tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Primary Diffuse Leptomeningeal Melanomatosis of Spine
Authors: Asli Ayan, Aylin Akbulut, Guzin Deveci, Gokhan Koca
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

Primary diffuse leptomeningeal melanomatosis is a rare variant of malignant melanoma of the central nervous system, arising from melanocytes of leptomeninges. It may involve leptomeninges and may invade brain superficially. The diagnosis of the disease with conventional imaging techniques is quite difficult. This case demonstrates the F-FDG uptake of primary diffuse leptomeningeal melanomatosis matching with MRI contrast enhancement regions particularly in the lower thoracic and superior lumbar region.
Early-Life Formation of the Microbial and Immunological Environment of the Human Airways
Authors: Céline Pattaroni, Martin L. Watzenboeck, Sabrina Schneidegger, Silas Kieser, Nicholas C. Wong, Eric Bernasconi, Julie Pernot, Louis Mercier, Sylvia Knapp, Laurent P. Nicod, Colin P. Marsland, Matthias Roth-Kleiner, Benjamin J. Marsland
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2018)
Analysis of Physician Variation in Provision of Low-Value Services
Authors: Aaron L. Schwartz, Anupam B. Jena, Alan M. Zaslavsky, J. Michael McWilliams
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

Facing new financial incentives to reduce unnecessary spending, health care organizations may attempt to reduce wasteful care by influencing physician practices or selecting more cost-effective physicians. However, physicians' role in determining the use of low-value services has not been well described.To quantify variation in provision of low-value health care services among primary care physicians and to estimate the proportion of variation attributable to physician characteristics that may be used to predict performance.This retrospective analysis included national Medicare fee-for-service claims of 3 159 834 beneficiaries served by 41 773 generalist physicians from January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2013 (data were analyzed in 2016 through 2018). Multilevel modeling was used to estimate the extent of variation in service use across physicians within their region and provider organization, adjusted for patient clinical and sociodemographic characteristics and sampling variation. The proportion of variation attributable to physician characteristics that may be used to predict performance (age, sex, academic degree, professorship, publication record, trial investigation, grant receipt, pharmaceutical or device manufacturer payment, and panel size) was estimated via additional regression analysis.Annual count per beneficiary of 17 primary care-associated services that provide minimal clinical benefit.Among the 3 159 834 beneficiaries (58.3% women; mean [SD] age, 73.2 [11.0] years) served by 41 773 physicians (74.9% men; mean [SD] age, 48.0 [10.1] years), the mean annual rate of low-value services was 33.1 services per 100 beneficiaries. Considerable variation across physicians within the same region was found (SD, 8.8 [95% CI, 8.7-8.9]; 90th:10th percentile ratio, 2.03 [95% CI, 2.01-2.06]) and across physicians within the same organization (SD, 6.1 [95% CI, 6.0-6.2]; 90th:10th percentile ratio, 1.61 [95% CI, 1.60-1.63]). The corresponding rates at the 10th percentile of physicians within region and within organization respectively were 21.8 and 25.3 services per 100 beneficiaries. Observable physician characteristics accounted for only 4.4% of physician variation within region and 1.4% of physician variation within organization.Physician practices may substantially contribute to low-value service use, which is prevalent even among the least wasteful physicians. Because little variation is predicted by measured physician characteristics, direct measures of low-value care provision may aid organizational efforts to encourage high-value practices.
The evaluation of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance: a consensus report of the International Kidney and Monoclonal Gammopathy Research Group
Authors: Nelson Leung, Frank Bridoux, Vecihi Batuman, Aristeidis Chaidos, Paul Cockwell, Vivette D. D’Agati, Angela Dispenzieri, Fernando C. Fervenza, Jean-Paul Fermand, Simon Gibbs, Julian D. Gillmore, Guillermo A. Herrera, Arnaud Jaccard, Dragan Jevremovic, Efstathios Kastritis, Vishal Kukreti, Robert A. Kyle, Helen J. Lachmann, Christopher P. Larsen, Heinz Ludwig, Glen S. Markowitz, Giampaolo Merlini, Peter Mollee, Maria M. Picken, Vincent S. Rajkumar, Virginie Royal, Paul W. Sanders, Sanjeev Sethi, Christopher P. Venner, Peter M. Voorhees, Ashutosh D. Wechalekar, Brendan M. Weiss, Samih H. Nasr
Journal: Nature Reviews Nephrology (2018)

Abstract The term monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) was introduced by the International Kidney and Monoclonal Gammopathy Research Group (IKMG) in 2012. The IKMG met in April 2017 to refine the definition of MGRS and to update the diagnostic criteria for MGRS-related diseases. Accordingly, in this Expert Consensus Document, the IKMG redefines MGRS as a clonal proliferative disorder that produces a nephrotoxic monoclonal immunoglobulin and does not meet previously defined haematological criteria for treatment of a specific malignancy. The diagnosis of MGRS-related disease is established by kidney biopsy and immunofluorescence studies to identify the monotypic immunoglobulin deposits (although these deposits are minimal in patients with either C3 glomerulopathy or thrombotic microangiopathy). Accordingly, the IKMG recommends a kidney biopsy in patients suspected of having MGRS to maximize the chance of correct diagnosis. Serum and urine protein electrophoresis and immunofixation, as well as analyses of serum free light chains, should also be performed to identify the monoclonal immunoglobulin, which helps to establish the diagnosis of MGRS and might also be useful for assessing responses to treatment. Finally, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy should be conducted to identify the lymphoproliferative clone. Flow cytometry can be helpful in identifying small clones. Additional genetic tests and fluorescent in situ hybridization studies are helpful for clonal identification and for generating treatment recommendations. Treatment of MGRS was not addressed at the 2017 IKMG meeting; consequently, this Expert Consensus Document does not include any recommendations for the treatment of patients with MGRS.
Association of Early Introduction of Solids With Infant Sleep
Authors: Jennifer N. Felder, Kathryn Lee
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Response to Fungal Dysbiosis by Gut-Resident CX3CR1+ Mononuclear Phagocytes Aggravates Allergic Airway Disease
Authors: Xin Li, Irina Leonardi, Alexa Semon, Itai Doron, Iris H. Gao, Gregory Garbès Putzel, Youngjun Kim, Hiroki Kabata, David Artis, William D. Fiers, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait, Iliyan D. Iliev
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2018)
Peribiliary Glands Are Key in Regeneration of the Human Biliary Epithelium After Severe Bile Duct Injury
Authors: Iris E.M. de Jong, Alix P.M. Matton, Jasper B. van Praagh, Wouter T. van Haaften, Janneke Wiersema‐Buist, Louise A. van Wijk, Dorenda Oosterhuis, Raditya Iswandana, Su Suriguga, Diletta Overi, Ton Lisman, Guido Carpino, Annette S.H. Gouw, Peter Olinga, Eugenio Gaudio, Robert J. Porte
Journal: Hepatology (2018)

Peribiliary glands (PBG) are a source of stem/progenitor cells organized in a cellular network encircling large bile ducts. Severe cholangiopathy with loss of luminal biliary epithelium has been proposed to activate PBG, resulting in cell proliferation and differentiation to restore biliary epithelial integrity. However, formal evidence for this concept in human livers is lacking. We therefore developed an ex vivo model using precision‐cut slices of extrahepatic human bile ducts obtained from discarded donor livers, providing an intact anatomical organization of cell structures, to study spatiotemporal differentiation and migration of PBG cells after severe biliary injury. Postischemic bile duct slices were incubated in oxygenated culture medium for up to a week. At baseline, severe tissue injury was evident with loss of luminal epithelial lining and mural stroma necrosis. In contrast, PBG remained relatively well preserved and different reactions of PBG were noted, including PBG dilatation, cell proliferation, and maturation. Proliferation of PBG cells increased after 24 hours of oxygenated incubation, reaching a peak after 72 hours. Proliferation of PBG cells was paralleled by a reduction in PBG apoptosis and differentiation from a primitive and pluripotent (homeobox protein Nanog+/ sex‐determining region Y‐box 9+) to a mature (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator+/secretin receptor+) and activated phenotype (increased expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 alpha, glucose transporter 1, and vascular endothelial growth factor A). Migration of proliferating PBG cells in our ex vivo model was unorganized, but resulted in generation of epithelial monolayers at stromal surfaces. Conclusion: Human PBG contain biliary progenitor cells and are able to respond to bile duct epithelial loss with proliferation, differentiation, and maturation to restore epithelial integrity. The ex vivo spatiotemporal behavior of human PBG cells provides evidence for a pivotal role of PBG in biliary regeneration after severe injury.
Prevention and Treatment of Opioid Misuse and Addiction
Authors: Nora D. Volkow, Emily B. Jones, Emily B. Einstein, Eric M. Wargo
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> More than 42 000 Americans died of opioid overdoses in 2016, and the fatalities continue to increase. This review analyzes the factors that triggered the opioid crisis and its further evolution, along with the interventions to manage and prevent opioid use disorder (OUD), which are fundamental for curtailing the opioid crisis. <h3>Observations</h3> Opioid drugs are among the most powerful analgesics but also among the most addictive. The current opioid crisis, initially triggered by overprescription of opioid analgesics, which facilitated their diversion and misuse, has now expanded to heroin and illicit synthetic opioids (fentanyl and its analogues), the potency of which further increases their addictiveness and lethality. Although there are effective medications to treat OUD (methadone hydrochloride, buprenorphine, and naltrexone hydrochloride), these medications are underused, and the risk of relapse is still high. Strategies to expand medication use and treatment retention include greater involvement of health care professionals (including psychiatrists) and approaches to address comorbidities. In particular, the high prevalence of depression and suicidality among patients with OUD, if untreated, contributes to relapse and increases the risk of overdose fatalities. Prevention interventions include screening and early detection of psychiatric disorders, which increase the risk of substance use disorders, including OUD. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Although overprescription of opioid medications triggered the opioid crisis, improving opioid prescription practices for pain management, although important for addressing the opioid crisis, is no longer sufficient. In parallel, strategies to expand access to medication for OUD and improve treatment retention, including a more active involvement of psychiatrists who are optimally trained to address psychiatric comorbidities, are fundamental to preventing fatalities and achieving recovery. Research into new treatments for OUD, models of care for OUD management that include health care, and interventions to prevent OUD may further help resolve the opioid crisis and prevent it from happening again.
A systematic review of symptom experiences in survivors of colorectal cancer.
Authors: Claire J Han, Gee-Su Yang, Kerryn Reding, Karen L Syrjala
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

186 Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosis in the US. With expanding survival rates, increasing numbers of CRC survivors live with long-term disease and treatment-side effects. There is limited research about symptom experiences from which to provide evidence-based symptom management guidelines for CRC survivors. This study systematically reviews published studies on symptoms in CRC survivors, with an aim to understand symptom experiences and with a broad goal of developing effective symptom interventions and improving CRC survivorship. Methods: A systematic search for relevant studies between the years 2005-2018 was conducted with Scopus, CINAHL, Medline via PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), and PsycINFO. A systematic literature review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Results: Of an initial 588 unique studies, 33 were identified for inclusion in the systematic review. The majority of studies were conducted in the UK or had a cross-sectional design. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life-C30 was the most frequently used instrument to assess symptoms. When we converted symptom severity scores and symptom occurrences among CRC survivors on a 0-100 scale, the most severe and frequently reported symptom across the 33 studies was fecal incontinence (mean severity: 50 points; mean occurrence: 52%), followed by fatigue (mean severity: 49 points; mean occurrence: 44%). Patients who reported lack of symptom management information, poor family and social supports, and presence of a stoma also reported more frequent and more severe symptoms. Symptom experiences were correlated with poor quality of life, low physical activity, daily life interferences, problems with sexual relationships, financial concerns, and negative body image. Conclusions: CRC survivors experienced a unique set of symptoms. Research is needed on symptom trajectories across the cancer continuum, strategies to incorporate family and other social supports for managing symptoms, and to enhance communication between oncologists, patients and caregivers that will support improved symptom control.
Preoperative administration of the 5-HT4 receptor agonist prucalopride reduces intestinal inflammation and shortens postoperative ileus via cholinergic enteric neurons
Authors: Nathalie Stakenborg, Evelien Labeeuw, Pedro J Gomez-Pinilla, Sebastiaan De Schepper, Raymond Aerts, Gera Goverse, Giovanna Farro, Iris Appeltans, Elisa Meroni, Michelle Stakenborg, Maria Francesca Viola, Erika Gonzalez-Dominguez, Goele Bosmans, Yeranddy A Alpizar, Albert Wolthuis, Andre D’Hoore, Kim Van Beek, Simon Verheijden, Marleen Verhaegen, Rita Derua, Etienne Waelkens, Milena Moretti, Cecilia Gotti, Patrick Augustijns, Karel Talavera, Pieter Vanden Berghe, Gianluca Matteoli, Guy E Boeckxstaens
Journal: Gut (2018)

Objectives Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), most likely via enteric neurons, prevents postoperative ileus (POI) by reducing activation of alpha7 nicotinic receptor (α7nAChR) positive muscularis macrophages (mMφ) and dampening surgery-induced intestinal inflammation. Here, we evaluated if 5-HT4 receptor (5-HT4R) agonist prucalopride can mimic this effect in mice and human. Design Using Ca 2+ imaging, the effect of electrical field stimulation (EFS) and prucalopride was evaluated in situ on mMφ activation evoked by ATP in jejunal muscularis tissue. Next, preoperative and postoperative administration of prucalopride (1–5 mg/kg) was compared with that of preoperative VNS in a model of POI in wild-type and α7nAChR knockout mice. Finally, in a pilot study, patients undergoing a Whipple procedure were preoperatively treated with prucalopride (n=10), abdominal VNS (n=10) or sham/placebo (n=10) to evaluate the effect on intestinal inflammation and clinical recovery of POI. Results EFS reduced the ATP-induced Ca 2+ response of mMφ, an effect that was dampened by neurotoxins tetrodotoxin and ω-conotoxin and mimicked by prucalopride. In vivo, prucalopride administered before, but not after abdominal surgery reduced intestinal inflammation and prevented POI in wild-type, but not in α7nAChR knockout mice. In humans, preoperative administration of prucalopride, but not of VNS, decreased Il6 and Il8 expression in the muscularis externa and improved clinical recovery. Conclusion Enteric neurons dampen mMφ activation, an effect mimicked by prucalopride. Preoperative, but not postoperative treatment with prucalopride prevents intestinal inflammation and shortens POI in both mice and human, indicating that preoperative administration of 5-HT4R agonists should be further evaluated as a treatment of POI. Trial registration number NCT02425774 .
Dermatomyositis: a slow path towards targeted therapies or will conventional therapies prevail?
Authors: V. Piguet, E. Choy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Linked Articles:Thompson et al. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:1256–1262. Callander et al. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:1248–1255.
PD-L1 Antibody Comparison in Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Maud Rijnders, Astrid A.M. van der Veldt, Tahlita C.M. Zuiverloon, Katrien Grünberg, Erik Thunnissen, Ronald de Wit, Geert J.L.H. van Leenders
Journal: European Urology (2018)
#15 Applying the IDEAL framework to a methodological complex intervention (PIRRIST) (poster presentation)
Authors: J. Crocker, N. Farrar, S. Treweek, S. Petit-Zeman, A. Chant, J. Bostock, K. Woolfall, None Locock, S. Rees, R. Bulbulia
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2018)
Opioid education for early gynecologic oncology practitioners, filling a much-needed gap.
Authors: Alexis Noel Hokenstad, Carolyn Lefkowits, Neil T. Phippen, Kristen Paige Bunch, Lindsay Wheeler, Amanika Kumar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

131 Background: Gynecologic oncologists report a lack of knowledge and comfort with palliative care topics including opioid management, despite their clinical importance. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of an online opioid educational module among gynecologic oncologists. Methods: A 25-minute video module was developed to provide an overview and example cases for opioid initiation, titration, and conversion. Fellows and early career gynecologic oncologists were invited to participate in a 24-question online survey addressing demographics, palliative care education in training, and preparedness and opioid-related knowledge. After viewing the module, participants completed a post-intervention survey, which was comprised of the same six knowledge-based questions and an assessment of the module. Responses were anonymous. A 3 month follow up survey will be sent to assess knowledge retention. Results: A total of 38 participants completed the initial and post-module survey, including 14 residents, 12 fellows, and 12 candidate members. Nineteen (50%) respondents had been previously taught to calculate a 24-hour oral morphine equivalent (OME) and to titrate opioids, but only 7 (18%) had received formal teaching on opioid rotation. Twenty four (63%) participants rated the quality of teaching overall in their fellowship as good, very good, or excellent, but only 15 (39%) rated palliative care education as at least good. Eleven (30%) respondents had a palliative care rotation in fellowship. Knowledge scores improved from pre-module to post-module, 49.5% correct answers compared to 74.6% (p&lt;0.001). Thirty five (92%) of respondents were satisfied or very satisfied with this module and are interested in additional palliative care modules. Conclusions: A single online palliative care education module was associated with significantly improved participant knowledge on opioid management. Over 90% of respondents were satisfied with the module demonstrating an opportunity for improvement in palliative care education in gynecologic oncology via online education.
Long-Term Follow-up of Acalabrutinib Monotherapy in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Michael Wang, Simon Rule, Pier Luigi Zinzani, Andre Goy, Olivier Casasnovas, Stephen D. Smith, Gandhi Damaj, Jeanette K. Doorduijn, Thierry Lamy, Franck Morschhauser, Carlos Panizo, Bijal D. Shah, Andrew Davies, Richard Eek, Jehan Dupuis, Eric Jacobsen, Arnon P. Kater, Steven LE Gouill, Lucie Oberic, Tadeusz Robak, Richa Dua, Melanie M. Frigault, Raquel Izumi, Dorothy Nguyen, Priti Patel, Ming Yin, Wojciech Jurczak
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract XXXXX : H2 Gas Improves Functional Outcome After Cardiac Arrest to an Extent Comparable to Therapeutic Hypothermia in a Rat Model
Authors: Kei Hayashida, Motoaki Sano, Naomi Kamimura, Takashi Yokota, Masaru Suzuki, Shingo Hori, Yuichiro Maekawa, Akio Kawamura, Takayuki Abe, Shigeo Ohta, Keiichi Fukuda
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Kei Hayashida, 2013 Finalist and Presenting Author