tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chronic Bowel Obstruction in a Middle-aged Man
Authors: Ross M. Beckman, Kent A. Stevens, Christian Jones
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2018)

A man in his 50s with a history of prostate cancer treated with robotic prostatectomy presented with progressively worsening postprandial nausea or vomiting, epigastric abdominal pain, anorexia, and weight loss. What is your diagnosis?
Abstract 12389: Epigenome-Wide Study Identifies Novel Methylation Loci Associated With Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference
Authors: Stella Aslibekyan, Ellen W Demerath, Michael Mendelson, Degui Zhi, Weihua Guan, Liming Liang, Jin Sha, James S Pankow, Chunyu Liu, M. Ryan Irvin, Myriam Fornage, Bertha Hidalgo, Li-An Lin, Krista C Stanton Thibeault, Jan Bressler, Michael Y Tsai, Megan L Grove, Paul N Hopkins, Eric Boerwinkle, Ingrid B Borecki, Jose M Ordovas, Daniel Levy, Hemant K Tiwari, Devin M Absher, Donna K Arnett
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are complex heritable traits with direct implications for human health. An emerging body of evidence links epigenetic processes such...
Abstract 17090: Statins Have Different Pleiotropic Effects on Human Endothelial Cells
Authors: Florian Lorenz, Martin Bahls, Sabine Ameling, Elke Hammer, Anne Strohbach, Uwe Völker, Marcus Dörr, Stephan B Felix, Raila Busch
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Statins have a variety of pleiotropic effects, like improving endothelial cell (EC) function. We hypothesized that physiochemical properties of statins may influence EC properties. Th...
Adolescents’ Use of “Pod Mod” E-Cigarettes — Urgent Concerns
Authors: Jessica L. Barrington-Trimis, Adam M. Leventhal
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Adolescents’ Use of “Pod Mod” E-Cigarettes Use of a new e-cigarette product class called “pod mods” is rampant among young people. There is reason to be concerned that adolescents’ use of these products could bring a host of adverse health consequences to the current generation of adolescents and young adults.
Small intestinal microbiota: the neglected stepchild needed for fat digestion and absorption
Authors: Eugene B. Chang, Kristina Martinez-Guryn
Journal: Gut Microbes (2018)

Our recently published paper "Small Intestine Microbiota Regulate Digestive and Absorptive Adaptive Responses to Dietary Lipids" in Cell Host & Microbe explored the neglected small intestine microbiota and demonstrated its critical role as a regulator of fat digestion and absorption. This work generated the following important take home messages: 1) small intestinal microbes are particularly sensitive to high fat diets and turn on host processes regulating fat digestion and transport, 2) this action is very likely orchestrated by a consortium of microbes, each having different specific effects and targets, and 3) the actions of this consortium appear to be mediated by bacteria-derived small molecules or bioactive components. These findings are expected to provide insight into developing treatments for conditions of under- or over-nutrition. The goal of this addendum is to summarize our findings, address issues related to gut microbiota and gnotobiotic research specifically regarding technology and experimental design, discuss this work in the context of relevant literature, and lastly provide considerations for future research.
Safeguarding Against Conflicts of Interest in the Surgical Literature
Authors: Greg D. Sacks, O. Joe Hines
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Surgery HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Surgery journal
Abstract 15626: Epigenetic Modifications via Histone Acetylation by p300 Are Changed During the Transition From Cardiac Hypertrophy to Heart Failure
Authors: Masafumi Funamoto, Yoichi Sunagawa, Yasufumi Katanasaka, Kana Shimizu, Hiromichi Wada, Koji Hasegawa, Tatsuya Morimoto
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: An intrinsic histone acetyltransferase (HAT), p300, is required for acetylation and the transcriptional activity of GATA4, as well as pathological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and the development of heart failure (HF) in vivo. Although most previously studied histone modifications are within the flexible tails of histones, H3K122 is reportedly a novel site of the histone globular domain acetylated by p300, and its acetylation activates gene transcriptions by destabilizing histone-DNA binding and increasing the accessibility of transactional factors to DNA. However, little is known about the extent histone modifications directly affect LVH and HF. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that p300 could induce epigenetic changes by acetylation of the globular domain as well as tail domain of histone during the development of LVH and HF. Methods and Results: Cultured rat neonatal primary cardiomyocytes were stimulated with phenylephrine (PE). Western blotting indicated that treatment with PE increased ...
In gluteal tendinopathy, education + exercise improved outcomes vs corticosteroid injection or wait strategy
Authors: Dinesh Kumbhare
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

Source Citation Mellor R, Bennell K, Grimaldi A, et al. Education plus exercise versus corticosteroid injection use versus a wait and see approach on global outcome and pain from gluteal tendinopathy: prospective, single blinded, randomised clinical trial. BMJ. 2018;361:k1662. 29720374
Measles: Europe sees record number of cases and 37 deaths so far this year
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2018)

More than 41 000 children and adults across Europe have been infected with measles in the first six months of 2018 and at least 37 people have died, show figures from the World Health Organization.1

The number of measles cases seen this year far exceeds the annual totals for every year this decade, which was highest in 2017 when there were 23 927 cases and lowest in 2016 when there were 5273.

“Following the decade’s lowest number of cases in 2016, we are seeing a dramatic increase in infections and extended outbreaks,” said Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO regional …
Association Between Publication Characteristics and Treatment Effect Estimates
Authors: Agnes Dechartres, Ignacio Atal, Carolina Riveros, Joerg Meerpohl, Philippe Ravaud
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

Background: Evidence about the effect on meta-analysis results of including unpublished trials or those published in languages other than English is unclear or discordant. Purpose: To compare treatment effects between published and unpublished randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and between trials published in English and other languages using a meta-epidemiologic approach. Data Sources: Cochrane reviews published between March 2011 and January 2017 and trial references cited in the reviews. Study Selection: RCTs included in meta-analyses of 3 or more trials with a binary efficacy outcome. Data Extraction: Trial characteristics were extracted by original review authors. A single reviewer assessed publication status and language, with quality assurance by another investigator. Data Synthesis: Among 5659 RCTs included in 698 meta-analyses, 5303 (93.7%) were published in journal articles and 356 (6.3%) were unpublished. Of journal articles, 92.6% (4910 of 5303) were published in English and 7.4% (393 of 5303) in another language. Treatment effects were larger in published than unpublished trials (combined ratio of odds ratios [ROR] for 174 meta-analyses, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.82 to 0.98]; I 2 = 19.3%; τ2 = 0.0492). Treatment effects were also larger for trials published in a language other than English than in English (combined ROR for 147 meta-analyses, 0.86 [CI, 0.78 to 0.95]; I 2 = 0%; τ2 = 0.0000). Limitation: Reliance on the primary reference cited by review authors as the record of interest. Conclusion: In meta-analyses, treatment effects were larger in published than unpublished trials and, for published trials, in those published in a language other than English than in English. Primary Funding Source: Cochrane France.
Abstract P093: Correlates of Vascular Health in Children and Adolescents With Dyslipidemia
Authors: David A White, Gautam M Anand, Omar Qayum, Chizitam F Ibezim, Ashley Sherman, Geetha Raghuveer
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Impaired vascular function and structure has been associated with cardiovascular risk factors such as elevated levels of Low Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides, depressed High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), elevated blood pressure (BP) and body mass index (BMI) in children and young adults. These changes can result in premature coronary artery disease. The degree to which these measures predict vascular damage in children and adolescents is less clear. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that commonly used clinical and laboratory measures will predict vascular health as assessed by measures of carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and augmentation index (Aix) in at risk youth. Methods: Children and adolescents with dyslipidemia (n=120, 13.1 ± 1.9 years old, 49% female (59 of 120)) were recruited from a pediatric preventive cardiology clinic. Non-fasting total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were obtained prior to the clinic visit. LDL-C and non-HDL-C were calculated with the Martin equation. Remnant particles were calculated as: total cholesterol minus (HDL-C + LDL-C). BP, height, weight, and waist circumference (WC) were measured at the clinic visit. WC was measured 2cm above the iliac crest by a single observer. Tobacco smoke exposure history was obtained using a parent questionnaire. PWV and Aix were measured using a SphygmoCor XCEL combined oscillometric and tonometric device. CIMT was measured via B mode ultrasound on the far wall of the left and right common carotid arteries using a semi-automated edge detection software. Multiple linear regression with backwards selection was used to identify the strongest predictors of CIMT, PWV, and normalized Aix. Results: Age (β=0.26; p=0.002), systolic BP (β=0.16; p=0.04), waist-to-height ratio (β=0.24; p=0.01), hemoglobin A1c (β=0.18; p=0.01) and presence of hypertriglyceridemic waist (defined as triglycerides ≥110mg/dL and WC ≥90 percentile) (β=0.28; p=0.006) were the strongest predictors of PWV (R2=0.353). Diastolic BP (β=0.21; p=0.01), waist-to-height percentile (β=0.22; p=0.01), and remnant particles (β=0.21; p=0.01) were the strongest predictors of normalized Aix (R2=0.175). Age (β=0.19; p=0.03), and systolic BP (β=0.28; p=0.002) were the strongest predictors of CIMT (R2=0.138). Triglycerides, history of tobacco smoke exposure, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C were not predictive of CIMT, PWV, or normalized Aix. Conclusion: BP consistently predicted was the most common predictor of CIMT, PWV, and Aix in children and adolescents with dyslipidemia. Waist-to-height ratio/percentile was also a reliable predictor in both PWV and Aix. BP and abdominal obesity management should be a focus in this at risk population.
Abstract 20048: Carbon Nanotube Fibers Restore Myocardial Conduction In Vivo
Authors: Mark D McCauley, Flavia Vitale, Colin Young, Matteo Pasquali, Mehdi Razavi
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Reduced myocardial conduction velocity (MCV) is pathologic and may be associated with conduction block and ventricular tachycardia. No anti-arrhythmic treatment exists that restores M...
Abstract 18482: Impact of Tricuspid Regurgitation and Tricuspid Annulus Dilation on Mortality After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Carmen Mongrut Vilchez, Oumhanie Toubal, Julien Magne, Florent LeVen, Abdellaziz Dahou, Marie-Annick Clavel, Christophe Thebault, Josep Rodes-Cabau, Philippe Pibarot
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background and Objetives: According to the guidelines a concomitant tricuspid annuloplasty should be performed at the time of mitral or aortic valve surgery in presence of: i) severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR) or ii) mild-to-moderate TR with significant tricuspid annulus dilation (TAD, i.e. diameter&gt;40 mm by echo). In patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), no tricuspid annuloplasty or replacement is performed. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of TR and TAD and their impact on mortality following TAVR. Methods: TR and TAD were assessed by transthoracic echocardiography in 227 consecutive patients who underwent TAVR at our institution. The primary end-point was all-cause mortality. Results: Figure 1 shows the distribution of the patients according to TR severity and presence of TAD. Overall, very few patients had none or trace TR, 88% had mild or moderate TR, and 7% had severe TR. Furthermore, 73% had TAD. After a mean follow-up of 1.5± 1.2 years, 73 patients died. Two-year survival rate was 52±8% in patients with severe TR, 65±5% in patients with mild/moderate TR and TAD, and 87± 7% in patients with mild/moderate TR and no significant TAD (Figure 2). After adjustment for sex, EuroSCORE, creatinine and other risk factors, mild/moderate TR with TAD had higher risk of mortality (HR : 2.88; 95% CI :1.3-8.9; p=0.025) compared to mild/moderate TR without TAD and similar risk (HR : 1.34; 95% CI :0.6-3.7; p=0.53) compared to severe TR Conclusion: Both TR and TAD are highly prevalent in the patients with severe AS undergoing TAVR. Among patients with mild/moderate TR, those with significant TAD have worse outcomes compared to those with no TAD and similar outcomes compared to those with severe TR. Further studies are needed to determine if concomitant or subsequent transcatheter tricuspid annuloplasty or replacement would improve outcomes of patients undergoing TAVR.
Abstract 12271: Radiofrequency Ablation With Electrode in Contact With Circular Mapping Catheter: Coagulation, Char, and Pop Ocurrence Comparison With Two Types of Irrigated Ablation Catheters
Authors: Carlos Oberti, John Ashton, Christopher Birchard, Oussama Wazni, Walid Saliba
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: A circular mapping catheter (CMC, Biosense Webster Lasso® Catheter) is frequently used in radiofrequency (RF) ablation treatment of atrial fibrillation to aid in determining ablation targets, such as the pulmonary vein ostia. During RF delivery, the ablation electrode is often in close proximity and may sometimes be in contact with one of the electrodes of the CMC. In this study, we compare coagulation, tissue char, and pop occurrence for ablations in contact with a CMC electrode versus ablations without a CMC. Ablations were performed with open-irrigation ablation electrodes of the Biosense Webster ThermoCool® Catheter (6 hole) and ThermoCool® SF Catheter (56 hole). Hypothesis: There will be more coagulation formation when there is contact with CMC. Methods: The thigh muscles of 4 anesthetized pigs were exposed and a skin cradle created. A 6 hole or 56 hole catheter was placed on the muscle with 10g of force in perpendicular orientation. Some ablations were performed with the ablation catheter alone, while others were performed with a CMC resting on the thigh muscle and the ablation electrode contacting one of the CMC electrodes on top or on the side. Heparinized autologous blood (activated clotting time &gt; 350s) at 37°C was circulated in the thigh cradle at 275-300ml/min while ablations were performed at 50W for 60s with 30ml/min irrigation for 6 hole and 15ml/min for 56 hole. Pops during ablation were noted. After the ablation, the blood pool was removed while keeping the catheters in position, the ablation site was examined, and coagulation and tissue char was noted Results: See Table Conclusions: When comparing ablations with a CMC versus no CMC, there was more coagulation with a CMC. When comparing a 6 hole catheter with a CMC versus a 56 hole catheter with a CMC, there was more coagulation with the 6 hole ablation catheter. There was no significant difference in pop and tissue char in any comparison
New diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in primary care
Authors: Gabriella Bathgate, Efthimia Karra, Bernard Khoo
Journal: BMJ (2018)

### What you need to know A 36 year old woman presents to her GP with a six week history of palpitations, agitation, and unintentional weight loss of 12 kg over four months. She initially attributed her symptoms to stress relating to work pressures and a recent house move. Blood tests are arranged, which show a fully suppressed thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of <0.01 mU/L and free thyroxine of 86.1 pmol/L. Hyperthyroidism describes excess hormone production from the thyroid gland. Thyrotoxicosis is the clinical state arising from excess circulating thyroid hormones due to any cause, including hyperthyroidism (fig 1). Fig 1 Causes of thyrotoxicosis. Common causes are listed in bold Hyperthyroidism is a biochemical diagnosis. Establishing the underlying aetiology is essential to determine appropriate management. Overall population prevalence of hyperthyroidism is 0.3%-2% and annual incidence is 0.1-4 per 1000.12 Graves' disease accounts for up to 80% of cases, with peak incidence at age 30-50 (F:M 10:1). In older adults, toxic adenoma/multinodular goitre are responsible for a higher proportion of cases. This article describes the first reasonable steps in diagnosing and managing hyperthyroidism for non-specialists in primary care.
Abstract 16622: Trends in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in California Hospitals: 2005-2014
Authors: Limin Wang, Holly Hoegh, Merry Holliday-Hanson, Christopher Krawczyk
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Objectives: Understanding changes in volume and quality of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery, a major procedure performed in hospitals, is important in the evaluation of hospital resource...
Clinical and metabolomic risk factors associated with rapid renal function decline in sickle cell disease
Authors: Julia Z. Xu, Melanie E. Garrett, Karen L. Soldano, Sean T. Chen, Clary B. Clish, Allison E. Ashley‐Koch, Marilyn J. Telen
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2018)

Sickle cell disease (SCD) nephropathy and lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) are risk factors for early mortality. Furthermore, rate of eGFR decline predicts progression to end‐stage renal disease in many clinical settings. However, factors predicting renal function decline in SCD are poorly documented. Using clinical, laboratory, genetic, and metabolomic data, we evaluated predictors of renal function decline in a longitudinal cohort of 288 adults (mean age 33.0 years). In 193 subjects with 5‐year follow‐up data, mean rate of eGFR decline was 2.35 mL/min/1.73 m 2 /year, nearly twice that of African American adults overall. Hyperfiltration was prevalent at baseline (61.1%), and 36.8% of subjects experienced rapid eGFR decline (≥3 mL/min/1.73 m 2 /year). Severe Hb genotype; proteinuria; higher platelet and reticulocyte counts, and systolic BP; and lower Hb level and BMI were associated with rapid decline. A risk scoring system was created using these 7 variables and was highly predictive of rapid eGFR decline, with odds of rapid decline increasing 1.635‐fold for every point increment ( P &lt; 0.0001). Rapid eGFR decline was also associated with higher organ system severity score and peak creatinine. Additionally, two metabolites (asymmetric dimethylarginine and quinolinic acid) were associated with rapid decline. Further investigation into longitudinal SCD nephropathy (SCDN) trajectory, early markers of SCDN, and tools for risk stratification should inform interventional studies targeted to slowing GFR decline and improving SCD outcomes.
Tranexamic Acid for the Prevention of Blood Loss after Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Loïc Sentilhes, Norbert Winer, Elie Azria, Marie-Victoire Sénat, Camille Le Ray, Delphine Vardon, Franck Perrotin, Raoul Desbrière, Florent Fuchs, Gilles Kayem, Guillaume Ducarme, Muriel Doret-Dion, Cyril Huissoud, Caroline Bohec, Philippe Deruelle, Astrid Darsonval, Jean-Marie Chrétien, Aurélien Seco, Valérie Daniel, Catherine Deneux-Tharaux
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

The use of tranexamic acid reduces mortality due to postpartum hemorrhage. We investigated whether the prophylactic administration of tranexamic acid in addition to prophylactic oxytocin in women with vaginal delivery would decrease the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage. In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, we randomly assigned women in labor who had a planned vaginal delivery of a singleton live fetus at 35 or more weeks of gestation to receive 1 g of tranexamic acid or placebo, administered intravenously, in addition to prophylactic oxytocin after delivery. The primary outcome was postpartum hemorrhage, defined as blood loss of at least 500 ml, measured with a collector bag. Of the 4079 women who underwent randomization, 3891 had a vaginal delivery. The primary outcome occurred in 156 of 1921 women (8.1%) in the tranexamic acid group and in 188 of 1918 (9.8%) in the placebo group (relative risk, 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68 to 1.01; P=0.07). Women in the tranexamic acid group had a lower rate of provider-assessed clinically significant postpartum hemorrhage than those in the placebo group (7.8% vs. 10.4%; relative risk, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.91; P=0.004; P=0.04 after adjustment for multiple comparisons post hoc) and also received additional uterotonic agents less often (7.2% vs. 9.7%; relative risk, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.92; P=0.006; adjusted P=0.04). Other secondary outcomes did not differ significantly between the two groups. The incidence of thromboembolic events in the 3 months after delivery did not differ significantly between the tranexamic acid group and the placebo group (0.1% and 0.2%, respectively; relative risk, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.03 to 2.24). Among women with vaginal delivery who received prophylactic oxytocin, the use of tranexamic acid did not result in a rate of postpartum hemorrhage of at least 500 ml that was significantly lower than the rate with placebo. (Funded by the French Ministry of Health; TRAAP ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02302456 .).
Abstract 17837: The Economic Impact of Favorable Cardiovascular Health in a Large US Employee Population: The Baptist Health South Florida (BHSF) Employee Study
Authors: Chukwuemeka U Osondu, Ehimen C Aneni, Javier Valero-Elizondo, Joseph A Salami, Adnan Younus, Maribeth Rouseff, Sankalp Das, Theodore Feldman, Emir Veledar, Arthur S Agatston, Barry Katzen, Chris Calitz, Eduardo Sanchez, Donald M Lloyd-Jones, Khurram Nasir
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: A recent American Heart Association (AHA) Presidential Advisory document promoted the adoption of Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) metrics to track success of employee wellness programs optimizi...