tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Correction to: Efficacy and Safety of a Pharmaco-Invasive Strategy With Half-Dose Alteplase Versus Primary Angioplasty in ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction: EARLY-MYO Trial (Early Routine Catheterization After Alteplase Fibrinolysis Versus Primary PCI in Acute ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction)
Journal: Circulation (2018)
Anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrogenic effects of monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitors in the liver involve macrophage autophagy
Authors: D. Chokr, A. Habib, J. Wan, P. Hegde, P. Letteron, N. Pilard, A. Mansouri, A. Brouillet, E. Weiss, R. Moreau, M. Trauner, S. Lotersztajn
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Review: Adjunctive corticosteroids do not reduce mortality or clinical failure in adult inpatients with CAP
Authors: Benton R. Hunter
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

Source Citation Briel M, Spoorenberg SMC, Snijders D, et al; STEP Study Group. Corticosteroids in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia: systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66:346-54. 29020323
Tissue Engineering at the Blood‐Contacting Surface: A Review of Challenges and Strategies in Vascular Graft Development
Authors: Daniel Radke, Wenkai Jia, Dhavan Sharma, Kemin Fena, Guifang Wang, Jeremy Goldman, Feng Zhao
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2018)

Abstract Tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) are beginning to achieve clinical success and hold promise as a source of grafting material when donor grafts are unsuitable or unavailable. Significant technological advances have generated small‐diameter TEVGs that are mechanically stable and promote functional remodeling by regenerating host cells. However, developing a biocompatible blood‐contacting surface remains a major challenge. The TEVG luminal surface must avoid negative inflammatory responses and thrombogenesis immediately upon implantation and promote endothelialization. The surface has therefore become a primary focus for research and development efforts. The current state of TEVGs is herein reviewed with an emphasis on the blood‐contacting surface. General vascular physiology and developmental challenges and strategies are briefly described, followed by an overview of the materials currently employed in TEVGs. The use of biodegradable materials and stem cells requires careful control of graft composition, degradation behavior, and cell recruitment ability to ensure that a physiologically relevant vessel structure is ultimately achieved. The establishment of a stable monolayer of endothelial cells and the quiescence of smooth muscle cells are critical to the maintenance of patency. Several strategies to modify blood‐contacting surfaces to resist thrombosis and control cellular recruitment are reviewed, including coatings of biomimetic peptides and heparin.
FXR agonist GW4064 represses HBV replication in adult but not in young C3H/HeN mice after HBV transduction with rAAV2/8-HBV
Authors: F. Fusil, C. Ménard, C. Ramière, A. Ollivier, K. Mouzzanar, V. Lotteau, F.L. Cosset, P. Andre
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Erratum. Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing Patients With and Without Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009;32:2300–2306
Authors: Andrew D. Calvin, Niti R. Aggarwal, Mohammad Hassan Murad, Qian Shi, Mohamed B. Elamin, Jeffrey B. Geske, M. Merce Fernandez-Balsells, Felipe N. Albuquerque, Julianna F. Lampropulos, Patricia J. Erwin, Steven A. Smith, Victor M. Montori
Journal: Diabetes Care (2018)

In the article cited above, Fig. 2 should have shown the pooled relative risks and 95% CI for the effect of aspirin versus control on death, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke, respectively, stratified by diabetes status of the trial participants. The published version of the manuscript incorrectly labeled the …
Abstract 18121: Extracranial Systemic Embolic Events in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Incidence and Outcomes
Authors: Wobo Bekwelem, Selcuk Adabag, Sue Duval, Susan Chrolavicius, Jonathan L Halperin, Stuart J Connolly, Alan T Hirsch
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with thromboembolic events, including stroke, but the impact of extracranial systemic embolic events (SEE) remains undefined. No prior study has accumulated a sufficient number of SEE to comprehensively evaluate their incidence, clinical characteristics and outcomes. Methods: All suspected SEE reported among participants in recent large randomized trials were independently re-adjudicated by three clinicians for this analysis. Verification of SEE required clinical and objective evidence of sudden loss of perfusion of a limb or organ. The anatomic distribution, method of detection, severity and outcomes of events were abstracted from case report forms and source documents. The risk of SEE-related death was compared to stroke fatality by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results: Over 91,746 patient-years, 223 SEE occurred in 219 subjects, an incidence of 0.24/100 patient-years; the stroke rate during the same period was 1.92/100 patient-years. Patients with SEE were likely to be female (57%), mean age (SD) 73.4 (8.6) years, and mean CHADS 2 score 2.4 (1.3), compared with 55.9%, 73.5 (8.9) years, CHADS 2 score 2.5 (1.2) for patients with stroke. SEE most often involved lower extremity (61%), visceral-mesenteric arterial (28%), and upper extremity (11%) arterial beds. Severity ranged from clinic assessment alone (5%), to hospitalization (30%), surgical intervention (60%), and amputation (5%). Within 3 days of event, outcomes included full recovery in 55%, survival with deficit in 20%, and death in 24%. Mortality was greater after visceral-mesenteric than lower or upper extremity SEE (48, 16 and 9%, respectively, p=0.00001). The relative risk of death during long term follow-up of patients surviving until 3 days compared to those without event was 1.7 (95% CI 1.4, 2.1) after SEE and 1.8 (95% CI 1.7, 1.9) after stroke. Conclusion: SEE constituted 11.5% of clinically manifest thromboembolic events in patients with AF. SEE are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, depending upon the anatomical site. The risk of mortality associated with SEE is comparable to that of ischemic stroke. Improved surveillance for and earlier detection of SEE might improve outcomes.
ESOPHAGOMEDIASTINAL-TRACHEAL/BRONCHIAL FISTULAS IN PATIENTS WITH HIV INFECTION AND TUBERCULOSIS, TREATMENT ABILITIES
Authors: M Reshetnikov, D Plotkin, M Synitsyn, M Skopin
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Tuberculosis in patients with terminal stages of HIV infection is characterized by a tendency to multiple organ damage. Formation of fistula between mediastinal lymph nodes and trachea andor esophagus is one of common complications in patients with tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes. Surgical treatment of these patients is carried out to isolate the digestive tract and the respiratory system.
Polyploidy and chromosomal instability correlates with proliferative traits and lack of immune-related gene signatures in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: L. Bassaganyas, S. Torrecilla, A. Moeini, F. Nadeu, D. Sia, I. Salaverria, L. Cabellos, R. Pinyol, J. Camps, V. Mazzaferro, J.M. Llovet
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Abstract 11776: The Questionable Clinical Impact of Routine Pre-operative Cardiology Consultation Prior to Vascular Surgical Procedures
Authors: Peter Henke, Yeo Jung Park, Anna Eliassen, Ash Mansour, Krishna Jain, Tim Nypaver, Paul Grossman, Hitinder Gurm
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Objective: No significant evidence basis exists for who and when a preoperative cardiac consultation should be obtained. We sought to define the variation in preoperative cardiology for patients requiring a vascular surgical procedure and determine whether this was associated with differences in perioperative myocardial infarction (poMI) or death. Methods: A 29 hospital statewide QI collaborative were queried for open aortic aneurysm repair, EVAR, and open vascular bypass procedures. Preprocedure documented cardiac consultation as well as stress testing was determined as part of the database. The primary outcome was poMI and death. Results: Among 5191 patients, 48% had a documented preoperative cardiac cardiology consultation, with the poMI rate of 2.1% and a 1.3% death rate. Across hospitals, preoperative cardiac consultation varied from &lt;10% to over 85%, and was not dependent on the procedural volume, academic versus community status , or hospital size. Cardiology consultation rates correlated with stress test usage (Pearson ρ = 0.6; p &lt; .001). Stratification of patients by the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI) categories showed consultation varied significantly by classification; RCRI=1; 38% had preoperative cardiology consult rate versus an RCRI =4; 66% had a cardiology consult. After stratification by RCRI, there was no association between cardiac consultation use and lower postoperative MI rate (Table) or death rate. Moreover, use of preoperative cardioprotective medications was not more common in those hospitals with high (&gt; 50%) cardiology consultation rates as compared to lower consultation hospitals. Discussion: Preoperative cardiology consultation for vascular surgical patients varies greatly between institutions. Cardiology consultation was not associated with better utilization of cardioprotective medications nor was it associated with a lower incidence of death or myocardial infarction. MI Frequency by Cardiac Consultation
FGF21 Prevents Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension and Vascular Dysfunction by Activation of ACE2/Angiotensin-(1–7) Axis in Mice
Authors: Xuebo Pan, Yihui Shao, Fan Wu, Yuan Wang, Rongrong Xiong, Jujia Zheng, Haishan Tian, Baile Wang, Yanfang Wang, Yi Zhang, Zongsheng Han, Aijuan Qu, Haixia Xu, Aihua Lu, Tianxin Yang, Xiaokun Li, Aimin Xu, Jie Du, Zhuofeng Lin
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2018)
The risk of TESE-induced hypogonadism: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jitske Eliveld, Madelon van Wely, Andreas Meißner, Sjoerd Repping, Fulco van der Veen, Ans M M van Pelt
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2018)

Testicular sperm extraction (TESE) is a surgical procedure to retrieve spermatozoa from the testes of men with azoospermia to help them achieve biological parenthood. Although effective, the surgical procedure is not without complications and haematoma, devascularization, inflammation and a decrease in testosterone levels have been described as such. The prevalence and duration of hypogonadism and associated symptoms after TESE have not been studied systematically. In this systematic review we addressed the following research questions: Are serum testosterone levels decreased after TESE and, if so, do these levels recover over time? What is the prevalence of symptoms and signs related to hypogonadism after TESE and are they related to testosterone levels? We searched the databases Pubmed and Embase from 1 January 1993 to 26 June 2017. We combined subject headings with terms in title and/or abstract for participants, intervention and outcomes. We included all studies that reported on TESE, regardless of the specific technique used, that measured testosterone and/or LH, and/or had information on signs or symptoms related to hypogonadism as defined by hypogonadism guidelines. An additional inclusion criterion was that studies described these measurements both before and after TESE. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies—of Interventions tool. We identified 15 studies reporting on total testosterone levels of which five studies also reported on testicular volume and one study on erectile dysfunction. Men with Klinefelter syndrome and men with non-obstructive azoospermia had the strongest decrease in total testosterone levels 6 months after TESE, with a mean decrease of 4.1 and 2.7 nmol/l, respectively, which recovered again to baseline levels 26 and 18 months after TESE, respectively. At 6 months after TESE, some studies reported serum total testosterone concentrations below a cut-off value of 12 nmol/l, where symptoms and signs related to hypogonadism may appear. Furthermore, an increased prevalence of erectile dysfunction related to decreased total testosterone levels 6 months after TESE was reported. Also, in some men a decrease in testicular volume was reported. However, it is not clear if this is related to low testosterone levels. The transient, but statistically significant, decrease in total testosterone levels indicates that men are at risk of developing a temporary hypogonadism after TESE, but there is insufficient evidence for whether patients actually experience clinical symptoms in case of decreased serum testosterone levels. To be able to properly counsel TESE patients, more large-scale monitoring on signs and symptoms of hypogonadism, in combination with testosterone measurements, needs to be performed in men undergoing TESE.
Novel role of amphiregulin in bile acids metabolism and protection from cholestatic liver injury
Authors: E. Santamaria, C. Rodriguez-Ortigosa, I. Uriarte, M.U. Latasa, R. Urtasun, B. Sangro, P. Milkiewicz, M. Milkiewicz, M. Monte, J. Marin, M.G. Fernandez-Barrena, Matías Avila, C. Berasain
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Margaret McCartney: Can we now talk openly about the risks of screening?
Authors: Margaret McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2018)

The computer error that caused hundreds of thousands of women not to be invited for breast screening as intended has shone a new spotlight on cancer screening.

Jeremy Hunt has said that, because of this administrative error, “there may be between 135 and 270 women who have had their lives shortened as a result.”1 I find it totally bizarre that the health secretary should make such a statement when we don’t have evidence that breast screening reduces all cause mortality.2

It’s quite right to apologise when things go wrong, but Hunt’s statement didn’t make clear the difference between breast cancer specific mortality and all cause mortality. This doesn’t help women who haven’t been …
Memory Allocation: Mechanisms and Function
Authors: Sheena A. Josselyn, Paul W. Frankland
Journal: Annual Review of Neuroscience (2018)

Memories for events are thought to be represented in sparse, distributed neuronal ensembles (or engrams). In this article, we review how neurons are chosen to become part of a particular engram, via a process of neuronal allocation. Experiments in rodents indicate that eligible neurons compete for allocation to a given engram, with more excitable neurons winning this competition. Moreover, fluctuations in neuronal excitability determine how engrams interact, promoting either memory integration (via coallocation to overlapping engrams) or separation (via disallocation to nonoverlapping engrams). In parallel with rodent studies, recent findings in humans verify the importance of this memory integration process for linking memories that occur close in time or share related content. A deeper understanding of allocation promises to provide insights into the logic underlying how knowledge is normally organized in the brain and the disorders in which this process has gone awry.
Ultrawide-Field OCT to Investigate Relationships between Myopic Macular Retinoschisis and Posterior Staphyloma
Authors: Kosei Shinohara, Noriko Tanaka, Jost B. Jonas, Noriaki Shimada, Muka Moriyama, Takeshi Yoshida, Kyoko Ohno-Matsui
Journal: Ophthalmology (2018)
Effect of obesity on biodistribution of nanoparticles
Authors: Claudiana de Jesus Felismino, Edward Helal-Neto, Filipe Leal Portilho, Suyene Rocha Pinto, Félix Sancenón, Ramón Martínez-Máñez, Agatha de Assis Ferreira, Simone Vargas da Silva, Thereza Christina Barja-Fidalgo, Ralph Santos-Oliveira
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2018)
Plasma ctDNA RAS/RAF mutations analysis for monitoring overall survival (OS) and heterogeneity in metastatic colorectal cancer patients (mCRC).
Authors: Andrea Petricca Mancuso, Veronica Varchetta, Fabrizio Montagnese, Carla Campanella, Rita Brandi, Marco Vitale, Giuseppe Soda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

701 Background: The study was designed to estimate the clinical usefulness of genetic analysis for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) by digital polymerase chain reaction in patients with mCRC. Methods: We compared B-RAF and K/N/H-RAS mutations detected in surgical or endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy tissue DNA and in ctDNA from 63 patients with mCRC. p53 mutational status and PD-L1 expression in the serum and in tissues respectively (positivity H score &gt; 55) were also analyzed with a comparison with survival rates. Results: The frequencies of K-RAS mutations in tissue samples at G12V, G12D, and G12R in codon 12 were 18 of 63 samples (28.57%), 5 of 63 samples (7.93%), and 6 of 63 samples (9.52%), respectively. Conversely, the rates of the mutations in ctDNA were 22 of 63 samples (34.92%), 6 of 63 samples (9.52%), and 9 of 63 samples (14.28%), respectively. No H-RAS or N-RAS mutation were detected. 2 tissue samples harbored a BRAF mutation (3.17%) in a complete discordance with same mutation detected in 6 different serum ctDNA (9.52%). Overall, the K-RAS mutation rates in tissue and ctDNA were 45.72% and 58.72%, respectively, and the concordance rate between them was 29 of 37 samples (78,37%). OS did not appear to differ by the presence of K-RAS mutations in tissue or in the serum DNA, but the OS of patients with B-RAF mutations in ctDNA was significantly shorter than that of patients with tissue K-RAS/B-RAF mutations (11 vs 19 months, p &lt; 0.0001). PD-L1 positivity was significantly associated with p53 mutational status (concordance: 82%) and with a worse outcome for OS. Conclusions: Analysis of ctDNA is a new useful procedure for detecting mutations in mCRC patients. This non invasive method may have great potential to understand tumor heterogeneity and appear a new strategy for the planning therapies as well as for predicting survival.
Sodium taurocholate cotransporting popypeptide variants modulate HDV entry according to their function as a bile acid transporter but do not influence the antiviral effect of Myrcludex-B
Authors: O. Anastasiou, S. Westhaus, M. Anspach, L. Timmer, S. Susser, C. Sarrazin, G. Gerken, V. Keitel, H. Wedemeyer, M. Lu, J. Stindt, S. Ciesek
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Classification of Pancreatic Cancer: Ready for Practical Application?
Authors: Danny N. Khalil, Eileen M. O'Reilly
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract There is great interest in an ability to categorize pancreatic cancer, and understand and classify the significant heterogeneity that exists in this disease. Such classifications based on morphologic, genetic, and immunologic features are emerging, and the application of this information to provide both prognostic and predictive information is highly desired. Clin Cancer Res; 24(18); 4355–6. ©2018 AACR. See related article by Wartenberg et al., p. 4444
Effects of an Antioxidant-enriched Multivitamin in Cystic Fibrosis. A Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Trial
Authors: Scott D. Sagel, Umer Khan, Raksha Jain, Gavin Graff, Cori L. Daines, Jordan M. Dunitz, Drucy Borowitz, David M. Orenstein, Ibrahim Abdulhamid, Julie Noe, John P. Clancy, Bonnie Slovis, Michael J. Rock, Karen S. McCoy, Steven Strausbaugh, Floyd R. Livingston, Konstantinos A. Papas, Michele L. Shaffer
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2018)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by dietary antioxidant deficiencies, which may contribute to an oxidant-antioxidant imbalance and oxidative stress.
Cardiac hypertrophy elevates serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 23
Authors: Isao Matsui, Tatsufumi Oka, Yasuo Kusunoki, Daisuke Mori, Nobuhiro Hashimoto, Ayumi Matsumoto, Karin Shimada, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Keiichi Kubota, Sayoko Yonemoto, Tomoaki Higo, Yusuke Sakaguchi, Yoshitsugu Takabatake, Takayuki Hamano, Yoshitaka Isaka
Journal: Kidney International (2018)
Abstract 13427: The Presence of Fragmented QRS predicts Mortality and Appropriate Shocks in ICD Recipients
Authors: Bert Vandenberk, Tomas Robyns, Vincent Floré, Christophe Garweg, Joris Ector, Rik Willems
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: QRS fragmentation (fQRS) on the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) has been shown to reflect inhomogeneous activation of the ventricles by the presence of myocardial infarction or scarring. Presence of fQRS has been shown to be a predictor of mortality and sudden cardiac death, however data in ICD recipients are scarce. Methods: All ICD recipients in our hospital with ischemic (ICM) or non-ischemic cardiomyopathy were included in this single-center retrospective registry. Electrocardiograms before implant were analyzed for the presence of fQRS according to the criteria defined by Das in 2006 and 2008. Endpoints were appropriate ICD shocks (AS) and all-cause mortality. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses with demographic, clinical and electrocardiographic variables were performed. Results: A total of 727 patients (84.9% male, 66.4% ICM, 56% primary prevention) with a mean follow-up of 5.2±4.1 y were included. Annual mortality rate was 3.9%/y and for shocks 9.4%/y. Overall 50.6% of patients had fQRS on the ECG, most frequently localized in the inferior (35.4%), followed by the anterior (21.6%) and lateral leads (11.1%). The presence of fQRS in any region was an independent predictor of mortality (HR 1.535, 95%CI 1.141-2.066), particularly in primary prevention patients (HR 1.927, 95%CI 1.206-3.079). Overall fQRS was not an independent predictor of AS. fQRS in the anterior leads was an independent predictor of mortality (HR 1.550, 95%CI 1.130-2.125), particularly in primary prevention patients (HR 2.625, 95%CI 1.575-4.377). Further, in primary prevention anterior fQRS showed a trend towards independent prediction of AS (p=0.059, HR 1.573, 95%CI 0.984-2.514). The presence of fQRS in the lateral leads was an independent predictor of mortality in primary prevention patients (HR 2.037, 95%CI 1.088-3.814), not in the overall study population. Presence of fQRS in the inferior leads did not show any significant results analyzing the complete follow-up. Conclusions: Presence of fQRS on the ECG before ICD implantation could be used as risk stratification tool identifying patients at increased risk of dying, particularly if present in the anterolateral leads and in patients with primary prevention ICD indications.
Natural History over 8 Years of Pulmonary Vascular Disease in a Patient Carrying Biallelic <i>EIF2AK4</i> Mutations
Authors: David Montani, Peter Dorfmüller, Barbara Girerd, Jérome Le Pavec, Elie Fadel, Gérald Simonneau, Olivier Sitbon, Marc Humbert
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2018)