tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of interleukin-1β inhibition with canakinumab on incident lung cancer in patients with atherosclerosis: exploratory results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Paul M Ridker, Jean G MacFadyen, Tom Thuren, Brendan M Everett, Peter Libby, Robert J Glynn, Paul Ridker, Alberto Lorenzatti, Henry Krum, John Varigos, Peter Siostrzonek, Peter Sinnaeve, Francisco Fonseca, Jose Nicolau, Nina Gotcheva, Jacques Genest, Huo Yong, Miguel Urina-Triana, Davor Milicic, Renata Cifkova, Riina Vettus, Wolfgang Koenig, Stephan D Anker, Athanasios J Manolis, Fernando Wyss, Tamas Forster, Axel Sigurdsson, Prem Pais, Alessandro Fucili, Hisao Ogawa, Hiroaki Shimokawa, Irina Veze, Birute Petrauskiene, Leon Salvador, John Kastelein, Jan Hein Cornel, Tor Ole Klemsdal, Felix Medina, Andrzej Budaj, Luminita Vida-Simiti, Zhanna Kobalava, Petar Otasevic, Daniel Pella, Mitja Lainscak, Ki-Bae Seung, Patrick Commerford, Mikael Dellborg, Marc Donath, Juey-Jen Hwang, Hakan Kultursay, Marcus Flather, Christie Ballantyne, Seth Bilazarian, William Chang, Cara East, Brendan Everett, Les Forgosh, Robert Glynn, Barry Harris, Peter Libby, Monica Ligueros, Tom Thuren, Erin Bohula, Bindu Charmarthi, Susan Cheng, Sherry Chou, Jacqueline Danik, Graham McMahon, Bradley Maron, MingMing Ning, Benjamin Olenchock, Reena Pande, Todd Perlstein, Aruna Pradhan, Natalia Rost, Aneesh Singhal, Viviany Taqueti, Nancy Wei, Howard Burris, Angela Cioffi, Anne Marie Dalseg, Nilanjan Ghosh, Julie Gralow, Tina Mayer, Hope Rugo, Vance Fowler, Ajit P Limaye, Sara Cosgrove, Donald Levine, Renato Lopes, John Scott, Tom Thuren, Monica Ligueros, Robert Hilkert, Georgia Tamesby, Carolyn Mickel, Brian Manning, Julian Woelcke, Monique Tan, Sheryl Manfreda, Tom Ponce, Jane Kam, Ravinder Saini, Kehur Banker, Thomas Salko, Panjat Nandy, Ronda Tawfik, Greg O'Neil, Shobha Manne, Pravin Jirvankar, Shankar Lal, Deepak Nema, Jaison Jose, Rory Collins, Kent Bailey, Roger Blumenthal, Helen Colhoun, Bernard Gersh, Robert J Glynn
Journal: The Lancet (2017)
Oral contraceptive use and the risk of ovarian cancer. The Centers for Disease Control Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study
Journal: JAMA (1983)

Since oral contraceptives have been used by more than 40 million American women, an association between oral contraceptives and ovarian cancer could have a substantial public health impact. The Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, is studying this relationship as part of a multicenter, case-control study--the Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study. During the first ten months of the study, we enrolled 179 women aged 20 to 54 years who had been ascertained to have newly diagnosed ovarian cancer by eight population-based cancer registries. From the general population of those eight areas, we selected as controls 1,642 women with intact ovaries. Users of oral contraceptives had an age-adjusted risk of ovarian cancer developing of 0.6 relative to those who had never used them (95% confidence interval, 0.4 to 0.9). The risk of ovarian cancer decreased with increasing duration of oral contraceptive use and remained low long after cessation of use. These results were not accounted for by parity, infertility, or other potentially confounding factors. We estimate that more than 1,700 cases of ovarian cancer are averted each year by past and current oral contraceptive use among women in the United States.
Erratum: Corrigendum: B cell–helper neutrophils stimulate the diversification and production of immunoglobulin in the marginal zone of the spleen
Authors: Irene Puga, Montserrat Cols, Carolina M Barra, Bing He, Linda Cassis, Maurizio Gentile, Laura Comerma, Alejo Chorny, Meimei Shan, Weifeng Xu, Giuliana Magri, Daniel M Knowles, Wayne Tam, April Chiu, James B Bussel, Sergi Serrano, José Antonio Lorente, Beatriz Bellosillo, Josep Lloreta, Nuria Juanpere, Francesc Alameda, Teresa Baró, Cristina Díaz de Heredia, Núria Torán, Albert Català, Montserrat Torrebadell, Claudia Fortuny, Victoria Cusí, Carmen Carreras, George A Diaz, J Magarian Blander, Claire-Michèle Farber, Guido Silvestri, Charlotte Cunningham-Rundles, Michaela Calvillo, Carlo Dufour, Lucia Dora Notarangelo, Vassilios Lougaris, Alessandro Plebani, Jean-Laurent Casanova, Stephanie C Ganal, Andreas Diefenbach, Juan Ignacio Aróstegui, Manel Juan, Jordi Yagüe, Nizar Mahlaoui, Jean Donadieu, Kang Chen, Andrea Cerutti
Journal: Nature Immunology (2014)
Phase variation of<i>Clostridium difficile</i>virulence factors
Authors: Brandon R. Anjuwon-Foster, Rita Tamayo
Journal: Gut Microbes (2017)

Clostridium difficile is a leading cause of nosocomial infections, causing disease that ranges from mild diarrhea to potentially fatal colitis. A variety of surface proteins, including flagella, enable C. difficile colonization of the intestine. Once in the intestine, toxigenic C. difficile secretes two glucosylating toxins, TcdA and TcdB, which elicit inflammation and diarrheal disease symptoms. Regulation of colonization factors and TcdA and TcdB is an intense area of research in C. difficile biology. A recent publication from our group describes a novel regulatory mechanism that mediates the ON/OFF expression of co-regulated virulence factors of C. difficile, flagella and toxins. Herein, we review key findings from our work, present new data, and speculate the functional consequence of the ON/OFF expression of these virulence factors during host infection.
老化促進モデルマウス8(SAMP8):心臓老化の新規マウスモデル【Powered by NICT】
Authors: Karuppagounder Vengadeshprabhu, Arumugam Somasundaram, Babu Sahana Suresh, S Palaniyandi Suresh, Watanabe Kenichi, P Cooke John, A Thandavarayan Rajarajan
Journal: Ageing Research Reviews (2017)
Self‐assembled liver organoids recapitulate hepatobiliary organogenesis in vitro
Authors: Dipen Vyas, Pedro M. Baptista, Matthew Brovold, Emma Moran, Brandon Gaston, Chris Booth, Michael Samuel, Anthony Atala, Shay Soker
Journal: Hepatology (2017)

Several three‐dimensional cell culture systems are currently available to create liver organoids. In gneral, these systems display better physiologic and metabolic aspects of intact liver tissue compared with two‐dimensional culture systems. However, none reliably mimic human liver development, including parallel formation of hepatocyte and cholangiocyte anatomical structures. Here, we show that human fetal liver progenitor cells self‐assembled inside acellular liver extracellular matrix scaffolds to form three‐dimensional liver organoids that recapitulated several aspects of hepatobiliary organogenesis and resulted in concomitant formation of progressively more differentiated hepatocytes and bile duct structures. The duct morphogenesis process was interrupted by inhibiting Notch signaling, in an attempt to create a liver developmental disease model with a similar phenotype to Alagille syndrome. Conclusion : In the current study, we created an in vitro model of human liver development and disease, physiology, and metabolism, supported by liver extracellular matrix substrata; we envision that it will be used in the future to study mechanisms of hepatic and biliary development and for disease modeling and drug screening. (H epatology 2018;67:750‐761).
Efficacy and Safety of Diacerein in Patients With Inadequately Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Claudia R.L. Cardoso, Nathalie C. Leite, Fernanda O. Carlos, Andréia A. Loureiro, Bianca B. Viegas, Gil F. Salles
Journal: Diabetes Care (2017)

OBJECTIVE To assess, in a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial, the efficacy and safety of diacerein, an immune modulator anti-inflammatory drug, in improving glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eighty-four patients with HbA1c between 7.5 and 9.5% (58–80 mmol/mol) were randomized to 48-week treatment with placebo (n = 41) or diacerein 100 mg/day (n = 43). The primary outcome was the difference in mean HbA1c changes during treatment. Secondary outcomes were other efficacy and safety measurements. A general linear regression with repeated measures, adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration, and each baseline value, was used to estimate differences in mean changes. Both intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis and per-protocol analysis (excluding 10 patients who interrupted treatment) were performed. RESULTS Diacerein reduced HbA1c compared with placebo by 0.35% (3.8 mmol/mol; P = 0.038) in the ITT analysis and by 0.41% (4.5 mmol/mol; P = 0.023) in the per-protocol analysis. The peak of effect occurred at the 24th week of treatment (−0.61% [6.7 mmol/mol; P = 0.014] and −0.78% [8.5 mmol/mol; P = 0.005], respectively), but it attenuated toward nonsignificant differences at the 48th week. No significant effect of diacerein was observed in other efficacy and safety measures. Diarrhea occurred in 65% of patients receiving diacerein and caused treatment interruption in 16%. Seven patients in the diacerein group reduced insulin dosage, whereas 10 in the placebo group increased it; however, mild hypoglycemic events were equally observed. CONCLUSIONS Diacerein reduced mean HbA1c levels, with peak of effect at the 24th week of treatment. The drug was well tolerated and may be indicated as adjunct treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes, particularly in those with osteoarthritis.
Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years — Los Angeles County, 1999–2006 and 2007–2014
Authors: Craig M. Hales, Margaret D. Carroll, Paul A. Simon, Tony Kuo, Cynthia L. Ogden
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

Hypertension is an important and common risk factor for heart disease and stroke, two of the leading causes of death in adults in the United States. Despite considerable improvement in increasing the awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension, undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension remain public health challenges (1). Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used to estimate the prevalence of hypertension, as well as awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension among adults aged ≥18 years in Los Angeles County compared with adults aged ≥18 years in the United States during 1999-2006 and 2007-2014. During 2007-2014, the prevalence of hypertension was 23.1% among adults in Los Angeles County, lower than the prevalence of 29.6% among all U.S. adults. Among adults with hypertension in Los Angeles County, substantial improvements from 1999-2006 to 2007-2014 were found in hypertension awareness (increase from 73.8% to 84.6%), treatment (61.3% to 77.2%), and control (28.5% to 48.3%). Similar improvements were also seen among all U.S. adults. Although the prevalence of hypertension among adults in Los Angeles County meets the Healthy People 2020 (https://www.healthypeople.gov/) goal of ≤26.9%, continued progress is needed to meet the Healthy People 2020 goal of ≥61.2% for control of hypertension.
Oral delivery of Escherichia coli persistently infected with M2e-displaying bacteriophages partially protects against influenza A virus
Authors: Lei Deng, Kenny Roose, Emma R. Job, Riet De Rycke, Evelien Van Hamme, Amanda Gonçalves, Eef Parthoens, Laetitia Cicchelero, Niek Sanders, Walter Fiers, Xavier Saelens
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2017)
Experimental Roentgen Injury. V. Effects on Hematopoietic Reserves and Regenerative Capacity
Authors: Paul S. Henshaw, Jean W. Thompson, Henry L. Meyer
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1945)

Journal Article Experimental Roentgen Injury. V. Effects on Hematopoietic Reserves and Regenerative Capacity Get access Paul S. Henshaw, Paul S. Henshaw senior radiobiologist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jean W. Thompson, Jean W. Thompson laboratory technician National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Henry L. Meyer Henry L. Meyer laboratory technician National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 5, Issue 4, February 1945, Pages 233–247, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/5.4.233 Published: 01 February 1945
Lay worker-administered behavioral treatments for psychological distress in resource-limited settings: Time to move from evidence to practice?
Authors: Alexander C. Tsai
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2017)

Exposure to nonlethal violence is, apart from its resulting physical injury or other adverse health sequelae, one of the most consistently estimated causal risk factors for psychological distress, mental and substance use disorders, suicidal behaviors, and completed suicide [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].Throughout sub-Saharan Africa, a strong gendered patterning in these exposures has been observed, and the rates of intimate partner and nonpartner violence against women in this region are among the highest in the world [8][9][10][11].Even were health systems in sub-Saharan Africa equipped, contrary to fact [12,13], to handle the additional burden of mental health service delivery for affected populations, most survivors of violence never seek or obtain proper treatment [8].In many settings, care-seeking behaviors are severely compromised by stigma, gender-inequitable norms, and inadequate legal protections [14].Further, screening of asymptomatic women has not been shown to be a useful approach for improving health outcomes [15,16].In the face of these significant structural challenges, considerable progress has been made in the past 2 decades on the development, implementation, and evaluation of behavioral interventions in resource-limited settings.Recently published studies have convincingly demonstrated that lay health workers can be trained and supervised to deliver low-intensity behavioral interventions ("task shifting") of adequate dose and timing to improve health outcomes in a variety of vulnerable populations, including pregnant women [17][18][19][20][21]; adults with common mental disorders [22][23][24][25], schizophrenia [26], and alcohol use disorders [27]; and survivors of torture and other forms of interpersonal violence [28][29][30].Thus, task shifting should be viewed as a valid and effective approach for expanding access to evidence-based psychological interventions in settings where underfunded mental health systems lack the capacity to address unmet population mental health needs.It is in this context that we celebrate the publication, in this issue of PLOS Medicine, of the findings from a randomized controlled trial by Bryant and colleagues [31] designed to estimate the efficacy of a brief, manualized, lay worker-administered, behavioral intervention ("Problem Management Plus," or PM+) on reducing psychological distress among women survivors of interpersonal violence living in periurban settlements near Nairobi, Kenya.Of note, the PM+ intervention tested in this study-and in a companion study conducted in Pakistan, the findings of which were recently published by Rahman and colleagues [32]-is of lower
鉄ナノメディシンはToll様受容体活性化,サイトカイン産生および補体活性化を誘導する【Powered by NICT】
Authors: J F Verhoef Johan, de Groot A. Marit, van Moorsel Marc, Ritsema Jeffrey, Beztsinna Nataliia, Maas Coen, Schellekens Huub
Journal: Biomaterials (2017)
Mesenchymal stem cells as natural biofactories for exosomes carrying miR-124a in the treatment of gliomas
Authors: Frederick M Lang, Anwar Hossain, Joy Gumin, Eric N Momin, Yuzaburo Shimizu, Dan Ledbetter, Tal Shahar, Shinji Yamashita, Brittany Parker Kerrigan, Juan Fueyo, Raymond Sawaya, Frederick F Lang
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

MicroRNAs (miRs) are promising new therapeutics for glioblastoma. However, which miRs are most effective against glioblastomas and how these miRs should be delivered are major unanswered problems. To identify potent antiglioma miRs, we selected 8 miRs based on a literature search and screened them against a panel of glioma stem cell (GSC) lines, representing all of the glioblastoma subtypes defined by The Cancer Genome Atlas. To address delivery, we tested the hypothesis that ex vivo cultured bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can package miRs into exosomes and that these engineered exosomes can systemically deliver antiglioma miRs to glioblastomas. Of the screened miRs, we identified miR-124a as the most effective antiglioma agent against GSCs. We then transduced MSCs with lentivirus vectors containing miR-124a and isolated vesicles from the medium. Electron microscopy, western blotting, and Nanosight proved that the isolated vesicles were exosomes. Quantitative PCR documented that these exosomes contained high levels of miR-124a, which was not present in control exosomes. In vitro treatment of GSCs with exosomes containing miR-124a (Exo-miR124) resulted in a significant reduction in viability and clonogenicity of GSCs compared with controls. In vivo treatment of mice harboring intracranial GSC267 with systemically delivered Exo-miR124 resulted in 50% of animals living long term. No evidence of tumor was present on histological analysis of the survivors. Mechanistic studies showed that miR-124a acts by silencing Forkhead box (FOX)A2, resulting in aberrant intracellular lipid accumulation. MSCs can be used as natural biofactories to produce Exo-miR124, which is an effective antiglioma agent worthy of further clinical evaluation.
A Phase 1 Trial of MEC (Mitoxantrone, Etoposide, Cytarabine) in Combination with Ixazomib (MLN9708) for Relapsed/ Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Authors: Anjali S. Advani, Brenda Cooper, Paul Elson, Sudipto Mukherjee, Jaime Fensterl, Aaron T. Gerds, Paolo F. Caimi, Ben K. Tomlinson, Ehsan Malek, Jane A. Little, Mary Lynn Rush, Samjhana Bogati, Eric Parsons, Donna Kane, Hetty E. Carraway, Aziz Nazha, Betty K. Hamilton, Ronald Sobecks, Barbara Bevier, Christopher Goebel, Cassie Zimmerman, Alek d Nielsen, Cassandra M. Hirsch, Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski, Matt Kalaycio, Marcos deLima, James Jacobberger, Philip Woost, Mikkael A. Sekeres
Journal: Blood (2016)
Statistics Notes: What is a percentage difference?
Authors: Tim J Cole, Douglas G Altman
Journal: BMJ (2017)

We use percentages to express differences as a fraction of the whole. Suppose we want to know the percentage difference in mean height of British adults aged 20 years, 177.3 cm for men and 163.6 cm for women, a difference of 13.7 cm.1 Women are 100×(13.7/177.3)=7.7% shorter than men, whereas men are 100×(13.7/163.6)=8.4% taller than women. There are two percentage differences, depending on which sex is used as the divisor—this can be confusing. The same problem does not arise with the absolute difference—women are 13.7 cm shorter than men, and men are 13.7 cm taller than women.

Often one of the two numbers to be compared is obviously …
Efficacy and Safety of One Year of Evolocumab in Japanese Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk on Statin Therapy: A Pooled Analysis
Authors: Hirayama Atsushi, Kiyosue Arihiro, Yoshida Masayuki, Yamashita Shizuya, Inomata Hyoe, Christopher Kurtz, Narimon Honarpour, M. Wasserman Scott, Teramoto Tamio
Journal: Circulation (2016)
11C-Methionine-Avid Plasmablastic Lymphoma
Authors: Salvatore Annunziata, Annarosa Cuccaro, Carmelo Caldarella, Lucia Leccisotti, Stefan Hohaus
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2017)

A 73-year-old woman had a diagnosis of a plasmablastic lymphoma by the excision of the right parotid gland. Two years after the diagnosis, the patient underwent a whole-body C-methionine PET/CT in order to evaluate the amino acid avidity of a scalp metastasis and for plasmablastic lymphoma restaging. C-methionine uptake was detected in the scalp, in several bone sites, and in the cricoid cartilage. Plasmablastic lymphoma is a subtype of B-cell lymphoma with an aggressive behavior and a poor prognosis. C-methionine appears to be a promising tracer for paraprotein-producing neoplasms.
Green tea and its potential interaction with alcohol drinking, tobacco smoking and gene polymorphism on the risk of three upper-GI cancers in a Chinese population
Authors: L Mu, S Yu, W Cao, You N-C., Z Zhang, X Zhou, B Ding, Z Chen
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

453  Objectives. The purpose of this study was to examine the roles of green tea drinking, and their possible joint effects with alcohol drinking and tobacco smoking and polymorphism of susceptibility genes on the risk of three Upper-GI cancers. Methods. A population-based case-control study was conducted in Taixing, China, including 206, 204, 218 newly diagnosed cases with stomach cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and 415 shared healthy control subjects. Epidemiological data were collected by in-person interview using a standard questionnaire. Polymorphisms of susceptibility genes (include GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1, P53 codon 72) were assayed by PCR-RFLP techniques. A multigenetic index was created by summing up the number of risk genotypes. The data were analyzed using the logistic regression model. Results. A reverse association between green tea drinking and risk of stomach cancer was observed with an adjusted OR of 0.59 (95% CI: 0.34-1.01). Dose-response relationship was observed (P trends
Molecular cancer targeting and diagnostics using plasmonic gold nanoparticles
Authors: Xiaohua Huang, Ivan El-Sayed, Mostafa El-Sayed, Po Chen, Adegboyega Oyelere
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

A22  With the tremendous advances of nanotechnology in the past decade, a variety of nanostructures have emerged with novel properties that are suitable for biological and biomedical applications, most notable amongst these being metallic nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles exhibit strongly enhanced optical properties due to the surface plasmon resonance rendering them ideal in cancer diagnostics and therapy. In the present work, molecular diagnostics of cancer is studied using surface plasmon resonance light scattering imaging and surface enhanced Raman spectra of adsorbed species. Gold nanorods are chemically functionalized with two molecular cancer probes: RGD peptide for the targeting of integrin and folate for the targeting of the folate receptors. The cancer probe functionalized gold nanorods suspended in the cell growth medium are incubated with one normal cell line (HaCat, human keratinocyte) and one cancer cell line (HSC3, human oral squamous cell carcinoma). The nanoparticle location is tracked by dark field light scattering imaging. The results show that the nanoparticle functionalized with RGD peptide are accumulated at the cytoplasm membrane within 30 mins and followed by accumulation of more nanoparticles on the membrane with increasing time, and obvious accumulation inside cytoplasm after 2h. The normal and cancer cells show difference of the nanoparticle location indicating the integrin difference between the cancer and normal cells. The nanoparticles functionalized with folate molecules are only accumulated on the cancer cells within 2h indicating the overexpression of folate receptor on the cancer cells. The surface enhanced Raman spectra of both normal and cancer cells treated with the two types of probe-functionalized gold nanorods are followed at different time. It is found that Raman bands are different between the two cells lines and different at different time for the same cell line, indicating the difference of the cancer markers and the difference of the path of the molecular probes to the normal and cancer cells.
Kaposi's Sarcoma in Homosexual Men
Authors: Ziegler, John L.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1982)

Journal Article Kaposi's Sarcoma in Homosexual Men Get access John L. Ziegler, M.D. John L. Ziegler, M.D. Associate Chief of Staff Education Veterans Administration Medical CenterSan Francisco, California 94121 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 68, Issue 2, February 1982, Pages 337–338, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/68.2.337 Published: 01 February 1982