tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Gastroesophageal reflux after peroral endoscopic myotomy
Authors: Ashish Sharma, Haru Inoue, Haruo Ikeda
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

See also: Gastroesophageal reflux after peroral endoscopic myotomy: a multicenter case–control studyEndoscopy 2017; 49(07): 634-642DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-105485 See also: Reply to Eleftheriadis and to Sharma et al.Endoscopy 2017; 49(12): 1284-1284DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-122071
Insulin Analogues and Hypoglycemia in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Henryk Zulewski, Ulrich Keller
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
P2.06-014 Phase 2 Study of Glesatinib or Sitravatinib with Nivolumab in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) after Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: John Nemunaitis, Hossein Borghaei, Wallace Akerley, Shirish Gadgeel, Alexander Spira, Igor Rybkin, Demiana Faltaos, Isan Chen, James Christensen, Diane Potvin, Karen Velastegui, Matteo Levisetti, Hatim Husain
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
P2.03-058 Tiger-3: A Phase 3 Randomized Study of Rociletinib Vs Chemotherapy in EGFR-mutated Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
Authors: J.C. Yang, K. Reckamp, Y. Kim, S. Novello, E. Smit, J. Lee, W. Su, W. Akerley, C. Blakely, L. Bazhenova, R. Chiari, T. Hsia, T. Golsorkhi, D. Despain, D. Shih, L. Rolfe, S. Popat, H. Wakelee
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
P2.03b-003 Mutation Profile &amp; Histology According to ERS/ATC/IASCL Associated with IPFS to WBI in BM Patients with Recent Adenocarcinoma Lung Cancer
Authors: Oscar Arrieta, Enrique Caballe-Perez, Laura-Alejandra Ramírez-Tirado, Alberto Mejía-López, Monika Blake Cerda, Diana Flores-Estrada, Omar Macedo-Pérez, Andres-Felipe Cardona-Zorrilla, Jaime De La Garza
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Abstract 16907: A Light-powered Symbiosis With a Primordial Chloroplast Attenuates Myocardial Injury in the Absence of Blood Perfusion
Authors: Andrew B Goldstone, Jeffrey E Cohen, Yasuhiro Shudo, Amanda N Steele, Michael S Hopkins, Jay B Patel, Bryan B Edwards, William L Patrick, Cassandra E Burnett, Michael J Paulsen, Y. Joseph Woo
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Objective: The treatment for acute myocardial infarction (MI) is prompt revascularization. Our goal is to develop a novel therapy that mimics perfusion, but is not reliant on restitution of blood flow. We hypothesized that targeted delivery of a photosynthetic agent to the ischemic heart would restore myocardial energetics, attenuate damage, and improve long-term performance. Methods: Ten-week old male Wistar rats were used for the ischemia-reperfusion model. The left anterior descending artery (LAD) was temporarily ligated 2mm below the left atrial appendage via a left thoracotomy. Following ligation, animals were randomized to receive direct intramyocardial injection of 200μL PBS (n=7), 10x10 6 photosynthetic Synechecoccus elongatus (SE) of equivalent volume (n=10), or sham surgery (n=7). A light source illuminated the ischemic region for 1 hr after injection. The LAD tourniquet was subsequently removed and the heart reperfused. Ventricular function, geometry, and hemodynamics were assessed 4 weeks after surgery with MRI and LV catheterization. Results: Myocardial injury was attenuated by the photosynthetic agent: troponin-I concentration in peripheral blood was significantly lower in SE treated animals compared with controls 24 hrs post MI (6.5±4.8 vs. 16.5±10.5 ng/mL, P =0.05). Four weeks after MI, the mean LV ejection fraction was significantly greater in SE treated rats compared with controls (36.9±4.7 vs. 48.3±10.5%, P =0.02). Similarly, SE treated animals demonstrated a decreased end-systolic volume (327±133 vs. 487±140 μL, P =0.03) and a steeper slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (0.35±0.12 vs. 0.19±0.08, P =0.01). Histologic analyses revealed no evidence of intramyocardial abscess formation or persistent SE. Furthermore, the photosynthetic agent prevented upregulation of genes associated with hypoxia (downregulated Hsp-1b 11 fold). Conclusions: Delivery of a photosynthetic agent to ischemic myocardium creates a localized symbiotic relationship that safely attenuates myocardial injury and improves long-term ventricular function in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion. Energizing myocardium with light in the absence of perfusion is a completely novel strategy for treating cardiac ischemia.
Real-world productivity, healthcare resource utilization (HRU), and quality of life (QOL) in patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC) in Korea and Japan
Authors: K. Muro, E. Calvo, G. Maglinte, A. Rider, M. Contente, C. Middleton, B. Clarke, S.Y. Rha
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Abstract 16721: The Effects of Spontaneous Gasping on Hemodynamics During Chest Compression in a Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Weiping Huang, Qinyue Guo, Jin Yang, Yan Xiao, Zhangle Hu, Xiaobo Wu, Jennifer Bradley, Mary Ann Peberdy, Joseph P Ornato, Wanchun Tang
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Objective:  We have previously demonstrated that spontaneous gasping during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) improves the success of resuscitation in both pig and rat models of CPR. However, whether gasping is an indicator of better cerebral perfusion or gasping itself improves hemodynamics during CPR remains to be investigated. In the present study, we investigate the changes of coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) before and after gasping in a rat model of CPR.   Hypothesis:  Spontaneous gasping during CPR improves both CPP and ETCO2.   Methods:  Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was electrically induced in 12 Sprague Dawley rats. Precordial compression (PC) was initiated after 6 min of untreated VF. Defibrillation was attempted after 8 min of PC. CPP and ETCO2 were measured immediately prior to and after each gasp during PC5 and PC8 (Figure 1).   Results:  Both CPP (p=0.02) and ETCO2 (p=0.03) were significantly increased after gasping (Figure 2).   Conclusions:  Spontaneous gasping increases CPP and ETCO2 during CPR in a rat model of cardiac arrest.  Figure 1. Arterial and right atrial blood pressure and ETCO2 waveforms during CPR.  Figure 2. CPP and ETCO2 changes at pre-gasping and post-gasping. *  p
Sífilis e infección gonocócica en la Republica Checa
Authors: H Zákoucká, V Polanecký, V Kaštánková
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2004)

La sifilis sigue siendo un problema de salud publica en la Republica Checa, como en todas partes del mundo. La Republica Checa, que formaba parte de Checoslovaquia hasta 1993, tiene una larga tradicion de salud publica, y la vigilancia de las ITS esta principalmente centrada en las infecciones llamadas ‘enfermedades venereas’ : la sifilis, la infeccion gonococica , el chancro blando y el linfogranuloma venereo. Las campanas de prevencion desde el inicio de los anos 50 han logrado controlar la sifilis y la infeccion gonococica; el chancro blando y el linfogranuloma venereo son enfermedades muy raras. A finales de los anos 80, la incidencia de nuevos casos de sifilis era escasa (100-200 casos anuales), mientras que en el mismo periodo se registraban 6.500 casos de infeccion gonococica al ano. En la Republica Checa, los cuidados de salud y la prevencion de las ITS estan basados en una cooperacion estrecha entre las unidades clinicas y los servicios microbiologicos y epidemiologicos de las Oficinas de salud ambiental. Desde 1959 existen estadisticas anuales sobre los casos notificados de ‘enfermedades venereas’, segun los codigos de la Clasificacion Internacional de Enfermedades ,10a revision (ICD-10). No hay datos estadisticos desagregados sobre otras ITS, solamente se dispone desde 2000 de datos agregados de infecciones por Chlamydia trachomatis [5]. 
Tras los cambios politicos y sociales de 1989 producidos en la comunidad Checa, se produjo un claro aumento de la sifilis. El 50% a 60% de los casos notificados fueron clasificados como latentes tardios o de duracion desconocida. La persistencia de casos de sifilis congenita (7 a 18 casos anuales) durante los anos 90 tambien representa un fenomeno que no se debe ignorar. Los casos estaban concentrados en largas areas urbanas con un nivel importante de prostitucion. Tambien se identifico una proporcion elevada de casos en refugiados. Mientras la incidencia anual de la infeccion gonococica ha bajado progresivamente entre 1994 y 2001 (de 28,5 a 8,9 casos por 100.000 habitantes) la incidencia de la sifilis aumento durante el mismo periodo de 3,6 a 9,6 por 100.000 (con un maximo de 13,4 en 2001), sobrepasando en 2000, por primera vez en muchos anos, la incidencia de la infeccion gonococica.
Abstract 15244: Effects of Prehospital Epinephrine Administration on Neurologically Intact Survival in Bystander-Witnessed Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients With Initial Non-Shockable Rhythm: Based on Emergency Medical Service Response Time
Authors: Akira Funada, Yoshikazu Goto, Hayato Tada, Masakazu Yamagishi
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction:  The effects of prehospital epinephrine administration in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients with initial non-shockable rhythm still remain controversial.   Hypothesis:  We hypothesized that the effects of prehospital epinephrine administration would differ according to the time from initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation by emergency medical service (EMS) providers to the first epinephrine administration (epinephrine time) in association with the time from emergency call to EMS provider arrival (response time).   Methods:  After excluding those who attained return of spontaneous circulation without epinephrine administration, we analyzed 118,422 bystander-witnessed adult OHCA patients with initial non-shockable rhythm from the prospectively recorded all Japan OHCA registry, 2011 to 2014. The primary outcome was 1-month neurologically intact survival (cerebral performance category 1 or 2; CPC 1-2).   Results:  When sorted by response time, the rates of 1-month CPC 1-2 were 0.46% (207/45,316) in patients with response time ≤6 min, 0.33% (110/33,225) for 7-8 min, and 0.23% (93/39,881) for ≥9 min (p    Conclusions:  In bystander-witnessed OHCA patients with initial non-shockable rhythm and response time ≤8 min, early prehospital epinephrine administration ≤19 min was associated with increase of 1-month CPC 1-2. However, in those with response time ≥9 min, much earlier prehospital epinephrine administration ≤10 min would be required to increase 1-month CPC 1-2.
Brain, Immunity, Gut: “BIG” Links between Pregnancy and Autism
Authors: Myka L. Estes, A. Kimberley McAllister
Journal: Immunity (2017)

Although dysregulation of brain, immune, and gut physiology during pregnancy have each been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, whether and how these presumably distinct systems are linked to cause disease is unclear. Kim et al. (2017) and Shin Yim et al. (2017) identify a pathway to explain how these aspects of our physiology are deeply and inextricably connected.
Cardiomyocyte-Restricted Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 6 (LRP6) Deletion Leads to Lethal Dilated Cardiomyopathy Partly Through Drp1 Signaling
Authors: Zhidan Chen, Yang Li, Ying Wang, Juying Qian, Hong Ma, Xiang Wang, Guoliang Jiang, Ming Liu, Yanpeng An, Leilei Ma, Le Kang, Jianguo Jia, Chunjie Yang, Guoping Zhang, Ying Chen, Wei Gao, Mingqiang Fu, Zheyong Huang, Huiru Tang, Yichun Zhu, Junbo Ge, Hui Gong, Yunzeng Zou
Journal: Theranostics (2017)

Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), a wnt co-receptor, regulates multiple functions in various organs. However, the roles of LRP6 in the adult heart are not well understood. Methods: We observed LRP6 expression in heart with end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) by western blot. Tamoxifen-inducible cardiac-specific LRP6 knockout mouse was constructed. Hemodynamic and echocardiographic analyses were performed to these mice. Results: Cardiac LRP6 expression was dramatically decreased in patients with end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) compared to control group. Tamoxifen-inducible cardiac-specific LRP6 knockout mice developed acute heart failure and mitochondrial dysfunction with reduced survival. Proteomic analysis suggests the fatty acid metabolism disorder involving peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) signaling in the LRP6 deficient heart. Accumulation of mitochondrial targeting to autophagosomes and lipid droplet were observed in LRP6 deletion hearts. Further analysis revealed cardiac LRP6 deletion suppressed autophagic degradation and fatty acid utilization, coinciding with activation of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and downregulation of nuclear TFEB (Transcription factor EB). Injection of Mdivi-1, a Drp1 inhibitor, not only promoted nuclear translocation of TFEB, but also partially rescued autophagic degradation, improved PPARs signaling, and attenuated cardiac dysfunction induced by cardiac specific LRP6 deletion. Conclusions: Cardiac LRP6 deficiency greatly suppressed autophagic degradation and fatty acid utilization, and subsequently leads to lethal dilated cardiomyopathy and cardiac dysfunction through activation of Drp1 signaling. It suggests that heart failure progression may be attenuated by therapeutic modulation of LRP6 expression.
Clinical and Histologic Characterization of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in African American Patients
Authors: Fernando Bril, Paola Portillo-Sanchez, I-Chia Liu, Srilaxmi Kalavalapalli, Kristin Dayton, Kenneth Cusi
Journal: Diabetes Care (2017)

There has been a widespread misconception among physicians that African Americans are protected from developing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, a formal histologic and metabolic comparison against well-matched Caucasians has never been performed.Sixty-seven African American patients were matched 2:1 to Caucasians (n = 134) for age, sex, BMI, hemoglobin A1c, and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Screening for NASH included measurement of intrahepatic triglyceride content by proton MRS (1H-MRS), followed by a liver biopsy if patients had hepatic steatosis. Insulin resistance was estimated during an oral glucose tolerance test using the Matsuda Index.Compared with Caucasians, African American patients had a lower intrahepatic triglyceride content (mean ± SD 6.1 ± 6.8% vs. 9.4 ± 7.5%, P = 0.007) and the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was less common (25.0% vs. 51.9%, P = 0.003). However, prevalence of NASH was not different between ethnicities in patients with NAFLD (57.1% vs. 73.3%, P = 0.12). Moreover, they showed similar severity in each of the individual histologic parameters (inflammation, ballooning, and fibrosis). Among patients with NAFLD, insulin resistance was similar between both ethnic groups (Matsuda Index: 3.3 ± 1.8 vs. 3.1 ± 1.9, P = 0.61; adipose tissue insulin resistance [Adipo-IR] index: 5.7 ± 4.6 vs. 6.4 ± 4.7 mmol/L ⋅ µU/mL, P = 0.53) but appeared to be worse in African American versus Caucasian patients without NAFLD (Matsuda Index: 4.9 ± 3.6 vs. 7.0 ± 4.9, P = 0.11; Adipo-IR: 3.9 ± 2.8 vs. 2.7 ± 2.3 mmol/L ⋅ µU/mL, P = 0.06). African American patients also had lower plasma triglycerides and higher HDL cholesterol, independent of the severity of intrahepatic triglyceride.Although African Americans have lower intrahepatic triglyceride accumulation, once NAFLD develops, NASH occurs as frequently, and as severe, as in Caucasian patients. Therefore, African Americans with NAFLD should be screened for NASH with the same degree of clinical resolve as in Caucasian patients.
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations emerge from the shadows
Authors: Claire L Shovlin, Robin Condliffe, James W Donaldson, David G Kiely, Stephen J Wort
Journal: Thorax (2017)

For many years, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) have been an underdiagnosed and poorly understood aspect of respiratory medicine. Recent increases in the published literature have improved our understanding of their diagnosis and management. The British Thoracic Society Clinical Statement on PAVMs published in Thorax aims to drive an improvement in the care provided to this often-neglected patient group.1 The Statement is the first example of a new method of summarising data and providing an expert view of best practice in a given clinical area. 

Three major issues are associated with poor health outcomes in patients with PAVMs: lack of clinician awareness and education, an absence of standardised approaches to patient management and an urgent need for service development for a condition estimated to affect more than 10 000 people in the UK.2 

PAVMs are under-represented in medical school syllabuses and, more importantly, not mentioned in UK or US specialist respiratory training curriculae.3 These abnormal blood vessels connect pulmonary arteries directly to pulmonary veins, allowing a proportion of systemic venous blood to bypass the pulmonary capillary bed and return ‘unprocessed’ to the left heart and systemic arterial tree (figure 1). Although shunting via PAVMs impairs gas exchange, patients usually compensate very well for hypoxaemia and the exuberant ventilatory requirements by physiological mechanisms such as secondary erythrocytosis and changes in haemodynamics to maintain normal oxygen delivery (figure 2). In contrast, there are no compensatory mechanisms that enable restoration of the pulmonary capillary ‘filter’ to prevent …
P2.07-004 Immune-Related Adverse Events (irAEs) of Nivolumab Predicts Clinical Benefit in Advanced Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Y. Toi, S. Sugawara, Y. Kawashima, T. Aiba, K. Tsurumi, K. Suzuki, H. Shimizu, J. Sugisaka, H. Ono, Y. Domeki, S. Kawana, R. Saito, K. Terayama, A. Nakamura, S. Yamanda, Y. Kimura, Y. Honda
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Disparities in Prostate, Lung, Breast, and Colorectal Cancer Survival and Comorbidity Status among Urban American Indians and Alaskan Natives
Authors: Marc A. Emerson, Matthew P. Banegas, Neetu Chawla, Ninah Achacoso, Stacey E. Alexeeff, Alyce S. Adams, Laurel A. Habel
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Cancer is the second leading cause of death among American Indians and Alaskan Natives (AIAN), although cancer survival information in this population is limited, particularly among urban AIAN. In this retrospective cohort study, we compared all-cause and prostate, breast, lung, and colorectal cancer–specific mortality among AIAN (n = 582) and non-Hispanic white (NHW; n = 82,696) enrollees of Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) diagnosed with primary invasive breast, prostate, lung, or colorectal cancer from 1997 to 2015. Tumor registry and other electronic health records provided information on sociodemographic, comorbidity, tumor, clinical, and treatment characteristics. Cox regression models were used to estimate adjusted survival curves and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). AIAN had a significantly higher comorbidity burden compared with NHW (P &amp;lt; 0.05). When adjusting for patient, disease characteristics, and Charlson comorbidity scores, all-cause mortality and cancer-specific mortality were significantly higher for AIAN than NHW patients with breast cancer (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.13–1.92) or with prostate cancer (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.14–3.06) but not for AIAN patients with lung and colorectal cancer. Despite approximately equal access to preventive services and cancer care in this setting, we found higher mortality for AIAN than NHW with some cancers, and a greater proportion of AIAN cancer patients with multiple comorbid conditions. This study provides severely needed information on the cancer experience of the 71% of AIANs who live in urban areas and access cancer care outside of the Indian Health Services, from which the vast majority of AIAN cancer information comes. Cancer Res; 77(23); 6770–6. ©2017 AACR.
The urge to judge: Why the judgmental attitude has anything to do with the aesthetic enjoyment of negative emotions
Authors: Elvira Brattico, Peter Vuust
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract Based on arguments from both philosophical and empirical aesthetics, we hereby propose that the enjoyment of negative emotions in art and fiction is distinct from the immediate pleasure deriving from sensory features, because it requires a conscious, intentional attitude toward the object. This attitude is linked with the compelling goal of providing a judgment of liking, beauty, perfection, or similar.
Laboratory tests for identification or exclusion of heparin induced thrombocytopenia: HIT or miss?
Authors: Emmanuel J. Favaloro
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2017)

Abstract Heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a potentially fatal condition that arises subsequent to formation of antibodies against complexes containing heparin, usually platelet‐factor 4‐heparin (“anti‐PF4‐heparin”). Assessment for HIT involves both clinical evaluation and, if indicated, laboratory testing for confirmation or exclusion, typically using an initial immunological assay (“screening”), and only if positive, a secondary functional assay for confirmation. Many different immunological and functional assays have been developed. The most common contemporary immunological assays comprise enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], chemiluminescence, lateral flow, and particle gel techniques. The most common functional assays measure platelet aggregation or platelet activation events (e.g., serotonin release assay; heparin‐induced platelet activation (HIPA); flow cytometry). All assays have some sensitivity and specificity to HIT antibodies, but differ in terms of relative sensitivity and specificity for pathological HIT, as well as false negative and false positive error rate. This brief article overviews the different available laboratory methods, as well as providing a suggested approach to diagnosis or exclusion of HIT.