tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Physician Denial of Inappropriate Patient Requests—What If I Say No??
Authors: Joseph S. Ross
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Tendances de l’incidence de la coqueluche dans la communauté autonome de Madrid, Espagne : 1982-2005
Authors: I Vera, L García-Comas, M Ordobas, A Gutierrez, J C Sanz, D Barranco
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2007)

L’objectif de cette etude etait de decrire l’incidence (1982-2005) et les caracteristiques epidemiologiques des cas de coqueluche (1998-2005) dans la communaute autonome de Madrid en utilisant les donnees provenant du reseau de surveillance epidemiologique et des donnees informatiques de sorties hospitalieres.
Dosimetric evaluation of radionuclides for VCAM-1-targeted radionuclide therapy of early brain metastases
Authors: Nadia Falzone, Nicole L. Ackerman, Liset de la Fuente Rosales, Mario A. Bernal, Xiaoxuan Liu, Sarah GJA Peeters, Manuel Sarmiento Soto, Aurélien Corroyer-Dulmont, Myriam Bernaudin, Elisa Grimoin, Omar Touzani, Nicola R. Sibson, Katherine A. Vallis
Journal: Theranostics (2017)

Brain metastases develop frequently in patients with breast cancer, and present a pressing therapeutic challenge. Expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) is upregulated on brain endothelial cells during the early stages of metastasis and provides a target for the detection and treatment of early brain metastases. The aim of this study was to use a model of early brain metastasis to evaluate the efficacy of α-emitting radionuclides,
Impact of perioperative fluoropyrimidines on the efficacy of capecitabine in patients with advanced breast cancer: A retrospective study
Authors: S. Iizumi, A. Shimomura, T. Shimoi, K. Sudo, E. Noguchi, K. Yonemori, C. Shimizu, Y. Fujiwara, K. Tamura
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
International Consensus on Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Thomas Danne, Revital Nimri, Tadej Battelino, Richard M. Bergenstal, Kelly L. Close, J. Hans DeVries, Satish Garg, Lutz Heinemann, Irl Hirsch, Stephanie A. Amiel, Roy Beck, Emanuele Bosi, Bruce Buckingham, Claudio Cobelli, Eyal Dassau, Francis J. Doyle, Simon Heller, Roman Hovorka, Weiping Jia, Tim Jones, Olga Kordonouri, Boris Kovatchev, Aaron Kowalski, Lori Laffel, David Maahs, Helen R. Murphy, Kirsten Nørgaard, Christopher G. Parkin, Eric Renard, Banshi Saboo, Mauro Scharf, William V. Tamborlane, Stuart A. Weinzimer, Moshe Phillip
Journal: Diabetes Care (2017)

Measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA
We need to change the culture around complaints procedures
Authors: Tom Bourne
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Sokol says that lawsuits encourage “better, safer practice.”1 But litigation and complaint investigations have a pernicious effect by creating a culture of fear, and, as Berwick states, “Fear is toxic to both safety and improvement.”2

Physicians understandably respond by practising defensively. We found that >80% of doctors responding to a survey admitted to “hedging” (for example, overinvestigating or …
Structural priming is a useful but imperfect technique for studying all linguistic representations, including those of pragmatics
Authors: Alice Rees, Lewis Bott
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Structural priming is a useful tool for investigating linguistics representations. We argue that structural priming can be extended to the investigation of pragmatic representations such as Gricean enrichments. That is not to say priming is without its limitations, however. Interpreting a failure to observe priming may not be as simple as Branigan & Pickering (B&P) imply.
Abstract 12369: Synchrotron Radiation Coronary Microangiography Could Confirm Induction of Coronary Vasoconstriction by Cold Exposure in the Diabetic Rat
Authors: Hiroaki Sakamoto, Shonosuke Matsushita, Kazuyuki Hyodo, Chiho Tokunaga, Fujio Sato, Yuji Hiramatsu
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Previous reports have suggested that sympathetic nerve stimulation by cold exposure induces coronary vasoconstriction in diabetes, but this has not been directly confirmed. The purpose of this study was to confirm, in the in vivo diabetic rat, that coronary vasoconstriction is induced by cold exposure. Conventional coronary angiography cannot visualize small arteries of less than 300 μm in diameter, such as the rat coronary artery. We have developed a system of synchrotron radiation coronary microangiography (SRCA) in the in vivo rat. SRCA can visualize vessels as small as 50 μm in diameter, thus enabling us to evaluate the coronary artery reaction in the in vivo rat. Method: The advantages of synchrotron radiation-derived X-rays are their high spatial resolution (9 μm/pixel) obtained as a result of the increased photon density and straightness of the beam. Diabetes was induced in rats by administration of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin. A polyethylene tube for angiography was inserted into the carotid artery of anesthetized rat. SRCA was performed before and after cold exposure. We compared the changes in the caliber of the coronary arteries of normal rats (n = 6) with those of the diabetic rats (n = 6). Results: High spatial and density resolution images were obtained (Figure). Several points along the left coronary artery were measured in each rat. The coronary diameter after cold exposure was increased by 8.6% in the normal rats and decreased by 10% in the diabetic rats; the difference between the 2 groups was significant (p &lt; 0.05). The measured points were divided into 3 categories according to diameter: small (&lt; 150 μm), medium (150-250 μm), and large (&gt; 250 μm). In each category of the normal rats, the coronary arteries were dilated. On the other hand, in each category of the diabetic rats, they were constricted. Conclusion: The SRCA system could confirm that sympathetic nerve stimulation by cold exposure induced coronary vasoconstriction in the in vivo diabetic rat.
The 2017 Budget and the NHS: experts give their verdict
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2017)

On Thursday 23 November, the day after the UK’s autumn Budget, <i>The BMJ</i> hosted a Facebook Live event (http://bit.ly/2AtfCGS) with health policy experts to discuss its implications for the NHS.1 On the panel were John Appleby, director of research and chief economist at the Nuffield Trust, Anita Charlesworth, director of research and economics at the Health Foundation, and Siva Anandaciva, chief analyst at the King’s Fund. Here are some of their thoughts
Application of over-the-scope clip for massive duodenal ulcer bleeding in a 4-year-old boy weighing 7.8 kg
Authors: Takeo Kondo, Hirohito Mori, Hideki Kobara, Noriko Nishiyama, Sonoko Kondo, Hitoshi Okada, Takashi Kusaka
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

Efficacy of the over-the-scope clip (OTSC; Ovesco Endoscopy GmbH, Tübingen, Germany) system has been described in the adult population [1] [2] [3] [4], very rarely in pediatric patients. Wright et al. reported a first-ever application of OTSC for pediatric patients weighing over 10 kg with gastrocutaneous fistula [5]. However, its indication for younger patients, those with lower weight, or other situations, such as refractory bleeding, remains unclear. Here, we describe the effective application of OTSC for temporary hemostasis of massive duodenal bleeding in a 4-year-old boy with the lowest weight ever reported ([Video 1]).
Data Deficiency in an Era of Expanding Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Care
Authors: David C. Goodman, George A. Little
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Abstract 18094: Appalachian Youth and Tobacco Products: Perceptions, Attitudes, and Behaviors
Authors: Joy L Hart, Clara Sears, Alexander Lee, Courteney Smith, Allison Siu, Kandi L Walker
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Crucial to ending the scourge of tobacco addiction is reducing youth use of the various products. Despite reduction in youth cigarette use, other products (e.g., hookah, e-cigs) have increased in popularity in this age group (CDC, 2013, 2015). Use patterns are also influenced by factors such as social acceptance, peer use, SES, and accessibility (US DHHS, 2012, 2015). Some areas have higher youth tobacco use rates (Kruger et al., 2012; US DHHS, 2012, 2015); for example, use of tobacco by middle and high school students in Appalachia continues to exceed rates in other areas. Increased understanding of the factors promoting this use is vital to developing effective youth anti-tobacco campaigns and public policy. Objective: To assess Appalachian middle and high school students’ perceptions of, attitudes about, and use of tobacco products. Methods: Data were collected in three Appalachian states: Kentucky, New York, and North Carolina. These states were selected for differences in overall use of tobacco by youth (i.e., Kentucky: high, North Carolina: mid-level, New York: low). From October 2014-May 2015, 23 focus groups were conducted with middle and high school students (N=203). Each participant completed a questionnaire on perceptions of and attitudes about tobacco, use of tobacco, and views of health consequences and engaged in an open-ended focus group discussion. Results: Traditional tobacco products continue to be popular with Appalachian youth. For example, 29% of the participants have tried at least one tobacco product, with significant numbers of daily users (9% smokeless tobacco; 6% cigarettes). E-cig use was nearly as high, with approximately 22% reporting some experience. Findings also revealed varying attitudes and discrepant conclusions surrounding e-cigs. Comparisons between tobacco users and nonusers as well as by middle and high school status and state will be addressed.
Patterns of radiation delivery in the last 6 months of life.
Authors: Audrey S. Wallace, Courtney Williams, Elizabeth Ann Kvale, Maria Pisu, Edward E. Partridge, John B. Fiveash, Gabrielle Betty Rocque
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

66 Background: The purpose of this analysis is to report patterns of radiation delivery at the end of life among older cancer patients. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of deceased Medicare patients age ≥65 with Stage IV cancer treated from 2012-2014 at 12 cancer community networks affiliated with an academic center in the Southeast, with available follow-up through 2015. Patients without Medicare coverage through 2015 were excluded. The outcome of interest was receipt of radiation in the last 6 months of life. Bivariate analyses for age group (65-69, 70-79, 80+), gender, Charlson comorbidity index (0, 1, 2+), cancer type (lung, GI, GU, H&amp;N), and center volume (high = &gt; 4000 cases/year) associated with receipt of radiation were performed. Results: 3688 patients met inclusion criteria; 700 (19%) received radiation in the last 6 months of life. In the radiation group (RT) &amp; no radiation group (no-RT), median age at cancer diagnosis was 73 &amp; 75 years, 41% &amp; 45% were female, and 50% &amp; 54% had Charlson comorbidity index of 2+. For the RT and no-RT groups, the cancer distribution was lung (39% &amp; 33%), GI (15% &amp; 26%), GU (7% &amp; 9%), and H&amp;N (6% &amp; 5%); median time from diagnosis to death for RT and no RT was 449 &amp; 400 days. Median time from last fraction of radiation to death was 84 days for the entire cohort; 27% of radiation was delivered in the last 30 days of life. On bivariate analysis, patients treated with radiation were more likely to be younger, Caucasian, have lung cancer, lower Charlson comorbidity score, and be treated at smaller volume centers(all p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: Among older terminally ill cancer patients who received radiation, &gt; 25% received radiation in the last 30 days of life, which may reflect the challenges of prognostication in this cohort. Older patients were less likely to receive radiation, which may be indicative of barriers associated with receipt of treatment with increasing age.
Erythematous Rash Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Connie R. Shi, Molly Plovanich, Susan Burgin
Journal: JAMA (2017)

A 66-year-old man developed noninfectious fever and rash after autologous HSCT. Chest computed tomography showed ground-glass and consolidative lung opacities; skin punch biopsy showed vacuolar change and superficial perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrate. What would you do next?
A usage-based cognitive linguistic (re-)interpretation of priming evidence
Authors: Franziska Günther
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract Usage-based cognitive linguistic (UBCL) theories offer a unifying interpretation of the different (structural vs. [more] lexical) priming effects reported by Branigan &amp; Pickering (B&amp;P), and they provide an ideal basis for explaining contextual influences on priming. However, they also call into question B&amp;P's claim that priming “provides evidence that is directly informative about mental representation” (sect. 1.5, para. 1).
Risk of hematological toxicities and febrile neutropenia in patients with hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer treated with CDK 4/6 inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Authors: Myo Zaw, Kyaw Zin Thein, Aung Tun, Myat M. Han, Saba Radhi, Fred L. Hardwicke, Catherine Jones
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

207 Background: Majority of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor or progesterone receptor. CDK4/6 signaling plays a role in endocrine therapy resistance and the benefit of inhibition of these pathways has been proven in studies. Yet the impact of these agents on hematological toxicities and febrile neutropenia is a considerable safety concern. Hence, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT). Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE databases and meeting abstracts from inception through June 2017 were queried. RCTs that mention anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, neutropenia and neutropenic fever as adverse effects were incorporated in the analysis. Mantel-Haenszel method was used to calculate the estimated pooled risk ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI). Random effects model was applied. Results: Five RCTs (four phase 3 and one phase 2 studies) with a total of 2671 patients were eligible for analysis. The study arm used palbociclib-letrozole, palbociclib-fulvestrant, ribociclib-letrozole and abemaciclib-fulvestrant while the control arm utilized placebo in combination with letrozole or fulvestrant. The relative risks (RR) of all-grade side effects were as follows: anemia, 3.77 (95% CI: 2.47 – 5.75, p &lt; 0.0001); thrombocytopenia, 9.69 (95% CI: 4.26 – 22.04, p &lt; 0.0001); leukopenia, 11.68 (95% CI: 8.19–16.65; p &lt; 0.0001); and neutropenia, 14.09 (95% CI: 10.73–18.49; p &lt; 0.0001). The RR of high-grade adverse effects were as follows: anemia, 2.66 (95% CI: 1.29 – 5.45, p = 0.008); thrombocytopenia, 7.08 (95% CI: 1.95 – 25.74, p = 0.003); leukopenia, 33.58 (95% CI: 14.49–77.77; p &lt; 0.0001); and neutropenia, 40.33 (95% CI: 19.34–84.10; p &lt; 0.001). The pooled risk of neutropenic fever was statistically significant at 4.26 (95% CI: 1.11–16.26; p = 0.034). Conclusions: CDK 4/6 inhibitors based regimen significantly contributed to all hematological toxicities as well as febrile neutropenia. These toxicities affect patients’ quality of life, add financial burden and may lead to drug dosing inconsistencies.
Does art expertise facilitate distancing?
Authors: Helmut Leder, Norbert Schwarz
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract With respect to the Distancing-Embracing model, we discuss whether experts with well-developed and highly accessible schemata that lend themselves to distancing have initial affective reactions similar to those of novices, who lack access to well-developed distancing mechanisms, and whether differences between experts' and novices' responses are apparent only after distancing mechanisms have had a chance to do their work. We revisit findings from Leder et al. (2014) and discuss the role of mixed emotions and fluency.
What Recent History Has Taught Us About Responding to Emerging Infectious Disease Threats
Authors: Catharine I. Paules, Robert W. Eisinger, Hilary D. Marston, Anthony S. Fauci
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2017)

Presidential administrations face any number of unexpected crises during their tenure, and global pandemics are among the most challenging. As of January 2017, one of the authors had served under 5 presidents as the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the National Institutes of Health. During each administration, the government faced unexpected pandemics, ranging from the HIV/AIDS pandemic, which began during the Reagan administration, to the recent Zika outbreak in the Americas, which started during the Obama administration. These experiences underscored the need to optimize preparation for and response to these threats whenever and wherever they emerge. This article recounts selected outbreaks occurring during this period and highlights lessons that were learned that can be applied to the infectious disease threats that will inevitably be faced in the current presidential administration and beyond.
Abstract 19720: Exercise Training Reduces Angiotensin II and Advanced Glycation Endproducts in Patients with Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Ulf G Bronas, Daniel Duprez, Diane Treat-Jacobson, Mark Rosenberg
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  We have previously reported a significant improvement in endothelial function assessed by flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and arterial stiffness measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) following 12-wks of exercise training in patients with stage 2-4 type 2 diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The mechanisms for these changes are unknown. Angiotensin II (Ang-II) and advanced glycation endproducs (AGEs) have been shown to be intricately involved in mediating endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness in patients with DKD. The efficacy of exercise training to reduce Ang-II and AGEs in patients with DKD is unknown.   Hypothesis:  We hypothesized that exercise training would reduce levels of Ang-II and AGEs, and that this reduction would be associated with an improvement in endothelial function and arterial stiffness.   Method:  In a randomized controlled trial involving 91 participants (68 % male, age 64.1+9.2 yrs) with stage 2-4 DKD completing either 12-weeks of moderate-intensity walking exercise training, 4x/wk for 45 minutes (n=46) or a usual medical care control group (n=45) a blood sample was taken at baseline and at 12 weeks for Ang-II and AGEs. There were no differences between groups in baseline demographic, or medical variables.   Results:  At 12-wk follow-up, group comparisons were analyzed by ANCOVA using baseline as a covariate. Ang-II and AGEs were significantly reduced in the intervention group by -15.9 ±7.4 pg/mL (p=.026) and -0.07 ± 0.04 ng/mL (p=.029) respectively, with a mean difference between groups -21.7 ±9.5 pg/mL (p=.026) and -0.12 ±0.06 ng/mL (p=.029) respectively. There was a significant correlation between change in AGEs and change in PWV (r=0.22, p=0.05). Change in Ang-II was inversely correlated with change in FMD (-0.21, p=0.05), and aerobic capacity (r=-0.26, p=0.02). There was a non-significant trend for correlation between Ang-II and PWV (r=0.20, p=0.08). Levels of AGEs were correlated with F2-isoprostane (oxidative stress) levels (r=0.32, p=0.04).   Conclusion:  Exercise training reduces Ang-II and AGEs in patients with DKD, suggesting that the exercise-induced improvement observed in vascular endothelial function and arterial stiffness is partially mediated by a reduction in Ang-2 and AGEs in this population.
P2.05-010 Changes between Pre- and Post-Operative AICS (Lung) in NSCLC Patients: Predictability of High-Risk Cases with Recurrence
Authors: M. Higashiyama, T. Anayama, J. Okami, T. Tokunaga, H. Yamamoto, S. Kikuchi, A. Ikeda, K. Orihashi, F. Imamura
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Predictors of pneumonia in lower respiratory tract infections: 3C prospective cough complication cohort study
Authors: Michael Moore, Beth Stuart, Paul Little, Sue Smith, Matthew J. Thompson, Kyle Knox, Anne van den Bruel, Mark Lown, David Mant
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2017)

The aim was to aid diagnosis of pneumonia in those presenting with lower respiratory tract symptoms in routine primary care. A cohort of 28 883 adult patients with acute cough attributed to lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) was recruited from 5222 UK practices in 2009–13. Symptoms, signs and treatment were recorded at presentation and subsequent events followed-up for 30 days by chart review. The predictive value of patient characteristics, presenting symptoms and clinical findings for the diagnosis of pneumonia in the first 7 days was established. Of the 720 out of 28 883 (2.5.%) radiographed within 1 week of the index consultation, 115 (16.0%; 0.40% of 28 883) were assigned a definite or probable pneumonia diagnosis. The significant independent predictors of radiograph-confirmed pneumonia were temperature &gt;37.8°C (RR 2.6; 95% CI 1.5–4.8), crackles on auscultation (RR 1.8; 1.1–3.0), oxygen saturation &lt;95% (RR 1.7; 1.0–3.1) and pulse &gt;100·min –1 (RR 1.9; 1.1–3.2). Most patients with pneumonia (99/115, 86.1%) exhibited at least one of these four clinical signs; the positive predictive value of having at least one of these signs was 20.2% (95% CI 17.3–23.1). In routine practice, radiograph-confirmed pneumonia as a short-term complication of LRTI is very uncommon (one in 270). Pulse oximetry may aid the diagnosis of pneumonia in this setting.