tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of hidradenitis suppurativa among patients with Down syndrome: a population-based cross-sectional analysis
Authors: A. Garg, A. Strunk, M. Midura, V. Papagermanos, H. Pomerantz
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2017)

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) has been linked to Down syndrome (DS).To determine whether patients with DS have a higher prevalence of HS, and whether the diagnosis of HS occurs at an earlier age for these patients.A cross-sectional analysis was performed for a population sample of 11 936 patients with DS and 16 813 290 patients without DS. The primary outcome was the diagnosis of HS. Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms were used to identify patients with DS and HS. We used logistic regression models and significant interaction terms to evaluate the relationship between DS and HS. We also compared the proportion of incident HS cases within 5-year age groups to determine whether patients with DS had received an earlier diagnosis of HS.Prevalence of HS among patients with DS was 2·1%, compared with 0·3% for patients without DS (P < 0·001). HS prevalence was greatest among patients with DS who were aged 18-29 years. After controlling for age, sex and obesity, there was no difference in the prevalence of HS between female and male patients with DS or between white and nonwhite patients with DS. Compared with patients without DS, patients with DS had increased odds of HS in unadjusted [odds ratio (OR) 7·84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6·93-8·88] and adjusted (OR 5·24, 95% CI 4·62-5·94) analyses. HS was diagnosed by the age of 29 years in 81·8% of patients with DS, compared with 34·0% of patients without DS (P < 0·001).HS is strongly associated with DS across demographic subgroups and may present earlier in life for these patients.
Novel Mitochondrial Mechanisms of Cytarabine Resistance in Primary AML Cells
Authors: Aaron D. Schimmer
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2017)

Abstract Summary: Farge and colleagues describe a novel in vivo approach to identify and study primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells that persist in the marrow after chemotherapy. They discovered that AML cells that persist in the mouse marrow after treatment with cytarabine have increased oxidative phosphorylation and that inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation can restore sensitivity to cytarabine. Cancer Discov; 7(7); 670–2. ©2017 AACR. See related article by Farge et al., p. 716.
Quantitative Real-Time PCR Detection of Wilms' Tumor Gene (WT1) Transcript in Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell (PBSC) Products Predict the Risk of Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) Relapse After Autologous Transplantation (ASCT).
Authors: Carlo Messina, Cristina Tresoldi, Alessandro Crotta, Michela Tassara, Simona Malato, Barbara Forno, Magda Marcatti, Jacopo Peccatori, Consuelo Corti, Katharina Fleischhauer, Claudio Bordignon, Fabio Ciceri, Massimo Bernardi
Journal: Blood (2009)
Trends in blood gene expression in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with bevacizumab.
Authors: Analia Adela Rodriguez Garzotto, M. Teresa Agullo Ortuno, Santiago Ponce Aix, Vanesa Diaz Garcia, Alba Agudo-Lopez, Carlos Perez, Hernan Cortes-Funes, Lara Iglesias
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e22002 Background: Bevacizumab (BV) has shown increased overall response rate and survival in patients (Pt) with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). No biomarkers have been described predictors of response in these Pt. The aim of this study is to investigate the usefulness of gene expression profiles of peripheral blood monocytes from patients with NSCLC before and after chemotherapy plus BV. Methods: A prospective study of blood samples from Stage IV NSCLC Pt treated with BV plus chemotherapy in our institution between 2009 and 2010 was performed. Plasma samples were collected before cycle 1 and after completion of cycle 2 (week 7). Clinical and radiological outcomes were recorded. The TaqMan Human Angiogenesis Array was used for analysis (micro fluidic card). This array contains 96 target involved in human angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. Amplifications were carried out on the AB 7900HT RT-PCR system, and relative gene expression values were calculated by the ΔΔCt method. Results: We present preliminary results of 12 Pt who suffered stability or improvement of disease. Differentially expressed gene between samples before and after chemotherapy is shown in the following table. Conclusions: A range of differentially expressed genes associated with BV plus chemotherapy has been identified in our study. These genes could be used to assess the effectiveness of antiangiogenic therapy in addition to standard clinical and radiological evaluations, and even for designing new treatments. Gene P-Value (t-test) Biological function F2 0.0002 Angiogenesis inhibitor PF4 0.0015 Angiogenesis inhibitor COL4A2 0.0157 Angiogenesis inhibitor SERPINF1 0.0218 Angiogenesis inhibitor FGA 0.0235 Angiogenesis inhibitor HSPG2 0.0371 Angiogenesis inhibitor TNF 0.0037 Angiogenic growth factor MDK 0.0071 Angiogenic growth factor VEGFB 0.0111 Angiogenic growth factor PTN 0.0126 Angiogenic growth factor EDIL3 0.0194 Angiogenic growth factor PDGFB 0.0346 Angiogenic growth factor TGFA 0.0376 Angiogenic growth factor ITGB3 0.0121 Angiogenesis target ENPP2 0.0418 Angiogenesis target
Cryptic Microheteroresistance Explains <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Phenotypic Resistance
Authors: John Z. Metcalfe, Elizabeth Streicher, Grant Theron, Rebecca E. Colman, Christopher Allender, Darrin Lemmer, Rob Warren, David M. Engelthaler
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2017)

Minority drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis subpopulations can be associated with phenotypic resistance but are poorly detected by Sanger sequencing or commercial molecular diagnostic assays.To determine the role of targeted next-generation sequencing in resolving these minor variant subpopulations.We used single molecule overlapping reads (SMOR), a targeted next-generation sequencing approach that dramatically reduces sequencing error, to analyze primary cultured isolates phenotypically resistant to rifampin, fluoroquinolones, or aminoglycosides, but for which Sanger sequencing found no resistance-associated variants (RAVs) within respective resistance-determining regions (study group). Isolates also underwent single-colony selection on antibiotic-containing agar, blinded to sequencing results. As a positive control, isolates with multiple colocalizing chromatogram peaks were also analyzed (control group).Among 61 primary culture isolates (25 study group and 36 control group), SMOR described 66 (49%) and 45 (33%) of 135 total heteroresistant RAVs at frequencies less than 5% and less than 1% of the total mycobacterial population, respectively. In the study group, SMOR detected minor resistant variant subpopulations in 80% (n = 20/25) of isolates with no Sanger-identified RAVs (median subpopulation size, 1.0%; interquartile range, 0.2-3.9%). Single-colony selection on drug-containing media corroborated SMOR results for 90% (n = 18/20) of RAV-containing specimens, and the absence of RAVs in 60% (n = 3/5) of isolates. Overall, Sanger sequencing was concordant with SMOR for 77% (n = 53/69) of macroheteroresistant (5-95% total population), but only 5% of microheteroresistant (<5%) subpopulations (n = 3/66) across both groups.Cryptic minor variant mycobacterial subpopulations exist below the resolving capability of current drug susceptibility testing methodologies, and may explain an important proportion of false-negative resistance determinations.
Clinical experience with the Dalkon shield.
Authors: J Hallay
Journal: BMJ (1973)

account should be taken of research in a relevant basic science.We recognize that a flexible system must operate.Some investi- gators will undoub-tedly follow unorthodox paths and we do not wish to discourage this.Their accreditation could be considered on merit suggested in the heavy type on p. 8 of the First Report of the J.C.H.M.T.
Association Between Motor Symptoms and Brain Metabolism in Early Huntington Disease
Authors: Véronique Gaura, Sonia Lavisse, Pierre Payoux, Serge Goldman, Christophe Verny, Pierre Krystkowiak, Philippe Damier, Frédéric Supiot, Anne-Catherine Bachoud-Levi, Philippe Remy
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2017)

Brain hypometabolism is associated with the clinical consequences of the degenerative process, but little is known about regional hypermetabolism, sometimes observed in the brain of patients with clinically manifest Huntington disease (HD). Studying the role of regional hypermetabolism is needed to better understand its interaction with the motor symptoms of the disease.To investigate the association between brain hypometabolism and hypermetabolism with motor scores of patients with early HD.This study started in 2001, and analysis was completed in 2016. Sixty symptomatic patients with HD and 15 healthy age-matched control individuals underwent positron emission tomography to measure cerebral metabolism in this cross-sectional study. They also underwent the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale motor test, and 2 subscores were extracted: (1) a hyperkinetic score, combining dystonia and chorea, and (2) a hypokinetic score, combining bradykinesia and rigidity.Statistical parametric mapping software (SPM5) was used to identify all hypo- and hypermetabolic regions in patients with HD relative to control individuals. Correlation analyses (P < .001, uncorrected) between motor subscores and brain metabolic values were performed for regions with significant hypometabolism and hypermetabolism.Among 60 patients with HD, 22 were women (36.7%), and the mean (SD) age was 44.6 (7.6) years. Of the 15 control individuals, 7 were women (46.7%), and the mean (SD) age was 42.2 (7.3) years. In statistical parametric mapping, striatal hypometabolism was significantly correlated with the severity of all motor scores. Hypermetabolism was negatively correlated only with hypokinetic scores in the cuneus (z score = 3.95, P < .001), the lingual gyrus (z score = 4.31, P < .001), and the crus I/II of the cerebellum (z score = 3.77, P < .001), a region connected to associative cortical areas. More severe motor scores were associated with higher metabolic values in the inferior parietal lobule, anterior cingulate, inferior temporal lobule, the dentate nucleus, and the cerebellar lobules IV/V, VI, and VIII bilaterally corresponding to the motor regions of the cerebellum (z score = 3.96 and 3.42 in right and left sides, respectively; P < .001).Striatal hypometabolism is associated with clinical disease severity. Conversely, hypermetabolism is likely compensatory in regions where it is associated with decreasing motor scores. Hypermetabolism might be detrimental in other structures in which it is associated with more severe motor symptoms. In the cerebellum, both compensatory and detrimental contributions seem to occur. This study helps to better understand the motor clinical relevance of hypermetabolic brain regions in HD.
Computational Psychiatry: New Perspectives on Mental Illnessedited by A. David Redish, Ph.D., and Joshua A. Gordon, M.D., Ph.D. Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press, 2016, 424 pp., $45.00 (hardcover).
Authors: Tali M. Ball, Andrea N. Goldstein-Piekarski
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2017)
Lymphovascular invasion and survival in breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Authors: Ying Liu, Anurag Saraf, Shing Mirn Lee, Xiaobo Zhong, Kevin Kalinsky, Eileen Connolly
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

1025 Background: A number of prognostic indicators have been investigated in those with operable invasive breast cancer (BC) receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Our study seeks to examine if lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is an independent predictor of overall survival in women receiving NAC. Methods: IRB approved retrospective analysis was performed in 166 women with operable invasive BC who underwent adriamycin (A) and taxane (T) based NAC between 2008-2013. Presence of LVI was measured on pathological specimens. Associations between progression-free and overall survival with LVI and other clinicopathologic variables were assessed. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association of LVI and survival after adjusting for subtype and post-surgical nodal status. Results: Median follow-up was 36 months (range 9-164) with a total of 56 recurrences and 24 deaths from any cause. LVI was found in 86 of 166 patient cases reviewed (51.8%). On univariate analysis, presence of LVI was associated with both worse progression-free survival (HR 2.69 95% CI 1.51-4.81, p = 0.0008) and overall survival (HR 3.62, 95% CI 1.35-9.71, p = 0.0105). In multivariate models adjusting for subtype and post-surgical nodal status, LVI was significantly associated with a decrease in progression-free survival (HR 2.04 95% CI 1.07-3.89, p = 0.0307) with a non-significant trend towards worse overall survival (HR 2.36 95% CI 0.82-6.94, p = 0.1188). When stratified by subtype, those with hormone receptor or HER2 positive BCs with no LVI had the best progression-free and overall survival. Those with both LVI and triple negative BC (TNBC) had the worst progression-free and overall survival, with LVI conferring a similar survival detriment as having TNBC. Conclusions: LVI is an important prognostic marker in those receiving NAC. Presence of LVI is associated with progression-free survival in univariate and multivariate models adjusting for subtype and post-surgical nodal status, with a trend towards significance with overall survival.
AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF MATCH INJURIES IN YOUTH RUGBY UNION
Authors: Michael Hislop, Keith Stokes, Sean Williams, Simon Kemp, Mike England, Grant Trewartha
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Background Injury risk in youth rugby is perceived as high when compared with other youth sports, and has become a notable public health topic. Objective To investigate the incidence and nature of match-related injuries sustained in youth rugby union. Design Two-season prospective cohort study. Setting Independent schools within England during 2013/14 and 2015/16 playing seasons. Participants Eligible schools had onsite medical personnel for injury treatment and data capture. All male players within the under-15 to under-18 age groups of included schools were eligible to participate. In total, 3,179 rugby players (aged 14–18 years) from 40 schools participated. Main Outcome Measures Time-loss (&gt;24 hours) match injury incidence (per 1000 match hours) and burden (days lost per 1000 match hours), classifications made on injury location, severity, and inciting event. Results 598 time-loss injuries were reported from 21,865 match exposure-hours, giving an overall match injury incidence of 27 injuries/1000 match-hours (90% CI 26 to 29) and burden of 731 days lost/1000 match-hours (90% CI 721 to 740). The head was the most frequently injured location (31% of injuries), followed by the shoulder (14%), wrist/hand (12%), and knee (8%). Moderate time-loss injuries (8–28 days) were the most commonly reported (38%), followed by minor injuries (2–7 days, 33%), whilst over a quarter of injuries were severe (&gt;28 days, 27%). Most injuries were associated with contact events (88%), particularly the tackle (58%) and ruck (14%), with 8% associated with running. Concussion incidence was 6/1000 match-hours (90% CI 5 to 7). Conclusions Match injury incidence was similar to figures reported in recent studies, whilst injury burden and the proportion of severe injuries were lower than previously reported. Implications of this study's findings would include focusing further on identifying risk factors and preventive strategies for tackle-related injuries as well as for head injuries, particularly concussion, in youth rugby.
Sequential Tracking of PD-L1 Expression and RAD50 Induction in Circulating Tumor and Stromal Cells of Lung Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy
Authors: Daniel L. Adams, Diane K. Adams, Jianzhong He, Neda Kalhor, Ming Zhang, Ting Xu, Hui Gao, James M. Reuben, Yawei Qiao, Ritsuko Komaki, Zhongxing Liao, Martin J. Edelman, Cha-Mei Tang, Steven H. Lin
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Purpose: Evidence suggests that PD-L1 can be induced with radiotherapy and may be an immune escape mechanism in cancer. Monitoring this response is limited, as repetitive biopsies during therapy are impractical, dangerous, and miss tumor stromal cells. Monitoring PD-L1 expression in both circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating stromal cells (CStCs) in blood-based biopsies might be a practical alternative for sequential, noninvasive assessment of changes in tumor and stromal cells. Experimental Design: Peripheral blood was collected before and after radiotherapy from 41 patients with lung cancer, as were primary biopsies. We evaluated the expression of PD-L1 and formation of RAD50 foci in CTCs and a CStC subtype, cancer-associated macrophage-like cells (CAMLs), in response to DNA damage caused by radiotherapy at the tumor site. Results: Only 24% of primary biopsies had sufficient tissue for PD-L1 testing, tested with IHC clones 22c3 and 28-8. A CTC or CAML was detectable in 93% and 100% of samples, prior to and after radiotherapy, respectively. RAD50 foci significantly increased in CTCs (&amp;gt;7×, P &amp;lt; 0.001) and CAMLs (&amp;gt;10×, P = 0.001) after radiotherapy, confirming their origin from the radiated site. PD-L1 expression increased overall, 1.6× in CTCs (P = 0.021) and 1.8× in CAMLs (P = 0.004): however, individual patient PD-L1 expression varied, consistently low/negative (51%), consistently high (17%), or induced (31%). Conclusions: These data suggest that RAD50 foci formation in CTCs and CAMLs may be used to track cells subjected to radiation occurring at primary tumors, and following PD-L1 expression in circulating cells may be used as a surrogate for tracking adaptive changes in immunotherapeutic targets. Clin Cancer Res; 23(19); 5948–58. ©2017 AACR.
Prescribing and monitoring patterns for HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer: A survey of community-based oncologists.
Authors: Peggy L. Lin, Yanni Hao, James E. Signorovitch, Alexander R. Macalalad, Eric Qiong Wu, Zhou Zhou, Jinlin Song, Erika Ohashi, Caroline Kelley, Suleiman Alfred Massarweh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e11551 Background: Endocrine therapy and chemotherapy are used in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor-negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer (aBC). Little is known about physician prescribing and monitoring patterns for HR+/HER2- aBC in real-world practice. Methods: Community-based oncologists treating HR+/HER2- aBC patients with disease relapse after adjuvant therapy or 1st-line aBC treatment for de novo metastatic disease were surveyed regarding preferred 1st- and 2nd-line agents. The percentages of patients experiencing severe physical or emotional problems while on endocrine or chemotherapy were recalled, and patient monitoring frequency was studied. Results: Twenty-seven physicians completed the survey. Preferred 1st-line endocrine therapies were anastrozole/letrozole, exemestane, tamoxifen/toremifene, and fulvesterant, based on ranking by median preference scores. Physicians recalled patients receiving a median of 3 lines of endocrine therapy with a median total duration of 18 months before transition to chemotherapy. Almost all physicians reported that they initiate chemotherapy for patients who experience progression or recurrence on endocrine therapy and have organ threatening disease (96%). Capecitabine, paclitaxel, and docetaxel were preferred 1st-line chemotherapies. Based on recall of experience, the median percentages of patients with severe problems in functioning and quality of life were higher for chemotherapy compared to endocrine therapy, including 65% vs. 33% with treatment side effects, 50% vs. 30% with physical symptoms, 40% vs. 20% with impaired performance status, and 18% vs. 10% with distress. The majority of physicians monitored patients on endocrine therapy every 3-6 months and patients on chemotherapy every 2-3 months. Conclusions: In this survey of real-world treatment patterns for HR+/HER2- aBC, physicians recalled using a median of 3 lines of endocrine therapy before initiating chemotherapy. Compared to endocrine therapy, patients receiving chemotherapy were expected to experience more adverse impacts on functioning and quality of life, and were monitored more frequently.
Patient-reported outcomes in DNA mismatch repair deficient/microsatellite instability high metastatic colorectal cancer treated with nivolumab: CheckMate 142
Authors: Michael Overman, Shital Kamble, Rebecca Moss, Fiona Taylor, Gregory Maglinte, James Shaw, Kim Cocks, Erin Mann, Christine Yip, Thierry André
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
BMA annual meeting: BMA will work to ensure patients have timely access to wheelchairs
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2017)

The BMA will work with NHS England and others to make sure that patients have timely access to suitable wheelchairs.

Delegates at the BMA’s annual representatives meeting in Bournemouth on 26 June voted in favour of a motion which noted, with concern, the “increasing numbers of patients resorting to crowdfunding …
Clinical outcomes of everolimus in patients with advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: A multicenter study in Korea
Authors: Joo Lee Kyong, Hee Cho Jae, Man Kim Hee, Hyub Lee Sang, Young Song Si, Hyuk Lee Kwang, Seok Jeong, Jikon Ryu, Myung Woo Sang, Seungmin Bang, Kyun Lee Jong, Yong-Tae Kim, Jin Lee Woo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
The genomic landscape of pediatric and young adult T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Yu Liu, John Easton, Ying Shao, Jamie Maciaszek, Zhaoming Wang, Mark R Wilkinson, Kelly McCastlain, Michael Edmonson, Stanley B Pounds, Lei Shi, Xin Zhou, Xiaotu Ma, Edgar Sioson, Yongjin Li, Michael Rusch, Pankaj Gupta, Deqing Pei, Cheng Cheng, Malcolm A Smith, Jaime Guidry Auvil, Daniela S Gerhard, Mary V Relling, Naomi J Winick, Andrew J Carroll, Nyla A Heerema, Elizabeth Raetz, Meenakshi Devidas, Cheryl L Willman, Richard C Harvey, William L Carroll, Kimberly P Dunsmore, Stuart S Winter, Brent L Wood, Brian P Sorrentino, James R Downing, Mignon L Loh, Stephen P Hunger, Jinghui Zhang, Charles G Mullighan
Journal: Nature Genetics (2017)
Abstract 15255: How Would Use of Flow-Focused Adjuncts, Passive Ventilation and Head-Up CPR Affect All-Rhythm Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation Rates in a Large, Complex EMS System?
Authors: Paul E Pepe, Kenneth A Scheppke, Peter M Antevy, Charles Coyle, Daniel Millstone, Craig Prusansky, Johanna C Moore
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Sprawling and multi-ethnic with extremes of age / socioeconomics, Palm Beach County (PBC), FL (pop. 1.4 mill) has still realized short term survival rates (hospital admission) akin to...
Associations Between Serum Adiponectin, Vascular O2-Generation and NO Bioavailability In Patients With Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: C Antoniades, C Shirodaria, P Leeson, C Bakogiannis, M Demosthenous, A Antonopoulos, D Tousoulis, A Miliou, C Stefanadis, K M Channon
Journal: Circulation (2010)