tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA08: Polyposis beyond FAP (and <i>APC</i>)
Authors: Roland P. Kuiper
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is the most common high-penetrant Mendelian syndrome predisposing to adenomatous polyposis. FAP is caused by monoallelic germline mutations in the gene APC, and shows autosomal dominant inheritance. A somatic mutation in the remaining wild type APC allele results in loss of APC activity, which is one of the initiating events of adenoma development. The high proliferation rate in the colorectum increases the chance that an intestinal epithelium cell obtains this somatic second hit, which explains why FAP patients usually develop hundreds to thousands of adenomatous polyps and, if untreated, inevitably develop colorectal cancer (CRC). Nevertheless, the majority of polyposis patients and families are not explained by mutations in APC. Since the discovery of FAP in 1991, several additional polyposis syndromes have been discovered, usually associated with lower number of polyps and somewhat less elevated risk of CRC. Many of the genes underlying these syndromes play a role in DNA repair and have a wider tumor spectrum. As becomes apparent from the somatic mutation profiles in tumors of these polyposis patients, these DNA repair deficiencies cause increased somatic mutation rates that affect proliferating tissues like the colon, and accelerate the formation of polyps and carcinomas. As an example, polymerase proofreading associated polyposis (PPAP) is a recently discovered autosomal dominant syndrome caused by mutations in the exonuclease domains of the polymerase genes POLE and POLD1. In addition, mutations in the base excision repair genes MUTYH and NTHL1, and the mismatch repair gene MSH3 underlie autosomal recessive polyposis syndromes. Notably, the incidences of these syndromes, particularly those recently discovered, are low. The question therefore arises how many more genes in which mutations cause high-penetrant polyposis still await their discovery. Here, I will present the latest findings on NTHL1-associated polyposis, it's expected incidence and its phenotypic characteristics. Furthermore, I will discuss the possible role of other DNA glycosylase genes of the base excision repair pathway in the development of polyposis and colorectal cancer. Citation Format: Roland P. Kuiper. Polyposis beyond FAP (and APC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Colorectal Cancer: From Initiation to Outcomes; 2016 Sep 17-20; Tampa, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA08.
The Oncogenic Potential of the Homeobox Gene Cdx2 Is Depending on the MAPK Pathway and Can Be Antagonized by the MEK1/2 Inhibitor PD98059 in a Mouse Model of t(12;13)(p13;q12) Positive AML.
Authors: Vijay P.S. Rawat, Vegi M. Naidu, Christina Schessl, Monica Cusan, R.Keith Humphries, J. P. Lynch, W. Hiddemann, Michaela Feuring-Buske, Christian Buske
Journal: Blood (2004)
Efficacy of palonosetron-based antiemetic prophylaxis in breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline-containing adjuvant chemotherapy: A survey in 41 German gyneco-oncology practices.
Authors: Joerg Peter Schilling, Peter Klare, Antje Wetzel, Kornelia Kittel, Hans-Joachim Hindenburg, Nidal Gazawi, Peter Jungberg, Dagmar Guth, Steffi Busch, Matthias Geberth, Marina Konias, Petra Angelika Ortner, Petra C. Feyer
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e19540 Background: The emesis risk in young breast cancer (BC) patients (pts) receiving adjuvant anthracyclines (A) plus cyclophosphamide (C), taxanes or other cytotoxics is higher than anticipated earlier. Furthermore, antiemetic control seems to decline in subsequent cycles of chemotherapy (CT). The ASCO has classified AC to be highly emetogenic (HEC) in their antiemetic guidelines 2011. Palonosetron (P) is a 5-HT3-receptor-antagonist (5-HT3-RA) with higher receptor affinity and longer biological half-life than older compounds. Data suggest that Palonosetron is clinically more effective in the acute phase and that in contrast to the older 5-HT3-RA it is also effective in the delayed phase. P also showed to maintain its efficacy in subsequent cycles. Current antiemetic guidelines list palonosetron as preferred 5-HT3-RA in moderate emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC). Methods: To evaluate the efficacy of palonosetron after 4 cycles of A containing chemotherapy in BC patients, we have conducted a survey in 41 practices of the BNGO in Germany. Between Nov 2007 and Jan 2012 1299 patients have been documented. Median age was 55 years. Severity, frequency, duration and onset of N/V were recorded in a patient diary. Efficacy criteria were complete control CC (no V, no rescue, mild N); complete response (CR: no V, no rescue) and rescue medication. Results: At the beginning P was used as single agent (56%). Following the MASCC 2010 guidelines P was used in combination with dexamethasone (PDex, 15%) or plus dex and NK1-RA (PNDex, 23%), 16% of pts received additional medication. Efficacy after 4 cycles of CT: Overall (5 days): Complete control CC: (no V, no rescue, mild N) 63,3% of pts, complete response (CR: no V, no rescue) 73,7%; Rescue Medication was needed in 15,6% of pts. PDex CC 48,7%, CR 69,8 %, PNDex: CC 76,3%, CR % 83,33. N was also very well controlled: Overall (5 days) 56% of pts no nausea, 15% moderate N 3% severe N. Conclusions: Palonosetron in combination with dex and NK1-RA is very effective to control nausea and vomiting in A-based adjuvant chemotherapy in young breast cancer patients after 4 cycles of chemotherapy.
Abstract ES7-2: ES7-2 Mechanisms of resistant to therapy in ER positive cancer
Authors: NC Turner
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Recent years have seen substantial advances in our understanding of ER positive/ HER2 negative breast cancer, both in the genetics of this subtype of breast cancer and the biological processes the drive tumor growth and resistance to therapy. Diverse targetable mutations have been identified in studies of primary breast cancer, along with acquired mutations in the estrogen receptor (ESR1) found in 30% of advanced breast cancers that progress on aromatase inhibitors. The therapeutic significance of this genetic diversity is being explored in ongoing studies. Therapies that target mTOR and CDK4/6 have entered routine clinical practice, demonstrating substantial improvements in progression free survival for patients with advanced cancer. The ongoing challenge is to identify biomarkers of sensitivity, to assist in selecting patients who benefit, and identify mechanisms of resistance to therapy to identify the optimal schedule of therapies and identify novel therapeutic approaches for resistant disease. Citation Format: Turner NC. ES7-2 Mechanisms of resistant to therapy in ER positive cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES7-2.
Household transmission of invasive group A Streptococcus infections in England: a population-based study, 2009, 2011 to 2013
Authors: Rachel Mearkle, Maria Saavedra-Campos, Theresa Lamagni, Martine Usdin, Juliana Coelho, Vicki Chalker, Shiranee Sriskandan, Rebecca Cordery, Chas Rawlings, Sooria Balasegaram
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2017)

Invasive group A streptococcal infection has a 15% case fatality rate and a risk of secondary transmission. This retrospective study used two national data sources from England; enhanced surveillance (2009) and a case management system (2011-2013) to identify clusters of severe group A streptococcal disease. Twenty-four household pairs were identified. The median onset interval between cases was 2 days (range 0-28) with simultaneous onset in eight pairs. The attack rate during the 30 days after first exposure to a primary case was 4,520 per 100,000 person-years at risk (95% confidence interval (CI): 2,900-6,730) a 1,940 (95% CI: 1,240-2,880) fold elevation over the background incidence. The theoretical number needed to treat to prevent one secondary case using antibiotic prophylaxis was 271 overall (95% CI: 194-454), 50 for mother-neonate pairs (95% CI: 27-393) and 82 for couples aged 75 years and over (95% CI: 46-417). While a dramatically increased risk of infection was noted in all household contacts, increased risk was greatest for mother-neonate pairs and couples aged 75 and over, suggesting targeted prophylaxis could be considered. Offering prophylaxis is challenging due to the short time interval between cases emphasising the importance of immediate notification and assessment of contacts.
Adjusted Analyses in Studies Addressing Therapy and Harm
Authors: Thomas Agoritsas, Arnaud Merglen, Nilay D. Shah, Martin O’Donnell, Gordon H. Guyatt
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Observational studies almost always have bias because prognostic factors are unequally distributed between patients exposed or not exposed to an intervention. The standard approach to dealing with this problem is adjusted or stratified analysis. Its principle is to use measurement of risk factors to create prognostically homogeneous groups and to combine effect estimates across groups.The purpose of this Users' Guide is to introduce readers to fundamental concepts underlying adjustment as a way of dealing with prognostic imbalance and to the basic principles and relative trustworthiness of various adjustment strategies.One alternative to the standard approach is propensity analysis, in which groups are matched according to the likelihood of membership in exposed or unexposed groups. Propensity methods can deal with multiple prognostic factors, even if there are relatively few patients having outcome events. However, propensity methods do not address other limitations of traditional adjustment: investigators may not have measured all relevant prognostic factors (or not accurately), and unknown factors may bias the results.A second approach, instrumental variable analysis, relies on identifying a variable associated with the likelihood of receiving the intervention but not associated with any prognostic factor or with the outcome (other than through the intervention); this could mimic randomization. However, as with assumptions of other adjustment approaches, it is never certain if an instrumental variable analysis eliminates bias.Although all these approaches can reduce the risk of bias in observational studies, none replace the balance of both known and unknown prognostic factors offered by randomization.
Pituitary Adenoma Recurrence Suspected on Central Hyperthyroidism Despite Empty Sella and Confirmed by 68Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT
Authors: Mathieu Gauthé, Julie Sarfati, Nathalie Bourcigaux, Sophie Christin-Maitre, Jean-Noël Talbot, Françoise Montravers
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2017)

Thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas are very rare tumors, known to present overexpression of somatostatin receptor subtype 2 and which may consequently demonstrate abnormal uptake on Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT. A 67-year-old woman with a history of operated pituitary macroadenoma presented with symptoms of hyperthyroidism including a large goiter. Her serum thyroid hormone levels were in favor of central hyperthyroidism. Pituitary MRI depicted an empty sella but visualized an ambiguous lesion centered on the left sphenoidal sinus. Complementary Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT finally demonstrated intense uptake by the sphenoidal lesion, confirming recurrence of the pituitary adenoma.
Unrelated Donor (URD) Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HCT) for Adults with Philadelphia Chromosome Negative Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) in First Complete Remission (CR1): A Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) Analysis.
Authors: David I. Marks, Waleska S. Pérez, Vincent He, Mei-Jie Zhang, Armand Keating, Martin Tallman, Jorge Sierra, Daniel Weisdorf
Journal: Blood (2007)
Health and Access to Care during the First 2 Years of the ACA Medicaid Expansions
Authors: Sarah Miller, Laura R. Wherry
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

By September 2015, a total of 29 states and Washington, D.C., were participating in Medicaid expansions under the Affordable Care Act. We examined whether Medicaid expansions were associated with changes in insurance coverage, health care use, and health among low-income adults.We compared changes in outcomes during the 2 years after implementation of the Medicaid expansion (2014 and 2015) relative to the 4 years before expansion (2010 through 2013) in states with and without expansions, using data from the National Health Interview Survey. The sample consisted of 60,766 U.S. citizens who were 19 to 64 years of age and had incomes below 138% of the federal poverty level. Outcomes included insurance coverage, access to and use of medical care in the past 12 months, and health status as reported by the respondents.A total of 29 states and Washington, D.C., expanded Medicaid by September 1, 2015. In year 2 after implementation, uninsurance rates were reduced in expansion states relative to nonexpansion states (difference-in-differences estimate, -8.2 percentage points; P<0.001) and rates of Medicaid coverage were increased (difference-in-differences estimate, 15.6 percentage points; P<0.001). Expansions were not associated with significant changes in the likelihood of a doctor visit or overnight hospital stay or health status as reported by the respondent. However, as compared with nonexpansion states, expansion states had a decrease in reports of inability to afford needed follow-up care (difference-in-differences estimate, -3.4 percentage points; P=0.002) and in reports of worry about paying medical bills (difference-in-differences estimate, -7.9 percentage points; P=0.002) and an increase in reports of medical care being delayed because of wait times for appointments (difference-in-differences estimate, 2.6 percentage points; P=0.02).Medicaid expansion was associated with increased insurance coverage and access to care during the second year of implementation, but it was also associated with longer wait times for appointments, which suggests that challenges in access to care persist.
Abstract P2-01-29: In the era of conservative surgery, can patients presenting with node positive breast cancer be spared axillary node dissection post neoadjuvant chemotherapy? A meta-analysis and review of literature
Authors: H Headon, HEH Chehade, O El Tokhy, U Wazir, J Heeney, A Kasem, K Mokbel
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Background:The use of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients presenting with clinically positive lymph nodes remains controversial. Methods: A computer-aided search of the literature regarding SLNB in clinically node-positive breast cancer treated with NAC was carried out to identify the false negative rate (FNR), sentinel lymph node identification rate (IR), and axillary pathological complete response (pCR). Results: Nineteen articles were used in the analysis yielding 3398 patients. The pooled estimate of the FNR was 13% and that of the IR was 91%. The adjusted pCR rate was 47%. Conclusions: SLNB after NAC in biopsy-proven node positive patients results in reasonably acceptable FNR and IR making it a valid alternative management strategy to axillary dissection. Although the results are not matched with those in clinically node negative patients, a FNR of 13% is very unlikely to adversely affect overall survival. Its impact on locoregional recurrence should be evaluated in adequately powered future studies. More refined patient selection and optimal techniques can improve the FNR and IR in this patient population. Citation Format: Headon H, Chehade HEH, El Tokhy O, Wazir U, Heeney J, Kasem A, Mokbel K. In the era of conservative surgery, can patients presenting with node positive breast cancer be spared axillary node dissection post neoadjuvant chemotherapy? A meta-analysis and review of literature [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-29.
Quantitative Measurement of CD52 Expression and Alemtuzumab Binding in Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): Correlation with Immunophenotype and Cytogenetics in Patients (Pts) Enrolled on a Phase I/II Trial from the Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB 10102).
Authors: Gerard Lozanski, Ben Sanford, Krzysztof Mrozek, Colin Edwards, Rebecca Pearson, Clara D. Bloomfield, Richard A. Larson, Wendy Stock
Journal: Blood (2007)
The Relationship of Depression and Anxiety and Impact of Cancer in Long-Term Survivors of Haematological Malignancy.
Authors: Ania Korszun, Rachel Johnson, Shah-Jalal Sarker, Chowdhury Kashfia, Charlotte Clark, Paul Greaves, Judith Kingston, Gill Levitt, Janet Matthews, Rebecca Matthews, Matthew Smith, John G Gribben, T. Andrew Lister
Journal: Blood (2012)
Combination of Selinexor with High-Dose Cytarabine (HiDAC) and Mitoxantrone (Mito) for Remission Induction in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) Is Feasible and Tolerable
Authors: Amy Y Wang, Howie Lawrence Weiner, Margaret Green, Richard A. Larson, Olatoyosi Odenike, Andrew Artz, Lucy A Godley, Michael J. Thirman, Jane E Churpek, Emily K. Curran, Kristen Pettit, Wendy Stock, Hongtao Liu
Journal: Blood (2016)
Abstract P1-02-08: Provista-002: A prospective, multi-center study to determine the effectiveness of a biomarker assay to distinguish benign from invasive breast cancer in women with BI-RADS 3, 4 and 5 imaging reports
Authors: J Wolf, A Lourenco, J Alpers, N Rohatgi, C Constantini, A Hollingsworth, S Grobmyer, H Pederson, A Haythem, W Polen, D Northfelt, M Morris, K Baker, K Ghosh, F Kass, E Arterbery, R Yang, Q Tran, E Letsios, R Mulpuri, DE Reese
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract This abstract was not presented at the symposium.
Contents, Vol. 47, 1987
Authors: F.H. Roldan, H. Warnes, J. Blustein, Herbert Weiner, Zbigniew J. Lipowski, Juan J. López-Ibor, Cairns Aitken, Giovanni A. Fava, Thomas N. Wise, Walter Vandereycken, A. Singer, S. Thompson, C. Kraiuhin, E. Gordon, G. Howe, A. Howson, R. Meares, Leigh James, Andrew Singer, Yvonne Zurynski, Evian Gordon, Claudia Kraiuhin, Anthony Harris, Alan Howson, Russell Meares, Vincenta Leigh, Sue Smolski, H.R. Winefield, A.H. Winefield, M. Tiggemann, S. Smith, Adam J. Krakowski
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (1987)
Population-based screening for ACPAs: a step in the pathway to the prevention of rheumatoid arthritis?
Authors: Michael Mahler
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

Anticitrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPAs), in addition to rheumatoid factor (RF), represent a serological hallmark in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this context and with interest I read the recent article by van Zanten et al 1 summarising the results from the Dutch ‘Lifelines Study’, a large population-based study of 40 132 individuals. In this setting and using an adjusted cut-off for the ACPA assay, the prevalence of ACPAs was 1.0% and associated older age, female gender, smoking, joint complaints, RA and first-degree relatives with rheumatism.

The early identification of patients in the preclinical phase of RA is of high importance as it became evident during the last decade that early intervention can prevent joint damage in patients with RA. Consequently, several ongoing studies are focused on the prevention of RA based on the treatment of individuals at high risk to develop RA.2 All these prevention trials leverage the concept of the ‘window of opportunity’ to prevent or delay the clinical ravages and attending healthcare expenditures associated with RA. Although a …
Identification of the biomarkers for the prediction of efficacy in the first-line chemotherapy of metastatic colorectal cancer patients using SELDI-TOF-MS and artificial neural networks.
Authors: Ying Yuan, Hong Shen, Mo-Dan Li, Chun-Wen Tan, Jie-Kai Yu, Xue-Feng Fang, Shu Zheng
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e14026 Background: For patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, both FOLFOX regimen and FOLFIRI regimen are considered as first-line choices. However, only about half of patients could have an obvious response, and there are no clinically useful markers that could predict the response to these regimens respectively. A major clinical challenge is to identify the subset of patients who could benefit from those regimens. We aimed at identifying serum protein patterns which could predict the efficacy of chemotherapy. Methods: Serum from 70 patients diagnosed as metastatic colorectal cancer before first-line chemotherapy were collected and analyzed for protein patterns using artificial neural networks (ANN) analysis of surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). Among the 70 cases, 44 patients received FOLFOX chemotherapy, while the other 26 patients received FOLFIRI chemotherapy. After four cycles of the treatment, RECIST criteria were used to define the responders (R) and non-responders (NR). Results: With the method of SELDI-TOF-MS,a potential predicting pattern consisting of 6 biomarkers (9,298m/z, 9,282m/z, 4,606m/z, 9,198m/z, 7,775m/z and 2,266m/z) was identified in the patients receiving FOLFOX chemotherapy. Using this predicting pattern, the responders could be separated from the non-responders with a sensitivity of 92.9%, and a specificity of 81.3%. Another potential predicting pattern that consisted of 7 biomarkers (4,321m/z, 4,305m/z, 2,648m/z, 2,952m/z, 4,121m/z, 4,292m/z and 3,980 m/z) was identified in the patients who have received FOLFIRI chemotherapy. Using this predicting pattern, the responders could be separated from the non-responders with a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 92.3 %. Conclusions: Two potential patterns for the prediction of efficacy of FOLFOX or FOLFIRI chemotherapy were established in this preliminary study. These protein patterns could be helpful for oncologists to make a decision in selecting suitable first-line regimens for metastatic colorectal cancer patients.
Early Serum Free Light Chain Responses Following High-Dose Melphalan and Stem Cell Transplantation for AL Amyloidosis.
Authors: Saulius Girnius, Frank Tsai, David C. Seldin, Karen Quillen, Lisa Yanarella, Kathleen T. Finn, Nancy T. Andrea, John Mark Sloan, Martha Skinner, Vaishali Sanchorawala
Journal: Blood (2009)
Clinical Outcomes of 420 MDS Patients Treated with 5-Azacytidine: Evaluation of Overall Survival, Duration of Treatment and Rate of Discontinuation in a Real Life Study from the Italian MDS Registry of Fondazione Italiana Sindromi Mielodisplastiche (FISM)
Authors: Marino Clavio, Daniela Gioia, Manuela Ceccarelli, Chiara Monagheddu, Enrico Balleari, Maurizio Miglino, Anna Angela Di Tucci, Bernardino Allione, Antonella Poloni, Carlo Finelli, Chiara Aguzzi, Carmine Selleri, Paolo Danise, Daniela Cilloni, Valentina Gaidano, Marina Cavaliere, Tullio Calzamiglia, Roberto Freilone, Gianni Cametti, Anna Rita Conconi, Mauro Mezzabotta, Riccardo Goretti, Pellegrino Musto, Gianluca Gaidano, Fabrizio Pane, Emanuele Angelucci, Alessandro Levis, Valeria Santini
Journal: Blood (2016)