tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Education of residents in palliative and hospice care.
Authors: Ela Eris, Shyam Ravisankar, Jennifer A Larosa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

118 Background: Patients with chronic advanced illness have a heavy burden of physical and emotional symptoms. In addition to these symptoms, social and spiritual supports are fundamental tenets of palliative care (PC). PC is most effective when delivered early and when routine reassessments are undertaken. Ideally, it is woven into the daily practice of all practitioners. However, current medical education has far too little education around this vital discipline in their curricula. We hypothesized that a single palliative medicine didactic experience would increase practitioners’ familiarity with core concepts of PC. Methods: Palliative care education was delivered as a single interactive lecture for 27 Internal Medicine residents. Information was primarily derived from resources from the Center to Advance Palliative Care (CAPC). The lecture focused on the definition of PC, optimal symptom management and support structures in palliative medicine, and how palliative medicine differs from hospice care (HC). An online questionnaire with ten questions was used to assess pre- and post-lecture knowledge of fundamentals of this discipline. Results: 27 residents participated in the pre-test and 23 participated in post-test. The overall pre-test score was 70% and the post-lecture score was 77%. The biggest difference was seen in the comfort level of first year residents in referring patients to PC and the purpose of PC. Residents had good baseline knowledge of when to refer to HC and the purpose of HC. Conclusions: A single, interactive lecture based on the fundamental tenets of hospice and palliative medicine can improve residents’ knowledge of this discipline. [Table: see text]
Asymptomatic Multiple Myeloma - Background of Progression, Evolution, and Prognosis
Authors: Anja Seckinger, Anna Jauch, Martina Emde, Susanne Beck, Marcel Mohr, Martin Granzow, Thomas Hielscher, Thierry Rème, Reinhard Schnettler, Nassim Fard, Katrin Hinderhofer, Paul Theodor Pyl, Wolfgang Huber, Vladimir Benes, Anna Marciniak-Czochra, Véronique Pantesco, Anthony D. Ho, Bernard Klein, Jens Hillengass, Dirk Hose
Journal: Blood (2016)
Abstract 14752: Among Patients With Heart Failure, Cannabis Use is Associated With Reduced Occurrence of Atrial Fibrillation and In-hospital Mortality; Evidence From the Nationwide Survey 2007-2014
Authors: Oluwole Adegbala, Akintunde Akinjero, Adeyinka Adejumo, Samson Alliu, Emmanuel Akintoye, Eseosa Edo-Osagie, Tomi Akinyemiju
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background:  One of the intrinsic compensatory mechanisms in heart failure is sympathetic system activation. Hyperadrenergic states are known to increase the risk of atrial fibrillation. Cannabis has been shown to cause an hyperadrenergic state. The effect of cannabis on the occurrence and outcome of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure is largely unknown. Therefore, we sought to investigate this association.   Method:  We used data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) of all patients older than 18 years admitted with the primary diagnosis of heart failure between 2007 - 2014. The main outcome variable was the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, and the main exposure variable was cannabis use. We performed 1:5 matched - cohort to create 2 case-control groups, the first group was for cannabis dependent users (DU) (cases) vs non-cannabis users (NCU) (controls) and the second group was for cannabis non-dependent users (NDU) (cases) vs NCU (controls). We then used the survey logistics procedure to estimate the odds of atrial fibrillation diagnosis among cannabis users, adjusting for comorbidities.   Results:  Among 6,065,000 heart failure hospitalization, there were 1,213 (0.02%) DU and 23,737 (0.40%) NDU. When compared to NCU, we observed significantly reduced odds of atrial fibrillation among cannabis users (DU Odd Ratio (OR): 0.69, Confidence Interval (CI): [0.53 - 0.89] vs NDU OR: 0.82. CI: [0.77- 0.87]) after adjusting for comorbidities. We also demonstrated reduced odds of in-hospital mortality (DU OR: 0.42, CI: [0.22 - 0.88] vs NDU OR: 0.54, CI: [0.47- 0.63]) and reduced length of stay (DU OR: 0.04, CI: [-0.15 - 0.06]) vs NDU OR: 0.20, CI: [-0.23 - ( -0.17)] among cannabis users admitted for heart failure compared to NCU.   Conclusions:  Our study showed that cannabis use lowered the odds of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure. There was also reduced in-hospital mortality among patients admitted for the primary diagnosis of heart failure in DU and NDU which was not explained by comorbid conditions and demographic data. This study provides important opportunity to explore the preventive mechanism of cannabis on atrial fibrillation and its therapeutic potential in heart failure patients.
Methylation-associated silencing of <i>miR-193a-3p</i> promotes ovarian cancer aggressiveness by targeting GRB7 and MAPK/ERK pathways
Authors: Kangmei Chen, Michelle Xin Liu, Celia Sze-Ling Mak, Mingo Ming-Ho Yung, Thomas Ho-Yin Leung, Dakang Xu, Siew-Fei Ngu, Karen Kar-Loen Chan, Huijuan Yang, Hextan Yuen-Sheung Ngan, David Wai Chan
Journal: Theranostics (2017)

Human growth factor receptor-bound protein-7 (GRB7) is a pivotal mediator involved in receptor tyrosine kinase signaling and governing diverse cellular processes. Aberrant upregulation of GRB7 is frequently associated with the progression of human cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to the upregulation of GRB7 remain largely unknown. Here, we propose that the epigenetic modification of GRB7 at the post-transcriptional level may be a crucial factor leading to GRB7 upregulation in ovarian cancers. Methods: The upstream miRNA regulators were predicted by in silico analysis. Expression of GRB7 was examined by qPCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analyses, while miR-193a-3p levels were evaluated by qPCR and in situ hybridization in ovarian cancer cell lines and clinical tissue arrays. MS-PCR and pyrosequencing analyses were used to assess the methylation status of miR-193a-3p. Stable overexpression or gene knockdown and Tet-on inducible approaches, in combination with in vitro and in vivo tumorigenic assays, were employed to investigate the functions of GRB7 and miR-193a-3p in ovarian cancer cells. Results: Both miR-193a-3p and its isoform, miR-193b-3p, directly targeted the 3' UTR of GRB7. However, only miR-193a-3p showed a significantly inverse correlation with GRB7-upregulated ovarian cancers. Epigenetic studies revealed that methylation-mediated silencing of miR-193a-3p led to a stepwise decrease in miR-193a-3p expression from low to high-grade ovarian cancers. Intriguingly, miR-193a-3p not only modulated GRB7 but also ERBB4, SOS2 and KRAS in the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway to enhance the oncogenic properties of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: These findings suggest that epigenetic silencing of miR-193a-3p by DNA hypermethylation is a dynamic process in ovarian cancer progression, and miR-193a-3p may be explored as a promising miRNA replacement therapy in this disease.
Abstract 19978: Circulating Microrna-145, Microrna-3619 and Microrna-486 Are Associated With In-stent Restenosis
Authors: Seok Cheol Lee, In Sook Kang, Jihwa Chung, Kiwhan Kwon
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction:  MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression in many disease settings including cardiovascular disease. miRNAs are critically involved in many biological processes in neointimal hyperplasia after coronary artery stenting. Recently, many studies have shown that miRNAs can be detected in circulating blood.   Hypothesis:  The hypothesis of this study is miRNAs can be used as novel biomarkers for in-stent restenosis (ISR).   Methods:  Coronary artery disease patients (n=80), who received 9 months angiographic follow-up after first PCI with drug-eluting stent implantation were analyzed. There are no significant differences of risk factors and demographic characteristics between ISR group (n=35) and non-ISR group (n=45). MicroRNA Microarray using affymetrix miRNA4.0 Array and Agilent miRNA Microarray were performed with pooled samples of baseline and 9 month follow-up plasma samples in both group.   Results:  Microarray data showed significant differences (fold change >1.5) in the expression levels of miR-3157, miR-3619, miR-17-5p, let7b and miR-486 between ISR and non-ISR group. These miRNAs and other previously reported microRNAs including miR-143, miR-145, miR-92a, miR-222 and miR-34a were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in baseline and follow-up plasma samples of individual patient. The expression levels of miR-145 (p   Conclusions:  miR-145, miR-3619 and miR-486 can be used as potential molecular markers and therapeutic targets for ISR.
Structural priming can inform syntactic analyses of partially grammaticalized constructions
Authors: Elaine J Francis
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Branigan & Pickering (B&P) argue successfully that structural priming provides valuable information for developing psychologically plausible syntactic and semantic theories. I discuss how their approach can be used to help determine whether partially grammaticalized constructions that have undergone semantic change also have undergone syntactic reanalysis. I then consider cases in which evidence from priming cannot distinguish between competing syntactic analyses.
Reduced-Intensity Delayed Intensification in Standard-Risk Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Defined by Undetectable Minimal Residual Disease: Results of an International Randomized Trial (AIEOP-BFM ALL 2000)
Authors: Martin Schrappe, Kirsten Bleckmann, Martin Zimmermann, Andrea Biondi, Anja Möricke, Franco Locatelli, Gunnar Cario, Carmelo Rizzari, Andishe Attarbaschi, Maria Grazia Valsecchi, Claus R. Bartram, Elena Barisone, Felix Niggli, Charlotte Niemeyer, Anna Maria Testi, Georg Mann, Ottavio Ziino, Beat Schäfer, Renate Panzer-Grümayer, Rita Beier, Rosanna Parasole, Gudrun Göhring, Wolf-Dieter Ludwig, Fiorina Casale, Paul-Gerhardt Schlegel, Giuseppe Basso, Valentino Conter
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

Purpose Delayed intensification (DI) is an integral part of treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but it is associated with relevant toxicity. Therefore, standard-risk patients of trial AIEOP-BFM ALL 2000 (Combination Chemotherapy Based on Risk of Relapse in Treating Young Patients With ALL) were investigated with the specific aim to reduce treatment intensity. Patients and Methods Between July 2000 and July 2006, 1,164 patients (1 to 17 years of age) with standard-risk ALL (defined as the absence of high-risk cytogenetics and undetectable minimal residual disease on days 33 and 78) were randomly assigned to either experimental reduced-intensity DI (protocol III; P-III) or standard DI (protocol II; P-II). Cumulative drug doses of P-III were reduced by 30% for dexamethasone and 50% for vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide, which shortened the treatment duration from 49 to 29 days. The study aimed at noninferiority of reduced-intensity P-III; analyses were performed according to treatment given. Results For P-III and P-II, respectively, the 8-year rate of disease-free survival (± SE) was 89.2 ± 1.3% and 92.3 ± 1.2% ( P = .04); cumulative incidence of relapse, 8.7 ± 1.2% and 6.4 ± 1.1% ( P = .09); and overall survival, 96.1 ± 0.8% and 98.0 ± 0.6% ( P = .06). Patients with ETV6-RUNX1-positive ALL and patients 1 to 6 years of age performed equally well in both arms. The incidence of death during remission was comparable, which indicates equivalent toxicity. The 8-year cumulative incidence rate of secondary malignancies was 1.3 ± 0.5% and 0.6 ± 0.4% for P-III and P-II, respectively ( P = .37). Conclusion Although the criteria used for the standard-risk definition in this trial identified patients with exceptionally good prognosis, reduction of chemotherapy was not successful mainly because of an increased rate of relapse. The data suggest that treatment reduction is feasible in specific subgroups, which underlines the biologic heterogeneity of this cohort selected according to treatment response.
P2.06-007 Demographic Characteristics of Lung Cancer and Association with Wood Smoke in Mexican Population
Authors: J. Rodriguez-Cid, V. Imaz-Olguín, D. Bonilla-Molina, J.A. Alatorre Alexander, L. Martínez-Barreda, G. Martos-Ramírez, D. Gree-Renner, R. Gerson-Cwilich
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Regional ambient temperature is associated with human personality
Authors: Wenqi Wei, Jackson G. Lu, Adam D. Galinsky, Han Wu, Samuel D. Gosling, Peter J. Rentfrow, Wenjie Yuan, Qi Zhang, Yongyu Guo, Ming Zhang, Wenjing Gui, Xiao-Yi Guo, Jeff Potter, Jian Wang, Bingtan Li, Xiaojie Li, Yang-Mei Han, Meizhen Lv, Xiang-Qing Guo, Yera Choe, Weipeng Lin, Kun Yu, Qiyu Bai, Zhe Shang, Ying Han, Lei Wang
Journal: Nature Human Behaviour (2017)
A phase 1 study of romidepsin and pralatrexate reveals marked activity in relapsed and refractory T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Jennifer E. Amengual, Renee Lichtenstein, Jennifer Lue, Ahmed Sawas, Changchun Deng, Emily Lichtenstein, Karen Khan, Laine Atkins, Aishling Rada, Hye A. Kim, Codruta Chiuzan, Matko Kalac, Enrica Marchi, Lorenzo Falchi, Mark A. Francescone, Lawrence Schwartz, Serge Cremers, Owen A. O’Connor
Journal: Blood (2017)
Effect of an Intervention to Promote Breastfeeding on Asthma, Lung Function, and Atopic Eczema at Age 16 Years
Authors: Carsten Flohr, A. John Henderson, Michael S. Kramer, Rita Patel, Jennifer Thompson, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Seungmi Yang, Konstantin Vilchuck, Natalia Bogdanovich, Mikhail Hameza, Richard M. Martin, Emily Oken
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2017)

Atopic diseases, including asthma and atopic eczema, are the most common chronic conditions of childhood.To investigate whether an intervention to promote prolonged and exclusive breastfeeding protects against asthma, atopic eczema, and low lung function in adolescence.Follow-up of the Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT), a cluster randomized trial in 30 Belarusian maternity hospitals and affiliated polyclinics; recruitment of 17 046 healthy term infants took place from June 15, 1996, to December 31, 1997. Data analysis was conducted from May 9, 2016, to April 21, 2017. The primary analytic approach was by modified intention-to-treat analysis.Randomization to receive a breastfeeding promotion intervention vs usual care.Spirometry and flexural eczema on standardized skin examination by study pediatricians were the primary outcomes; secondary outcomes were self-reported asthma diagnosis ever, and wheezing and flexural eczema symptoms in the previous year.A total of 13 557 (79.5%) participants were followed up from September 15, 2012 to July 15, 2015. The intervention (7064 [79.7%]) and control (6493 [79.4%]) groups were similar at follow-up (3590 [50.8%] and 3391 [52.2%] male; mean [SD] age, 16.2 [0.6] and 16.1 [0.5] years, respectively). In the intervention group, 0.3% (21 of 7064) had flexural eczema on skin examination and mean (SD) forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio z score was -0.10 (1.82), compared with 0.7% (43 of 6493) and 0.35 (1.34), respectively, in the control group. In modified intention-to-treat analysis, accounting for clustering by polyclinic, a 54% lower risk of flexural eczema on skin examination was observed in the intervention compared with the control group (odds ratio [OR], 0.46; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.86). Self-reported flexural eczema symptoms in the past year (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.27 to 1.18), asthma (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1.23), and wheezing in the past year (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.37 to 1.18) were less frequently reported in the intervention compared with the control group, but 95% CIs were wide and included the null. There was no significant difference in the FEV1/FVC ratio z score (β -0.15; 95% CI, -0.76 to 0.45). All results were similar with additional adjustment for baseline characteristics, on instrumental variable analysis, and with multiple imputation among all 17 046 randomized participants.A breastfeeding promotion intervention reduced flexural dermatitis risk but had no detectable effect on lung function or questionnaire-derived measures of atopic eczema or asthma in adolescence in a setting where atopic eczema and allergies are rare.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01561612.
Classifying Colorectal Cancer by Tumor Location Rather than Sidedness Highlights a Continuum in Mutation Profiles and Consensus Molecular Subtypes
Authors: Jonathan M. Loree, Allan A.L. Pereira, Michael Lam, Alexandra N. Willauer, Kanwal Raghav, Arvind Dasari, Van. K Morris, Shailesh Advani, David G. Menter, Cathy Eng, Kenna Shaw, Russell Broaddus, Mark J. Routbort, Yusha Liu, Jeffrey S. Morris, Rajyalakshmi Luthra, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Michael J. Overman, Dipen Maru, Scott Kopetz
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Purpose: Colorectal cancers are classified as right/left-sided based on whether they occur before/after the splenic flexure, with established differences in molecular subtypes and outcomes. However, it is unclear if this division is optimal and whether precise tumor location provides further information. Experimental Design: In 1,876 patients with colorectal cancer, we compared mutation prevalence and overall survival (OS) according to side and location. Consensus molecular subtype (CMS) was compared in a separate cohort of 608 patients. Results: Mutation prevalence differed by side and location for TP53, KRAS, BRAFV600, PIK3CA, SMAD4, CTNNB1, GNAS, and PTEN. Within left- and right-sided tumors, there remained substantial variations in mutation rates. For example, within right-sided tumors, RAS mutations decreased from 70% for cecal, to 43% for hepatic flexure location (P = 0.0001), while BRAFV600 mutations increased from 10% to 22% between the same locations (P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Within left-sided tumors, the sigmoid and rectal region had more TP53 mutations (P = 0.027), less PIK3CA (P = 0.0009), BRAF (P = 0.0033), or CTNNB1 mutations (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), and less MSI (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) than other left-sided locations. Despite this, a left/right division preceding the transverse colon maximized prognostic differences by side and transverse colon tumors had K-modes mutation clustering that appeared more left than right sided. CMS profiles showed a decline in CMS1 and CMS3 and rise in CMS2 prevalence moving distally. Conclusions: Current right/left classifications may not fully recapitulate regional variations in tumor biology. Specifically, the sigmoid-rectal region appears unique and the transverse colon is distinct from other right-sided locations. Clin Cancer Res; 24(5); 1062–72. ©2017 AACR. See related commentary by Dienstmann, p. 989
Abstract 14196: Are Excessive Forces Needed to Reach Targeted Compression Depth for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation?
Authors: Chenguang Liu
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction:  The thoracic stiffness of patients receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) varies due to gender, age and other factors. This study investigates the variance of thoracic stiffness by analyzing the compression force versus depth in adult patients receiving manual CPR. The wide range of force needed to achieve a target depth and the value of avoiding excessive compression force are discussed.   Methods:  Data from 697 adult patients with out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest were acquired between 2006 and 2012. Manual CPR was applied and the chest compression force/depth was recorded by Philips MRx defibrillators with Q-CPR meters. For each of the 85,351 extracted segments (6 seconds long) with chest compressions, the compression depth (CD) and the peak compression force (CF) were obtained. Univariate linear regression was performed between CD and CF for the whole population and the coefficient of determination ( R  2 ) was calculated. The distributions of CF at certain CDs were examined.   Results:  CD was 47 ± 11 mm (mean ± standard deviation); CF was 382 ± 167 N. The  R  2  between CD and CF was 0.07. The distributions of CF in different ranges of CD are shown in the Figure. Large variance of required force was found in different ranges of CD including the ideal range (50-60 mm, Figure B). When the CD was in the ideal range, force extrema were found >1000 N for 1.1% of the segments and >800 N for 3.6% of the segments.   Conclusions:  A large variance of thoracic stiffness has been shown by the range of compression force required to reach a certain compression depth. It is unreliable to predict CD from CF or vice versa due to the low correlation. CPR cannot be guided simply by CF due to the range of chest stiffness in patients. An alert for responders on excessive CF may avoid bone fracture or abdominal injuries, although the relationship between CF and injury remains to be shown.
An Overlooked Paleotetraploidization in Cucurbitaceae
Authors: Jinpeng Wang, Pengchuan Sun, Yuxian Li, Yinzhe Liu, Nanshan Yang, Jigao Yu, Xuelian Ma, Sangrong Sun, Ruiyan Xia, Xiaojian Liu, Dongcen Ge, Sainan Luo, Yinmeng Liu, Youting Kong, Xiaobo Cui, Tianyu Lei, Li Wang, Zhenyi Wang, Weina Ge, Lan Zhang, Xiaoming Song, Min Yuan, Di Guo, Dianchuan Jin, Wei Chen, Yuxin Pan, Tao Liu, Guixian Yang, Yue Xiao, Jinshuai Sun, Cong Zhang, Zhibo Li, Haiqing Xu, Xueqian Duan, Shaoqi Shen, Zhonghua Zhang, Sanwen Huang, Xiyin Wang
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2017)

Cucurbitaceae plants are of considerable biological and economic importance, and genomes of cucumber, watermelon, and melon have been sequenced. However, a comparative genomics exploration of their genome structures and evolution has not been available. Here, we aimed at performing a hierarchical inference of genomic homology resulted from recursive paleopolyploidizations. Unexpectedly, we found that, shortly after a core-eudicot-common hexaploidy, a cucurbit-common tetraploidization (CCT) occurred, overlooked by previous reports. Moreover, we characterized gene loss (and retention) after these respective events, which were significantly unbalanced between inferred subgenomes, and between plants after their split. The inference of a dominant subgenome and a sensitive one suggested an allotetraploid nature of the CCT. Besides, we found divergent evolutionary rates among cucurbits, and after doing rate correction, we dated the CCT to be 90–102 Ma, likely common to all Cucurbitaceae plants, showing its important role in the establishment of the plant family.
Guideline: Recommendations for THA or TKA perioperative antirheumatic drugs in patients with rheumatic diseases
Authors: Ami Schattner
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2017)

Source Citation Goodman SM, Springer B, Guyatt G, et al. 2017 American College of Rheumatology/American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons guideline for the perioperative management of antirheumatic medication in patients with rheumatic diseases undergoing elective total hip or total knee arthroplasty. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69:1538-51. 28620948
Air pollution, diet, and obesity pose growing threats to health in India, analysis finds
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Non-communicable diseases now account for six in every 10 deaths in India, with air pollution, diet, and obesity posing growing threats to health, an analysis has found.1

Nearly one in five (18%) of the world’s population lives in India, but until now there has been limited information on the disease burden and risk factors in different states. The first comprehensive analysis of health across all 29 states has revealed major inequalities.

The new study estimated the incidence, prevalence, deaths, and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with 333 disease conditions and 84 risk factors. It uses all available data for each state of India from 1990 to 2016 as part of the Global Burden Disease Study …