tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
HIV testing in Europe: Evaluating the impact, added value, relevance and usability of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)’s 2010 HIV testing guidance
Authors: Ann K Sullivan, Ida Sperle, Dorthe Raben, Andrew J Amato-Gauci, Jens Dilling Lundgren, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Stine Finne Jakobsen, Lara Tavoschi
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2017)

An evaluation of the 2010 ECDC guidance on HIV testing, conducted in October 2015-January 2016, assessed its impact, added value, relevance and usability and the need for updated guidance.Data sources were two surveys: one for the primary target audience (health policymakers and decision makers, national programme managers and ECDC official contact points in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries and one for a broader target audience (clinicians, civil society organisations and international public health agencies); two moderated focus group discussions (17 participants each); webpage access data; a literature citation review; and an expert consultation (18 participants) to discuss the evaluation findings.Twenty-three of 28 primary target audience and 31 of 51 broader target audience respondents indicated the guidance was the most relevant when compared with other international guidance. Primary target audience respondents in 11 of 23 countries reported that they had used the guidance in development, monitoring and/or evaluation of their national HIV testing policy, guidelines, programme and/or strategy, and 29 of 51 of the broader target audience respondents reported having used the guidance in their work. Both the primary and broader target audience considered it important or very important to have an EU/EEA-level HIV testing guidance (23/28 and 46/51, respectively).The guidance has been widely used to develop policies, guidelines, programmes and strategies in the EU/EEA and should be regularly updated due to continuous developments in the field in order to continue to serve as an important reference guidance in the region.
Optical Coherence Tomography Features of Dermatophytoma
Authors: Sebastian H. Verne, Lucy Chen, Vidhi Shah, Keyvan Nouri, Antonella Tosti
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Mutations in SELENBP1, encoding a novel human methanethiol oxidase, cause extraoral halitosis
Authors: Arjan Pol, G. Herma Renkema, Albert Tangerman, Edwin G. Winkel, Udo F. Engelke, Arjan P. M. de Brouwer, Kent C. Lloyd, Renee S. Araiza, Lambert van den Heuvel, Heymut Omran, Heike Olbrich, Marijn Oude Elberink, Christian Gilissen, Richard J. Rodenburg, Jörn Oliver Sass, K. Otfried Schwab, Hendrik Schäfer, Hanka Venselaar, J. Silvia Sequeira, Huub J. M. Op den Camp, Ron A. Wevers
Journal: Nature Genetics (2017)
Removal of the cecum affects intestinal fermentation, enteric bacterial community structure, and acute colitis in mice
Authors: Kirsty Brown, D. Wade Abbott, Richard R. E. Uwiera, G. Douglas Inglis
Journal: Gut Microbes (2017)

The murine cecum is a major site of fermentation of dietary materials, and production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). To examine the role that the cecum plays in acute bacterial infection in mice, the cecum was surgically removed, and changes in bacterial communities and production of SCFAs were analyzed relative to surgical sham animals. To incite bacterial colitis, mice were orally challenged with Citrobacter rodentium. The impact of butyrate administered directly into the colon was also examined. Concentrations of SCFAs in feces were substantially lower in mice with an excised cecum. Bacterial communities were also less diverse in cecectomized mice, and densities of major SCFA-producing taxa including bacteria within the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families were reduced. Colonization of the intestine by C. rodentium was not affected by removal of the cecum, and the bacterium equally incited acute colitis in mice with and without a cecum. However, cecectomized mice exhibited lower body weights at later stages of infection indicating an impaired ability to recover following challenge with C. rodentium. Furthermore, removal of the cecum altered immune and inflammatory responses to infection including increased inflammatory markers in the proximal colon (Tnfα, Il10, βd1), and heightened inflammatory response in the proximal and distal colon (Ifnγ, Tnfα, Relmβ). Exogenous administration of butyrate was insufficient to normalize responses to C. rodentium in cecectomized mice. The murine cecum plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal health, and the murine cecectomy model may be a useful tool in elucidating key aspects of intestine-pathogen-microbiota interactions.
Dermatologists across Europe underestimate depression and anxiety: results from 3635 dermatological consultations
Authors: F.J. Dalgard, Å. Svensson, U. Gieler, L. Tomas-Aragones, L. Lien, F. Poot, G.B.E. Jemec, L. Misery, C. Szabo, D. Linder, F. Sampogna, A.W.M. Evers, J. Anders Halvorsen, F. Balieva, J. Szepietowski, A. Lvov, S.E. Marron, I.K. Alturnay, A.Y. Finlay, S.S. Salek, J. Kupfer
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2017)

It was recently demonstrated that a significant number of patients with common skin diseases across Europe are clinically depressed and anxious. Studies have shown that physicians not trained as psychiatrists underdiagnose depression. This has not been explored among dermatologists. To estimate the concordance between clinical assessment of depression and anxiety by a dermatologist and assessment with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The study was an observational cross‐sectional multicentre study of prevalent cases of skin diseases in 13 countries in Europe. Consecutive patients were recruited in outpatient clinics and filled in questionnaires prior to clinical examination by a dermatologist who reported any diagnosis of skin disease and signs of mood disorders. Analysis of the 3635 consultations showed that the agreement between dermatologist and HADS was poor to fair (lower than 0·4) for all diagnosis categories. The true‐positive rate (represented by the percentage of dermatologists recognizing signs of depression or anxiety in patients with depression or anxiety as defined by a HADS value ≥ 11) was 44·0% for depression and 35·6% for anxiety. The true negative rate (represented by the percentage of dermatologists not detecting signs of depression or anxiety in non‐depressed or non‐anxious patients defined by HADS‐value < 11) was 88.8% for depression and 85.7% for anxiety. Dermatologists in Europe tend to underestimate mood disorders. The results suggest that further training for dermatologists to improve their skills in diagnosing depression and anxiety might be appropriate. When present, the psychological suffering of patients with dermatological conditions needs to be addressed.
Abstract B30: Development of robust in vitro 3D models of human tumors for the identification and evaluation of anti-cancer drugs
Authors: Amanda Carys Harvey, Graham Place, Kathryn Baggott, Satinder Samra, Caroline Freathy, Neil Cross
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Currently in vivo testing of animals is still the gold standard for drug development and testing of cytotoxic compounds. With the demand for non-animal alternatives raising here we compared the development and functionality of two 3D culture models for tumor spheroids. Firstly 3D tumor spheroids were generated from lung cancer cell lines (NCI-H1650, NCI-H2170, NCI-H1975 and HCC-827) with known EGFR pathway mutations, and also primary isolated lung cancer epithelial cells, by encapsulation within an Alginate matrix to produced isogenic cell populations. Additionally, spheroids were co-cultured alongside primary Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs). Following generation (7 days), spheroids (up to 500µm diameter) were treated with cytotoxic agents. The presence of CAFs attenuated the growth of smaller tumor spheroids (&amp;lt;100μm) although drug responses were not markedly changed in larger spheroids. Secondly, 3D tumor spheroids were generated using the OrganDot system (Asterand Biosciences) for the same lung and primary cell lines. Consistent responses were achieved between OrganDOT cultures and 3D alginate spheroids. Both systems allowed long-term viability of cultures allowing sequential or chronic compound testing. Both systems produced responses consistent with known genotypes for those cell lines. Ongoing studies using these models are focused at assessing whether anti-EGFR responses may predict the presence or absence of EGFR-pathway mutations in freshly isolated primary lung tumor cultures mutations. Citation Format: Amanda Carys Harvey, Graham Place, Kathryn Baggott, Satinder Samra, Caroline Freathy, Neil Cross. Development of robust in vitro 3D models of human tumors for the identification and evaluation of anti-cancer drugs [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR International Conference: New Frontiers in Cancer Research; 2017 Jan 18-22; Cape Town, South Africa. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(22 Suppl):Abstract nr B30.
The feasibility of a mandibular movement test as a screening tool for polysomnography candidates
Authors: Marie-Caroline Rotty, Jean-Pierre Mallet, Jean-Christian Borel, Carey M. Suehs, Arnaud Bourdin, Nicolas Molinari, Dany Jaffuel
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2017)

Sleep apnoea syndrome (SAS) is a common sleep disorder with a prevalence ranging from 5.9% to 79.2% in the European general population over 40 years of age, depending on the clinical symptoms and apnoea hypopnoea scoring criteria used [1]. Despite its frequency, the fact that it is a significant risk factor for many common diseases, and a recent meta-analysis demonstrating that available treatments are effective [2], SAS remains underdiagnosed. Mandibular movement tests have demonstrated potential as screening tools for polysomnography candidates <http://ow.ly/iu2430fZk2u> Data were provided by the Brizzy registry (Nomics, Belgium). However, Nomics was in no way involved in this analysis, nor did they provide any kind of incentive to any of the authors.
International External Validation Study of the 2014 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines on Sudden Cardiac Death Prevention in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (EVIDENCE-HCM)
Authors: Constantinos O’Mahony, Fatima Jichi, Steve R. Ommen, Imke Christiaans, Eloisa Arbustini, Pablo Garcia-Pavia, Franco Cecchi, Iacopo Olivotto, Hiroaki Kitaoka, Israel Gotsman, Gerald Carr-White, Jens Mogensen, Loizos Antoniades, Saidi A. Mohiddin, Mathew S. Maurer, Hak Chiaw Tang, Jeffrey B. Geske, Konstantinos C. Siontis, Karim D. Mahmoud, Alexa Vermeer, Arthur Wilde, Valentina Favalli, Oliver P. Guttmann, Maria Gallego-Delgado, Fernando Dominguez, Ilaria Tanini, Toru Kubo, Andre Keren, Teofila Bueser, Sarah Waters, Issa F. Issa, James Malcolmson, Tom Burns, Neha Sekhri, Christopher W. Hoeger, Rumana Z. Omar, Perry M. Elliott
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Identification of people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) who are at risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and require a prophylactic implantable cardioverter defibrillator is challenging. In 2014, the European Society of Cardiology proposed a new risk stratification method based on a risk prediction model (HCM Risk-SCD) that estimates the 5-year risk of SCD. The aim was to externally validate the 2014 European Society of Cardiology recommendations in a geographically diverse cohort of patients recruited from the United States, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. Methods: This was an observational, retrospective, longitudinal cohort study. Results: The cohort consisted of 3703 patients. Seventy three (2%) patients reached the SCD end point within 5 years of follow-up (5-year incidence, 2.4% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.9–3.0]). The validation study revealed a calibration slope of 1.02 (95% CI, 0.93–1.12), C-index of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.68–0.72), and D-statistic of 1.17 (95% CI, 1.05–1.29). In a complete case analysis (n= 2147; 44 SCD end points at 5 years), patients with a predicted 5-year risk of &lt;4% (n=1524; 71%) had an observed 5-year SCD incidence of 1.4% (95% CI, 0.8–2.2); patients with a predicted risk of ≥6% (n=297; 14%) had an observed SCD incidence of 8.9% (95% CI, 5.96–13.1) at 5 years. For every 13 (297/23) implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantations in patients with an estimated 5-year SCD risk ≥6%, 1 patient can potentially be saved from SCD. Conclusions: This study confirms that the HCM Risk-SCD model provides accurate prognostic information that can be used to target implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in patients at the highest risk of SCD.
Abstract B26: iNOS expression and lethal prostate cancer in patients with localized disease
Authors: Jennifer R. Rider, Ann Erlandsson, Chirag Vyas, Sabina Davidsson, Jessica Carlsson, Swen-Olof Andersson, Ove Andren
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) has demonstrated both tumor-promoting and tumor-inhibiting effects in prostate cancer. However, the relationship between iNOS protein expression and long-term prostate cancer outcomes is unclear. We evaluated iNOS expression in tumor epithelia and stroma in 300 men with localized tumors diagnosed incidentally by transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in Sweden. In this extreme case-control design, cases (N=132) died of prostate cancer and controls (N=168) survived at least 8 years following diagnosis without death from prostate cancer or a competing cause. Immunohistochemistry was undertaken with a polyclonal rabbit anti-human NOS2 antibody (Abcam) and the Ventana (Roche) semi-automated staining system. Two observers individually scored the staining according to intensity and number of positive cells from 0-3. The median value across cores in each patient were then categorized as &amp;lt;1, &amp;gt;1-&amp;lt;2, and &amp;gt;2, separately for epithelial and stromal compartments. Odds ratios for lethal prostate cancer were estimated with logistic regression controlling for the matching factors (age, calendar year of diagnosis), as well as tumor stage, Gleason score, and percent tumor. iNOS was expressed by stromal-associated M1 macrophages and fibroblasts, as well as tumor cells. Gleason score was positively associated with both stromal and epithelial iNOS staining. In the stroma, there was no statistically significant association between iNOS expression and lethal prostate cancer after adjustment for clinical covariates. However, the odds of lethal prostate cancer increased with tumor expression of iNOS in the fully adjusted model. Compared to patients with the lowest category of iNOS expression, the odds ratios for lethal prostate cancer were 2.96 (95% CI: 1.26-6.96) for patients in the second category and 3.80 (95% CI: 1.45-9.97) for patients in the top category. These results suggest that iNOS may help to identify patients with aggressive prostate cancer at the time of diagnosis, or may be a therapeutic target. Given previously reported in vitro data suggesting that iNOS promotes proliferation of androgen-independent prostate tumors, future analyses will investigate association between iNOS expression and time to castration-resistant prostate cancer in this patient population. Citation Format: Jennifer R. Rider, Ann Erlandsson, Chirag Vyas, Sabina Davidsson, Jessica Carlsson, Swen-Olof Andersson, Ove Andren. iNOS expression and lethal prostate cancer in patients with localized disease [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR International Conference: New Frontiers in Cancer Research; 2017 Jan 18-22; Cape Town, South Africa. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(22 Suppl):Abstract nr B26.
Primary bone lymphoma (PBL) real world experience of a single cancer hospital. results, prognostic factors, treatment and long term follow up of 12 patients.
Authors: Dionisios Stoumbos, Christos Gkekas, Evangelos Asmanis, Evangelia Eleni Christaki, Magdalini Dadakaridou, Polykseni Lampropoulou, Aikaterini Megalakaki, Panagiotis Repousis, Maria Kotsopoulou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e19033 Background: PBL is a very rare condition which constitutes less than 1% of all lymphomas. Due to the uncommon entity of this disease there is a lack of concordance in the characteristics, optimal management, treatment strategies and the associated outcome. Methods: Herein, we retrospectively review 12 consecutive patients initially diagnosed with PBL and also treated at our institution from 2001 to present. Results: The median age of the patients was 49 years old. Eight patients were female and 4 male. The histological type of all 12 patients presented was DLBCL. Ten patients (83%) were presented with Ann Arbor Stage I or II disease. While 2 patients (17%) had stage IV disease, none of them showed bone marrow involvement at their initial diagnosis. The median follow-up after achieving CR was 80 months. Our analysis demonstrated that age less than 47 years, lack of B symptoms, normal LDH level, Stage I or II and female gender were found to be favorable prognostic factors for achieving CR and OS. All 12 patients underwent chemotherapy with most of them (10; 83%) receiving 6 to 8 cycles of the RCHOP regimen. The majority (11; 92%) of them received chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. After front line chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy most patients (9; 75%) achieved CR. Among the remaining three patients, the one patient died before completing first line chemotherapy due to an infection during chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, the other patient is undergoing autologous stem-cell transplantation due to refractory PBL and the third one achieved CR after he underwent high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation due to refractory PBL. Both patients that had refractory disease were male and initially diagnosed with stage IV PBL. The median OS was 100 months. Conclusions: The data from our study supports that most PBL patients have had early stage disease (IE-IIE) on diagnosis which also was the most important favorable prognostic factor. Overall, patients with primary lymphoma involving the bone with DLBCL have an excellent prognosis and only a limited number of patients underwent autologous stem-cell transplantation in order to achieve CR.
Abstract 13460: Prognostic Value of Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin for Adverse Events in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Yasuki Nakada, Rika Kawakami, Tomoya Ueda, Tomoya Nakano, Hiroyuki Kawata, Hiroyuki Okura, Yoshihiko Saito
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (U-NGAL) has been reported as an earlier predictor of acute kidney injury (AKI) and a prognostic factor of adverse events in patients with chronic heart failure, but in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients the significance is poorly understood. Methods: We have studied consecutive 436 patients with ADHF admitted to our department from 2011 through 2014. Among these patients, 260 patients measured U-NGAL using 24-hour urine samples collected on day 1 were studied. The primary endpoints were all-cause death, cardiovascular (CV) death and HF admission. Results: We divided into two groups on the basis of the median U-NGAL levels (32.5 μg/gCr). The high U-NGAL group had significantly higher the occurrence of AKI during hospitalization than the low U-NGAL group (p=0.0012). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that high U-NAGL group had worse prognosis than low U-NGAL group in all-cause death (Hazard ratio (HR): 2.07; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38-3.12, p=0.0004), CV death (HR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.28-4.24, p=0.0052), and HF admission (HR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.13-2.77, p=0.0119) (Figure 1). Multivariate analysis revealed that high U-NGAL predicted all-cause death and HF admission (HR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.17-2.72, p=0.0073; and HR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.05-2.72, p=0.0293, respectively). In subgroup analyses, high U-NGAL predicted all-cause death in reduced LVEF (HFrEF, &lt;50%) patients, but not in preserved LVEF (HFpEF, ≥50%) patients, with the significant interaction (p=0.0005) (Figure 2). Conclusions: In ADHF patients, elevated level of U-NGAL was related to development of clinical AKI and associated with poor prognosis.
Oral Microbiome Composition Reflects Prospective Risk for Esophageal Cancers
Authors: Brandilyn A. Peters, Jing Wu, Zhiheng Pei, Liying Yang, Mark P. Purdue, Neal D. Freedman, Eric J. Jacobs, Susan M. Gapstur, Richard B. Hayes, Jiyoung Ahn
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Bacteria may play a role in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), although evidence is limited to cross-sectional studies. In this study, we examined the relationship of oral microbiota with EAC and ESCC risk in a prospective study nested in two cohorts. Oral bacteria were assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in prediagnostic mouthwash samples from n = 81/160 EAC and n = 25/50 ESCC cases/matched controls. Findings were largely consistent across both cohorts. Metagenome content was predicted using PiCRUST. We examined associations between centered log-ratio transformed taxon or functional pathway abundances and risk using conditional logistic regression adjusting for BMI, smoking, and alcohol. We found the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia to be associated with higher risk of EAC. Furthermore, we found that depletion of the commensal genus Neisseria and the species Streptococcus pneumoniae was associated with lower EAC risk. Bacterial biosynthesis of carotenoids was also associated with protection against EAC. Finally, the abundance of the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis trended with higher risk of ESCC. Overall, our findings have potential implications for the early detection and prevention of EAC and ESCC. Cancer Res; 77(23); 6777–87. ©2017 AACR.
Abstract B27: Unusual presentations of prostate cancer
Authors: Sunny Doodu Mante, Benjamin Adusei, Nana Yaa Snyper
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Unusual presentations of prostate cancer can usually mislead the Surgeon in the management of his patient. Prostate cancer may presents in such a way that it mimics other conditions such as generalized lymphadenopathy, Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy, dyspnoea, chronic constipation, and ureteric obstruction. Most of these cases have no lower urinary tract symptoms and the main clue is to do a digital rectal examination which is abnormal, an elevated PSA and a TRUS biopsy to make the diagnosis. Treatment is usually with Bicalutamide and LHRH analogues. This leads to resolution of the condition. Citation Format: Sunny Doodu Mante, Benjamin Adusei, Nana Yaa Snyper. Unusual presentations of prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR International Conference: New Frontiers in Cancer Research; 2017 Jan 18-22; Cape Town, South Africa. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(22 Suppl):Abstract nr B27.