe-Arachi, Elijah Behr, Keerthi Prakash, Sanjay Sharma, Rajan Sharma
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Around 12% of athletes have a phenotype that overlaps with mild dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); however uncertainty remains as to how to distinguish athletic adaptation from pathology. ...
Use mesh implants for stress urinary incontinence only as last resort, says NICE
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Surgical mesh or tape should be used to treat stress urinary incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse only after all non-surgical options have been reviewed, the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence has said in draft guidance.1

When mesh or tape is used, the procedures and any related complications should be recorded in a national database to help with future decisions about its use, it said.

The safety of mesh implants has been brought into question by thousands of women around the world, many of whom are taking legal action against manufacturers, including in the UK.

In July the use of surgical mesh for stress urinary incontinence was suspended in England by the life peer Julia Cumberlege,2 just days after she began taking evidence from women affected by mesh as part of an independent review.3 The government set up the review in February after pressure from …
GW29-e0850 NEW DISCOVERY: New Technique of Visualization of Laminar, Turbulent Flow and Measurement of Velocity and dynamic coronary pressure
Authors: Thach Nguyen, Nguyen Bao Tran Chau, Luu Thi Phuong Thuy, Thao Dang, Tu NT. Nguyen, Tarneem Darwish, Gianluca Rigatelli, Ernest Talarico
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
A Reappraisal of Sex-Specific Cancer Survival Trends Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States
Authors: Lihua Liu, Diana J Moke, Kai-Ya Tsai, Amie Hwang, David R Freyer, Ann S Hamilton, Juanjuan Zhang, Myles Cockburn, Dennis Deapen
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2018)

Cancer survival among adolescents and young adults (AYAs) was previously reported as showing little or no improvement compared to younger or older counterparts. The role of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the AYA survival deficit has not been evaluated.Using cancer registry data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (SEER 9), we examined sex-specific 5-year relative survival trends for children (0-14 years old), AYAs (15-39 years old), and older adults (40 years and older) diagnosed with cancer during 1973-2009 and followed through the end of 2014. The analysis was conducted with and without Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and lymphomas, and by two time periods: 1973-1977 (before the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [HIV/AIDS] epidemic) and 2005-2009 (after the HIV/AIDS epidemic waned).A total of 3 209 721 invasive cancer cases were included in the study (27 646 children, 213 930 AYAs, and 2 968 145 older adults; 24 803 children, 178 741 AYAs, and 2 844 062 older adults when KS and lymphoma cases were excluded). We found that 5-year relative survival for AYAs exceeded that of children and older adults before the onset of the HIV/AIDS epidemic (eg, during 1973-1979, 0.58-0.67 among male AYAs as compared with 0.47-0.61 for male children and 0.36-0.42 for male older adults; among female AYAs, the numbers were 0.73-0.77 as compared with 0.51-0.65 for female children and 0.52-0.55 for female older adults); substantially declined during 1983-1997 when HIV/AIDS lacked effective treatment among male AYAs; and returned to be higher than most age groups by the late 1990s after HIV/AIDS was controlled. Nonetheless, comparison of survival improvement between 1973-1977 and 2005-2009 demonstrated less progress in AYAs than other age groups, which was due to AYAs' better baseline survival and larger survival gains among children and older adults in recent years.Apart from the temporary impact of HIV/AIDS, survival among AYA cancer patients has shown sustained improvement and superiority relative to other age groups. However, these encouraging findings do not negate the distinctive challenges in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship faced by AYAs.
Effectiveness of artificial pancreas in the non-adult population: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Vasilios Karageorgiou, Theodoros G. Papaioannou, Ioannis Bellos, Krystallenia Alexandraki, Nikolaos Tentolouris, Christodoulos Stefanadis, George P. Chrousos, Dimitrios Tousoulis
Journal: Metabolism (2018)
Larotrectinib efficacy and safety in TRK fusion cancer: An expanded clinical dataset showing consistency in an age and tumor agnostic approach
Authors: U.N. Lassen, C.M. Albert, S. Kummar, C.M. van Tilburg, S.G. Dubois, B. Geoerger, L. Mascarenhas, N. Federman, R.J. Schilder, F. Doz, J.D. Berlin, D.-Y. Oh, S.S. Bielack, R. McDermott, D.S. Tan, S. Cruickshank, N.C. Ku, M.C. Cox, A. Drilon, D.S. Hong
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Neurocognitive and Hormonal Correlates of Voluntary Weight Loss in Humans
Authors: Selin Neseliler, Wen Hu, Kevin Larcher, Maria Zacchia, Mahsa Dadar, Stephanie G. Scala, Marie Lamarche, Yashar Zeighami, Stephen C. Stotland, Maurice Larocque, Errol B. Marliss, Alain Dagher
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2018)
P3.CR-27 Surgical Treatment of a Rare Case of Mediastinal Masson's Tumor Mimicking a Thymoma
Authors: A. De Palma, M. Lorusso, G. De Iaco, O. Pizzuto, G. Garofalo, A. Fiorella, E. Maiolino, G. Nex, M. Schiavone, A. Cimmino, R. Quercia
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2018)
GW29-e0046 High-salt diet increases ghrelin-expressing cells in stomach a novel mechanism of obesity
Authors: Fuqiang Liu, Ronghuai Zhang, Shuang Shi, Yujie Xing, Ling Zhu, Qingyu Wang, Weifeng Tian, Gongchang Guan, Junkui Wang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Recording of Diabetes on Death Certificates of Decedents With Type 1 Diabetes in DCCT/EDIC
Authors: Laura N. McEwen, Pearl G. Lee, Jye-Yu C. Backlund, Catherine L. Martin, William H. Herman
Journal: Diabetes Care (2018)

Diabetes is frequently not recorded on the death certificates of decedents with type 2 diabetes (1). Less is known about the recording of diabetes for decedents with type 1 diabetes (2–4). We describe the recording of diabetes on death certificates for decedents with type 1 diabetes who participated in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) (ClinicalTrials.gov reg. nos. NCT00360815 and NCT00360893, respectively).

We investigated whether the word(s) “diabetes,” “diabetes mellitus,” “type 1 diabetes,” “type 2 diabetes,” or their abbreviations appeared as the underlying cause of death (last listed cause of death in part I of the death certificate) or anywhere on the death certificate. We defined end-stage renal disease, chronic renal failure, and diabetic ketoacidosis as diabetes-related underlying causes of death. Covariates included age and duration of diabetes at death, sex, race/ethnicity, education, last recorded treatment group, BMI, and smoking status at baseline. Study coordinators at each DCCT/EDIC site determined whether the person who signed the death certificate was the decedent’s primary care physician (PCP). The t test and χ2 test were used to identify variables associated with recording diabetes.

By April 2016, 134 DCCT/EDIC participants had died. Death certificates were available for 95 (71%), and 91 recorded a cause of death. The characteristics of the 43 decedents without death certificates did not differ from the 91 with death certificates that recorded a cause of death. The …
Neoadjuvant therapy for esophageal adenocarcinoma: A propensity score-matched comparison of paclitaxel and carboplatin chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin and 5-fluoruracil-based chemo- or chemoradiotherapy
Authors: A.P. Barbour, S. Brosda, B. Wijnhoven, S. van Hootgem, J.J.B. Lanschot, S. Barbour, S. Lagarde, L. Krause, D. Pryor, J. Thomas, E.T. Walpole, A. van der Gaast, M. Smithers
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Abstract 17973: Leveraging Machine Learning Techniques to Forecast Patient Prognosis After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Conor Senecal, Chad J Zack, Yaron Kinar, Yoav Bar-Sinai, Yaakov Metzger, Gabi Hilevitz, Amir Lerman, Rajiv Gulati
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Contemporary risk models for event prediction after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have limited predictive ability. Machine learning (ML) methods have the potential to ident...
Venetoclax in a Patient with a Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic-Cell Neoplasm
Authors: Mounzer E Agha, Sara A Monaghan, Steven H Swerdlow
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic-Cell Neoplasm A patient with a rare, aggressive, blastic plasmacytoid dendritic-cell neoplasm had tumor cells overexpressing BCL2 and had a response with a durable re...
EGFR-TKIs can overcome prognostic disadvantage of emergent SREs at the first visit in lung cancer patients
Authors: Kei Kunimasa, Yasuyuki Arai, Kazuya Oshima, Yoshinori Imura, Masahiro Morimoto, Kentaro Wada, Madoka Kimura, Takako Inoue, Motohiro Tamiya, Kazumi Nishino, Toru Kumagai, Norifumi Naka, Teruki Teshima, Fumio Imamura
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Leave no one behind: response to new evidence and guidelines for the management of cryptococcal meningitis in low-income and middle-income countries
Authors: Angela Loyse, Jessica Burry, Jennifer Cohn, Nathan Ford, Tom Chiller, Isabela Ribeiro, Sinata Koulla-Shiro, Janneth Mghamba, Angela Ramadhani, Rose Nyirenda, Sani H Aliyu, Douglas Wilson, Thuy Le, Rita Oladele, Sokoine Lesikari, Conrad Muzoora, Newton Kalata, Elvis Temfack, Yacouba Mapoure, Victor Sini, Duncan Chanda, Meshack Shimwela, Shabir Lakhi, Jonathon Ngoma, Lilian Gondwe-Chunda, Chase Perfect, Amir Shroufi, Isabelle Andrieux-Meyer, Adrienne Chan, Charlotte Schutz, Mina Hosseinipour, Charles Van der Horst, Jeffrey D Klausner, David R Boulware, Robert Heyderman, David Lalloo, Jeremy Day, Joseph N Jarvis, Marcio Rodrigues, Shabbar Jaffar, David Denning, Chantal Migone, Megan Doherty, Olivier Lortholary, Françoise Dromer, Muirgen Stack, Síle F Molloy, Tihana Bicanic, Joep van Oosterhout, Peter Mwaba, Cecilia Kanyama, Charles Kouanfack, Sayoki Mfinanga, Nelesh Govender, Thomas S Harrison
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2018)
First-in-human, first-in-class study of the CD44v6 inhibitor AMC303 as monotherapy in patients with advanced epithelial tumors
Authors: E. Calvo, P.G. Aftimos, A. Azaro, M.J. de Miguel, C. Jungels, J. Zeron-Medina Cuairan, P.G. Nuciforo, P. Ehmer, A. Martin, H.K. Bender, K. Dembowsky
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)