Association of Sickle Cell Trait With Ischemic Stroke Among African Americans
Authors: Hyacinth I. Hyacinth, Cara L. Carty, Samantha R. Seals, Marguerite R. Irvin, Rakhi P. Naik, Gregory L. Burke, Neil A. Zakai, James G. Wilson, Nora Franceschini, Cheryl A. Winkler, Victor A. David, Jeffrey B. Kopp, Suzanne E. Judd, Robert J. Adams, W. T. Longstreth, Leonard Egede, Daniel T. Lackland, Herman Taylor, JoAnn E. Manson, Virginia Howard, Matthew Allison, Beatrice E. Gee, Adolfo Correa, Monika M. Safford, Donna K. Arnett, George Howard, Alexander P. Reiner, Mary Cushman
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2018)

African Americans and individuals of African ancestry have a higher risk of stroke compared with non-Hispanic white individuals. Identifying the source of this disparity could provide an opportunity for clinical stroke risk stratification and more targeted therapy. Whether sickle cell trait (SCT) is an indicator of increased risk of ischemic stroke among African Americans is still unclear.To examine whether SCT is associated with a higher risk of incident ischemic stroke among African Americans.This meta-analysis assessed the association of SCT with the risk of incident ischemic stroke. Four large, prospective, population-based studies with African American cohorts were assessed: Jackson Heart Study (September 1, 2005, through December 31, 2012), Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (July 1, 2002, through December 31, 2012), Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2014), and Women's Health Initiative (October 1, 1998, through December 31, 2012). Using a Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusted for major stroke risk factors, this study estimated the hazard ratio for incident ischemic stroke associated with SCT. Data analysis was performed from July 10, 2016, to February 2, 2017.Participants' SCT status determined by polymerase chain reaction assay genotyping or a combination of whole-exome sequencing and imputation.Incident ischemic stroke.This meta-analysis included 19 464 African American individuals (1520 with SCT, 17 944 without SCT, and 620 with ischemic stroke) from 4 studies, with a mean (SD) age of 60.0 (13.0) years (5257 [27.0%] men and 14 207 [73.0%] women). No differences were found in the distribution of risk factors for ischemic stroke comparing participants with and those without SCT at study visit 1 in each cohort. The crude incidence of ischemic stroke was 2.9 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 2.2-4.0 per 1000 person-years) among those with SCT and 3.2 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 2.7-3.8 per 1000 person-years) among those without SCT. After stroke risk factors were adjusted for, the hazard ratio of incident ischemic stroke independently associated with SCT in the meta-analysis of all 4 cohorts was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.47-1.35; P = .82). The results of the meta-analysis were similar to those of individual cohorts, in which the results were also similar.Sickle cell trait may not be associated with incidence of ischemic stroke among African Americans. The results of this study suggest performing a more thorough clinical evaluation of a stroke patient with SCT rather than assuming that SCT is the etiologic factor for the stroke.