tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of hand, foot and mouth disease in China, 2008 to 2015 prior to the introduction of EV-A71 vaccine
Authors: Bingyi Yang, Fengfeng Liu, Qiaohong Liao, Peng Wu, Zhaorui Chang, Jiao Huang, Lu Long, Li Luo, Yu Li, Gabriel M. Leung, Benjamin J. Cowling, Hongjie Yu
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2017)

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is usually caused by several serotypes from human enterovirus A species, including enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16). Two inactivated monovalent EV-A71 vaccines have been recently licensed in China and monovalent CV-A16 vaccine and bivalent EV-A71 and CV-A16 vaccine are under development.Using notifications from the national surveillance system, we describe the epidemiology and dynamics of HFMD in the country, before the introduction of EV-A71 vaccination, from 2008 through 2015.Laboratory-identified serotype categories, i.e. CV-A16, EV-A71 and other enteroviruses, circulated annually. EV-A71 remained the most virulent serotype and was the major serotype for fatal cases (range: 88.5-95.4%) and severe cases (range: 50.7-82.3%) across years. Except for 2013 and 2015, when other enteroviruses were more frequently found in mild HFMD (48.8% and 52.5%), EV-A71 was more frequently detected from mild cases in the rest of the years covered by the study (range: 39.4-52.6%). The incidence rates and severity risks of HFMD associated with all serotype categories were the highest for children aged 1 year and younger, and decreased with increasing age.This study provides baseline epidemiology for evaluation of vaccine impact and potential serotype replacement.
Abstract 19921: Are Women With Multi-Vessel Coronary Disease Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery as Frequently as Men?
Authors: David J Malenka, Alexander Iribarne, Peter N Ver Lee, Yi-Ling Huang, Bruce J Leavitt, Elaine M Olmstead, Andrew Eisenhauer, John R O’Meara, Prospero B Gogo, Anthony W DiScipio
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Observational studies have reported a lower rate of CABG for women v men with multi-vessel CAD. Recent randomized trials have reported better survival for CABG than PCI in this patien...
High-throughput epitope discovery reveals frequent recognition of neo-antigens by CD4(+) T cells in human melanoma (vol 21, pg 81, 2015)
Authors: Carsten Linnemann, Marit M. van Buuren, Laura Bies, Els M. E. Verdegaal, Remko Schotte, Jorg J. A. Calis, Sam Behjati, Arno Velds, Henk Hilkmann, Dris El Atmioui, Marten Visser, Michael R. Stratton, John B. A. G. Haanen, Hergen Spits, Sjoerd H. van der Burg, Ton N. M. Schumacher
Journal: Nature Medicine (2016)
Convenient Monitoring System of Intracellular microRNA Expression during Adipogenesis via Mechanical Stimulus‐Induced Exocytosis of Lipovesicular miRNA Beacon
Authors: Seungmin Han, Byunghoon Kang, Eunji Jang, Jisun Ki, Eunjung Kim, Mun‐Young Jeong, Yong‐Min Huh, Hye‐Young Son, Seungjoo Haam
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2017)

Abstract Noninvasive investigation of microRNAs (miRNAs) expression, which is deeply related to biological phenomena such as stem cell differentiation, in culture soup is particularly useful for monitoring of stem cell differentiation without phototoxicity of living cells, especially when cell morphologies remain unchanged during differentiation. However, real‐time detection of miRNA in culture soup is not recommended because of insufficient miRNA amounts in culture soup. In this study, a convenient method is introduced for real‐time assessing intracellular miRNA in culture soup by using lipovesicular miRNA beacon (Lipo‐mB) and mechanical stimulus‐mediated exocytosis. Pipetting‐harvest of culture soup induces exocytosis‐secretion of fluorescence signal of Lipo‐mB from cytoplasm into culture soup. To demonstrate this method, Lipo‐mB is applied for monitoring of adipogenesis by analyzing the expression levels of various intracellular miRNAs, which are related to adipogenesis regulators. The fluorescence intensity profile of the culture soup is correlated with the quantitative reverse‐transcription‐polymerase chain reaction data and absorbance of Oil Red O staining. These results demonstrate that Lipo‐mB can successfully monitor stem cell differentiation by sensing changes in miRNA expression from culture soup of living cells. Lipo‐mB can be further developed as an accurate sensing system for analyzing subtle differences in genotype, even when changes in phenotype cannot be observed.
Current Approaches to Bone Tissue Engineering: The Interface between Biology and Engineering
Authors: Jiao Jiao Li, Mohamed Ebied, Jen Xu, Hala Zreiqat
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2017)

Abstract The successful regeneration of bone tissue to replace areas of bone loss in large defects or at load‐bearing sites remains a significant clinical challenge. Over the past few decades, major progress is achieved in the field of bone tissue engineering to provide alternative therapies, particularly through approaches that are at the interface of biology and engineering. To satisfy the diverse regenerative requirements of bone tissue, the field moves toward highly integrated approaches incorporating the knowledge and techniques from multiple disciplines, and typically involves the use of biomaterials as an essential element for supporting or inducing bone regeneration. This review summarizes the types of approaches currently used in bone tissue engineering, beginning with those primarily based on biology or engineering, and moving into integrated approaches in the areas of biomaterial developments, biomimetic design, and scalable methods for treating large or load‐bearing bone defects, while highlighting potential areas for collaboration and providing an outlook on future developments.
Abstract 18025: No Improvement in Outcomes for Adults With Congenital Heart Disease Listed for Heart Transplantation at the Lowest Priority Status in the United States 1986 - 2014
Authors: Laith Alshawabkeh, Knute D Carter, Heather L Bartlett, Alexander R Opotowsky
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction:  Advances in medical therapy have improved survival for patients with chronic heart failure (HF), including those listed at low priority for heart transplantation. Adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD/CHD) are at risk of heart failure as they age but, unlike in those without CHD, there are no disease-specific evidence based medical therapies.   Hypothesis:  The probability of adverse outcomes (death or delisting due to clinical worsening) for ACHD listed at status 2 did not improve over time, in contrast to the trend for patients without CHD.   Methods:  This was a retrospective study that used the Scientific Registry for Transplant Recipients database on participants ≥ 18 years old listed for heart transplantation in the United States between 1986 and 2014. Cumulative incidence functions were used to estimate 1-year probability of death or delisting due to clinical worsening, with transplantation as a competing outcome.   Results:  Among ACHD heart transplantation candidates, there were 359 and 1,290 listed before and after 1999; this figure was 22,110 and 38,557 for non-ACHD, respectively. There was improvement in the probability of the primary outcome in the current compared to the early era for both ACHD (13.2% vs. 18.6%, p=0.01) and non-ACHD (12.1% vs. 15.9%, p   Conclusions:  Despite advances in care for patients without CHD, there has been no improvement in adverse outcomes for ACHD patients listed for heart transplantation as status 2. Absence of proven medical therapy for chronic HF in ACHD likely explains these findings. Risk stratification is challenging in the absence of data on prognostic markers in this seemingly, but perhaps misleadingly, more stable group of patients.
Overweight/obesity status in preschool children associates with worse asthma but robust improvement on inhaled corticosteroids
Authors: Jason E. Lang, Anne M. Fitzpatrick, David T. Mauger, Theresa W. Guilbert, Daniel J. Jackson, Robert F. Lemanske, Fernando D. Martinez, Robert C. Strunk, Robert S. Zeiger, Wanda Phipatanakul, Leonard B. Bacharier, Jacqueline A. Pongracic, Fernando Holguin, Michael D. Cabana, Ronina A. Covar, Hengameh H. Raissy, Monica Tang, Stanley J. Szefler
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2017)
Abstract 16000: Impaired Fasting Glucose Increases Risk for an Unrecognized Myocardial Infarction: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Richard B Stacey, Paul E Leaverton, Douglas D Schocken, Jennifer Peregoy, Mary Lyles, Alain G Bertoni, Gregory Burke
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Almost 25% of initial myocardial infarctions (MI) are unrecognized or clinically-silent (UMI). The prognostic implications of a UMI parallel those of symptomatic MIs. With diabetes mellitus (DM) being a known risk factor for UMI, further investigation is warranted regarding impaired fasting glucose (IFG) as a risk factor for UMI. Up to one-third of Americans have IFG . Therefore the relationship between UMI and IFG may have significant public health and clinical ramifications. Methods: The relationship between IFG and UMI was examined in the Cardiovascular Health Study: a cohort of individuals aged ≥ 65 years old. At year 2, there were 5,018 participants who had an initial 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Of these participants, those with prior coronary heart disease (CHD), incident CHD, or a UMI on initial ECG were excluded. Our study population consisted of 1,714 participants without exclusions with measured fasting glucose (normal fasting glucose, NFG; n = 844), IFG (n=679), and DM (n=191) who underwent a baseline 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Using Minnesota code, an UMI was identified by the presence of pathological Q waves or minor Q waves with ST-T abnormalities. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated. Cox proportional hazard models were used to adjust for age, gender, body mass index, hypertension, anti-hypertensive medication use, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, lipid-lowering medication use, and cigarette use. Results: The sample was 36% male, 95% white, and had a mean age of 72.4 ± 5.6 years. Over a mean follow-up of 8.1 years, there were 94 UMIs identified among NFG subjects, 110 among IFG subjects, and 35 among DM subjects. Relative to NFG, the crude risk ratio estimates for UMI with IFG and DM were 1.53 (95% CI: 1.16-2.01) and 1.85 (1.24-2.70), respectively. With adjustment, the HR for UMI in IFG compared with NFG was 1.37 (95% CI: 1.03-1.83; p=0.032), and the HR for UMI in DM compared with NFG was 1.59 (95% CI: 1.24-2.70; p=0.035). Conclusion: Impaired fasting glucose increased the risk for a subsequent unrecognized myocardial infarction. Considering the enormous number of individuals at risk, these findings suggest the need for more aggressive CVD prevention activities.
Abstract SY34-04: Do we need to know what pO2 hypoxia is
Authors: Cameron J. Koch
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Despite its widespread use in the literature, the word ‘hypoxia’ is often missing from dictionaries. It means “a deficiency of oxygen reaching the tissues of the body” (Encyclopaedia Britannica). Since many molecular, biological and chemical phenomena are related to the actual oxygen concentration (most commonly estimated in units of partial pressure for tissue) it seems reasonable to suggest that one must carefully define the precise nature of ‘hypoxia’ in tissue. In addition to many other possible applications, this first step is critical before attempting to overcome hypoxia's many deleterious effects by therapeutic intervention. Among its multiple complexities, and consistent with its vague definition, hypoxia in tumors can be caused by several distinct mechanisms. Although most of these mechanisms have been predicted to cause oxygen-deficits in isolated small volumes or thin inter-connected shells of tissue, we have recently described a new mechanism that leads to what we have termed ‘extended regional hypoxia’, whereby entire zones of hypoxic tissue, having multi-millimeter dimensions, may form. In order to address the biological and/or therapeutic importance of the complexity described above, we clearly need to be able to distinguish between the causes of hypoxia, and then determine the relevance of this to either the biology or therapy of tumors and normal tissue. Unfortunately, the development of validated methods to determine the type and degree of hypoxia is far from complete. This talk will discuss various approaches to understanding tumor ‘hypoxia’ using the hypoxia marker EF5 (a 2-nitroimidazole), both from the point of view of invasive and non-invasive imaging. A novel modification of the EF5 binding technique has allowed an initial description of the mRNA transcriptional changes that accompany ‘hypoxia’ in a syngeneic rat tumor model. Citation Format: Cameron J. Koch. Do we need to know what pO2 hypoxia is [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY34-04
Association of an Enhanced Recovery Pilot With Length of Stay in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program
Authors: Julia R. Berian, Kristen A. Ban, Jason B. Liu, Christine L. Sullivan, Clifford Y. Ko, Julie K. M. Thacker, Liane S. Feldman
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2017)

Enhanced recovery protocols (ERPs) are standardized care plans of best practices that can decrease morbidity and length of stay (LOS). However, many hospitals need help with implementation. The Enhanced Recovery in National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ERIN) pilot was designed to support ERP implementation.To evaluate the association of the ERIN pilot with LOS after colectomy.Using a difference-in-differences design, pilot LOS before and after ERP implementation was compared with matched controls in a hierarchical model, adjusting for case mix and random effects of hospitals and matched pairs. The setting was 15 hospitals of varied size and academic status from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Preimplementation and postimplementation colectomy cases (July 1, 2013, to December 31, 2015) were collected using novel ERIN variables. Emergency and septic cases were excluded. A propensity score match identified a 2:1 control cohort of patients undergoing colectomy at non-ERIN hospitals.Pilot hospitals developed and implemented ERPs that included expert guidance, multidisciplinary teams, data audits, and opportunities for collaboration.The primary outcome was LOS, and the secondary outcome was serious morbidity or mortality composite.There were 4975 colectomies performed by 15 ERIN pilot hospitals (3437 before implementation and 1538 after implementation) compared with a control cohort of 9950 colectomies (4726 before implementation and 5224 after implementation). The mean LOS decreased by 1.7 days in the pilot (6.9 [interquartile range (IQR), 4-8] days before implementation vs 5.2 [IQR, 3-6] days after implementation, P < .001) compared with 0.4 day in controls (6.4 [IQR, 4-7] days before implementation vs 6.0 [IQR, 3-7] days after implementation, P < .001). Readmission did not differ pre-post for the pilot or controls. Serious morbidity or mortality decreased for pilot participants (485 [14.1%] before implementation vs 162 [10.5%] after implementation, P < .001), with no difference in controls, and remained significant after risk adjustment (adjusted odds ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.60-0.96). After adjusting for differences in case mix and for clustering in hospitals and matched pairs, the adjusted difference-in-differences model demonstrated a decrease in LOS by 1.1 days in the pilot over controls (P < .001).Participating ERIN pilot hospitals achieved shorter LOS and decreased complications after elective colectomy, without increasing readmissions. The ability to implement ERPs across hospitals of varied size and resources is essential. Lessons from the ERIN pilot may inform efforts to scale this effective and evidence-based intervention.
Molecular classification with NanoString nCounter system in triple-negative breast cancer.
Authors: Sung Gwe Ahn, Seung Joon Kim, Hak Woo Lee, Hyo Jeong Yoon, Chungyeul Kim, Joon Jeong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e23198 Background: Previous studies have shown that several distinct subtypes identified by gene expression profiling (GEP) consisted of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Compared with the subtypes defined by GEP, we developed molecular classification with NanoString nCounter system in TNBC. Methods: GEP was conducted on 188 FFPE containing chemotherapy-naïve TNBC tumors collected at Gangnam Severance Hospital. To select core genes for classification, other 120 samples from public GEP database were used. Correlation between nCounter system and GEP using identical RNA was done. In a part of tumors, BRCA1 methylation, homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) assay, and drug response assay with ATP was comprehensively assessed. Results: To classify TNBC into 4 major subtypes (Basal-like: BL, Luminal androgen receptor: LAR, Mesenchymal: M, and Immune-modulatory: IM) according to the Vanderbilt classification, we selected 110 genes in 220 samples with GEP (100 from Gangnam Severance Hospital and 120 from public database). In other 88 samples, the classification with the 110 genes were validated. In 149 tumors excluding UNS subtype by the Vanderbilt, a correlation between 110 genes-classification and the Vanderbilt system was 74.4% (111 of 149, Pearson’s R = 0.726). In 180 tumors with GEP and nCounter assay, a correlation between them was 85.0% (153 of 180, Pearson’s R = 0.827). Compared with tumors of the IM type by 110-genes, the recurrence-free survival was significantly reduced in tumors of the non-IM type by 110-genes ( P= 0.049). In cases with BRCA1 methylation test (n = 147), a significant higher rate of BRCA1 promoter methylation was found in BL type by nCounter system (BL: 41.0% vs. non-BL: 19.4%). In cases with HRD test, a significant lower rate of HRD was found in nCounter-identified LAR type (LAR: 0% vs. non-LAR: 79.3%). In patients with in vitro drug response assay with cisplatin (n = 36), tumors with nCounter-BL had a significant higher responsiveness than tumors with others ( P= 0.028). Conclusions: Our work shows the feasibility of molecular classification with nCounter system in TNBC. Future study warrants the clinical utility of this classification to guide the subtype-specific therapy in patients with TNBC.
A split-face, single-blinded, randomized controlled comparison of alexandrite 755-nm picosecond laser versus alexandrite 755-nm nanosecond laser in the treatment of acquired bilateral nevus of Ota–like macules
Authors: Wenyou Yu, Jiafang Zhu, Wenxin Yu, Dongze Lyu, Xiaoxi Lin, Zhen Zhang
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2017)
Gilz-Activin A as a Novel Signaling Axis Orchestrating Mesenchymal Stem Cell and Th17 Cell Interplay
Authors: Patricia Luz-Crawford, Gabriel Espinosa-Carrasco, Natacha Ipseiz, Rafael Contreras, Gautier Tejedor, Daniel A. Medina, Ana-Maria Vega-Letter, Devi Ngo, Eric F. Morand, Jérôme Pène, Javier Hernandez, Christian Jorgensen, Farida Djouad
Journal: Theranostics (2017)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are highly immunosuppressive cells able to reduce chronic inflammation through the active release of mediators.Recently, we showed that glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (Gilz) expression by MSC is involved in their therapeutic effect by promoting the generation of regulatory T cells.However, the mechanisms underlying this pivotal role of Gilz remain elusive. Methods and ResultsIn this study, we have uncovered evidence that Gilz modulates the phenotype and function of Th1 and Th17 cells likely by upregulating the level of Activin A and NO2 secreted by MSC.Adoptive transfer experiments sustained this Gilz-dependent suppressive effect of MSC on Th1 and Th17 cell functions.In immunoregulatory MSC, obtained by priming with IFN-γ and TNF-α, Gilz was translocated to the nucleus and bound to the promoters of inos and Activin βA to induce their expression.The increased expression of Activin A directly impacted on Th17 cells fate by repressing their differentiation program through the activation of Smad3/2 and enhancing IL-10 production. ConclusionOur results reveal how Gilz controls inos and Activin βA gene expression to ultimately assign immunoregulatory status to MSC able to repress the pathogenic Th17 cell differentiation program and uncover Activin A as a novel mediator of MSC in this process.
Seasonal Variability of Exacerbations in Patients With Severe, Uncontrolled Eosinophilic Asthma and Clinical Benefits of Benralizumab: Pooled Analysis of the SIROCCO and CALIMA Trials
Authors: Lawrence DuBuske, Paul Newbold, Yanping Wu, Frank Trudo, Gokul Gopalan
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Differences in Virological and Immunological Risk Factors for Non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Leah Shepherd, Lene Ryom, Matthew Law, Camilla Ingrid Hatleberg, Stephane de Wit, Antonella d'Arminio Monforte, Manuel Battegay, Andrew Phillips, Fabrice Bonnet, Peter Reiss, Christian Pradier, Andrew Grulich, Caroline Sabin, Jens Lundgren, Amanda Mocroft
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2017)

Abstract Background Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are increased in populations with immune dysfunction, including people living with HIV; however, there is little evidence for to what degree immunological and virological factors differently affect NHL and HL risk. Methods Data from the Data Collection on Adverse events of Anti-HIV Drugs Study cohort were analyzed to identify independent risk factors for NHL and HL using hazard ratios (HRs), focusing on current and cumulative area under the curve (AUC) measures of immunological and virological status. Variables with different associations with NHL and HL were identified using marginal Cox models. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results Among 41 420 people followed for 337 020 person-years, 392 developed NHL (incidence rate = 1.17/1000 person-years of follow-up [PYFU], 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06 to 1.30) and 149 developed HL (incidence rate = 0.44/1000 PYFU, 95% CI = 0.38 to 0.52). Higher risk of both NHL and HL was associated with lower current CD4 cell count (adjusted HR [aHR] of NHL for CD4 &lt;100 vs &gt; 599 cells/mm3 = 8.08, 95% CI = 5.63 to 11.61; HL = 4.58, 95% CI = 2.22 to 9.45), whereas higher current HIV viral load (aHR of NHL for HIV-VL &gt;1000 vs &lt; 50 copies/mL = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.50 to 2.59) and higher AUC of HIV-VL (aHR of NHL for highest vs lowest quintile = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.92 to 4.41) were associated with NHL only. Both current and AUC of HIV-VL were factors that had different associations with NHL and HL, where the hazard ratio for NHL was progressively higher than for HL with increasing HIV-VL category. Lower current CD4 cell count had a strong but similar association with both NHL and HL. Conclusions CD4 depletion increased risk of both types of lymphomas while current and accumulated HIV-VL was associated with NHL only. This suggests that NHL development is related to both CD4 cell depletion and added immune dysfunction derived from ongoing HIV replication. This latter factor was not associated with HL risk.