tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FRI0709 Prevalence of rheumatic diseases based on copcoprd studies: a systematic review
Authors: J Moreno-Montoya, J Rodriguez-Amado, R Burgos-Vargas, I Pelaez-Ballestas
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Despite many efforts, to date there has been no focused attempt to derive a robust estimate of the prevalence of rheumatic diseases (RDs) to quantify how this is influenced by other factors than them examined in every local study, however, the problems magnitude is rising and due the demographic transition and the increase in the life expectancy <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the prevalence of RDs in the adult general population and explore its heterogeneity <h3>Methods</h3> MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIREME, LILLACS and Web of Science were searched using a search strategy combining key words and related database-specific subject terms to identify relevant cross-sectional based on COPCORD methodology studies. Also was developed a manual search. Included articles were assessed for risk of bias and quality based on the STROBE statement. Prevalence figures for RDs were analyzed according to female percentage of sampled individuals, mean age and sample size. A mixed effect model was used to obtain the combined prevalence and a meta-regression to estimate the effects of other variables <h3>Results</h3> 44 out from 127 papers were included in English, Spanish or Portuguese. Estimates for any RDs prevalence ranged from 7.2% to 62.3% (26.9%; 95% CI 18.3%&gt;25.6%). For rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the prevalence varied between 0.2% and 6.2% (1.04%; 95% CI 0.4%&gt;1.6%); fibromyalgia (FM) had a mean prevalence of 2.1% (95% CI 1.0%&gt;3.2%) and osteoarthritis: 13.5% (95% CI: 10.6%&gt;16.4%). SLE (systematic lupus erythematosus) was the less frequent condition with average prevalence of 0.14% (95% CI: 0.005%&gt;0.28%). The random-effects pooled prevalence for any RDs was 25% (95% CI: 18.0%, 31.1%). Prevalence was higher in studies with bigger sample size (random effect coefficient: 0.0014, p=002). There was evidence of relevant heterogeneity in the analysis (p&lt;0,001) and for RDs, RA and FM the sample size was positively associated to the perceived heterogeneity. No effects were found for SLE <h3>Conclusions</h3> It was found significant variation among the prevalence across this review, in particular, related to the sample size used in each study. Two facts must be accounted for, first the statistical difficulties associated to the estimation of small prevalence and the consequent heterogeneity of the estimates, and, second, the limited number of studies included in this meta-analysis. Nonetheless, there is evidence about big heterogeneity what can correspond to non-observed variables, in particular, life-styles, and environmental or genetic traits. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Gestational Stage and IFN-λ Signaling Regulate ZIKV Infection In Utero
Authors: Brett W. Jagger, Jonathan J. Miner, Bin Cao, Nitin Arora, Amber M. Smith, Attila Kovacs, Indira U. Mysorekar, Carolyn B. Coyne, Michael S. Diamond
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2017)
AB0109 Autophagy inhibitor regulates apoptosis and proliferation of synovial fibroblasts through the inhibition of pi3k/akt pathway in collagen-induced arthritis rat model
Authors: S Li, F Li, WJ Chen, C Deng
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Mounting studies have illustrated an important role of autophagy in various diseases, but few studies have reported its contribution to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. <h3>Objectives</h3> This study aimed to investigate whether autophagy inhibitors could regulate apoptosis and proliferation through PI3K/AKT pathway in RA. <h3>Methods</h3> RA animal model was established by collagen induction. General observations and degree of joint swelling were observed. Inflammatory response, cell survival related factors and apoptosis were also detected in synovial fibroblasts. In addition, cultured rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS) were subjected to TNF-α treatment <i>in vitro</i>, and TNF-α induced cell autophagy, synovial cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected. Moreover, cell cycle and cytokine secretion protein, along with the above parameters, were analyzed. <h3>Results</h3> Results from the animal model showed that autophagy inhibitors could attenuate inflammatory reaction and synovial hyperplasia, while promoted synovial fibroblasts apoptosis. Meanwhile, inhibition of autophagy promoted cell apoptosis and reversed cell proliferation <i>in vitro</i>, also blocked cell in the G2/M arrest and reduced the S phase cells. Furthermore, inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway reversed TNF-α mediated autophagy and cytokine secretion. <h3>Conclusions</h3> autophagy inhibitors could mitigate inflammation response, inhibiting RA-FLS cell proliferation while promoting cell apoptosis by PI3K/AKT pathway. <h3>References</h3> Neumann, E., et al., Rheumatoid arthritis progression mediated by activated synovial fibroblasts. Trends in Molecular Medicine, 2010. 16(10): p. 458–68. Feng, Y., et al., The Role of Autophagy in Rheumatic Disease. Current Drug Targets, 2016. Kenific, et al., Cellular and metabolic functions for autophagy in cancer cells. Trends in Cell Biology, 2015. 25(1): p. 37–45. Yan, H., et al., Suppression of experimental arthritis through AMP-activated protein kinase activation and autophagy modulation. Journal of Rheumatic Diseases &amp; Treatment, 2011. 1(1). Qu, Y., et al., MicroRNA-126 affects rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblast proliferation and apoptosis by targeting PIK3R2 and regulating PI3K-AKT signal pathway. 2016. García, S., et al., Akt activity protects rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts from Fas-induced apoptosis by inhibition of Bid cleavage. Arthritis Research &amp; Therapy, 2010. 12(1): p.: R33. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Foud (81302567) and Basic scientific research service fee of Central South University (2012QNZT138) to Dr. Shu Li. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Targets for immunotherapy of liver cancer
Authors: Tim F. Greten, Bruno Sangro
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2017)

Drug development in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been characterised by many failures in the past. Despite good rationales and promising phase II data, many phase III trials failed. Immunotherapy represents an alternative treatment approach that has been successful in many different cancer types. As an inflammation induced cancer, HCC represents a very interesting target for immune based approaches. Indeed, early results from clinical trials testing immune checkpoint inhibitors are not only promising, but have already led to evaluation in a phase III setting. Herein, we summarise our current knowledge on the rationale, mechanism of action and clinical data for immune checkpoint blockade in HCC. In addition, we provide an overview of other novel immune based approaches currently under development for the treatment of HCC, such as adoptive cell based and antibody-based approaches.
Solitary Osteogenic Sternum Plasmacytoma on Bone Scintigraphy and FDG PET/CT
Authors: Ying Zhang, Changming Zhang, Hongyan Zhai
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2017)

We reported a rare solitary osteogenic sternum plasmacytoma case. A 49-year-old woman experienced progressing pain in the sternum for 2 years. Abnormal Tc-MDP accumulation and increase in F-FDG uptake (SUVmax, 4.4) were co-localized with the osteogenic lesion in the sternum body detected by diagnostic CT. The lesion was histologically confirmed as plasma cell neoplasm suggestive of plasmacytoma. The patient had good response to radiotherapy.
AB1209-HPR The prevalence of dental and sinus infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis before biologic therapy initiation: usefulness of a systematic screening?
Authors: C Tawil, E Descamps, M Forien, A Gardette, E Palazzo, S Ottaviani, P Dieudé
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Introduction of the biologic therapies has dramatically improved the outcome of severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Biologic therapies play a central role in the control of synovial inflammation. However they also decrease host defenses leading to an increased rate of infection. Because of their adverse effects, a careful assessment is needed before their initiation. A systematic assessment of dental or sinus infection before a biologic therapy is not required. <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence and the usefulness of a systematic screening of oral (dental and/or sinus) infection of RA patients before biologic therapy initiation. <h3>Methods</h3> This was a monocentric retrospective study. We included RA (ACR/EULAR 2010 criteria) patients with active disease despite disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and requiring biologic therapy initiation between 2010 and 2016. The following parameters were collected: demographic and disease characteristics, disease activity (C-reactive protein, disease activity score (DAS) 28), currents therapies (DMARDS, corticosteroids). Dental infection was assessed by stomatologist after clinical and panoramic dental X- ray evaluation. Sinusitis was defined on sinus computed tomography as partial or complete opacification of one or more sinus cavities. Factors associated with oral infections were analyzed in uni- and multivariate models. <h3>Results</h3> We included 223 RA patients (79.4% of female, mean ± SD disease duration of 8.9±8.6 years). The mean age was 54±10.9 years, 70.8% rheumatoid factor (RF) positive, 84.4% anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) positive and 68.1% had radiographic damages. The mean DAS 28 was 5.5±2.6; 71% of patients received corticosteroids (mean 7mg per day of equivalent prednisone) and 63% methotrexate (mean 17.8mg per week). No patient had pain or other sinus or dental symptoms. Before biologic agent initiation, systematic dental and sinus screening revealed an oral infection in 31.5% of patients (dental: 20.2% and sinus: 14.8%). In univariate analysis, active smoking was associated with a higher risk of oral infection (OR=2.16 [1.02–4.57], p=0.038) and methotrexate with a lower rate (OR=0.43 [0.23–0.81], p=0.006). Corticosteroid, disease duration, DAS 28, RF, ACPA and structural damages were not associated with oral infection. No significant association was confirmed with oral infection using multivariate analysis. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In our study, one third of RA patients requiring biologic agents had asymptomatic oral infection. The high prevalence of oral infection in RA patients suggests the usefulness of systematic dental and sinus screening before biologic therapy initiation. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
FRI0706 HLA-DRB1 alleles are associated with markers of endothelial injury in first-degree relatives of rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: JM Hughes-Austin, M Corr, GS Firestein, VM Holers, KD Deane, JM Norris, JH Ix
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients experience higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and CVD-related mortality. MHC class II HLA-DRB1 alleles, or the shared epitope (SE), has also been linked to endothelial dysfunction in RA patients. It is not known whether this association exists in individuals who are RA-free, but who are at higher risk due to being a first-degree relative (FDR) of an RA patient. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine the association between HLA-DRB1 alleles (*0401, *0404, *0405, *0408) and markers of endothelial injury in FDRs of RA patients, a population free of RA and RA-related medications. <h3>Methods</h3> From the Studies of the Etiology of RA, SERA, (a multicenter prospective study of preclinical RA, started in 2002), 113 FDRs who had been positive for any of 5 RA-related autoantibodies (Abs): rheumatoid factor (RF), RF isotypes – IgM, IgG, IgA, or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP2) on at least one of their visits, and 100 FDRs who had never been Ab positive were selected, frequency matched on age, sex, and field center site. No FDR met the 1987 ACR Criteria or 2010 EULAR/ACR Criteria for RA. In cross-sectional testing of single samples from baseline, the following were measured: endothelial injury markers: soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM) and E-selectin; and high resolution HLA-DRB1 typing for the*0401, *0404, *0405, and *0408 alleles using real-time polymerase chain reaction. ANCOVA was used to evaluate associations between HLA-DRB1 alleles, sVCAM, sICAM, and E-selectin, adjusting for age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), Ab status, ever smoking, and current statin use. <h3>Results</h3> Among 213 FDRs, age was 50±18 yr, BMI was 27±6, 75% were women, 83% were Caucasian, 35% ever smoked, 11% were currently taking statins, and 38% were SE positive. sVCAM was significantly higher by 135ng/mL in FDRs with the HLA-DRB1*0404 allele (p=0.009) compared to FDRs without the *0404 allele (Table 1). E-selectin was higher by 23ng/mL in FDRs with the HLA-DRB1*0405 allele (p=0.03) compared to FDRs without the *0405 allele. Being positive for the SE was not significantly associated with sICAM, sVCAM, or E-selectin levels. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In RA-free FDRs, having an HLA-DRB1*0404 or HLA-DRB1*0405 allele was associated with markers of endothelial injury. Therefore, the genetic predisposition to RA could contribute to parallel development of atherosclerosis during the preclinical period of RA. <h3>References</h3> Gonzalez-Juanatey C et al., Am J Med 2003; 114:647–52. Gonzalez-Gay MA et al., Arth Rheum 2007; 57(1):125–132. Gersuk VH et al., J Immunol Methods. 2006 Dec 20; 317(1–2): 64–70. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
An international study of the prevalence of substance use in patients with delusional infestation
Authors: Peter Lepping, Eric O. Noorthoorn, Patrick M.J.H. Kemperman, Wolfgang Harth, Jason S. Reichenberg, Stephen Bertel Squire, Satwinder Shinhmar, Roland W. Freudenmann, Anthony Bewley
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2017)
Diminishing Returns on Intragenic Repeat Number Expansion in the Production of Signaling Peptides
Authors: David W Rogers, Ellen McConnell, Eric L Miller, Duncan Greig
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2017)

Signaling peptides enable communication between cells, both within and between individuals, and are therefore key to the control of complex physiological and behavioral responses. Since their small sizes prevent direct transmission to secretory pathways, these peptides are often produced as part of a larger polyprotein comprising precursors for multiple related or identical peptides; the physiological and behavioral consequences of this unusual gene structure are not understood. Here, we show that the number of mature-pheromone-encoding repeats in the yeast α-mating-factor gene MFα1 varies considerably between closely related isolates of both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its sister species Saccharomyces paradoxus. Variation in repeat number has important phenotypic consequences: Increasing repeat number caused higher pheromone production and greater competitive mating success. However, the magnitude of the improvement decreased with increasing repeat number such that repeat amplification beyond that observed in natural isolates failed to generate more pheromone, and could actually reduce sexual fitness. We investigate multiple explanations for this pattern of diminishing returns and find that our results are most consistent with a translational trade-off: Increasing the number of encoded repeats results in more mature pheromone per translation event, but also generates longer transcripts thereby reducing the rate of translation-a phenomenon known as length-dependent translation. Length-dependent translation may be a powerful constraint on the evolution of genes encoding repetitive or modular proteins, with important physiological and behavioral consequences across eukaryotes.
Bone regeneration with micro/nano hybrid-structured biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics at segmental bone defect and the induced immunoregulation of MSCs
Authors: Yu Zhu, Kun Zhang, Rui Zhao, Xingjiang Ye, Xuening Chen, Zhanwen Xiao, Xiao Yang, Xiangdong Zhu, Kai Zhang, Yujiang Fan, Xingdong Zhang
Journal: Biomaterials (2017)
A Phase I Trial of TGR-1202, a Next Generation Once-Daily PI3Kδ Inhibitor, in Combination with Brentuximab Vedotin, in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkins Lymphoma
Authors: Radhakrishnan Ramchandren, Carolyn M. Mulroney, Manish R. Patel, Peter Sportelli, Hari P. Miskin, Robert W Chen
Journal: Blood (2016)
After asthma: redefining airways diseases
Authors: Ian D Pavord, Richard Beasley, Alvar Agusti, Gary P Anderson, Elisabeth Bel, Guy Brusselle, Paul Cullinan, Adnan Custovic, Francine M Ducharme, John V Fahy, Urs Frey, Peter Gibson, Liam G Heaney, Patrick G Holt, Marc Humbert, Clare M Lloyd, Guy Marks, Fernando D Martinez, Peter D Sly, Erika von Mutius, Sally Wenzel, Heather J Zar, Andy Bush
Journal: The Lancet (2017)
Mitigating the Mental and Physical Health Consequences of Hurricane Harvey
Authors: James M. Shultz, Sandro Galea
Journal: JAMA (2017)

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FRI0634 Do anthropometric factors influence median nerve size in healthy individuals? an ultrasound and volumetry study
Authors: A O'Neill, P Gardiner, D McCormick, E Savage, D Small
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Some (but not all) ultrasound studies of median nerve dimensions at the wrist have suggested that anthropometric factors such as height and weight are among the possible sources of variability in the normal population but this has not been systematically studied<sup>1</sup>. <h3>Objectives</h3> The purpose of our study was to establish if hand and wrist volume or other standard anthropomorphic factors influenced median nerve size in normal subjects using standard ultrasonographic techniques. If median nerve size is predictably related to anthropomorphic factors, adjusted normal reference ranges would improve the diagnostic precision of the test for carpal tunnel syndrome. <h3>Methods</h3> We studied 30 healthy subjects: 14 females and 16 males. We measured their height, weight, arm span, finger span and wrist circumference. Ultrasonography of the median nerve was carried out at the entrance to the carpal tunnel and at a second level 2 cm proximal to the wrist using an Esaote MyLab Class C ultrasound with a 12–18MHz linear probe. The wrist was marked at the distal wrist crease and 2cm proximally. Hand and wrist volume were measured using water displacement volumetry. <h3>Results</h3> The intra-rater reliability of volumetry measurements was excellent for both hand and wrist volumetry with a Cronbach alpha of 0.99 and 0.88 respectively. The intra-rater reliability for median nerve measurements was excellent with a Cronbach alpha of 0.96. The median nerve dimensions were not significantly different between male and female subjects, nor between the dominant and non-dominant hands. The mean median nerve cross sectional area (CSA) at the distal wrist crease was 10.68 mm<sup>2</sup> and at a point 2cm proximal to this it was 10.18 mm<sup>2</sup>. The mean difference in CSA between these two points was 0.5 mm<sup>2</sup>. The median nerve CSA was not significantly related to height, weight or hand size. It was not correlated with hand or wrist volume. No significant differences were found in relation to hand dominance or gender. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Anthropometric factors including BMI, hand/wrist volume were not found to be closely related to median nerve size in normal individuals. <h3>References</h3> Cartwright MS et al. Ultrasonographic reference values for assessing the normal median nerve in adults. J Neuroimaging. 2009;19(1):47–51. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
THU0573 Concomitant autoimmune diseases in patients with sarcoidosis
Authors: S Kobak, F Sever, H Semiz, M Orman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease characterized by non-caseating granuloma formation. It can mimic many rheumatic diseases and/or may be coexist with them. There are limited data in the literature about the association of sarcoidosis with autoimmune diseases. <h3>Objectives</h3> The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency and characteristics of autoimmune diseases associated with patients with sarcoidosis. <h3>Methods</h3> One hundred and thirty-one sarcoidosis patients folowed-up in single rheumatology center were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and radiological data of these cases were evaluated retrospectively. The characteristics of autoimmune diseases associated with sarcoidosis (sarcoidosis-overlap group) patients and isolated sarcoidosis (isolated sarcoidosis group) were analyzed and compared. <h3>Results</h3> Autoimmune disease was detected in 15 (11.5%) of 131 patients with sarcoidosis (1Sjögren syndrome, 3rheumatoid arthritis, 1Still disease, 1scleroderma, 4ankylosing spondylitis, 1familial Mediterranean fever, 1gut arthritis, 1immune trombocytopenic purpura, 1Hashimoto thyroiditis and 1Graves disease). Most of these diseases occurred before (such as RA, AS, Still, FMF) and others after sarcoidosis diagnosis. Among 15 sarcoidosis patients with autoimmune disease 10 were female and 5 were male, the mean age was 50.8 years and mean disease duration was 3 months (1–30 months). When compared with isolated sarcoidosis patients, more hand finger joint involvement, RF positivity, higher ESR and less NSAIDs usage were found in patients with sarcoidosis-overlap group (p=0.035, p=0.049, p=0.015, p=0.018 respectively). There was no statistically significant differences between the two groups when evaluated for demographic, clinical parameters and other treatment modalities. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Concomitant autoimmune diseases in patients with sarcoidosis may be often seen. This patients are characterized with more hand finger joint involvement, RF positivity, higher ESR and less NSAIDs usage. Therefore, in patients with a diagnosis of sarcoidosis, it is necessary for the physician to be careful and to make a wider differential diagnosis in terms of the presence of another underlying autoimmune disease. Multicenter, prospective studies involving large numbers of patients are needed to understand whether the association of sarcoidosis-autoimmune diseases is based only on coincidence or on a common etiopathogenesis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared