tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Durability Data for Bioprosthetic Surgical Aortic Valve
Authors: Benish Fatima, Divyanshu Mohananey, Fazal W. Khan, Yash Jobanputra, Ramyashree Tummala, Kinjal Banerjee, Amar Krishnaswamy, Stephanie Mick, E. Murat Tuzcu, Eugene Blackstone, Lars Svensson, Samir Kapadia
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> Although several studies have reported data on surgical aortic valve durability, variability in study methodologies and definitions as well as inadequate follow-up make the interpretation of data from these studies difficult to interpret. <h3>Objective</h3> To review available data on structural valve deterioration (SVD) of surgical bioprosthetic aortic valves by examining the published literature as well as data reported to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). <h3>Evidence Review</h3> A systematic review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis reporting guidelines to obtain all available data from preexisting literature on the actuarial freedom from SVD and outcomes of SVD. Data were collected from database inception to November 2016. Additionally, data reported to the FDA were obtained. <h3>Findings</h3> In total, 167 studies and 12 FDA reports including 101 650 patients and 17 different valve types were analyzed. There were 11 different definitions of SVD used in the studies. Core laboratory data were available for 11 studies. Mean follow-up ranged from less than 1 year to 14 years. Kaplan-Meier estimates were reported for up to 30 years of follow-up, with 0% to 37% of patients remaining at risk at maximum follow-up. Food and Drug Administration–reported data are similarly variable in duration (mean follow-up range, 1.2 to 7 years) and completeness of follow-up, with final follow-up of 0.1% to 95%. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> There is considerable variability in reporting SVD of surgical aortic valves, with different definitions and inadequate long-term systematically collected core laboratory data. Rigorously collected long-term data with standardized definitions for surgical valves are needed to provide a benchmark for the durability of rapidly evolving transcatheter valves.
The molecular landscape of glioma in patients with Neurofibromatosis 1
Authors: Fulvio D’Angelo, Michele Ceccarelli, None Tala, Luciano Garofano, Jing Zhang, Véronique Frattini, Francesca P. Caruso, Genevieve Lewis, Kristin D. Alfaro, Luc Bauchet, Giulia Berzero, David Cachia, Mario Cangiano, Laurent Capelle, John de Groot, Francesco DiMeco, François Ducray, Walid Farah, Gaetano Finocchiaro, Stéphane Goutagny, Carlos Kamiya-Matsuoka, Cinzia Lavarino, Hugues Loiseau, Véronique Lorgis, Carlo E. Marras, Ian McCutcheon, Do-Hyun Nam, Susanna Ronchi, Veronica Saletti, Romuald Seizeur, John Slopis, Mariona Suñol, Fanny Vandenbos, Pascale Varlet, Dominique Vidaud, Colin Watts, Viviane Tabar, David E. Reuss, Seung-Ki Kim, David Meyronet, Karima Mokhtari, Hector Salvador, Krishna P. Bhat, Marica Eoli, Marc Sanson, Anna Lasorella, Antonio Iavarone
Journal: Nature Medicine (2018)
Inpatient hospitalization costs associated with nausea and vomiting among patients with cancer.
Authors: Eric Roeland, Ryan David Nipp, Kathryn Jean Ruddy, Gary Binder, William L. Bailey, Diana T. Amari, Hemanth Kanakamedala, Rudolph M. Navari
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

112 Background: Reducing hospitalizations for chemotherapy-related toxicities represents an opportunity to improve both the quality and cost of cancer treatment. Nausea and vomiting (NV) account for almost 10% of “avoidable” toxicity-related post-chemotherapy hospitalizations (2016 Medicare data). We sought to evaluate the event cost of NV-related hospitalizations among patients with cancer from a US payer perspective. Methods: From a large US claims database (Truven MarketScan), we identified hospitalizations with NV as the primary diagnosis and cancer as a secondary diagnosis (01/2011-06/2017). This method increases specificity for NV as the principal hospitalization factor, while underreporting the prevalence of NV as a contributory factor. To determine event costs, we evaluated hospital and other reimbursement during the hospitalization. To explore subgroup differences, we stratified results by tumor type, payer type, admission route, receipt of highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC; 2017 definition includes carboplatin AUC ≥4) and antiemetic prophylaxis. We adjusted all costs to 2017 US dollars. Results: Among 918,192 hospitalizations involving cancer, we identified 80,995 with both NV and a cancer diagnosis code. Of these, 5,293 had NV as the primary diagnosis and 62 lacked cost data. Patients (mean age = 57.7±16.2) were 67% female. Median hospital length of stay was 4 days and mean cost per hospitalization was $15,085. Non-Medicare admissions (82%) had a higher mean cost vs. Medicare ($15,737 vs. $12,111, p &lt; 0.01). We found &lt; $1,000 difference between the highest and lowest cost per hospitalization among the 6 most common tumor types. We found the 65% of patients with a chemotherapy claim ≤30 days prior to hospitalization had costs of $13,882 per event. Among the 45% of chemotherapies that were HEC, &gt; 50% lacked an NK1 receptor antagonist as prophylaxis. Conclusions: The average cost of NV-related hospitalizations among patients with cancer exceeds $15,000 per event, highlighting the need to effectively address this symptom. Roughly half the hospitalizations involved HEC, with over half of those patients not receiving guideline-based antiemetic prophylaxis.
Declining Numbers of Rural US Hospitals
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 18016: Cell and Hydrogel-based Therapies Employing Cathelicidin Related Antimicrobial Peptide (CRAMP) Attenuate Cardiac Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Myocardial Infarction: Potential Therapeutic Targets in Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Yuri M Klyachkin, Shaojing Ye, Prabhakara Nagareddy, Ahmed Asfour, Rahul Annabathula, Susan S Smyth, Ahmed Abdel-Latif
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Limited stem cell retention following intracoronary administration has reduced the clinical efficacy of this novel therapy. Cathelicidins related antimicrobial proteins (CRAMPs) have been shown to prime bone marrow Derived mononuclear Cells (BMMNC) migration towards low gradients of SDF-1 suggesting a potential role in BMMNC retention. Here, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of CRAMP in the context of BMMNC recruitment and retention via intracardiac delivery of CRAMP-treated BMMNCs or CRAMP-packed hydrogels (HG) post-myocardial infarction (MI). Methods and Results: During the in vivo cell studies, mice were randomized into 3 groups: MI followed by injection of PBS, BMMNCs alone, and BMMNCs incubated with CRAMP. During the in vivo HG studies, BM GFP chimera mice were randomized into 4 groups: MI followed by injection of HG alone, HG + SDF-1, HG + SDF-1 + CRAMP, HG + CRAMP. Changes in infarct size and cardiac function between 5 days and 5 weeks after MI were assessed using cardiac MRI (CMR) and echocardiography respectively. Treatment of BMMNCs with CRAMP enhanced their migration towards low, yet physiological, levels of SDF-1 in vitro (Fig 1A). In vivo, BMMNC+CRAMP therapy was associated with significant increase in capillary density as compared to the BMMNC-alone and control groups (Fig 1B). Moreover, BMMNC+CRAMP administration led to improvement in cardiac function and reduction in infarct size as compared to other groups (Fig 1C-D). Similar to the BMMNCs+CRAMP cell therapy, HG + SDF-1 + CRAMP administration post-MI led to improvement of cardiac function and reduction in infarct size compared with other groups (Fig 1E-F). Conclusion: Cathelicidins enhance BMMNC retention and recruitment after intramyocardial administration post-MI resulting in improvements in heart physiology and recovery. Therapies employing these strategies may represent an attractive method for improving outcomes of regenerative therapies in human studies.
Comparison of Cerebral Palsy Severity Between 2 Eras of Antenatal Magnesium Use
Authors: Bethany T. Stetson, Catalin S. Buhimschi, Brian A. Kellert, Krystal Hay, Irina A. Buhimschi, Nathalie L. Maitre
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2018)

This before-and-after cohort analysis assesses whether implementing a recommendation of antenatal magnesium use at an institutional level in 2009 resulted in fewer subsequent cases of moderate or severe cerebral palsy.
On the distinction between “sensorimotor” and “motorsensory” contingencies
Authors: Donald Laming
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2001)

An experimenter studies “sensorimotor contingencies”; the stimulus is primary and the subject's response consequential. But the subject, looking at the world from his or her distinctive viewpoint, is occupied with “motorsensory contingencies”; the response is now primary and the sensory consequential. These two categories are gathered together under the one term in the target article. This commentary disambiguates the confusion.
Early ancient sublineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype: unexpected clues from phylogenomics of the pathogen and human history
Authors: I. Mokrousov, A. Vyazovaya, O. Pasechnik, A. Gerasimova, M. Dymova, E. Chernyaeva, M. Tatarintseva, V. Stasenko
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2018)
Palliative inpatient radiation therapy: The challenge of treatment non-completion.
Authors: Jeffrey V. Kuo, Parima Daroui, Hanako Y. Farol, Varun Sehgal, Nilam S. Ramsinghani
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

106 Background: By virtue of their disease acuity and symptom burden, inpatients are good candidates for radiation therapy but may also be at risk of not benefitting from treatment due to premature treatment discontinuation or early demise. The current study describes the inpatient radiation therapy experience at an academic medical center. Methods: Patients receiving palliative radiotherapy in the hospital at any point in their care form the study population. Dose prescriptions were determined on an individual basis by the faculty radiation oncologist. Brachytherapy, IORT, and radiosurgery cases were excluded. Descriptive data was aggregated for analysis. Results: 315 courses given to 275 inpatients between January 2013 and September 2017 form this analysis. Mean age was 56.5 yrs. 96% began as inpatients. The top hospitalization indications were pain (32%), neurological symptoms (9%), and dyspnea (7%). The top treatment indications were spinal metastases (34%), brain metastases (21%), and non-spine bone metastases (12%). The estimated median survival of the entire group was 8.9 wks (range &lt;1 – 189). Ten courses were given during the terminal hospitalization. The overall rate of treatment non-completion was 18%. Non-completion and survival figures for the most common indications provided. Spine treatments in which shorter courses predominated had a non-completion rate (12%) that was lower than for the overall group. The rate of treatment non-completion was particularly high for brain metastases (28%). Conclusions: Hospitalized patients receiving palliative radiation therapy carry a poor prognosis. Their significant symptom burden and limited life expectancies place them at risk for treatment non completion. While short courses developed for spine irradiation are associated with lower non-completion rates, longer courses seen as appropriate for brain irradiation are associated with particularly high non-completion rates.[Table: see text]
FIT: Functional and imaging testing for patients with metastatic cancer.
Authors: Eric Roeland, Areej El-Jawahri, Sandahl H Nelson, Andrea Gallivan, Ryan David Nipp, Nora Horick, Yael Cohen-Arazi, Chelsea Hagmann, Chris Sera, Sarah Friedman, Joseph Ma, Hardeep Phull, Vickie E Baracos
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

208 Background: Despite multiple cancer cachexia (CC) trials evaluating novel agents, the FDA has not approved a single drug to date. One key challenge in CC trials is selection of endpoints. The aim of this study was to explore changes in body composition and associations with functional and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to clarify CC trial endpoint selection. Methods: We identified metastatic solid tumor cancer patients receiving cancer-directed therapies at a single cancer center (2016-2018). Patients completed all assessments at study enrollment and 3 months from enrollment. We analyzed body composition utilizing cross-sectional computed tomography (CT) scans at the third lumbar vertebra. Functional assessments included the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test, and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). PROs included the Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy (FAACT) and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy Fatigue (FACT-F). We examined changes in body composition and functional assessments from enrollment to 3 months using paired t-tests. We utilized linear regression models to assess the relationship between changes in body composition and changes in functional assessment adjusting for age and sex. Results: A total of 57 patients completed baseline assessments; 19 patients did not complete 3-month assessments (5 died, 1 hospice, 13 withdrew). Of the 38 patients with complete data (mean age 61.8 years, 47% female, 71% GI malignancy), 50% received chemotherapy, 16% immunotherapy, and 34% combination therapy. From enrollment to 3 months, we observed an increase in total adipose tissue (16.9±52.4 cm 2 , 95% CI -33.79-0.63; p = 0.059), but not weight or skeletal muscle. Greater losses in skeletal muscle were associated with greater declines in 6MWT (B = 0.036, p = 0.014) and SBBP (B = 2.444, p = 0.002), but not the TUG. We observed no association with change in weight with all functional outcomes or PROs. Moreover, we found no association with body composition and PROs from enrollment to 3 months. Conclusions: In future CC trials, changes in longitudinal body composition rather than weight should be utilized. Furthermore, changes in skeletal muscle and the 6MWT and/or SBBP may be preferred endpoints.
Modeling Human Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Via CRISPR/Cas9 HSPC Gene Editing in Non-Human Primate
Authors: Taehoon Shin, Eun Jung Baek, Marcus A.F. Corat, Shirley Chen, Robert E. Donahue, Kyung-Rok Yu, Cynthia E. Dunbar
Journal: Blood (2018)
Identifying Patients for Whom Lung Cancer Screening Is Preference-Sensitive
Authors: Tanner J. Caverly, Rodney A. Hayward, Rafael Meza
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

Letters4 December 2018Identifying Patients for Whom Lung Cancer Screening Is Preference-SensitiveTanner J. Caverly, MD, MPH, Rodney A. Hayward, MD, and Rafael Meza, PhDTanner J. Caverly, MD, MPHVA Center for Clinical Management Research and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (T.J.C., R.A.H.)Search for more papers by this author, Rodney A. Hayward, MDVA Center for Clinical Management Research and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (T.J.C., R.A.H.)Search for more papers by this author, and Rafael Meza, PhDUniversity of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (R.M.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L18-0556 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We agree with Dr. Young and Ms. Hopkins that computed tomography screening for lung cancer should be avoided when potential harms outweigh potential benefits. However, we disagree with their reasoning about when net harm is likely to occur. The problem is in thinking 1 dimensionally. Our study shows that an individual person's competing risks, suitability for surgery, and lung cancer risk must all be considered together. A person is a combination of these factors, and thinking about just 1 factor at a time is incomplete. We found that persons with high baseline lung cancer risk who also have ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: VA Center for Clinical Management Research and University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan (T.J.C., R.A.H.)University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (R.M.)Disclosures: Disclosures can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M17-2561. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoIdentifying Patients for Whom Lung Cancer Screening Is Preference-Sensitive Tanner J. Caverly , Pianpian Cao , Rodney A. Hayward , and Rafael Meza Identifying Patients for Whom Lung Cancer Screening Is Preference-Sensitive Robert P. Young and Raewyn Hopkins Metrics Cited byImplementing lung cancer screening in primary care: needs assessment and implementation strategy design 4 December 2018Volume 169, Issue 11Page: 823KeywordsCancer risk factorsDecision makingDisclosureHealth care facilitiesLung and intrathoracic tumorsLung cancer screeningLungsPrimary careReasoningSurgery ePublished: 4 December 2018 Issue Published: 4 December 2018 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2018 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Trends in Telemedicine Use in a Large Commercially Insured Population, 2005-2017
Authors: Michael L. Barnett, Kristin N. Ray, Jeff Souza, Ateev Mehrotra
Journal: JAMA (2018)

This study uses insurance claims database to describe trends in telemedicine use and its associations with physician supply and with state laws madating coverage in a large commercially insured population between 2005 and 2017.
Development and evaluation of an innovative creative arts program on a tertiary palliative care unit.
Authors: Cheryl Nekolaichuk, Kim Crowe, Trevor Ellerby, Bette Emery-Thom, Christine Enfield, Sheila Killoran, Viki Muller
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

167 Background: The use of creative arts in palliative care is a unique psychosocial-spiritual intervention, yet there are limited evaluation studies of these programs. The purpose of this presentation is to describe the development and evaluation of a creative arts program, entitled “Tile Tales,” on a 20-bed tertiary palliative care unit. Methods: The “Tile Tales” program encourages the creative exploration of emotions, values and beliefs through the creation of a visual expression on a ceramic tile, with an accompanying story. In this second phase of a three-phase evaluation, participants (18 years or older) were asked to complete a survey at the end of their experience. Results: Over a two-year period (January, 2016 – December, 2017), 40 tiles were completed by 52 participants. Children under 18 years (n = 16) were excluded from further analysis. Twenty-one of 36 adult participants (58%) completed surveys, consisting of family members (n = 9, 43%), patients (n = 6, 28.5%) and staff (n = 6, 28.5%). Participants rated their experience as very meaningful (M 4.8, SD 0.5, scale 0-5). The three highest average impact scores (scale 0-5) were: raising spirits (M 4.9, SC 0.3), expression of feelings (M 4.6, SD .6) and working through grief (M 4.6, SD 0.7). Qualitative comments included themes of gratitude, leaving a legacy, meaning and connecting with others. Conclusions: This innovative creative arts program benefited patients, family and staff, in the expression of emotions and sharing personal stories. These findings will assist with improving program delivery and future planning of the creative arts in palliative care.
EMMPRIN induces fibroblast MMP-2 and suppresses colon cancer cell-derived TIMP-2 expression
Authors: Karin Zins, Michael Hofmann, Dietmar Abraham, Seyedhossein Aharinejad
Journal: Cancer Research (2004)

1825  Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling that is crucial in tumorigenesis involves proteolytic enzymes, primarily matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). The production of MMPs is stimulated by different factors, including extracellular matrix metalloprotease inducer (EMMPRIN; CD147). EMMPRIN interacts with fibroblasts that are frequent residents of the tumor stroma. We have shown that colony stimulating factor (CSF)-1 that regulates the differentiation of mononuclear cells is involved in colon cancer development. However, the interplay between colon cancer cell- and stroma cell-mediated regulation of MMPs and their tissue inhibitors TIMPs, remains unclear. Therefore, we profiled the MMP gene expression using MMP cDNA expression arrays in lysates of SW620 human colon cancer xenografts in different stages grown in nude mice. Expression of MMP-2, its inhibitor TIMP-2, and its activators EMMPRIN and MT1-MMP was further analyzed in SW620 cells in vitro and in vivo, using real time RT-PCR and Western blotting. The effect of EMMPRIN expressing human SW620 cells on host (mouse) fibroblasts was examined by co-culturing these cells, and by silencing the EMMPRIN gene using small interfering RNAs directed against human EMMPRIN. Gene profiling in arrays indicated a strong human EMMPRIN expression in tumor tissue. Subsequent PCR-analysis indicated that tumor-derived EMMPRIN expression increased with tumor development, whereas expression of the human TIMP-2 declined. Host (mouse) MMP-2 and MT1-MMP were constantly overexpressed during tumor progression. In co-culturing experiments, colon cancer cells induced fibroblast MMP-2 excess production, fibroblast TIMP-2 expression, however, was not affected. EMMPRIN gene silencing decreased significantly MMP-2 expression in mouse fibroblasts and resulted in a significant increase of TIMP-2 expression in SW620 cells. These results indicate that EMMPRIN in metastasis-derived SW620 colon cancer cells induces fibroblast MMP-2 production, associated with downregulation of MMP-2 inhibitor TIMP-2 in cancer cells. SW620-derived EMMPRIN may therefore facilitate ECM degradation and subsequently tumor cell invasion. Thus, blocking EMMPRIN could be of benefit in the treatment of colon cancer.Supported by Austrian Research Foundation (FWF) grant #P15819 to S. Aharinejad.
Disentangling ourselves from “Big Formula”
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Despite decades of effort to curb the promotion of infant formula, sales are flourishing and breastfeeding is in decline, especially in the UK. Earlier this year we heard about the resurgent influence of “Big Formula,” with industry lobbying and funding for medical education harming babies and mothers around the world (doi:10.1136/bmj.k3577). This week we investigate one small but influential corner of the multibillion pound formula industry: the promotion of specialist formula for treating cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA).

Chris van Tulleken finds a worrying range of deeply embedded relationships …