tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vinorelbine-induced phlebitis is common in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Authors: Elaine Shum, Balazs Halmos, Haiying Cheng, Roman Perez-Soler, Rasim A. Gucalp, Stuart H. Packer, Steven M. Keller, Amit Bhargava, Yoko Eng, Elizabeth Ravera, Cheryl Baker, Shankar Viswanathan, Cecilia Na, Srikanth Gajavelli, Royston Browne, Missak Haigentz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e20016 Background: The combination of vinorelbine and cisplatin is a highly established and widely used regimen as a standard of care for adjuvant therapy for NSCLC, as demonstrated in the JBR.10 and ANITA randomized trials. Vinorelbine is a moderate vesicant, and the incidence of vinorelbine-induced phlebitis (VIP) has been reported to be ~10-30%. However, previous trials involving vinorelbine/cisplatin as adjuvant therapy in NSCLC have not specifically reported on VIP. We evaluated the prevalence of VIP in resected NSCLC pts at our institution and assessed the impact of VIP on consequent treatment delays and/or alterations in planned adjuvant therapy. Methods: Pharmacy records were obtained for all pts who received vinorelbine at our institution from 1/2005-11/2015. Chart review was conducted on pts with a diagnosis of NSCLC and treated in our academic faculty clinics with vinorelbine. Charts were retrospectively reviewed for documentation of phlebitis occurrences, need for central catheter placement and duration and intensity of adjuvant chemotherapy. Results: During the study interval, 106 pts were treated with vinorelbine, including 15 resected NSCLC pts and 4 NSCLC pts treated palliatively. Only 2 pts receiving adjuvant vinorelbine/cisplatin had central catheter placement prior to chemotherapy. Of the remaining 13 pts, 12 pts (92%) were reported to have VIP of varying grades; the 1 pt who did not, however, received only 1 dose of vinorelbine/cisplatin due to clinical deterioration. Five pts (42%) had a delay ranging from 1-3 weeks in their adjuvant treatment while awaiting central catheter placement, and 4 pts (33%) missed a vinorelbine dose as a result. Five pts (42%) received a cumulative cisplatin dose during adjuvant therapy < 300mg/m2; 1 pt (8%) received < 200mg/m2. Conclusions: VIP is extremely common in pts receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for NSCLC, resulting in treatment delays, added morbidity and cost and limiting planned vinorelbine dose and cisplatin intensity in this curative-intent setting. Given the unacceptably high frequency of VIP, routine central catheter placement for pts should be standard of care in preparing for vinorelbine-based treatment regimens.
Margaret McCartney: Charities should respect evidence
Authors: Margaret McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Being well off and well connected is no barrier to a belief in nonsense. In fact, the more money you have, the easier it seems for healthcare professionals to liberate you from it.

Justin Trudeau, Canada’s premier, created a new science post at cabinet level and is willing to explain quantum computing to a press pack.1 But even he undergoes cupping,2 an evidence-free complementary therapy used by self styled lifestyle gurus such as Gwyneth Paltrow.3 Reading systematic reviews, I despair at the lack of adequate evidence for this intervention.4

A recent supplement in the Financial …
Use of IFN-γ and IP-10 detection in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases
Authors: Raquel Villar-Hernández, Irene Latorre, Sonia Mínguez, Jéssica Díaz, Esther García-García, Beatriz Muriel-Moreno, Alicia Lacoma, Cristina Prat, Alex Olivé, Morten Ruhwald, Lourdes Mateo, José Domínguez
Journal: Journal of Infection (2017)
Impairment of the carnitine/organic cation transporter 1–ergothioneine axis is mediated by intestinal transporter dysfunction in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Yasuyuki Shinozaki, Kengo Furuichi, Tadashi Toyama, Shinji Kitajima, Akinori Hara, Yasunori Iwata, Norihiko Sakai, Miho Shimizu, Shuichi Kaneko, Noriyoshi Isozumi, Shushi Nagamori, Yoshikatsu Kanai, Tomoko Sugiura, Yukio Kato, Takashi Wada
Journal: Kidney International (2017)
Nonclinical Factors Affecting Shared Decision Making
Authors: Grace L. Smith, Robert J. Volk
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 17286: National Trends in Hospital Readmission Rates in Congestive Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Vidhu Anand, Sushil Kumar Garg, Ryan Koene, Thenappan Thenappan
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the leading cause of hospitalization among adults in the United States. Despite improvement in outcomes with medical therapy, readmission rates followi...
An antisense oligonucleotide targeting TGF-β2 inhibits lung metastasis and induces CD86 expression in tumor-associated macrophages
Authors: I. Huber-Ruano, C. Raventós, I. Cuartas, C. Sánchez-Jaro, A. Arias, J.L. Parra, K. Wosikowski, M. Janicot, J. Seoane
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Pattern of use of PET/CT scanning in gastrointestinal cancers in one cancer center in Saudi Arabia.
Authors: Ali Husain Aljubran, Omar Alshaer, Hashem Yaseen Al Hashem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e17529 Background: PET/CT scan is useful in certain clinical indications. However, because of high cost and maintenance demand, its routine use is not recommended. Moreover, PET scanning in many non-indicated conditions can be useless or even confusing. The National comprehensive cancer network (NCCN) has set up evidence based guidelines for the use of PET/CT. We retrospectively evaluated the local value and pattern of PET/CT scan use in non-colorectal GI cancers in our hospital, and whether it follows the evidence based guidelines or not and whether it’s use actually improves the patient’s outcome or not. Methods: Patients, who were diagnosed with non-colorectal GI cancers during 24 months (2007-2008) at our hospital, were included in this study if they had one or more PET/CT scans. Questions were answered as to whether PET/CT changed the stage or affected the management in each case. The indications of use as well as quality of the scan report were outlined. Results: Results: 77 patients with 107 PET/CT scans were included. Median age: 59 (21-86). Males: 58.8%36. Diagnosis: 46.8% esophageal cancer and GEJ cancer, 15.6% gastric, 11.7% pancreatic, 11.7% heptobiliary, 10.4% neuroendocrine tumors, 2.6 % GIST, 1.3% small bowel cancer. Indications of the PET/CT: staging in 59.8%, follow up after finishing treatment in 14.9%, restaging at relapse in 8.4%, assessing response after/during treatment in 3.7%, FU of previous PET/CT in 12.1% and others in 0.9%. PET/CT changed the stage in 19.6%, and affected the management plan in 11.2% only. The PET/CT for the lesions that could have changed the stage reported indeterminate result in 29.9% of cases. Pathological pursuit of the PET/CT result for lesions that were indeterminate and could have changed the stage was done in only 23.1% of cases. Conclusions: PET/CT scan use in our hospital does not follow an evidence based approach. Overuse was documented. Therefore, local guidelines of use are suggested.
An ultra-effective method of generating extramultipotent cells from human fibroblasts by ultrasound
Authors: Yong Seung Lee, Hyejung Heo, Jonghwan Lee, Sung Ung Moon, Woon Yong Jung, Yong Keun Park, Min Geun Park, Seung-Hun Oh, Soonhag Kim
Journal: Biomaterials (2017)
Perioperative trastuzumab and pertuzumab in combination with FLOT versus FLOT alone for HER2 positive resectable esophagogastric adenocarcinoma: Petrarca—A phase II trial of the German AIO.
Authors: Ralf Hofheinz, Gerrit zur Hausen, Kersten Borchert, Albrecht Kretzschmar, Matthias Philip Ebert, Thomas Jens Ettrich, Michael Koenigsmann, Georg Martin Haag, Volker A. Hagen, Thomas Hoehler, Nils Homann, Hendrik Kroening, Peter Reichardt, Michael Rieger, Christian Teschendorf, Eray Goekkurt, Udo Lindig, Wolff H. Schmiegel, Claudia Pauligk, Salah-Eddin Al-Batran
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

TPS4133 Background: Neoadjuvant or perioperative chemotherapy has become a standard of care for locally advanced, resectable gastric cancer and adenocarcinoma of the GEJ. However, patient’s outcome is still unsatisfactory and 5-year survival, even in prospective trials, has been below 40%. Targeting HER2 with Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab prolonged survival in patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer as did Trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive advanced gastric cancer. This provides a rationale for the evaluation of anti-HER2 treatment for resectable patients. Methods: This is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, investigator initiated phase II trial. Patients with HER2-positive locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the stomach and GEJ (i.e. ≥cT2 any N or any T N-positive) with exclusion of distant metastases are enrolled. HER2 status is centrally assessed. Patients are randomized 1:1 to 4 pre-operative 2-week cycles (8 weeks) of FLOT (Docetaxel 50 mg/m²; Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m²; Leucovorin 200 mg/m²; 5-FU 2600 mg/m²) followed by surgery and 4 additional cycles of FLOT (arm A); or the same therapy in combination with Trastuzumab 8/6 mg/kg and Pertuzumab 840 mg every 3 weeks pre- and postop, followed by a total of 9 additional cycles of Trastuzumab/Pertuzumab monotherapy (arm B). Primary endpoint of the phase II part (n = 100) of the trial is to show numerical improvement of the rate of pathological complete remission to approx. 25% with antibodies compared to approx. 16% with FLOT alone as assessed by a centralized pathology. Main secondary endpoints are safety and tolerability. Once results from phase II become available, study transition into phase III will be evaluated based on de facto results and current medical standards. Recruitment has already started; by February 2017 a total of 19 patients have been randomized. EudraCT: 2014-002695-86 Clinical trial information: NCT02581462.
Dissemination of universal genetic testing to three unique oncology care settings.
Authors: Erica Bednar, Kimberly I. Muse, Holly D. Oakley, Ellen Baker, Michael T. Walsh, Rebekah C. Krukenberg, Cara S. Dresbold, Nichole A. Morman, Elizabeth C. Bowdish, Julia N. Cooper, Emaline E Wise, Amanda L. Eppolito, Kelly B. Teed, Molly H. Klein, Han Chao, Michael W. Method, Andrew V. Grainger, John W. Henson, Karen H. Lu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

1590 Background: Efforts are occurring across the United States to improve the rates of identification and standard of care genetic counseling (GC) and genetic testing (GT) of pts with breast and ovarian cancer. Following a successful quality improvement (QI) initiative to increase referrals and utilization of GC/GT among pts with breast and ovarian cancer to &gt;80% at our host site (HS), we sought to disseminate the QI project to three unique oncology care settings (OCS). Methods: The OCS described in the Table are certified members of the HS network, were strategically identified, and agreed to participate in the QI project. Genetic counselors at the HS and OCS built teams to plan and initiate the project. A 130-item environmental scan was created by the HS team to assess OCS structure, resources, and GC/GT processes. OCS teams completed the environmental scan and a semi-structured interview with the HS; and from this, barriers to GC/GT were identified, then categorized using Ishikawa diagrams. Clinical interventions were designed to address these barriers. Resulting QI protocols follow the PDSA-cycle QI model. A database was built for retrospective and prospective data collection of eligible pts and rates of GC/GT referral and completion from 2015-2018. Results: Although unique barriers were identified at each OCS, all identified: pt referral/scheduling issues, technology and electronic medical record system inefficiencies, and inconsistent physician referral/GT practices. OCS interventions include: implementation of physician-coordinated GT, GC within chemo infusion suites, physician education sessions, GC scheduling improvements, creation of pt education documents, and development of referral tracking processes. Conclusions: Genetic counselors collaborated, planned, and initiated dissemination of a QI project to improve GC/GT utilization at three unique OCS. QI interventions were developed to address the unique environment and barriers at each OCS. [Table: see text]
EGFR modulates monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis through phosphorylation of SCD1 in lung cancer
Authors: Jiqin Zhang, Fei Song, Xiaojing Zhao, Hua Jiang, Xiuqi Wu, Biao Wang, Min Zhou, Mi Tian, Bizhi Shi, Huamao Wang, Yuanhui Jia, Hai Wang, Xiaorong Pan, Zonghai Li
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2017)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a well-known oncogenic driver, contributes to the initiation and progression of a wide range of cancer types. Aberrant lipid metabolism including highly produced monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) is recognized as a hallmark of cancer. However, how EGFR regulates MUFA synthesis in cancer remains elusive. This is the focus of our study.The interaction between EGFR and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) was detected byco-immunoprecipitation. SCD1 protein expression, stability and phosphorylation were tested by western blot. The synthesis of MUFA was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The growth of lung cancer was detected by CCK-8 assay, Annexin V/PI staining, colony formation assay and subcutaneous xenograft assay. The expression of activated EGFR, phosphorylated and total SCD1 was tested by immunohistochemistry in 90 non-small cell lung cancersamples. The clinical correlations were analyzed by Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis and Cox regression.EGFR binds to and phosphorylates SCD1 at Y55. Phosphorylation of Y55 is required for maintaining SCD1 protein stability and thus increases MUFA level to facilitate lung cancer growth. Moreover, EGFR-stimulated cancer growth depends on SCD1 activity. Evaluation of non-small cell lung cancersamples reveals a positive correlation among EGFR activation, SCD1 Y55 phosphorylation and SCD1 protein expression. Furthermore, phospho-SCD1 Y55 can serve as an independent prognostic factor for poor patient survival.Ourstudy demonstrates that EGFR stabilizes SCD1 through Y55 phosphorylation, thereby up-regulating MUFA synthesis to promote lung cancer growth. Thus, we provide the first evidence that SCD1 can be subtly controlled by tyrosine phosphorylation and uncover a previously unknown direct linkage between oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase and lipid metabolism in lung cancer. We also propose SCD1 Y55 phosphorylation as a potential diagnostic marker for lung cancer.
Reducing undiagnosed HIV infection among adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa: Provider-initiated and opt-out testing are not enough
Authors: Marguerita Lightfoot, Megan Dunbar, Sheri D. Weiser
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2017)

While identifying individuals with HIV infection and linking them to subsequent antiretroviral (ARV) treatment can be effective in reducing HIV transmission at the population level, these efforts are hampered by the lack of HIV testing uptake among older children and adolescents.The prevalence of undiagnosed HIV infection is significantly higher among older children and adolescents than adults [1], particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where only 13% of girls and 9% of boys have been tested for HIV and know their results [2].This leads to significant morbidity and mortality among children and adolescents, who are often not diagnosed until the onset of AIDS.Furthermore, these undiagnosed infections continue to drive the epidemic, particularly as adolescents become sexually active.As such, the World Health Organization has prioritized older children and adolescents as a key population for HIV testing [3].The paper by Simms and colleagues [4] appearing in this week's PLOS Medicine examines the impact of an important strategy, provider-initiated testing and counseling (PITC) among older children and adolescents in Zimbabwe. The limitations of PITCA recent systematic review concluded that PITC is the most commonly used strategy for HIV testing to identify undiagnosed children and adolescents, likely because of its seeming ease to implement and its documented high uptake and yield in previous studies [5].The review highlighted that this strategy is more likely to identify those adolescents already showing symptoms of HIV and who may therefore have more advanced disease, which prompts their provider to offer an HIV test [5].However, Simms and colleagues hypothesized that by offering PITC over a 2-year period in primary care settings through an opt-out testing approach, most older children and adolescents living with undiagnosed HIV would likely present for primary care at some point, and thus, this approach would identify a higher proportion of undiagnosed nonsymptomatic HIV infection than is typical of PITC.The authors found that uptake of testing when offered by providers at primary care clinics was relatively high (79.3%),and based on the household survey in areas served by those clinics, they found that 37.7% of HIV-infected patients were previously undiagnosed.Extrapolating from their sample to the target population, they estimate that PITC identified between 18% and 42% of previously undiagnosed children and adolescents in the community.Over one-quarter of older children or adolescents with unknown HIV status who presented to care did not have a parent or suitable guardian with them and hence were not eligible for
Biologics for psoriasis: more drugs, new patient categories, but fresh challenges for clinical dermatologists
Authors: A.E. Pink, C.H. Smith
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2017)

When the efficacy of infliximab in psoriasis was first reported in 2001,1 no new systemic treatments had been introduced since ciclosporin in the 1980s, and prolonged inpatient stays dogged National Health Service 'length of stay' targets. Move forward to 2017, and etanercept, adalimumab (antitumour necrosis factor‐α), ustekinumab [anti‐interleukin (IL)‐12/23] and most recently secukinumab and ixekizumab (anti‐IL‐17A) have all been introduced, while efalizumab (anti‐CD11a) has come and gone. These biologic agents target highly specific parts of the innate and adaptive immune pathways that underpin psoriasis2 and have fundamentally changed the treatment paradigm for people with moderate‐to‐severe disease. All of the biologic agents licensed for use in adults in psoriasis are effective, cost‐effective and, of relevance to funding in the U.K., approved by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Formal NICE evaluation of agents licensed in children (adalimumab, etanercept, ustekinumab) is expected this year.3 What then, are the challenges in treating psoriasis in 2017 and what will they be in the next 10 years?
Final Report of Phase 1 Study of the DOT1L Inhibitor, Pinometostat (EPZ-5676), in Children with Relapsed or Refractory MLL-r Acute Leukemia
Authors: Neerav Shukla, Cynthia Wetmore, Maureen M O'Brien, Lewis B. Silverman, Patrick Brown, Todd M Cooper, Blythe Thomson, Stephen J. Blakemore, Scott Daigle, Ben Suttle, Nigel J. Waters, Andrei V Krivstov, Scott A. Armstrong, Peter T Ho, Lia Gore
Journal: Blood (2016)
Lenalidomide Maintenance After Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Philip L. McCarthy, Sarah A. Holstein, Maria Teresa Petrucci, Paul G. Richardson, Cyrille Hulin, Patrizia Tosi, Sara Bringhen, Pellegrino Musto, Kenneth C. Anderson, Denis Caillot, Francesca Gay, Philippe Moreau, Gerald Marit, Sin-Ho Jung, Zhinuan Yu, Benjamin Winograd, Robert D. Knight, Antonio Palumbo, Michel Attal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

Purpose Lenalidomide maintenance therapy after autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) demonstrated prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) versus placebo or observation in several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). All studies had PFS as the primary end point, and none were powered for overall survival (OS) as a primary end point. Thus, a meta-analysis was conducted to better understand the impact of lenalidomide maintenance in this setting. Patients and Methods The meta-analysis was conducted using primary-source patient-level data and documentation from three RCTs (Cancer and Leukemia Group B 100104, Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell'Adulto RV-MM-PI-209, and Intergroupe Francophone du Myélome 2005-02) that met the following prespecified inclusion criteria: an RCT in patients with NDMM receiving ASCT followed by lenalidomide maintenance versus placebo or observation with patient-level data available and achieved database lock for primary efficacy analysis. Results Overall, 1,208 patients were included in the meta-analysis (605 patients in the lenalidomide maintenance group and 603 in the placebo or observation group). The median PFS was 52.8 months for the lenalidomide group and 23.5 months for the placebo or observation group (hazard ratio, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.55). At a median follow-up time of 79.5 months for all surviving patients, the median OS had not been reached for the lenalidomide maintenance group, whereas it was 86.0 months for the placebo or observation group (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.90; P = .001). The cumulative incidence rate of a second primary malignancy before disease progression was higher with lenalidomide maintenance versus placebo or observation, whereas the cumulative incidence rates of progression, death, or death as a result of myeloma were all higher with placebo or observation versus lenalidomide maintenance. Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrates a significant OS benefit and confirms the PFS benefit with lenalidomide maintenance after ASCT in patients with NDMM when compared with placebo or observation.
Evaluation of early administration of simvastatin in the prevention and treatment of delirium in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation (MoDUS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Valerie J Page, Annalisa Casarin, E Wesley Ely, Xiao Bei Zhao, Cliona McDowell, Lynn Murphy, Daniel F McAuley
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2017)