tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Forensic physicians course (introductory course to clinical forensic medicine, also previously known as forensic medical examiners course)
Authors: Krishna Srinivas Kopparthi
Journal: BMJ (2009)

Forensic physicians, forensic nurses, and doctors who aspire to be forensic physicians.

In February 2009.

I was interested in clinical forensic medicine. Working in emergency medicine meant that on a few occasions I had been required to write medical statements and attend court to give evidence as a professional witness. I was looking for a course that could teach the basics of forensic medicine, medical statement writing, and courtroom skills. This course perfectly fitted the bill. It also gives a foundation in understanding the role of forensic physicians in the custody suite.

With current changes to police forces throughout the United Kingdom, the forensic medical field could be outsourced. …
CHANGES IN CT-DERIVED AORTOMITRAL ANNULAR ANGLE AFTER TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR TRANSCATHETER MITRAL VALVE REPLACEMENT?
Authors: Gilbert Hin-Lung Tang, Medha Biswas, Syed Zaid, Hasan Ahmad, Ryan Kaple, Cenap Undemir, Martin Cohen, Steven Lansman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Bone marrow CD8 T cells express high frequency of PD-1 and exhibit reduced anti-leukemia response in newly diagnosed AML patients
Authors: Bei Jia, Liru Wang, David F. Claxton, W Christopher Ehmann, Witold B. Rybka, Shin Mineishi, Syed Rizvi, Hiroko Shike, Michael Bayerl, Todd D. Schell, Raymond J. Hohl, Hong Zheng
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2018)
Endocardial Cell Plasticity in Cardiac Development, Diseases and Regeneration
Authors: Hui Zhang, Kathy O. Lui, Bin Zhou
Journal: Circulation Research (2018)

Endocardial cells are specialized endothelial cells that form the innermost layer of the heart wall. By virtue of genetic lineage-tracing technology, many of the unexpected roles of endocardium during murine heart development, diseases, and regeneration have been identified recently. In addition to heart valves developed from the well-known endothelial to mesenchymal transition, recent fate-mapping studies using mouse models reveal that multiple cardiac cell lineages are also originated from the endocardium. This review focuses on a variety of different cell types that are recently reported to be endocardium derived during murine heart development, diseases, and regeneration. These multiple cell fates underpin the unprecedented roles of endocardial progenitors in function, pathological progression, and regeneration of the heart. Because emerging studies suggest that developmental mechanisms can be redeployed and recapitulated in promoting heart disease development and also cardiac repair and regeneration, understanding the mechanistic regulation of endocardial plasticity and modulation of their cell fate conversion may uncover new therapeutic potential in facilitating heart regeneration.
P089 Characterisation of chemokine receptors and migration of regulatory B cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in healthy donors
Authors: R Audo, K Schreiber, B Combe, J Morel, C Daien
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

<h3>Introduction</h3> B cells are pathogenic players in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). More recently, it has been shown that B cells can also have regulatory functions, mainly through the secretion of interleukin-10 (IL-10). We found a decrease of IL10 +B (B10) cells in patients with early Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and B10 were inversely correlated with disease activity (DAS28), inflammation and rheumatoid factor, suggesting a key role at the initial phase of RA. Chemokines and chemokine receptors (CR) orchestrate migration of immune cells in physiological and pathological conditions. We hypothesise that CR could be involved in B10 functions and characterisation. <h3>Objectives</h3> We aim to assess expression of CR on B10 and to understand their migration into the joint. <h3>Methods</h3> Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 10 RA patients and 10 controls (HC) were activated 24 hours with CpG to generate B10 cells. We compared expression of several CR between B10 cells and IL-10<sup>neg</sup> B cells by FACS analysis. For functional test, B10 cells and IL-10<sup>neg</sup> B were sorted by using secretion assay (Miltenyi) and the ability to migrate in response to CCL21, CCL22, CXCL11, CXCL12 or CXCL13 was evaluated by using migration assay in 5 µM Transwell chambers. The presence of B10 cells in RA synovial tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. <h3>Results</h3> We found that B10 cells from HC differentially expressed several CR than IL-10<sup>neg</sup> B cells, There were a strong decrease of CXCR5 and CXCR7 expression, and a strong increase of CCR4 expression in B10 cells (p&lt;0.001) compared to IL-10<sup>neg</sup> B cells. Functional impact of differential expression was tested by migration assay. Among chemokines tested,CXCL13, CXCR5-ligand, attracted more B10 cells than IL-10<sup>neg</sup> B cells (n=7). More importantly, our results suggest that CR receptor profile on B10 cells is different between HC and RA (n=10). Preliminary results showed that only a few B10 can be found in RA synovial tissue among B cells. One can hypothesised that the different expression profile of CR on B10 cells of RA patients might explain a defect in joint migration, and thus promoting uncontrolled inflammation. <h3>Conclusions</h3> B10 cells have a specific CR profil compared to IL-10<sup>neg</sup> B cells. The differential expression of CR on RA B10 compared to HC might explain a defect in joint migration. Understanding of B10 migration is an important issue and could be used in the future to drive regulatory B cells into the joints as a new therapeutic approach for RA. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None declared
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS AND SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN THE GENERAL POPULATION FOLLOWING INCIDENT MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN THE CURRENT REVASCULARIZATION ERA
Authors: Mustapha Amin, Deepak Padmanabhan, Denesh Kella, Arslan Naeem, Justin Lee, Andrew Tseng, Siva Mulpuru
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Phase II trial of palbociclib (PD-0332991) in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer (UC) after failure of first-line chemotherapy.
Authors: Tracy Lynn Rose, David D. Chism, Ajjai Shivaram Alva, Allison Mary Deal, Susan Maygarden, Young E. Whang, Jordan Kardos, Anthony Drier, William Y. Kim, Matthew I. Milowsky
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

500 Background: UC is a common malignancy with poor outcomes in patients with metastatic disease. The majority of urothelial cancers harbor alterations in key retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway genes with CDKN2A alterations in approximately 35% of tumors, leading to loss of Rb tumor suppressor function with subsequent cell cycle progression and unchecked cell proliferation. Palbociclib is an oral, selective inhibitor of CDK4/6 that prevents Rb phosphorylation to promote cell cycle arrest. Methods: In this phase II trial, biomarker-selected (p16 loss and intact Rb by tumor immunohistochemistry [IHC]) patients with metastatic platinum-refractory UC received palbociclib 125mg po daily for 21 days of a 28-day cycle. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival at 4 months (PFS4) using a Simon’s two-stage design. Prespecified tumor analysis with next generation sequencing (NGS) including Rb pathway alterations was conducted. Results: 12 patients (67% male, median age 68 years) were enrolled. Post-platinum prognostic factors included hemoglobin &lt; 10 g/dL, 17%; liver metastases, 0%; median time from prior therapy, 5.0 months; and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status &lt; = 1, 92%. Overall, two of 12 patients (17%) achieved PFS4 with insufficient activity to advance to stage 2. 58% of patients had grade ≥3 hematologic toxicity with 25% grade 3 anemia and 17% grade 3 thrombocytopenia. Using NGS, the most frequently observed somatic mutations were ARID1A, MLL2, PIK3CA, and TP53 (55% for each). No patients had CDKN2A alterations, although the majority (82%) of patients had a cell cycle pathway alteration (CDKN1A 27%, CDKN2B 27%, E2F3 18%). There was no correlation between genomic alterations and clinical outcome. Conclusions: Palbociclib demonstrated limited activity in patients with platinum-refractory metastatic UC selected for p16 loss and intact Rb by IHC. Further development of palbociclib should only be considered with improved integral biomarker selection such as NGS or in rational combination with other therapies. Clinical trial information: NCT02334527.
Advances and Opportunities in Nanoparticle‐ and Nanomaterial‐Based Vaccines against Bacterial Infections
Authors: Leon Chien‐Wei Lin, Saborni Chattopadhyay, Jung‐Chen Lin, Che‐Ming Jack Hu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2018)

Abstract As the dawn of the postantibiotic era we approach, antibacterial vaccines are becoming increasingly important for managing bacterial infection and reducing the need for antibiotics. Despite the success of vaccination, vaccines remain unavailable for many pressing microbial diseases, including tuberculosis, chlamydia, and staphylococcus infections. Amid continuing research efforts in antibacterial vaccine development, the advancement of nanomaterial engineering has brought forth new opportunities in vaccine designs. With increasing knowledge in antibacterial immunity and immunologic adjuvants, innovative nanoparticles are designed to elicit the appropriate immune responses for effective antimicrobial defense. Rationally designed nanoparticles are demonstrated to overcome delivery barriers to shape the adaptive immunity. This article reviews the advances in nanoparticle‐ and nanomaterial‐based antibacterial vaccines and summarizes the development of nanoparticulate adjuvants for immune potentiation against microbial pathogens. In addition, challenges and progress in ongoing antibacterial vaccine development are discussed to highlight the opportunities for future vaccine designs.
Cadmium Body Burden and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Study
Authors: Wenyu Liu, Bin Zhang, Zheng Huang, Xinyun Pan, Xiaomei Chen, Chen Hu, Hongxiu Liu, Yangqian Jiang, Xiaojie Sun, Yang Peng, Wei Xia, Shunqing Xu, Yuanyuan Li
Journal: Environmental Health Perspectives (2018)

Background: Several studies have reported that cadmium (Cd) is associated with type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about Cd exposure and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Objective: We examined the association between Cd body burden in early pregnancy and the risk of GDM. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 2,026 pregnant women from a single tertiary medical center between 2013 and 2016 in Wuhan, China. Cd body burden was reflected by Cd concentrations in urine samples collected between gestational weeks 8 and 14. GDM was diagnosed according to International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Consensus Panel (IADPSG) recommendations. Results: The geometric mean of Cd concentrations in maternal urine of all pregnant women was 0.59μg/L. A total of 198 (9.8%) women were diagnosed with GDM. After adjustment for potential confounders, the risk ratios (RRs) of GDM were 1.04 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.44) for the middle tertile of Cd levels and 1.36 (95%: CI: 0.98, 1.90) for the top tertile compared with the bottom tertile. In addition, we found a significant interaction between fetal sex and maternal Cd levels on the risk of GDM (p for interaction=0.03). Among women carrying male fetuses, the RR of GDM was 1.86 (95% CI: 1.14, 2.93) for the top tertile of Cd levels compared with the bottom tertile. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report of an association between urinary Cd levels in early pregnancy and GDM. Our findings suggest that Cd body burden increases the risk of GDM and that the association may be modified by fetal sex. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2716
Transition of Mesenchymal and Epithelial Cancer Cells Depends on α1-4 Galactosyltransferase-Mediated Glycosphingolipids
Authors: Francis Jacob, Shahidul Alam, Martina Konantz, Ching-Yeu Liang, Reto S. Kohler, Arun V. Everest-Dass, Yen-Lin Huang, Natalie Rimmer, Andre Fedier, Andreas Schötzau, Monica Nunez Lopez, Nicolle H. Packer, Claudia Lengerke, Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

The reversible transitions of cancer cells between epithelial and mesenchymal states comprise cellular and molecular processes essential for local tumor growth and respective dissemination. We report here that globoside glycosphingolipid (GSL) glycosyltransferase-encoding genes are elevated in epithelial cells and correlate with characteristic EMT signatures predictive of disease outcome. Depletion of globosides through CRISPR-Cas9-mediated deletion of the key enzyme A4GALT induces EMT, enhances chemoresistance, and increased CD24low/CD44high cells. The cholera toxin-induced mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition occurred only in cells with functional A4GALT. Cells undergoing EMT lost E-cadherin expression through epigenetic silencing at the promoter region of CDH1 However, in ΔA4GALT cells, demethylation was able to rescue E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion only in the presence of exogenous A4GALT. Overall, our data suggest another class of biomolecules vital for epithelial cancer cells and for maintaining cell integrity and function.Significance: This study highlights the essential role of glycosphingolipids in the maintenance of epithelial cancer cell properties. Cancer Res; 78(11); 2952-65. ©2018 AACR.
Opening the door to grief
Authors: Alison Shepherd
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Beyond Goodbye Media

When Kelly Anglin’s son died aged 14, she was loath to disturb anything in his bedroom, and when documentary film makers visited a year later nothing had changed.

“It still smells like him,” she told Jane Harris and Jimmy Edmonds, the makers of A Love that Never Dies . But Anglin says she is not stuck in …
CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION IS SUPERIOR TO CLASSICAL RISK FACTORS AS PREDICTOR OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
Authors: Marcio Miname, Romulo Alves, Sergio Moraes, Pamela Silva, Marcio Bittencourt, Cinthia Jannes, Alexandre Pereira, Raul Santos
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Lack of women in academic medicine means some areas are not properly studied, researchers say
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

The lack of women in academic medicine means that some areas of medicine are not being properly studied, researchers have said.

Sally Davies, chief medical officer for England, and Jonathan Grant, director of the Policy Institute at King’s College London, are two of the authors who have raised the issue in a paper in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine .1 They said that, as a consequence of female under-representation, some areas of medicine were under-researched, at a cost to patients and society. …
INTEGRATION OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC SCREENING BY NON-PHYSICIANS WITH REMOTE READING IN PRIMARY CARE: DATA FROM THE PROVAR+ STUDY
Authors: Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Craig Sable, Maria do Carmo Nunes, Marcia Barbosa, Kaciane K.B. Oliveira, João Pedro Rios, Karlla C.A. Lauriano, Tainá V. Lourenço, Isabella M. Teixeira, Gabriela Z.L. Ruiz, Letícia Maria M. Rabelo, Antonio Ribeiro, Andrea Beaton
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF LIVER STIFFNESS ASSESSED BY TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY IN ACUTE DECOMPENSATED HEART FAILURE
Authors: Yuki Saito, Mahoto Kato, Koichi Nagashima, Koyuru Monno, Yoshihiro Aizawa, Yasuo Okumura, Atsushi Hirayama
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Putting the “She” in Doctor
Authors: Ersilia M. DeFilippis
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

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Minimum alcohol pricing in Wales would cut deaths and hospital admissions, study finds
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Introducing a 50p (€0.56; $0.69) minimum unit price for alcohol in Wales would reduce deaths and hospital admissions related to alcohol, as well as crimes and work absences associated with drinking, an analysis has found.1

The move would be most effective in curbing alcohol consumption among the most harmful drinkers, it said. A minimum price would also be far more effective than increasing taxes on alcoholic drinks, which would be less targeted at the people most at risk.

The Welsh government unveiled a new bill last year designed to reduce hazardous and harmful drinking, which, …
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF MULTILAYER LEFT VENTRICULAR GLOBAL LONGITUDINAL STRAIN IN PATIENTS AFTER ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITH PRESERVED LEFT VENTRICULAR EJECTION FRACTION
Authors: Rachid Abou, Laurien Goedemans, Edgard Prihadi, Martin Schalij, Nina Ajmone Marsan, Jeroen J. Bax, Victoria Delgado
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Argininosuccinate Synthetase-1 (ASS1) Loss in High-Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinomas of the Urinary Bladder: Implications for Targeted Therapy with ADI-PEG 20
Authors: Sounak Gupta, Divya Sahu, John S. Bomalaski, Igor Frank, Stephen A. Boorjian, Prabin Thapa, John C. Cheville, Donna E. Hansel
Journal: Endocrine Pathology (2018)
Abstract 16887: Magnesium Orotate Elicits Acute Cardioprotection at Reperfusion in Isolated and in vivo Rat Hearts
Authors: Silvia Mirica, Gabriel Gheorghiu, Oana Duicu, Andreea Anechitei, Simona Trancota, Ovidiu Fira-Mladinescu, Denis Angoulvant, Danina Muntean
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Orotic acid and its salts given in chronic  administration have shown significant improvement of cardiac function  in several pathological settings. The aim of the present study was to  investigate the effect of magnesium orotate (Mg-Or) administration at  the onset of post ischemic reperfusion on myocardial function and  infarct size.   Methods:  Ex vivo experiments were performed on isolated perfused Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat’s hearts. Mg-Or (1 mM) was compared to Control (buffer); IPostC (ischemic postconditionning); OA (orotic acid; 1 mM) and, MgCl2 (1 mM). We also compared early (2 minutes before the onset of reperfusion) and delayed (3 minutes after reperfusion) administration of Mg-Or. Invasive left ventricular (LV) function and infarct size (IS) were measured. In vivo regional ischemia reperfusion (I/R) were performed in SD rats by coronary ligation. Mg-Or was administered at reperfusion comparing early and delayed administration regimens. All rat hearts were subjected to 30 minutes of ischemia followed by 120 minutes of reperfusion Compared to control in the isolated rat heart model of I/R injury, administration of Mg-Or at the very onset of reperfusion was associated with significant recovery of LV function (dLVP/dt max: 60.1±2.5 vs. 38.6±3.7, p
CORONARY AND PERIPHERAL VASOMOTOR RESPONSES TO MENTAL STRESS
Authors: Muhammad Hammadah, Ibhar Al Mheid, Jeong Hwan Kim, Kobina Wilmot, Frank Corrigan, Ayman Samman Tahhan, Wesley O’Neal, Heval Mohamed Kelli, Ronnie Ramadan, Mouwafak Mouwafak Moureiden, Pratik Sandesara, Girum Mekonnen, Ayman Alkhoder, Belal Kaseer, Fahad Choudhary, Mohamed Khayata, Yasir Bouchi, Amit Shah, Laura Ward, David Sheps, Habib Samady, Kreton Mavromatis, Viola Vaccarino, Arshed Quyyumi
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Junior contract imposition is “generational moment” for doctors, BMA says
Authors: Tom Moberly
Journal: BMJ (2015)

Ministers have created a “generational moment for the medical profession” by threatening to impose a new contract on junior doctors, the BMA council chair, Mark Porter, has said.

Writing in a blog post, Porter said that the threat to impose a new contract on junior doctors in England “goes beyond one country or one branch of practice—it’s an attack on the values we all cherish.”1 He made the comments after the announcement that junior doctors across England would be balloted over potential industrial action in response to plans to impose a new contract from August 2016.2

Junior doctors had found themselves “forced to ballot for industrial action,” said Porter. “The action they propose is in defence of us all, and must have our united support. As a profession, we need doctors who are safe, highly motivated, and able to deliver the best possible care …
Controlling the Swing of the Opioid Pendulum
Authors: George Comerci, Joanna Katzman, Daniel Duhigg
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Controlling the Swing of the Opioid Pendulum The opioid crisis has led some clinicians to discontinue prescribing of opioid analgesics. The fallout is a growing pool of patients forced to navigate their transition off prescribed opioids, often with little assistance, with the potential for disastrous results.
BIFURCAID: AN APP DEFINING A NEW ERA OF INNOVATIVE MEDICAL EDUCATION IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
Authors: Samit Bhatheja, Surbhi Chamaria, Rivelle Zlatopolsky, Sarthak Kakkar, Jason Rogers, Ashish Atreja, Samin K. Sharma, Annapoorna Subhash Kini
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)