tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rosemary Helen MacNaughton Adams
Authors: Elspeth Adams
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Rosemary Helen MacNaughton Davie was brought up in Beverley, east Yorkshire, where her father, Thomas Davie, was medical superintendent at the East Riding County Asylum, later Broadgate Hospital.

At Edinburgh University she was an outstanding student and achieved four medals, including that of most distinguished graduate of the year. She specialised initially in ear, nose, and throat medicine. In 1954 she married John Campbell Strathie Adams …
Abstract 19915: Extremely Low pH as an Early Predictor of Outcome After Cardiac Arrest is Not Enough to Give Up
Authors: Andrea Vélez, Esteban López-de-Sá, Sandra Rosillo, Verónica Rial, Jose María García-De-Veas, Adrián Rivas, Maria del Carmen Monedero, Eduardo Armada, José Luis López-Sendon
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Initial blood pH after ROSC has been considered to be a strong indicator of both the duration of the cardiac arrest as well as the quality of the cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Howeve...
Utility of Naltrexone Treatment for Chronic Inflammatory Dermatologic Conditions
Authors: Chloe Ekelem, Margit Juhasz, Pooja Khera, Natasha Atanaskova Mesinkovska
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> Dermatology is encountering increasing rates of autoimmune disease manifesting in primary skin conditions that are difficult to treat without a risk of immunosuppression. Naltrexone is an orally active opioid antagonist that influences a variety of systemic pathways, including the immune system, in low doses of 1.5 to 4.0 mg/d. This phenomenon has piqued the interest of researchers and practitioners in regard to low-dose naltrexone’s potential in the treatment of several autoimmune conditions. <h3>Objective</h3> To review the existing literature on naltrexone treatment for dermatologic conditions. <h3>Evidence Review</h3> A primary literature search was conducted using PubMed in April 2018 for all articles published from 1971 to April 2018. Search terms consisted of<i>naltrexone</i>or<i>low dose naltrexone</i>or<i>low-dose naltrexone</i>and<i>dermatology</i>or<i>skin</i>or<i>hair</i>or<i>nails</i>. Reviews, animal studies, and nondermatologic and pharmacologic studies were excluded. <h3>Findings</h3> From 1037 articles, 22 were deemed to be appropriate for inclusion in this review for a qualitative synthesis. The 22 articles included randomized clinical trials, case reports, and series. There were 7 articles on low-dose naltexone, 1 on topical naltrexone, and 14 on high-dose naltrexone use in dermatology. In high, low, and topical doses, naltrexone was effective in treating pruritus attributable to atopic dermatitis, prurigo nodularis, cholestatsis, burn injury, systemic sclerosis, Hailey-Hailey disease, and lichen planopilaris. High-dose naltrexone was ineffective in treating flushing and uremic pruritus most likely because of the lack of opioid involvement in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of these conditions. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The findings suggest that low-dose naltrexone is safe and effective in the treatment of Hailey-Hailey disease and lichen planopilaris and both low- and high-dose naltrexone successfully treat pruritus attributable to various pathologic conditions; however, more adverse effects occurred in those taking high doses. Low-dose naltrexone has the potential for the treatment of chronic inflammatory skin conditions; however, additional evidence is needed for dosing and long-term treatment guidelines.
Abstract 19725: The CD40L/Mac-1 Dyad Recruits Leukocytes During Cardiovascular Inflammation
Authors: Dennis Wolf, Nathaly Anto Michel, Christoph Bode, Karlheinz Peter, Andreas Zirlik
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: The integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) drives myeloid cell recruitment during inflammation in cardiovascular disease. Although integrins have generated interest as therapeutic targets in acute...
Subacute Venous Infarct Mimicking Cerebral Metastasis in 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Cihan Gündoğan, Aytül Hande Yardimci, Burçak Yilmaz Güneş, Tevfik Fikret Çermik
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

A 68-year-old woman with colon carcinoma was referred to F-FDG PET/CT imaging for staging. In addition to primary tumor involvement, PET/CT demonstrated focal FDG uptake in the right temporal lobe suggestive of primary brain tumor or metastasis. To delineate the lesion, a brain MRI scan showed sigmoid sinus thrombosis and vasogenic edema in the right temporal lobe. The patient presented a history of right-sided headache that began 1 week before the PET/CT. Neurological examination and MRI findings were concluded as subacute venous infarct due to sigmoid sinus thrombosis and that is a potential cause for false-positive FDG uptake on PET/CT.
Whole Exome Sequencing Reveals the Major Genetic Contributors to Nonsyndromic Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Donna J. Page, Matthieu J. Miossec, Simon G. Williams, Richard M. Monaghan, Elisavet Fotiou, Heather J. Cordell, Louise Sutcliffe, Ana Topf, Mathieu Bourgey, Guillaume Bourque, Robert Eveleigh, Sally L. Dunwoodie, David S. Winlaw, Shoumo Bhattacharya, Jeroen Breckpot, Koenraad Devriendt, Marc Gewillig, J. David Brook, Kerry J. Setchfield, Frances A. Bu’Lock, John O’Sullivan, Graham Stuart, Connie R. Bezzina, Barbara J.M. Mulder, Alex V. Postma, James R. Bentham, Martin Baron, Sanjeev S. Bhaskar, Graeme C. Black, William G. Newman, Kathryn E. Hentges, G. Mark Lathrop, Mauro Santibanez-Koref, Bernard D. Keavney
Journal: Circulation Research (2019)

Familial recurrence studies provide strong evidence for a genetic component to the predisposition to sporadic, nonsyndromic Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease phenotype. Rare genetic variants have been identified as important contributors to the risk of congenital heart disease, but relatively small numbers of TOF cases have been studied to date.We used whole exome sequencing to assess the prevalence of unique, deleterious variants in the largest cohort of nonsyndromic TOF patients reported to date.Eight hundred twenty-nine TOF patients underwent whole exome sequencing. The presence of unique, deleterious variants was determined; defined by their absence in the Genome Aggregation Database and a scaled combined annotation-dependent depletion score of ≥20. The clustering of variants in 2 genes, NOTCH1 and FLT4, surpassed thresholds for genome-wide significance (assigned as P<5×10-8) after correction for multiple comparisons. NOTCH1 was most frequently found to harbor unique, deleterious variants. Thirty-one changes were observed in 37 probands (4.5%; 95% CI, 3.2%-6.1%) and included 7 loss-of-function variants 22 missense variants and 2 in-frame indels. Sanger sequencing of the unaffected parents of 7 cases identified 5 de novo variants. Three NOTCH1 variants (p.G200R, p.C607Y, and p.N1875S) were subjected to functional evaluation, and 2 showed a reduction in Jagged1-induced NOTCH signaling. FLT4 variants were found in 2.4% (95% CI, 1.6%-3.8%) of TOF patients, with 21 patients harboring 22 unique, deleterious variants. The variants identified were distinct to those that cause the congenital lymphoedema syndrome Milroy disease. In addition to NOTCH1, FLT4 and the well-established TOF gene, TBX1, we identified potential association with variants in several other candidates, including RYR1, ZFPM1, CAMTA2, DLX6, and PCM1.The NOTCH1 locus is the most frequent site of genetic variants predisposing to nonsyndromic TOF, followed by FLT4. Together, variants in these genes are found in almost 7% of TOF patients.
Use of palliative care among patients with metastatic breast cancer at a safety net hospital.
Authors: Sita Bushan, Hsiao Ching Li, Samira K. Syed, Nisha Unni, Navid Sadeghi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

117 Background: Palliative Care (PC) has been shown to improve quality of life in lung cancer patients, and ASCO recommends it as an adjunct to standard oncologic care. Data regarding the use of PC in other cancers and in disadvantaged populations is scant. We studied the patterns of use of PC in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) at a safety net hospital. Methods: Electronic health records (EHR) of 234 patients who were diagnosed with MBC from 2010 to 2016 at Parkland Health and Hospital System (PHHS) were reviewed, and data on demographics, diagnostics, treatments, and palliative care elements were collected. Results: 105 of 234 (44.8%) patients with MBC were referred to PC, either as outpatients, inpatients, or both. The average time from the first visit with medical oncology to placement of an outpatient referral to PC was 390 days. Of the 79 patients with outpatient referrals to palliative care, we have hormone receptor status on 50. 12 of these patients had triple negative breast cancer; 30 had hormone receptor positive breast cancer. 77 (32% of all patients) patients had formal documentation of advanced directives (AD) in the EHR. Of these, 69 (89.6%) had seen PC. 133 patients have died, and 37 (27.8% of expired patients) died at the Parkland Hospital. Among the 96 patients who did not die in the hospital, 73 (76%) patients had some discussion of hospice prior to death. Conclusions: Less than half of patients with MBC at PHHS were referred to PC, and among those who are, referrals are placed late in the disease course, on average, more than one year after the first medical oncology visit. Lack of a sustained relationship with PC results in truncated goals of care discussions. As a result, most patients do not have formal documentation of AD in the EHR. Furthermore, they do not benefit from discussions with PC that could guide the management of their malignancy while they still have therapeutic options. Instead, patients discuss hospice with their providers toward the end of life, only when they are no longer candidates for cancer directed therapies. Although the use of PC resources at PHHS does not meet clinical guidelines, it is consistent with data from other studies showing inadequate use of PC resources among patients with advanced cancer.
Patients in Wales wait longest out of 10 regions to begin bowel cancer treatment
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Some UK patients with bowel cancer are waiting up to a year to start treatment, new research1 has found.

An international study published in BMJ Open found that 10% of patients in England, Northern Ireland, and Wales waited a year from first noticing a symptom to beginning treatment. It covered diagnosis and treatment of bowel cancer in 10 jurisdictions across six countries.

Men and women in Wales took the longest to contact their doctor once they had noticed a health concern or symptom (median average 49 days).

Patients in Wales also waited the longest (39 days on …
Undertreated emotional distress in older adults with cancer.
Authors: Jennifer Kapo, Maureen Canavan, Carolyn J Presley, Shi-Yi Wang, Shelli Feder, Ella Sheinfeld, Erin Kent, Amy J. Davidoff
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

165 Background: Depression and anxiety are common among older adults with cancer, and concern about the adequacy of emotional distress management is increasing. We examined receipt of prescription medication (Rx) by older adults with cancer relative to reported activity limitation associated with emotional distress. Methods: Using the 2007-2012 SEER-Medicare Health Outcomes Survey (MHOS) database with a unique linkage to Part D prescription claims, we selected MHOS participants with Part D coverage who were within 5 years of cancer diagnosis. We used claims to identify use of Rx for emotional distress management: anti-depressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and/or sedatives during the 90 days post survey. Participants reported activity limitations (“accomplished less” or “worked less carefully”) within the past 30 days “due to emotional problems.” Limitations were quantified as severe (most/all of the time), moderate (some/little of the time), or none. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine associations of Rx use with degree of activity limitation, controlling for characteristics of cancer, demographics and health status. Results presented are predicted percentages. Results: Reported activity limitation in the study sample (N = 9,105) was 15% severe, 34% moderate, and 52% none. Rx were used by 28% overall, with higher rates for severe (39%) and moderate (33%) compared to no activity limitation (23%), p &lt; .001. Among respondents not using Rx, 13% [32%] reported severe [moderate] activity limitations. Among respondents using Rx, severe [moderate] activity limitation was reported by 20% [39%]. Rx use was lower for male sex, with increasing age, non-white race, with fewer comorbid conditions and without the Part D low-income subsidy. Conclusions: Undertreatment of emotional distress is highly prevalent among older adults with cancer. Many SEER-MHOS respondents reporting moderate or severe activity limitations due to emotional distress did not receive Rx for symptom management, and of those receiving Rx, many still report moderate to severe symptoms. Treatment disparities identified by race/ethnicity, age and sex suggest the need for enhanced emotional distress screening and interventions to reduce treatment barriers.
The Prognostic Value of 18F-FDG Uptake in the Supraclavicular Lymph Node (N3c) on PET/CT in Patients With Locally Advanced Breast Cancer With Clinical N3c
Authors: Suk Hyun Lee, Sung Hoon Kim, Hyung Seok Park, Joo Heung Kim, Dongwoo Kim, Hojin Cho, Mijin Yun
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

We investigated the prognostic value of F-FDG uptake in the supraclavicular lymph node (SCLN) on PET/CT in breast cancer patients with clinical ipsilateral SCLN metastasis (cN3c).Fifty-five female patients with initial F-FDG PET/CT were treated with curative intent. For semiquantitative analysis, the SUVmax of the primary tumor, axillary lymph node, and SCLN were normalized by the SUVmean of the liver (defined as SUVR-tumor, SUVR-axillary lymph node, and SUVR-SCLN, respectively). Cox proportional hazards models were used to predict disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Differences in DFS and OS were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis.Twenty-three patients (41.8%) experienced recurrence, and 13 (23.6%) died during follow-up (median, 70.0 months; range, 6-128 months). In multivariate analysis, SUVR-tumor greater than 3.26 (hazards ratio, 7.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.58-33.31; P = 0.01) and SUVR-SCLN greater than 1.05 (hazards ratio, 8.47; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-65.87; P = 0.04) were prognostic for OS. No clinicopathologic or PET/CT parameters were prognostic for DFS. The patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (n = 11, SUVR-tumor ≤3.26 and SUVR-SCLN ≤1.05); group 2 (n = 27, SUVR-tumor >3.26 or SUVR-SCLN >1.05); and group 3 (n = 17, SUVR-tumor >3.26 and SUVR-SCLN >1.05). The 5-year OS rates were 100% in group 1, 85.2% in group 2, and 51.0% in group 3. Group 3 showed worse prognosis than group 1 (P < 0.01) and group 2 (P < 0.01).In addition to SUVR-tumor, SUVR-SCLN seemed to play an important role in selecting patients with the worst prognosis.
Poor Sleep in Hospitalized Patients: Are Hospital-Related Factors at Fault?—Reply
Authors: Eva S. van den Ende, Frank H. Bosch, Prabath W. B. Nanayakkara
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Esophageal strictures: in search of the Goldilocks solution
Authors: Gene Ma, Michael Kochman
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

In this issue of Endoscopy, Walter et al. report on a multicenter exploratory study on the use of biodegradable stents in the treatment of benign esophageal strictures [1]. The authors conclude that biodegradable stents delay the need for retreatment due to recurrent dysphagia compared with dilation therapy alone. Walter et al. should be given accolades for this valuable contribution to the growing literature on biodegradable endoprosthetics and for studying a difficult and heterogeneous patient population.
Perspectives and attitudes toward the integration of oncology and palliative care in Japan: Qualitative analysis of a nationwide survey.
Authors: Yu Uneno, Mayumi Nishimura, Satoko Ito, Tatsuya Morita, Kazuki Sato, Masanori Mori, Chikako Shimizu, Yoshiki Horie, Mami Hirakawa, Takako Eguchi Nakajima, Satoru Tsuneto, Manabu Muto
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

96 Background: The integration of oncology and palliative care (IOP) is an emerging issue that has been encouraged by several agencies, including the American Society of Clinical Oncology. Despite such efforts, clinical implementation of IOP is evolving slowly. One key barrier to implementation is the lack of institutional support; however, recognition of IOP by the heads of hospitals has rarely been investigated. Methods: This was a secondary qualitative analysis of a nationwide survey, which was performed in November 2017 to clarify the current status of IOP in Japan. The questionnaires were distributed to all designated cancer hospitals (DCHs) (n = 399) and randomly sampled non-DCHs (n = 478). This survey included a free text query asking executives or directors of oncology departments at cancer hospitals to describe their opinions about encouragement of IOP in Japan (i.e., importance or challenges of IOP). In total, 174 hospitals (20.2%) responded to the free text query (106 DCHs and 68 non-DCHs). Contents analysis was performed using the free text data. Results: Three major categories emerged from the descriptive data: (1) perceptions and attitudes toward IOP, (2) perceived barriers to IOP, and (3) perceived facilitators of IOP, which possessed two, nine, and eight minor categories, respectively. Of these minor categories, there were both affirmative and contradictory opinions toward IOP. Reluctant attitudes of patients, caregivers, health care professionals, and hospital heads; limited clinical resources, process, and political support; and specific clinical circumstances in Japan were identified as perceived barriers. Education, improvement of clinical resources and process, and political initiatives were identified as perceived facilitators. Conclusions: Comprehensive perceptions, attitudes, challenges, and solutions regarding IOP were proposed. Such data may provide healthcare professionals and policymakers with greater understanding of how to encourage IOP in Japan.
The Burden of Candidate Pathogenic Variants for Kidney and Genitourinary Disorders Emerging From Exome Sequencing
Authors: Hila Milo Rasouly, Emily E. Groopman, Reuben Heyman-Kantor, David A. Fasel, Adele Mitrotti, Rik Westland, Louise Bier, Chunhua Weng, Zhong Ren, Brett Copeland, Priya Krithivasan, Wendy K. Chung, Simone Sanna-Cherchi, David B. Goldstein, Ali G. Gharavi
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

Exome sequencing is increasingly being used for clinical diagnostics, with an impetus to expand reporting of incidental findings across a wide range of disorders. Analysis of population cohorts can help reduce risk for genetic variant misclassification and resultant unnecessary referrals to subspecialists.To examine the burden of candidate pathogenic variants for kidney and genitourinary disorders emerging from exome sequencing.Secondary analysis of genetic data.A tertiary care academic medical center.A convenience sample of exome sequence data from 7974 self-declared healthy adults.Assessment of the prevalence of candidate pathogenic variants in 625 genes associated with Mendelian kidney and genitourinary disorders.Of all participants, 23.3% carried a candidate pathogenic variant, most of which were attributable to previously reported variants that had implausibly high allele frequencies. In particular, 25 genes (discovered before the creation of the Exome Aggregation Consortium, a genetic database comprising data from a large control population) accounted for 67.7% of persons with candidate pathogenic variants. After stringent filtering based on allele frequency, 1.4% of persons still had a candidate pathogenic variant, an excessive rate given the prevalence of monogenic kidney and genitourinary disorders. Manual annotation of a subset of variants showed that the majority would be classified as nonbenign under current guidelines for clinical sequence interpretation and could prompt subspecialty referrals if returned.Limited access to health record data prevented comprehensive assessment of the phenotypic concordance with genetic diagnoses.Widespread reporting of incidental genetic findings related to kidney and genitourinary disorders will require stringent curation of clinical variant databases and detailed case-level review to avoid genetic misdiagnosis and unnecessary referrals. These findings motivate similar analyses for genes relevant to other medical subspecialties.National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and National Human Genome Research Institute.
Targeted nanoparticles for multimodal imaging of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products
Authors: Lindsey R. Drake, Peter J. H. Scott
Journal: Theranostics (2018)

The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is implicated in multiple disease states such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders, and RAGE inhibitors are being explored as potential new therapies in such cases.Despite the known role RAGE plays in these conditions, there remains an urgent need for a molecular imaging agent that can accurately quantify RAGE levels in vivo, aid in validation of RAGE as a biomarker and/or therapeutic target, and support development of new RAGE inhibitors.This editorial highlights a multimodal nanoparticle-based imaging agent targeted at RAGE that was recently developed by Konopka and colleagues (Theranostics 2018; 8(18):5012-5024.
Skeletal Superscan on 18F-FDG PET/CT in a Patient With Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Zhanli Fu, Xueqi Chen, Xing Yang, Qian Li
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

An F-FDG PET/CT was performed on a 47-year-old man diagnosed as multiple myeloma with diffuse bone marrow infiltration on pathology. PET/CT findings presented as a pattern of skeletal "superscan," including diffuse and prominent hypermetabolism throughout the axial and proximal appendicular skeleton, which all alleviated after 5 cycles of chemotherapy.
Advancing universal health coverage in South Asian cities: a framework
Authors: Alayne M Adams, Devaki Nambiar, Sameen Siddiqi, Bushra Binte Alam, Srinath Reddy
Journal: BMJ (2018)

<b>Alayne Adams and colleagues</b> propose a framework that emphasises actions on urban health governance and the social determinants of health to achieve universal health coverage in South Asian cities