tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Single Dose of RANKL Antibody Treatment on Acute Charcot Neuro-osteoarthropathy of the Foot
Authors: Tessa E. Busch-Westbroek, Kamiel Delpeut, Ron Balm, Sicco A. Bus, Tim Schepers, Edgar J. Peters, Frank F. Smithuis, Mario Maas, Max Nieuwdorp
Journal: Diabetes Care (2017)

Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy is a rare condition that affects subjects with diabetes with neuropathy (1). Although the underlying pathophysiology is largely unknown, increased receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL) activation in Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy has been observed (2). As monoclonal RANKL antibody treatment (denosumab, Prolia) reduces osteoporosis-related fractures (3), we studied its effect on fracture resolution time and clinical outcomes in acute Charcot neuro-osteoarthropathy. All patients with diabetes seen at our foot clinic between 2012 and 2016 were categorized by modified Brodsky classification (4) and treated according to a standardized total contact cast (TCC) protocol. This comprises weekly TCC changes and subsequent conventional X-ray imaging every 4 weeks, as well as supplementation daily with calcium 500 mg/cholecalciferol 800 IE to achieve adequate plasma calcium (between 2.2 and 2.5 mmol/L) and vitamin D levels …
Differential response to aspirin-lysine of 15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid in Nasal Polyp Supernatants from Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease Patients
Authors: Elina Jerschow, Matthew Edin, Weiguo Han, Fred B. Lih, Artiom Gruzdev, Alyce J. Bradbury, Waleed M. Abuzeid, Nadeem Akbar, Teresa Pelletier, Taha Keskin, Simon Spivack, Victor Schuster, David L. Rosenstreich, Darryl C. Zeldin
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
An Examination of Deintensification Recommendations in Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Adam A. Markovitz, Timothy P. Hofer, Whit Froehlich, Shannon E. Lohman, Tanner J. Caverly, Jeremy B. Sussman, Eve A. Kerr
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

In light of initiatives to decrease use of unnecessary services, this article examines whether current guidelines for diabetes and cardiovascular disease preferentially recommend intensification rather than deintensification of care.
How to: Surveillance of Clostridium difficile infections
Authors: M. Krutova, P. Kinross, F. Barbut, A. Hajdu, M.H. Wilcox, E.J. Kuijper, F. Allerberger, M. Delmée, J. Van Broeck, R. Vatcheva-Dobrevska, E. Dobreva, B. Matica, D. Pieridou, M. Krůtová, O. Nyč, B. Olesen, P. Märtin, S. Mentula, F. Barbut, M. Arvand, L. von Müller, J. Papaparaskevas, J. Pászti, Á. Hajdu, T. Gudnason, K. Burns, P. Spigaglia, K. Vulāne, M. Debacker, E. Scicluna, T. Melillo, E.J. Kuijper, M.T. Crobach, O. Kacelnik, E. Astrup, H. Pituch, M. Oleastro, C. Wiuff, J. Coia, E. Nováková, J. Kolman, E. Grilc, M. Rupnik, E. Bouza, E. Reigadas, T. Åkerlund, S. Tschudin-Sutter, M.H. Wilcox, D. Fairley, T. Morris
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2017)
Colonoscopy Surveillance After Colorectal Cancer Resection
Authors: Jennifer Rusiecki, Adam S. Cifu
Journal: JAMA (2017)

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Abstract 13388: Autonomic Balance And Mental Stress-induced Myocardial Ischemia
Authors: Ayman Alkhoder, Muhammad Hammadah, Amit Shah, Ibhar Al Mheid, Kobina Wilmot, Ronnie Ramadan, Malik Obideen, Naser Abdelhadi, Nino Isakadze, Mosaab Awad, Ijeoma Ibeanu, Heval M Kelli, Oleksiy Levantsevych, Michael Kutner, Lucy H Shallenberger, Nancy Murrah, Brad Pearce, Douglas Bremner, Viola Vaccarino, Arshed A Quyyumi
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Although mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) has been linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes, its underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We assessed whether autonomic dysfunction was important in precipitating MSIMI with the hypothesis that autonomic function, estimated using heart rate variability (HRV), will be associated with MSIMI. Methods: We examined autonomic function at rest in 168 patients with CAD using the ANSAR method (ANX 3.0, ANSAR Inc. Philadelphia, PA). Sympathetic and parasympathetic tone were assessed using low (LFa) and respiratory (RFa) frequency HRV that was adjusted for respiration using continuous wavelet transform. Sympathovagal balance was calculated as the ratio of LFa/RFa. Patients underwent 99mTc sestamibi myocardial perfusion imaging during both mental stress testing using a public speaking task, and, as a control condition, with conventional (pharmacologic or exercise) stress testing. Ischemia was defined as a new or worsening impairment in myocardial perfusion within each myocardial segment using a 17-segment model. Results: In our population, (age 63 ± 9 years, 70% men), 11% developed MSIMI and 28% developed conventional stress-induced myocardial ischemia (CSIMI). Patients with MSIMI had higher sympathetic tone and increased sympathovagal balance [median (IQR) LFa of 1.1 (0.4-8.2) vs 0.6 (0.3-1.1) bpm2, p=0.017 and LFa/RFa of 1.7 (0.8-3.6) vs 1.0 (0.6-2.0), p=0.02] but not parasympathetic activity [RFa of 0.8 (0.3-2.9) vs 0.5 (0.2-1.3) bpm2, p=0.29] compared to those without MSIMI. Patients with increased LFa/RFa ratio had significantly higher risk of MSIMI [3rd vs 1st tertile OR(95%CI) of 4.4 (1.1 - 17), p=0.03], that remained significant after adjustment for CAD risk factors, beta blockers, rate pressure product and CSIMI. No correlation was found between LFa, RFa or LFa/RFa HRV and CSIMI. Conclusion: Increased resting sympathovagal balance is associated with increased risk of MSIMI but not CSIMI. This suggests that chronic autonomic imbalance with increased symptathetic tone may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of MSIMI, and may have implications on potential therapies.
Evaluation of Validity Evidence for Personality, Emotional Intelligence, and Situational Judgment Tests to Identify Successful Residents
Authors: Aimee K. Gardner, Brian J. Dunkin
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2017)

The ability to identify candidates who will thrive and successfully complete their residency is especially critical for general surgery programs.To assess the extent to which 3 screening tools used extensively in industrial selection settings-emotional intelligence (EQ), personality profiles, and situational judgment tests (SJTs)-could identify successful surgery residents.In this analysis, personality profiles, EQ assessments, and SJTs were administered from July through August 2015 to 51 postgraduate year 1 through 5 general surgery residents in a large general surgery residency program. Associations between these variables and residency performance were investigated through correlation and hierarchical regression analyses.Completion of EQ, personality profiles, and SJT assessments.Performance in residency as measured by a comprehensive performance metric. A score of zero represented a resident whose performance was consistent with that of their respective cohort's performance; below zero, worse performance; and greater than zero, better performance.Of the 61 eligible residents, 51 (84%) chose to participate and 22 (43%) were women. US Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 (USMLE1), but not USMLE2, emerged as a significant factor (t2,49 = 1.98; β = 0.30; P = .03) associated with overall performance. Neither EQ facets nor overall EQ offered significant incremental validity over USMLE1 scores. Inclusion of the personality factors did not significantly alter the test statistic and did not explain any additional portion of the variance. By contrast, inclusion of SJT scores accounted for 15% more of the variance than USMLE1 scores alone, resulting in a total of 25% of the variance explained by both USMLE1 and SJT scores (F2,57 = 7.47; P = .002). Both USMLE1 (t = 2.21; P = .03) and SJT scores (t = 2.97; P = .005) were significantly associated with overall resident performance.This study found little support for the use of EQ assessment and only weak support for some distinct personality factors (ie, agreeableness, extraversion, and independence) in surgery resident selection. Performance on the SJT was associated with overall resident performance more than traditional cognitive measures (ie, USMLE scores). These data support further exploration of these 2 screening assessments on a larger scale across specialties and institutions.
Correspondence regarding the article “The asbestos fibre burden in human lungs: new insights into the chrysotile debate”
Authors: Inke Sabine Feder, Iris Tischoff, Anja Theile, Inge Schmitz, Rolf Merget, Andrea Tannapfel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2017)

We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the correspondence from X. Baur and colleagues regarding our article recently published in the European Respiratory Journal [1]. Intraindividual longitudinal data display: the asbestos fibre burden in living human lungs is stable over many years <http://ow.ly/Bl9S30gufCM> The Institute of Pathology gets third-party funds from the German Social Accident Insurance (DGUV) for research of the German Mesothelioma Register. Freedom to design, conduct, interpret, and publish research is not compromised by this.
Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and total spinal ankylosis in Croatia: one year follow-up
Authors: Frane Grubišić, Simeon Grazio, Đurđa Babic-Naglić, Jadranka Morovic-Vergles, Branimir Anić, Tatjana Kehler, Srđan Novak, Porin Perić, Marino Hanih, Ana Gudelj, N. Ljubicic-Markovic
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2013)
Communication About the Probability of Cancer in Indeterminate Pulmonary Nodules
Authors: Amelia W. Maiga, Stephen A. Deppen, Pierre P. Massion, Carol Callaway-Lane, Rhonda Pinkerman, Robert S. Dittus, Eric S. Lambright, Jonathan C. Nesbitt, Eric L. Grogan
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2017)

Clinical guidelines recommend that clinicians estimate the probability of malignancy for patients with indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPNs) larger than 8 mm. Adherence to these guidelines is unknown.To determine whether clinicians document the probability of malignancy in high-risk IPNs and to compare these quantitative or qualitative predictions with the validated Mayo Clinic Model.Single-institution, retrospective cohort study of patients from a tertiary care Department of Veterans Affairs hospital from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2015. Cohort 1 included 291 veterans undergoing surgical resection of known or suspected lung cancer from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2015. Cohort 2 included a random sample of 239 veterans undergoing inpatient or outpatient pulmonary evaluation of IPNs at the hospital from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2012.Clinician documentation of the quantitative or qualitative probability of malignancy.Documentation from pulmonary and/or thoracic surgery clinicians as well as information from multidisciplinary tumor board presentations was reviewed. Any documented quantitative or qualitative predictions of malignancy were extracted and summarized using descriptive statistics. Clinicians' predictions were compared with risk estimates from the Mayo Clinic Model.Of 291 patients in cohort 1, 282 (96.9%) were men; mean (SD) age was 64.6 (9.0) years. Of 239 patients in cohort 2, 233 (97.5%) were men; mean (SD) age was 65.5 (10.8) years. Cancer prevalence was 258 of 291 cases (88.7%) in cohort 1 and 110 of 225 patients with a definitive diagnosis (48.9%) in cohort 2. Only 13 patients (4.5%) in cohort 1 and 3 (1.3%) in cohort 2 had a documented quantitative prediction of malignancy prior to tissue diagnosis. Of the remaining patients, 217 of 278 (78.1%) in cohort 1 and 149 of 236 (63.1%) in cohort 2 had qualitative statements of cancer risk. In cohort 2, 23 of 79 patients (29.1%) without any documented malignancy risk statements had a final diagnosis of cancer. Qualitative risk statements were distributed among 32 broad categories. The most frequently used statements aligned well with Mayo Clinic Model predictions for cohort 1 compared with cohort 2. The median Mayo Clinic Model-predicted probability of cancer was 68.7% (range, 2.4%-100.0%). Qualitative risk statements roughly aligned with Mayo predictions.Clinicians rarely provide quantitative documentation of cancer probability for high-risk IPNs, even among patients drawn from a broad range of cancer probabilities. Qualitative statements of cancer risk in current practice are imprecise and highly variable. A standard scale that correlates with predicted cancer risk for IPNs should be used to communicate with patients and other clinicians.
Drp1 Mitochondrial Fission in D1 Neurons Mediates Behavioral and Cellular Plasticity during Early Cocaine Abstinence
Authors: Ramesh Chandra, Michel Engeln, Christopher Schiefer, Mary H. Patton, Jennifer A. Martin, Craig T. Werner, Lace M. Riggs, T. Chase Francis, Madeleine McGlincy, Brianna Evans, Hyungwoo Nam, Shweta Das, Kasey Girven, Prasad Konkalmatt, Amy M. Gancarz, Sam A. Golden, Sergio D. Iñiguez, Scott J. Russo, Gustavo Turecki, Brian N. Mathur, Meaghan Creed, David M. Dietz, Mary Kay Lobo
Journal: Neuron (2017)
Досвід хірургічного лікування гриж стравохідного отвору діафрагми лапароскопічним доступом
Authors: V.M. Ratchik, N.V. Prolom, B.F. Shevchenko, A.M. Babiy, A.N. Burenko
Journal: GASTROENTEROLOGY (2017)

Актуальність. Діагностика та лікування хворих із грижею стравохідного отвору діафрагми (ГСОД) є однією з найбільш актуальних проблем сучасної медицини. Мета роботи — надати досвід хірургічного лікування гриж стравохідного отвору діафрагми лапароскопічним доступом. Матеріали та методи. У відділенні хірургії органів травлення ДУ «Інститут гастроентерології НАМН України» за період з 2013 по 2017 р. лапароскопічні втручання з приводу ГСОД і ГЕРБ були виконані у 67 пацієнтів. Результати. Серед оперованих пацієнтів у 64 (95,6 %) була аксіальна ГСОД (тип I), у 2 (2,9 %) — параезофагеальна ГСОД (тип II), у 1 (1,5%) — змішана ГСОД з укороченим стравоходом. Крурорафія виконана у 100 % пацієнтів: задня — у 60 (89,6 %), передня — у 2 (2,9 %), поєднана — у 5 (7,5 %) і алопластика — у 6 (8,9 %) пацієнтів. Виконано лапароскопічні фундоплікації: за Ніссеном — у 46 (68,7 %), за Дор — у 7 (10,4 %), за Тупе — в 14 (20,9 %) пацієнтів. Фундодіафрагмопексія виконана у 61 (91,0 %) пацієнта. Симультанні оперативні втручання виконані у 5 (7,4 %) пацієнтів, конверсії — в 1 (1,4 %). Летальних випадків після оперативних втручань не було. Висновки. Результати дослідження свідчать про високу ефективність лапароскопічного доступу в хірургічному лікуванні пацієнтів із ГСОД.
Effect of overexpression of human kinesin-14 family motor HSET on tumor progression and clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients.
Authors: Vaishali Pannu, Padmashree C.G. Rida, Michelle D. Reid, Oi Wah S. Yap, Guilherme Henrique Cantuaria, Ritu Aneja
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

1080 Background: Centrosomes are frequently amplified in human cancers. Breast cancers, in particular, display extra centrosomes in about 80% of tumor cells. Although amplified centrosomes could potentially compel cells to form multipolar spindles resulting in death-inducing aneuploidy, cancer cells cleverly turn things in their favor by suppressing multipolarity via centrosome clustering during mitosis. Thus cancer cells display bipolar spindles and derive the collateral benefit of maintaining low-level aneuploidy, an edge to their survival. HSET/KifC1, a kinesin-like minus-end directed microtubule motor, has recently found fame as a crucial centrosome clustering molecule. Methods: Samples from 193 breast carcinoma patients were immunohistochemically-stained for HSET, and its overexpression was correlated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). FISH was performed on a subset of 30 samples using BAC probes from HSET locus on Chr. 6 and its centromere. Cell cycle profiling and immunoblot analysis of cell proliferation markers was done in HeLa and stably transfected HeLa-HSET-GFP cells; and in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with or without transient HSET-GFP overexpression. Results: HSET was overexpressed in breast cancers and its nuclear accumulation correlates with histological grade. High HSET expression predicted poor PFS and OS. Further, deregulated HSET protein expression in breast cancers was associated with gene amplification and/or translocation. HSET overexpression promotes clonogenic survival and enhances kinetics of progression through G2 and M-phases of cell cycle at least in part, by disrupting spindle assembly checkpoint control. Importantly, HSET overexpression leads to upregulation of survivin, Aurora B, HIF1α and Bcl-2, thus delineating HSET-HIF1α-Aurora B as a novel oncoprotein axis that spurs tumor progression. Conclusions: We offer first evidence of centrosome-clustering independent roles of HSET that fuel tumor progression and firmly establish HSET overexpression as a driver of tumor evolution. HSET may serve both as a potential prognostic biomarker and as a cancer-selective therapeutic target.
Atezolizumab in Platinum-treated Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: Outcomes by Prior Number of Regimens
Authors: Jose Luis Perez-Gracia, Yohann Loriot, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, Thomas Powles, Andrea Necchi, Syed A. Hussain, Rafael Morales-Barrera, Margitta M. Retz, Günter Niegisch, Ignacio Durán, Christine Théodore, Enrique Grande, Xiaodong Shen, Jingjing Wang, Betty Nelson, Christina L. Derleth, Michiel S. van der Heijden
Journal: European Urology (2017)
HCC risk in patients with HBV‐related cirrhosis receiving nucleos(t)ide analogues therapy: Is HCC prevented or delayed?
Authors: Tung‐Hung Su, Tai‐Chung Tseng, Jia‐Horng Kao
Journal: Hepatology (2017)

Potential conflict of interest: Nothing to report. TO THE EDITOR: We read with interest the recent article in Hepatology by Choi et al.1 In their study, the annual death rate related to liver disease, the crude death rate, and the age‐standardized death rate of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) decreased significantly between 1999 and 2013. However, whereas the age‐standardized death rate for liver cancer decreased by 26.9%, the crude death rate and number of annual deaths increased by 10.2% and 17.8%, respectively. The authors attribute this phenomenon to the widespread use of antiviral agents against CHB leading to an increase in life expectancy and consequently an increase in the number of patients at risk for liver cancer. The increased rate of liver cancer was not related to the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination program or alcoholic liver disease. Their interesting findings are worth confirmation by other real‐world observations. In our recent CTEAM (Cirrhosis Taiwanese Entecavir Multicenter) study, we investigated the long‐term effects of entecavir therapy in CHB patients with cirrhosis.2 Compared with historical untreated controls, the risk of cirrhosis‐related complications and mortality declined after antiviral therapy. As expected, the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk fell 60% after 4 years of entecavir therapy. We found that although the age‐adjusted lifetime cumulative incidence of HCC development declined significantly (Fig. 1), the Kaplan‐Meier failure plot of entecavir group shifted to right, suggesting that HCC occurrence was delayed in treated patients, but the risk was not completely eliminated.Figure 1: Lifetime cumulative incidence rates of HCC in entecavir (n = 1315) and historical untreated (n = 503) cohorts (P < 0.0001 [log‐rank test]).Liver necroinflammation and HBV genomic integration into infected hepatocytes are believed to contribute to the formation of liver cancer. Antiviral therapy greatly suppresses viral replication and ameliorates liver necroinflammation and fibrosis; however, antiviral therapy cannot eradicate covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and purge the integrated HBV genome. Persistence of cccDNA and the integrated HBV genome pose a higher risk of HCC, especially in cirrhotic patients. Therefore, among patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and patients with CHB who achieve a virological response following antiviral therapy, those with CHB have a significantly higher risk of HCC.3 Although antiviral therapy cures HCV, the risk of HCC remains and does not differ between CHB and CHC patients with preexisting cirrhosis.3 As such, a delayed occurrence of HCC should be expected and requires close monitoring. The findings by Choi et al. are critical to both developing health care policy and highlighting the need for continued liver cancer surveillance in an era of effective antiviral therapy.
Type I interferon receptor signaling delays Kupffer cell replenishment during acute fulminant viral hepatitis
Authors: Katharina Borst, Theresa Frenz, Julia Spanier, Pia-Katharina Tegtmeyer, Chintan Chhatbar, Jennifer Skerra, Luca Ghita, Sukumar Namineni, Stefan Lienenklaus, Mario Köster, Mathias Heikenwaelder, Gerd Sutter, Ulrich Kalinke
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2017)
Patch testing in children and adolescents with contact dermatitis
Authors: Priscila Moraes, Maria Elisa Bertocco Andrade, Veridiana Aun Rufino Pereira, Carlos Alves Bezerra Filho, Daniele Maciel Alevato, Adriana Teixeira Rodrigues, Fatima Rodrigues Fernandes
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Abstract 16608: Role of Extra-coronary Calcification on Cardiac-gated Computed Tomography in the Prediction of Stroke: a Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Sina Kianoush, Mahmoud Al-Rifai, Miguel Cainzos-Achirica, Mouaz Al-Mallah, Geoffrey H Tison, Joseph Yeboah, Michael D Miedema, Matthew A Allison, Nathan D Wong, Andrew P DeFilippis, Khurram Nasir, Will Longstreth, Matthew J Budoff, Kunihiro Matsushita, Michael J Blaha
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease but may have a predilection for certain locations, which may be predictive of specific cardiovascular events. For example, coronary artery calcif...
Big Data in Public Health: Terminology, Machine Learning, and Privacy
Authors: Stephen J. Mooney, Vikas Pejaver
Journal: Annual Review of Public Health (2017)

The digital world is generating data at a staggering and still increasing rate. While these “big data” have unlocked novel opportunities to understand public health, they hold still greater potential for research and practice. This review explores several key issues that have arisen around big data. First, we propose a taxonomy of sources of big data to clarify terminology and identify threads common across some subtypes of big data. Next, we consider common public health research and practice uses for big data, including surveillance, hypothesis-generating research, and causal inference, while exploring the role that machine learning may play in each use. We then consider the ethical implications of the big data revolution with particular emphasis on maintaining appropriate care for privacy in a world in which technology is rapidly changing social norms regarding the need for (and even the meaning of) privacy. Finally, we make suggestions regarding structuring teams and training to succeed in working with big data in research and practice.