tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 17760: Short- and Long-Term Association of Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation With Left Atrial Volume and Function: A Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Study
Authors: Mohammadali Habibi, Esra Gucuk Ipek, Joao A Lima, Stefan L Zimmerman, John Rickard, Hiroshi Ashikaga, David Spragg, Joseph E Marine, Ronald Berger, Hugh Calkins, Saman Nazarian
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Catheter ablation is widely used to improve rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the short- and long-term changes in left atrial (LA) volume and function...
Individual differences in normal body temperature: longitudinal big data analysis of patient records
Authors: Ziad Obermeyer, Jasmeet K Samra, Sendhil Mullainathan
Journal: BMJ (2017)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Objective</h3> To estimate individual level body temperature and to correlate it with other measures of physiology and health. <h3>Design</h3> Observational cohort study. <h3>Setting</h3> Outpatient clinics of a large academic hospital, 2009-14. <h3>Participants</h3> 35 488 patients who neither received a diagnosis for infections nor were prescribed antibiotics, in whom temperature was expected to be within normal limits. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> Baseline temperatures at individual level, estimated using random effects regression and controlling for ambient conditions at the time of measurement, body site, and time factors. Baseline temperatures were correlated with demographics, medical comorbidities, vital signs, and subsequent one year mortality. <h3>Results</h3> In a diverse cohort of 35 488 patients (mean age 52.9 years, 64% women, 41% non-white race) with 243 506 temperature measurements, mean temperature was 36.6°C (95% range 35.7-37.3°C, 99% range 35.3-37.7°C). Several demographic factors were linked to individual level temperature, with older people the coolest (–0.021°C for every decade, P&lt;0.001) and African-American women the hottest (versus white men: 0.052°C, P&lt;0.001). Several comorbidities were linked to lower temperature (eg, hypothyroidism: –0.013°C, P=0.01) or higher temperature (eg, cancer: 0.020, P&lt;0.001), as were physiological measurements (eg, body mass index: 0.002 per m/kg<sup>2</sup>, P&lt;0.001). Overall, measured factors collectively explained only 8.2% of individual temperature variation. Despite this, unexplained temperature variation was a significant predictor of subsequent mortality: controlling for all measured factors, an increase of 0.149°C (1 SD of individual temperature in the data) was linked to 8.4% higher one year mortality (P=0.014). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Individuals’ baseline temperatures showed meaningful variation that was not due solely to measurement error or environmental factors. Baseline temperatures correlated with demographics, comorbid conditions, and physiology, but these factors explained only a small part of individual temperature variation. Unexplained variation in baseline temperature, however, strongly predicted mortality.
Decellularized human placenta supports hepatic tissue and allows rescue in acute liver failure
Authors: Zurab Kakabadze, Ann Kakabadze, David Chakhunashvili, Lia Karalashvili, Ekaterine Berishvili, Yogeshwar Sharma, Sanjeev Gupta
Journal: Hepatology (2017)

Tissue engineering with scaffolds to form transplantable organs is of wide interest. Decellularized tissues have been tested for this purpose, although supplies of healthy donor tissues, vascular recellularization for perfusion, and tissue homeostasis in engineered organs pose challenges. We hypothesized that decellularized human placenta will be suitable for tissue engineering. The universal availability and unique structures of placenta for accommodating tissue, including presence of embedded vessels, were major attractions. We found decellularized placental vessels were reendothelialized by adjacent native cells and bridged vessel defects in rats. In addition, implantation of liver fragments containing all cell types successfully hepatized placenta with maintenance of albumin and urea synthesis, as well as hepatobiliary transport of 99m Tc‐mebrofenin, up to 3 days in vitro. After hepatized placenta containing autologous liver was transplanted into sheep, tissue units were well‐perfused and self‐assembled. Histological examination indicated transplanted tissue retained hepatic cord structures with characteristic hepatic organelles, such as gap junctions, and hepatic sinusoids lined by endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, and other cell types. Hepatocytes in this neo‐organ expressed albumin and contained glycogen. Moreover, transplantation of hepatized placenta containing autologous tissue rescued sheep in extended partial hepatectomy‐induced acute liver failure. This rescue concerned amelioration of injury and induction of regeneration in native liver. The grafted hepatized placenta was intact with healthy tissue that neither proliferated nor was otherwise altered. Conclusion: The unique anatomic structure and matrix of human placenta were effective for hepatic tissue engineering. This will advance applications ranging from biological studies, drug development, and toxicology to patient therapies. (H epatology 2018;67:1956‐1969).
Controlling Protein Adsorption through Nanostructured Polymeric Surfaces
Authors: Izabela Firkowska‐Boden, Xiaoyuan Zhang, Klaus D. Jandt
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2017)

The initial host response to healthcare materials' surfaces after implantation is the adsorption of proteins from blood and interstitial fluids. This adsorbed protein layer modulates the biological/cellular responses to healthcare materials. This stresses the significance of the surface protein assembly for the biocompatibility and functionality of biomaterials and necessitates a profound fundamental understanding of the capability to control protein-surface interactions. This review, therefore, addresses this by systematically analyzing and discussing strategies to control protein adsorption on polymeric healthcare materials through the introduction of specific surface nanostructures. Relevant proteins, healthcare materials' surface properties, clinical applications of polymer healthcare materials, fabrication methods for nanostructured polymer surfaces, amorphous, semicrystalline and block copolymers are considered with a special emphasis on the topographical control of protein adsorption. The review shows that nanostructured polymer surfaces are powerful tools to control the amount, orientation, and order of adsorbed protein layers. It also shows that the understanding of the biological responses to such ordered protein adsorption is still in its infancy, yet it has immense potential for future healthcare materials. The review, which is-as far as it is known-the first one discussing protein adsorption on nanostructured polymer surfaces, concludes with highlighting important current research questions.
Amyloid-β plaques enhance Alzheimer's brain tau-seeded pathologies by facilitating neuritic plaque tau aggregation
Authors: Zhuohao He, Jing L Guo, Jennifer D McBride, Sneha Narasimhan, Hyesung Kim, Lakshmi Changolkar, Bin Zhang, Ronald J Gathagan, Cuiyong Yue, Christopher Dengler, Anna Stieber, Magdalena Nitla, Douglas A Coulter, Ted Abel, Kurt R Brunden, John Q Trojanowski, Virginia M-Y Lee
Journal: Nature Medicine (2017)
Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases: Changing Practice Patterns and Disparities in the United States
Authors: Benjamin H. Kann, Henry S. Park, Skyler B. Johnson, Veronica L. Chiang, James B. Yu
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2017)

Background: Management of brain metastases typically includes radiotherapy (RT) with conventional fractionation and/or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). However, optimal indications and practice patterns for SRS remain unclear. We sought to evaluate national practice patterns for patients with metastatic disease receiving brain RT. Methods: We queried the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) for patients diagnosed with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, or melanoma from 2004 to 2014 who received upfront brain RT. Patients were divided into SRS and non-SRS cohorts. Patient and facility-level SRS predictors were analyzed with chi-square tests and logistic regression, and uptake trends were approximated with linear regression. Survival by diagnosis year was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Of 75,953 patients, 12,250 (16.1%) received SRS and 63,703 (83.9%) received non-SRS. From 2004 to 2014, the proportion of patients receiving SRS annually increased (from 9.8% to 25.6%; P<.001), and the proportion of facilities using SRS annually increased (from 31.2% to 50.4%; P<.001). On multivariable analysis, nonwhite race, nonprivate insurance, and residence in lower-income or less-educated regions predicted lower SRS use (P<.05 for each). During the study period, SRS use increased disproportionally among patients with private insurance or who resided in higher-income or higher-educated regions. From 2004 to 2013, 1-year actuarial survival improved from 24.1% to 49.6% for patients selected for SRS and from 21.0% to 26.3% for non-SRS patients (P<.001). Conclusions: This NCDB analysis demonstrates steadily increasing-although modest overall-brain SRS use for patients with metastatic disease in the United States and identifies several progressively widening sociodemographic disparities in the adoption of SRS. Further research is needed to determine the reasons for these worsening disparities and their clinical implications on intracranial control, neurocognitive toxicities, quality of life, and survival for patients with brain metastases.
Preoperative Low Muscle Mass and Low Muscle Quality Negatively Impact on Pulmonary Function in Patients Undergoing Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Hisaya Shirai, Toshimi Kaido, Yuhei Hamaguchi, Atsushi Kobayashi, Shinya Okumura, Siyuan Yao, Shintaro Yagi, Naoko Kamo, Kojiro Taura, Hideaki Okajima, Shinji Uemoto
Journal: Liver Cancer (2017)

Sarcopenia is a prognostic factor for mortality in digestive surgery. However, the correlation between preoperative cardiopulmonary function and sarcopenia in patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear.The present study investigated the impact of preoperative sarcopenia on cardiopulmonary function in 402 patients who underwent first hepatectomy for HCC between April 2005 and April 2015. The quantity and quality of skeletal muscle were evaluated using psoas muscle index (PMI) and intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC), respectively, as determined from preoperative computed tomography imaging. Correlations between preoperative cardiopulmonary function and sarcopenic factors (PMI and IMAC) were evaluated.No significant correlations were found between left ventricular ejection fraction and the two sarcopenic factors. On the other hand, preoperative vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) correlated significantly with PMI (p < 0.001 each) in males and with IMAC (p < 0.001 each) in females. Moreover, VC and FEV1 in the preoperative low PMI (p < 0.001 each) and high IMAC (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively) groups were significantly lower than in the normal group in males. In females, VC and FEV1 were significantly lower in the preoperative high IMAC group than in the normal group (p < 0.001 each).Preoperative low muscle mass in males and low muscle quality in males and females were significantly associated with pulmonary dysfunction.
Beneficial effects of Houttuynia cordata polysaccharides on “two-hit” acute lung injury and endotoxic fever in rats associated with anti-complementary activities
Authors: Yan Lu, Yun Jiang, Lijun Ling, Yunyi Zhang, Hong Li, Daofeng Chen
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2017)

Houttuynia cordata Thunb. is a traditional herb used for clearing heat and eliminating toxins, and has also been used for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). In vitro, the crude H. cordata polysaccharides (CHCP) exhibited potent anti-complementary activity through both the classical and alternative pathways by acting on components C3 and C4 of the complement system without interfering with the coagulation system. This study was to investigate the preventive effects of CHCP on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by hemorrhagic shock plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation (two-hit) and LPS-induced fever in rats. CHCP significantly attenuated pulmonary injury in the "two-hit" ALI model by reducing pulmonary edema and protein exudation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In addition, it reduced the deposit of complement activation products in the lung and improved oxidant-antioxidant imbalance. Moreover, CHCP administration inhibited fever in rats, reduced the number of leukocytes and restored serum complement levels. The inhibition on the inappropriate activation of complement system by CHCP may play an important role in its beneficial effects on inflammatory diseases. The anti-complementary polysaccharides are likely to be among the key substances for the heat-clearing function of H. cordata.
Abstract 17768: Effect of Time Interval From Return of Spontaneous Circulation to the Target Temperature Management on Good Neurological Outcomes in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Nationwide Observational Study
Authors: Yoonjic Kim, Sang Do Shin, Young Sun Ro, Kyoung Jun Song, Ki Ok Ahn, Eui Jung Lee, Kyung Won Lee, Joo Jung, Ki Jeong Hong, Yu Jin Kim
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Objectives: The target temperature management (TTM) has been known to be associated with better neurological recovery in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). However, it is controversial whether ...
Proapoptotic PUMA targets stem-like breast cancer cells to suppress metastasis
Authors: Qi Sun, Jacqueline Lesperance, Hiromi Wettersten, Elaine Luterstein, Yoko S. DeRose, Alana Welm, David A. Cheresh, Jay S. Desgrosellier
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2017)

Breast cancer cells with stem cell properties are key contributors to metastatic disease, and there remains a need to better understand and target these cells in human cancers. Here, we identified rare stem-like cells in patients' tumors characterized by low levels of the proapoptotic molecule p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) and showed that these cells play a critical role in tumor progression that is independent of clinical subtype. A signaling axis consisting of the integrin αvβ3, Src kinase, and the transcription factor Slug suppresses PUMA in these cells, promoting tumor stemness. We showed that genetic or pharmacological disruption of αvβ3/Src signaling drives PUMA expression, specifically depleting these stem-like tumor cells; increases their sensitivity to apoptosis; and reduces pulmonary metastasis, with no effect on primary tumor growth. Taken together, these findings point to PUMA as a key vulnerability of stem-like cells and suggest that pharmacological upregulation of PUMA via Src inhibition may represent a strategy to selectively target these cells in a wide spectrum of aggressive breast cancers.
Abstract 14637: Patients With Atypical Presenting Complaints of Acute Coronary Syndrome Receive Less 12-Lead Prehospital Electrocardiography in North Carolina
Authors: Jessica K Zegre-Hemsey, Antonio R Fernandez, Karen G Roos, Josephine Asafu-Adjei, Jane H Brice
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction:  Variation in use of prehospital electrocardiography (PH ECG) has been reported (between 20-80%) for patients with chest pain, but little is known about PH ECG use in patients transported by ambulance with atypical presenting complaints of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The aims of this study were to 1) quantify the presence of atypical presenting complaints, and 2) determine PH ECG use and predictors of use among ACS patients transported by ambulance to the emergency department.   Hypothesis:  We hypothesized that differences in PH ECG use would be identified among patients with typical and atypical presenting complaints.   Method:  Linked prehospital and emergency department patient care data were obtained from the North Carolina Prehospital Medical Information System and the North Carolina Disease Event Tracking and Epidemiologic Collection Tool (2010-2014). Patients >21 years old, who activated 911 with chest pain and/or anginal equivalent symptoms were included. Analysis included the calculation of descriptive statistics, adjusted odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI).   Results:  A total of 1,970,215 patients (mean age 56.92±22.17, 43.2% male, 63.6% White) with presenting complaints were included. Among these, 402,783 (20.4%) had atypical presenting complaints. Of patients with an atypical presenting complaint, 78,802 (19.6%) received PH ECG compared to 129,348 (68.2%) of patients with a typical presenting complaint (p   Conclusion:  Patients with atypical presenting complaints receive less PH ECG compared to those with typical chest pain presentations; therefore, they may miss the opportunity for early triage and risk stratification with ECG in the field. Emergency care providers and patients should receive ongoing education of the differing symptom presentations in ACS in an effort to reduce delay and time to treatment.
Finding a road to recovery
Authors: Rebecca Coombes
Journal: BMJ (2017)

This week The BMJ publishes a trio of education articles and an infographic that deal with the diagnosis and management of eating disorders in young people (doi:10.1136/bmj.j5245; doi:10.1136/bmj.j5328; doi:10.1136/bmj.j5378; http://bit.ly/2jqgBO8).

As Helen Bould and colleagues report (doi:10.1136/bmj.j5245), the UK’s annual incidence of eating disorders diagnosed in primary care among people aged 10-49 rose from 32.3 per 1000 in 2000 to 37.2 in 2009. Eating disorders are now fairly common among adolescent …
Association between rainfall and diagnoses of joint or back pain: retrospective claims analysis
Authors: Anupam B Jena, Andrew R Olenski, David Molitor, Nolan Miller
Journal: BMJ (2017)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <h3>Objective</h3> To study the relation between rainfall and outpatient visits for joint or back pain in a large patient population. <h3>Design</h3> Observational study. <h3>Setting</h3> US Medicare insurance claims data linked to rainfall data from US weather stations. <h3>Participants</h3> 1 552 842 adults aged ≥65 years attending a total of 11 673 392 outpatient visits with a general internist during 2008-12. <h3>Main outcome measures</h3> The proportion of outpatient visits for joint or back pain related conditions (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, spondylosis, intervertebral disc disorders, and other non-traumatic joint disorders) was compared between rainy days and non-rainy days, adjusting for patient characteristics, chronic conditions, and geographic fixed effects (thereby comparing rates of joint or back pain related outpatient visits on rainy days versus non-rainy days within the same area). <h3>Results</h3> Of the 11 673 392 outpatient visits by Medicare beneficiaries, 2 095 761 (18.0%) occurred on rainy days. In unadjusted and adjusted analyses, the difference in the proportion of patients with joint or back pain between rainy days and non-rainy days was significant (unadjusted, 6.23% <i>v</i> 6.42% of visits, P&lt;0.001; adjusted, 6.35% <i>v</i> 6.39%, P=0.05), but the difference was in the opposite anticipated direction and was so small that it is unlikely to be clinically meaningful. No statistically significant relation was found between the proportion of claims for joint or back pain and the number of rainy days in the week of the outpatient visit. No relation was found among a subgroup of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. <h3>Conclusion</h3> In a large analysis of older Americans insured by Medicare, no relation was found between rainfall and outpatient visits for joint or back pain. A relation may still exist, and therefore larger, more detailed data on disease severity and pain would be useful to support the validity of this commonly held belief.
Predictors of early mortality and validation of novel prognostic models in Asian patients on phase I trials (PIT): A single-center experience.
Authors: Aziah Ahmad, Whee Sze Ong, Wan-Teck Lim, Wai Meng David Tai, Cindy Lim, Eng-Huat Tan, Su Pin Choo, Daniel Shao-Weng Tan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

6618 Background: Despite the growing number of clinical trials conducted in Asia and the unique pt demographic and molecular profile of endemic cancers, there is still lacking of studies examining the outcomes of pts on PIT. We examined the characteristics and outcomes of pts enrolled in phase I trials in National Cancer Center Singapore (NCCS). Methods: We reviewed 296 pts enrolled in PIT from 2004-2012 to identify factors that predicted for 90-day mortality and OS. Logistic regression model and Cox proportional hazard model assessed factors associated with 90DM and OS, respectively. The discriminative ability of the RMH prognostic score (LDH, no of met sites, albumin) and the final multivariate Cox model derived in Asian pts was evaluated using Harrell’s concordance index (c-index), and that for the logistic model was based on area under ROC curve (AUC). Internal validation was performed based on simulated data via bootstrapping. Results: Median age 60 (23-85), M:F (65/35%). The commonest cancer type thoracic (56%), GI (24%), head and neck (12%). 57% pt had comorbidities, commonest diabetes (16.6%) and hepatitis B (11.1%). Median no of lines of treatment 2. 20% of pts had known mut status. 15% pts survived less than 90 days from start of trial. Median OS was 9.6 m (95CI 7.8-11.2 m). Based on the RMH prognostic model, pts with score of 0 to 1 had a superior OS (median OS = 12.9 m) compared to those with score of 2 to 3 (OS = 5.7 m) (p &lt; 0.001). The c-index for the RMH prognostic score was 0.64. On univariate analysis, alb&lt;35,LDH&gt;ULN, ≥3 met sites, low BMI, ECOG&gt;0, Na&lt;135,plt&gt;440, Hb&lt;12 and ≥3 lines of chemo were negative prognostic factors. On multivariate analysis, reduced model selection techniques identified alb&lt;35, LDH&gt;ULN, ≥3 met sites, and ≥ 3 prior lines of chemo as independent negative predictors of OS with a bias-corrected of 0.69. For 90DM, we developed a risk normogram based on ECOG, WBC, Na and Hb as continuous predictors with bias-corrected AUC 0.78. Conclusions: We have developed a novel NCCS normogram to predict for 90DM for PIT. The RMH prognostic score can be improved upon with the addition of number of prior lines of chemotherapy, underscoring the importance of early access to phase I trials.
Still Life With Flowers
Authors: M. Therese Southgate
Journal: JAMA (1980)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal