tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CAN THE PROKINETIC REDUCE THE TIME OF PASSAGE OF THE ENDOSCOPIC CAPSULE BY THE STOMACH WITHOUT SPEEDING UP THE PASSAGE THROUGH THE SMALL INTESTINE?
Authors: C Saul
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Introduction: Excessive delay passage of endoscopic capsule (EC) by the stomach can reduce the examination time of the small intestine (SI). So too a very fast passage of the EC by SI can reduce the time of the SI exam, decreasing the diagnostic possibilities.
Evolutionary Changes in Transcriptional Regulation: Insights into Human Behavior and Neurological Conditions
Authors: Ryan N. Doan, Taehwan Shin, Christopher A. Walsh
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2018)

Understanding the biological basis for human-specific cognitive traits presents both immense challenges and unique opportunities. Although the question of what makes us human has been investigated with several different methods, the rise of comparative genomics, epigenomics, and medical genetics has provided tools to help narrow down and functionally assess the regions of the genome that seem evolutionarily relevant along the human lineage. In this review, we focus on how medical genetic cases have provided compelling functional evidence for genes and loci that appear to have interesting evolutionary signatures in humans. Furthermore, we examine a special class of noncoding regions, human accelerated regions (HARs), that have been suggested to show human-lineage-specific divergence, and how the use of clinical and population data has started to provide functional information to examine these regions. Finally, we outline methods that provide new insights into functional noncoding sequences in evolution.
<scp>sIgE</scp> and <scp>sIgG</scp> to airborne atopic allergens: Coupled rather than inversely related responses
Authors: Rob C. Aalberse, Christian Lupinek, Valérie Siroux, Rachel Nadif, Jocelyne Just, Jean Bousquet, Rudolf Valenta, Thomas A. Platts‐Mills
Journal: Allergy (2018)

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Computational Principles of Supervised Learning in the Cerebellum
Authors: Jennifer L. Raymond, Javier F. Medina
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2018)

Supervised learning plays a key role in the operation of many biological and artificial neural networks. Analysis of the computations underlying supervised learning is facilitated by the relatively simple and uniform architecture of the cerebellum, a brain area that supports numerous motor, sensory, and cognitive functions. We highlight recent discoveries indicating that the cerebellum implements supervised learning using the following organizational principles: ( a) extensive preprocessing of input representations (i.e., feature engineering), ( b) massively recurrent circuit architecture, ( c) linear input–output computations, ( d) sophisticated instructive signals that can be regulated and are predictive, ( e) adaptive mechanisms of plasticity with multiple timescales, and ( f) task-specific hardware specializations. The principles emerging from studies of the cerebellum have striking parallels with those in other brain areas and in artificial neural networks, as well as some notable differences, which can inform future research on supervised learning and inspire next-generation machine-based algorithms.
Christopher William Grant
Authors: David Cruikshank
Journal: BMJ (2018)

After qualifying and starting medical postgraduate training, Christopher William Grant was sent to Kenya for two years as lieutenant and then captain in the Royal Army Medical Corps, attached to the King’s African Rifles.

He initially came to Pitlochry in 1953 as a trainee and then became assistant to Drs Henderson and McCrone. He became a partner in 1958 and initially practised from home until 1970, when he …
INTRACYSTIC GLUCOSE AND CEA MEASUREMENT: A QUICK AND ACCURATE TOOL FOR DIAGNOSING MUCINOUS PANCREATIC CYSTS
Authors: M Figueiredo, A Zaarour, P Eisendrath
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

A 47 years old female patient presented to our gastroenterology department for evaluation of a pancreatic cystic lesion. She had had a drowning accident 1 month before. A thoracic CT scan was performed, with the incidental finding of a lesion (30 × 26 mm) located in the head of the pancreas. Abdominal MRI confirmed its presence and localization. At consultation, she declared having no symptoms. Known for hypertension and asthma, she had neither personal nor family history of pancreatic disease. She was a non-smoker and an occasional alcohol consumer. Liver tests and lipase were normal. We decided to perform an endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) that revealed a multilocular cystic lesion measuring 33 × 20 mm and containing multiple septa, localized at the level of the pancreatic head. There was no visible communication with the pancreatic duct. A hypoechoic intracystic nodular structure of 4 mm was identified on the wall of one of the peripheral loci. EUS-contrast agent injection allowed us to exclude the presence of any microvascularisation, supporting the hypothesis of a mucus clot. Intracystic fluid was then collected by EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration. The string test was negative. The fluid's CEA and glucose were measured at 217 ug/L and 3.7 mg/dL, respectively. This was consistent with mucinous cystadenoma based on recently published cut-off values and cytological analysis supported this diagnosis. Following the European Expert Consensus of 2013, we scheduled a control MRI every 6 months for one year.
Progressive Weakness and Memory Impairment in a Middle-aged Man
Authors: Ersilia M. DeFilippis, Alec Petersen, Maria A. Yialamas
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A Swedish Nationwide Adoption Study of the Heritability of Heart Failure
Authors: Magnus P. Lindgren, MirNabi PirouziFard, J. Gustav Smith, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist, Bengt Zöller
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2018)

Heart failure (HF) aggregates in families, but the heritability of HF has not been determined. Discerning the genetic and environmental contributions to HF risk is important to further helping to identify individuals at risk. Adoption studies may establish the genetic contribution to HF.This nationwide adoption study aimed to determine the heritability of HF.This case-control study and cohort study design used logistic regression for calculating risks of HF in adoptees. Adoptees who were born in Sweden between 1942 and 1990 were linked to their adoptive parents and biological parents. The Swedish Multi-Generation Register was linked to the Swedish Patient Register for information on hospital inpatient and outpatient admissions and to the Swedish Cause of Death Register for the period 1964 through 2015. Heritability (h2 with a standard error) for HF was determined both with Falconer regression and with tetrachoric correlation. Data analysis was completed from July 2017 to April 2018.Heart failure in biological parents and/or adoptive parents.Heritability; risk of HF, expressed as odds ratios.A total of 21 643 adoptees were included (of whom 10 626 [49.1%] were female), as well as 35 016 adoptive parents (14 872 [42.5%] female) and 43 286 biological parents (21 643 [50.0%] female). There were 194 cases of HF in adoptees, 3972 cases of HF in adoptive parents, and 3657 cases of HF in biological parents. The cohort study odds ratio (OR) for heart failure was 1.45 in adoptees (95% CI, 1.04-2.03) for biological parents with HF, compared with those without an affected biological parent. If cardiomyopathies were excluded, this OR was 1.58 (95% CI, 1.03-2.42). The corresponding OR associated with an affected adoptive parent were nonsignificant, both with cardiomyopathies included (OR, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.57-1.20]) and with cardiomyopathies excluded (OR, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.49-1.29]). The heritability of HF per Falconer regression (h2) was 26% (SE, 14%). With exclusion of cardiomyopathies the heritability using Falconer regression was 34% (SE, 18%).Heart failure in a biological parent is an HF risk factor that is worth clinical consideration. The increased heritability of HF suggests that genetic factors are important in HF pathogenesis.
Efecto de la infusión de CO2 en el colon en la tolerancia de la colonoscopia. Estudio comparativo en nuestro primer año de experiencia
Authors: C Molina Villalba, C Viñolo Ubiña, J Lozano Cobo, P Hernández Martínez, FJ Gallego Rojo
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

La colonoscopia es una importante herramienta diagnóstica. La insuflación es esencial para distender la luz y optimizar la visualización; pero causa dolor abdominal. El CO2 se absorbe más rápido que el aire, causando menor distensión intestinal y menos dolor.
Abstract 12173: Differences in Ascending Aortic Size in Bicuspid Aortic Valve Patients Treated with and without a Statin: A New Paradigm?
Authors: Sachin S Goel, E M Tuzcu, Shikhar Agarwal, Olcay Aksoy, Brian P Griffin, Lars G Svensson, Samir R Kapadia
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Objective: Ascending aortic dilatation (AAD) commonly occurs in patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Statins have been shown to reduce the expression of matrix metalloproteinases and slow the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysms. The role of statins in slowing AAD in patients with BAV is unknown. We sought to compare ascending aortic dimensions in patients with BAV treated with and without a statin. Methods: From our catheterization laboratory database, all patients undergoing preoperative coronary angiography prior to aortic valve +/- ascending aorta replacement for BAV disease between 2004 and 2007 were identified. Ascending aortic size was measured on their preoperative transesophageal echocardiography. Data on statin use was obtained from chart review and ascending aortic size was compared in patients on and those not on a statin. Results: The study sample included 147 patients of which 76 were treated with statins (mean age 62±9, 72% male) and 71 were not (mean age 59±12, 68% male). Total ...
Anatomical and functional dichotomy of ocular itch and pain
Authors: Cheng-Chiu Huang, Weishan Yang, Changxiong Guo, Haowu Jiang, Fengxian Li, Maolei Xiao, Steve Davidson, Guang Yu, Bo Duan, Tianwen Huang, Andrew J. W. Huang, Qin Liu
Journal: Nature Medicine (2018)
Trends and Scope of Dermatology Procedures Billed by Advanced Practice Professionals From 2012 Through 2015
Authors: Myron Zhang, Jonathan Zippin, Benjamin Kaffenberger
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2018)

Advanced practice professionals (APPs) such as nurse practitioners and physician assistants independently perform a large number and variety of dermatologic procedures, but little is known about how the number and scope of these procedures have changed over time.To examine the trends in scope and volume of dermatology procedures billed by APPs over time.A longitudinal study was conducted using the Medicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data: Physician and Other Supplier Public Use File from 2012 through 2015. The data encompass nearly all outpatient procedures paid by Medicare Part B in the United States and include the type of clinician under which procedures were billed.For each type of dermatology procedure, the total number performed by APPs and the total number performed by dermatologists each year.The total number (and percentage) of all dermatologic procedures performed by APPs increased from 2.69 million of 30.7 million (8.8%) in 2012 to 4.54 million of 33.9 million (13.4%) in 2015. The most common procedures performed by APPs in 2015 were destructions of benign neoplasms (3.6 million), biopsies (788 834), and destructions of malignant neoplasms (48 982). The numbers of patch tests, removals of benign and malignant neoplasms, intermediate and complex repairs, flaps, and surgical pathologic specimen examinations by APPs also increased each year from 2012 through 2015.The number and scope of dermatologic procedures performed by APPs appear to be increasing over time. These procedures can be difficult and invasive. This study suggests that further studies are needed to determine what association these procedures have with patient outcomes and the potential need for more formal training.
Results may not be generalisable
Authors: Joan M Lappe, Robert P Heaney
Journal: BMJ (2008)

<h3>Introduction</h3> The outbreak of novel COVID-19 caught the world off guard in the first quarter of 2020. To stem the tide of this pandemic, there was acceleration of the development, testing and prelicensure approval for emergency use of some COVID-19 vaccine candidates. This led to raised public concern about their safety and efficacy, compounding the challenges of vaccine hesitancy. The onus of managing and administering these vaccines to a sceptical populace when they do become available rests mostly on the shoulders of healthcare workers (HCWs). Therefore, the vaccine confidence levels of HCWs become critical to the success of vaccination endeavours. This proposed study aims to estimate the level of vaccine confidence and the intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine among future HCWs and their trainers at a specific university in Cape Town, South Africa, and to identify any vaccination concerns early for targeted intervention. <h3>Methods and analysis</h3> This proposed study is a cross-sectional survey study. An online questionnaire will be distributed to all current staff and students of the Faculty of Medicine Health Sciences of Stellenbosch University in Cape Town, South Africa. No sampling strategy will be employed. The survey questionnaire will consist of demographic questions (consisting of six items) and vaccine confidence questions (comprising six items in Likert scale format). Log binomial models will be employed to identify factors associated with vaccine confidence and intention. The strength of association will be assessed using the OR and its 95% CI. Statistical significance will be defined at a p value &lt;0.05. <h3>Ethics and dissemination</h3> Ethics approval has been obtained for the study from Stellenbosch University (Human Research Ethics Committee reference number S19/01/014 (PhD)). The results will be shared with relevant health authorities, presented at conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Proton pump inhibitors and suppression of duodenal eosinophilia in functional dyspepsia
Authors: Michael D E Potter, Nicola K Wood, Marjorie M Walker, Michael P Jones, Nicholas J Talley
Journal: Gut (2018)

We read with interest the study by Molina-Infante et al 1 regarding proton pump inhibitor (PPI) responsive oesophageal eosinophilia. The authors emphasise that the benefit of PPI therapy may be secondary to anti-inflammatory effects (blocking of STAT 6) rather than antisecretory properties, which raises the question whether PPI therapy may be beneficial in other eosinophilic disease of the gastrointestinal tract. We report here novel observations of the effect of PPI therapy on duodenal eosinophilia in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) which lends further support to this hypothesis.

FD is characterised by bothersome postprandial symptoms that cannot be easily be explained at upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.2 It is further subdivided into the postprandial distress syndrome (PDS), comprising patients who report early satiety …
Understanding cooperation through fitness interdependence
Authors: Athena Aktipis, Lee Cronk, Joe Alcock, Jessica D. Ayers, Cristina Baciu, Daniel Balliet, Amy M. Boddy, Oliver Scott Curry, Jaimie Arona Krems, Andrés Muñoz, Daniel Sullivan, Daniel Sznycer, Gerald S. Wilkinson, Pamela Winfrey
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2018)
Medicaid’s Path to Value-Based Reform
Authors: Joshua M. Liao, Benjamin D. Sommers, Amol S. Navathe
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Prominent Medicare value-based payment models are influencing the ways in which clinicians deliver care. CMS and states have also started transforming reimbursement and care for Medicaid beneficiaries, but sustained success may be harder to achieve than in Medicare.
The nuclear bile acid receptor FXR is a PKA- and FOXA2-sensitive activator of fasting hepatic gluconeogenesis
Authors: Maheul Ploton, Claire Mazuy, Céline Gheeraert, Vanessa Dubois, Alexandre Berthier, Julie Dubois-Chevalier, Xavier Maréchal, Kadiombo Bantubungi, Hélène Diemer, Sarah Cianférani, Jean-Marc Strub, Audrey Helleboid-Chapman, Jérôme Eeckhoute, Bart Staels, Philippe Lefebvre
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)

Embedded into a complex signaling network that coordinates glucose uptake, usage and production, the nuclear bile acid receptor FXR is expressed in several glucose-processing organs including the liver. Hepatic gluconeogenesis is controlled through allosteric regulation of gluconeogenic enzymes and by glucagon/cAMP-dependent transcriptional regulatory pathways. We aimed to elucidate the role of FXR in the regulation of fasting hepatic gluconeogenesis.The role of FXR in hepatic gluconeogenesis was assessed in vivo and in mouse primary hepatocytes. Gene expression patterns in response to glucagon and FXR agonists were characterized by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and microarray analysis. FXR phosphorylation by protein kinase A was determined by mass spectrometry. The interaction of FOXA2 with FXR was identified by cistromic approaches and in vitro protein-protein interaction assays. The functional impact of the crosstalk between FXR, the PKA and FOXA2 signaling pathways was assessed by site-directed mutagenesis, transactivation assays and restoration of FXR expression in FXR-deficient hepatocytes in which gene expression and glucose production were assessed.FXR positively regulates hepatic glucose production through two regulatory arms, the first one involving protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of FXR, which allowed for the synergistic activation of gluconeogenic genes by glucagon, agonist-activated FXR and CREB. The second arm involves the inhibition of FXR's ability to induce the anti-gluconeogenic nuclear receptor SHP by the glucagon-activated FOXA2 transcription factor, which physically interacts with FXR. Additionally, knockdown of Foxa2 did not alter glucagon-induced and FXR agonist enhanced expression of gluconeogenic genes, suggesting that the PKA and FOXA2 pathways regulate distinct subsets of FXR responsive genes.Thus, hepatic glucose production is regulated during physiological fasting by FXR, which integrates the glucagon/cAMP signal and the FOXA2 signal, by being post-translationally modified, and by engaging in protein-protein interactions, respectively.Activation of the nuclear bile acid receptor FXR regulates gene expression networks, controlling lipid, cholesterol and glucose metabolism, which are mostly effective after eating. Whether FXR exerts critical functions during fasting is unknown. The results of this study show that FXR transcriptional activity is regulated by the glucagon/protein kinase A and the FOXA2 signaling pathways, which act on FXR through phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions, respectively, to increase hepatic glucose synthesis.
Bacteraemia service model of infection care
Authors: Gavin D Barlow, Patrick Lillie
Journal: BMJ (2008)

In June 2005 we implemented a similar service to Minton et al’s,1 which provides unsolicited bedside reviews and a typewritten report for all patients with bacteraemia. We reviewed 151 adults from June 2005 to November 2006.

The most common isolate was Staphylococcus aureus (45%), of which 40% were methicillin resistant; the most common source was central venous lines (27% of patients). For hospital …
David Oliver: Making less popular medical jobs more attractive
Authors: David Oliver
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Medicine has an unwritten hierarchy of perceived glamour and prestige. This ends up having a real impact on patient care, as it affects who chooses to work in what specialty and which specialties struggle to recruit. Julian Simpson discussed this hierarchy in The BMJ in May,1 when he highlighted the NHS’s reliance on overseas trained doctors from ethnic minorities for unpopular specialties in deprived or remote UK regions.

Many doctors, including me, actively choose disciplines that are generally (if often unfairly) seen as overstretched, less glamorous, struggling to fill all posts, or with lower earning potential. I’ve never regretted being a geriatrician and general internal medicine physician. This is about tendencies and trends, not absolutes. But what makes a specialty seem more prestigious to potential applicants?

In my experience, terms such as teaching hospital, highly specialised, high tech, interventional, curative, physical health, younger, single organ system, and research …