tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
CRISPR Correction of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Yi-Li Min, Rhonda Bassel-Duby, Eric N. Olson
Journal: Annual Review of Medicine (2018)

The ability to efficiently modify the genome using CRISPR technology has rapidly revolutionized biology and genetics and will soon transform medicine. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) represents one of the first monogenic disorders that has been investigated with respect to CRISPR-mediated correction of causal genetic mutations. DMD results from mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin, a scaffolding protein that maintains the integrity of striated muscles. Thousands of different dystrophin mutations have been identified in DMD patients, who suffer from a loss of ambulation followed by respiratory insufficiency, heart failure, and death by the third decade of life. Using CRISPR to bypass DMD mutations, dystrophin expression has been efficiently restored in human cells and mouse models of DMD. Here, we review recent progress toward the development of possible CRISPR therapies for DMD and highlight opportunities and potential obstacles in attaining this goal.
Grandmaternal Diethylstilbesterol and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children
Authors: Javier Costas
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Electrical spinal cord stimulation must preserve proprioception to enable locomotion in humans with spinal cord injury
Authors: Emanuele Formento, Karen Minassian, Fabien Wagner, Jean Baptiste Mignardot, Camille G. Le Goff-Mignardot, Andreas Rowald, Jocelyne Bloch, Silvestro Micera, Marco Capogrosso, Gregoire Courtine
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2018)
Abstract P4-15-02: Investigating the use estrogen receptor β agonists in the prevention of breast cancer using a transgenic mouse model
Authors: C Samayoa, NK Krishnegowda, RK Vadlamudi, RR Tekmal
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. In the United States, 1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer during her lifetime, and in 2016 over 240,000 new cases will be diagnosed. Incidence rates differ by geographic location, with women living in Asia having the lowest rates. However, after migrating to the U.S and adopting a western diet their rates increase. This highlights the importance of lifestyle, including diet, in modulating breast cancer risk. Soy has been previously implicated as the dietary component contributing to the reduced breast cancer rates in Asian women. Compounds that can selectively activate Estrogen Receptor β have been identified in plants, including soy. Given the tumor-suppressive properties of ERβ, it may be possible to use these agonists in the chemoprevention of breast cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate the utility of using ERβ agonists in the prevention of breast cancer using a transgenic mouse model. MMTV-HER2/neu mice develop premalignant lesions at 4-5 months, and tumors starting at month 7 due to overexpression of the Her2/neu proto-oncogene. MMTV-HER2/neu mice were treated with 2 different ERβ agonists, S-equol or LY500307, for 3 months and evaluated for branching, hyperplasia and differential gene expression. When compared to controls, ERβ agonist-treated mice exhibited a significant decrease in branching and ductal hyperplasia, with no change in body weight. Differential gene expression analysis revealed 218 modified genes in response to S-equol treatment, and 258 genes modified by LY500307 treatment, with an overlap of 36 genes. Pathway analysis identified an enrichment for chemokines signaling pathways, particularly TNF, in the reversal of hyperbranching resulting from treatment with ERβ agonists. Although previous studies have demonstrated crosstalk between ER's non-genomic signaling and growth factor signal transductions pathway, this is the first study to demonstrate the impact of ERβ activation on HER2/neu mediated pre-neoplastic changes. Our study suggest that ER β agonist treatment may be a valuable therapeutic option for the chemoprevention of breast cancer in women at increased risk. Citation Format: Samayoa C, Krishnegowda NK, Vadlamudi RK, Tekmal RR. Investigating the use estrogen receptor β agonists in the prevention of breast cancer using a transgenic mouse model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-15-02.
Innate lymphoid cells in the upper airways: importance of CD117 and IL-1RI expression
Authors: Koen Van Crombruggen, Sylvie Taveirne, Gabriele Holtappels, Georges Leclercq, Claus Bachert
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

Although type 1, 2 and 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s, ILC2s and ILC3s, respectively) are emerging as important cell populations regulating tissue homeostasis, remodelling and inflammation, a vast majority of our knowledge stems from in vitro and murine experiments, and requires thorough confirmation in human diseases. Relative levels of ILCs were evaluated by means of flow cytometry in freshly resected human upper airways mucosa of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), taking into account the patient's clinical parameters and disease comorbidities. We report that the CD117 and interleukin-receptor type I (IL-1RI) expression status of human ILC2s depends on the local tissue environment. Only CD117 + IL-1RI + ILC2s, exclusively present in CRSwNP, possess an interrelationship with type 2 T-helper cell cytokine and eosinophil levels in human upper airway mucosa. In CRSsNP, mainly CD117 − IL-1RI − ILC2s are increased, yielding lower eosinophilia in this disease despite the high levels of ILC2s. These data unveil that the CD117 − and CD117 + fractions within the native human ILC2 population are not a random phenomenon, in contrast to what could be concluded from in vitro data, and that the IL-1RI expression is not ubiquitous in ILC2s in vivo in humans, which cannot be assessed via in vitro and murine experiments.
How to Make US Health Care More Equitable and Less Costly
Authors: Victor R. Fuchs
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract #3676: Antroquinonol inhibits tumorgenesis and metastasis in highly invasive non-small-cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Wan-Yu Hsieh, Huei-Wen Chen, Sung-Liang Yu, Wu-Che Wen, Sheng-Yung Liu, Pan-Chyr Yang
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Antrodia camphorata , a parasitic fungus indigenous to Taiwan, has been used as the folk medicine in immuno-regulation and anti-cancer therapies for over six decades. Recently, antroquinonol, an ubiquinone derivative from  Antrodia camphorata , has been reported with the selective cytotoxicity in several cancer cell lines, however, the molecular mechanisms in anti-cancer were unclear. In this study, we found that antroquinonol could inhibit cell proliferation in highly invasive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells (IC50=0.8 \#956;g/ml in A549 cells and IC50=1.4 \#956;g/ml in CL1-5 cells), but has no significantly cytotoxic effects on normal human airway epithelial BEAS2B cells. The colony formation assay also indicated that antroquinonol could significantly reduce tumorgenesis at concentration 0.3 \#956;g/ml. The cancer cell migration and invasion were reduced by antroquinonol in a concentration-dependent manner (0.1-3.0 \#956;g/ml). To study the potential mechanisms in anti-tumorgenesis and metastasis, the antroquinonol-regulated gene expression profiles were determined using human HG-U133 Plus 2.0 Gene Chip (Affymetrix), the differentially expressed genes were further performed to the Complex Regulation Prediction Database (CRPD) for pathway enrichment analysis; the results showed that a cluster of metastasis-related genes (e.g., Integrin, alpha V beta 1, vav3 and met oncogenes, and Rho GTPase) and the Jak-Stat signaling pathway-related genes, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, mitogen-actived protein kinase (MAPK), and cell cycle-related genes, were highly regulated by antroquinonol. The real time quantitative RT-PCR confirmed that the focal adhesion-related and Jak-Stat signaling pathway-related molecules were significantly regulated by antroquinonol, including ATM (2.32 folds reduced), SKP2 (2.85 folds reduced), MAP4K3 (3.14 folds reduced), MAP3K7 (1.47 folds reduced), MAP2K1IP (2.47 folds reduced), integrin alpha V (1.86 folds reduced) and IL6ST (3.24 folds reduced). Immunoblotting analyses showed that the EGF-stimulated EGFR, AKT, and ERK phosphorylations were significantly reduced by antroquinonol. In conclusion, these results showed that the new anti-cancer compound, antroquiononol, could inhibit cancer cell growth, inhibit cancer cell migration and invasion, reduce cell survival signaling selectively in the highly invasive lung adenocarcinoma cells. We suggested that antroquinonol might have the potential to be the novel leading compound in new anti-cancer drug developing for NSCLC treatment.   Citation Information:  In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 3676.
BeEAM (Bendamustine, Etoposide, Cytarabine, Melphalan) Prior to Autologous Stem Cell Transplant for Chemosensitive Relapses in Patients with Follicular Lymphoma: A Prospective Multicenter Phase II Study from Lymphoma Study Association (LYSA) Centers
Authors: Herv Ghesquieres, Cecile Dalban, Emmanuelle Nicolas-Virelizier, Fabrice Jardin, Fabien Le Bras, Steven Le Gouill, Rene-Olivier Casasnovas, Seraphine Vizoso, Caroline Hernandez, Severine Metzger, David Perol, Guillaume Cartron
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract P235: Sugar-Sweetened Beverage and Food Intake and Mortality Risk Among U.S. Adults
Authors: Lindsay Collin, Monika Safford, Viola Vaccarino, Jean A Welsh
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Multiple studies have shown a positive association between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and increased obesity and cardiovascular disease risk but few have examined their impact on mortality. Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of (non-milk) sugars on CVD-related mortality and all-cause mortality, and to determine if this impact differs by the form in which they are consumed (beverages vs. foods). Methods: This study used data from the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study, a US based longitudinal cohort of 30,183 black and white men and women over the age of 45. We excluded those with a self-reported history of CVD, stroke, TIA, and type II diabetes at baseline, yielding a final study population of 17,930. Added sugar consumption (in grams) from beverage and from foods were estimated separately using self-administered Block 98 food frequency questionnaires. Sugar-sweetened beverages included those pre-sweetened, such as sodas as well as beverages to which sugar had been added at the point of consumption, such as coffee, or juices. Sugar-sweetened foods included desserts, candy and sweetened breakfast foods as well as foods to which caloric sweeteners (sugars, syrups) had been added. Quartiles of consumption were used for the purposes of analysis, with the lowest category as the reference. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association between consumption and all-cause mortality, CHD-related mortality, and CVD-related mortality. Model I adjusted for sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors (age, sex, education, household income, region, smoking, and physical activity). Model II additionally adjusted for possible mediators, including total energy intake, BMI, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Results: In Model I, we observed increased hazard ratios for CVD, CHD-related and all cause related mortality. These results were attenuated but remained significant when adjusting for possible mediators in Model II: HR=1.7, 95%CI 1.1-2.7 for CVD-related mortality; HR=2.5, 95%CI 1.3-4.8 for CHD-related mortality, and HR=1.27, 95%CI 1.02-1.58 for all-cause mortality, when comparing the highest quartile of SSB consumption to the lowest quartile of SSB consumption. We observed similar but attenuated effects between the comparisons for the third and second quartiles of SSB consumption. We did not observe any increased risk with sugar-sweetened foods. Conclusions: Older adults who are high consumers of SSBs are at an increased risk of CVD-related and all-cause mortality.
Tuft Cells—Systemically Dispersed Sensory Epithelia Integrating Immune and Neural Circuitry
Authors: Claire E. O'Leary, Christoph Schneider, Richard M. Locksley
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2018)

Tuft cells-rare solitary chemosensory cells in mucosal epithelia-are undergoing intense scientific scrutiny fueled by recent discovery of unsuspected connections to type 2 immunity. These cells constitute a conduit by which ligands from the external space are sensed via taste-like signaling pathways to generate outputs unique among epithelial cells: the cytokine IL-25, eicosanoids associated with allergic immunity, and the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. The classic type II taste cell transcription factor POU2F3 is lineage defining, suggesting a conceptualization of these cells as widely distributed environmental sensors with effector functions interfacing type 2 immunity and neural circuits. Increasingly refined single-cell analytics have revealed diversity among tuft cells that extends from nasal epithelia and type II taste cells to ex-Aire-expressing medullary thymic cells and small-intestine cells that mediate tissue remodeling in response to colonizing helminths and protists.
Rib Fractures Mimicking Bone Metastases in 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Emmanouil Panagiotidis, Anna Paschali, Evanthia Giannoula, Vasiliki Chatzipavlidou
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a membrane glycoprotein that is overexpressed in prostate cancer cells. It is also expressed in other normal tissues and several other malignant and benign diseases. We present a case of a 69-year-old man with history of prostate adenocarcinoma who underwent F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT due to suspected biochemical recurrence. PET/CT showed F-PSMA-1007 uptake in healing rib fractures with no other pathologic findings. Clinicians reporting F-PSMA-1007 PET/CT should be aware of this potential pitfall, especially in nontypical trauma pattern (eg, solitary osseous lesion) mimicking bone metastases.
The Myths of the Bare-Metal Stent
Authors: Dean J. Kereiakes
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Update: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for Use of Hepatitis A Vaccine for Postexposure Prophylaxis and for Preexposure Prophylaxis for International Travel
Authors: Noele P. Nelson, Ruth Link-Gelles, Megan G. Hofmeister, José R. Romero, Kelly L. Moore, John W. Ward, Sarah F. Schillie
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) with hepatitis A (HepA) vaccine or immune globulin (IG) effectively prevents infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) when administered within 2 weeks of exposure.Preexposure prophylaxis against HAV infection through the administration of HepA vaccine or IG provides protection for unvaccinated persons traveling to or working in countries that have high or intermediate HAV endemicity.The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Hepatitis Vaccines Work Group conducted a systematic review of the evidence for administering vaccine for PEP to persons aged >40 years and reviewed the HepA vaccine efficacy and safety in infants and the benefits of protection against HAV before international travel.The February 21, 2018, ACIP recommendations update and supersede previous ACIP recommendations for HepA vaccine for PEP and for international travel.Current recommendations include that HepA vaccine should be administered to all persons aged ≥12 months for PEP.In addition to HepA vaccine, IG may be administered to persons aged >40 years depending on the provider's risk assessment.ACIP also recommended that HepA vaccine be administered to infants aged 6-11 months traveling outside the United States when protection against HAV is recommended.The travel-related dose for infants aged 6-11 months should not be counted toward the routine 2-dose series.The dosage of IG has been updated where applicable (0.1 mL/kg).HepA vaccine for PEP provides advantages over IG, including induction of active immunity, longer duration of protection, ease of administration, and greater acceptability and availability.
Sports Biostatistician: a critical member of all sports science and medicine teams for injury prevention
Authors: Martí Casals, Caroline F Finch
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2018)

Sports science and medicine need specialists to solve the challenges that arise with injury data. In the sports injury field, it is important to be able to optimise injury data to quantify injury occurrences, understand their aetiology and most importantly, prevent them. One of these specialty professions is that of Sports Biostatistician. The aim of this paper is to describe the emergent field of Sports Biostatistics and its relevance to injury prevention. A number of important issues regarding this profession and the science of sports injury prevention are highlighted. There is a clear need for more multidisciplinary teams that incorporate biostatistics, epidemiology and public health in the sports injury area.
Abstract 16401: Cardiovascular Clinical Effects of Testosterone Supplementation Among Healthy Hypo-androgenic Men: Information From the Intermountain Healthcare Health Plans Database
Authors: Tami L Bair, Heidi T May, Viet T Le, Donald L Lappé, Jeffrey L Anderson, Joseph B Muhlestein
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Epidemiologic studies have identified low serum testosterone (T) levels as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) and total mortality. However, the cardiovascular safety of T therapy among healthy men with low T levels is unknown. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that T supplementation among healthy men over the age of 50 yrs with low T levels is not associated with an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Methods: All men in the Intermountain Healthcare Health Plans Database &gt;50 years of age, with no prior history of CV disease, a documented low (&lt;212 ng/dL) baseline T level, at least 1 follow-up (f/u) T level and 3 years of clinical f/u were stratified by whether or not they received at least 90 days of T supplementation (topical gel or injection) or not. Cox hazard regression analysis, adjusting for 17 baseline variables, was performed to determine any association between T supplementation and 3 year MACE (death [D], non-fatal MI, and stroke). Results: A total of 1,472 men (age 57.0 ± 5.5 y, diabetes: 20%, hypertension: 41%, hyperlipidemia: 43%, smokers: 13%) were studied. Event rates at 1 and 3-y by supplementation status, and adjusted HRs, are shown in the Table. Overall 3-y rates of MACE, D, MI and stroke were low consistent with the baseline age and health of the population. After adjustment, subjects supplemented with T had statistically reduced 1 and 3 year rates of D and total MACE, including numerically reduced rates of MI and stroke compared to those receiving no supplementation. Conclusions: Among a generally healthy and relatively young population of hypo-androgenic men, T therapy was associated with reduced MACE and D over 3-y compared to no T supplementation. These findings provide further observational evidence of the CV safety associated with T supplementation in this population.