tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Depression Among Fathers at the Pediatric Well-Child Care Visit
Authors: Erika R. Cheng, Stephen M. Downs, Aaron E. Carroll
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2018)

enrollment than states running federally facilitated marketplaces. 2 Limitations of our research include the potential for measurement error in simulated eligibility for Medicaid/ CHIP, misreported insurance coverage in ACS, and inability to identify unmeasured factors that occurred contemporaneously with implementation of ACA policies studied.Our results suggest that streamlining Medicaid/CHIP enrollment may have played a substantial role in increased take-up of public coverage.Increases were larger in states where Medicaid/CHIP enrollment occurred within the marketplace, regardless of whether the marketplace was state-based or federally facilitated.Furthermore, once we account for marketplace enrollment authority, there were no longer differences between state-based marketplaces and federally facilitated marketplaces with enrollment authority.The findings of this study highlight program coordination as a potential tool for child health policy, by reaching the eligible uninsured and increasing joint parent-child Medicaid coverage. 5,6
Krebs-cycle-deficient hereditary cancer syndromes are defined by defects in homologous-recombination DNA repair
Authors: Parker L. Sulkowski, Ranjini K. Sundaram, Sebastian Oeck, Christopher D. Corso, Yanfeng Liu, Seth Noorbakhsh, Monica Niger, Marta Boeke, Daiki Ueno, Aravind Nambiar Kalathil, Xun Bao, Jing Li, Brian Shuch, Ranjit S. Bindra, Peter M. Glazer
Journal: Nature Genetics (2018)
Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Takashi Tagami, Samir G. Sakka, Xavier Monnet
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Alterations of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Proteins in Failing Human Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: MarkusMeyer, WolfgangSchillinger, BurkertPieske, ChristianHolubarsch, ClausHeilmann, HerbertPosival, GoroKuwajima, KatsuhikoMikoshiba, HanjörgJust, GerdHasenfuss
Journal: Circulation (1995)

Background Previous studies provide considerable evidence that excitation-contraction coupling may be disturbed at the level of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in the failing human heart. Disturbed SR function may result from altered expression of calcium-handling proteins. Methods and Results Levels of SR proteins involved in calcium release (ryanodine receptor), calcium binding (calsequestrin, calreticulin), and calcium uptake (calcium ATPase, phospholamban) were measured by Western blot analysis in nonfailing human myocardium (n=7) and in end-stage failing myocardium due to dilated cardiomyopathy (n=14). The levels of the ryanodine receptor, calsequestrin, and calreticulin were not significantly different in nonfailing and failing human myocardium. Phospholamban protein levels (pentameric form) normalized per total protein were decreased by 18% in the failing myocardium (P<.05). However, phospholamban protein levels were not significantly different in failing and nonfailing myocardium when normalizatio...
Sixty seconds on . . . probiotics
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Companies marketing foods containing probiotics refer to them as having “friendly” bacteria. But just how friendly they are has been questioned in new research showing that randomised trials of probiotics often fail to report adverse effects.1 More than a third of the 384 trials studied gave no information on harms, and only 2% adequately reported adverse events.

The past few …
Polygenic analysis of inflammatory disease variants and effects on microglia in the aging brain
Authors: Daniel Felsky, Ellis Patrick, Julie A. Schneider, Sara Mostafavi, Chris Gaiteri, Nikolaos Patsopoulos, David A. Bennett, Philip L. De Jager
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2018)

The role of the innate immune system in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and neurodegenerative disease susceptibility has recently been highlighted in genetic studies. However, we do not know whether risk for inflammatory disease predisposes unaffected individuals to late-life cognitive deficits or AD-related neuropathology. We investigated whether genetic risk scores for seven immune diseases and central nervous system traits were related to cognitive decline (nmax = 1601), classical AD neuropathology (nmax = 985), or microglial density (nmax = 184).Longitudinal cognitive decline, postmortem amyloid and tau neuropathology, microglial density, and gene module expression from bulk brain tissue were all measured in participants from two large cohorts (the Rush Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project; ROS/MAP) of elderly subjects (mean age at entry 78 +/- 8.7 years). We analyzed data primarily using robust regression methods. Neuropathologists were blind to clinical data.The AD genetic risk scores, including and excluding APOE effects, were strongly associated with cognitive decline in all domains (min Puncor = 3.2 × 10- 29). Multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia risk did not influence cognitive decline in older age, but the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk score alone was significantly associated with microglial density after correction (t146 = - 3.88, Puncor = 1.6 × 10- 4). Post-hoc tests found significant effects of the RA genetic risk score in multiple regions and stages of microglial activation (min Puncor = 1.5 × 10- 6). However, these associations were driven by only one or two variants, rather than cumulative polygenicity. Further, individual MS (Pone-sided < 8.4 × 10- 4) and RA (Pone-sided = 3 × 10- 4) variants associated with higher microglial density were also associated with increased expression of brain immune gene modules.Our results demonstrate that global risk of inflammatory disease does not strongly influence aging-related cognitive decline but that susceptibility variants that influence peripheral immune function also alter microglial density and immune gene expression in the aging brain, opening a new perspective on the control of microglial and immune responses within the central nervous system. Further study on the molecular mechanisms of peripheral immune disease risk influencing glial cell activation will be required to identify key regulators of these pathways.
Assisted Reproductive Technologies Are Associated With Cardiovascular Remodeling In Utero That Persists Postnatally
Authors: BrendaValenzuela-Alcaraz, FàtimaCrispi, BartBijnens, MonicaCruz-Lemini, MontserratCreus, MartaSitges, JoaquimBartrons, SalvadoraCivico, JuanBalasch, EduardGratacós
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background—Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have been shown to be associated with general vascular dysfunction in late childhood. However, it is unknown whether cardiac remodeling is also present and if these changes already manifest in prenatal life. Our aim was to assess fetal and infant (6 months of age) cardiovascular function in ART pregnancies. Methods and Results—This prospective cohort study included 100 fetuses conceived by ART and 100 control pregnancies. ART fetuses showed signs of cardiovascular remodeling, including a more globular heart with thicker myocardial walls, decreased longitudinal function (tricuspid ring displacement in controls: median, 6.5 mm [interquartile range, 6.1–7.1 mm]; tricuspid ring displacement in ART: 5.5 mm [interquartile range, 5.1–6.1]; P<0.001), impaired relaxation, and dilated atria (atrial area in controls, 1.46 cm2 [interquartile range, 1.2–1.5 cm2]; atrial area in ART, 1.6 cm2 [interquartile range, 1.3–1.8 cm2]; P<0.001). Additionally, ART infants show...
Safety and efficacy of the sodium-glucose cotransporter 1 inhibitor mizagliflozin for functional constipation: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 2 trial
Authors: Shin Fukudo, Yuka Endo, Michio Hongo, Atsushi Nakajima, Tatsuya Abe, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Tomohiro Nakata, Toshio Nakajima, Kanako Sameshima, Kohei Kaku, Etsuro Shoji, Ken Tarumi, Yasuhiro Nagaoka, Tetsuo Ooshima, Kotaro Ozawa, Takashi Majima, Shigeyasu Kamata, Tomohiro Tada, Hiroshi Ishii, Yutaka Segawa, Shinichi Miyazaki, Takashi Yamamoto, Yoshinori Yagi, Hideo Sawada, Shigeru Shirota, Seiji Otsuka, Norimichi Yamada, Ryoichi Suzuki, Hidenori Kurakata, Katsuhiko Nakai, Yamasaki Syuji, Tatsuhiko Usui, Makoto Yamamura, Tatsuhiro Oishi, Hiroaki Tanaka
Journal: The Lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology (2018)
The Role of Endothelin-Converting Enzyme-1 in the Development of α1-Adrenergic-Stimulated Hypertrophy in Cultured Neonatal Rat Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: SatoshiKaburagi, KojiHasegawa, TatsuyaMorimoto, MakotoAraki, TatsuyaSawamura, TomohMasaki, ShigetakeSasayama
Journal: Circulation (1999)

Background—Accumulating evidence suggests that the local synthesis of endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays a role in the development of heart failure in vivo. We investigated the role of endothelin-converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1), which mediates the conversion of big ET-1 to mature ET-1, in the development of α1-adrenergic–stimulated hypertrophy in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Methods and Results—Phenylephrine (PE) induced the expression of ET-1 in rat cardiac myocytes and accelerated the conversion of big ET-1 to ET-1. The ECE-1 mRNA levels were markedly increased 3 hours after PE stimulation (3.6-fold compared with saline stimulation, P<0.005). A specific ECE-1 antagonist, FR901533, inhibited the PE-stimulated increase in protein synthesis rate by 45% (P<0.05). As genetic markers for the hypertrophic response, FR901533 inhibited the PE-stimulated transcriptional activities of the 3.5-kb β-myosin heavy chain promoter by 79% (P<0.01) but did not affect that of the 3.4-kb atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) promot...
What's in a Name When Efficacy Isn't Efficacious?-Reply
Authors: Joan Kreiss
Journal: JAMA (1992)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We appreciate your suggestion for alternative titles to our article. There are two schools of thought, one that presents the title as conclusion and one that presents the title as announcement. We chose not to use a declarative title (eg, "Nonoxynol 9 Contraceptive Sponge Use Does Not Prevent HIV Transmission") because a short sentence can rarely adequately capture the results of a study and may be misleading through oversimplification. Rather, we selected a title to announce the subject, with the expectation that readers with an interest in the field would read the abstract and perhaps more. Perhaps "The Evaluation of Efficacy..." would have served as an announcement with no potential for misinterpretation.
Dream content and sleep changes in women after mastectomy.
Authors: Alessandro Cicolin, Mario Airoldi, Alessandra Giordano, Valentina Francese, Elena Peila, Antonella Tribolo, Fulvia Pedani, Riccardo Torta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e11524 Background: The concerns people express in their dreams are the concerns they have in waking life (Domhoff – Dreaming 11: 13-33; 2001) . In this abstract we report in breast cancer patients (BCP) the dream content, sleep quality and quantity , and their mood both before and after mastectomy (M), to determine whether a loss of a body part could change body schema and actuate a sexual sphere restructuring. Methods: Consecutive menopausal BCP without impaired cognitive impairment (MMSE &lt; 24), without psychiatric and/or sleep disorders, not assuming drug that could affect REM sleep and waiting for M were enrolled. Pts were evaluated at T0 (7-10 days before M) and at T1 (3 months after M) with: 1) Dream Report Form (DRF – Domhoff , 1996) in which pts describe 5 recent dreams; 2) Dream Remind Questionnaire (DRQ) to obtain explicit content of dreams; 3) Beck Depression Inventory (BDI); 4) State Trait Anxiety Inventory , Form Y(STAI-Y). Results: Thirty pts were eligible: 15 pts dropped out (withdrew consent between T0 and T1); 15 pts completed the study (mean age = 51 yrs , range 45-66 yrs; education = 10 +/- 4 yrs). After M the total sleep time was significantly increased ( p&lt;.05) ; sleep quality was unchanged .STAI and BDI were not significantly different. . At T1 we found a statistically significant increase in stated presence of wise self, determined self, curiosity, anger and shame. Excitement was reduced in T1.At T1 there is a reduction of violent and erotic environments, frightened-self perceptions, and repulsions, along with a slight increase of loved and powerful self-perception. In T1 dreams we found an increased presence of males and family characters, the proportion of dead people, striving elements with failure, a decreased presence of friends and aggressiveness. Torso-anatomy was significantly different in T1. Conclusions: Our results confirm a continuity between dreams and waking life. Dream content modifications are specifically related to body image.
Time of disease control (TDC) with hormone and chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer (MBC).
Authors: Hitesh Singh, David Hodges, Jana Reynolds, Pandora Ashley, Christopher O. Ruud
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e11069 Background: Patients with metastatic breast cancer are treated with multiple lines of therapy. Less is known about the relative benefits from subsequent lines of hormone and chemotherapy and the influence of the molecular subtypes; luminal, HER2, and triple negative. Methods: The tumor registry at Scott &amp; White Memorial Hospital (S&amp;W) was queried for consecutive patients diagnosed with MBC between 2000 and 2009. Of the 409 patients identified, 252 patients met inclusion criteria. Exclusions were partial treatment at S&amp;W (112), unknown ER or HER2 status (26), male sex (5), and palliative care only (14). Treatment regimen and start date was recorded for each line of therapy by review of EMRs. TDC for each line was defined as the treatment start date to the date of the next line of therapy, or the end date of treatment for the final line. Lines of therapy were reported sequentially relative to their order in either hormone or chemotherapy, not in regard to their overall line in systemic treatment. Results: For patients followed to death, median overall survival for luminal (104), HER2 (57), and triple negative (62) was 19.0, 24.1, and 9.3 months respectively. For those who underwent chemotherapy as their final line (162), the median time between last chemotherapy administration and death was 1.5 months. The table reports the median TDC for the first five lines of chemotherapy and first three lines of hormone therapy. Conclusions: All subtypes had continued benefit of chemotherapy on subsequent chemotherapy lines. Overall, HER2 exhibited longer TDCs on chemotherapy. Although biased by case selection, TDC on hormone therapy was superior to chemotherapy for the first three lines of hormone treatment. Our findings support the benefit of successive lines of hormone and chemotherapy for palliation in MBC. [Table: see text]
Lung function in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia: an iPCD Cohort study
Authors: Florian S. Halbeisen, Myrofora Goutaki, Ben D. Spycher, Israel Amirav, Laura Behan, Mieke Boon, Claire Hogg, Carmen Casaulta, Suzanne Crowley, Eric G. Haarman, Bulent Karadag, Cordula Koerner-Rettberg, Michael R. Loebinger, Henryk Mazurek, Lucy Morgan, Kim G. Nielsen, Heymut Omran, Francesca Santamaria, Nicolaus Schwerk, Guillaume Thouvenin, Panayiotis Yiallouros, Jane S. Lucas, Philipp Latzin, Claudia E. Kuehni
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) has been considered a relatively mild disease, especially compared to cystic fibrosis (CF), but studies on lung function in PCD patients have been few and small.This study compared lung function from spirometry of PCD patients to normal reference values and to published data from CF patients. We calculated z-scores and % predicted values for forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) using the Global Lung Function Initiative 2012 values for 991 patients from the international PCD Cohort. We then assessed associations with age, sex, country, diagnostic certainty, organ laterality, body mass index and age at diagnosis in linear regression models. Lung function in PCD patients was reduced compared to reference values in both sexes and all age groups. Children aged 6-9 years had the smallest impairment (FEV1 z-score -0.84 (-1.03 to -0.65), FVC z-score -0.31 (-0.51 to -0.11)). Compared to CF patients, FEV1 was similarly reduced in children (age 6-9 years PCD 91% (88-93%); CF 90% (88-91%)), but less impaired in young adults (age 18-21 years PCD 79% (76-82%); CF 66% (65-68%)). The results suggest that PCD affects lung function from early in life, which emphasises the importance of early standardised care for all patients.
Effect of Escitalopram vs Placebo Treatment for Depression on Long-term Cardiac Outcomes in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Jae-Min Kim, Robert Stewart, Yong-Seong Lee, Hee-Joon Lee, Min Chul Kim, Ju-Wan Kim, Hee-Ju Kang, Kyung-Yeol Bae, Sung-Wan Kim, Il-Seon Shin, Young Joon Hong, Ju Han Kim, Youngkeun Ahn, Myung Ho Jeong, Jin-Sang Yoon
Journal: JAMA (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> Depression has been associated with poorer medical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but there are few data on the effects of antidepressant treatment on long-term prognosis. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate the effect on long-term major adverse cardiac events (MACE) of escitalopram treatment of depression in patients with recent ACS. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted among 300 patients with recent ACS and depression enrolled from May 2007 to March 2013, with follow-up completed in June 2017, at Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea. <h3>Interventions</h3> Patients were randomly assigned to receive either escitalopram in flexible dosages of 5, 10, 15, or 20 mg/d (n = 149) or matched placebo (n = 151) for 24 weeks. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome was MACE, a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Four secondary outcomes were the individual MACE components of all-cause mortality, cardiac death, MI, and PCI. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the escitalopram and placebo groups by time to first MACE. <h3>Results</h3> Among 300 randomized patients (mean age, 60 years; 119 women [39.3%]), 100% completed a median of 8.1 (interquartile range, 7.5-9.0) years of follow-up. MACE occurred in 61 patients (40.9%) receiving escitalopram and in 81 (53.6%) receiving placebo (hazard ratio [HR], 0.69; 95% CI, 0.49-0.96;<i>P</i> = .03). Comparing individual MACE outcomes between the escitalopram and placebo groups, respectively, incidences for all-cause mortality were 20.8% vs 24.5% (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.51-1.33;<i>P</i> = .43), for cardiac death, 10.7% vs 13.2% (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.41-1.52;<i>P</i> = .48); for MI, 8.7% vs 15.2% (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.27-0.96;<i>P</i> = .04), and for PCI, 12.8% vs 19.9% (HR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.33-1.04;<i>P</i> = .07). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Among patients with depression following recent acute coronary syndrome, 24-week treatment with escitalopram compared with placebo resulted in a lower risk of major adverse cardiac events after a median of 8.1 years. Further research is needed to assess the generalizability of these findings. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT00419471
Abstract 19428: Evaluating the Risk of Rheumatic Heart Disease Among Family Members of Children Identified With Latent RHD in School-based Echocardiographic Screening
Authors: Twalib Aliku, Andrea Beaton, Amy Scheel, Alison Tompsett, Peter Lwabi, Craig Sable
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Poorly understood genetic susceptibility factors influence who develops acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and who develops the long-term complication, rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Risk of RHD in family members - and thus the need for screening of first degree relatives - once an index case has been identified, is not known. Methods: Sixty RHD positive children (30 borderline 30 definite RHD) and 67 age &amp; gender matched controls were recruited from previous school-based echocardiographic screening. All first-degree relatives ≥ 5 years were invited for echocardiographic screening (2012 World Heart Federation Criteria). Absent family members were recorded with reason for absence including death. Continuous variables were compared using 2-tailed independent samples t-test, categorical variables by Fisher’s Exact Test, and relative risk was used to compare cases and controls. Results: A total of 454/733 (62%) family members were screened (106 mothers, 48 fathers &amp; 300 siblings). Definite RHD was more common in childhood siblings of cases than controls (p=0.05), and children with RHD were 4.5 times as likely to have a sibling with RHD compared to controls. Mothers had more RHD than fathers without regard to child’s screening status. Conclusions: Siblings of children identified with latent RHD are at greater risk of having RHD and screening of these children should be considered. While no adult RHD screening data exists from sub-Saharan Africa, this study suggests that the prevalence of occult RHD in adult women is quite high (9.4%). Genotyping studies are needed to fully understand individual and family susceptibility to RHD.
Community-based HIV prevalence in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: results of a cross-sectional household survey
Authors: Ayesha B M Kharsany, Cherie Cawood, David Khanyile, Lara Lewis, Anneke Grobler, Adrian Puren, Kaymarlin Govender, Gavin George, Sean Beckett, Natasha Samsunder, Savathree Madurai, Carlos Toledo, Zawadi Chipeta, Mary Glenshaw, Sara Hersey, Quarraisha Abdool Karim
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2018)