tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Clinical implication of inflammation markers for identifying radiotherapy candidates in inoperable locally advanced pancreas cancer
Authors: W. Cho, J. Yu, H. Park, D. Lim, J. Park, S. Kim, Y. Park
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Introduction: Several nutrition and inflammation markers are identified to have association with survival in pancreas cancer. This study intended to figure out promising candidates for local radiotherapy among the patients with inoperable locally advanced pancreas cancer (LAPC) using the various inflammation markers. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 142 patients who are diagnosed as inoperable LAPC and initiated concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with curative intent in our institute from January 2000 to December 2012. The prognostic impact of the factors including prognostic nutritional index (PNI), sarcopenia, pretreatment level of CA 19-9, albumin, lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) on loco-regional recurrence free survival (LRRFS), distant metastasis free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS) were investigated using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: The median LRRFS, DFS, and OS of all patients were 9.2 (2.0∼117.5), 10.6 (0.8∼135.0), and 14.2 (2.1∼135.0) months, respectively. For the LRRFS, PNI < 45 (p = 0.014), NLR > 3 (p = 0.020), sarcopenia (p = 0.001), and no use of maintenance chemotherapy (p = 0.006) were unfavorable factors in multivariate analysis. Unfavorable factors for DMFS were sarcopenia (p = 0.006) and no use of maintenance chemotherapy (p = 0.040) and those for OS were PNI < 45 (p = 0.032), NLR > 3 (p = 0.014), sarcopenia (p < 0.001), no use of maintenance chemotherapy (p = 0.038), and radiation therapy (RT) dose less than 50 Gy (p = 0.032). When the patients were stratified by the number of following risk factors: PNI < 45, NLR > 3, and sarcopenia, the median OS of the patients having no risk factor (N = 82), one risk factor (N = 47), and two or more risk factors (N = 13) were 15.9 (2.6∼135.0), 13.2 (2.1∼30.2), and 6.3 (2.4∼21.6) months, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In patients with inoperable LAPC, those having two or more risk factors including NLR < 3, PNI < 45, and sarcopenia have dismal survival. The addition of local RT can be considered exclusively in patients having less than two risk factors.
EPID-01. COMPARATIVE SURVIVAL ANALYSIS OF PEDIATRIC CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS BETWEEN BOSTON AND EGYPT
Authors: Emily Auwarter, Derek Shyr, Clement Ma, Amal Abdel Aziz, Islam Maher, Alaa El Haddad, Ahmed Ibrahim, Mohamed El Beltagy, Karen Marcus, Mohamed Zaghloul, Peter Manley
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

Pediatric brain tumors affect many children worldwide, attributing to 25% of all diagnosed pediatric cancers annually. More than 85% of those newly diagnosed pediatric brain tumor cases occur in developing, low-middle income countries (LMICs). There is paucity in overall survival studies that examine 5-year survival of children in LMICs compared to children in HICs. A retrospective chart review was conducted of 299 patients diagnosed with medulloblastoma or ependymoma, and treated at either Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), Boston, MA or Children’s Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE), Cairo, Egypt. The study cohort data was extracted from medical records and cancer registries from both hospitals identifying 225 cases from CCHE and 74 cases from DFCI. Patients diagnosed between 2007 to 2012, were abstracted and the follow up period of patients for outcomes took place through 2016. We evaluated demographic and clinical factors of overall survival (OS) using log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier curves stratified by tumor type. Overall survival rates were compared between the two cohorts with a median follow up of six years. Five-year OS for DFCI was 80 ± 6% (medulloblastoma) and 95 ± 5% (ependymoma), and for CCHE was 66 ± 4% (medulloblastoma) and 64 ± 6% (ependymoma). Type of treatment received was associated with significantly improved OS among medulloblastoma patients. With current treatment protocols, there is still upwards of 20% mortality with medulloblastoma and ependymoma. In LMICs these numbers are even higher. These findings highlight the importance of collaboration between developed countries and LMICs to consolidate therapies to improve overall survival.
NSRG-20. LONG-TERM SUPRATENTORIAL WHITE MATTER CHANGES AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION FOLLOWING CEREBELLAR TUMOUR RESECTIONS IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: Christian Dorfer, Monika Chocholous, Thomas Pletschko, Gregor Kasprian, Christian Widmann, Irene Slavc, Thomas Czech
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

The cerebellum is connected to extensive regions of the cerebrum, and cognitive deficits following surgically treated cerebellar pilocytic astrocytomas (CPA) may thus be explained by distant cerebral white matter changes. Moreover, early cerebellar lesions could affect distal brain development, thereby influencing long term changes in brain structure and cognitive function. We characterized supratentorial white matter changes and cognitive functions in 13 adult patients (f:6; m:7) (median age at time of testing 22.0 years) operated on a CPA in childhood (median age at surgery 7.4 years) and 13 matched controls. Cerebral white matter changes were evaluated using voxelwise statistical analysis of the FA data, which was carried out using TBSS (Tract-Based Spatial Statistics). TBSS projects all subjects’ FA data onto a mean FA tract skeleton, before applying voxelwise cross-subject statistics. Neurocognitive functioning was tested regarding overall cognitive functioning, attentional performance, information processing speed, and cognitive flexibility. Neuropsychological results revealed significant group differences in overall IQ as denoted by the norm-corrected percentile (U= 176.00, z=3.162, p< .01, r= .587), with patients scoring at a mean of 48.6 +/- 29.14 versus controls at a mean of 85.25 +/- 15.45. Regarding white matter changes TBSS revealed significantly lower fractional anisotropy between subjects and controls within the corpus callosum and parts of the left frontal opercular white matter (FWE-corrected, p< .05). Our results show distant effects of cerebellar lesions on cerebral integrity, likely caused by a combination of neurodegenerative processes and perturbed neurodevelopment.
REVERCE: Randomized phase II study of regorafenib followed by cetuximab versus the reverse sequence for metastatic colorectal cancer patients previously treated with fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan: Quality of life analysis
Authors: T. Yoshino, T. Yamanaka, T. Denda, Y. Tsuji, K. Shinozaki, Y. Komatsu, Y. Kobayashi, J. Furuse, H. Okuda, M. Asayama, K. Akiyoshi, Y. Kagawa, T. Kato, E. Oki, T. Ando, Y. Hagiwara, Y. Ohashi, K. Shitara
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Introduction: REVERCE demonstrated longer overall survival (OS) with the therapeutic sequence of regorafenib (R) followed by cetuximab (C) ± irinotecan (R-C arm) compared with that of C ± irinotecan followed by R (C-R arm) for patients (pts) with pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC; median OS 17.4 vs. 11.6 months, HR 0.61; Shitara K, et al. GI Symposium 2018). Here we report quality of life (QOL) analysis. Methods: Pts with KRAS exon 2 wild-type mCRC after failure of fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan were randomized to receive sequential treatment with R as treatment 1, followed by C ± irinotecan as treatment 2 (R-C arm), or the reverse sequence (C ± irinotecan followed by R; C-R arm). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Key secondary endpoints included progression-free survival with initial treatment (PFS1), PFS with second treatment (PFS2), safety, and quality of life (QOL). Patients were assessed with the EQ-5D questionnaire at baseline, 4, and 8 weeks after the beginning of each treatment. Results: Between November 2013 and September 2016, 101 pts (51 in the R-C arm and 50 in the C-R arm) were randomized. Hypertension, hand-foot syndrome and elevated lipase were more frequent with R treatment than C treatment (>10%), whereas acneiform rash and hypomagnesemia was more frequent with C than R. The average EQ-5D index during sequential treatment were not significantly different between the two arms (p = 0.65), although R treatment was associated with a lower score than C in both treatments 1 and 2. Scores in mobility and pain/discomfort were lower during R than that of C at 4 weeks in both treatments 1 and 2. Self-care and usual activities were also lower for R treatment, in the C-R arm, at 4 weeks in treatment 2. Conclusion: The safety profiles of R and C in REVERCE study were consistent with those previously observed. QOL score was comparable in the two arms but lower during R treatment.
Genetic deficiency of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase promotes gut microbiota-mediated metabolic health
Authors: Ludivine Laurans, Nicolas Venteclef, Yacine Haddad, Mouna Chajadine, Fawaz Alzaid, Sarvenaz Metghalchi, Bruno Sovran, Raphael G. P. Denis, Julien Dairou, Marina Cardellini, Jose-Maria Moreno-Navarrete, Marjolene Straub, Sarah Jegou, Claire McQuitty, Thomas Viel, Bruno Esposito, Bertrand Tavitian, Jacques Callebert, Serge H. Luquet, Massimo Federici, José Manuel Fernandez-Real, Remy Burcelin, Jean-Marie Launay, Alain Tedgui, Ziad Mallat, Harry Sokol, Soraya Taleb
Journal: Nature Medicine (2018)
Do guided internet-based interventions result in clinically relevant changes for patients with depression? An individual participant data meta-analysis
Authors: Eirini Karyotaki, David Daniel Ebert, Liesje Donkin, Heleen Riper, Jos Twisk, Simone Burger, Alexander Rozental, Alfred Lange, Alishia D. Williams, Anna Carlotta Zarski, Anna Geraedts, Annemieke van Straten, Annet Kleiboer, Björn Meyer, Burçin B. Ünlü Ince, Claudia Buntrock, Dirk Lehr, Frank J. Snoek, Gavin Andrews, Gerhard Andersson, Isabella Choi, Jeroen Ruwaard, Jan Philipp Klein, Jill M. Newby, Johanna Schröder, Johannes A.C. Laferton, Kim Van Bastelaar, Kotaro Imamura, Kristofer Vernmark, Leif Boß, Lisa B. Sheeber, Marie Kivi, Matthias Berking, Nickolai Titov, Per Carlbring, Robert Johansson, Robin Kenter, Sarah Perini, Steffen Moritz, Stephanie Nobis, Thomas Berger, Viktor Kaldo, Yvonne Forsell, Nils Lindefors, Martin Kraepelien, Cecilia Björkelund, Norito Kawakami, Pim Cuijpers
Journal: Clinical Psychology Review (2018)
CRAN-04. OXYTOCIN IN CHILDHOOD-ONSET CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA - FIRST EXPERIENCES WITH NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF OXYTOCIN ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Anika Hoffmann, Jale Özyurt, Christiane Thiel, Hermann L Müller
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

Quality of survival after craniopharyngioma (CP) is frequently impaired by hypothalamic involvement (HI). Oxytocin (OXY) plays a major role in regulation of behavior and body composition. PATIENTS AND OXY saliva/urine concentrations were analyzed in 34 CP and 73 healthy controls. Emotion recognition was analyzed with regard to OXY concentrations before and after single nasal administration of 24IU OXY in 10 CP (HI: 4 grade I, anterior HI; 6 grade II, anterior and posterior HI). Neuropsychological assessments were performed using Geneva Multimodal Emotion Portrayals and Multidimensional Mood Questionnaire. CP with HI showed similar OXY levels compared to patients without HI and controls. However, patients with surgical hypothalamic lesions grade I presented with lower OXY levels (p=0.017) under fasting condition compared to patients with grade II lesion and patients without lesions. CP patients’ changes in OXY levels before and after breakfast correlated (p=0.02) with BMI. OXY administration was well tolerated and increased OXY saliva/urine concentrations. After OXY administration, only patients with lesions limited to anterior hypothalamus (grade I) showed improvements in emotional identifications. CP patients continue to secrete OXY when anterior hypothalamic areas are not involved, but OXY levels show less nutritional variation. OXY might have positive effects on emotion perception in CP with specific anterior hypothalamic lesions.
ATRT-17. ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF MALIGNANT RHABDOID TUMOURS
Authors: Karolina Nemes, Martin Hasselblatt, Susanne Bens, Anat Erdreich-Epstein, Jaclyn Biegel, Ziad Khatib, Olga Liaugaudiene, Alireza Sadeghipour, Georg Ebetsberger-Dachs, Andreas Lemmer, Claudia Khurana, Nicolas von der Weid, Irene Schmid, Jaume Mora, Carmen Hernandez Marques, Jane Pears, Beate Timmermann, Uwe Kodes, Joachim Gerss, Rhoikos Furtwängler, Reiner Siebert, Michael Christoph Frühwald
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

As the pathogenesis of rhabdoid tumors (RT) relies on epigenetic disturbances a potential link to assisted reproductive technologies (ART) deserves further analyses. We analyzed patients conceived by ART (egg donation, ICSI, ivF) from EU-RHAB (n=8), the US (n=2), Iran (n=1), Lithuania (n=1) and Spain (n=1). Genetic and clinical evaluation included SMARCB1 and/or SMARCA4 (FISH, MLPA, sequencing) mutation analysis and immunohistochemistry. Seven patients presented with AT/RT, four with extracranial RT and two demonstrated synchronous-, multifocal tumors. Metastases were present in 5 patients. Germline mutations (GLM) in SMARCB1 were detected in 4/9 (c.1110delG, c.141C>A, c.751delG, in one GLM not specified). Somatic mutations were analyzed in 8 children. The majority (69%) exhibited single nucleotide variants (c.1110delG, c.1148delC, c.197C>A, c.472C>T, c.141C>A, c.751delG), while partial/whole gene deletions (delTBX1_NIPSNAP1, delGNAZ_SMARCB1, delGNAZ_SEZ6L, delSMARCB1) were observed in 31%. A total resection (GTR) was achieved in 6/13. A total of 4 patients each received radiotherapy or HDCT. A CR was accomplished in 8 patients, three of them are alive 76, 72 and 10 months from diagnosis. Children born following ART appear to be at risk for the development of RT. Our data warrant evaluation whether this risk is increased when compared to the occurrence of RT in the general population and what the epi-, genetic mechanisms for this phenomenon might be. Supported by grants to MCF by the “Deutsche Kinderkrebsstiftung” DKKS 2010.03 and the parents organization Lichtblicke, Augsburg.
Benefit of the addition of oxaliplatin to 5-FU/leucovorin or capecitabine in adjuvant therapy for stage II/III colorectal cancer in elderly patients: Experience in Ramon y Cajal University Hospital.
Authors: E. Corral de la Fuente, C. Saavedra Serrano, M. Villamayor Delgado, A. Barquín García, R. Martín Huertas, J. Serrano Domingo, O. Martínez Saez, V. Pachón Olmos, M. Rodriguez Garrote, F. Longo Muñoz, P. Reguera Puertas, C. Guillén-Ponce, A. Carrato, R. Ferreiro Monteagudo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Introduction: Oxaliplatin-based combination chemotherapy is considered standard of care for patients with stage III colorectal cancer disease. However, the benefit of the addition of oxaliplatin to adjuvant chemotherapy in elderly patients (aged 70 years or older) is not well established, because elderly patients are underrepresented in clinical trials. A post hoc analysis of outcomes in the MOSAIC trial, reported in Journal of Clinical Oncology by Tournigand et al. as well as, a recent report from the ACCENT database, suggested that there was no benefit in overall or disease-free survival with the addition of oxaliplatin to 5-FU/leucovorin in patients aged 70 years or older, compared to the use of single agent fluoropyrimidines. Methods: We retrospectively included patients with stage II and III colorectal cancer that underwent surgical treatment between 2009 and 2014 in the Ramon y Cajal University Hospital. We performed a multivariate Cox model analysis to estimate the benefit of chemotherapy stratifying patients older than 70 years old by chemotherapy regimen received (with or without oxaliplatin). The model was further adjusted by including the following confounders: ECOG-PS, number of removed nodes, perforation, obstruction, grade, localization and age. A covariate was considered a confounder factor if the difference between the adjusted and unadjusted coefficient of chemotherapy varied>10%. Stata 13.1 was used to analyze the data. Results: 551 patients were identified (a total of 385 were aged 70 or older and 166 were younger than 70 years). Overall, 259 received chemotherapy and 292 did not. 281 were stage II (51%) of which 220 were aged 70 or older and 270 were stage III (49%) of which 165, were aged 70 or older. Among the younger patients, 11 received single agent fluoropyrimidines (5-FU/leucovorin or capecitabine) and 115 oxaliplatin-based combination chemotherapy. Among the patients aged 70 years or older, 53 received single agent fluoropyrimidines and 78 the combination with oxaliplatin. The median follow-up in the entire cohort was 49 months. For elderly patients, oxaliplatin based chemotherapy did improve OS (hazard ratio (HR) 0.277, p = 0.001, 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.59) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR 0.14, p = 0.013, 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.66). Conclusion: The results from this multivariate analysis show that for elderly patients, the addition of oxaliplatin in the adjuvant treatment of stage II/III in elderly patients could be beneficial in terms of disease-free survival and overall survival.
Being versus appearing socially uninterested: Challenging assumptions about social motivation in autism
Authors: Vikram K. Jaswal, Nameera Akhtar
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2018)

Abstract Progress in psychological science can be limited by a number of factors, not least of which are the starting assumptions of scientists themselves. We believe that some influential accounts of autism rest on a questionable assumption that many of its behavioral characteristics indicate a lack of social interest – an assumption that is flatly contradicted by the testimony of many autistic people themselves. In this article, we challenge this assumption by describing alternative explanations for four such behaviors: (a) low levels of eye contact, (b) infrequent pointing, (c) motor stereotypies, and (d) echolalia. The assumption that autistic people's unusual behaviors indicate diminished social motivation has had profound and often negative effects on the ways they are studied and treated. We argue that understanding and supporting autistic individuals will require interrogating this assumption, taking autistic testimony seriously, considering alternative explanations for unusual behaviors, and investigating unconventional – even idiosyncratic – ways in which autistic individuals may express their social interest. These steps are crucial, we believe, for creating a more accurate, humane, and useful science of autism.
QOL-32. ENABLING ACCESS TO SUPPORT; WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM THOSE THAT DO AND DO NOT ATTEND PARENT SUPPORT GROUPS?
Authors: Sophie Thomas, Emily Bennett, Emily Talbot, Abigail Lee, Shirley Thomas
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

Parents in Mind is a six-session evening support and information group designed for parents of childhood brain tumour survivors at Nottingham Children’s Hospital UK. Further to successful evaluation it is soon to be rolled out to other regional UK centres and translated to other patient groups. We will present aspects of our evaluation of Parents in Mind conducted via questionnaires and qualitative interviews. We will focus on findings that inform reflections on how we can improve access for families in need of support. In particular we will present the factors participants report as helpful or unhelpful in enabling their attendance. We will combine these with obstacles to attendance as identified via feedback from those families who did not or were unable to attend to identify the most important factors likely to enable and predict attendance. It is often observed that those who do not attend are the most vulnerable families who are particularly in need of support, and thus we intend to promote discussion on how future support services can be designed to maximise attendance and inclusion of vulnerable families.
G8 screening tool for treatment decision-making in elderly colorectal cancer patients
Authors: J. Marín, G. Soler, M. Martínez-Villacampa, S. Vázquez, C. Santos Vivas, N. Mulet Margalef, A. Teule, R. Salazar
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. It is mostly diagnosed in elderly people, with a median age at diagnosis of 70 years. The aim of our study is to explore whether G8 questionnaire may be helpful to decide the best treatment for older colorectal cancer patients. Methods: From October 2015 to June 2017, we prospectively screened 137 ≥75-years-old patients diagnosed with CRC who were referred for chemotherapy. In our center, these patients underwent oncogeriatric screening for a comprehensive geriatric assessment. Screening is positive in ≥ 85-years-old patients or 75-85-years-old patients with 2 of the following criteria: G8 scale,14, Pfeiffer test >2, Barthel index <90 and positive TIRS social risk scale. In addition, age, comorbidity and ECOG performance status were taken into account for final treatment decision. We hypothesize G8 vulnerability score correlates with toxicity and may help guiding treatment decisions. Results: The median age of screened patients was 80.44 years (75.1-88.9). The most frequent diagnosis was colon cancer (71.8%) followed by rectal cancer (28.2%). 47.4% of patients had metastatic disease. G8 detected vulnerability (<14 score) in 62% of patients. Chemotherapy was more frequently dismissed in these fragile patients (45.9% of G8<14 patients vs 28.6 of G8≥14 patients). Overall, 67 patients received chemotherapy (capecitabine 70.1%, FOLFOX 19.4%, FOLFIRI 1.5%, clinical trial treatment 9%). Interestingly, for those patients who initiated treatment at full-dose intensity, a dose reduction was needed afterwards in 76% of G8<14 patients vs 28.6% of G8≥14 patients (p = 0.032). Tolerance of chemotherapy also significantly differed, with any grade 3/4 toxicity seen in 50% vs 20% of patients respectively (p = 0.041), and a higher risk ratio of presenting such toxicity for G8<14 patients (Risk ratio 4, 95% CI 0.995-16.074). Definitive interruption of treatment due to toxicity was needed in 15.2% vs 6.7% of patients respectively (p = 0.43). There were no toxic deaths. Conclusion: G8<14 score correlates with a greater probability of presenting relevant toxicity. In addition, G8 questionnaire identifies a group of patients who more likely need dose-reduction during treatment. For this reason, G8 appears to be a helpful screening tool for treatment decision-making in elderly colorectal cancer patients.