tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hormonal Contraception and HIV-1 Acquisition: Biological Mechanisms
Authors: Janet P Hapgood, Charu Kaushic, Zdenek Hel
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2018)

Access to effective affordable contraception is critical for individual and public health. A wide range of hormonal contraceptives (HCs), which differ in composition, concentration of the progestin component, frequency of dosage, and method of administration, is currently available globally. However, the options are rather limited in settings with restricted economic resources that frequently overlap with areas of high HIV-1 prevalence. The predominant contraceptive used in sub-Saharan Africa is the progestin-only three-monthly injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate. Determination of whether HCs affect HIV-1 acquisition has been hampered by behavioral differences potentially confounding clinical observational data. Meta-analysis of these studies shows a significant association between depot medroxyprogesterone acetate use and increased risk of HIV-1 acquisition, raising important concerns. No association was found for combined oral contraceptives containing levonorgestrel, nor for the two-monthly injectable contraceptive norethisterone enanthate, although data for norethisterone enanthate are limited. Susceptibility to HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted infections may, however, be dependent on the type of progestin present in the formulation. Several underlying biological mechanisms that may mediate the effect of HCs on HIV-1 and other sexually transmitted infection acquisition have been identified in clinical, animal, and ex vivo studies. A substantial gap exists in the translation of basic research into clinical practice and public health policy. To bridge this gap, we review the current knowledge of underlying mechanisms and biological effects of commonly used progestins. The review sheds light on issues critical for an informed choice of progestins for the identification of safe, effective, acceptable, and affordable contraceptive methods.
Outcomes of Pregnant Women with Acute Leukemia Treated for Life-Threatening Complications
Authors: Aleksei Bazhenov, Gennadii M. Galstian, Vera V. Troitskaya, Elena N. Parovichnikova, Sergei Makhinya, Mikhail Yu. Drokov, Oleg Latishkevich, Alexandra Zvereva, Valery G Savchenko
Journal: Blood (2016)
Corollary Discharge and Psychosis—Origin of the Model
Authors: Irwin Feinberg
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Coronary Revascularization for Veterans—There’s No Place Like Home
Authors: Frederic S. Resnic, Gautam Gadey
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
EORTC Melanoma Group. Adjuvant therapy with pegylated interferon alfa-2b versus observation alone in resected stage III melanoma: final results of EORTC 18991, a randomised phase III trial.
Authors: AM Eggermont, S Suciu, M Santinami, A Testori, WH Kruit, J Marsden, CJ Punt, F Sales, M Gore, R Mackie, Z Kusic, R Dummer, A Hauschild, Paul Lorigan, E Musat, A Spatz, U Keilholz
Journal: The Lancet (2008)
Real-world outcomes in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors
Authors: Hemal Mehta, Adnan Tufail, Vincent Daien, Aaron Y. Lee, Vuong Nguyen, Mehmet Ozturk, Daniel Barthelmes, Mark C. Gillies
Journal: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research (2018)

Clinical trials identified intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (anti-VEGF agents) have the potential to stabilise or even improve visual acuity outcomes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a sight-threatening disease. Real-world evidence allows us to assess whether results from randomised controlled trials can be applied to the general population. We describe the development of global registries, in particular the Fight Retinal Blindness! registry that originated in Australia, the United Kingdom AMD Electronic Medical Records User Group and the IRIS registry in the USA. Real-world observations relating to efficacy, safety and resource utilisation of intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy for neovascular AMD are then summarised. Novel observations that would have been challenging to identify in a clinical trial setting are then highlighted, including the risk of late disease reactivation, outcomes in second versus first treated eyes, and the increased risk of posterior capsular rupture during cataract surgery in patients who have received intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy. We conclude by exploring future directions in the field. This includes the development of a global consensus on real-world outcome measures to allow greater comparison of results. Real-world neovascular AMD outcome registries can be linked with other databases to determine systemic safety or genetic predictors of treatment efficacy. Machine learning offers opportunities to extract useful insights from “Big Data” often collected in these registries. Real-world registries could be used by drug regulatory authorities and industry as an alternative to more costly and time-consuming phase 4 clinical trials, potentially allowing medication costs to be based on outcomes achieved.
High-Dose Ara-C, Carboplatin, Etoposide, and Steroids (ACES) Is Effective in Relapse and Refractory Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Nobuyuki Kabasawa, Bungo Saito, Yohei Sasaki, Shotaro Shimada, Maasa Abe, So Murai, Yuta Baba, Megumi Watanuki, Yukiko Kawaguchi, Nana Arai, Shun Fujiwara, Hiroyuki Tsukamoto, Yui Uto, Hirotsugu Ariizumi, Kouji Yanagisawa, Norimichi Hattori, Hiroshi Harada, Tsuyoshi Nakamaki
Journal: Blood (2017)
Effects of Pemafibrate, a Novel Selective PPARα Modulator, on Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertriglyceridemia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial
Authors: Eiichi Araki, Shizuya Yamashita, Hidenori Arai, Koutaro Yokote, Jo Satoh, Toyoshi Inoguchi, Jiro Nakamura, Hiroshi Maegawa, Narihito Yoshioka, Yukio Tanizawa, Hirotaka Watada, Hideki Suganami, Shun Ishibashi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2018)

Type 2 diabetes is frequently complicated with atherogenic dyslipidemia. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pemafibrate (K-877) in patients with type 2 diabetes comorbid with hypertriglyceridemia.Patients were randomly assigned to three groups and received placebo (n = 57), 0.2 mg/day pemafibrate (n = 54), or 0.4 mg/day pemafibrate (n = 55) for 24 weeks (treatment period 1). Subsequently, the patients received follow-up treatment for another 28 weeks (treatment period 2), in which the placebo was switched to 0.2 mg/day pemafibrate. This article presents the results of treatment period 1, which were the primary objectives.The pemafibrate groups showed significantly reduced fasting serum triglyceride levels by ∼45% compared with the placebo group (P < 0.001). Additionally, the pemafibrate groups displayed significant decreases in non-HDL and remnant lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein (Apo) B100, ApoB48, and ApoCIII levels and significant increases in HDL cholesterol and ApoA-I levels. LDL cholesterol levels were not considerably altered in the pemafibrate groups. Furthermore, the 0.2 mg/day pemafibrate group showed a significantly reduced HOMA-insulin resistance score compared with the placebo group; however, no significant changes compared with placebo were found in fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, glycoalbumin, or HbA1c levels. The pemafibrate groups also showed significantly increased fibroblast growth factor 21 levels compared with the placebo group. All groups displayed comparable rates of adverse events and drug reactions.Pemafibrate significantly ameliorated lipid abnormalities and was well tolerated in patients with type 2 diabetes comorbid with hypertriglyceridemia.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Ascending Dose Phase 1 Study of AK002, a Novel Siglec-8 Selective Monoclonal Antibody, in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Henrik S. Rasmussen, Alan T. Chang, Nenad Tomasevic, Christopher Bebbington
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Leisure-time vigorous physical activity is associated with better lung function: the prospective ECRHS study
Authors: Elaine Fuertes, Anne-Elie Carsin, Josep M Antó, Roberto Bono, Angelo Guido Corsico, Pascal Demoly, Thorarinn Gislason, José-Antonio Gullón, Christer Janson, Deborah Jarvis, Joachim Heinrich, Mathias Holm, Bénédicte Leynaert, Alessandro Marcon, Jesús Martinez-Moratalla, Dennis Nowak, Silvia Pascual Erquicia, Nicole M Probst-Hensch, Chantal Raherison, Wasif Raza, Francisco Gómez Real, Melissa Russell, José Luis Sánchez-Ramos, Joost Weyler, Judith Garcia Aymerich
Journal: Thorax (2018)

We assessed associations between physical activity and lung function, and its decline, in the prospective population-based European Community Respiratory Health Survey cohort.FEV1 and FVC were measured in 3912 participants at 27-57 years and 39-67 years (mean time between examinations=11.1 years). Physical activity frequency and duration were assessed using questionnaires and used to identify active individuals (physical activity ≥2 times and ≥1 hour per week) at each examination. Adjusted mixed linear regression models assessed associations of regular physical activity with FEV1 and FVC.Physical activity frequency and duration increased over the study period. In adjusted models, active individuals at the first examination had higher FEV1 (43.6 mL (95% CI 12.0 to 75.1)) and FVC (53.9 mL (95% CI 17.8 to 89.9)) at both examinations than their non-active counterparts. These associations appeared restricted to current smokers. In the whole population, FEV1 and FVC were higher among those who changed from inactive to active during the follow-up (38.0 mL (95% CI 15.8 to 60.3) and 54.2 mL (95% CI 25.1 to 83.3), respectively) and who were consistently active, compared with those consistently non-active. No associations were found for lung function decline.Leisure-time vigorous physical activity was associated with higher FEV1 and FVC over a 10-year period among current smokers, but not with FEV1 and FVC decline.
Prenatal Maternal Serum Concentrations of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Association with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability
Authors: Kristen Lyall, Vincent M. Yau, Robin Hansen, Martin Kharrazi, Cathleen K. Yoshida, Antonia M. Calafat, Gayle Windham, Lisa A. Croen
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2018)

Emerging work has examined neurodevelopmental outcomes following prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), but few studies have assessed associations with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Our objective was to estimate associations of maternal prenatal PFAS concentrations with ASD and intellectual disability (ID) in children.Participants were from a population-based nested case-control study of children born from 2000 to 2003 in southern California, including children diagnosed with ASD (n=553), ID without autism (n=189), and general population (GP) controls (n=433). Concentrations of eight PFAS from stored maternal sera collected at 15-19 wk gestational age were quantified and compared among study groups. We used logistic regression to obtain adjusted odds ratios for the association between prenatal PFAS concentrations (parameterized continuously and as quartiles) and ASD versus GP controls, and separately for ID versus GP controls.Geometric mean concentrations of most PFAS were lower in ASD and ID groups relative to GP controls. ASD was not significantly associated with prenatal concentrations of most PFAS, though significant inverse associations were found for perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) [adjusted ORs for the highest vs. lowest quartiles 0.62 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.93) and 0.64 (95% CI: 0.43, 0.97), respectively]. Results for ID were similar.Results from this large case-control study with prospectively collected prenatal measurements do not support the hypothesis that prenatal exposure to PFAS is positively associated with ASD or ID. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1830.
Erratum: Corrigendum: Identification of an imprinted master trans regulator at the KLF14 locus related to multiple metabolic phenotypes
Authors: Kerrin S Small, Åsa K Hedman, Elin Grundberg, Alexandra C Nica, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Augustine Kong, Unnur Thorsteindottir, So-Youn Shin, Hannah B Richards, Nicole Soranzo, Kourosh R Ahmadi, Cecilia M Lindgren, Kari Stefansson, Emmanouil T Dermitzakis, Panos Deloukas, Timothy D Spector, Mark I McCarthy
Journal: Nature Genetics (2011)
The effects of 100% oxygen on breathing pattern are not limited to young children
Authors: Courtney Moore, Eric Horton, Nick Benseler, Renee Jensen, Felix Ratjen
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

Breathing 100% oxygen has been reported to decrease tidal volume ( V T) in infants [1] and recent evidence published in the European Respiratory Journal suggest that transient less pronounced effects are also seen in preschool children [2]. It is unclear whether there is an age dependency beyond infancy in the response to 100% oxygen or whether it is limited to young children. Here we investigate the effects of 100% oxygen on breathing pattern across a spectrum of ages to identify the change in V T that occurs when subjects breathe 100% oxygen during a multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBNW) test. Changes in tidal breathing in response to 100% oxygen exposure are exhibited in subjects of all ages <http://ow.ly/IZne30gIxLW>
The Impact of Pre-Therapeutic Hemoglobin Levels on the Outcome of Patients with Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Treated with Anthracycline Containing Chemotherapy Before and After the Introduction of Rituximab: A Nation-Wide Cohort Study
Authors: Michael Roost Clausen, Sinna Pilgaard Ulrichsen, Thomas Stauffer Larsen, Bodil Himmelstrup, Dorthe Rønnov-Jessen, Per T. Pedersen, Jakob Madsen, Robert Schou Pedersen, Pär Lars Josefsson, Jette Sønderskov Gørløv, Mette Nørgaard, Francesco Annibale D'Amore
Journal: Blood (2017)
Unravelling the fate of functional PD1+ T cells in chronic viral hepatitis
Authors: Eleanor Barnes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2018)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can be managed clinically with nucleos(t)ide therapy, which suppresses viral replication; however, these drugs must often be used long term, as they are unable to fully eliminate the virus. For many patients, discontinuation of treatment results in viral resurgence and hepatic flare, and there is not a reliable way to identify those individuals that can be successfully taken off nucleos(t)ide therapy. In this issue of the JCI, Rivino and colleagues report on their use of a multipronged approach to investigate potential biomarkers indicative of HBV-infected patients who can safely stop nucleos(t)ide therapy. The authors identified a population of HBV-specific, PD1-positive T cells that was present in HBV-infected patients who successfully discontinued treatment without hepatic flare, but not in those that developed flare upon treatment cessation. Together, these results support the concept that PD1+ cells may play an important role in viral control, the further evaluation of this T cell subset in preventing hepatic flare, and the development of assays to better detect this PD1+ T cell population in HBV-infected patients on nucleos(t)ide therapy.
Toward a Culture of Scientific Inquiry — The Role of Medical Teaching Services
Authors: Katrina Armstrong, Rajesh Ranganathan, Mark Fishman
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Interview with Dr. Katrina Armstrong on restoring the role of patient-based inquiry in academic medicine. (09:03)Download With trainees increasingly exposed to a culture that values efficiency, clinical protocols, and specialized expertise over scientific debate and critical thinking, new programs are creating linkages between unexplained patient presentations and scientific inquiry.
Viruses, bacteria, and parasites – oh my! a resurgence of interest in microbial-based therapy for cancer
Authors: Andrew Zloza
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2018)

As infections and cancer are two of the most common maladies affecting human beings, a concerted effort is needed to better understand their potential interactions and to further explore their use in microbial-based cancer treatments. Studies focusing on the interaction between pathogens and cancer began over 4000&nbsp;years ago, but therapeutic application of pathogens has often been bypassed as other cancer therapies have gained wider interest. To many, the field of microbial-based cancer treatment may feel antiquated and already sufficiently explored. However, closer examination reveals that our current knowledge is but a series of dim reflections amongst many yet-unexplored shadows. Particularly, with our increased understanding of pathogen entry, replication, and senescence, coupled with our quickly increasing knowledge regarding cancer initiation, growth, and metastasis, and capped by our realization of the complexity and plasticity of the immune response, we are just now beginning to realize the vastness of the undiscovered area encompassing this field. At the same time, we are now uniquely poised with gained knowledge and discovered tools to join together across disciplines, uncover new positive and negative interactions between pathogens and cancer, and make important progress toward saving cancer patient lives.
Effect of adoption of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer on all cause mortality: quasi-experimental study
Authors: Alexander Melamed, Günther Fink, Alexi A Wright, Nancy L Keating, Allison A Gockley, Marcela G del Carmen, John O Schorge, J Alejandro Rauh-Hain
Journal: BMJ (2018)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Objective</h3> To estimate the causal effect of increased use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) on all cause mortality in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. <h3>Design</h3> Quasi-experimental fuzzy regression discontinuity design and cross sectional analysis. <h3>Setting</h3> Cancer programs throughout the United States accredited by the Commission on Cancer. <h3>Participants</h3> 6034 women with a diagnosis of stage 3C or 4 epithelial ovarian cancer from regions that rapidly adopted use of NACT from 2011 to 2012 (27% increase in the New England and east south central regions) or remained unchanged (control regions, south Atlantic, west north central, and east north central regions). <h3>Main outcome measure</h3> All cause mortality within three years of diagnosis. Kaplan-Meier curves and proportional hazard models were estimated to compare mortality differences between rapidly adopting regions and controls. <h3>Results</h3> 1156 women were treated for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer during 2011 and 2012 in the two rapidly adopting regions and 4878 women in the three control regions. In the rapidly adopting regions, patients treated in 2012 compared with 2011 had a mortality hazard ratio of 0.81 (95% confidence interval 0.71 to 0.94) after adjusting for mortality time trends, whereas no difference was observed in control regions (1.02, 0.93 to 1.12). Compared with control regions, larger declines in 90 day surgical mortality (7.0% to 4.0% <i>v</i> 5.0% to 4.3%, P=0.01) and in the proportion of women not receiving surgery and chemotherapy (20.0% to 17.4% <i>v</i> 19.0 to 19.5%, P=0.04) were observed in rapidly adopting regions. Cross sectional analysis confirmed that treatment in regions with greater use of NACT was associated was lower mortality (P=0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Adoption of NACT for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer in New England and east south central regions led to a sizable reduction in mortality within three years after diagnosis.