tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Elevated Circulating Level of Ghrelin in Cachexia Associated With Chronic Heart Failure
Authors: NoritoshiNagaya, MasaakiUematsu, MasayasuKojima, YukariDate, MasamitsuNakazato, HiroyukiOkumura, HiroshiHosoda, WataruShimizu, MasakazuYamagishi, HideoOya, HidekiKoh, ChikaoYutani, KenjiKangawa
Journal: Circulation (2001)

Background Ghrelin is a novel growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide, isolated from the stomach, that may also cause a positive energy balance by stimulating food intake and inducing adiposity. We sought to investigate the pathophysiology of ghrelin in the cachexia associated with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods and Results Plasma ghrelin was measured in 74 patients with CHF and 12 control subjects, together with potentially important anabolic and catabolic factors, such as GH and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). Patients with CHF were divided into two groups, those with cachexia (n=28) and those without cachexia (n=46). Plasma ghrelin did not significantly differ between all CHF patients and controls (181±10 versus 140±14 fmol/mL, P=NS). However, plasma ghrelin was significantly higher in CHF patients with cachexia than in those without cachexia (237±18 versus 147±10 fmol/mL, P<0.001). Circulating GH, TNF-α, norepinephrine, and angiotensin II were also significantly higher in CHF patients with cachexia...
Abstract 4051: Different immune signatures in advanced lung tumors of Nrf2 wildtype vs. knockout mice
Authors: Di Zhang, Jonathan Rennhack, Eran Andrechek, Cheryl Rockwell, Karen Liby
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Activation of Nrf2 and its downstream target genes serves as a master defense mechanism, protecting cells against oxidative and electrophilic stress. Numerous activators of Nrf2 inhibit carcinogenesis. However, genetic alterations resulting in constitutive Nrf2 activation in human lung tumors promotes tumor growth and chemoresistance. The dual role of Nrf2 in cancer has generated a high level of interest, but little is known regarding the effect of Nrf2 on immune cells during lung carcinogenesis. In this study, we used the potent carcinogen vinyl carbamate to induce lung tumors in mice. Tumor burden, the immunophenotype, and genetic signatures were compared in the lungs of Nrf2 knockout (-/-, KO) vs. wildtype (+/+, WT) mice. Nrf2 KO mice were more susceptible to vinyl carbamate; these mice developed tumors earlier than the WT mice and exhibited more and larger tumors over times ranging from 20-32 weeks after initiation. By 32 weeks, WT mice have an average of 6.5 ± 0.95 tumors per lung compared to 12.25 ± 2.6 tumors in the KO mice. Immune cell populations including T cells (CD4+ and CD8+), B cells, macrophages and myeloid derived suppressor cells were investigated in the lungs and spleens of Nrf2 WT and KO mice challenged with vinyl carbamate. T cell populations were significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.05) reduced in the lungs of Nrf2 KO mice, while tumor-promoting macrophages and myeloid derived suppressor cells were elevated in the lung and spleen, respectively, of Nrf2 KO mice compared to WT mice. Moreover, immune response genes, especially a series of cytokines (Cxcl1, Cxcl12, Csf1, and Ccl9) and MHC antigens that promote tumor growth, were significantly upregulated in tumors from Nrf2-/- mice. Importantly, this expression profile is conserved in patients with lung cancer. Overall, our results confirmed a tumor protective role of Nrf2 in carcinogenesis and suggest an important regulatory role for Nrf2 in immune cells in both mouse and human lung tumors. Citation Format: Di Zhang, Jonathan Rennhack, Eran Andrechek, Cheryl Rockwell, Karen Liby. Different immune signatures in advanced lung tumors of Nrf2 wildtype vs. knockout mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4051.
Abstract 18633: Outcome Among VT or VF Patients in the Lucas in Cardiac Arrest Randomized Controlled Trial - A Subgroup Analysis
Authors: Bjarne Madsen Hardig, Ollie Östlund, Erik Lindgren, Johan Herlitz, Rolf Karlsten, Sten Rubertsson
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: The aim of this analysis was to evaluate outcome among patients with VT/VF in the LINC trial and its association to delayed defibrillation and the amount of adrenaline used. Methods: The LINC database was searched for patients with an initial rhythm of VT or VF. The data were analysed with regards to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) anytime, 4-hour survival, survival with good neurological outcome to intensive care unit (ICU) discharge, to hospital discharge, at 1 and 6 months. ROSC and survival was also evaluated in relation to CPR time. Number of defibrillation and injection of adrenalin given were analysed in relation to outcome. Results: There were a significant difference between the two groups regarding time from start of manual chest compressions to the first defibrillation (Mechanical CPR: 4 (3-5) min vs Manual CPR 3 (2-4) min, P <0.001), from ambulance arrival to start of transport (Mechanical CPR: 26 (20-34) min vs Manual CPR 24 (18-32) min, P <0.001), from ambulance arriva...
Abstract 5586: Circulating tumor cells as the prognostic marker for non-remission and disease-specific mortality of patients with thyroid cancer
Authors: Ching-Ping Tseng, Jen-Der Lin, Miaw-Jene Liou, Wei-Shan Hung, Hsueh-Ling Hsu, Kong-Kit Leong, Yu-Ting Chen, Ju-Chien Cheng
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Patients with thyroid cancer usually have good prognosis. However, 15-20% of patients ultimately develop recurrence and disease-related death. In this study, we investigate whether the number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) expressing either epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), podoplanin (PDPN, a marker related to poor prognosis in patients with thyroid cancer), or thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR, a marker for thyroid cells) is a prognostic marker for non-remission and disease-specific mortality (DSM) of patients with thyroid cancer. Blood samples were collected from patients (n = 128) after thyroidectomy or radioactive iodide therapy. After enrichment of CTCs by a negative selection PowerMag system, enumeration and subtyping of the CD45-depleted cells were performed by immunofluorescence staining using the antibodies aginst EpCAM, TSHR, and PDPN, respectively. Our data revealed that the number of EpCAM+-CTCs (p &amp;lt; 0.001) and PDPN+-CTCs (p &amp;lt; 0.001), and TSHR+-CTCs (p &amp;lt; 0.001) for patients in the non-remission group (n = 43) was significantly higher when compared to the remission group (n = 85). At the cutoff of 40, 14, and 47 cells/mL for EpCAM+-CTCs, TSHR+-CTCs, and PDPN+-CTCs, the accuracy of the assay was equivalent to 80.4%, 76.6%, and 77.3%, respectively. On the other hand, the number of EpCAM+-CTCs (p &amp;lt; 0.001), PDPN+-CTCs (p = 0.013), and TSHR+-CTCs (p &amp;lt; 0.001) for patients in the DSM group (n = 17) was significantly higher when compared to the patients who survived (n = 111). At the cutoff of 27, 25, and 9 cells/mL for EpCAM+-CTCs, TSHR+-CTCs, and PDPN+-CTCs, the accuracy of the assay was equivalent to 69.5%, 67.2%, and 68.5%, respectively. These data together indicate that CTC testing is worthy to be considered as a routine clinical test to benefit clinical care of patients with thyroid cancer. Citation Format: Ching-Ping Tseng, Jen-Der Lin, Miaw-Jene Liou, Wei-Shan Hung, Hsueh-Ling Hsu, Kong-Kit Leong, Yu-Ting Chen, Ju-Chien Cheng. Circulating tumor cells as the prognostic marker for non-remission and disease-specific mortality of patients with thyroid cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5586.
Abstract 19953: STS Score Variance Results in Risk Reclassification of TAVR Patients
Authors: Toby Rogers, Edward Koifman, Nirav Patel, Arie Steinvil, Jiaxiang Gai, Rebecca Torguson, Petros Okubagzi, Sarkis Kiramijyan, Sang Yeub Lee, Christian Shults, Lowell Satler, Itsik Ben-Dor, Augusto Pichard, Paul Corso, Ron Waksman
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Risk assessment using the Society for Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score is a critical element of the Heart Team decision-making process for patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve ...
Corneal Infections Associated with Sleeping in Contact Lenses — Six Cases, United States, 2016–2018
Authors: Jennifer R. Cope, Nuadum Muriel Konne, Deborah S. Jacobs, Deepinder K. Dhaliwal, Michelle K. Rhee, Jia Yin, Thomas L. Steinemann
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

Contact lenses, when worn and cared for properly, are a safe and effective form of vision correction used by an estimated 45 million Americans. However, contact lens wearers are at risk for contact lens-related eye infections, especially when wearers do not practice proper contact lens wear and care habits. These infections, affecting the cornea and known as microbial keratitis (Figure), can lead to serious adverse health outcomes. Because contact lenses are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as medical devices, contact lens-related corneal infections should be reported to FDA as an adverse event. To illustrate their serious health implications, six cases of contact lens-related corneal infection, in which sleeping in lenses was reported as the main risk factor, are presented. Consequences of infection reported among the identified cases included the need for frequent administration of antibiotic eye drops, multiple follow-up medical appointments, and permanent eye damage. Health education measures directed toward contact lens wearers should emphasize raising awareness of the risks of sleeping in contact lenses as well as adherence to all recommendations for the wear and care of contact lenses. Additional measures are needed to educate eye care professionals about the need to report contact lens-related corneal infections to MedWatch, the FDA Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting program (https://www.fda.gov/MedWatch/).
Abstract 1021: Clinical significance of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) and tumor-infiltrating plasma cells in ovarian cancer
Authors: Masayo Ukita, Junzo Hamanishi, Tsukasa Baba, Ryusuke Murakami, Kaoru Abiko, Masaki Mandai
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Objective: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are transient ectopic lymphoid aggregates that reflect lymphoid neogenesis mainly through CXCL13 and develop under chronic inflammation. Recently TLS have been detected in several types of cancers; however, there are few reports about TLS in ovarian cancer. We investigated the clinical significance of TLS in ovarian cancer. Methods: 28 patients who were diagnosed with high-grade serous ovarian cancer and treated surgically in our hospital were selected from microarray dataset (KOV-75; GSE39204/55512). We evaluated TLS, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) subsets (CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell, CD20+ B cell, CD38+ plasma cell), and the correlation between expression of CXCL13 and TIL subsets by immunohistochemical staining. We analyzed the correlation between gene expression of CXCL13 and the survival time of the patients (pts) by using KOV-75 and the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) datasets. Results: Immunohistochemical staining revealed that TLS were detected in 64% (18 pts) of ovarian cancer patients, and the numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, CD20+ B cells and CD38+ plasma cells were significantly higher in cases with TLS (p&amp;lt;0.05). The numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, CD20+ B cells and CD38+ plasma cells were significantly higher in the CXCL13-high tumor than in the CXCL13-low tumor (p&amp;lt;0.001). In the group with high intratumoral infiltration of CD8 T cells and plasma cells, progression-free survival and overall survival were both significantly extended (p&amp;lt;0.05, respectively). In microarray analyses of KOV-75 and TCGA, high CXCL13 gene expression correlated significantly with both favorable progression-free survival and overall survival (p&amp;lt;0.05, respectively). Conclusion: CXCL13 contributes to better prognosis in ovarian cancer patients by inducing TLS and various subsets of TIL. Induction of CXCL13 might be a new therapeutic target for ovarian cancer patients. Citation Format: Masayo Ukita, Junzo Hamanishi, Tsukasa Baba, Ryusuke Murakami, Kaoru Abiko, Masaki Mandai. Clinical significance of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) and tumor-infiltrating plasma cells in ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1021.
Abstract 2521: Patient GBM cell originated secretome analysis identifies cytokine A, as a potent therapeutic target
Authors: Suji Han, Kayoung Shin, Kyoungmin Lee, Sungsoo Kim, Hyunju Kang, Jin-Ku Lee, Hyun Nam, Kyeung Min Joo, Do-Hyun Nam
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract GBM is the most aggressive human primary brain tumor and leads to poor clinical outcomes. According to previous studies, exogenous factors secreted from primary brain tumor cells can change the growth pattern of normal cells. We analyzed the ingredients of cell culture media from two patient glioblastoma cells which can grow without growth factors. As a result, we selected a significant factor for tumor cell growth which is called cytokine A, the Heparin-binding growth factor. Because of the cell viability maintenance ability of cytokine A, we tried to investigate detailed mechanism of cytokine A and applied the result to the combination therapy. Cytokine A is critical for tumorigenesis of GBM by modulating DNA damage signaling and cell cycle through ROS. For that reason, cytokine A is effective therapeutic target and can be used in combination therapy. Citation Format: Suji Han, Kayoung Shin, Kyoungmin Lee, Sungsoo Kim, Hyunju Kang, Jin-Ku Lee, Hyun Nam, Kyeung Min Joo, Do-Hyun Nam. Patient GBM cell originated secretome analysis identifies cytokine A, as a potent therapeutic target [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2521.
Oscillation of Blood Flow and Vascular Resistance During Mayer Waves
Authors: ThomasKillip
Journal: Circulation Research (1962)

In cats anesthetized with chloralose, Mayer waves developed following graded hemorrhage and, in some, partial carotid occlusion. The average Mayer wave was 56 mm. Hg in amplitude rising from a base systemic pressure of 70 mm. Hg at a frequency of 3.0 per minute. Rhythmic fluctuation of respiratory depth and frequency paralleled but slightly preceded the blood pressure change. There was no significant variation in heart rate during Mayer waves. Flow in the abdominal aorta and vena cava varied inversely with systemic pressure. A flow lag of four to six seconds in the vena cava behind that in the aorta during Mayer waves was probably related to circulation time. Blood flow was measured in muscle, small intestine, skin, and kidney. During the pressure rise of each Mayer wave, blood flow decreased in muscle more than in gut. Cutaneous flow increased moderately. Renal flow varied directly with the arterial pressure. Changes vascular resistance were evaluated by holding perfusion pressure constant and measuring ...
Abstract 119: Bystanders Need Follow-up After Performing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Wenche Torunn Mathiesen, Conrad Arnfinn Bjørshol, Eldar Søreide
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Bystanders’ intervention causes a 2-3 times increased chance of survival to out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims by alerting the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and performi...
Depression is reduced by physical activity, but there’s a limit, finds study
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2018)

People who are regularly physically active have fewer days when they rate their mental health as “not good” than those who are not physically active, a large observational study has found.

The biggest effects were seen among those who spent 45 minutes exercising, three to five times a week. All types of physical activity were beneficial, from housework, gardening, and looking after children to running, cycling, and skiing. And everyone benefited irrespective of age, gender, racial groups, and income.

The British and American researchers said that, although physical activity was proven to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes, and mortality from all causes, its association with mental health remained …
Abstract 4059: Vaccination causes a clear subtype shifting of tumor infiltrate Treg in mouse breast cancer homografts
Authors: Xiaoyu AN, Davy Xuesong Ouyang, Jinping Liu, Li Chen, Henry Qixiang Li
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), including CD8+ TIL-Teff (effector T-cells) and TIL-Treg (regulatory T-cells with immune suppression on self-restricted Teff), are believed to play a significant, but somewhat conflicting, role in the cancer prognosis and sensitivity to immune-oncology (I/O) treatments, including immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Forkhead box P3 (FoxP3+) has long been considered a key marker of Treg while recent research has indicated significant heterogeneity of Treg with different levels of FoxP3 and the associated functional variations. The heterogeneity may explain some of the conflicting observations. The influence of the Treg heterogeneity on ICI treatment has yet to be investigated. We have previously created a mouse tumor homograft, mBR6004, by orthotopic-implanting breast adenocarcinoma spontaneously developed in MMTV-PyVT transgenic mice (GEMM) to the syngeneic FVB/N mice. The homograft has the similar growth, metastasis and histopathology as seen for the original GEMM tumors, and it responds to the CTLA-4 but not to the PD1/PDL1 inhibitors. Further, we also found that a prior vaccination treatment seemed to potentially render the tumor sensitive to PD1/PD-L1 inhibitors with increased CD8+ TIL in the treated tumors. To explore the underlying mechanism of vaccination, we are performing extensive immunophenotyping of TILs in the vaccinated tumors. Interestingly, our analysis clearly displayed a drastic shift of TIL-Treg from FoxP3lo to FoxP3hi population in the tumors with the prior vaccination as compared to the tumor without vaccination, which likely corresponds to the reported naïve FoxP3lo Treg and FoxP3hi effector Treg (eTreg). This FoxP3hi -shifted Treg is also largely absent in peripheral blood, even in the vaccinated mice, consistently to those seen in patients. Our data seem to suggest that the TIL-eTreg status, not naïve Treg, could play a critical role in tumor response to the checkpoint inhibitor treatment, and that the methods, such as vaccination to change TIL-eTreg, could be an important strategy to enhance checkpoint inhibitor treatment. In addition, the elucidation of TIL-Treg in animal model could also greatly help to investigate I/O mechanisms in the experimental settings. Citation Format: Xiaoyu AN, Davy Xuesong Ouyang, Jinping Liu, Li Chen, Henry Qixiang Li. Vaccination causes a clear subtype shifting of tumor infiltrate Treg in mouse breast cancer homografts [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4059.
Four Faces of Baroreflex Failure
Authors: TerryKetch, ItaloBiaggioni, RoseMarieRobertson, DavidRobertson
Journal: Circulation (2002)

Background— The baroreflex normally serves to buffer blood pressure against excessive rise or fall. Baroreflex failure occurs when afferent baroreceptive nerves or their central connections become impaired. In baroreflex failure, there is loss of buffering ability, and wide excursions of pressure and heart rate occur. Such excursions may derive from endogenous factors such as stress or drowsiness, which result in quite high and quite low pressures, respectively. They may also derive from exogenous factors such as drugs or environmental influences. Methods and Results— Impairment of the baroreflex may produce an unusually broad spectrum of clinical presentations; with acute baroreflex failure, a hypertensive crisis is the most common presentation. Over succeeding days to weeks, or in the absence of an acute event, volatile hypertension with periods of hypotension occurs and may continue for many years, usually with some attenuation of pressor surges and greater prominence of depressor valleys during long-t...
Abstract 18963: Clinical Significance of Daytime Vs. Nighttime Cheyne-stokes Respiration in Systolic Heart Failure Patients: Findings From 24- Hour Polygraphic Recordings
Authors: GianlucaMirizzi, GiovanniIudice, FrancescaBramanti, AlbertoGiannoni, RobertaPoletti, AlessandraGabutti, ChiaraMammini, ValentinaRaglianti, ClaudioPassino, MicheleEmdin
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Purpose: Cheyne Stokes respiration, that is periodic apnea/hyperpnea of central origin (CSR), has been separately described both during night (nCSR) and daytime (dCSR) in HF and associated with worse prognosis. The relationships between severity of nCSR and of dCSR have not yet been established. Methods: we enrolled 439 consecutive HF patients (aged 65±13 years, 76% males; NYHA class III-IV 33%, LVEF: 32±9%, mean±SD) on current guideline-directed therapy (96% betablockers, 94% ACE-inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, 22% CRT). All patients underwent a 24hour cardiorespiratory polygraphic recording (nasal flow plus chest and abdomen respirograms) for detection of hypo/apnea phenomenon, clinical and neurohormonal evaluation, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, echocardiography and Holter monitoring. Results: four groups were identified according to severity of nCSR (AHI  30, 29%) and dCSR (normal, apnea/hypopnea index, AHI <5, 38%; mild, 5 to ...
Abstract LB-090: Activation of KITENIN/ErbB4-mediated signaling contributes to acquisition of cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: So-Yeon Park, Yi Yang, Rui Zhou, Woo Kyun Bae, Ik Joo Chung, Kyung Keun Kim, Hangun Kim
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract ErbB4/KITENIN signaling plays a role in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-independent EGF pathways mediating the invasiveness and tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer cells. However, whether alterations in ErbB4/KITENIN signaling play a role in the resistance to anti-EGFR therapy remains unclear. Here, we established cetuximab-resistant DLD1 and HT29 cells, and analyzed changes in ErbB4/KITENIN signaling. c-Jun, a final effector in ErbB4/KITENIN-mediated signaling, was upregulated, whereas KITENIN levels remained constant in both cetuximab-resistant cell lines. The phosphorylation of EGFR and ErbB4 was increased in cetuximab-resistant cells, suggesting that ErbB4/KITENIN signaling contributed to the acquisition of cetuximab resistance in the cells. Silencing of KITENIN and/or ErbB4 increased cetuximab sensitivity in cetuximab-resistant cells. This study is the first to report the activation of ErbB4/KITENIN-mediated signaling in cetuximab-resistant colorectal cancer cells and the potential clinical application of ErbB4/KITENIN-targeting therapy for overcoming anti-EGFR resistance. Citation Format: So-Yeon Park, Yi Yang, Rui Zhou, Woo Kyun Bae, Ik Joo Chung, Kyung Keun Kim, Hangun Kim. Activation of KITENIN/ErbB4-mediated signaling contributes to acquisition of cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-090.
Comments on “Short-term reasons for withdrawal and adverse events associated with apremilast therapy for psoriasis in real-world practice compared with in clinical trials: A multicenter retrospective study”
Authors: Ennio Giulio Favalli, Fabrizio Conti, Fabiola Atzeni, Carlo Selmi, Salvatore D'Angelo, Roberto Caporali, Florenzo Iannone
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2018)