tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Future Strategies on Glioma Research: From Big Data to the Clinic
Authors: Hang Cao, Feiyifan Wang, Xue-Jun Li
Journal: Genomics Proteomics & Bioinformatics (2017)

Glioma, as the most common and aggressive malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumor with generally poor prognosis, has been attracting much attention in the last decade [1].Temozolomide was firstly available in the United States in 1999 as a chemotherapy drug for treating brain cancers and remains as the first-line treatment for glioma.The World Health Organization (WHO) classified glioma into four main grades according to the degree of malignancy in 2007, which were updated in 2016 with the introduction of significant molecular alternations.Also in 2016, the Chinese Glioma Cooperative Group (CGCG) published the first guideline for adult diffuse gliomas [2], representing the only national consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of adult gliomas up till now.Up till now, hundreds of clinical trials targeted specifically on glioma had been conducted, which unfortunately have not led to a radical improvement in the dismal prognosis of gliomas.Future strategies for glioma research became clear with the establishment of Glioblastoma Multiforme Adaptive Global Innovative Learning Environment (GBM AGILE) and radiomics-associated glioma heterogeneity quantification, as well as development in cancer computational biology and other precision medicine-based GBM studies.The major
PTH-013 Retrospective study on oesophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection stricture in a regional tertiary referral centre
Authors: BPM Yeung, PWY Chiu
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

<h3>Introduction</h3> In the East, oesophageal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been adopted as the preferred treatment for oesophageal squamous high grade dysplasia (HGD) and early oesophageal cancer. We aim to assess the post oesophageal ESD stricture rate and its subsequent management in a regional tertiary referral centre. <h3>Method</h3> Retrospective study from 01/01/2009 to 31/06/2016. Data was obtained from local database in a tertiary teaching hospital in Hong Kong, China. Demographics, diagnosis, endoscopic findings and subsequent management were analysed. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 30 (23M:7F) oesophageal ESD were performed during the study period. The mean age was 66.5 years (SD 9.5y). The mean follow-up period was 947 days (SD 757d). 17 (56.7%) ESD was performed for squamous HGD; 8 (26.7%) for squamous cell carcinoma and 5 (16.6%) for leiomyoma of the oesophagus. The mean specimen maximum dimension was 35.8 mm (SD 15.5 mm) and the mean specimen minimum dimension was 25.3 mm (SD 12.0 mm). The mean specimen area was 947.1 mm<sup>2</sup>(SD757.6mm<sup>2</sup>). The overall stricture rate was 30.0% (9/30). The mean number of days taken to achieve endoscopic diagnosis of stricture was 33 days. ESD &gt;3/4 of circumference (AUROC 0.754 (0.537–0.971) p=0.03), maximum specimen diameter (AUROC 0.865 (0.712–1) p=0.002), specimen area (AUROC 0.780 (0.577–0.984) p=0.016) were predictors of stricture formation. Using 34.5 mm as a cut off for specimen maximum diameter, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting stricture formation was 88.9% and 61.9% respectively. Using specimen area of 1143mm<sup>2</sup> as a cut off, the sensitivity and specificity for predicting stricture formation was 66.7% and 85.7% respectively. Post ESD endoscopy number was significantly higher in patients with post ESD stricture; 9 vs 3 p=0.004. 8 (88.9%) of the 9 strictures were resolved at the time of follow-up. The mean number of endoscopic interventions required was 8 (SD 7.2). All patients required dilatation while 2 patients had additional triamcinolone injection and 1 had additional temporary stenting. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Post oesophageal ESD stricture is common and its incidence increases with large size ESD. Although strictures lead to significantly increase in the number of endoscopic intervention, the vast majority of strictures resolves with standard endoscopic therapies. Further research is required to prevent post ESD strictures. <h3>Reference</h3> . Kobayashi S, et al. Prevention of esophageal strictures after endoscopic submucosal dissection. World J Gastroenterol. 2014; 20(31): 15098–15109. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
PTH-037 Timing of endoscopy in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (augib). are we jumping the gun?
Authors: J Schembri, M Thoufeeq
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

<h3>Introduction</h3> AUGIB is a common medical emergency with a mortality rate that has only improved modestly over recent years. Current guidelines advise early endoscopy within 24 hours for all cases of nonvariceal AUGIB and several studies have looked at the role of very early endoscopy as an effort to improve outcomes. <h3>Method</h3> We conducted a retrospective review of all AUGIB cases who underwent endoscopy at Sheffield teaching hospitals over a 1 year period (Apr 2015-Mar 2016). Time to endoscopy was calculated from admission (or referral in the case of inpatients) and patients with a pre-endoscopy Rockall≥4 were categorised as high risk. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 444 urgent endoscopies for suspected AUGIB were performed. Mean age was 66.6 years (95% CI±1.8). 47.3%(n=210) of procedures were on inpatients, 35.1%(n=156) had a negative endoscopy and 28.2%(n=125) required endotherapy. Overall 30 day mortality rate was 11.7%(n=47). Timing of endoscopy did not influence outcomes including need for further intervention, rebleeding rates or mortality. However patients who underwent endoscopy within 24 hours were more likely to require a blood transfusion (Table 1). <h3>Conclusion</h3> The higher need for transfusion in patients who underwent early endoscopy reflects the lower Haemoglobin levels in this group. Whether the severity of the anaemia impacted on the timing of endoscopy is difficult to determine from this retrospective study. From our experience unless urgent endotherapy is required for haemostasis of active bleeding, timing of endoscopy in AUGIB has little impact on patient outcomes. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None Declared
Abstract 14994: Inactivation of α2-Antiplasmin Promotes Thrombus Dissolution in Humans: Preliminary Results of the Novel α2-Antiplasmin Inactivation for Lysis of Intravascular Thrombi (NAIL-IT) Trial
Authors: Guy Reed, Paul Kussie, Karen Lee, Tieqiang Zhao, Arnold Postlethwaite, Andrew Kang
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: The resistance of pathologic thrombi to dissolution contributes to death and disability in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Plasminogen activator therapy overcomes thrombu...
04.17 Tnf<sup>Δ</sup><sup>are/+</sup>: a multimorbidity model of spondyloarthropathies
Authors: Maria C Denis, Niki Karagianni, German Mouse Clinic Consortium, Helmut Fuchs, Valerie Galius-Durner, Martin Hrabě de Angelis, Lydia Ntari, Maria Sakkou, George Kollias
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Spondyloarthropathies are a group of joint-related diseases with burden extending to multiple organs. Co-existing conditions have a major impact on the course and outcome of the disease complicating its diagnosis and management. Patients with spondyloarthropathies have two or more comorbidities including inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, cardiovascular disease, uveitis, and osteoporosis. In studying these pathologies and for the evaluation of novel therapeutic approaches, it is critical to carefully choose the animal model that closely reflects the complexity of the respective human pathology. We now use the identification of key cellular and molecular drivers. We have now revisited the TNF<sup>ΔARE</sup> mouse, a well-established model of spondyloarthropathies, to investigate the extent of comorbid pathologies and identify the molecular and cellular pathways underlying pathogenesis in this animal model. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> The TNF<sup>ΔARE/+</sup> mouse model expresses de-regulated TNF resulting in the spontaneous development of chronic inflammatory joint and intestinal disease that are characteristic of spondyloarthropathies. The translational value of this mouse model has been established over the years through comprehensive studies on the pathogenic role of TNF as well as through the identification of key cellular and molecular drivers. We have now revisited the TNF<sup>ΔARE/+</sup> mouse model to uncover previously unidentified co-developing pathologies. To this end, we have carried out a targeted phenotypic screening of TNF<sup>ΔARE/+</sup> animals and a broad systematic phenotyping of these mice at the German Mouse Clinic. <h3>Results</h3> Targeted phenotyping revealed that TNF<sup>ΔARE/+</sup> mice, in addition to arthritis and Crohn's-like IBD, develop aortic valve disease, salivary gland inflammation and inflammation of the periodontium. Systematic phenotyping revealed deviations in the behaviour, neurology, eye morphology and function, nociception, clinical chemistry and allergic responses of these animals along with pathological findings in kidneys and lungs. Some of these pathologies appear to share common TNF-dependent molecular and cellular mechanisms with arthritis and IBD, supporting a common aetiopathogenic axis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This work further highlights the translational value of TNF<sup>ΔARE/+</sup> model as it reveals an even higher degree of complexity simulating the RA multisystemic condition that is observed in human patients. This model offers an ideal platform for the study of co-developing pathologies as well as the evaluation of novel therapeutics targeting multiple manifestations of spondyloarthropathies-related comorbidities.
08.26 The prevalence of acpa is lower in rheumatoid arthritis patients with a higher age of onset but the composition of the acpa response appears identical
Authors: Debbie M Boeters, Lukas Mangnus, Sofia Ajeganova, Elisabet Lindqvist, Björn Svensson, René EM Toes, Leendert A Trouw, Francis Berenbaum, Jacques Morel, Solbritt Rantapää-Dahlqvist, Annette HM van der Helm-van Mil
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) beginning at older age differs from younger-onset RA by several clinical characteristics. Existing data on the association between age of onset and prevalence of autoantibodies are conflicting. Therefore this study determined this association in five cohorts. Furthermore, the association between age of onset and characteristics of the anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA)-response was explored. <h3>Materials and methods</h3> 3,321 1987-positive RA-patients included in the Leiden-EAC, BARFOT, ESPOIR, Umeå and Lund cohorts were studied on age at diagnosis and presence of ACPA, rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibodies at disease presentation. Logistic regression analyses were performed and effect sizes were summarised in inverse-weighted meta-analyses. ACPA-level was studied within all cohorts and ACPA-isotypes, ACPA-fine-specificity and ACPA-avidity index and clinical characteristics were studied in the Leiden-EAC. <h3>Results</h3> From the age of fifty onwards, the proportion of ACPA-positive patients decreased with a higher age of onset (OR 0.96 per 1-year increase in age, 95% CI 0.95–0.97). Similar observations were done for RF and anti-CarP. ACPA-level, number of ACPA-isotypes, ACPA-fine-specificity and avidity in ACPA-positive RA-patients were similar in different age-categories. RA-patients older at disease-onset were less often smokers, had higher acute phase reactants and had more often a (sub)acute onset of symptoms. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Characteristics of the ACPA-response in ACPA-positive RA-patients appeared not age-dependent. The proportion of ACPA-negative RA-patients increased with higher age. The associations with clinical features suggest that part of the ACPA-negative RA-patients with onset at higher age have differences in etiopathology. Further biologic studies are needed to promote personalised medicine in RA.
Relationship of Amyloid Infilteation and Renal Disease in Mice
Authors: Dunn, Thelma B.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1944)

Journal Article Relationship of Amyloid Infilteation and Renal Disease in Mice Get access Thelma B. Dunn Thelma B. Dunn research fellow National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 5, Issue 1, August 1944, Pages 17–28, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/5.1.17 Published: 01 August 1944
Excellent Outcomes of Combined Haploidentical and Cord-Blood (Haplo-Cord) Transplantation and HLA-Matched Sibling (Matched-Sib) Donor Transplantation for High-Risk Patients with Severe Aplastic Anemia (SAA) Refractory to Immunosuppressive Therapy
Authors: Enkhtsetseg Purev, Georg Aue, Phuong Vo, Ritesh Kotecha, Jennifer S. Wilder, Emily McDuffy, Brian Wells, Reem Shalabi, Patricia Prince, Sarah Bergerson, Hahn M. Khuu, David Stroncek, Roger Kurlander, Robert N. Reger, Willy Flagel, Sharon Adams, Elena Cho, Tatyana Worthy, Lisa Cook, Catalina Ramos, Jeremy M Pantin, Neal S. Young, Xin Tian, Richard W. Childs
Journal: Blood (2016)
The Action of 2-Amino-5-Azotoluene in the Production of Liver Tumors of Rats and the Behavior of These Tumors in Vitro
Authors: Emmart, Emily W.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1940)

Journal Article The Action of 2-Amino-5-Azotoluene in the Production of Liver Tumors of Rats and the Behavior of These Tumors in Vitro Get access Emily W. Emmart Emily W. Emmart associate cytologist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 1, Issue 2, October 1940, Pages 255–272, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/1.2.255 Published: 01 October 1940
Similitude et diagnostic en endoscopie digestive
Authors: JM Cauvin, C Le Guillou, K Keller, G Norman
Journal: Endoscopy (2004)

Introduction: Le diagnostic médical est assimilé à une tâche complexe de classification selon deux processus parfois jugés antinomiques: le raisonnement hypothético déductif basé sur un savoir théorique et l’approche non analytique basée sur l’expérience et la similitude. L’objectif de ce travail était d’explorer la similitude visuelle en endoscopie digestive. Matériels et Méthodes: Un questionnaire postal a été envoyé à 19 endoscopistes et 7 étudiants en psychologie. Il comportait une planche iconographique de 90 lésions du tube digestif supérieur et 3 images requêtes (1- ésophagite peptique; 2- cancer infiltrant de l’ésophage; 3- antrite varioliforme). Chaque sujet devait sélectionner les images les plus similaires au cas requête et les endoscopistes devaient proposer une hypothèse diagnostique. L’analyse était basée sur la description préalable des images selon 19 caractéristiques élémentaires. Elle comparait par analyse de variance les sélections des étudiants et des endoscopistes, juniors ou seniors, à un simple tirage au sort dans la planche d’images (chance). Résultats: Tous les étudiants et 17 endoscopistes (5 juniors et 12 seniors) ont répondu. Le diagnostic attendu était proposé respectivement 16, 9 et 6 fois pour les cas 1, 2 et 3, sans différence significative entre juniors et seniors. Le choix des images dépendait du cas et de l’expérience. Les résultats des juniors et des seniors étaient proches. Les résultats des étudiants étaient supérieurs à ceux obtenus par chance (Tableau 1). L’effet de la performance diagnostique sur la sélection d’images dépendait ducas. La similitude des réponses avec le cas 2 était plus grande chez les endoscopistes ayant retenu le diagnostic attendu, alors qu’elle ne différait pas significativement pour le cas 3 (Tableau 2). Conclusion: La similitude entre images endoscopiques est perceptible, même pour des non médecins, sur les seules propriétés intrinsèques de l’image. Elle est acquise précocement au cours de l’apprentissage. La conviction diagnostique peut influencer la détection des indices dans l’image. L’aptitude à percevoir la similitude pourrait être exploitée pour concevoir de nouveaux outils d’apprentissage du diagnostic en endoscopie.
Empirical evidence of the public health benefits of tropical forest conservation in Cambodia: a generalised linear mixed-effects model analysis
Authors: Thomas Pienkowski, Borame Lee Dickens, Haoyang Sun, Luis Roman Carrasco
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2017)

Potential synergies between public health and environmental protection that offer new opportunities for achieving health and sustainable development targets have been postulated. However, empirical evidence of the effect of ecosystem degradation and protection on public health outcomes is scarce, which restricts policy makers' ability to assess the net health effects of land-use change.We used generalised linear mixed-effects models to analyse data for 35 547 households in 1766 communities from the Cambodian Demographic Health Surveys to investigate the relation between health and protected areas across deforestation gradients in Cambodia between Feb 1, 2005, and April 30, 2014. Diarrhoea, acute respiratory infection, and fever in children younger than 5 years were used as population health indicators. Dense and mixed forest coverage were derived from Open Development Cambodia, and forest loss was calculated from 2000 to 2004, 2004 to 2009, and 2009 to 2014. The incidence of non-specific illness and injury in people older than 15 years was used as a negative control. Our analyses included rich pseudo-panel data (combining cross-sectional datasets from 2005, 2010, and 2014) that accounted for socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioural characteristics, and had a negative control, approximating a quasi-experimental study design.Deforestation of dense forest was associated with an increased incidence of diarrhoea (p=0·007), fever (p=0·0495), and acute respiratory infection in children (p=0·003). For example, a 10 percentage point increase in loss of dense forest was estimated to be associated with an increase of 14·1% (95% CI 2·6-35·8) in the incidence of diarrhoea in children younger than 5 years per household in the 2 weeks before the Cambodian Demographic Health Surveys. Protected area coverage, but not type, was associated with decreased incidences of diarrhoea (p=0·028) and acute respiratory infection (p=0·030). Apart from an association between mixed forest coverage and increased incidence of diarrhoea, forest coverage was not associated with any health outcomes.Deforestation is associated with increased risk of several major sources of global childhood morbidity and mortality. Although causal mechanisms are unclear, our findings suggest that protected areas could help to alleviate the global health burden, presenting new possibilities for simultaneous achievement of public health and conservation goals.Ministry of Education of Singapore.
SHOULDER INJURIES IN TALENTED, COMPETITIVE SWIMMERS
Authors: Elsbeth van Dorssen, Janine Stubbe
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Background Shoulder injuries are common in swimmers. However, prevalence and risk factors for shoulder injuries in talented, competitive swimmers are unknown. Objective To gain insight in the prevalence and risk factors for shoulder injuries in talented swimmers. Design A prospective cohort study was conducted. Setting Talented, Dutch swimmers, competing at National or International level, swimming at talent or training Centres of the Royal Dutch Swimming Federation. Patients (or Participants) 128 swimmers were included at the start of the study. Five swimmers were excluded due to missing technique data, five swimmers quit their swimming career during the follow-up for different reasons than shoulder injuries. Data of the remaining 118 swimmers were included into the analyses. Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors) At baseline the following swimming technique was recorded during a 200 m race: 1. Maximal forward flexion in the shoulder joint during glide phase; 2. Crossing the vertical midline axis of the swimmers body with the hand during thrust-phase; 3. Dropped elbow (elbow at a lower level than line shoulder-wrist), at hand entry or early pull-through. Furthermore, online questionnaires were send to the participants on a two-weekly basis to record the time-loss shoulder injuries. Main Outcome Measurements A time-loss shoulder injury was defined as: ‘a shoulder complaint occurred as a result of participation in swimming practice or competition, resulted in the restriction of swimmers participation of at least 1 day’. Prevalence and incidence rates were calculated. Results In total, 28,8% of the swimmers sustained a shoulder injury during 1 year. Chi-squared tests showed an association between crossing the midline during thrust-phase and shoulder injuries (p-value=0.03). No significant association was found between the two other swimming techniques and shoulder injuries. Conclusions The prevalence of shoulder injuries is high in talented, competitive swimmers. Crossing the midline during thrust-phase may be a risk factor in developing shoulder pain.
Exosome-based small RNA delivery: Progress and prospects
Authors: Mei Lu, Haonan Xing, Zhe Xun, Tianzhi Yang, Pingtian Ding, Cuifang Cai, Dongkai Wang, Xiaoyun Zhao
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2017)

RNA interfering (RNAi), mediated by small interfering RNAs and microRNAs, is currently one of the most promising tools of gene therapy. Small RNAs are capable of inducing specific post-transcriptional gene silencing, providing a potentially effective platform for the treatment of a wide array of diseases. However, similar to other nucleic acid-based drugs, the major hurdle of RNAi therapy is lack of efficient and non-immunogenic delivery vehicles. Currently, viruses, synthetic polymers, and lipid-based carriers are among the most widely studied vehicles for small RNA delivery. However, many drawbacks are reported to be associated with these delivery vehicles. There is a pressing need to replace them with more efficient and better-tolerated approaches. Exosomes secreted from the endocytic compartment of live cells, are a subtype of endogenous extracellular vesicles that transfer genetic and biochemical information among different cells, thus playing an important role in cell-cell communication. Recently, accumulating attention has been focused on harnessing exosomes as nanaocarriers for small RNAs delivery. Due to their natural role in shuttling endogenous nucleic acid in our body, exosomes may exhibit higher delivery efficiency, lower immunogenicity, and better compatibility than existing foreign RNA carriers. Importantly, exosomes own intrinsic homing capacity that can guide small RNAs across natural membranous barriers. Moreover, such a capacity can be further improved by adding appropriate targeting moieties. In this manuscript, we briefly review the progress and challenges of RNAi therapy, and discuss the potential of exosomes' applications in small RNA delivery with focus on the most recent advances in exosome-based small RNA delivery for disease therapy.
口腔上皮細胞による生物膜破壊と取込のための葉緑体で作られた低コスト蛋白質薬物候補の局所送達【Powered by NICT】
Authors: Liu Yuan, C Kamesh Aditya, Xiao Yuhong, Sun Victor, Hayes Michael, Daniell Henry, Koo Hyun
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)
Corymbiform Lesions in a Young Healthy Man
Authors: Virginia Velasco-Tamariz, José Luis Rodríguez-Peralto, Pablo Ortiz-Romero
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2017)

A young man had asymptomatic cutaneous lesions for 4 months; examination revealed annular red plaques with scale and superficial erosions over the trunk and extremities, and plaques on the arms had a corymbiform pattern with a central and multiple satellite lesions. What is your diagnosis?
The Novel Translocation t(4;15)(q31;q22) in AML Is Associated with a Proliferative Phenotype in the Presence of All-Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA)
Authors: Justin M Watts, Aymee Perez, Fernando Vargas, Yao-Shan Fan, Alejandra Weisman, Ana Rodriguez, Omar Lopez, Francisco Vega, Ronan T Swords, Arthur Zelent
Journal: Blood (2016)