tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 2050: Differential Effects of Natriuretic Peptides on Arterial and Venous Coronary Artery Bypass Conduits
Authors: Hao Nguyen, Amit Korach, Chey Collura, Ben Eskenazi, Oz M Shapira
Journal: Circulation (2007)

Background: Long-term patency of arterial grafts used for coronary bypass grafting (CABG) is superior to that of venous grafts. Natriuretic peptides (NP’s) have a major role in vascular homeostasis. We characterized the effects of NP’s and their receptors (NPR) in commonly used CABG conduits. Methods: The relaxation and tissue levels of cGMP in response to 3 NP’s (ANP, BNP and CNP) were assessed in pre-contracted segments of internal mammary artery (IMA), radial artery (RA) and saphenous vein (SV) obtained from the same patients (n=12) in the absence/presence of the LY83583 (Guanylyl Cyclase inhibitor) or L-NAME (Nitric Oxide synthase inhibitor). NPR expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results: Results are summarized in the Tables . Maximal relaxation of the IMA and RA to ANP, BNP and CNP were similar and greater than SV, correlating with increased tissue levels of cAMP in both arterial conduits. Relaxation response to all 3 NP’s were nearly abolished in the presence of LY83583. Exposure of the conduits to L-NAME resulted in only a modest blunting of the relaxation response to the NP’s. NPR-A, NPR-B and NPR-C were strongly expressed in both the endolethium and vascular smooth muscle layer of the IMA and RA and significantly less in SV. Conclusion: NP’s are potent vasodilators of the IMA and RA but not the SV. The relaxation response is mediated via NPRs/cGMP and the Nitric Oxide systems. These observations provide additional insight into the potential physiological mechanisms underlying the superior patency of arterial conduits and may form a basis for potential therapeutic interventions aimed to improve vein grafts performance. Vessel Relaxation Response to NP’s Tissue cGMP levels in response to NP’s and NPR Protein Expression
Alpha1-antitrypsin augmentation therapy is associated with an improvement in liver-related parameters in patientes with severe alpha1-antitrypsin-deficiency
Authors: C.V. Heimes, K. Hamesch, M. Mandorfer, L.S. Moeller, M.C. Reichert, V. Woditsch, J. Voss, C. Lindhauer, S. Janciauskiene, F. Lammert, M. Trauner, A. Krag, C. Trautwein, P. Strnad
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Complement and the Regulation of T Cell Responses
Authors: Erin E. West, Martin Kolev, Claudia Kemper
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2018)

The complement system is an evolutionarily ancient key component of innate immunity required for the detection and removal of invading pathogens. It was discovered more than 100 years ago and was originally defined as a liver-derived, blood-circulating sentinel system that classically mediates the opsonization and lytic killing of dangerous microbes and the initiation of the general inflammatory reaction. More recently, complement has also emerged as a critical player in adaptive immunity via its ability to instruct both B and T cell responses. In particular, work on the impact of complement on T cell responses led to the surprising discoveries that the complement system also functions within cells and is involved in regulating basic cellular processes, predominantly those of metabolic nature. Here, we review current knowledge about complement's role in T cell biology, with a focus on the novel intracellular and noncanonical activities of this ancient system.
Effect of Coaching to Increase Water Intake on Kidney Function Decline in Adults With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: William F. Clark, Jessica M. Sontrop, Shih-Han Huang, Kerri Gallo, Louise Moist, Andrew A. House, Meaghan S. Cuerden, Matthew A. Weir, Amit Bagga, Scott Brimble, Andrew Burke, Norman Muirhead, Sanjay Pandeya, Amit X. Garg
Journal: JAMA (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> In observational studies, increased water intake is associated with better kidney function. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine the effect of coaching to increase water intake on kidney function in adults with chronic kidney disease. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> The CKD WIT (Chronic Kidney Disease Water Intake Trial) randomized clinical trial was conducted in 9 centers in Ontario, Canada, from 2013 until 2017 (last day of follow-up, May 25, 2017). Patients had stage 3 chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 30-60 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>and microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria) and a 24-hour urine volume of less than 3.0 L. <h3>Interventions</h3> Patients in the hydration group (n = 316) were coached to drink more water, and those in the control group (n = 315) were coached to maintain usual intake. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome was change in kidney function (eGFR from baseline to 12 months). Secondary outcomes included 1-year change in plasma copeptin concentration, creatinine clearance, 24-hour urine albumin, and patient-reported overall quality of health (0 [worst possible] to 10 [best possible]). <h3>Results</h3> Of 631 randomized patients (mean age, 65.0 years; men, 63.4%; mean eGFR, 43 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>; median urine albumin, 123 mg/d), 12 died (hydration group [n = 5]; control group [n = 7]). Among 590 survivors with 1-year follow-up measurements (95% of 619), the mean change in 24-hour urine volume was 0.6 L per day higher in the hydration group (95% CI, 0.5 to 0.7;<i>P</i> &lt; .001). The mean change in eGFR was −2.2 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>in the hydration group and −1.9 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>in the control group (adjusted between-group difference, −0.3 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>[95% CI, −1.8 to 1.2;<i>P</i> = .74]). The mean between-group differences (hydration vs control) in secondary outcomes were as follows: plasma copeptin, −2.2 pmol/L (95% CI, −3.9 to −0.5;<i>P</i> = .01); creatinine clearance, 3.6 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>(95% CI, 0.8 to 6.4;<i>P</i> = .01); urine albumin, 7 mg per day (95% CI, −4 to 51;<i>P</i> = .11); and quality of health, 0.2 points (95% CI, −0.3 to 0.3;<i>P</i> = .22). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Among adults with chronic kidney disease, coaching to increase water intake compared with coaching to maintain the same water intake did not significantly slow the decline in kidney function after 1 year. However, the study may have been underpowered to detect a clinically important difference. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT01766687.
The antidiarrheal efficacy of a proprietary amino acid mixture in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine patients.
Authors: Aman Chauhan, Rachel C Miller, Qian Yu, Bilal Aslam, Heidi Weiss, Lowell Brian Anthony
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

509 Background: Based on SEER database, gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor incidence has increased 6 fold from 1 in 100,000 cases to about 6 in 100,000 cases over past 3 decades. North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society estimates that over 100,000 GEPNET patients are currently living in the United States. One of the common quality of life limiting symptom seen in GEPNET patient is diarrhea. Diarrhea in these patients could be due to excessive serotonin production, secondary to post-operative short gut syndrome, steatorrhea from somatostatin analogs, bile acid colitis or intestinal bacterial overgrowth. A novel amino acid based oral rehydration solution (Enterade) is currently being evaluated in a Phase II clinical trial for antidiarrheal effects in post bone marrow transplant patients (NCT02919670). We conducted a pilot study of Enterade in neuroendocrine tumor patients with quality of life limiting diarrhea to evaluate its antidiarrheal efficacy. Methods: Medical records of all the GEPNET patients treated with Enterade for symptomatic diarrhea were evaluated. Patients were treated at Markey cancer center between May 2017-August 2017. Results: Total 8 patients were treated with Enterade. Five were small bowel NETs and 3 were pancreatic NETs. Five patients had prior bowel resections for removal of primary tumor; 5 patients were on somatostatin analogs at the time of initiation of Enterade. Five (62%) patients reported improvement in diarrhea within 6 days of initiating Enterade. The responders had 50 % reduction in their stool output. Mean stools dropped from 6 per day to 3 per day in responders. Conclusions: These pilot data suggest that Enterade may be an effective option in diarrhea control in NET patients. A prospective Phase II study of Enterade in gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumor patients with quality of life limiting diarrhea is planned.
Fabrication of nanofibrous microcarriers mimicking extracellular matrix for functional microtissue formation and cartilage regeneration
Authors: Yansen Wang, Xueling Yuan, Kun Yu, Haoye Meng, Yudong Zheng, Jiang Peng, Shibi Lu, Xiaotong Liu, Yajie Xie, Kun Qiao
Journal: Biomaterials (2018)
Dysphagia and a rash
Authors: Michael McFarlane, Ben Disney
Journal: BMJ (2018)

A 58 year old man presented with a six week history of muscle weakness, dysphagia, and a symmetrical widespread rash on the face, torso, limbs, and hands (fig 1). His creatine kinase was 7070 u/L (reference range 30-175). An oesophagogastroduodenoscopy showed abnormal findings, and a positron emission computed tomography (PET CT) scan was arranged (fig 2). What are this man’s dermatological and oesophageal diagnoses?



Fig 1 
Dorsum of the patient’s right hand





Fig 2 
PET CT image



Gottren’s papules (fig 1) suggest acute dermatomyositis, and the high uptake of fluorodeoxyglucose in the mid oesophagus (fig 2) suggests oesophageal …
Experimental Evolution of Yeast for High-Temperature Tolerance
Authors: Chih-Jen Huang, Mei-Yeh Lu, Ya-Wen Chang, Wen-Hsiung Li
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2018)

Thermotolerance is a polygenic trait that contributes to cell survival and growth under unusually high temperatures. Although some genes associated with high-temperature growth (Htg+) have been identified, how cells accumulate mutations to achieve prolonged thermotolerance is still mysterious. Here, we conducted experimental evolution of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae laboratory strain with stepwise temperature increases for it to grow at 42 °C. Whole genome resequencing of 14 evolved strains and the parental strain revealed a total of 153 mutations in the evolved strains, including single nucleotide variants, small INDELs, and segmental duplication/deletion events. Some mutations persisted from an intermediate temperature to 42 °C, so they might be Htg+ mutations. Functional categorization of mutations revealed enrichment of exonic mutations in the SWI/SNF complex and F-type ATPase, pointing to their involvement in high-temperature tolerance. In addition, multiple mutations were found in a general stress-associated signal transduction network consisting of Hog1 mediated pathway, RAS-cAMP pathway, and Rho1-Pkc1 mediated cell wall integrity pathway, implying that cells can achieve Htg+ partly through modifying existing stress regulatory mechanisms. Using pooled segregant analysis of five Htg+ phenotype-orientated pools, we inferred causative mutations for growth at 42 °C and identified those mutations with stronger impacts on the phenotype. Finally, we experimentally validated a number of the candidate Htg+ mutations. This study increased our understanding of the genetic basis of yeast tolerance to high temperature.
An approach to hip pain in a young adult
Authors: Alastair G Dick, Jonathan M Houghton, Marcus J K Bankes
Journal: BMJ (2018)

### What you need to know

Hip pain in young adults is not normal and can be severe and disabling, affecting work, parenting, and leisure activities.12 The causes of hip pain in young adults (aged 16-50) tend to receive less attention than those in children (including Perthes’ disease, slipped capital femoral epiphysis, and septic arthritis) and in older patients (usually osteoarthritis). Imaging studies might not reveal an underlying problem, even where the patient’s symptoms are a consequence of clinically significant pathology.

Research has improved understanding of the causes of hip pain in young adults, including femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAI) and dysplasia of the hip, and has identified new treatments, although evidence is still limited.34 Importantly, both FAI and hip dysplasia are treatable causes of hip pain in young adults.456 This Practice Pointer aims to help the non-specialist evaluate young adults presenting with hip pain, and provides an update on common young adult hip pathologies.

Hip problems in young adults can be considered as problems within the joint itself …
A novel peptide ligand RAP12 of LRP1 for glioma targeted drug delivery
Authors: Huitong Ruan, Zhilan Chai, Qing Shen, Xishan Chen, Bingxia Su, Cao Xie, Changyou Zhan, Shengyu Yao, Huan Wang, Mingfei Zhang, Man Ying, Weiyue Lu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2018)
The Puzzle of HIV Neutral and Selective Evolution
Authors: Thomas Leitner
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2018)

HIV is one of the fastest evolving organisms known. It evolves about 1 million times faster than its host, humans. Because HIV establishes chronic infections, with continuous evolution, its divergence within a single infected human surpasses the divergence of the entire humanoid history. Yet, it is still the same virus, infecting the same cell types and using the same replication machinery year after year. Hence, one would think that most mutations that HIV accumulates are neutral. But the picture is more complicated than that. HIV evolution is also a clear example of strong positive selection, that is, mutants have a survival advantage. How do these facts come together?
The efficacy of paritaprevir/ritonavir/ombitasvir + dasabuvir and ledipasvir/sofosbuvir is similar in patients who failed interferon-based treatment with first generation protease inhibitors
Authors: E. Janczewska, R. Flisiak, D. Zarebska-Michaluk, P. Arkadiusz, A. Staniaszek, A. Gietka, W. Mazur, M. Tudrujek, K. Tomasiewicz, T. Belica-Wdowik, B. Baka-Cwierz, D. Dybowska, W. Halota, B. Lorenc, M. Sitko, A. Garlicki, H. Berak, H. Andrzej, I. Orłowska, S. Krzysztof, Ł. Socha, M. Wawrzynowicz-Syczewska, J. Jaroszewicz, D. Zbigniew, A. Czauż-Andrzejuk, J. Citko, R. Krygier, A. Piekarska, Ł. Laurans, B. Dobracka, J. Bialkowska-Warzecha, T. Olga, M. Pawłowska
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Novel PET and Near Infrared Imaging Probes for the Specific Detection of Bacterial Infections Associated With Cardiac Devices
Authors: Kiyoko Takemiya, Xinghai Ning, Wonewoo Seo, Xiaojian Wang, Rafi Mohammad, Giji Joseph, Jane S Titterington, Colleen S Kraft, Jonathan A Nye, Niren Murthy, Mark M Goodman, W Robert Taylor
Journal: JACC. Cardiovascular imaging (2018)
Patient‐Specific Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
Authors: Negar Faramarzi, Iman K. Yazdi, Mahboubeh Nabavinia, Andrea Gemma, Adele Fanelli, Andrea Caizzone, Leon M. Ptaszek, Indranil Sinha, Ali Khademhosseini, Jeremy N. Ruskin, Ali Tamayol
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2018)

Bioprinting has emerged as a promising tool in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Various 3D printing strategies have been developed to enable bioprinting of various biopolymers and hydrogels. However, the incorporation of biological factors has not been well explored. As the importance of personalized medicine is becoming more clear, the need for the development of bioinks containing autologous/patient-specific biological factors for tissue engineering applications becomes more evident. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is used as a patient-specific source of autologous growth factors that can be easily incorporated to hydrogels and printed into 3D constructs. PRP contains a cocktail of growth factors enhancing angiogenesis, stem cell recruitment, and tissue regeneration. Here, the development of an alginate-based bioink that can be printed and crosslinked upon implantation through exposure to native calcium ions is reported. This platform can be used for the controlled release of PRP-associated growth factors which may ultimately enhance vascularization and stem cell migration.
DRESS cases included in the Spanish and Latin-American DILI registries: clinical phenotype and outcome
Authors: I. Medina-Caliz, M. Almarza, C. Stephens, M. Robles-Díaz, J. Sanabria-Cabrera, A. Gonzalez-Jimenez, Rocío Sanjuan-Jimenez, A. Ortega-Alonso, M.G. Cortes, B. García-Muñoz, M. Quiros-Cano, F. Martin-Reyes, A. Cueto, M. Fernández, P. Ginès, M.R. Gomez, G. Soriano, M. Prieto, I. Conde, F. Bessone, N. Hernandez, M. Arrese, M. Cabello, M.I. Lucena, R.J. Andrade
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
P315Study of the induction and characteristics of ventricular fibrillation in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome
Authors: C J Calvo, O J Arias-Mutis, L Such-Miquel, A Tormos, A Guill, L Such, A Alberola, F J Chorro, M Zarzoso
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)

Background/Introduction: Pathophysiological processes as cardiac overload or dyssynchronic contraction produces mechanical stretch that is an arrhythmogenic factor.Stretch can induce an increase in Naþ influx into myocytes related to an activation of the Naþ/Hþ and reverse mode of the Naþ/Ca2þ exchangers, increasing intracellular Ca2þ and giving rise to detrimental electrophysiological changes.Eleclazine, a selective inhibitor of INaL, could prevent these effects taking in account that this current is associated to the intracellular Ca2þ increase due to stretch.Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate, by the ventricular fibrillation (VF) spectral analysis, whether eleclazine prevents some arrhythmogenic electrophysiological effects due to acute ventricular local stretch.Methods: In twelve Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts VF recordings were obtained using epicardial multiple electrodes on the left ventricle free wall under control conditions and during perfusion of different concentrations of eleclazine (0.35, 0.7 and 1.4 mM).VF was induced by pacing at increasing frequencies, without interrupting coronary perfusion.After the induction of VF, stretch was produced by an "ad hoc" device introduced to the left ventricle and maintained for three minutes.Dominant frequency (DF) of VF and spectral concentration (SpC) were determined using spectral techniques.A two-factor ANOVA test was used and significance was reached when p<0.05.Results: Myocardial stretch significantly increased DF with respect to pre-stretch values in control conditions (12.9 6 3.4 vs. 16.7 6 4.6 Hz) and also during the eleclazine perfusion at the concentrations 0.35 lM (12.6 6 3.7 vs. 15.0 6 3.6 Hz) and 0.7 lM (11.9 6 2.1 vs. 14.0 6 2.6 Hz), but not at 1.4 lM (11.8 6 4.8 vs. 12.16 3.0 Hz, ns).The magnitude of the stretch-induced increment in DF under 1.4 lM eleclazine was significantly lower than in control conditions (control: 32.3 %, 1.4 lM: 10.5 %).The significant stretch-induced decrease in SpC in control conditions (31.2 6 10.8 vs. 22.4 6 4.7 %) was also observed under 0.35 lM eleclazine effects (30.1 6 8.8 vs. 23.2 6 6.0 %), whereas the highest concentrations of drug prevented this reduction (0.7 lM: 28.1 6 6.9 vs. 24.6 6 5.2 %, ns; 1.4 lM: 33.5 6 10.9 vs. 40.1 6 16.2 %, ns).Moreover, during stretch, arrhythmia regularity and organization, evaluated by SpC, was greater under 1.4 lM eleclazine than in control conditions (control: 22.4 6 4.7 %; 1.4 lM: 40.1 6 16.2 %). Conclusion:The accelerating and disorganizing effects on ventricular activation during the arrhythmia, promoted by acute myocardial stretch, are reduced by the selective late sodium current inhibitor eleclazine.
Public Health Consequences of e-Cigarette Use
Authors: Gideon St. Helen, David L. Eaton
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Six-Year Changes in Physical Activity and the Risk of Incident Heart Failure
Authors: Roberta Florido, Lucia Kwak, Mariana Lazo, Vijay Nambi, Haitham M. Ahmed, Sheila M. Hegde, Gary Gerstenblith, Roger S. Blumenthal, Christie M. Ballantyne, Elizabeth Selvin, Aaron R. Folsom, Josef Coresh, Chiadi E. Ndumele
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Higher physical activity (PA) is associated with lower heart failure (HF) risk; however, the effect of changes in PA on HF risk is unknown. Methods: We evaluated 11 351 ARIC study (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) participants (mean age 60 years) who attended visit 3 (1993–1995) and did not have a history of cardiovascular disease. Exercise PA was assessed using a modified Baecke questionnaire and categorized according to American Heart Association guidelines as recommended, intermediate, or poor. We used Cox regression models to characterize the association of 6-year changes in PA between the first (1987–1989) and third ARIC visits and HF risk. Results: During a median of 19 years of follow-up, 1750 HF events occurred. Compared with those with poor activity at both visits, the lowest HF risk was seen for those with persistently recommended activity (hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.60–0.80). However, those whose PA increased from poor to recommended also had reduced HF risk (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% confidence interval 0.63–0.93). Among participants with poor baseline activity, each 1 SD higher PA at 6 years (512.5 METS*minutes/week, corresponding to ≈30 minutes of brisk walking 4 times per week) was associated with significantly lower future HF risk (hazard ratio, 0.89, 95% confidence interval, 0.82–0.96). Conclusions: Although maintaining recommended activity levels is associated with the lowest HF risk, initiating and increasing PA, even in late middle age, are also linked to lower HF risk. Augmenting PA may be an important component of strategies to prevent HF.
What’s hot that the other lot got
Authors: Mamta Ruparel
Journal: Thorax (2018)

Lung cancer screening has the potential to save lives, though optimum methods for implementation in a cost-effective manner are yet to be determined. The PANCAN study ( Lancet Oncol 2017;18:1523–31) was the first screening study that used a lung cancer risk prediction algorithm to determine entry into screening. This single-arm prospective study recruited 2537 individuals aged 50–75 with a 2% 6-year risk of lung cancer as calculated by the ‘PANCAN’ risk prediction model, a precursor to the PLCOm2012 model. The investigators report a higher incidence of lung cancers (6.5%) compared with the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST, 4%; P 1 mm (n=85) and supports the use …