tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Thomas Stuttaford: media doctor and celebrity patient
Authors: John Illman
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Credit: Neil Spence/Alamy

Thomas Stuttaford was the medical correspondent and columnist for the Times newspaper for over 25 years. He was also an MP, medical adviser to Conservative Central Office, broadcaster, renovator of historical houses, and ornithologist, as well as a highly controversial celebrity patient (by virtue of his prostate gland) and a great believer in the healing power of a glass of red wine.

“Dr Tom” was one of those charmed men who pick up life’s glittering prizes by being in the right place at the right time with the right people—particularly Harold Evans, one of his patients and then editor of the Times . Stuttaford’s journalistic career spanned the explosion in health reporting over the past 40 years and the new era of mass market magazines devoted entirely to men’s health, women’s health, complementary medicine, and general fitness.

He maintained that the media had revolutionised the relationship between doctors and patients and told me in 1999: “I’ve always believed that informing patients was well done by the media. I’m not sure whether doctors would have moved down the …
Hydrochlorothiazide use and risk for Merkel cell carcinoma and malignant adnexal skin tumors: A nationwide case-control study
Authors: Sidsel Arnspang Pedersen, Sigrun Alba Johannesdottir Schmidt, Lisbet Rosenkrantz Hölmich, Søren Friis, Anton Pottegård, David Gaist
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2018)
EMBR-04. WHAT THE FOX SAY? A MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF FOXR2 IN PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMORS
Authors: Sjoerd van Rijn, Mikaella Vouri, Stefan M Pfister, Daisuke Kawauchi, Marcel Kool
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

FOXR2 is a transcription factor and has been identified as a putative oncogene in various human cancers but its oncogenic mechanism remains largely unknown. Recently, we identified four new pediatric brain tumor entities among molecularly re-classified CNS-PNETs. The genetic hallmark of one of these new entities, designated as CNS NB-FOXR2, is a genomic aberration present in nearly all cases that leads to transcriptional activation of FOXR2. FOXR2 is not expressed in normal brain and most other brain tumor entities. Only some SHH medulloblastomas and pediatric glioblastomas show FOXR2 expression that we observed to be caused by similar genomic aberrations as in CNS NB-FOXR2 tumors. Interestingly, transcriptome and genomic analyses show that FOXR2 activation in CNS NB-FOXR2, SHH MB, and GBM tumors is mutually exclusive from MYC(N) activation, but expression profiles of FOXR2 activated tumors are still highly similar to MYC(N) activated tumors. These data suggest that FOXR2 may either interact with MYC(N) or activate the same set of genes independent from MYC(N). To investigate the function of FOXR2 in these brain tumors and how it may interact with MYC(N), we overexpressed FOXR2 w/o MYC(N) in human neural stem cells and mouse cerebellar precursors and analyzed them both in vitro and in vivo. In vivo analyses revealed that FOXR2 expression alone is sufficient to induce tumors and introducing dominant-negative p53 accelerated that tumor growth. In vitro analyses suggest that FOXR2 interacts with MYCN, leading to stabilization of the protein. Our data would provide a tentative mechanism of FOXR2 oncogenic potential.
Spontaneous Transformation from EGFR and ALK Wild-Type Lung Adenocarcinoma to Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
Authors: Hidenori Kage, Shinji Kohsaka, Aya Shinozaki-Ushiku, Tetsuo Ushiku, Daiya Takai, Jun Nakajima, Kiyoshi Miyagawa, Hiroyuki Aburatani, Hiroyuki Mano, Takahide Nagase
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2018)
Phase Ia study of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) inhibitor navoximod (GDC-0919) in patients with recurrent advanced solid tumors
Authors: Asha Nayak-Kapoor, Zhonglin Hao, Ramses Sadek, Robin Dobbins, Lisa Marshall, Nicholas N. Vahanian, W. Jay Ramsey, Eugene Kennedy, Mario R. Mautino, Charles J. Link, Ray S. Lin, Stephanie Royer-Joo, Xiaorong Liang, Laurent Salphati, Kari M. Morrissey, Sami Mahrus, Bruce McCall, Andrea Pirzkall, David H. Munn, John E. Janik, Samir N. Khleif
Journal: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer (2018)

Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the oxidation of tryptophan into kynurenine and is partially responsible for acquired immune tolerance associated with cancer. The IDO1 small molecule inhibitor navoximod (GDC-0919, NLG-919) is active as a combination therapy in multiple tumor models.
NSRG-26. ENDOSCOPIC RESECTION OF INTRAVENTRICULAR LESIONS USING AN ENDOSCOPIC ULTRASONIC ASPIRATOR
Authors: Charlotte Burford, Nida Kalyal, John Hanrahan, Ali Ansaripour, Wisam Al-Faiadh, Anna Oviedova, Prajwal Ghimire, Cristina Bleil, Bassel Zebian
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

The use of the endoscopic ultrasonic aspirator for the management of intraventricular tumours is still in its infancy. We share our early experience using the aspirator in the management of intraventricular, paraventricular and suprasellar tumours. 19 patients (10 males, 9 females) underwent 22 operations with the endoscopic ultrasonic aspirator. Ages ranged from 6 months to 86 years. Tumour types included: a choroid plexus papilloma (grade II), an infiltrative glioma (grade II), an intraventricular meningioma (grade I-II), a diffuse glioma (grade II-III), three craniopharyngiomas, an anaplastic ependymoma (grade III), two glioblastomas (grade IV), an immature teratoma, 2 gangliogliomas (grade I), a choroid plexus cyst, a central neurocytoma (grade II), a pineocytoma (grade I), a metastasis (lung primary), a subependymoma (grade I) and a pilocytic astrocytoma with pilomyxoid features (grade I). A monoportal approach guided by neuronavigation was used in all patients. Of the 22 procedures, 18 were carried out in patients with hydrocephalus. In 6 procedures a total or near-total resection was achieved. Tumour resection was limited by tumour location, size and consistency as well as instrumentation. The endoscopic ultrasonic aspirator is a powerful addition to our neuro-endoscopic armamentarium and with further development, endoscopic total resections may become more commonplace.
“Safe spaces” for conducting healthcare failure investigations will increase litigation, MPs hear
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Government plans to create “safe spaces” for NHS investigations into care failings in England will harm patients’ trust and drive more into litigation, the head of a leading patients’ safety charity has told MPs and peers.1

Peter Walsh, chief executive of Action Against Medical Accidents (AvMA), said that the provisions in the draft Health Service Safety Investigations Bill would “destroy confidence and create an adversarial culture.”

He was giving evidence to a committee of MPs and lords examining the draft bill, which creates a new independent Health Service Safety Investigations Body (HSSIB), expected to carry out around 30 major safety investigations a year. As with air accident investigations, the idea is that a safe space would encourage all those involved in the incident to give evidence candidly.

Jeremy Hunt, the health …
Mendelian Randomization Evidence for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine
Authors: Christopher J. O’Donnell
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Risk factors and epidemiological features of pancreatic cancer in Iran
Authors: A. Pourshams
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Introduction: Pancreatic cancer (PC) has the lowest survival rate of all cancers worldwide. PC is more common in affluent nations, but it is on the rise in developing countries. Although increasing in PC incidence is largely because aging, it is necessary to know its risks, to be able to control PC in developing countries. Methods: In a prospective study, cases (new incident pathology confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinoma) and controls (patients with GI motility disorders, but not any pancreatic disease or any cancer) were selected from who were referred to Shariati Hospital in Tehran, Iran from January 2011 to January 2018. A validated structured questionnaire was used to interview 462 PC cases and 476 matched controls (age and sex) before to made final diagnosis for the cases and controls. All cases and controls were under active follow up. Results: The median (±SD) age at time of PC diagnosis was 65±11 years and 60.8% were male with a male-to-female ratio of 3:1. After adjustment for potential confounders, opium use (OR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.09–3.28) and alcohol consumption (OR = 3.88, 95% CI 1.89–8.63) were significantly associated with an increased risk of PC. No association was found between ever tobacco smoking and PC risk (OR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.60 –1.43). Increasing consumption of barbecuing red meat and deep fried vegetables was associated with 67% and 70% increased risk of PC (p-value 0.025 and 0.006, respectively). In contrary to increasing frequency of fish consumption was associated with a lower risk of PC (OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.59–1.47; p for trend 0.009). Strong association was found between PC and obesity (OR = 3.52, 95% CI 2.20 - 6.48) as well as long term diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.26 - 3.31). High-wealth status were inversely associated with risk of PC. Age at menarche and menopause, number of parity, gravidity, and abortion were not associated with PC risk in women. Median overall survival was 6.3 months. Only 5.3% of cases underwent a curative surgery. Cases who were married (6.4 vs 5.8 months; log-rank P =.01), had university education (10.4 vs 5.9 months; log-rank P =.004) and were urban residents (6.5 vs 5.3 months; log-rank P =.03) had longer survival. Patients with a tumor >4 Cm, stage ≥III and those who consumed opium had the worst prognosis. Chemotherapy alone did not increase the patient's longevity. Conclusion: Obesity, diabetes mellitus, low socio-economic status, opium use and alcohol consumption, but no cigarette smoking, were associated with an increased risk of PC in our population.
Association of Blood Pressure Measurements With Peripheral Artery Disease Events
Authors: Nathan K. Itoga, Daniel S. Tawfik, Charles K. Lee, Satoshi Maruyama, Nicholas J. Leeper, Tara I. Chang
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Current guidelines recommend treating hypertension in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) to reduce the risk of cardiac events and stroke, but the effect of reducing blood pressure on lower extremity PAD events is largely unknown. We investigated the association of blood pressure with lower extremity PAD events using data from the ALLHAT trial (Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial). Methods: ALLHAT investigated the effect of different antihypertensive medication classes (chlorthalidone, amlodipine, lisinopril, or doxazosin) on cardiovascular events. With the use of these data, the primary outcome in our analysis was time to first lower extremity PAD event, defined as PAD-related hospitalization, procedures, medical treatment, or PAD-related death. Given the availability of longitudinal standardized blood pressure measurements, we analyzed systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse pressure as time-varying categorical variables (reference categories 120–129 mm Hg for SBP, 70–79 mm Hg for DBP, and 45–54 mm Hg for pulse pressure) in separate models. We used extended Cox regression with death as a competing risk to calculate the association of each blood pressure component with PAD events, and report the results as subdistribution hazard ratios and 95% CIs. Results: The present analysis included 33 357 patients with an average age of 67.4 years, 53.1% men, 59.7% white race, and 36.2% with diabetes mellitus. The median baseline blood pressure was 146/84 mm Hg. Participants were followed for a median of 4.3 (interquartile range, 3.6–5.3) years, during which time 1489 (4.5%) had a lower extremity PAD event, and 4148 (12.4%) died. In models adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics, SBP &lt;120 mm Hg was associated with a 26% (CI, 5%–52%; P =0.015) higher hazard and SBP≥160 mm Hg was associated with a 21% (CI, 0%–48%; P =0.050) higher hazard for a PAD event, in comparison with SBP 120 to 129 mm Hg. In contrast, lower, but not higher, DBP was associated with a higher hazard of PAD events: for DBP &lt;60 mm Hg (hazard ratio, 1.72; CI, 1.38–2.16). Pulse pressure had a U-shaped association with PAD events. Conclusions: In this reanalysis of data from ALLHAT, we found a higher rate of lower extremity PAD events with higher and lower SBP and pulse pressure and with lower DBP. Given the recent revised blood pressure guidelines advocating lower SBP targets for overall cardiovascular risk reduction, further refinement of optimal blood pressure targets specific to PAD is needed. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00000542.
Corticosteroid Use and <i>Pneumocystis</i> Pneumonia Prophylaxis
Authors: Jaclyn LoPiccolo, Seema A. Mehta, Evan J. Lipson
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
EPID-15. CHILDHOOD BRAIN TUMORS IN MOROCCO AN 11-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Amal Haimer, Faouzi Habib, Abdelmajid Soulaymani, Abdelrhani Mokhtari, Hinde Hami
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

This study was conducted to determine the epidemiological aspects of pediatric brain tumors in Morocco. This is a descriptive retrospective study of children with brain tumors, diagnosed and treated at Al Azhar Oncology Center in Rabat between 2005 and 2015. During the study period, 10 children under the age of 15 years were diagnosed with brain tumors at Al Azhar Oncology Center, accounting for 8.7% of all cancers in children collected during this period. Nearly two-thirds of the cases (60%) were boys with a male-female ratio of 1.5. The average age of diagnosis was 7.6 ± 3.3 years (range 3-13). One-half of the cases were diagnosed in children aged 5-9 years (50%). Among the cases for whom the outcome was known, a 13-year-old girl died during the study period. Although rare, cancer in children has a substantial impact on public health in Morocco. A national cancer registry will assist in better planning, resource allocation and management including psychosocial support to improve the quality of life of childhood cancer survivors and their families.
MBCL-18. CHEK2 MUTATION IN HIGH-RISK MEDULLOBLASTOMA
Authors: Nidhi Shah, Andrew Walter
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

Childhood cancer remains the leading cause of non-accidental death in children, with brain and central nervous system malignancies comprising about 18% of new diagnoses each year. Combination therapy, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy in standard-risk medulloblastoma has led to cure rates of 80% or better. The 20% of tumors that do not respond to traditional therapies, or relapse early, could be due to activation of tumor predisposition genes. CHEK2 is cell cycle checkpoint kinase 2, a tumor suppressor gene associated with increased risk of malignancies, most commonly breast and prostate cancer. Here we discuss a case of medulloblastoma, with evidence of germline and tumor CHEK2 mutation. This 4 year-old child was initially treated with surgery, achieving gross total resection, chemotherapy, tandem stem cell rescue, as well as local radiation therapy to posterior fossa. One year after completion of therapy, she relapsed with disease outside of the radiation field. Next generation sequencing of the whole genome performed on tumor tissue resulted in CHEK2 T367 mutation in the absence of TP53 mutation, or other mutations of known tumor suppressor genes. TP53 mutation is a cancer predisposition syndrome, associated with Li Fraumeni syndrome. CHEK2 mutation has been associated with worse progression-free survival in cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Thus far, there have been no reported primary brain and central nervous system malignancies associated with CHEK2 mutation. This finding of CHEK2 mutation in medulloblastoma further supports the need for next generation sequencing on high-risk tumor types to predict response to therapy and overall prognosis.
Improvement of metastatic colorectal cancer patient survival: Single institution experience
Authors: E. Fenocchio, F. Colombi, M. Calella, R. Filippi, I. Depetris, P. Lombardi, D. Marino, C. Cagnazzo, R. Ferraris, M. Vaira, M. Aglietta, F. Leone
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)

Introduction: The outcome of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has significantly improved over the last two decades, reaching a median overall survival (mOS) of around 30 months, more than double that 20 years ago. Both surgery and a more aggressive systemic approach may have contributed to this result. The aim of this study is to describe the evolution of survival of mCRC patients followed at a single institution over the past 17 years, investigating the possible influence of tumour characteristics, as well as the changes in treatment practice through the years. Methods: We retrospectively collected data from 788 mCRC patients treated from 2001 to 2016. As molecular targeted agents were introduced in clinical practice in 2007, in order to detect survival changes, patients were divided into two groups according to the year of metastatic disease diagnosis: Cohort A (between 2001 and 2006) and Cohort B (between 2007 and 2014). Results: 788 patients with a minimum follow-up period of two years were analyzed (365 in Cohort A and 423 in Cohort B). The mOS was 32.0 months (95% CI; 28.8 to 35.3 months). Patients' survival in Cohort B was significantly longer compared to Cohort A (median 33.5 months vs 29.2 months respectively, HR 0.832; 95% CI 0.697-0.992; p = 0.041). Surgical procedures increased from 42% in Cohort A to 58% in Cohort B, p < 0.009: particularly extra-hepatic surgery (from 21.4% to 33.9%; p < 0.005). No differences in survival of patients who underwent surgery – in addition to a systemic treatment – were detected between Cohorts (median 58.9 months vs 58.2 months, HR 1.033; 95% CI, 0.779-1.369; p = 0.822). Similarly, we failed to demonstrate a survival improvement in patients treated with systemic treatment alone (with or without targeted agents): mOS 18.9 months in Cohort A vs 20.7 months in Cohort B (HR 1.0 - IC 95% 0.799-1.271; p = 0.948). At the multivariate analysis, a right-sided primary tumour and synchronous metastatic disease were found independent unfavorable prognostic factors. In these subgroups, survival improved in Cohort B. In particular, in patients with right-sided tumours, median survival was 18.5 months in Cohort A and 25.8 months in Cohort B (p = 0.041). Conclusion: The results of our studies suggest that in current clinical practice, unless patients are classified as unfit for therapy, the therapeutic strategy is moving towards intensive treatment where at least two cytotoxic therapies are combined together with biological agents, and a multimodal approach where surgery of metastatic sites is considered feasible. This approach seems appropriate to increase patient survival. In particular, it is likely that poor prognostic subgroups of mCRC patients would benefit from an integration of medical and surgical treatments in a 'continuum of care' strategy.