tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Radiation induces proinflammatory dysbiosis: transmission of inflammatory susceptibility by host cytokine induction
Authors: Shiran Gerassy-Vainberg, Alexandra Blatt, Yael Danin-Poleg, Katya Gershovich, Edmond Sabo, Alex Nevelsky, Shahar Daniel, Aviva Dahan, Oren Ziv, Rishu Dheer, Maria T Abreu, Omry Koren, Yechezkel Kashi, Yehuda Chowers
Journal: Gut (2017)

Radiation proctitis (RP) is a complication of pelvic radiotherapy which affects both the host and microbiota. Herein we assessed the radiation effect on microbiota and its relationship to tissue damage using a rectal radiation mouse model.We evaluated luminal and mucosa-associated dysbiosis in irradiated and control mice at two postradiation time points and correlated it with clinical and immunological parameters. Epithelial cytokine response was evaluated using bacterial-epithelial co-cultures. Subsequently, germ-free (GF) mice were colonised with postradiation microbiota and controls and exposed to radiation, or dextran sulfate-sodium (DSS). Interleukin (IL)-1β correlated with tissue damage and was induced by dysbiosis. Therefore, we tested its direct role in radiation-induced damage by IL-1 receptor antagonist administration to irradiated mice.A postradiation shift in microbiota was observed. A unique microbial signature correlated with histopathology. Increased colonic tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, IL-1β and IL-6 expression was observed at two different time points. Adherent microbiota from RP differed from those in uninvolved segments and was associated with tissue damage. Using bacterial-epithelial co-cultures, postradiation microbiota enhanced IL-1β and TNFα expression compared with naïve microbiota. GF mice colonisation by irradiated microbiota versus controls predisposed mice to both radiation injury and DSS-induced colitis. IL-1 receptor antagonist administration ameliorated intestinal radiation injury.The results demonstrate that rectal radiation induces dysbiosis, which transmits radiation and inflammatory susceptibility and provide evidence that microbial-induced radiation tissue damage is at least in part mediated by IL-1β. Environmental factors may affect the host via modifications of the microbiome and potentially allow for novel interventional approaches via its manipulation.
P17.03 Intracranial haemangiopericytoma- clinical experience from a tertiary care centre in north India
Authors: A. Biswas, S. Gupta
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Intracranial haemangiopericytoma is a rare non-meningothelial mesenchymal tumour accounting for less than 1 percent of all central nervous system tumours. A retrospective review of medical records of patients with intracranial haemangiopericytoma (2007-2012) was conducted. Recurrence free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were analysed by Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate analysis of RFS was done by log rank test.Thirty patients (median age 42.5 years; male: female ratio 7:3) met the study criterion. The most common tumour location was occipital lobe (23.3%). Gross total resection could be performed in 16 (53.3%) patients. Post-operative histopathology revealed haemangiopericytoma, grade II in 18 and grade III in 12 patients. Conformal radiation therapy (median dose 60 Gray in 30 fractions in 6 weeks) was delivered in 24 (80%) patients. Systemic chemotherapy was administered in 4 (13.3%) patients of anaplastic haemangiopericytoma mostly in metastatic or recurrent setting. After a mean follow-up of 33.84 months, local recurrence and distant metastases were discerned in 36.7% and 7.4% of the patients. Estimated median RFS was noted to be 4.61 years. Median overall survival was not reached. On univariate analysis of RFS, though young age at presentation (<40 years), gross total excision and grade II tumour led to numerically superior RFS, the results were statistically non-significant (p>0.05) perhaps due to small sample size. Maximal safe resection followed by post-operative conformal radiation is a reasonable treatment option for patients with intracranial haemangiopericytoma in our setting. Chemotherapy can be reserved for systemic recurrence.
Prospective, Non-Randomized, Open-Label, Single-Arm, Multi-Center Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Immunoglobulin 10% Formulation in Patients with Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)
Authors: Soo-Mee Bang, Yeung-Chul Mun, Ho-Jin Shin, Chul Won Jung, Sung Hwa Bae, Sang Kyun Sohn, Kyoung Ha Kim, Hawk Kim, Ho-Young Yhim, Junshik Hong, Hye Joo Kim, Jae-hoon Lee, Doyeun Oh
Journal: Blood (2016)
Sleep apnoea, insulin resistance and diabetes: the first step is in the fat
Authors: Isaac Almendros, Francisco García-Río
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2017)

Over the last few years, the relationship between obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and various metabolic disorders, especially type 2 diabetes (T2D), has emerged strongly. This circumstance is particularly relevant in terms of public healthcare, considering that 415 million people were affected by diabetes in 2015, with an expected prevalence of 642 million by 2040. To this, we must also add another 318 million individuals with features indicating future risk for developing T2D, including fasting hyperglycaemia, impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance [1]. The healthcare expenditure for diabetes in Europe was about €75 billion in 2011, which is projected to increase to €90 billion by 2030 [1, 2]. Intermittent hypoxia's effect on adipose tissue induces insulin resistance: a first step in the OSA–diabetes link <http://ow.ly/UzIm309kEMi>
Influenza Vaccination in the First Trimester of Pregnancy and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Brian S. Hooker
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure
Authors: Clyde W. Yancy, Mariell Jessup, Biykem Bozkurt, Javed Butler, Donald E. Casey, Monica M. Colvin, Mark H. Drazner, Gerasimos S. Filippatos, Gregg C. Fonarow, Michael M. Givertz, Steven M. Hollenberg, JoAnn Lindenfeld, Frederick A. Masoudi, Patrick E. McBride, Pamela N. Peterson, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Cheryl Westlake
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Long-Term Survival Is Demonstrated in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Both the Consolidation and Salvage Settings
Authors: Phyllis McKiernan, David S. Siegel, David H. Vesole, Tracy Andrews, Scott D. Rowley, Noa Biran, Joshua R. Richter, Andrew L. Pecora, Alan P Skarbnik, Andre Goy, Michele L. Donato
Journal: Blood (2016)
P10.02 Malignant transformation of low-grade gliomas. Prognostic implications from mathematical model
Authors: M. U. Bogdańska, M. Bodnar, M. J. Piotrowska, M. Murek, P. Schucht, J. Beck, A. Martınez-Gonzalez, V. M. Perez-Garcia
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Introduction: The malignant transformation (MT) (or progression) of low-grade gliomas (LGG) into higher-grade ones is the beginning of the end for patients suffering this disease. The MT has been discussed to be either due to the acquisition of new mutations for LGG cells leading to more aggressive phenotypes and genotypes, or due to an irreversible damage to the tumour microenvironment that leads to hypoxia and the growth of increasingly aggressive tumour cells. Since therapeutic decisions depend on the tumour grade, many efforts have been devoted to the radiological identification of signatures of the transformation using different imaging techniques. Our goal was to study if mathematical predictive models were able to predict the time to MT in advance on the basis of imaging data. MATERIALS & METHODS: An evolutive mathematical model based on partial differential equations describing the growth of LGG cells and their transformation to a high grade tumour cells was developed using a minimal number of biological parameters. The model was fitted to longitudinal imaging data (T2 and/or FLAIR) of LGG patients and used to predict the evolution of the disease. Results: Patient-specific parameters where found for each tumour. Using these parameters we computed the tumour volumetric dynamics, velocity of growth and predicted the time to malignant transformation. Both the average proliferation rate of LGG cells and the maximal initial tumour cell density were found to be strongly correlated with the time to MT. We found several quantitative measures from imaging data which could be used as imaging biomarkers indicative of increased risk of progression. The mathematical model were also used to test if novel chemotherapy schedules could be used to delay the time to MT. Conclusions: The combination of standard imaging techniques and mathematical modelling could predict the risk of progression of LGGs. Further mathematical studies aimed at improving the understanding of the evolution of these tumours around the onset malignant transformation and revising the impact of optimised therapeutical schedules on the tumour progression are under way. FUNDING: This work has been partially supported by James S. Mc. Donnell Foundation (USA) 21st Century Science Initiative in Mathematical and Complex Systems Approaches for Brain Cancer [Collaborative award 220020450 and planning grant 220020420] and MINECO/FEDER (Spain) [MTM2015-71200-R]. National Science Centre (Poland) supported the work of MUB [grant no. 2015/17/N/ST1/02564], MB and MJP [grant no. 2015/19/B/ST1/01163].
Indole alkaloid sulfonic acids from an aqueous extract of Isatis indigotica roots and their antiviral activity
Authors: Lingjie Meng, Qinglan Guo, Yufeng Liu, Minghua Chen, Yuhuan Li, Jiandong Jiang, Jiangong Shi
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2017)

Six new indole alkaloid sulfonic acids (1–6), together with two analogues (7 and 8) that were previously reported as synthetic products, were isolated from an aqueous extract of the Isatis indigotica root. Their structures including the absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic data analysis, combined with enzyme hydrolysis and comparison of experimental circular dichroism and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. In the preliminary assay, compounds 2 and 4 showed antiviral activity against Coxsackie virus B3 and influenza virus A/Hanfang/359/95 (H3N2), respectively.
IFITM3 inhibits virus-triggered induction of type I interferon by mediating autophagosome-dependent degradation of IRF3
Authors: Li-Qun Jiang, Tian Xia, Yun-Hong Hu, Ming-Shun Sun, Shuang Yan, Cao-Qi Lei, Hong-Bing Shu, Ji-Hua Guo, Yu Liu
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2017)
P09.30 ABCB1 genotype predictive for survival in glioblastoma treated with radiotherapy and concomitant temozolomide
Authors: A. Malmstrom, M. Łysiak, M. Mudaisi, I. Jakobsen Falk, H. Broholm, L. Åkesson, H. Skovgaard Poulsen, M. Hallbeck, H. Green, P. Söderkvist
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

INTRODUCTION: Standard treatment for newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) patients is surgery followed by radiotherapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) given concomitant and adjuvant. Tumor MGMT methylation status has been identified as predictive for response to TMZ. Also other factors are believed to influence TMZ effect. We examined the role of different single nucleotide variants (SNV:s) of ABCB1, a transmembrane drug transporter, for survival for GBM patients receiving RT concomitant with TMZ. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Genomic samples from patients with GBM who received RT+TMZ concomitant was analyzed for SNV:s of ABCB1, namely variants G1199A, C1236T, G2677T_A and C3435T and correlated to overall survival (OS). ABCB1 was determined using DNA mainly from blood. Results: For a cohort of 97 patients treated between 2004 and 2014, 67% were male and 46% were over 60 years, 67% had radical surgery. For SNV G1199A median OS for variant G/G was 18.2 months versus 11.6 months for those with G/A (p=0.012), while the other SNV:s showed no significant correlation to survival. For those with methylated MGMT, for SNV G1199A median survival was 6.0 months compared to 23.4 months for G1199G. In multivariate analyses MGMT status and G1199A SNV were both independent factors for survival (p=0.00 and 0.04 respectively). CONCLUSION: For GBM patients receiving RT concomitant with TMZ the ABCB1 SNV G1199A could be a new treatment predictive factor. Expansion of the cohort to 200 patients is ongoing and a confirmatory cohort of 100 patients from Copenhagen will be analyzed. Updated results will be presented. This study received support from: LiUCancer, FORSS Regional Research Grant
Abstract P059: Cardiomyocyte Unfolded Protein Response Stimulates Autophagy
Authors: Zhao V Wang, Thomas G Gillette, Beverly A Rothermel, Joseph A Hill
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Background: Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process of protein and organelle recycling. Under basal conditions, autophagy is critical for protein and organelle quality control. This cannibalization mechanism, however, can be detrimental under certain conditions, and dysregulation of autophagy has been implicated in numerous diseases. Recently, activation of autophagic flux has been reported in cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a cellular mechanism triggered by folding stress in the ER. When protein folding capacity, governed by ER resident chaperones, is overwhelmed by misfolded proteins, ER stress ensues, stimulating chaperone protein expression, ER associated degradation, and ultimately cell death if the stress is not remediated. Recent studies in yeast suggest the UPR can directly activate autophagy by phosphorylating ATG1, a critical upstream kinase required during autophagy initiation. However, whether and how ER stress, which is active in cardiac disease, regulates autophagy in heart is unknown. Methods and Results: Using neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes in culture, we found the classical ER stress inducer, tunicamycin, triggers profound UPR signaling and autophagy up-regulation. The processing of LC3-II, an indication of autophagy activity, is dramatically increased. As multiple pathways are involved in ER stress, we focused on the IRE1/XBP1 branch. With cardiomyocyte-specific over-expression by lentivirus in vitro, we observed robust activation of autophagy. Further, we found that in vivo over-expression of XBP1s in cardiomyocytes triggered autophagy, as evidenced by real-time PCR and immunoblotting assays. As autophagy markers can accumulate due to blockage of lysosomal degradation, we quantified the lysosomal proteins, cathepsin D and LAMP1, finding each to be increased, suggesting that autophagic activity and flux per se are enhanced. Conclusions: Taken together, our data suggest that the XBP1s arm of the UPR pathway activates autophagic gene expression, autophagosome assembly, and autophagic flux.
P16.20 Effectiveness of navigation-guided cyst aspiration before resection of large cystic brain tumors
Authors: T. Roh, S. Kang, J. Chang
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

OBJECT: Tumors with a large cyst are challenging lesions to manage. Especially, if the cystic tumor is close to the corticospinal tract(CST), the risk of damage to CST is much higher. By aspirating the cyst before resection, it is possible to reduce the risk of damaging vital structures. We evaluated the effectiveness of cyst aspiration, by comparing pre- and post-aspiration DTI tractography METHODS: Between 2012 and 2015, 16 patients with large cystic tumor (>20cc) were enrolled. The patients first underwent MRI including diffusion tensor image tractography and navigation-guided aspiration of the cyst. Craniotomy for tumor resection was performed in a few days after the aspiration. Distances between the tumor margin and corticospinal tract before and after cyst aspiration, volume reduction, and postoperative outcome were assessed. Results: Volume of cyst decreased from 18.0-68.3 cm3 (mean 49.3 cm3) to 0.1-19.6 cm3 (mean 4.6 cm3) and distances from corticospinal tract and tumor margin increased from 1.0-13.5 mm (mean 5.8 mm) to 3.3-29.1 mm (mean 14.3 mm) following aspiration. Neurological symptoms of patients immediately improved after cyst aspiration. All patients underwent gross total resection of the tumor. No neurological deterioration was observed after tumor resection. Conclusions: Navigation-guided aspiration of cyst followed by resection is a useful and safe procedure for brain tumors with a large cystic component. The compressed brain tissue between tumor margin and vital structure expanded. Consequently, the maximal safe resection was possible.
Complete Response of Advanced Melanoma Treated With Talimogene Laherparepvec and Subsequent Sweet’s-like Infiltrate
Authors: Vishwas Parekh, Tara Gangadhar, Kristin L. Kreider, Rosalie Elenitsas, Emily Y. Chu
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
P03.16 Intracranial extraventricular neurocytoma: case report and literature review
Authors: J. Monteiro, C. Sousa, R. Manilha, D. Gonçalves, C. Viegas, A. Amorim, A. Oliveira, M. Cunha e Sá
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Introduction: Extraventricular neurocytomas are rare brain tumors with a reported worldwide incidence of only 0.13%. They originate from neuroepithelial tissue and may present throughout the central nervous system. They affect mostly young adults, and have a favorable prognosis. Due to their rarity, they are not well characterized and most features are derived from case reports. Extraventricular neurocytomas tend to be well circumscribed, contrast-enhancing and heterogeneously solid, often partly or mainly cystic. They share histological features with the more common central neurocytomas but are often more complex, less cellular, and more likely to contain ganglion cells. The primary differential diagnoses are oligodendroglioma, ganglioglioma, gangliocytoma, and dysembryoplastic neuropithelial tumor (DNET). Complete surgical resection is currently the optimal treatment choice. It is not clear whether tumors with anaplasia have a higher relapse rate or if they require adjuvant therapy. Materials and Methods: We report on a 48 year-old woman with a history of depression who was admitted for focal seizures characterized by left gaze tonic deviation over the last few months. The neurological examination was otherwise normal. Routine EEG showed no epileptic activity. MRI identified an intra-axial heterogeneous round mass in the right frontal lobe with faint heterogeneous enhancement after contrast administration and perilesional oedema. A low-grade glial tumor was suspected. Results: A left frontal craniotomy was performed. Intraoperative findings revealed a grayish and friable mass without superficial expression and with well-defined limits. A gross total resection was achieved. Histological analysis revealed a lesion with rounded cells displaying a “salt-and-pepper” chromatin pattern, Homer Wright rosettes and perivascular pseudorosettes. Immunostaining was positive for GFAP, sinaptophysin and NSE. The Ki-67 labeling index of the tumor was 25%. Diagnosis was extraventricular neurocytoma with anaplastic features. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 3 months post-surgery and demonstrated no evidence of tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION: Although neurocytomas are often located in the lateral ventricles, they occur throughout the neuroaxis. This is the main reason why they are not always considered in the differential diagnosis of intraparenchymal cerebral tumors. The diagnosis is aided by radiologic and histologic features. If a gross total resection is achieved, one can expect a good prognosis.
Trends in the Incidence and Outcomes of Hospitalized Cancer Patients With<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Infection: A Nationwide Analysis
Authors: Arjun Gupta, Raseen Tariq, Ryan D. Frank, Gary W. Jean, Muhammad S. Beg, Darrell S. Pardi, David H. Johnson, Sahil Khanna
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2017)

Background: Patients with cancer have several risk factors for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), but the impact of CDI on outcomes in this population needs elucidation. We analyzed the incidence of CDI and its impact on outcomes in patients with cancer using the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) database from 2001 to 2010. Methods: Diagnosis codes were used to identify patients with cancer and CDI events. Demographics, diagnoses, length of stay (LOS), and discharge information were abstracted. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models with weighted analysis were conducted to study CDI incidence and CDI-associated outcomes. Analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4. Results: During the 10-year study period, 20.1 million discharges had a cancer diagnosis. CDI developed in 1.09% of patients with cancer versus 0.77% of patients without cancer (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.28; 95% CI, 1.28–1.29; P<.001). The incidence of CDI in patients with cancer increased during the 10-year study period (64.7 per 10,000 discharges in 2001–2002 to 109.1 in 2009–2010; P<.001). In multivariable analysis, compared with patients with cancer without CDI, patients with cancer and CDI had a longer mean LOS (5.67 days; 95% CI, 5.39–5.94) and higher rates of in-hospital mortality (aOR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.16–1.20) and discharge to a care facility (aOR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.72–1.75; all P<.001). Conclusions: In this national database, CDI incidence increased significantly in patients with cancer over the study period and was associated with prolonged hospitalization, increased mortality, and discharge to a care facility. Despite increased attention, CDI remained a serious infection and merits appropriate prevention and management.