tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of a non-coplanar half-beam block on the lower spinal field to decrease the maximum bowel and cumulative dose in craniospinal irradiation.
Authors: Madeera Kathpal, Rihan Davis
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

2039 Background: To develop and compare a non-coplanar half beam block technique that can be used in both prone and supine treatment positions with conventional beam matching for craniospinal irradiation (CSI) in order to decrease the maximum cumulative dose and dose to the bowel, while maintaining the therapeutic dose to the spinal axis. Methods: Ten treatment plans from five patients who underwent CSI were analyzed. The bowel was contoured en bloc for each patient on their simulation cat scan. Two different geometric techniques for each patient were planned and analyzed. The first technique consisted of the conventional method for CSI utilizing two coplanar beams to cover the entire spinal axis. The other technique used a non-coplanar half beam block on the lower spinal beam to exactly match the upper spinal beam’s divergence. Four “featherings” between the two spinal beams for each technique were still necessary to minimize under and overdosing which occur at abutting beam fields. Maximum doses for the plan and the bowel were compared between the two techniques on the same patient. Results: The maximum bowel dose was decreased between 10 to 35 percent when the non-coplanar half beam block was used. The maximum doses for the conventional technique were 5 to 35 percent higher than the plans using a non-coplanar half beam block. The homogeneity of the dose to the spinal axis was not altered with the use of the non-coplanar half beam block. Conclusions: Use of a non-coplanar half beam block to match the two spinal fields in craniospinal irradiation significantly reduces the maximum dose to the bowel and of the entire plan possibly resulting in reduced gastrointestinal toxicity while maintaining therapeutic dose to the spinal axis.
Evaluating Health Technology Through Pragmatic Trials
Authors: Eric D. Peterson, Robert A. Harrington
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Tropism, replication competence, and innate immune responses of influenza virus: an analysis of human airway organoids and ex-vivo bronchus cultures
Authors: Kenrie P Y Hui, Rachel H H Ching, Stan K H Chan, John M Nicholls, Norman Sachs, Hans Clevers, J S Malik Peiris, Michael C W Chan
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2018)
First-line pemetrexed plus cisplatin followed by maintenance pemetrexed versus carboplatin-paclitaxel plus bevacizumab followed by maintenance bevacizumab (ERACLE) in advanced nonsquamous NSCLC: A quality-of-life-oriented, multicenter randomized phase III trial of the GOIM (Gruppo Oncologico Italia Meridionale).
Authors: Domenico Galetta, Salvatore Pisconti, Saverio Cinieri, Vittorio Gebbia, Alessandro Morabito, Nicolo Borsellino, Evaristo Maiello, Antonio Febbraro, Annamaria Catino, Pietro Rizzo, Michele Montrone, Giovanni Simone, Vito Lorusso, Daniele Rizzi, Giovanni L. Pappagallo, Giuseppe Colucci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

8071 Background: In absence of oncogenic driver chemotherapy (CT) for advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NS-NSCLC) remains palliative with similar efficacy and survival among different regimens. Histotype, maintenance therapy (m) and quality of life (QoL) have been explored to improve patients (pts) outcome. ERACLE trial (NCT01303926), a QoL-oriented phase III trial was designed to compare the QoL for two CT regimens. Methods: Pts with stage IIIB/IV NS-NSCLC (ECOG 0/1) were randomized (1:1) to receive first-line CT. ARM A received 6 cycles of Cisplatin (C) (75 mg/m 2 ) - Pemetrexed (P) (500 mg/m 2 ) q3w, followed by mP (500 mg/m 2 ) while ARM B received Carboplatin (Cb) AUC 6 - Paclitaxel (T) 200 mg/m 2 plus Bevacizumab (Be) 15 mg/kg q3w for 6 cycles and mBe 15 mg/kg. Both treatments were administered until progression, unacceptable toxicity or death. Stratification was based on Study Centre and disease stage. Co-Primary endpoints were EQ5D Index (EQ5D-I) and EQ5D-VAS (Euro-QoL questionnaire) at 12 weeks during m. Secondary endpoints were QoL over time, activity and safety of CT arms. A sample of 49 pts per arm (not progressed during initial CT and during m therapy for at least 12 weeks) will have 91% chance to have 12-point Minimal Interesting Difference (MID) between arms for EQ5D-VAS, and 87% chance to find 0.137 MID between arms for EQ5D-I. It is assumed that about 20% of pts in both arms experienced a PD before to evaluate primary endpoint. The study sample was then increased to 118. Results: From 1/2011 to 3/2012, 118 pts were randomized to CP (n=60) or CbTBe (n=58). Baseline demographics were well balanced across arms; overall 74% male, 79% PS 0 and 94% stage IV. Treatment differences (mean change from baseline), EQ5D-VAS = 1.82 (95%CI -8.60 to 12.24; P=0.73), EQ5D-I = 0.15 (95%CI 0.01 to 0.29), favoured arm A. Conclusions: CP-mP showed better (over the MID) health profile (EQ5D-I) at 12 weeks as compared to CbBe-mBe. EQ5D-VAS didn’t find any significant difference between treatment arms. Clinical trial information: NCT01303926.
Jeremy Hunt: Farewell to the great survivor
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2018)

So it turns out health wasn’t his “last big job in politics” after all.1

Five years, 10 months, and five days since being appointed to lead the Department of Health for England,2 Jeremy Hunt finally left the building. After a chaotic day in Westminster that saw three ministers resign over the government’s Brexit policy, Hunt was dramatically promoted to replace the departing Boris Johnson as foreign secretary. Matt Hancock, formerly culture secretary, moves to health.3

Hunt was typically emollient in his departing tweet: “Massive wrench for me to leave health—I know some staff haven’t found me the easiest health secretary but the NHS, and particularly patient safety, has become my passion & it really was the greatest privilege of my life to serve for so many years.”4

But what will his lasting legacy be?

When he was appointed in September 2012 Hunt’s immediate task was to keep the NHS off the front pages after the mess caused by his predecessor, Andrew Lansley, with his ill fated Health and Social Care Bill. On this, Hunt largely succeeded, using his political deftness to steer the narrative towards a patient safety agenda after Robert …
Acute hepatitis E in French patients and neurological manifestations
Authors: Florence Abravanel, Julie Pique, Elisabeth Couturier, Florence Nicot, Chloé Dimeglio, Sébastien Lhomme, Julie Chiabrando, Karine Saune, Jean-Marie Péron, Nassim Kamar, Solène Evrard, Henriette de Valk, Pascal Cintas, Jacques Izopet
Journal: Journal of Infection (2018)
The Association of Obesity and Cardiometabolic Traits With Incident HFpEF and HFrEF
Authors: Nazir Savji, Wouter C. Meijers, Traci M. Bartz, Vijeta Bhambhani, Mary Cushman, Matthew Nayor, Jorge R. Kizer, Amy Sarma, Michael J. Blaha, Ron T. Gansevoort, Julius M. Gardin, Hans L. Hillege, Fei Ji, Willem J. Kop, Emily S. Lau, Douglas S. Lee, Ruslan Sadreyev, Wiek H. van Gilst, Thomas J. Wang, Markella V. Zanni, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Norrina B. Allen, Bruce M. Psaty, Pim van der Harst, Daniel Levy, Martin Larson, Sanjiv J. Shah, Rudolf A. de Boer, John S. Gottdiener, Jennifer E. Ho
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2018)
circEPSTI1 as a Prognostic Marker and Mediator of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Bo Chen, Weidong Wei, Xiaojia Huang, Xinhua Xie, Yanan Kong, Danian Dai, Lu Yang, Jin Wang, Hailin Tang, Xiaoming Xie
Journal: Theranostics (2018)

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a class of non-coding RNAs that play a vital role in modulating gene expression and several pathological responses.However, the expression profile and function of circRNAs in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remain unknown.In the current study, we investigated the expression profile of human circRNAs in TNBC tissues and identified circEPSTI1 (hsa_ circRNA_000479) as a significantly upregulated circRNA.Methods: We performed circular RNA microarray assays to screen circular RNA expression profiles of TNBC and further investigated circEPSTI1.We observed the effect of circEPSTI1 on proliferation, clonal formation and apoptosis in TNBC by knocking downcircEPSTI1 in three TNBC cell lines.Based on the MRE analysis and luciferase reporter assay, we found that circEPSTI1 binds to miRNAs as a miRNA sponge and the co-target genes of miRNAs.We performed xenograft experiments in mice to confirm our findings.We evaluated circEPSTI1 levels in 240 TNBC patients by ISH.Results: Knockdown of circEPSTI1 inhibits TNBC cell proliferation and induces apoptosis.In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that circEPSTI1 binds to miR-4753 and miR-6809 as a miRNA sponge to regulate BCL11A expression and affect TNBC proliferation and apoptosis.High levels of circEPSTI1 correlate with reduced survival in TNBC patients.Conclusions: The circEPSTI1-miR-4753/6809-BCL11A axis affect the proliferation and apoptosis of triple-negative breast cancer through the mechanism of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA).In addition, our results identify circEPSTI1 as an independent prognostic marker for survival in patients with TNBC.
Utilidad de la repetición de la cápsula endoscópica
Authors: N Alcaide Suárez, L Fernández Salazar, C Alonso Martín, C García Sánchez, B Velayos Jiménez, R Sánchez-Ocaña, F Santos Santamarta, L Mata, L Julián Gómez, JM González Hernández
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

La cápsula endoscópica (CE) posee un alto valor predictivo negativo. Puede ser necesario repetirla ante sintomatología persistente o seguimiento de enfermedad de Crohn (EC). Objetivo determinar la utilidad de la CE en el diagnóstico y tratamiento tras la repetición de esta.
REMOVAL OF A MIGRATED GASTRIC BAND USING THE SOEHENDRA BILE STONE LITHOTRIPTER
Authors: A Martínez-Alcalá García, PT Kröner, KR Kyanam Kabir Baig, H Neumann, K Mönkemüller
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Laparoscopically placed gastric bands may rarely migrate from outside into the gastric lumen. Usually, open surgery is mandated to remove the migrated band. In addition, there are various endoscopic techniques described to remove a migrated band, but these require expensive or specialized equipment, which is not always readily available. This video demonstrates the steps to remove a migrated gastric band using the Soehendra lithotripter device.
Progress in Applications of Prussian Blue Nanoparticles in Biomedicine
Authors: Zhiguo Qin, Yan Li, Ning Gu
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2018)

Abstract Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) with favorable biocompatibility and unique properties have captured the attention of extensive biomedical researchers. A great progress is made in the application of PBNPs as therapy and diagnostics agents in biomedicine. This review begins with the recent synthetic strategies of PBNPs and the regulatory approaches for their size, shape, and uniformity. Then, according to the different properties of PBNPs, their application in biomedicine is summarized in detail. With modifiable features, PBNPs can be used as drug carriers to improve the therapeutic efficacy. Moreover, the exchangeable protons and adsorbability enable PBNPs to decontaminate the radioactive ions from the body. For biomedical imaging, photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging based on PBNPs are summarized, as well as the strategies to improve the diagnostic effectiveness. The applications related to the photothermal effects and nanoenzyme activities of PBNPs are described. The challenges and critical factors for the clinical translation of PBNPs as multifunctional theranostic agents are also discussed. Finally, the future prospects for the application of PBNPs are considered. The aim of this review is to provide a better understanding and key consideration for rational design of this increasingly important new paradigm of PBNPs as theranostics.
Author Correction: Nociceptor sensory neurons suppress neutrophil and γδ T cell responses in bacterial lung infections and lethal pneumonia
Authors: Pankaj Baral, Benjamin D Umans, Lu Li, Antonia Wallrapp, Meghna Bist, Talia Kirschbaum, Yibing Wei, Yan Zhou, Vijay K Kuchroo, Patrick R Burkett, Bryan G Yipp, Stephen D Liberles, Isaac M Chiu
Journal: Nature Medicine (2018)
Incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review
Authors: Charumathi Sabanayagam, Riswana Banu, Miao Li Chee, Ryan Lee, Ya Xing Wang, Gavin Tan, Jost B Jonas, Ecosse L Lamoureux, Ching-Yu Cheng, Barbara E K Klein, Paul Mitchell, Ronald Klein, C M Gemmy Cheung, Tien Y Wong
Journal: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology (2018)
Rendimiento de las solicitudes de colonoscopia de alta sospecha de cáncer colorrectal desde atención primaria
Authors: C De Zárraga Mata, G Thomás Salom, Á Brotons García, A Vilella Martorell, C Garau Colom, ÁL Maura Oliver, A Puy Guillén, C Dolz Abadía
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

Las peticiones de colonoscopia desde Atención Primaria a la Unidad de Endoscopia del Hospital Son Llàtzer (Palma de Mallorca) desde 2014 están restingidas a la solicitud de colonoscopia por alta sospecha de cáncer colorrectal. Los criterios explicitados en la petición para la solicitud de la misma son la presencia de anemia con sangre oculta en heces positiva, tacto rectal patológico, cambio en el hábito deposicional tras descartar causa farmacológica o dietética o prueba de imagen patológica. Estas solicitudes se priorizan al resto de pruebas endoscópicas solicitadas en nuestro centro.
NON-SURGICAL THERAPY FOR PAIN OF CHRONIC PANCREATITIS IMPROVES EXOCRINE FUNCTION AND BODY MASS INDEX
Authors: CG Pai, MG Kamath, MV Shetty, A Kurien
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Surgery is considered the best option to decrease the pain of chronic pancreatitis (CP). We prospectively evaluated the outcomes of a standardized protocol of non-surgical therapy in patients with pain of CP.
CLINICAL IMPACT OF DIGITAL CHOLANGIOSCOPY IN MANAGEMENT OF INDETERMINATE BILIARY STRICTURES AND COMPLEX BILIARY STONES: A SINGLE CENTER STUDY
Authors: S Yan, S Tejaswi
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

We aimed to study the clinical impact of digital cholangioscopy for the management of indeterminate biliary strictures and complex biliary stones at our tertiary academic center.
Trends in Rates of Lower Extremity Amputation Among Patients With End-stage Renal Disease Who Receive Dialysis
Authors: Douglas Franz, Yuanchao Zheng, Nicholas J. Leeper, Venita Chandra, Maria Montez-Rath, Tara I. Chang
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who receive dialysis are at high risk of lower extremity amputation. Recent studies indicate decreasing rates of lower extremity amputation in non-ESRD populations, but contemporary data for patients with ESRD who receive dialysis are lacking.To assess rates of lower extremity amputation among patients with ESRD who receive dialysis during a recent 15-year period; to analyze whether those rates differed by age, sex, diabetes, or geographic region; and to determine 1-year mortality rates in this population after lower extremity amputation.This retrospective study of 3 700 902 records obtained from a US national registry of patients with ESRD who receive dialysis assessed cross-sectional cohorts for each calendar year from 2000 through 2014. Adult patients with prevalent ESRD treated with hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis covered by Medicare Part A and B on January 1 of each cohort year were included. Data analysis was conducted from August 2017 to April 2018.Age, sex, diabetes, and hospital referral region.Annual rates per 100 person-years of nontraumatic major (above- or below-knee) and minor (below-ankle) amputations.For each annual cohort, there were fewer women (47.5% in 2000, 46.2% in 2005, 44.9% in 2010, and 44.0% in 2014) than men, more than half the patients were white individuals (58.1% in 2000, 56.9% in 2005, 56.9% in 2010, and 56.7% in 2014), and a small proportion were employed (13.9% in 2000, 15.1% in 2005, 16.1% in 2010, and 16.5% in 2014). The rate of lower extremity amputations for patients with ESRD who receive dialysis decreased by 51.0% from 2000 to 2014, driven primarily by a decrease in the rate of major amputations (5.42 [95% CI, 5.28-5.56] in 2000 vs 2.66 [95% CI, 2.59-2.72] per 100 person-years in 2014). Patients with diabetes had amputation rates more than 5 times as high as patients without diabetes. Patients younger than 65 years had higher adjusted amputation rates than older patients, and men had consistently higher adjusted amputation rates than women. Adjusted 1-year mortality rates after lower extremity amputation for patients with ESRD who receive dialysis decreased from 52.2% (95% CI, 50.9%-53.4%) in 2000 to 43.6% (95% CI, 42.5%-44.8%) in 2013. In general, amputation rates decreased among all regions from 2000 to 2014, but regional variability persisted across time despite adjustment for differences in patient demographics and comorbid conditions.Although rates of lower extremity amputations among US patients with ESRD who receive dialysis decreased by 51% during a recent 15-year period, mortality rates remained high, with nearly half of patients dying within a year after lower extremity amputation. Our results highlight the need for more research on ways to prevent lower extremity amputation in this extremely high-risk population.
Fractional-Dose Yellow Fever Vaccination — Advancing the Evidence Base
Authors: Kirsten Vannice, Annelies Wilder-Smith, Joachim Hombach
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Fractional-Dose Yellow Fever Vaccination During major yellow fever outbreaks in 2016, the Democratic Republic of Congo was faced with the options of using off-label fractional-dose vaccine to meet the supply needs or using the full-dose vaccine but leaving millions of people at risk for yellow fever.
Factores predictores de falsos positivos en paciente con test inmunológico de sangre oculta en heces positivo
Authors: C Mangas Sanjuán, E Santana Rocamora, R Jover Martínez
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

El objetivo del cribado de cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es reducir tanto la incidencia como la mortalidad por CCR, y el test de sangre oculta en heces inmunológico (TSOH-i) es el principal método de cribado en nuestro país. Desde su introducción, se ha producido un incremento en el número de colonoscopias, siendo los resultados falsos positivos (FP) de este test un aumento innecesario de la carga asistencial. En este sentido, existe poca información sobre la tasa de FP en nuestro entorno, así como los posibles factores relacionados.
Olivia Marie-Virginie Mine Schofield
Authors: Mike Tidman, Gina Kavanagh, James Walker
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Olivia Marie-Virginie Mine Schofield was a dedicated and well respected consultant dermatologist who enhanced dermatology services in Scotland, particularly in paediatric dermatology. She was appointed as a consultant dermatologist to the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh in 1996, and throughout her consultant career she spent one day a week at St John’s Hospital, Livingston, where she was valued for her dedication to the patients of West Lothian and for the establishment of a phototherapy service and joint dermatology-rheumatology clinics.

She undertook her house jobs in Salisbury and London. Her general medical training took place in Southampton and Welwyn Garden City, before starting her dermatology training in London. She was a senior house officer at St John’s Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London, before becoming a research registrar to the late Professor Robin Eady in the department of cell pathology at the institute of dermatology, St Thomas’ Hospital, London. Her research involving immunohistochemistry contributed to the specialism of epidermolysis bullosa (EB). Olivia was a long term supporter of DEBRA and as a consultant ran EB clinics in Edinburgh with Mike Tidman and Helen Horn. She was subsequently a senior registrar to …
CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF ENDOSCOPIC RESECTION FOR NON-AMPULLARY DUODENAL LESIONS
Authors: HS Je, ST Lee, K Jung, MI Park, SJ Park, W Moon, SE Kim, JH Kim
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Because of thin anatomical structure and high risk of complication including perforation, endoscopic resection (ER) for non-ampullary duodenal lesions (NADLs) is technically more difficult than lesions of stomach. However, with development of therapeutic endoscopy, endoscopic treatment of duodenal lesions has been performed recently. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic resection for NADLs.
The cardiac lymphatic system stimulates resolution of inflammation following myocardial infarction
Authors: Joaquim Miguel Vieira, Sophie Norman, Cristina Villa del Campo, Thomas J. Cahill, Damien N. Barnette, Mala Gunadasa-Rohling, Louise A. Johnson, David R. Greaves, Carolyn A. Carr, David G. Jackson, Paul R. Riley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2018)

Myocardial infarction (MI) arising from obstruction of the coronary circulation engenders massive cardiomyocyte loss and replacement by non-contractile scar tissue, leading to pathological remodeling, dysfunction, and ultimately heart failure. This is presently a global health problem for which there is no effective cure. Following MI, the innate immune system directs the phagocytosis of dead cell debris in an effort to stimulate cell repopulation and tissue renewal. In the mammalian adult heart, however, the persistent influx of immune cells, coupled with the lack of an inherent regenerative capacity, results in cardiac fibrosis. Here, we reveal that stimulation of cardiac lymphangiogenesis with VEGF-C improves clearance of the acute inflammatory response after MI by trafficking immune cells to draining mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs) in a process dependent on lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1). Deletion of Lyve1 in mice, preventing docking and transit of leukocytes through the lymphatic endothelium, results in exacerbation of chronic inflammation and long-term deterioration of cardiac function. Our findings support targeting of the lymphatic/immune cell axis as a therapeutic paradigm to promote immune modulation and heart repair.