tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association of Unrecognized Myocardial Infarction With Long-term Outcomes in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Tushar Acharya, Thor Aspelund, Torfi F. Jonasson, Erik B. Schelbert, Jane J. Cao, Bharath Sathya, Christopher K. Dyke, Anthony H. Aletras, Sigurdur Sigurdsson, Gudmundur Thorgeirsson, Gudny Eiriksdottir, Tamara Harris, Lenore J. Launer, Vilmundur Gudnason, Andrew E. Arai
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging can identify unrecognized myocardial infarction (UMI) in the general population. Unrecognized myocardial infarction by CMR portends poor prognosis in the short term but, to our knowledge, long-term outcomes are not known. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine the long-term outcomes of UMI by CMR compared with clinically recognized myocardial infarction (RMI) and no myocardial infarction (MI). <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Participants of the population-based, prospectively enrolled ICELAND MI cohort study (aged 67-93 years) were characterized with CMR at baseline (from January 2004-January 2007) and followed up for up to 13.3 years. Kaplan-Meier time-to-event analyses and a Cox regression were used to assess the association of UMI at baseline with death and future cardiovascular events. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were a composite of major adverse cardiac events (MACE: death, nonfatal MI, and heart failure). <h3>Results</h3> Of 935 participants, 452 (48.3%) were men; the mean (SD) age of participants with no MI, UMI, and RMI was 75.6 (5.3) years, 76.8 (5.2) years, and 76.8 (4.7) years, respectively. At 3 years, UMI and no MI mortality rates were similar (3%) and lower than RMI rates (9%). At 5 years, UMI mortality rates (13%) increased and were higher than no MI rates (8%) but still lower than RMI rates (19%). By 10 years, UMI and RMI mortality rates (49% and 51%, respectively) were not statistically different; both were significantly higher than no MI (30%) (<i>P</i> &lt; .001). After adjusting for age, sex, and diabetes, UMI by CMR had an increased risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 1.61; 95% CI, 1.27-2.04), MACE (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.26-1.93), MI (HR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.45-3.03), and heart failure (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.09-2.14) compared with no MI and statistically nondifferent risk of death (HR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.71-1.38) and MACE (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.91-1.66) vs RMI. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this study, all-cause mortality of UMI was higher than no MI, but within 10 years from baseline evaluation was equivalent with RMI. Unrecognized MI was also associated with an elevated risk of nonfatal MI and heart failure. Whether secondary prevention can alter the prognosis of UMI will require prospective testing.
A Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Can Identify Patients With GAD65 Autoantibody–Positive Type 2 Diabetes Who Rapidly Progress to Insulin Therapy
Authors: Anita L. Grubb, Timothy J. McDonald, Femke Rutters, Louise A. Donnelly, Andrew T. Hattersley, Richard A. Oram, Colin N.A. Palmer, Amber A. van der Heijden, Fiona Carr, Petra J.M. Elders, Mike N. Weedon, Roderick C. Slieker, Leen M. ’t Hart, Ewan R. Pearson, Beverley M. Shields, Angus G. Jones
Journal: Diabetes Care (2018)

OBJECTIVE Progression to insulin therapy in clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes is highly variable. GAD65 autoantibodies (GADA) are associated with faster progression, but their predictive value is limited. We aimed to determine if a type 1 diabetes genetic risk score (T1D GRS) could predict rapid progression to insulin treatment over and above GADA testing. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We examined the relationship between T1D GRS, GADA (negative or positive), and rapid insulin requirement (within 5 years) using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression in 8,608 participants with clinical type 2 diabetes (onset &amp;gt;35 years and treated without insulin for ≥6 months). T1D GRS was both analyzed continuously (as standardized scores) and categorized based on previously reported centiles of a population with type 1 diabetes (&amp;lt;5th [low], 5th–50th [medium], and &amp;gt;50th [high]). RESULTS In GADA-positive participants (3.3%), those with higher T1D GRS progressed to insulin more quickly: probability of insulin requirement at 5 years (95% CI): 47.9% (35.0%, 62.78%) (high T1D GRS) vs. 27.6% (20.5%, 36.5%) (medium T1D GRS) vs. 17.6% (11.2%, 27.2%) (low T1D GRS); P = 0.001. In contrast, T1D GRS did not predict rapid insulin requirement in GADA-negative participants (P = 0.4). In Cox regression analysis with adjustment for age of diagnosis, BMI, and cohort, T1D GRS was independently associated with time to insulin only in the presence of GADA: hazard ratio per SD increase was 1.48 (1.15, 1.90); P = 0.002. CONCLUSIONS A T1D GRS alters the clinical implications of a positive GADA test in patients with clinical type 2 diabetes and is independent of and additive to clinical features.
Long term treatment outcome of patients with refractory or relapsed Hodgkin’s lymphoma in the anthracycline era: A single-center intention-to-treat analysis
Authors: T.I. Bogatyreva, A.Y. Terekhova, S.S. Shklyaev, V.V. Pavlov, N.A. Falaleeva
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Defining the Value of Treatments of Rare Pediatric Conditions
Authors: Lisa A. Prosser
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Tackling antimicrobial resistance should be “top five” priority for UK government, MPs urge
Authors: Adrian O’Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Modern medicine will effectively be lost if the government fails to take concrete action within six months to tackle antimicrobial resistance, MPs have warned.

In a report on antimicrobial resistance published on 22 October,1 the parliamentary health and social care committee said that the government must make the issue a “top five policy priority” and must urgently improve the market for drug companies to focus on developing and introducing new antibiotics.

“Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a grave threat to health,” the committee warned. “Quite simply, if action is not taken to address this growing threat, we are told that modern medicine will be lost. By 2050 it is …
MPs call for 10 year social care plan to match the imminent NHS long term plan
Authors: Adrian O'Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2018)

The government should produce a 10 year, fully costed plan for social care to run alongside the imminent NHS long term plan due out before the end of the year, say MPs on an influential committee.

Despite around 20 years of efforts to ensure closer integration of health and social care, the two areas were still too disparate and lacking in coordination of services, said MPs on the Public Accounts Committee.

In a report1 on the interface between health and adult social care, the committee said that the government still lacked an effective overall strategy to achieve effective integration of the two sectors.

It was broadly accepted that integration and joint working was the right way forward for the health and social care systems in order to …
The Forgotten Lipids: Triglycerides, Remnant Cholesterol, and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk
Authors: Pratik B Sandesara, Salim S Virani, Sergio Fazio, Michael D Shapiro
Journal: Endocrine Reviews (2018)

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a well-established mediator of atherosclerosis and a key target for intervention for the primary and secondary prevention of ASCVD. However, despite substantial reduction in LDL-C, patients continue to have recurrent ASCVD events. Hypertriglyceridemia may be an important contributor of this residual risk. Observational and genetic epidemiological data strongly support a causal role of triglycerides (TGs) and the cholesterol content within triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) and/or remnant cholesterol (RC) in the development of ASCVD. TGRLs are composed of hepatically derived very low-density lipoprotein and intestinally derived chylomicrons. RC is the cholesterol content of all TGRLs and plasma TGs serve as a surrogate measure of TGRLs and RC. Although lifestyle modification remains the cornerstone for management of hypertriglyceridemia, many novel drugs are in development and have shown impressive efficacy in lowering TG levels. Several ongoing, randomized controlled trials are underway to examine the impact of these novel agents on ASCVD outcomes. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of the biology, epidemiology, and genetics of TGs and ASCVD; we discuss current and novel TG-lowering therapies under development.
GW29-e1740 Time Trends Regarding the Etiology of Renal Artery Stenosis: 18 Years’ Experience from the China Center for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Hong liang Xiong, Meng Peng, Wuqiang Che, Hui Dong, Yang Chen, Yubao Zou, Runlin Gao, Lisheng Liu, Xiong jing Jiang
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Chinese government fines vaccine company £1bn for string of violations
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Chinese authorities have imposed an unprecedented fine of ¥9.1bn (£1bn, €1.14bn) on one of the country’s biggest vaccine makers and removed its permit to produce drugs in an effort to reassure the public, after a defective rabies vaccine set Chinese social media ablaze this summer.1

The hashtag #Changsheng vaccine case# was viewed over 470 million times in two weeks in July after news emerged that 15 people had been detained following a surprise inspection of the facilities of Changchun Changsheng Life Sciences. Among them was the company’s chairwoman and owner, Gao Junfang.

The government’s action was accompanied by widespread censorship of online and media criticism, the arrest of activists, and apparent intimidation of parents who said their children had suffered vaccine injury.

Announcing the fine, China’s National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) said that the company had mixed different vaccine batches then given them fake batch …
Precision Psychiatry—Yes, But Precisely What?—Reply
Authors: Jordan W. Smoller, Murray B. Stein
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Physical activity: the key to cardiometabolic risk reduction in obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Monique Mendelson, Patrice Flore
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder, with recent estimates reporting prevalence ranging between 3% and 17% for moderate-severe OSA depending on age and sex [1]. Physical activity is a pivotal variable for cardiometabolic risk reduction in obstructive sleep apnoea <http://ow.ly/QJeO30lZHvq>
Abstract B04: The effects of saliva exosome-like extracellular vesicles from locally advanced OSCC patients on OSCC cell lines
Authors: Karina A. Bispo, Fabyane O.T. Garcia, Tárcia A.C.B. Carvalho, Milena P. Mak, Gilberto de Castro, Fatima S. Pasini
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Microvesicles (MV) and exosomes (Ex) are extracellular vesicles (EV) differentiated by size and biogenesis pathway but sharing similar mechanisms of released and fusion with recipient cells. The EVs' tumor cellular derived are implicated in mediating interactions with the cellular environment and are rich sources of biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis, prognosis, and tumor monitoring. In this work we analyzed the effects of EVs like-exosomes derived from cell-free saliva of locally advanced and unresectable oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) patients at different stages of disease progression: treatment naive (G1), after treatment and disease free for at least 2 years (G3), and healthy volunteers (G0). EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (MET) and Nanosight quantification. The EVs effects on proliferation and migration upon SCC-4 and SCC-25 cell lines were investigated by MTT and scratch-wound assays. EVs exosomes-like were detected in saliva of all groups analyzed without differences in quantity and size distribution. The motility of the SCC-4 cell line was significantly modulated by the vesicles of the different groups analyzed after 12 h of treatment (P&amp;lt;0.05 – ANOVA test). Both SCC-4 and SCC-25 showed similar sensitivity to cisplatin and the addition of EVs apparently decreased this sensitivity. Our preliminary data showed a possible effect of the EVs from OSCC saliva patients on the motility and sensitivity to cisplatin of the oral cell lines. Supported by Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa (FAPESP 2013/253970). Citation Format: Karina A. Bispo, Fabyane O.T. Garcia, Tárcia A.C.B. Carvalho, Milena P. Mak, Gilberto de Castro Jr, Fatima S. Pasini. The effects of saliva exosome-like extracellular vesicles from locally advanced OSCC patients on OSCC cell lines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR International Conference held in cooperation with the Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG) on Translational Cancer Medicine; May 4-6, 2017; São Paulo, Brazil. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(1_Suppl):Abstract nr B04.
Prognostic Value of Volumetric Parameters of Pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT in Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Sangwon Han, Yeon Joo Kim, Sungmin Woo, Chong Hyun Suh, Jong Jin Lee
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prognostic value of metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) derived from pretreatment F-FDG PET/CT in patients with esophageal cancer.PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched until April 12, 2018, for studies that evaluated MTV or TLG as prognostic factors in esophageal cancer, with overall survival (OS) and event-free survival serving as the end points. Hazard ratios (HRs) were meta-analytically pooled using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses based on the clinicopathological and PET variables were performed.In total, 16 studies with 1294 patients were included. The pooled HRs of MTV and TLG for OS were 2.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.73-2.96) and 2.23 (95% CI, 1.73-2.87), respectively. Regarding event-free survival, the pooled HRs of MTV and TLG were 2.03 (95% CI, 1.66-2.49) and 2.57 (95% CI, 1.82-3.62), respectively. Metabolic tumor volume was found to be a significant prognostic factor for OS consistently across multiple subgroups classified based on stage, histological subtype, treatment, delineation of volume of interest, and the determination method of cutoff value, with pooled HRs ranging from 1.96 to 2.54.In patients with esophageal cancer, MTV and TLG derived from pretreatment F-FDG PET are significant prognostic factors. As prognostic biomarkers, volumetric metabolic parameters may bolster the role of F-FDG PET in the management of esophageal cancer.
GW29-e0190 The Protective Effects and Mechanism of Total Flavonoids of Propolis on Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure in Mice
Authors: Tianzhu He, Xin Sui, Wenrui Sun, Ping Yang, Dianjun Sui, Hongtao Cui, Weinan Wang, Xin Wang, Yan Liu, Guangwei Sun
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
GW29-e1984 OCT-guided vs Angiography-guided primary PCI in patients with STEMI—A propensity-matched analysis of EROSION study cohort
Authors: Haibo Jia, Chunyang Zhe, Sining Hu, Chen Zhao, Lulu Li, Ni Yi, Jingbo Hou, Bo Yu, Bo Yu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Biological, Legal, and Moral Definitions of Brain Death
Authors: Brian Dewar, Mark Fedyk, Michel C. F. Shamy
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Integration of oncology and palliative care: a Lancet Oncology Commission
Authors: Stein Kaasa, Jon H Loge, Matti Aapro, Tit Albreht, Rebecca Anderson, Eduardo Bruera, Cinzia Brunelli, Augusto Caraceni, Andrés Cervantes, David C Currow, Luc Deliens, Marie Fallon, Xavier Gómez-Batiste, Kjersti S Grotmol, Breffni Hannon, Dagny F Haugen, Irene J Higginson, Marianne J Hjermstad, David Hui, Karin Jordan, Geana P Kurita, Philip J Larkin, Guido Miccinesi, Friedemann Nauck, Rade Pribakovic, Gary Rodin, Per Sjøgren, Patrick Stone, Camilla Zimmermann, Tonje Lundeby
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2018)
Patient organisation-led initiatives can play an important role in raising awareness about Raynaud’s phenomenon and encourage earlier healthcare utilisation for high-risk groups
Authors: Michael Hughes, Amy Baker, Sue Farrington, John D Pauling
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) manifests as episodic vasospasm of the extremities (hands and feet) in response to cold exposure. RP can be primary (idiopathic) or secondary to underlying disease such as systemic sclerosis (SSc). Attacks of RP are often associated with digital colour changes reflecting local tissue perfusion and oxygenation. RP results in pain, numbness, impaired function and reduced quality of life.1 2 The obliterative vasculopathy of SSc can result in digital ulceration. Diagnostic delay of secondary RP remains a major unmet need. The time between the onset of RP and emergence of the first non-RP symptom can be over 5 years.3 This contributes to delay in diagnosis; with >25% of women not diagnosed with SSc for 10 years after the emergence of RP.4 

Against this background, Scleroderma Raynaud’s UK (SRUK) led an initiative to devise …
Hyperprogression during immuno-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs): A clinically significant problem?
Authors: E. Farè, S. Sdao, S. Damian, S. Cresta, M. Del Vecchio, M. Di Bartolomeo, L.A. Di Guardo, M. Duca, A. Indini, A. Necchi, M. Niger, M. Prisciandaro, G. Procopio, D. Raggi, E. Verzoni, G. Pruneri, M. Di Nicola, F.G.M. de Braud
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Pattern Recognition Receptor Polymorphisms as Predictors of Oxaliplatin Benefit in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Victoria Gray, Sarah Briggs, Claire Palles, Emma Jaeger, Timothy Iveson, Rachel Kerr, Mark P Saunders, James Paul, Andrea Harkin, John McQueen, Matthew G Summers, Elaine Johnstone, Haitao Wang, Laura Gatcombe, Timothy S Maughan, Richard Kaplan, Valentina Escott-Price, Nada A Al-Tassan, Brian F Meyer, Salma M Wakil, Richard S Houlston, Jeremy P Cheadle, Ian Tomlinson, David N Church
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2018)

Constitutional loss of function (LOF) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in pattern recognition receptors FPR1, TLR3, and TLR4 have previously been reported to predict oxaliplatin benefit in colorectal cancer. Confirmation of this association could substantially improve patient stratification.
Apnea–Hypopnea Event Duration Predicts Mortality in Men and Women in the Sleep Heart Health Study
Authors: Matthew P. Butler, Jeffery T. Emch, Michael Rueschman, Scott A. Sands, Steven A. Shea, Andrew Wellman, Susan Redline
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2018)

Rationale: Obstructive sleep apnea is a risk factor for mortality, but its diagnostic metric—the apnea–hypopnea index—is a poor risk predictor. The apnea–hypopnea index does not capture the range of physiological variability within and between patients, such as degree of hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation, that reflect differences in pathophysiological contributions of airway collapsibility, chemoreceptive negative feedback loop gain, and arousal threshold.Objectives: To test whether respiratory event duration, a heritable sleep apnea trait reflective of arousal threshold, predicts all-cause mortality.Methods: Mortality risk as a function of event duration was estimated by Cox proportional hazards in the Sleep Heart Health Study, a prospective community-based cohort. Gender-specific hazard ratios were also calculated.Measurements and Main Results: Among 5,712 participants, 1,290 deaths occurred over 11 years of follow-up. After adjusting for demographic factors (mean age, 63 yr; 52% female), apnea–hypopnea index (mean, 13.8; SD, 15.0), smoking, and prevalent cardiometabolic disease, individuals with the shortest-duration events had a significant hazard ratio for all-cause mortality of 1.31 (95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.54). This relationship was observed in both men and women and was strongest in those with moderate sleep apnea (hazard ratio, 1.59; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–2.28).Conclusions: Short respiratory event duration, a marker for low arousal threshold, predicts mortality in men and women. Individuals with shorter respiratory events may be predisposed to increased ventilatory instability and/or have augmented autonomic nervous system responses that increase the likelihood of adverse health outcomes, underscoring the importance of assessing physiological variation in obstructive sleep apnea.