tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 14916: Adverse Event Reporting in >48,000 Participants in Four Acute Coronary Syndrome Trials
Authors: André Zimerman, Amanda L Stebbins, Renato D Lopes, Patrícia O Guimarães, Stefan K James, John H Alexander, Pierluigi Tricoci, Matthew T Roe, E. Magnus Ohman, Kenneth W Mahaffey, Claes Held, Brian Tinga, Karen S Pieper, Karen P Alexander
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Adverse event (AE) collection in randomized clinical trials establishes the safety of investigational products. Although costly and regulated, it is rarely a topic of study. Methods and Results: Post-discharge AEs were collected per protocol and classified as serious or non-serious in 48,118 participants from 40 countries enrolled in 4 clinical trials of antithrombotic therapy in acute coronary syndromes (APPRAISE-2, PLATO, TRACER, TRILOGY ACS). Pooled data was used to compare patterns and determinants of AE reporting; study endpoints were excluded. Overall, 46.1% of participants had no AEs, 16.3% had at least 1 serious AE (SAE), and another 37.7% had only non-serious AEs (nsAE). A total of 12,266 SAEs and 72,635 nSAEs were reported. AEs were generally well distributed in most system organ classes, including general disorders (11%), infection (10%), gastrointestinal (10%), respiratory (9%), and other (35%), whereas cardiac events were more common among SAEs (14.0% of SAEs, 8.4% of nSAEs). AE r...
Abstract 12961: The Clinical Utility of Normal Findings on Noninvasive Cardiac Assessment in the Prediction of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Sanjay Venkatesh, Wesley T O’Neal, Stephen T Broughton, Amit J Shah, Elsayed Z Soliman
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: The absence of abnormalities found on noninvasive cardiac assessment possibly confers a reduced atrial fibrillation (AF) risk despite the presence of traditional risk factors. Methods: We examined the clinical utility of normal findings on routine noninvasive cardiac assessment in 5,331 (85% white; 57% women) from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) who were free of baseline AF. The combination of normal electrocardiogram (ECG) + normal echocardiogram was assessed for the development of AF events. Normal ECG was defined as absence of major or minor Minnesota code abnormalities. Normal echocardiogram was defined as absence of contractile dysfunction, wall motion abnormalities, or abnormal left ventricular mass. Cox regression was used to compute the 10-year risk of developing AF. Results: There were 1,788 (34%) participants with normal ECG + normal echocardiogram, 2,207 (41%) with either normal ECG or a normal echocardiogram, and 1,336 (25%) with abnormal ECG + abnormal echocardiogram. During the 10-year study period, a total of 951 (18%) AF events were detected. When we examined the predictive ability of the normal ECG (multivariable HR=0.80, 95%CI=0.69, 0.92) and normal echocardiogram (multivariable HR=0.75, 95%CI=0.65, 0.87) in isolation, each marker was protective of developing AF. Compared with participants who had abnormal ECG + abnormal echocardiogram (referent), a protective benefit was observed for those with normal ECG or normal echocardiogram (multivariable HR=0.81, 95%CI=0.69, 0.95) and normal ECG + normal echocardiogram (multivariable HR=0.66, 95%CI=0.55, 0.79). Conclusions: Normal findings on routine noninvasive cardiac assessment identify persons in which the risk of AF is low. Further studies are needed to explore the utility of this profile regarding the decision to implement certain risk factor modification strategies in older adults to reduce the burden of AF.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients With Symptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Ron Waksman, Toby Rogers, Rebecca Torguson, Paul Gordon, Afshin Ehsan, Sean R. Wilson, John Goncalves, Robert Levitt, Chiwon Hahn, Puja Parikh, Thomas Bilfinger, David Butzel, Scott Buchanan, Nicholas Hanna, Robert Garrett, Federico Asch, Gaby Weissman, Itsik Ben-Dor, Christian Shults, Roshni Bastian, Paige E. Craig, Hector M. Garcia-Garcia, Paul Kolm, Quan Zou, Lowell F. Satler, Paul J. Corso
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Effects of Once-Weekly Exenatide on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Preexisting Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Robert J. Mentz, Vivian P. Thompson, David Aguilar, Jasmine Choi, Stephanie M. Gustavson, Nayyar Iqbal, Alice P. Kong, Peter Öhman, Naveed Sattar, Russell S. Scott, Yee Weng Wong, Rury R. Holman, Adrian F. Hernandez
Journal: Circulation (2018)

2][3] Once-weekly exenatide (EQW) resulted in a nominal 9% relative reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; P value for superiority = 0.061) and a 14% relative reduction in all-cause mortality (nominal P value for superiority = 0.016) compared with placebo.These effects on MACE were consistent in those with and without known CVD at baseline (interaction P value= 0.50).We performed a prespecified subgroup analysis of EQW on outcomes in EXSCEL in patients with known CVD at baseline.EXSCEL enrolled 14 752 patients between June 2010 and September 2015.2][3] In brief, EXSCEL investigated the effects of the once-weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) exenatide (2-mg injection) on cardiovascular-related outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus.The study included patients at any level of cardiovascular risk and targeted ≈70% with known CVD, including coronary artery disease, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, or atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease. 1 The primary end point was the first occurrence of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke.Secondary end points were all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome, and hospitalization for heart failure.The median follow-up was 3.2 years (interquartile range, 2.2-4.4).All patients provided written informed consent, and the protocol was approved by the ethics committee at each site.We evaluated outcomes by treatment group for the 10 782 participants (73% of those randomized) with known CVD, whose baseline characteristics have been published. 2Cox proportional hazards were used to compare the impact of EQW with placebo on outcomes.We report the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for treatment with EQW compared with placebo.In the EXSCEL subgroup with known CVD, participants in the EQW group demonstrated a 10% relative risk reduction for MACE (hazard ratio [HR], 0.90; 95% CI, 0.816-0.999',nominal P value = 0.047).Each of the secondary end points including, all-cause mortality (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.774-1.002),demonstrated an HR < 1.00 with EQW, compared with placebo, with the exception of hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome (HR, 1.03), with none meeting the nominal level of statistical significance (all nominal P>0.05;Figure).
Does evolutionary cognitive psychology crowd out the better angels of our nature?
Authors: Cindy D. Kam
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2018)

Abstract Although Boyer &amp; Petersen's (B&amp;P's) target article provides an exciting framework for political communication studies of framing effects, I raise questions concerning the presumed importance of folk-economic beliefs, the relative utility of identifying such proximate (as opposed to more generalized) drivers of public opinion, and the extent to which their model can explain variability among individuals. I conclude with thoughts on the normative implications of the evolutionary cognitive model for democratic governance.
Crossing the Global Health Care Quality Chasm
Authors: Donald Berwick, Megan Snair, Sania Nishtar
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Time to act on injectable-free regimens for children with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
Authors: James A Seddon, H Simon Schaaf, Ben J Marais, Lindsay McKenna, Anthony J Garcia-Prats, Anneke C Hesseling, Jennifer Hughes, Pauline Howell, Anne Detjen, Farhana Amanullah, Urvashi Singh, Iqbal Master, Carlos M Perez-Velez, Nirupa Misra, Mercedes C Becerra, Jennifer J Furin
Journal: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine (2018)
Sepsis as a Cause of Infectious Disease Mortality
Authors: Ugo Fedeli, Enrico Grande
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 12013: Electrical Remodeling in Patients With Iatrogenic Left Bundle Branch Block
Authors: Elien Engels, Thomas T Poels, Patrick Houthuizen, Peter de Jaegere, Kevin Vernooy, Frits W Prinzen
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Purpose: Left bundle branch block (LBBB) is induced in approximately one third of all transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) procedures. TAVI-induced LBBB is associated with an increased risk of death. We investigated the remodeling of electrophysiological properties in patients with TAVI-induced LBBB and the impact on survival. Methods: This retrospective study comprises of 46 patients with initially narrow QRS complex, in whom 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) were available before TAVI, acutely after (acute LBBB) and 1-12 months after TAVI (chronic LBBB). All patients had persistent LBBB. A vectorcardiogram (VCG) was reconstructed from the recorded 12-lead ECG using a modified Kors method. Survival of the patients was studied during a 30 months follow-up time. Results: The entire cohort was divided into two groups using an optimal cut-off value for the T-wave area change between acute and chronic LBBB. One group showed a percent reduction in T-wave area larger than 13.5% (n = 27, “Remodeling”) ...
Abstract P265: Macrosocial Disparity, Diet, and Cardiovascular Mortality in Global Populations Undergoing Transition
Authors: Gitanjali M Singh, Kurtis Morrish, William Masters, Dariush Mozaffarian
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: Economic and social disparities are linked to poor health outcomes in diverse countries worldwide. Differences in diet may mediate many of these effects, yet to-date, the impact of social, economic, and demographic inequality on the quality and diversity of diet has not been examined in a comparable manner globally. Objective: To comparably quantify the relationships of macroeconomic indicators of disparity with diet quality in 84 countries worldwide, and to assess their associations with CVD mortality. Methods: Data on country-specific per-capita GDP, urbanization, income inequality (income Gini coefficient and share of income held by top 1%), education, and educational inequality (educational Gini); on dietary quality and diversity; and on CVD mortality rates were obtained from our Global Dietary Database and other sources (Figure). Relationships between income inequality, diet quality, and CVD mortality were examined through multivariate regression controlling for country-level per-capita GDP, including country-level fixed effects, as well as through non-parametric Loess regression. Analyses were performed separately for 1990, 2010, and for the percent change between 1990 and 2010 for each variable. Results: From 1990-2010 income inequality increased by &gt;5% in 51 of 84 countries and decreased by &gt; 5% in 15/84 countries. Of countries with increasing income inequality, 61% had worsening scores for unhealthy diet; of those with decreasing income inequality, only 27% had worsening unhealthy diet scores. CVD mortality increased in 43% of countries with increasing income inequality, primarily in Eastern Europe/Asia; while it declined in ½ of countries with declining income inequality (Figure). Results for educational inequality and urbanization are in progress. Conclusions: This first cross-country analysis of macrosocial disparities, diet quality and CVD mortality highlights regional heterogeneity and time variance the impacts of these inequities on diet and subsequent risk of CVD.
Exercise, orthoses and splinting for treating Achilles tendinopathy: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Fiona Wilson, Margaret Walshe, Tom O’Dwyer, Kathleen Bennett, David Mockler, Christopher Bleakley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2018)

Objectives To assess the efficacy of exercise, orthoses and splinting on function, pain and quality of life (QoL) for the management of mid-portion and insertional Achilles tendinopathy, and to compare different types, applications and modes of delivery within each intervention category. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources Medline, CINAHL, Embase, AMED, WHO ICTRP, Web of Science, PEDro and Cochrane Library from inception to October 2017. Citation tracking of published studies and conference proceedings and contacting experts in the field. Study eligibility criteria Controlled clinical trials evaluating either exercise, orthoses or splinting for the management of Achilles tendinopathy. Methods Independent reviewers undertook searches, screening and risk of bias appraisal. Primary outcomes of interest were function, pain and QoL. Results Twenty-two studies were included (1137 participants). Moderate level evidence favoured eccentric exercise over control for improving pain and function in mid-portion tendinopathy. Moderate level evidence favoured eccentric exercise over concentric exercise for reducing pain. There was moderate level evidence of no significant difference in pain or function between eccentric exercise and heavy slow resistance exercise. There was low level evidence that eccentric exercise was not superior to stretching for pain or QoL. There was moderate level evidence that a combined exercise protocol was not superior to a lower dosage protocol for improving functional performance. There was moderate to low level evidence of a significant difference in pain (mean difference (MD) 6.3 mm, 95% CI −4.45 to 17.04, moderate) or function (MD 1.83 Victoria Institute of Sport Assessment points, 95% CI −7.47 to 11.12, low) between high-dose and low-dose eccentric training. There was high to moderate level evidence of no difference in pain (moderate) or function (high) between orthoses and control. There was low level evidence of no significant benefit in adding a night splint to an eccentric exercise programme for function, and moderate level evidence for no reduction in pain (MD −3.50, 95% CI −10.49 to 3.48). Eccentric exercise was not superior to splinting for pain (moderate evidence) or function (low level evidence). Summary We conditionally recommend exercise for improving pain and function in mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy. The balance of evidence did not support recommendation of one type of exercise programme over another. We conditionally recommend against the addition of a splint to an eccentric exercise protocol and we do not recommend the use of orthoses to improve pain and function in Achilles tendinopathy.
Alzheimer-associated cerebrospinal fluid fragments of neurogranin are generated by Calpain-1 and prolyl endopeptidase
Authors: Bruno Becker, Faisal Hayat Nazir, Gunnar Brinkmalm, Elena Camporesi, Hlin Kvartsberg, Erik Portelius, Martina Boström, Marie Kalm, Kina Höglund, Maria Olsson, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow
Journal: Molecular Neurodegeneration (2018)

Neurogranin (Ng) is a small 7.6 kDa postsynaptic protein that has been detected at elevated concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), both as a full-length molecule and as fragments from its C-terminal half. Ng is involved in postsynaptic calcium (Ca) signal transduction and memory formation via binding to calmodulin in a Ca-dependent manner. The mechanism of Ng secretion from neurons to CSF is currently unknown, but enzymatic cleavage of Ng may be of relevance. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify the enzymes responsible for the cleavage of Ng, yielding the Ng fragment pattern of C-terminal fragments detectable and increased in CSF of AD patients. Fluorigenic quenched FRET probes containing sequences of Ng were utilized to identify Ng cleaving activities among enzymes known to have increased activity in AD and in chromatographically fractionated mouse brain extracts. Human Calpain-1 and prolyl endopeptidase were identified as the candidate enzymes involved in the formation of endogenous Ng peptides present in CSF, cleaving mainly in the central region of Ng, and between amino acids 75_76 in the Ng sequence, respectively. The cleavage by Calpain-1 affects the IQ domain of Ng, which may deactivate or change the function of Ng in Ca2+/calmodulin -dependent signaling for synaptic plasticity. While shorter Ng fragments were readily cleaved in vitro by prolyl endopeptidase, the efficiency of cleavage on larger Ng fragments was much lower. Calpain-1 and prolyl endopeptidase cleave Ng in the IQ domain and near the C-terminus, respectively, yielding specific fragments of Ng in CSF. These fragments may give clues to the roles of increased activities of these enzymes in the pathophysiology of AD, and provide possible targets for pharmacologic intervention.
Correction: Per-rectal endoscopic myotomy (PREM) for pediatric Hirschsprung’s disease
Authors: Amol Bapaye, Tarun Bharadwaj, Mahesh Mahadik, Sandeep Ware, Pankaj Nemade, Rajendra Pujari, Jay Bapaye
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Correction to: Per-rectal endoscopic myotomy (PREM) for pediatric Hirschsprung’s diseaseEndoscopy 2018; 50(06): 644-645DOI: 10.1055/a-0583-7570
Abstract 3720: New Experimental Model of Type 2 Diabetes in Rabbits Promotes Retina Microaneurisms, which are Attenuated by Renin-Angiotensin Blockade
Authors: Tatiana Helfenstein, Juliana M Bottos, Silvia S Ihara, Daniel R Pomaro, Waldir G Relvas, Michel E Farah, Antonio C Carvalho, Francisco A Fonseca, Maria C Izar
Journal: Circulation (2008)

Type 2 diabetes is responsible for macro- and microvascular complications, including cardiovascular disease, nephropathy and retinopathy. We present a new animal model for the study of the retina e...
Lack of confidence interval reporting in dermatology: a call to action
Authors: Z.H. Hopkins, C. Moreno, A.M. Secrest
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Confidence intervals (CIs) offer a complete and intuitive presentation of results and are more informative than P-values. The current prevalence of CI reporting in the dermatology literature has not been discussed.To evaluate CI reporting prevalence in the dermatology literature, factors predicting reporting and to compare CI reporting in the dermatology literature with dermatology research in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM).MEDLINE was queried for trials and observational studies published from 2007 to 2017 in six dermatology journals with varying impact factors: British Journal of Dermatology, Journal of Investigative Dermatology, JAMA Dermatology, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, European Journal of Dermatology and Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. Randomly selected studies were reviewed to calculate CI reporting prevalence, and logistic regression identified factors predictive of CI reporting.Of 97 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, only 21 (22%; 95% CI 14-31%) reported CIs for the primary outcome. Of the remaining 76 studies, 43 reported a measure of variance (57%; 95% CI 45-67%). More recent year of publication was the strongest predictor for CI reporting [odds ratio 1·44; 95% CI 1·10-1·89 (P = 0·01)] in multivariable analysis. CI reporting in NEJM was significantly higher than in the dermatology literature (64% vs. 22%; P < 0·001).CI reporting in the dermatology literature is low. We urge both dermatology journals and researchers to improve clinical interpretation of study results by taking steps to increase CI reporting.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Tobacco Product Use Among Middle and High School Students — United States, 2014–2017
Authors: Satomi Odani, Brian S. Armour, Israel T. Agaku
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

During the past few decades, wide disparities in tobacco product use have been documented among the largest racial/ethnic groups in the United States (1,2); however, little is known about tobacco product use among youths from racial/ethnic groups other than whites, blacks, and Hispanics. Surveillance reports typically aggregate these racial/ethnic minorities into a single category because of small sample sizes (3). To assess tobacco product use among U.S. middle and high school students from seven racial/ethnic groups (non-Hispanic whites [whites], non-Hispanic blacks [blacks], Hispanics, non-Hispanic Asians [Asians], non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska natives [AI/ANs], non-Hispanic Native Hawaiians/Other Pacific Islanders [NHOPIs], and non-Hispanic multiracial persons [multiracial]), CDC analyzed pooled data from the 2014-2017 National Youth Tobacco Surveys (NYTS). Prevalence of ever (≥1 time in lifetime) and current (≥1 time in past 30 days) use of seven tobacco products (cigarettes, cigars, smokeless tobacco, electronic cigarettes [e-cigarettes], hookahs, pipes, and bidis) was assessed; any tobacco product use was defined as use of one or more tobacco products, including hand-rolled cigarettes. During 2014-2017, ever-use of any tobacco product among U.S. middle and high school students was as follows: NHOPIs (45.1%), AI/ANs (43.8%), multiracial persons (38.2%), Hispanics (35.1%), blacks (32.3%), whites (32.0%), and Asians (16.3%). Current use of any tobacco product was as follows: NHOPIs (23.4%), AI/ANs (20.6%), multiracial persons (16.5%), whites (15.3%), Hispanics (14.6%), blacks (11.5%), and Asians (5.0%). Among black middle and high school students, cigars were the most common product currently used, whereas e-cigarettes were the most commonly used product for all other racial/ethnic groups. Comprehensive and sustained implementation of evidence-based, population-level tobacco control interventions could reduce prevalence and disparities in tobacco product use among U.S. youths.