tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
GW29-e1198 The safety and efficacy of Second generation cryoballoon ablation plus catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis
Authors: Mengjiao Shao, Luxiang Shang, Baopeng Tang, Jia Shi, Yang Zhao, Ling Zhang, Yaodong Li, Wenhui Zhang, Wenkui Lv, Xianhui Zhou
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Principles for provision of integrated complex care for children across the acute–community interface in Europe
Authors: Maria Brenner, Miriam P O'Shea, Rebecca McHugh, Anne Clancy, Philip Larkin, Daniela Luzi, Fabrizio Pecoraro, Elena Montañana Olaso, Sapfo Lignou, Manna Alma, Rose-Marie Satherley, Oscar Tamburis, Austin Warters, Ingrid Wolfe, Carol Hilliard, Jay Berry, Denise Alexander, Michael Rigby, Mitch Blair
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2018)
Prognostic Value of Intravascular Ultrasound in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Anne-Sophie Schuurman, Maxime M. Vroegindewey, Isabella Kardys, Rohit M. Oemrawsingh, Hector M. Garcia-Garcia, Robert-Jan van Geuns, Evelyn Regar, Nicolas M. Van Mieghem, Jurgen Ligthart, Patrick W. Serruys, Eric Boersma, K. Martijn Akkerhuis
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
It Is Past Time to Think More Inclusively About “Deaths of Despair”
Authors: Andrew D. Plunk, Richard A. Grucza, Stephanie L. Peglow
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2018)

Social class has played a role in the “deaths of despair” driving the contraction in white life spans that Blacksher discusses (Blacksher 2018). However, it seems that Blacksher has likely mischara...
Pan-squamous genomic profiling stratified by anatomic tumor site and viral association
Authors: M. Montesion, C.H. Chung, E.S. Sokol, S.A. Khan, H. Kang, L.A. Albacker, J.M. Johnson, G.M. Frampton, V.A. Miller, J.S. Ross, S.M. Ali
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Thymic localization of erythrodermic cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: P. Bonnet, M. Battistella, J.‐D. Bouaziz, C. Ram‐Wolff, L. Frumholtz, F. Herms, G. Clerc, A. Bonhomme, P. Brice, M. Bagot, A. Masson
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)
Efficacy and Safety of Atacicept in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Joan T. Merrill, Daniel J. Wallace, Stephen Wax, Amy Kao, Patricia A. Fraser, Peter Chang, David Isenberg
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2017)

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of atacicept, an antagonist of B lymphocyte stimulator/ APRIL –mediated B cell activation, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE ). Methods ADDRESS II is a 24‐week, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐arm, phase II b study evaluating the safety and efficacy of atacicept in patients with SLE (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT 01972568). Patients with active, autoantibody‐positive SLE receiving standard therapy were randomized (1:1:1) to receive atacicept (75 mg or 150 mg) or placebo for 24 weeks. The primary end point was the SLE responder index 4 ( SRI ‐4) at week 24. Results The intent‐to‐treat ( ITT ) population included 306 patients. There was a trend toward an improved SRI ‐4 response rate with atacicept 75 mg (57.8%; adjusted odds ratio [ OR ] 1.78, P = 0.045) and 150 mg (53.8%; adjusted OR 1.56, P = 0.121) at week 24 as compared with placebo (44.0%) (primary analysis; using the screening visit as baseline). In a prespecified sensitivity analysis using study day 1 as baseline, a significantly larger proportion of patients receiving atacicept 75 mg and 150 mg achieved an SRI ‐4 response at week 24 compared with placebo. In predefined subpopulations with high levels of disease activity ( HDA ) at baseline, serologically active disease, or both, statistically significant improvements in the SRI ‐4 and SRI ‐6 response rates were seen with atacicept versus placebo. A severe risk of disease flare was reduced with atacicept therapy in both the ITT and the HDA populations. The risks of serious adverse events and serious or severe infection were not increased with atacicept as compared with placebo. Conclusion Atacicept treatment showed evidence of efficacy in SLE , particularly in HDA and serologically active patients. Reductions in disease activity and severe flare were observed with atacicept treatment, with an acceptable safety profile.
Abstract 13933: Comparison of First-Generation and Second-Generation Drug Eluting Stents in Real-World Acute Coronary Syndrome Population - Data from Zabrze-Katowice Registry
Authors: Damian Kawecki, Beata Morawiec, Janusz Dola, Wojciech Wanha, Aleksandra Pluta, Karol Marcinkiewicz, Andrzej Ochala, Michal Tendera, Ewa Nowalany-Kozielska, Wojciech Wojakowski
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Purpose: To assess the safety and efficacy of 1st generation versus 2nd generation drug eluting stents (DES) in the real-world population of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Methods: The study included patients with ACS treated with either 1st generation (paclitaxel, sirolimus) or 2nd generation (everolimus, zotarolimus, biolimus) DES. The efficacy was determined by major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular event (MACCE) at 1 year and included death, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization and stroke. The safety was defined as stent thrombosis (ST) at 1 year. Results: In the Registry, ACS was diagnosed in 1328 patients: 131 STEMI (9.9%), 285 NSTEMI (21.4%) and 912 UA (68.7%). Of them, 426 patients were treated with 1st generation DES and 902 patients with 2nd generation DES. Groups were similar regarding clinical characteristics. The ACC/AHA lesion type was equal and the Syntax score was significantly higher in 1st generation DES (p<0.001), and was <22 in both groups. No difference in the occurrenc...
Taking a Dive
Authors: Jane A. Bailey
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 11878: Physiologic Changes Induced by Cardiac Rehabilitation in Post Myocardial Infarction Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Irene Kirolos, Fiorella Pendola, Omar Picado-Roque, Sharon Andrade-Bucknor, Sandra Chaparro, Carlos E Alfonso, Mauricio G Cohen
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: A meta-analysis to evaluate the physiologic changes associated with Cardiac Rehabilitation (CR) in post myocardial infarction (MI) patients was conducted. Hypothesis: CR is a non-pharmacological intervention associated with improved outcomes after MI Methods: We performed an online database search of PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, COCHRANE, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR (1988 - Present); and reviewed key bibliographies. Studies comparing post MI patients according to CR referral were included. Relative risks with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) by random effects models of pooled data were calculated. Study quality was assessed using STROBE criteria. Outcomes of interest measured after conclusion of CR, these included resting and maximum heart rate (HR), Peak VO2, ejection fraction (EF), wall motion score index (WMSI), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) Results: Of 147 studies searched, 23 studies met our selection criteria, 19 of which were randomized clinical trials, including 1683 patients (827 referred to CR vs 855 not enrolled in CR). Median age was 58 years. There were no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age, comorbidities, severity, baseline EF or HR. CR patients had significantly lower post-exercise resting HR (RR:-0.72, CI:-0.87 to -0.56; p&lt;0.05), higher EF (RR:0.14, CI:0.04-0.25, p&lt;0.05), lower LVEDD (RR: -0.31, CI:-059,-0.02;p &lt;0.05), lower WMSI (RR:-0.33, CI:-0.62, -0.05; p&lt;0.05), and higher peak VO2 (RR:1.00, CI:0.56 - 1.45; p&lt;0.05) Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrates that CR is associated with positive physiologic changes post MI. This may explain the reported improvement of functional status and decreased mortality among patients referred to CR. Further randomized trials may help evaluate the long term benefits of CR
Abstract 20196: Gender Differences in Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Parijat S Joy, Rakesh Gopinathannair, Gagan Kumar, Brian Olshansky
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Catheter ablation procedures are utilized for rhythm control of atrial fibrillation (AF) but the utilization of this procedure based on gender remains uncertain. Purpose: We investiga...
Infographic: The need for a global healthy living medicine strategy
Authors: Ross Arena, Bruno Paula Caraça Smirmaul
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2018)

Leading an unhealthy lifestyle, specifically being physically inactive, consuming foods with low nutritional value, smoking and maintaining excess body mass, begets a substantially higher risk for a myriad of chronic diseases [eg, cardiovascular disease (CVD)] , adverse health events (eg, myocardial infarction) and premature mortality.1 From an economic perspective, caring for individuals demonstrating an unhealthy lifestyle phenotype come at a much higher cost, through more frequent hospitalisations, surgeries, pharmacological therapies and so on (figure 1).1 2 Individuals who demonstrate healthy living characteristics have a …
Intranasal Leptin Relieves Sleep-disordered Breathing in Mice with Diet-induced Obesity
Authors: Slava Berger, Huy Pho, Thomaz Fleury-Curado, Shannon Bevans-Fonti, Haris Younas, Mi-Kyung Shin, Jonathan C. Jun, Frederick Anokye-Danso, Rexford S. Ahima, Lynn W. Enquist, David Mendelowitz, Alan R. Schwartz, Vsevolod Y. Polotsky
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2018)

Leptin treats upper airway obstruction and alveolar hypoventilation in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. However, obese humans and mice with diet-induced obesity (DIO) are resistant to leptin because of poor permeability of the blood-brain barrier. We propose that intranasal leptin will bypass leptin resistance and treat sleep-disordered breathing in obesity.To assess if intranasal leptin can treat obesity hypoventilation and upper airway obstruction during sleep in mice with DIO.Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. A single dose of leptin (0.4 mg/kg) or BSA (vehicle) were administered intranasally or intraperitoneally, followed by either sleep studies (n = 10) or energy expenditure measurements (n = 10). A subset of mice was treated with leptin daily for 14 days for metabolic outcomes (n = 20). In a separate experiment, retrograde viral tracers were used to examine connections between leptin receptors and respiratory motoneurons.Acute intranasal, but not intraperitoneal, leptin decreased the number of oxygen desaturation events in REM sleep, and increased ventilation in non-REM and REM sleep, independently of metabolic effects. Chronic intranasal leptin decreased food intake and body weight, whereas intraperitoneal leptin had no effect. Intranasal leptin induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation in hypothalamic and medullary centers, whereas intraperitoneal leptin had no effect. Leptin receptor-positive cells were synaptically connected to respiratory motoneurons.In mice with DIO, intranasal leptin bypassed leptin resistance and significantly attenuated sleep-disordered breathing independently of body weight.
Medical institute withdraws peer’s invitation over “allegations of anti-Semitic sentiment”
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2018)

The Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine rescinded an invitation to the life peer Jenny Tonge to be a panellist earlier this month at a meeting on maternal health because of “allegations of anti-Semitic sentiment.”

The event, which took place at the Wellcome Collection in London on 4 October, was part of the Liverpool institution’s B!RTH Project, which uses theatre to raise awareness and provoke debate on global inequality in maternal healthcare. It included two specially commissioned plays about the burden of obstetric fistula in Kenya and the realities of pregnancy and childbirth through conflict, and panellists discussed the issues raised.

Two weeks before the event Tonge received a letter from Janet Hemingway, director of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, saying that her invitation was being withdrawn because “a number of issues of concern” had been raised through the school’s due diligence …
Association of Mechanical Bowel Preparation and Oral Antibiotics Before Elective Colorectal Surgery With Surgical Site Infection
Authors: James W. T. Toh, Kevin Phan, Kerry Hitos, Nimalan Pathma-Nathan, Toufic El-Khoury, Arthur J. Richardson, Gary Morgan, Alexander Engel, Grahame Ctercteko
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> There has been a resurgence of interest in the use of mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) and oral antibiotics (OAB) before elective colorectal surgery. Until now, clinical trials and meta-analyses have not compared all 4 approaches (MBP with OAB, OAB only, MBP only, or no preparation) simultaneously. <h3>Objective</h3> To perform a network meta-analysis to clarify which approach in colorectal surgery is associated with the lowest rate of surgical site infection (SSI). <h3>Data Sources</h3> Five electronic databases were searched, including PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ACP Journal Club. and Database of Abstracts of Review of Effectiveness from database inception to November 27, 2017. <h3>Study Selection</h3> Only data from randomized clinical trials were included. Inclusion criteria were RCTs that reported on SSI rates or other complications based on MBP or OAB status. Quality of studies was appraised by the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. <h3>Data Extraction and Synthesis</h3> The study was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Total, incisional, and organ/space SSI rates. Secondary outcomes included rates of anastomotic leak, mortality, readmissions/reoperations, urinary tract infection, and pulmonary complications. <h3>Results</h3> Thirty-eight randomized clinical trials among 8458 patients (52.1% male) were included, providing 4 direct comparisons and 2 indirect comparisons for 8 outcome measures. On Bayesian analysis, MBP with OAB vs MBP only was associated with reduced SSI (odds ratio [OR], 0.71; 95% equal-tail credible interval [CrI], 0.57-0.88). There was no significant difference between MBP with OAB vs OAB only (OR, 0.95; 95% CrI, 0.56-1.62). Oral antibiotics without MBP was not associated with a statistically significant reduction in SSI compared with any other group (except for a risk reduction in organ/space SSI when indirectly compared with no preparation) (OR, 0.13; 95% CrI, 0.02-0.55). There was no difference in SSI between MBP only vs no preparation (OR, 0.84; 95% CrI, 0.69-1.02). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials, MBP with OAB was associated with the lowest risk of SSI. Oral antibiotics only was ranked as second best, but the data available on this approach were limited. There was no difference between MBP only vs no preparation. In addition, there was no difference in rates of anastomotic leak, readmissions, or reoperations between any groups.
Concerns about the promotion of a cardboard baby box as a place for infants to sleep
Authors: Peter S Blair, Anna Pease, Francine Bates, Helen Ball, John M D Thompson, Fern R Hauck, Rachel Moon, Betty McEntire, Anat Shatz, Marta Cohen, Trina C Salm Ward, Peter Fleming
Journal: BMJ (2018)

The successful reduction in cot deaths (sudden infant death syndrome or SIDS) in England and Wales from nearly 1600 deaths in 1988 to less than 200 in 2015 stems from evidence based research.1 Results from case-control studies internationally form the basis for infant sleep recommendations. We are, therefore, concerned that cardboard boxes are being promoted for infant sleep, as a safe alternative to the more traditional cots, bassinets, or Moses baskets, without any observational evidence in place.23 The cardboard baby box is based on a Finnish tradition of giving pregnant women a box full of free infant care items—including a mattress that fits into the bottom of the box as a makeshift infant sleeping environment—as an incentive to enter prenatal care early. It was one component of a drive towards reducing health inequalities, recognising the privations of the Finnish population after the second world war. Any government or charity that is willing to provide a box full of free unbranded infant care items should be applauded, but we have three concerns: the scarcity of observational evidence that the cardboard baby box can be used safely (and no evidence that it reduces SIDS), the lack of safety standard regulations in place, …
Association of Continuation of Statin Therapy Initiated Before Transition to Chronic Dialysis Therapy With Mortality After Dialysis Initiation
Authors: Elani Streja, Elvira O. Gosmanova, Miklos Z. Molnar, Melissa Soohoo, Hamid Moradi, Praveen K. Potukuchi, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Csaba P. Kovesdy
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> De novo statin therapy in patients receiving chronic dialysis has failed to demonstrate cardiovascular (CV) protection in randomized clinical trials and thus is not recommended by current guidelines. However, current guidelines recommend the continuation of statin therapy if initiated before transition to dialysis. <h3>Objective</h3> To investigate whether the continuation of statins from advanced chronic kidney disease into the dialysis therapy period is associated with improved survival. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Retrospective cohort study of US veterans transitioning to dialysis between October 1, 2007, and March 30, 2014. Participants were 14 298 US veterans who were receiving statins during the 12-month period before transition to dialysis and survived the first year of dialysis. Data analysis was conducted between August 2, 2017, and June 28, 2018. <h3>Exposures</h3> Patients were characterized as statin continuers (n = 11 936) if statin therapy was continued for at least 6 months during the first year after dialysis initiation and as statin discontinuers (n = 2362) if therapy with statins was stopped or no statin therapy was received in the year posttransition. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Associations of statin continuation with 12-month all-cause mortality and CV mortality after 1 year of dialysis initiation were examined using Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for demographics and comorbidities. <h3>Results</h3> The mean (SD) age of the cohort was 71 (10) years; the cohort was 96.7% (n = 13 828) male and 21.3% (n = 3043) African American, and 74.6% (n = 10 627) had diabetes. The 12-month all-cause mortality and CV mortality rates after 1 year of transition to dialysis were lower in statin continuers: deaths per 100 person-years were 21.9 (95% CI, 20.9-22.8) and 8.1 (95% CI, 7.5-8.6) in statin continuers vs 30.3 (95% CI, 27.8-32.8) and 9.8 (95% CI, 8.3-11.2) in statin discontinuers. Moreover, lower all-cause mortality and CV mortality risks with statin continuation persisted in adjusted analyses, with hazard ratios of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.66-0.79) and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.69-0.96), respectively. Associations were similar across subgroups, including age, race, and diabetes status. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this study, the continuation of statin therapy after transition to dialysis was associated with reduced all-cause mortality and CV mortality. The study findings suggest that future studies are needed to examine potential CV benefits of continuing statin therapy after dialysis initiation.
Early Reduction in ctDNA Predicts Survival in Patients with Lung and Bladder Cancer Treated with Durvalumab
Authors: Rajiv Raja, Michael Kuziora, Philip Z. Brohawn, Brandon W. Higgs, Ashok Gupta, Phillip A. Dennis, Koustubh Ranade
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Immunotherapy has transformed the treatment of many solid tumors, with some patients deriving long-term benefit, but how to identify such patients remains unclear. Somatic mutations detected in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from plasma can be an indicator of disease progression, response to therapy, and clonality of primary and metastatic lesions. Hence, ctDNA analysis can provide a valuable noninvasive and tumor-specific marker for longitudinal monitoring of tumor burden. We explored the use of ctDNA to predict survival on durvalumab, an anti-PD-L1 therapy.Variant allele frequencies (VAF) of somatic mutations in 73 genes were assessed in ctDNA using targeted sequencing in a discovery cohort consisting of 28 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and two validation NSCLC and urothelial cancer (UC) cohorts of 72 and 29 patients, respectively, to correlate ctDNA changes with clinical outcomes.Somatic variants were detected in 96% of patients. Changes in VAF preceded radiographic responses, and patients with reduction in VAF at 6 weeks had significantly greater reduction in tumor volume, with longer progression-free and overall survival.ctDNA VAF changes are strongly correlated with duration of treatment, antitumor activity, and clinical outcomes in NSCLC and UC. Early on-treatment reduction in ctDNA VAF may be a useful predictor of long-term benefit from immunotherapy. Prospective studies should validate these findings and the value of utilizing early changes in ctDNA for therapeutic decision making by identifying nonresponders to checkpoint inhibitor monotherapies and guiding combination therapies.