tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
[<sup>18</sup>F]Tetrafluoroborate ([<sup>18</sup>F]TFB) and its analogs for PET imaging of the sodium/iodide symporter
Authors: Huailei Jiang, Timothy R. DeGrado
Journal: Theranostics (2018)

Sodium/iodide symporter (NIS)-mediated iodide uptake in thyroid follicular cells is the basis of clinical utilization of radioiodines.The cloning of the NIS gene enabled applications of NIS as a reporter gene in both preclinical and translational research.Non-invasive NIS imaging with radioactive iodides and iodide analogs has gained much interest in recent years for evaluation of thyroid cancer and NIS reporter expression.Although radioiodines and [ 99m Tc]pertechnetate ([ 99m Tc]TcO 4 -) have been utilized in positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), they may suffer from limitations of availability, undesirable decay properties or imaging sensitivity (SPECT versus PET).Recently, [ 18 F]tetrafluoroborate ([ 18 F]TFB or [ 18 F]BF 4 -) and other fluorine-18 labeled iodide analogs have emerged as a promising iodide analog for PET imaging.These fluorine-18 labeled probes have practical radiosyntheses and biochemical properties that allow them to closely mimic iodide transport by NIS in thyroid, as well as in other NIS-expressing tissues.Unlike radioiodides, they do not undergo organification in thyroid cells, which results in an advantage of relatively lower uptake in normal thyroid tissue.Initial clinical trials of [ 18 F]TFB have been completed in healthy human subjects and thyroid cancer patients.The excellent imaging properties of [ 18 F]TFB for evaluation of NIS-expressing tissues indicate its bright future in PET NIS imaging.This review focuses on the recent evolution of [ 18 F]TFB and other iodide analogs and their potential value in research and clinical practice.
CD8+ cells and glomerular crescent formation: outside-in as well as inside-out
Authors: A. Richard Kitching, Maliha A. Alikhan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2018)

Crescentic glomerulonephritis, a complication of severe immune glomerular injury, is the pathological correlate of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, mediated by both humoral and cellular effectors. In the current issue of the JCI, Chen et al. have implicated Bowman’s capsule in functionally isolating potentially immune effectors, specifically antigen-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes, from podocytes. They suggest that, in crescentic glomerulonephritis, immune-mediated glomerular endothelial injury results in inside-out injury to the glomerulus, with subsequent leukocyte migration through a weakened or ruptured Bowman’s capsule, resulting in outside-in injury. Effector T cells then recognize nephritogenic antigens presented by podocytes or other cells within the urinary space, enhancing injury and crescent formation.
Rheumatoid arthritis: goal should be remission or low disease activity, says NICE
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2018)

The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has changed the treatment goal for adult patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to remission or low disease activity with monthly monitoring until this is achieved.1

The NICE guideline committee said that the new guidance “aims to improve quality of life by ensuring that people with RA have the right treatment to slow the progression of their condition and control their symptoms.”

After reviewing the latest evidence, the committee advised that adults diagnosed with RA should start treatment with a single conventional disease modifying anti-rheumatic …
THE FEASIBILITY OF PARTIALLY COVERED SELF-EXPANDABLE METAL STENT FOR THE BENIGN PYLORIC STRICTURE
Authors: MK Jung
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

The self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) is wildly used for the malignant gastrointestinal obstruction. However, using the SEMS for the benign stricture is not well studied. So this study evaluated the feasibility of partially covered SEMS as an initial treatment method for the benign pyloric stricture.
Cardiac Size and Sex-Matching in Heart Transplantation
Authors: Robert M. Reed, Giora Netzer, Lawrence Hunsicker, Braxton D. Mitchell, Keshava Rajagopal, Steven Scharf, Michael Eberlein
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2014)

This study evaluated whether worsened outcomes in sex mismatch are related to mismatch of organ size in heart transplantation.Sizing for organ allocation in heart transplantation currently incorporates only body weight differences between the donor and recipient. Weight correlates poorly to cardiac size, and donor–recipient weight differences are not associated with differential survival. Heart size correlates with sex, and donor–recipient sex mismatch conveys worse-than-expected outcomes.We performed a retrospective cohort study of 31,634 donor–recipient adult heart transplant pairings from the United Network for Organ Sharing transplantation registry. We used predictive models to calculate the predicted total heart mass (pHM) for recipient and donor pairs. We assessed organ size mismatch by calculating the percent difference between the donor and recipient pHM as [(pHM(recipient) – pHM(donor))/(pHM(recipient))]*100.The most-undersized pHM septile demonstrated higher mortality during the first year post-transplantation (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.27; p < 0.001), which remained robust in adjusted models (HR: 1.25; p = 0.03). Survival did not vary across septiles of weight differences. On univariate analysis, sex mismatch was associated with higher mortality in male patients, but not in female patients. Controlling for differences in pHM reversed these associations. Adjusted models demonstrated worse survival associated with sex mismatch in female patients (1-year HR: 1.28; p = 0.02) but no difference in male patients (1-year HR, 1.00; p = 1.0).Differences in donor–recipient pHM modulated the survival associated with donor–recipient sex mismatch and identified donor heart undersizing as an otherwise occult and potentially preventable cause of mortality following orthotopic heart transplantation.
Disección submucosa endoscópica en lesiones gástricas (DSE-G): resultados a corto plazo. estudio multicéntrico
Authors: JC Marín Gabriel, F Múgica Aguinaga, E Albéniz Urbizu, Ó Nogales Rincón, MG Fernández Esparrach, C Dolz Abadía, A Álvarez Delgado, C Guarner Argente, H Cortés Pérez, A Sánchez Yagüe, F Ramos Zabala
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

La disección submucosa endoscópica (DSE) permite la resección en bloque de neoplasias superficiales en el tracto digestivo. La complejidad de la técnica es inferior en el estómago cuando se compara con la que se realiza en otras localizaciones.
ENDOSCOPIC FULL-THICKNESS RESECTION IN THE COLORECTUM USING THE FTRD: RESULTS FROM A UNIVERSITY TERTIARY REFERRAL CENTER
Authors: F Vitali, A Nägel, J Siebler, MF Neurath, T Rath
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

The full thickness resection device (FTRD) represents a novel endoscopic treatment method for lesions not resectable with conventional endoscopic techniques. Overall aim of this study was to evaluate the technical success and the in toto resection rates, recurrence rates, as well as immediate or late complications in patients that underwent polyp removal with the FTRD.
A novel endoscopic ultrasound-guided through-the-needle microbiopsy procedure improves diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions
Authors: Bojan Kovacevic, Pia Klausen, Jane Preuss Hasselby, John Gásdal Karstensen, Charlotte Vestrup Rift, Evangelos Kalaitzakis, Anders Toxværd, Carsten Palnæs Hansen, Jan Storkholm, Hazem Hassan, Peter Vilmann
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Abstract Background Pancreatic cystic lesions represent a diagnostic dilemma as some may harbor malignancy or have potential for malignant transformation. The aim of this study was to present our experience with a novel endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided microbiopsy procedure enabling procurement of tissue from the wall of the cystic lesion. Methods We collected data from 31 consecutive patients with pancreatic cystic lesions who underwent an EUS-guided microbiopsy procedure at our institution. Records were retrospectively reviewed from a prospectively maintained database. Results The technical success was 87.1 %. Diagnostic yield of microbiopsies was 71.0 %. Microbiopsies offered sufficient tissue for morphological and immunohistochemical characterization of the lesions, as well as determination of grade of dysplasia. Furthermore, evaluation of microbiopsies changed the clinical management in six patients (19.4 %). Three nonsevere adverse events were observed (9.7 %): two cases of mild infection and one case of mild pancreatitis. All three patients recovered completely. Conclusions EUS-guided microbiopsy procedure was technically feasible, with a high diagnostic yield. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these promising results.
Genetic predisposition to B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 14q11.2 is mediated by a CEBPE promoter polymorphism
Authors: James B. Studd, Minjun Yang, Zhenhua Li, Jayaram Vijayakrishnan, Yi Lu, Allen Eng-Juh Yeoh, Kajsa Paulsson, Richard S. Houlston
Journal: Leukemia (2018)

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most common paediatric malignancy. Genome-wide association studies have shown variation at 14q11.2 influences ALL risk. We sought to decipher causal variant(s) at 14q11.2 and the mechanism of tumorigenesis. We show rs2239630 G>A resides in the promoter of the CCAT enhancer-binding protein epsilon (CEBPE) gene. The rs2239630-A risk allele is associated with increased promotor activity and CEBPE expression. Depletion of CEBPE in ALL cells reduces cell growth, correspondingly CEBPE binds to the promoters of electron transport and energy generation genes. RNA-seq in CEBPE depleted cells demonstrates CEBPE regulates the expression of genes involved in B-cell development (IL7R), apoptosis (BCL2), and methotrexate resistance (RASS4L). CEBPE regulated genes significantly overlapped in CEBPE depleted cells, ALL blasts and IGH-CEBPE translocated ALL. This suggests CEBPE regulates a similar set of genes in each, consistent with a common biological mechanism of leukemogenesis for rs2239630 associated and CEBPE translocated ALL. Finally, we map IGH-CEBPE translocation breakpoints in two cases, implicating RAG recombinase activity in their formation.
Capacidad diagnóstica de la endoscopia con luz blanca en la detección de lesiones preneoplásicas gástricas
Authors: LD Cejas Dorta, M Muñoz García-Borruel, A Pedrero García, L Pérez-Méndez, E Berge Garrido, D García Romero, P Borque Barrera, I Redondo Zaera, M San Juan Acosta, S Morales González
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

La gastritis crónica atrófica (GCA), metaplasia intestinal y displasia están asociadas a mayor riesgo de cáncer gástrico.
Experiencia en el tratamiento endoscópico de las estenosis en enfermedad de Crohn en nuestro centro
Authors: L Parapar Álvarez, S Antón García, JM Duque Alcorta, ADR Ríos Ortiz, L Seoane Blanco, C Argüelles Martínez De La Vega
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

La estenosis en la enfermedad de Crohn (EC) es una complicación frecuente, que aparece hasta en un 30% de los pacientes. Su aparición conlleva un mayor riesgo de necesidad de inmunosupresores y de cirugía. Constituyen el motivo más frecuente de resección intestinal en la EC.
Poor quality services are harming global drive to improve healthcare, experts warn
Authors: Adrian O’Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Countries of all income levels are failing to improve the healthcare of their populations by allowing low quality health services to continue, according to three global organisations with an interest in health. A joint report1 from the World Health Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, and the World Bank Group was published on 5 July. It examined how countries were doing at delivering quality health services. The authors warned that poor quality health services were preventing progress on improving health in countries at all income levels. It identified several fundamental problems including:
TORC1 inhibition enhances immune function and reduces infections in the elderly
Authors: Joan B. Mannick, Melody Morris, Hans-Ulrich P. Hockey, Guglielmo Roma, Martin Beibel, Kenneth Kulmatycki, Mollie Watkins, Tea Shavlakadze, Weihua Zhou, Dean Quinn, David J. Glass, Lloyd B. Klickstein
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2018)

Inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) protein kinase extends life span and ameliorates aging-related pathologies including declining immune function in model organisms. The objective of this phase 2a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to determine whether low-dose mTOR inhibitor therapy enhanced immune function and decreased infection rates in 264 elderly subjects given the study drugs for 6 weeks. A low-dose combination of a catalytic (BEZ235) plus an allosteric (RAD001) mTOR inhibitor that selectively inhibits target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) downstream of mTOR was safe and was associated with a significant (P = 0.001) decrease in the rate of infections reported by elderly subjects for a year after study drug initiation. In addition, we observed an up-regulation of antiviral gene expression and an improvement in the response to influenza vaccination in this treatment group. Thus, selective TORC1 inhibition has the potential to improve immune function and reduce infections in the elderly.
Abstract 19522: Spectral Analysis of Baseline Electrocardiogram During Atrial Fibrillation Predicts Response to Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy in Patients With Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Stavros Stavrakis, John W Dyer, Edward Koomson, Benjamin J Scherlag, Bhaskar Bhardwaj, Ralph Lazzara, Sunny S Po
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction:  The response of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) to antiarrhythmic drug therapy is variable and cannot be predicted by clinical characteristics.   Hypothesis:  We aimed to evaluate the ability of power spectral analysis of the baseline ECG during AF to predict the response of persistent AF to antiarrhythmic drug therapy.   Methods:  Patients with persistent AF who were admitted for antiarrhythmic drug (dofetilide or sotalol) loading were prospectively enrolled in the study. Atrial activity was extracted from the ECG using an Independent Component Analysis method, which provides a composite representation of atrial activity. The extracted composite atrial signal was bandpass filtered between 3.5 and 40 Hz. The filtered data were then subjected to a Modified Periodogram, which was computed based on a Fast Fourier Transform. The regularity index was computed as the ratio of the power in the dominant frequency and all its harmonics to the total power in the spectrum. Patients were followed at 1 month, 3 months and every 3 months thereafter.   Results:  Thirty two patients were enrolled in the study. Dofetilide was used in 28 (88%) patients. Fifteen (47%) patients converted spontaneously to sinus rhythm during the 3-day hospital loading period. The clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of patients with and without acute conversion were similar. The regularity index was significantly higher in those who converted to sinus rhythm compared to those who did not (0.71±0.20 vs. 0.38±0.13, respectively; p   Conclusions:  Increased regularity index predicts acute conversion of persistent AF during antiarrhythmic therapy, but does not predict long-term sinus rhythm maintenance.
Scoring of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes: From visual estimation to machine learning
Authors: F. Klauschen, K.-R. Müller, A. Binder, M. Bockmayr, M. Hägele, P. Seegerer, S. Wienert, G. Pruneri, S. de Maria, S. Badve, S. Michiels, T.O. Nielsen, S. Adams, P. Savas, F. Symmans, S. Willis, T. Gruosso, M. Park, B. Haibe-Kains, B. Gallas, A.M. Thompson, I. Cree, C. Sotiriou, C. Solinas, M. Preusser, S.M. Hewitt, D. Rimm, G. Viale, S. Loi, S. Loibl, R. Salgado, C. Denkert
Journal: Seminars in Cancer Biology (2018)
Studies on Agranulocytosis. II. The Effect of Chlorpromazine upon the Influx of S35 L-Cystine and L-Methionine into Human Leukocytes
Authors: ANTHONY V. PISCIOTTA, SHIRLEY N. EBBE, MARY DALY, MONA RUWALDT, MILTON GLASER, GLORIA O. METZGER
Journal: Blood (1960)
Diverticulotomía peroral del diverticulo de Zenker con Ligasure™ blunt-tip. Nuestra experiencia inicial
Authors: FJ Garcia Fernandez, R Leon Montañes, S Morales Conde, A Barranco, S Sobrino Rodriguez, JM Bozada Garcia
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

La crico-faringo miotomía endoscópica es una técnica mínimamente invasiva para el tratamiento del divertículo de Zenker implantada recientemente. Para su realización se ha empleado diverso material endoscópico (disectores para DES, material de CPRE, sistemas de corte-sellado LigasureTM). Las series publicadas hasta la fecha son de pocos pacientes, probablemente por su escasa casuística.
Don’t quote me: reverse identification of research participants in social media studies
Authors: John W. Ayers, Theodore L. Caputi, Camille Nebeker, Mark Dredze
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2018)

We investigated if participants in social media surveillance studies could be reverse identified by reviewing all articles published on PubMed in 2015 or 2016 with the words "Twitter" and either "read," "coded," or "content" in the title or abstract. Seventy-two percent (95% CI: 63-80) of articles quoted at least one participant's tweet and searching for the quoted content led to the participant 84% (95% CI: 74-91) of the time. Twenty-one percent (95% CI: 13-29) of articles disclosed a participant's Twitter username thereby making the participant immediately identifiable. Only one article reported obtaining consent to disclose identifying information and institutional review board (IRB) involvement was mentioned in only 40% (95% CI: 31-50) of articles, of which 17% (95% CI: 10-25) received IRB-approval and 23% (95% CI:16-32) were deemed exempt. Biomedical publications are routinely including identifiable information by quoting tweets or revealing usernames which, in turn, violates ICMJE ethical standards governing scientific ethics, even though said content is scientifically unnecessary. We propose that authors convey aggregate findings without revealing participants' identities, editors refuse to publish reports that reveal a participant's identity, and IRBs attend to these privacy issues when reviewing studies involving social media data. These strategies together will ensure participants are protected going forward.
Cellular interactions with hydrogel microfibers synthesized via interfacial tetrazine ligation
Authors: Shuang Liu, Axel C. Moore, Aidan B. Zerdoum, Han Zhang, Samuel L. Scinto, He Zhang, Liang Gong, David L. Burris, Ayyappan K. Rajasekaran, Joseph M. Fox, Xinqiao Jia
Journal: Biomaterials (2018)
ESTIMATING DETECTION RATES FOR ADENOMAS, SERRATED POLYPS AND CLINICALLY RELEVANT SERRATED POLYPS BY USING INDIVIDUAL DETECTION RATE RATIOS IN AVERAGE-RISK SCREENING COLONOSCOPIES
Authors: C Schramm, A Mert Senel, JH Hofer, H Toermer, F Stenschke, M Stollenwerk, I Scheller, P Kasper, T Goeser, HM Steffen
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Adenoma detection rate (ADR) is cumbersome to obtain in routine practice. We aimed to evaluate the previously introduced adenoma-to-polyp-detection-rate-ratio (APDRR) to estimate ADR from polyp detection rate (PDR) and its applicability for estimating detection rates (DRs) of serrated polyps (SPs) and clinically relevant SPs (crSPs).
Abstract 19937: Novel Advances in Radiographic Imaging Yield Important Reductions in Radiation Exposure
Authors: Bruce D Lindsay, John O Lopez, Kevin Wunderle, Mina K Chung, Martine H vanAlven
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Radiographic imaging is required for ablation of complex arrhythmias and device implantation. Technological advances have been advocated to reduce radiation exposure, as measured by t...
Progression-Free Survival as a Surrogate End Point for Overall Survival in First-Line Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: An Individual Patient–Level Analysis of Multiple Randomized Trials (SEAL)
Authors: Qian Shi, Norbert Schmitz, Fang-Shu Ou, Jesse G. Dixon, David Cunningham, Michael Pfreundschuh, John F. Seymour, Ulrich Jaeger, Thomas M. Habermann, Corinne Haioun, Hervé Tilly, Hervé Ghesquieres, Francesco Merli, Marita Ziepert, Raoul Herbrecht, Jocelyne Flament, Tommy Fu, Bertrand Coiffier, Christopher R. Flowers
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

Purpose Overall survival (OS) is the definitive and best-established primary efficacy end point to evaluate diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) therapies, but it requires prolonged follow-up. An earlier end point assessed post-treatment would expedite clinical trial conduct and accelerate patient access to effective new therapies. Our objective was to formally evaluate progression-free survival (PFS) and PFS at 24 months (PFS24) as surrogate end points for OS in first-line DLBCL. Patients and Methods Individual patient data were analyzed from 7,507 patients from 13 multicenter randomized controlled trials of active treatment in previously untreated DLBCL, published after 2002, with sufficient PFS data to predict treatment effects on OS. Trial-level surrogacy examining the correlation of treatment effect estimates of PFS/PFS24 and OS was evaluated using both linear regression ( R2WLS) and Copula bivariable ( R2Copula) models. Prespecified criteria for surrogacy required either R2WLS or R2Copula ≥ 0.80 and neither < 0.7, with lower-bound 95% CI > 0.60. Results Trial-level surrogacy for PFS was strong ( R2WLS = 0.83; R2Copula = 0.85) and met the predefined criteria for surrogacy. At the patient level, PFS strongly correlated with OS. The surrogate threshold effect had a hazard ratio of 0.89. Surrogacy was consistent across comparisons with or without rituximab and with rituximab maintenance trials. Trial-level surrogacy for PFS24 was relatively strong ( R2WLS = 0.77; R2Copula = 0.78) but did not meet prespecified criteria. At the patient level, PFS24 significantly correlated with OS. The surrogate threshold effect had an odds ratio of 1.51. Conclusion This large pooled analysis of individual patient data supports PFS as a surrogate end point for OS in future randomized controlled trials evaluating chemoimmunotherapy in DLBCL. Use of this end point may expedite therapeutic development with the intent of bringing novel therapies to this patient population years before OS results are mature.
Mother-to-Infant Microbial Transmission from Different Body Sites Shapes the Developing Infant Gut Microbiome
Authors: Pamela Ferretti, Edoardo Pasolli, Adrian Tett, Francesco Asnicar, Valentina Gorfer, Sabina Fedi, Federica Armanini, Duy Tin Truong, Serena Manara, Moreno Zolfo, Francesco Beghini, Roberto Bertorelli, Veronica De Sanctis, Ilaria Bariletti, Rosarita Canto, Rosanna Clementi, Marina Cologna, Tiziana Crifò, Giuseppina Cusumano, Stefania Gottardi, Claudia Innamorati, Caterina Masè, Daniela Postai, Daniela Savoi, Sabrina Duranti, Gabriele Andrea Lugli, Leonardo Mancabelli, Francesca Turroni, Chiara Ferrario, Christian Milani, Marta Mangifesta, Rosaria Anzalone, Alice Viappiani, Moran Yassour, Hera Vlamakis, Ramnik Xavier, Carmen Maria Collado, Omry Koren, Saverio Tateo, Massimo Soffiati, Anna Pedrotti, Marco Ventura, Curtis Huttenhower, Peer Bork, Nicola Segata
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2018)