tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
P14.24 Are lateral cervical punctures under-utilized?
Authors: Y. Umemura, K. Panageas
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and utility of fluoroscopy guided lateral cervical punctures in current neuro-oncologic practice. BACKGROUND: CSF examination is indicated in various neurological disorders including infection, inflammation, and malignancy. Suspicion of leptomeningeal metastases may require multiple lumbar punctures before a definitive diagnosis is reached. Despite multiple lumbar punctures, a diagnosis oftentimes remains elusive. Although the classic cisternal puncture is associated with morbid risks of medullary hemorrhage, fluoroscopy guided lateral cervical puncture has been noted to be safe alternative in obtaining CSF from a high cervical level. Evidence for the utility of cervical puncture after non-diagnostic lumbar punctures remains lacking. METHODS: Single institution retrospective review of fluoroscopy guided lateral cervical punctures performed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from 12/2009 to 1/2016. Results: CSF samples were obtained from 3193 patients between 12/2009 and 1/2016. Fluoroscopy guided lateral cervical puncture was used to obtain CSF from 52 of these patients. Previous lumbar puncture was non-diagnostic in 37 patients. In 15 patients, no prior lumbar puncture was done. Fluoroscopy guided lateral cervical punctures were performed for both therapeutic (n=2) and diagnostic (n=50) indications. Diagnostic lateral cervical punctures were undertaken in 50 patients to evaluate suspected leptomeningeal metastases (n=47) and CNS infection (n=3). Analysis of CSF from these cervical punctures altered clinical management in 15 patients (32%): 10 began chemotherapy, 1 received IVIG for confirmed paraneoplastic syndrome, CNS infection was ruled out in 2 patients; 2 others were treated for confirmed CNS infections. In 5 out of 37 patients with prior non-diagnostic lumbar punctures, leptomeningeal metastasis was diagnosed by subsequent cervical punctures. There were no immediate or delayed complications related to the fluoroscopy guided lateral cervical puncture procedures. Conclusions: Fluoroscopy guided lateral cervical puncture is both diagnostically and therapeutically useful in both malignant and non-malignant CNS disease. The procedure is well-tolerated and can alter clinical management. Fluoroscopy guided lateral cervical puncture should be considered in patients for whom LP is contraindicated or non-diagnostic.
A PHASE 1/2 Clinical Trial of Brentuximab-Vedotin and Bendamustin in Elderly Patients with Previously Untreated Advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma (HALO STUDY. NCT identifier : 02467946): Preliminary Report
Authors: Andrea Gallamini, Alessandro Rambaldi, Fontanet Bijou, Aurore Perrot, Caterina Patti, Lauris Gastaud, Roberto Sorasio, Colin Debaigt, Emmanuel Chamorey, Simonetta Viviani, Antoine Thyss
Journal: Blood (2016)
Early tumor detection afforded by in vivo imaging of near-infrared II fluorescence
Authors: Zhimin Tao, Xiangnan Dang, Xing Huang, Mandar D. Muzumdar, Eric S. Xu, Neelkanth Manoj Bardhan, Haiqin Song, Ruogu Qi, Yingjie Yu, Ting Li, Wei Wei, Jeffrey Wyckoff, Michael J. Birrer, Angela M. Belcher, P. Peter Ghoroghchian
Journal: Biomaterials (2017)
P03.09 Changes of CDKN2A in glial tumors detected by in situ hybridization - comparison of FISH and CISH technique
Authors: P. Kašparová, J. Soukup
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Changes of the CDKN2A gene, especially its deletion, were found in different solid tumors, including brain tumors and have been reported to correlate with the grade of glial tumors. Deletion of the CDKN2A is studied as a possible helpful molecular marker in grading of brain tumors. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the most commonly applied molecular technique in routine praxis, however, with certain technical limits typical for brain tissue and glial tumors. A dual-chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) is tested as a possible alternative for FISH in neuropathology. We present the first single institution experience comparing testing of CDKN2A gene changes in parallel by FISH and CISH in a series of 57 patients with grade I-IV glial tumors. In total, 79 samples from 57 patients with astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors were analyzed. There were 7 gr. I lesions (5 pilocytic astrocytomas, 2 subependymomas), 23 gr. II lesions (12 diffuse astrocytomas, 8 oligodendrogliomas, 1 oligoastrocytoma), 12 gr. III lesions (2 anaplastic astrocytomas, 9 anaplastic oligodendrogliomas, 1 anaplastic oligoastrocytoma) and 37 glioblastomas (gr. IV). Changes of CDKN2A were examined with FISH and CISH technique and evaluated as: no deletion, heterozygous deletion, homozygous deletion and amplification of the gene (found in sporadic cases). Using the ISH technique (finding of the CDKN2A gene change in at least one of the applied method- FISH or CISH - was sufficient for the evaluation of gene status), no CDKN2A changes were found in grade I tumors (0/5). In grade II tumors, homozygous deletion of the gene was found in 38% of cases (39%, 5/12 of astrocytomas and in 25%, 2/8 in oligodendrogliomas). In tumors grade III and IV, CDKN2A gene showed not only deletion (homozygous and heterozygous) but also amplification (4 samples). In total, changes of CDKN2A gene were found in 71% (5/7) of grade III tumors and in 69% (24/35) of grade IV tumors. There were evident differences between oligodendroglioma and astrocytes. However, due to small sample size, no statistical difference could be shown. The concordance of FISH and CISH (after exclusion of specimens with technical limitations) was: 100% in grade I, 70% in grade II, 80% in grade III and 83% in grade IV. In conclusion, this is to the best of our knowledge the first study demonstrating use of CISH for CDKN2A changes in glial tumors. CISH was found as helpful auxiliary molecular method for CDKN2A gene evaluation.
Time to take CT screening to the next level?
Authors: Hans-Ulrich Kauczor, Claus Peter Heussel, Oyunbileg von Stackelberg
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2017)

The paper by Pompe et al . [1] in this edition of the European Respiratory Journal investigated subjects from the National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST), whose cause of death was recorded as being a respiratory illness other than lung cancer. The patients' computed tomography (CT) scans were retrospectively reviewed and compared with the NLST participants of the CT arm who were still alive. Not surprisingly, significantly more lung diseases were detected in those who died from respiratory disease than in the matched control group. Transforming lung cancer screening into a comprehensive programme to detect and treat smoking-related disease early <http://ow.ly/b8L5309hUri>
P18.11 The effect of ketogenic diet on survival and quality of life in patients with malignant brain tumors in palliative care
Authors: N. Shinojima, H. Matsuzaki, Y. Takeshima, A. Maenaka, K. Makino, K. Yamamoto, Y. Saito, J. Kuratsu, H. Nakamura, S. Yano
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

BACKGROUND: The cure for malignant brain tumors such as glioblastoma is never achieved. The patients could not survive so long time to spend the useful life after quitting the multimodal aggressive therapies and choosing the palliative care. The metabolism of tumor cells manifests abnormal accentuation of aerobic glycolysis regardless of oxygen concentration, resulting in increased consumption of glucose with production of large amounts of lactate for proliferation as well known as the ‘Warburg effect’. Ketogenic diet (KD) is a low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet, resulting in reduction of serum glucose level and induction of a large amount of ketone bodies. Under the KD the normal cells are able to obtain the energy from ketones, while tumor cells are not because lacking mitochondrial ketolytic enzymes. Therefore the KD restricting glucose is supposed to selectively starve tumor cells and inhibit tumor growth. Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate if the KD offers useful life to patients with malignant brain tumors in palliative care. METHODS: Written informed consent was obtained from the patients or patient’s family. KD treatment was conducted under our protocol approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Institutional Review Board of Kumamoto University Hospital. Results: Two patients with malignant brain tumors in palliative care underwent KD. The first case is a 3-year-old boy with anaplastic ependymoma. Despite of radio-chemotherapy, the uncontrolled tumor progression was found and palliative care with KD started. Surprisingly he had been still well without any major adverse event and no disease progression was observed until 13 months later from starting palliative care with KD alone. He could spend the happy time with his parents at his home and could survive for 32 months from the date of diagnosis. The other is a 37-year-old man with glioblastoma who underwent radio-chemotherapy. However the disease had progressed 3 months later from diagnosis and palliative care with KD started. Surprisingly MRI on 8 months from starting KD revealed no contrast-enhanced lesions. He had no major side effect and could survive for 20 months from the date of diagnosis. Conclusions: KD may offer the additional survival time with acceptable quality of life to patients with malignant brain tumors in palliative care.
OS08.5 Stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of meningiomas eligible for complete resection
Authors: J. Tutunji, S. J. Grau, D. Rueß, M. Kocher, H. Treuer, R. Goldbrunner, M. I. Ruge
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Objective: Microsurgical resection is the first recommended treatment for meningiomas especially if sufficient resection can be achieved (Simpson Grade I&II). Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is established as treatment option for meningiomas considered inoperable due to critical localisation or involvement of vulnerable structures. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of SRS in cases where a Simpson Grade I or II resection could be achieved but either patient´s wish or condition excluded surgery. Methods: In this retrospective single-center analysis (1995–2014) we included all patients who underwent single fraction LINAC based SRS for microsurgically resectable (Simpson Grade I&II) cranial meningiomas with clinical follow-up of ≥6 months. Histologically confirmed WHO II&III tumors were excluded. We analyzed local tumor control by magnetic resonance imaging, early (first 6 month after SRS) and late treatment related complications, including symptomatic peritumoral edema requiring steroids (rated by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events; CTCAEv4.03). Local control was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: 85 patients (f:m=65:20, mean age 60 years) were treated with LINAC-SRS for 92 supra- (67.4%) or infratentorial (32.6%) meningiomas localized in skull base (63.0%), convexity (20.7%), parafalcine (14.1%) or other areas (2.2%). Treatment indication was based on documented tumor growth in 71.7 % or recurrence after surgery in 28.3%. Mean follow-up was 68.7 ± 48.8 months. Mean tumor volume was 4.1 ± 3.6ml, mean radiation parameters were 13.2 ± 2.2 Gy surface dose at 65.8 ± 13.9% isodose level. The estimated 2-,5-, and 10-year tumor control rate was 99%, 93% and 93%, respectively. Local recurrence was observed in one case after 180.4 months (1.2%) and loco-regional (out of dose) recurrence in five patients after 17.7–155.7 months (5.9%). Minor early complications (headache, dizziness) occurred in 4.7%; one patient suffered from seizures. Late complications encompassed permanent deterioration of cranial nerve function in two cases (CTCAE:1;2) and transient seizures in one patient. Temporary steroid use due to symptomatic peritumoral edema was observed in 7.1%. Conclusion: SRS can be considered as treatment alternative for patients with meningiomas eligible for Simpson Grade (I&II) resection either refusing or harboring ­contraindications to microsurgery. SRS treatment provides reasonable long term tumor control with low morbidity rates.
Morphological suitability for endovascular repair, non-intervention rates, and operative mortality in women and men assessed for intact abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: systematic reviews with meta-analysis
Authors: Pinar Ulug, Michael J Sweeting, Regula S von Allmen, Simon G Thompson, Janet T Powell, P Ulug, M J Sweeting, S G Thompson, J T Powell, E Jones, M J Bown, M J Glover, J Michaels
Journal: The Lancet (2017)

Prognosis for women with abdominal aortic aneurysm might be worse than the prognosis for men. We aimed to systematically quantify the differences in outcomes between men and women being assessed for repair of intact abdominal aortic aneurysm using data from study periods after the year 2000.
Selection bias complicates comparisons of endoscopic submucosal dissection vs. endoscopic mucosal resection in the treatment of colorectal neoplasms
Authors: Takashi Kanesaka, Ervin Toth, Henrik Thorlacius
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

We have read with great interest the paper by Rolny entitled “The need for surgery after endoscopic treatment of colorectal neoplasms is the most important outcome criterion” [1]. We agree with the author that endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) achieves higher rates of en bloc and R0 resections as well as a lower incidence of recurrence when removing large colorectal neoplasms. Nonetheless, the author argues that there is no clear advantage of colorectal ESD compared with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in terms of reducing the need for additional surgery after endoscopic treatment. Although this opinion is interesting and challenging, we would like to point out serious concerns about that conclusion.
Abstract 213: TRPV1 Mediates Remote and Direct Cardioprotection
Authors: Eric R Gross, Travis J Urban, Ana K Hsu, Nir Qvit, Garrett J Gross, Daira Mochly-Rosen
Journal: Circulation Research (2013)

Introduction: The transient receptor potential 1 channel (TRPV1) mediates signals from pain, heat, and/or noxious stimuli. TRPV1 sensitization can occur via a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent mechanism in neurons. Therefore, we tested whether TRPV1 is a mediator of cardioprotection in models of ischemia-reperfusion and whether the molecular mechanism of cardioprotection occurs via PKC-induced TRPV1 channel sensitization. Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats and H9C2 left ventricle-derived cells were used for whole animal and cellular ischemia-reperfusion studies to test this hypothesis. Statistical analysis regarding infarct size, calculated as percentage of area at risk per left ventricle, was performed by a one way ANOVA (*P&lt;0.01). Results: Remote preconditioning-induced infarct size reduction via an abdominal surgical incision was blocked by prior administration of a selective TRPV1 peptide inhibitor, V1-B (3.0mg/kg), given over the incision site (Incision: 44±2*% V1-B+Incision: 65±2% versus Control: 64±1% n=6/group). Capsaicin (0.3mg/kg) given intravenously through the internal jugular vein reduced infarct size in vivo , which was blocked by prior capsazepine (TRPV1 inhibitor, 3.0mg/kg) administration (Capsaicin: 43±2* Capsaicin+ capsazepine: 64±4 versus Control: 62±3, n=7/group). Further in an ex vivo isolated heart model, infarct size reduction afforded by the selective epsilon PKC activator (pseudo epsilon RACK, 1uM) was partially blocked with prior treatment of V1-B (1uM), the TRPV1 peptide blocker (pseudo epsilon RACK: 20±2*%, pseudo epsilon RACK+V1-B: 42±4% versus control: 47±4%, n=7/group). TRPV1 expression was found in both whole heart homogenate and in the H9C2 cell line. Using a model of ischemia-reoxygenation in H9C2 cells, capsaicin treatment before and during ischemia-reoxygenation reduced cellular damage as assessed by MTT and LDH assays. Greater damage occurred with TRPV1 inhibition by capsazepine compared to control. Conclusions: Our studies suggest TRPV1 contributes an essential role for both remote and direct cardioprotection. Further studies are ongoing to determine the post-translational sites on TRPV1 and how a TRPV1-epsilon PKC protein-protein interaction induces cardioprotection.
Abstract #4687: OSU-HDAC42, a novel HDAC inhibitor, exhibits biologic activity against human and canine malignant mast cells through both histone dependent and HSP90 dependent pathways
Authors: Tzu-Yin Lin, Sridhar Murahari, Sam Kulp, Dasheng Wang, Ching-Shih Chen, Cheryl London
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 18-22, 2009; Denver, CO

Epigenetic changes including DNA hypermethylation and histone hypoacetylation are found in many cancers. Evidence suggests that inhibition of histone deacetylation by histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) can modulate some of these epigenetic changes in tumors, resulting in anti-tumor effects. In addition to histones, modification of non-histone targets such as HSP90 and transcription factors by HDACis may also play a role in their anti-cancer activities. Preliminary data from our laboratory and others indicate that HDACis have biologic activity against malignant mast cell disease, although the mechanism of this activity is not completely understood. The purpose of the following studies was to investigate the histone-dependent and histone-independent mechanisms of HDAC inhibition in malignant mast cells in vitro and ex vivo . Human and canine malignant mast cell lines and fresh canine malignant mast cells were treated with OSU-HDAC42 (a novel phenylbutyrate-based HDACi) and 17-AAG (an HSP90 inhibitor) and the effects on cell viability, cell cycling, cell invasion, histones and several signaling pathways were evaluated. OSU-HDAC42 induced hyperacetylation of H3, H4 and \#945;-tubulin and upregulation of p21. OSU-HDAC42 and 17-AAG downregulated the expression and/or phosphorylation of Kit, Akt, Her2/Neu, Stat3, and Stat5. Both drugs disrupted HSP90 chaperone function, as evidenced by dissociation of HSP90 and Kit in malignant mast cells as well as upregulation of HSP70 following treatment. 17-AAG, but not OSU-HDAC42, prevented Stat3 nuclear translocation. Treatment of malignant mast cell lines with OSU-HDAC42 induced loss of cell viability, cell cycle arrest, induction of caspase-3,7 activity and apoptosis that was Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL independent. OSU-HDAC42 and 17-AAG blocked the invasion of malignant mast cell lines, possibly through downregulation of MMP9 and FAK. Lastly, OSU-HDAC42 induced the activation of caspase-3,7 in fresh canine malignant mast cells ex vivo (n=15) resulting in their apoptosis. As with the mast cell lines, downregulation of Kit and hyperacetylation of H3 and H4 were observed in the fresh malignant mast cells. In conclusion, the HDACi OSU-HDAC42 exhibits biologic activity against human and canine malignant mast cells in vitro and ex vivo through both histone-dependent and HSP90-dependent pathways, representing a promising new therapeutic approach for malignant mast cell disease. 

Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 4687.
P15.03 Primary central nervous system lymphoma presenting as sellar mass: case report and literature review
Authors: C. Kim, J. Cheong
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Introduction: Primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphomas constitute approximately less than 2% of all intracranial neoplasms. It is rarely developed in the pituitary gland. We demonstrate a case in which a patient with diffuse B-cell type lymphoma has been treated with surgical removal followed by chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: A 45-year-old man presented with 2-week history of headache and visual disturbance. He also complained of ocular pain and polydipsia. Brain magnetic resonance (MR) images revealed intrasellar mass extending into the left cavernous sinus with encasement of internal carotid artery. Another lesions were found in the pituitary stalk, suprasellar region, and the left thalamus. Results: He underwent tumor removal via trans-sphenoidal approach. Pathological findings were consistent with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The postoperative course was uneventful, and he discharged himself without further management. A month later, clinical symptoms were aggravated, and then, he took chemotherapy (vincristine+procarbazine+leukovorin) with Methotrexate (MTX). However, he developed acute hypernatremia due to diabetes insipidus. His mental status was deteriorated, and eventually he was expired. CONCLUSION: Primary CNS lymphomas should be differentiated from pituitary adenomas, metastatic tumors, and infectious condition. Prompt diagnosis and intervention are essential for favorable outcome in patients with malignant lymphomas.
Beyond Genes and Molecules — A Precision Delivery Initiative for Precision Medicine
Authors: Ravi B. Parikh, J. Sanford Schwartz, Amol S. Navathe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

The Precision Medicine Initiative's advances may add complexity to delivering high-quality, cost-effective care in keeping with patients' values. A complementary effort could investigate delivery-system interventions that are tailored to individual needs and wishes.
P19.03 Palliative care and quality of life in Neuro-Oncology: the experience at the Meyer Children’s Hospital
Authors: B. Paderi, C. Moscheo
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Introduction: In order to allow the young patient with CNS tumor to experience a peaceful death, specific palliative interventions are required for the control of pain, loss of consciousness, cognitive disturbances, communication and motor function deficits. The lack of control of symptoms can often lead to re-hospitalization with a resultant in a worsening of patient’s quality of life. There are few small series described on the of end-of-life care in pediatric patients with brain tumor. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively considered 93 patients with brain tumor, followed at the Neuro-Oncology Unit died between September 2008 and January 2016. The median age at diagnosis was 7,6 years (range 2-165);47 patients were male and 46 female; 51 were astrocytic tumors, 34 embryonal tumors, 5 ependymal tumors, 2 germ cell tumors and 1 choroid plexus carcinoma. We collected also data about symptoms of the last 6 month of life, the support therapy and the receiving palliative care. Results: 70 of 93 patients underwent to palliative care; at transition to end-of-life approach 28 were oligo-symptomatic (maximum 2 symptoms), 42 with more than 2 symptoms. The median overall survival was 13, 7 months with a small prevalence for the female gender. In the group of 70 children, 49 died at home, 15 in hospice, 6 in hospital. We did not find statistically significant differences of the median survival among patients receiving end-of-life care compare to those not- treated. Conclusions: Our experience confirms the importance of personalized palliative approach for young patient with brain tumor in order to achieve a peaceful death. This objective requires a careful evaluation of clinical signs and symptoms to perform an effective therapy for each individual case. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to plan and discuss end-of-life decisions in advance with the patient’s family.
Erratum: Genome-wide association analyses in Han Chinese identify two new susceptibility loci for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Min Deng, Ling Wei, Xianbo Zuo, Yanghua Tian, Fei Xie, Panpan Hu, Chunyan Zhu, Fengqiong Yu, Yu Meng, Honghao Wang, Fangfang Zhang, Huijuan Ma, Rong Ye, Huaidong Cheng, Jing Du, Wenwen Dong, Shanshan Zhou, Changqing Wang, Yu Wang, Jingye Wang, Xianwen Chen, Zhongwu Sun, Nong Zhou, Yubao Jiang, Xiuxiu Liu, Xiaogang Li, Nan Zhang, Na Liu, Yingjun Guan, Yongsheng Han, Yongzhu Han, Xinyi Lv, Yu Fu, Hui Yu, Chunhua Xi, Dandan Xie, Qiyuan Zhao, Peng Xie, Xin Wang, Zhijun Zhang, Lu Shen, Yong Cui, Xianyong Yin, Hui Cheng, Bo Liang, Xiaodong Zheng, Tatia M C Lee, Gang Chen, Fusheng Zhou, Jan H Veldink, Wim Robberecht, John E Landers, Peter M Andersen, Ammar Al-Chalabi, Chris Shaw, Chunfeng Liu, Beisha Tang, Shangxi Xiao, Janice Robertson, Fengyu Zhang, Leonard H van den Berg, Liangdan Sun, Jianjun Liu, Sen Yang, Xiaodong Ju, Kai Wang, Xuejun Zhang
Journal: Nature Genetics (2013)