tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Lipidomics reveals skin surface lipid abnormity in acne in young men
Authors: M. Zhou, Y. Gan, C. He, Z. Chen, Y. Jia
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Acne is a complex and multifactorial skin disorder. Alterations in skin surface lipid (SSL) are believed to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of acne and SSL plays a key role in the initiation of acne lesions. To analyse the lipidome profiles of SSL in patients with acne and in healthy controls in order to understand SSL abnormity in acne in young men. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QTOF‐MS) and multivariate data analysis were used to investigate the SSL variations in main lipid classes, subclasses and individual species. Results showed that there were significant differences in the lipidome between the two groups. Significantly increased levels of three main classes of glycerophospholipids, fatty acyls and sterol lipids and significantly decreased levels of two main classes of prenol lipids and saccharolipids were observed in patients with acne. Subsequent analysis showed that there were 18 subclasses, which varied significantly and shared the same changing trends of the main classes to which they belonged. Multivariate data analysis indicated that 36 individual species were mostly responsible for this discrimination and the majority of differentiating lipid species were phosphatidylserines. Furthermore, it was observed that the chain length of ceramides were reduced and unsaturated free fatty acids were increased in patients with acne. SSL sampled from young male patients with acne had significantly higher levels of phosphatidylserines. Additionally, the reduction in the chain length of ceramides and the increase in unsaturated free fatty acids contributed to an altered lipid organization and decreased skin barrier function in acne.
化脓性汗腺炎中的IL-36:独特的促炎性作用的证据和炎症循环发展的关键因素
Authors: S. Hessam, M. Sand, T. Gambichler, M. Skrygan, I. Ruddel, F.G. Bechara
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

来自德国的科学家们针对一种称为白介素‐36 (IL‐36)的细胞因子对化脓性汗腺炎(HS)是否重要进行了研究,HS是一种慢性、疼痛、丑陋、异臭的脓疱性皮肤病,会影响腋窝、腹股沟、臀部和胸部。细胞因子是一种由以某种方式打开其他细胞的一种细胞产生的分子,例如激活免疫系统细胞以追踪发生损伤的部位,包括感染导致的损伤。这是一种复杂的连锁反应或循环。如果细胞因子在不应产生的时候产生了,而不是免疫系统来修复损伤或抗击感染,那么就会导致不当炎症(例如HS中的那样)。本研究检查了15位中重度或重度HS患者的皮肤样本,并发现所有三种IL‐36子类型的水平都有所升高,主要是在称为角质细胞的细胞中:主要在病变皮肤中的子类型IL‐36α、在病变皮肤周围皮肤上的IL‐36β和两种皮肤上都有的IL‐36γ。该研究还证明了细胞因子IL‐37和‐38的不平衡情况,这与IL‐36的行动相反。这些发现表明,免疫系统在HS的发展中起着重要的作用。这符合相关理论:较高的IL‐36水平会导致连锁反应(包括其他白介素和称为辅助T细胞的特殊类型白血细胞),从而引起炎症和充足的白血细胞,进而产生脓包,而这正是该疾病的主要特点。
Neutral Variation in the Context of Selection
Authors: Brian Charlesworth, Deborah Charlesworth
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2018)

In its initial formulation by Motoo Kimura, the neutral theory was concerned solely with the level of variability maintained by random genetic drift of selectively neutral mutations, and the rate of molecular evolution caused by the fixation of such mutations. The original theory considered events at a single genetic locus in isolation from the rest of the genome. It did not take long, however, for theoreticians to wonder whether selection at one or more loci might influence neutral variability at linked sites. Once DNA sequence variability could be studied, and especially when resequencing of whole genomes became possible, it became clear that patterns of neutral variability in genomes are affected by selection at linked sites, and that these patterns could advance our understanding of natural selection, and can be used to detect the action of selection in genomic regions, including selection much weaker than could be detected by direct measurements of the relative fitnesses of different genotypes. We outline the different types of processes that have been studied, in approximate order of their historical development.
LINE-1 hypomethylation in colon cancer.
Authors: Dmitriy I. Vodolazhsky, Natalya N. Timoshkina, Svetlana B. Panina
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

588 Background: Global hypomethylation of the genome is one of the causes of chromosomal instability and aneuploidy and is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The long interspersed nucleotide element-1 (LINE-1) is the main part of the mobile repeated elements of the genome, and the level of its methylation is concordant with genome-wide methylation. The aim of the study was to assess the methylation of LINE-1, as well as methylation of the promoter of six cancer-associated genes adjusting for the clinical and pathological characteristics in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Using pyrosequencing (PyroMark Q24 analysis system, Qiagen, Germany) DNA methylation levels of LINE-1 and 6 genes ( APC, CDH13, MLH1, MGMT, P16 and RASSF1A) were measured in tumoral and normal tissues of 50 patients with CRC. Results: The level of LINE-1 methylation was 66.8 ± 0.89% in tumors, 72.5 ± 0.45% in normal tissues ( p = 0.0013). The differences in LINE-1 methylation level were not associated with age, differentiation grade, tumor localization, and the presence of activating mutation within the KRAS gene. At the same time, the MGMT methylation was positively associated with age ( p = 0.04), and the hypermethylation of the CDH13 gene was more common in tumors of the proximal colon ( p = 0.004). Methylation of the CDH13 promoter negatively correlated with methylation level of LINE1 ( r = -0.427, p &lt; 0.05). Hypomethylation of LINE-1 was associated with progression of TNM-stages of the tumors ( r = +0.606, p &lt; 0.001). The cancer-associated genes were hypermethylated in 70% of CRC cases when compared with normal epithelium, and hypomethylation of LINE-1 was observed in 90% of CRC cases. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the association of LINE-1 methylation with the TNM tumor stage, which may be used as a biomarker for early diagnosis and prognosis of sporadic CRC, together with assessment of hypermethylation of tumor suppressors.
Phase III Intergroup Trial of Adjuvant Androgen Deprivation With or Without Mitoxantrone Plus Prednisone in Patients With High-Risk Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy: SWOG S9921
Authors: Maha Hussain, Catherine M. Tangen, Ian M. Thompson, Gregory P. Swanson, David P. Wood, Wael Sakr, Nancy A. Dawson, Naomi B. Haas, Thomas W. Flaig, Tanya B. Dorff, Daniel W. Lin, E. David Crawford, David I. Quinn, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, L. Michael Glode
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

Purpose Patients with high-risk prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy are at risk for death. Adjuvant androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) may reduce this risk. We hypothesized that the addition of mitoxantrone and prednisone (MP) to adjuvant ADT could reduce mortality compared with adjuvant ADT alone. Methods Eligible patients had cT1-3N0 prostate cancer with one or more high-risk factors after radical prostatectomy (Gleason score [GS] ≥ 8; pT3b, pT4, or pN+ disease; GS 7 and positive margins; or preoperative prostate-specific antigen [PSA] &gt; 15 ng/mL, biopsy GS score &gt; 7, or PSA &gt; 10 ng/mL plus biopsy GS &gt; 6. Patients with PSA ≤ 0.2 ng/mL after radical prostatectomy were stratified by pT/N stage, GS, and adjuvant radiation plan and randomly assigned to ADT (bicalutamide and goserelin for 2 years) or ADT plus six cycles of MP. The primary end point was overall survival (OS). Median OS was projected to be 10 years in the ADT arm, requiring 680 patients per arm to detect a hazard ratio of 1.30 with 92% power and one-sided α = .05. Results Nine hundred sixty-one eligible intent-to-treat patients were randomly assigned to ADT or ADT + MP from October 1999 to January 2007, when the Data Safety Monitoring Committee recommended stopping accrual as a result of higher leukemia incidence with ADT + MP. Median follow-up was 11.2 years. The 10-year OS estimates were 87% with ADT (expected 50%) and 86% with ADT + MP (hazard ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.43). The 10-year estimate for disease-free survival was 72% for both arms. Prostate cancer was the cause of death in 18% of patients in the ADT arm and 22% in the ADT + MP arm. More patients in the MP arm died of other cancers (36% v 18% in ADT alone arm). Conclusion MP did not improve OS and increased deaths from other malignancies. The DFS and 10-year OS in these patients treated with 2 years of ADT were encouraging compared with historical estimates, although a definitive conclusion regarding value of ADT may not be made without a nontreatment control arm.
Personalized computational modeling of left atrial geometry and transmural myofiber architecture
Authors: Thomas E. Fastl, Catalina Tobon-Gomez, Andrew Crozier, John Whitaker, Ronak Rajani, Karen P. McCarthy, Damian Sanchez-Quintana, Siew Y. Ho, Mark D. O’Neill, Gernot Plank, Martin J. Bishop, Steven A. Niederer
Journal: Medical Image Analysis (2018)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia characterized by complete absence of coordinated atrial contraction and is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. Personalized computational modeling provides a novel framework for integrating and interpreting the role of atrial electrophysiology (EP) including the underlying anatomy and microstructure in the development and sustenance of AF. Coronary computed tomography angiography data were segmented using a statistics-based approach and the smoothed voxel representations were discretized into high-resolution tetrahedral finite element (FE) meshes. To estimate the complex left atrial myofiber architecture, individual fiber fields were generated according to morphological data on the endo- and epicardial surfaces based on local solutions of Laplace's equation and transmurally interpolated to tetrahedral elements. The influence of variable transmural microstructures was quantified through EP simulations on 3 patients using 5 different fiber interpolation functions. Personalized geometrical models included the heterogeneous thickness distribution of the left atrial myocardium and subsequent discretization led to high-fidelity tetrahedral FE meshes. The novel algorithm for automated incorporation of the left atrial fiber architecture provided a realistic estimate of the atrial microstructure and was able to qualitatively capture all important fiber bundles. Consistent maximum local activation times were predicted in EP simulations using individual transmural fiber interpolation functions for each patient suggesting a negligible effect of the transmural myofiber architecture on EP. The established modeling pipeline provides a robust framework for the rapid development of personalized model cohorts accounting for detailed anatomy and microstructure and facilitates simulations of atrial EP.
The sense of smell in primary ciliary dyskinesia
Authors: Joanne Rimmer
Journal: Thorax (2018)

Olfactory dysfunction is common in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS); indeed, it is one of the key diagnostic symptoms in both the European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis1 and the American Clinical Practice Guidelines on Sinusitis.2 Objective evidence of hyposmia/anosmia has been reported in 30%–78% of patients with CRS, depending on which test is used.3 Subjective complaints of a loss of or reduction in the sense of smell have been shown to correlate well with objective measures.4 Loss of the sense of smell is an important symptom from a quality of life perspective and is …
Prognostic significance of SATB1 expression in metastatic colorectal cancer: A Nordic prospective cohort study.
Authors: Christina Siesing, Halfdan Sorbye, Anca Dragomir, Per Pfeiffer, Camilla Qvortrup, Fredrik Ponten, Bjorn Nodin, Bengt Glimelius, Jakob Eberhard, Karin Jirstrom
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

707 Background: Special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 (SATB1) is a transcription factor involved in global gene regulation. SATB1 expression has been associated with poor prognosis in numerous cancer forms, including colorectal cancer (CRC). The value of SATB1 expression in metastatic CRC (mCRC) has, however, not yet been described. The aim was to evaluate the expression and prognostic significance of SATB1 in mCRC. Methods: SATB1 expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays with tumors from a prospective cohort with 454 mCRC patients from three Nordic countries. Cox regression proportional hazards models were applied to assess the impact of SATB1 expression on overall survival (OS); in the entire cohort, and in strata per chemotherapy and mutational status. Results: Among the 454 evaluable cases, 144 (32%) were positive and 310 (68%) were negative for SATB1 expression. Positive SATB1 expression was significantly more frequent in cases with lung metastases (41% vs 29%, p = 0.018), but did not correlate with other sites of distant metastasis. SATB1 expression (positive vs negative) was not prognostic in the entire cohort. The prognostic value of SATB1 did not differ between patients receiving palliative treatment (n = 281) and untreated patients (n = 178), and did not differ in relation to type of chemotherapy. In patients with BRAF wild type tumors, SATB1 expression was significantly associated with prolonged OS, whereas the opposite was seen in BRAF mutated tumors (hazard ratio = 0.77 vs 1.60, p for interaction = 0.005). SATB1 expression was significantly associated with prolonged OS in patients with KRAS mutated tumors (hazard ratio = 0.68), but not in KRAS wild type tumors, and there was no significant prognostic interaction between SATB1 expression and KRAS status. The prognostic value of SATB1 expression did not differ by tumor location. Conclusions: The prognostic value of SATB1 expression in mCRC appears to depend on the mutational status of the tumors, in particular BRAF. The potential value of SATB1 expression as a predictive biomarker for targeted therapies merits further investigation.
The putative role of oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathophysiology of sleep dysfunction across neuropsychiatric disorders: Focus on chronic fatigue syndrome, bipolar disorder and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Gerwyn Morris, Brendon Stubbs, Cristiano A. Köhler, Ken Walder, Anastasiya Slyepchenko, Michael Berk, André F. Carvalho
Journal: Sleep Medicine Reviews (2018)
Quantitation of HBV cccDNA in anti-HBc-positive liver donors by droplet digital PCR: A new tool to detect occult infection
Authors: Gian Paolo Caviglia, Maria Lorena Abate, Francesco Tandoi, Alessia Ciancio, Antonio Amoroso, Mauro Salizzoni, Giorgio Maria Saracco, Mario Rizzetto, Renato Romagnoli, Antonina Smedile
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Annals Story Slam - To Save One Life Is to Save the World
Authors: Dana P. Perlman
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

Web Exclusives3 April 2018Annals Story Slam - To Save One Life Is to Save the WorldFREEDana P. Perlman, MDDana P. Perlman, MDThomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (D.P.P.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/W18-0003 SectionsAboutVisual Abstract ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Video. Annals Story Slam - To Save One Life Is to Save the World "To Save One Life Is to Save the World," by Dr. Dana P. Perlman (Duration 5:39)Building on the popular Annals feature “On Being a Doctor,” storytellers share stories about the experience of doctoring on video.For more videos from and information on Annals Story Slam, visit go.annals.org/StorySlam. Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (D.P.P.)Corresponding Author: Dana P. Perlman, MD; e-mail, [email protected]edu. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 3 April 2018Volume 168, Issue 7Page: SS1 ePublished: 3 April 2018 Issue Published: 3 April 2018 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2018 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Psychosis is episodically required for the enduring integrity of shamanism
Authors: Joseph Polimeni
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2018)

Abstract The target article advances several original concepts about shamanism, including prospective explanations for how shamanism could express itself in different cultural settings. Although the potential for “innate psychological tendencies” is acknowledged, the target article prematurely dismisses one such hard-wired feature of shamanism: psychosis.
Practical Guide to Surgical Data Sets: National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) and Pediatric NSQIP
Authors: Mehul V. Raval, Timothy M. Pawlik
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Abstract P083: Diabetes Sub-Phenotypes Determined by Nutritional, Environmental,and Inflammatory Biomarkers and All-Cause Mortality in US Adults: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1988-1994
Authors: Jing Li, Yiqing Song
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Due to phenotypic heterogeneity in diabetes, it is important to examine different sub-phenotypes of diabetes based on biomarkers and evaluate their associations with all-cause mortality. We utilized the nationally representative sample in the NHANES III (The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994) to explore possible sub-phenotypes of diabetes determined based on tertile levels of 50 nutritional, environmental, and inflammatory biomarkers, respectively. Weighted logistic regression analyses were performed among 2,130 diabetic patients aged 20 to 90 years with adjustment for age, sex, race, BMI, smoking status, drinking status, physical activity, and educational background. We observed an increased risk of all-cause mortality associated with higher level of serum C-reactive protein ( P for trend=.01), serum thyroid stimulating hormone ( P for trend=.01), and urine albumin ( P for trend&lt;.0001), respectively. In contrast, higher levels of serum sodium ( P for trend=.01) and alpha carotene ( P for trend=.003) are associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality. In addition, these significant associations were not modified by age, sex, and race. In conclusion, our results indicate that some biomarkers are reliable predictors of diabetes-related mortality and have potential clinical values for improving risk stratification in diabetic patients, though further validation of their respective and joint predictive values is needed.
Abstract 3651: Caloric Restriction Stimulates Ischemia-induced Angiogenesis through an eNOS-dependent Pathway
Authors: Rei Shibata, Megumi Kondo, Masayuki Shimano, Kazuhisa Kondo, Kenneth Walsh, Noriyuki Ouchi, Toyoaki Murohara
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Caloric restriction (CR) can extend longevity and modulate the features of obesity-related metabolic and vascular diseases. However, little is known about the role of CR in the process of ischemia-induced vascular remodeling. Here, we investigated whether CR regulates angiogenic responses in vivo employing the hindlimb model of ischemia-induced angiogenesis. Wild-type (WT), endothelial nitric oxide synthase deficient (eNOS-KO) or adiponectin deficient (APN-KO) mice were randomly divided into 2 groups that were fed either ad libitum (AL) or CR (65% of the diet consumption of AL). Four weeks later, mice were subjected to unilateral hindlimb surgery. Serum adiponectin levels were measured by ELISA. The expression and activation of eNOS were assessed by Western blot analysis. Body weight of WT mice fed CR (CR-WT) was decreased by 26% compared to WT mice fed AL (AL-WT). Angiogenic repair of ischemic hindlimb was accelerated in CR-WT compared with AL-WT as evaluated by laser Doppler blood flow (p&lt;0.05) and capillary density analyses (p&lt;0.05). In WT mice, CR significantly enhanced ischemia-induced increase in eNOS activation of muscle tissues and increased serum adiponectin levels. In eNOS-KO mice, CR significantly increased serum adiponectin levels but did not enhance limb perfusion after surgery. In APN-KO mice, ischemia induction did not increase eNOS activation in muscle tissues, and CR had no effects on blood flow recovery and eNOS activation in ischemic limb. Our observation indicates that CR can promote angiogenesis in response to tissue ischemia through its ability to increase eNOS activation that is possibly mediated by adiponectin.
Review: Unmet Needs and the Path Forward in Joint Disease Associated With Calcium Pyrophosphate Crystal Deposition
Authors: Abhishek Abhishek, Tuhina Neogi, Hyon Choi, Michael Doherty, Ann K. Rosenthal, Robert Terkeltaub
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2018)

Calcium pyrophosphate ( CPP ) crystal deposition ( CPPD ) is prevalent and can be associated with synovitis and joint damage. The population of elderly persons predominantly affected by CPPD is growing rapidly. Since shortfalls exist in many aspects of CPPD , we conducted an anonymous survey of CPPD unmet needs, prioritized by experts from the Gout, Hyperuricemia and Crystal‐Associated Disease Network. We provide our perspectives on the survey results, and we propose several CPPD basic and clinical translational research pathways. Chondrocyte and cartilage culture systems for generating CPP crystals in vitro and transgenic small animal CPPD models are needed to better define CPPD mechanism paradigms and help guide new therapies. CPPD recognition, clinical research, and care would be improved by international consensus on CPPD nomenclature and disease phenotype classification, better exploitation of advanced imaging, and pragmatic new point‐of‐care crystal analytic approaches for detecting CPP crystals. Clinical impacts of CPP crystals in osteoarthritis and in asymptomatic joints in elderly persons remain major unanswered questions that are rendered more difficult by current inability to therapeutically limit or dissolve the crystal deposits and assess the consequent clinical outcome. Going forward, CPPD clinical research studies should define clinical settings in which articular CPPD does substantial harm and should include analyses of diverse clinical phenotypes and populations. Clinical trials should identify the best therapeutic targets to limit CPP crystal deposition and associated inflammation and should include assessment of intraarticular agents. Our perspective is that such advances in basic and clinical science in CPPD are now within reach and can lead to better treatments for this disorder.