tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Updated systematic review of exercise studies in breast cancer survivors: attention to the principles of exercise training
Authors: Sarah E Neil-Sztramko, Kerri M Winters-Stone, Kelcey A Bland, Kristin L Campbell
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

To update our previous evaluation of the exercise interventions used in randomised controlled trials of breast cancer survivors in relation to (1) the application of the principles of exercise training in the exercise prescription; (2) the reporting of the components of the exercise prescription; and (3) the reporting of adherence of participants to the prescribed interventions.Systematic review.The OVID Medline, Embase, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus electronic databases were searched from January 2010 to January 2017.Randomised controlled trials of at least 4 weeks of aerobic and/or resistance exercise in women diagnosed with breast cancer, reporting on physical fitness or body composition outcomes.Specificity was appropriately applied by 84%, progression by 29%, overload by 38% and initial values by 67% of newly identified studies. Reversibility was reported by 3% anddiminishing returns by 22% of newly identified studies. No studies reported all components of the exercise prescription in the methods, or adherence to the prescribed intervention in the results. Reporting of reversibility has increased from 2010, but no other improvements in reporting were noted from the previous review.No studies of exercise in women with breast cancer attended to all principles of exercise training, or reported all components of the exercise prescription in the methods, or adherence to the prescription in the results. Full reporting of the exercise prescribed and completed is essential for study replication in research and translating research findings into the community, and should be prioritised in future trials.
Extracellular Mitochondria for Therapy and Diagnosis in Acute Central Nervous System Injury
Authors: Kazuhide Hayakawa, Morgan Bruzzese, Sherry H-Y. Chou, MingMing Ning, Xunming Ji, Eng H. Lo
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2017)

Acute central nervous system (CNS) injury after stroke and trauma remains a clinical challenge with limited diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In this article, we review studies suggesting that after CNS injury, mitochondria can be released into extracellular space as a "help-me" signal to augment recovery. Results are taken from experimental studies in cell and animal models and an initial proof-of-concept analysis in humans suggesting the functional relevance of extracellular mitochondria after acute CNS injury.After acute CNS injury, (1) mitochondria may be released into extracellular space, (2) mitochondria may be transferred between cells, and (3) levels of extracellular mitochondria may serve as potential biomarkers for recovery.Further translational and clinical studies are warranted to assess the overall hypothesis of using extracellular mitochondria as a therapy and biomarker in the CNS after stroke and trauma.
Pregnancy and perinatal conditions and atopic disease prevalence in childhood and adulthood
Authors: J. Gerlich, N. Benecke, A. S. Peters‐Weist, S. Heinrich, D. Roller, J. Genuneit, G. Weinmayr, D. Windstetter, H. Dressel, U. Range, D. Nowak, E. von Mutius, K. Radon, C. Vogelberg
Journal: Allergy (2017)

Abstract Background Previous studies showed controversial results for the influence of pregnancy‐related and perinatal factors on subsequent respiratory and atopic diseases in children. The aim of this study was to assess the association between perinatal variables and the prevalence of asthma, bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR), flexural eczema (FE), allergic rhinitis, and sensitization in childhood and early adulthood. Methods The studied population was first examined in Munich and Dresden in 1995/1996 at age 9‐11 years. Participants were followed until age 19‐24 years using questionnaires and clinical examinations. Associations between perinatal data and subsequent atopic diseases were examined using logistic regression analyses adjusting for potential confounders. Results Cesarean section was statistically significantly associated with BHR in early adulthood (odds ratio 4.8 [95% confidence interval 1.5‐15.2]), while assisted birth was associated with presence of asthma symptoms in childhood (2.2 [1.2‐3.9]), FE symptoms (2.2 [1.2‐4.3]) and doctor's diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (1.9 [1.0‐3.4]) in childhood, and sensitization in early adulthood (2.2 [1.1‐4.3]). Lower birth length (1.9 [1.1‐3.2]), lower birthweight (0.5 [0.3‐0.9]), and higher birthweight (0.6 [0.4‐1.0]) were predictive of sensitization in early adulthood compared to average birth length and birthweight, respectively. None of the other perinatal factors showed statistically significant associations with the outcomes. Conclusions Our results indicate that children who are born by cesarean section and especially by assisted birth, might be at greater risk for developing asthma, FE, and sensitization and should hence be monitored. Prenatal maternal stress might partly explain these associations, which should be further investigated.
A novel triple-anchoring technique for hybrid endoscopic mucosal resection
Authors: Jun Hamanaka, Cristiano Spada, Maria Campanale, Vincenzo Bove, Shin Maeda, Guido Costamagna
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

Superficial colorectal lesions smaller than 20 mm in size can be safely removed en bloc by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). Bigger lesions (≥ 20 mm) usually require piecemeal EMR, which is associated with a lower curative rate [1] and a higher risk of recurrence [2]. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was developed to allow en bloc resection of early stage gastrointestinal lesions. ESD is a technically difficult procedure, which requires specialized training, a longer procedure time, and is associated with a higher risk of perforation compared with EMR [3] [4].
Structural priming, action planning, and grammar
Authors: Maryellen C. MacDonald, Daniel J. Weiss
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Structural priming is poorly understood and cannot inform accounts of grammar for two reasons. First, those who view performance as grammar + processing will always be able to attribute psycholinguistic data to processing rather than grammar. Second, structural priming may be simply an example of hysteresis effects in general action planning. If so, then priming offers no special insight into grammar.
Abstract 23081: Anti-inflammatory Effect of Whole-Food Plant-Based Vegan Diet vs the American Heart Association - Recommended Diet in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: The Randomized EVADE CAD Trial
Authors: Binita Shah, Jonathan Newman, Kathleen Woolf, Lisa Ganguzza, Yu Guo, Edward A Fisher, Nicole Allen, Stanley L Hazen, John Larigakis, Judy Zhong, Eugenia Gianos, Francisco Ujueta, James Slater
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: The effect of a whole-food plant-based vegan diet vs an AHA-recommended diet on inflammatory, lipid, and glucometabolic profiles remains uncertain. Methods: This prospective blinded end-point trial randomized 100 patients with invasive angiographically-defined coronary artery disease (CAD) to 8 weeks of a vegan or AHA diet. Participants were provided weekly groceries for their assigned diet strategy, sample 2-week menus, tools to measure portion size, and on-going consultation with the study dietitian. Dietary adherence was measured by two weekly 24-hour dietary recalls and plasma and urine trimethylamine- N -oxide levels. Participants also completed a 4-day food record during the week prior to the baseline, 4-, and 8-week study visits. The primary endpoint was serum hsCRP concentration. A linear mixed effect model was used to model the log-transformed endpoints (to correct for skewness), evaluate the change in endpoint over time within treatment group, and test the interaction between time and treatment. The primary analysis was also covariate-adjusted. Results: Baseline characteristics are shown in Table 1. Two subjects withdrew from the vegan group after randomization, but dietary adherence remained higher in the vegan vs AHA group at the 4-week (96% vs 84%, p=0.09) and 8-week (94% vs 70%, p=0.003) visits. Endpoints are shown in Table 2. Conclusion: A vegan diet significantly reduced systemic inflammation, as evidenced by hsCRP, in patients with CAD on guideline-directed medical therapy, while an AHA diet did not. This is the first rigorous study to comprehensively assess multiple indices of cardiovascular risk between a vegan and AHA diet.
Abstract 21217: PTP1B is a Critical Mediator for Vascular Smooth Cell Proliferation in the Development of Pulmonary Hypertension in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Shayan Moazeni, Greg Ruffenach, Soban Umar, Shervin Sarji, Christine Cunningham, Mylene Vaillancourt, Mansoureh Eghbali
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling that leads to right ventricular failure and death. In PH, vascular remodeling is driven by hyper-proliferative and anti-apoptotic pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC). Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), is a negative regulator for apoptosis and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells through down-stream mediators such as BCL-2. While BCL-2 is increased in PH patients, the pathways for regulating BCL-2 are poorly understood. Therefore, our aim is to investigate if PTP1B has a role in PASMC proliferation and resistance to apoptosis in human PASMCs and in the angioproliferative Sugen/Hypoxia/Normoxia (SuHx) PH rat model. Method: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with a single intraperitoneal dose of a vascular endothelial growth factor antagonist (SU5416, 20 mg/kg, n=4) and kept in hypoxia for 3 weeks followed by normoxia for 2 weeks. Saline treated controls were kept in normoxia for 5 weeks (n=4). RV systolic pressure (RVSP) was recorded by RV catheterization and hearts were isolated to assess RV hypertrophy (RV/LV + IVS). PTP1B and BCL-2 expression was determined using qPCR. Healthy hPASMCs were incubated with a PTP1B inhibitor (Ethyl-3,4-dephostatin) at IC50=0.58ug/ml for 24hrs and stained with Ki67 to assess for proliferation. Results: SuHx rats had severe PH, evident by elevated RVSP compared to control (88.97+/- 13.67 vs. 28.47+/- 2.22 mmHg, p&lt;0.05). PH rats also showed reduced RV function and increased hypertrophy (0.7+/- 0.063 vs 0.274 +/-0.01 in control, p&lt;0.05). PH lungs exhibited pulmonary vascular remodeling characterized by excessive growth of the PASMCs. PTP1B was decreased in PH lungs compared to controls (0.158+/-0.0647 vs 1+/-0.06, P&lt;0.05). As expected, BCL-2 expression was significantly increased in PH compared to control (2.01+/-0.162 vs 1 +/-0.1, P&lt;0.01). Inhibition of PTP1B in cultured hPASMCs increased proliferation by ~2 fold as assessed by Ki67 positive cells. Conclusion: Severe Angioproliferative PH in rats is associated with a downregulation of PTP1B and increased expression of BCL-2. Additionally, PTP1B inhibition resulted in hPASMC proliferation, suggesting a role for PTP1B in the pathogenesis of PH.
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 has prognostic relevance and is a druggable target in multiple myeloma
Authors: A Gullà, T Hideshima, G Bianchi, M Fulciniti, M Kemal Samur, J Qi, Y-T Tai, T Harada, E Morelli, N Amodio, R Carrasco, P Tagliaferri, N C Munshi, P Tassone, K C Anderson
Journal: Leukemia (2017)
Association Between Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Admission Rates and Illness Acuity
Authors: Joseph Schulman, David Braun, Henry C. Lee, Jochen Profit, Grace Duenas, Mihoko V. Bennett, Robert J. Dimand, Maria Jocson, Jeffrey B. Gould
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2017)

Most neonates admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are born at gestational age (GA) of 34 weeks or more. The degree of uniformity of admission criteria for these infants is unclear, particularly at the low-acuity end of the range of conditions warranting admission.To describe variation in NICU admission rates for neonates born at GA of 34 weeks or more and examine whether such variation is associated with high illness acuity or designated facility level of care.Cross-sectional study of 35 921 NICU inborn admissions of GA at 34 weeks or more during calendar year 2015, using a population database of inborn NICU admissions at 130 of the 149 hospitals in California with a NICU. The aggregate service population comprised 358 453 live births. The individual NICU was the unit of observation and analysis. The analysis was stratified by designated facility level of care and correlations with the percentage admissions with high illness acuity were explored. The hypothesis at the outset of the study was that inborn admission rates would correlate positively with the percentage of admissions with high illness acuity.Live birth at GA of 34 weeks or more.Inborn NICU admission rate.Of the total of 358 453 live births at GA of 34 weeks or more, 35 921 infants were admitted to a NICU and accounted for 79.2% of all inborn NICU admissions; 4260 (11.9%) of these admissions met high illness acuity criteria. Inborn admission rates varied 34-fold, from 1.1% to 37.7% of births (median, 9.7%; mean [SD], 10.6% [5.8%]). Percentage with high illness acuity varied 40-fold, from 2.4% to 95% (median, 11.3%; mean, 13.2% [9.9%]). Inborn admission rate correlated inversely with percentage of admissions with high illness acuity (Spearman ρ = -0.3034, P < .001). Among regional NICUs capable of caring for patients with the highest degree of illness and support needs, inborn admission rate did not significantly correlate with percentage of admissions with high illness acuity (Spearman ρ = -0.21, P = .41).Percentage of admissions with high illness acuity does not explain 34-fold variation in NICU inborn admission rates for neonates born at GA of 34 weeks or more. The findings are consistent with a supply-sensitive care component and invite future investigation to clarify the lower-acuity end of the range of conditions considered to warrant neonatal intensive care.
Utilization of gabapentin for cough in cancer: A case series.
Authors: Josephine Louella Feliciano, A. Rab Razzak, Julie Waldfogel, Danielle J Doberman, Thomas J. Smith
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

241 Background: Refractory cough is a significant problem for cancer patients. Therapeutic options are suboptimal and based on low quality of evidence. Gabapentin is a gamma aminobutyric acid analog that may regulate neurotransmitter release via activity at the alpha-2-delta subunit of voltage dependent calcium channels. It is hypothesized to ameliorate cough through a central mechanism and is effective in relieving chronic refractory idiopathic cough. However, gabapentin has not been studied in cancer patients with cough. We report the use of gabapentin for chronic, refractory cough in adult cancer patients. Methods: We identified 3 male patients with metastatic cancer evaluated by palliative care for refractory cough. Data regarding diagnosis previous treatments for cough, dosage of gabapentin, and symptomatic outcomes are reported. Results: Case 1 is a 68 y.o. male with NSCLC and malignant pleural effusion had chronic cough despite thoracentesis that was associated with fatigue, sleep disturbance, and worsened with movement, pain, and sitting upright. Previous treatment for cough included benzonatate, codeine, dextromethorphan, albuterol inhaler, and ranitidine, without relief. He received gabapentin 300 mg three times a day. Case 2 was a 68 y.o. with NSCLC and a left mainstem bronchus obstructive mass not amenable to stent. Cough was associated with eating and sleep disturbance, and he could not lie flat for radiation planning. He received gabapentin 300 mg at night. Case 3 was a 48 y.o. with salivary duct carcinoma and a cavitary S. Pyogenes pneumonia treated with antibiotics and chest tube drainage and had persistent cough. He received gabapentin 300 at night. All patients had cough relief within 24 hours and were controlled until death. Conclusions: Gabapentin at doses up to 1800 mg per day has been studied in refractory chronic idiopathic cough and found effective relative to placebo with significantly more improvement in cough frequency, severity, and quality of life. Chronic cough in cancer patients can be a debilitating symptom and interventions are inadequately effective, with little quality evidence to support their use. Our case series suggests that further studies of gabapentin in cancer-related chronic cough are warranted.
P2.07-023 Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Preexisting Autoimmune Disease
Authors: A. Tison, G. Quéré, L. Misery, M. Geier, T. Lesimple, M. Marcq, S. Martinez, F. Brunet-Possenti, S. Mansard, N. Beneton, M. Lambert, C. Rogé, O. Zehou, F. Aubin, S. Maanaoui, C. Scalbert, D. Giacchero, N. Kramkimel, F. Skowron, A. Pham-Ledard, D. Cornec, M. Kostine
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Case 35-2017
Authors: Michael P. Bowley, William S. David, Tracey A. Cho, Anand S. Dighe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

A 57-year-old-woman with a history of gastric bypass presented with hypoesthesia, paresthesia, and weakness in the arms and legs. Studies for somatosensory evoked potentials were consistent with disruption of central conduction. A diagnostic test was performed.
Blocking Stemness and Metastatic Properties of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Targeting p70S6K with Dendrimer Nanovector-Based siRNA Delivery
Authors: Jing Ma, Shashwati Kala, Susan Yung, Tak Mao Chan, Yu Cao, Yifan Jiang, Xiaoxuan Liu, Suzanne Giorgio, Ling Peng, Alice S.T. Wong
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2017)

Metastasis is the cause of most (>90%) cancer deaths and currently lacks effective treatments. Approaches to understanding the biological process, unraveling the most effective molecular target(s), and implementing nanotechnology to increase the therapeutic index are expected to facilitate cancer therapy against metastasis. Here, we demonstrate the potential advantages of bringing these three approaches together through the rational design of a small interfering RNA (siRNA) that targets p70S6K in cancer stem cells (CSCs) in combination with dendrimer nanotechnology-based siRNA delivery. Our results demonstrated that the generation 6 (G6) poly(amidoamine) dendrimer can be used as a nanovector to effectively deliver p70S6K siRNA by forming uniform dendriplex nanoparticles that protect the siRNA from degradation. These nanoparticles were able to significantly knock down p70S6K in ovarian CSCs, leading to a marked reduction in CSC proliferation and expansion without obvious toxicity toward normal ovarian surface epithelial cells. Furthermore, treatment with the p70S6K siRNA/G6 dendriplexes substantially decreased mesothelial interaction, migration and invasion of CSCs in vitro, as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Collectively, these results suggest that p70S6K constitutes a promising therapeutic target, and the use of siRNA in combination with nanotechnology-based delivery may constitute a new approach for molecularly targeted cancer therapy to treat metastasis.Graphical abstract
Beyond personal control: The role of developing self-control abilities in the behavioral constellation of deprivation
Authors: Sabine Doebel, Laura E Michaelson, Yuko Munakata
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract We agree with Pepper &amp; Nettle that personal control is important in understanding people's willingness to engage in future-oriented behavior. However, this does not imply that self-control abilities play no role, for self-control abilities do influence whether individuals engage in future-oriented behavior. Personal control may also shape the development of self-control abilities, so contrasting the two may be a false dichotomy.
Maturation of CGM and Glycemic Measurements Beyond HbA1c—A Turning Point in Research and Clinical Decisions
Authors: Matthew C. Riddle, Hertzel C. Gerstein, William T. Cefalu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2017)

Periodically, a new idea, method, or tool leads to a turning point in the management of diabetes. We believe such a moment is now upon us, brought by development of reliable devices for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Obtaining profiles of glucose levels continuously, day and night, is likely to bring new scientific insights and greater ability to individualize treatments for patients with both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Notably, such profiles provide the opportunity to develop measures of glycemic control that provide clinically helpful information beyond that provided by an HbA1c value and periodic self-testing of capillary glucose. Several articles in this issue of Diabetes Care summarize recent progress in CGM measurements and their interpretation. The editorial committee of Diabetes Care is proud to present a Scientific Statement developed jointly by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes titled “Improving the Clinical Value and Utility of CGM Systems: Issues and Recommendations” (1). This statement reviews clinical evidence regarding use of CGM and describes the properties and limitations of available CGM systems. It also addresses some practical issues regarding instruction of potential users of these devices and concerns about safety. In addition, we present two other Consensus Reports. In one, experts representing various groups with a strong interest in T1D define measures of glycemic control other than HbA1c, including categories of hypoglycemia and proportions of time in glucose target ranges during CGM, and also consider how best to use patient-reported outcomes in T1D (2). A strong consensus reached by these groups provides an important step forward from previously differing approaches to these issues. In the other, an international group of experts reviews current evidence on how best to use CGM information for improving patient care and research, …