tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Perceptions regarding prostate cancer (CaP) treatment options: Results from the North Carolina Prostate Cancer Comparative Effectiveness and Survivorship Study (NC ProCESS).
Authors: Ronald C. Chen, Matthew Edward Nielsen, Bryce B. Reeve, Laura H. Hendrix, Robert P Agans, Anna Hoffmeyer, Deborah Usinger, Tara Strigo, Anne Jackman, Paul Alphonso Godley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

6530 Background: NC ProCESS is a population-based cohort of early (non-metastatic) CaP patients followed prospectively from diagnosis. Methods: Patients were identified through Rapid Case Ascertainment of the NC Cancer Registry from all NC counties in 2010-12. Phone survey assessed perceptions regarding treatment options and priorities in treatment selection. Results: 937 (59% of all eligible) completed this survey. Median age was 65; 72% were Caucasian. At time of survey, ~13 weeks from diagnosis, 98% had discussed options with a urologist, 49% with primary care, and 41% radiation oncologist. Many patients had concerns about potential effects of surgery and radiation on ability to perform daily activities, recovery time, and burden to family (Table). Open prostatectomy (ORP) and external beam radiation (RT) were deemed most likely to affect urinary and sexual function; fewer reported concern with robotic prostatectomy (RALP). Only 32% reported hormonal therapy would affect sexual function. Most reported surgery (especially RALP) had the best chance for cure, while 59% worried about recurrence with RT. In almost all questions, patients who consulted only with a urologist had significantly different perceptions about treatment options than those who also consulted with a radiation oncologist. In choosing treatment, 61% reported that cure was the highest priority, and 28% indicated preserving quality of life. Conclusions: Modern CaP patients often have misconceptions about treatment options inconsistent with published evidence, which are partially mitigated by multidisciplinary consultation. Most indicated cure as the highest priority, and surgery offers the best chance of cure. [Table: see text]
High-Speed and Scalable Whole-Brain Imaging in Rodents and Primates
Authors: Kaoru Seiriki, Atsushi Kasai, Takeshi Hashimoto, Wiebke Schulze, Misaki Niu, Shun Yamaguchi, Takanobu Nakazawa, Ken-ichi Inoue, Shiori Uezono, Masahiko Takada, Yuichiro Naka, Hisato Igarashi, Masato Tanuma, James A. Waschek, Yukio Ago, Kenji F. Tanaka, Atsuko Hayata-Takano, Kazuki Nagayasu, Norihito Shintani, Ryota Hashimoto, Yasuto Kunii, Mizuki Hino, Junya Matsumoto, Hirooki Yabe, Takeharu Nagai, Katsumasa Fujita, Toshio Matsuda, Kazuhiro Takuma, Akemichi Baba, Hitoshi Hashimoto
Journal: Neuron (2017)
Abstract 10935: Aggressive Lipid-lowering Therapy With Rosuvastatin may Promote Plaque Regression and Stabilization: The Aggressive Lipid-lowering Treatment Approaches for Vulnerable Plaque In Coronary Artery With Rosuvastatin (ALTAIR) Trial
Authors: Sei Komatsu, Tadateru Takayama, Yasunori Ueda, Takafumi Hiro, Seiji Fukushima, Hiroshi Matsuoka, Masaharu Ishihara, Junji Yajima, Atsushi Hirayama, Satoshi Saito
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Diminishing yellow color, evaluated by coronary angioscopy, is associated with plaque stabilization. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is widely used to evaluate plaque regression. Hypo...
Early detection of oral cancer in Portugal: The experience of UMEMD.
Authors: Fernanda Estevinho, Margarida Gouveia, Marta Costa, Sara Moura, João Sérgio Neves, Domingos Paulo-Subtil, Jorge Marinho, João Leite-Moreira
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e13039 Background: Oral and pharyngeal cancer is the 11th most common malignancy worldwide. Although the oral cavity is a potentially accessible site for examination, up to 50% of oral cancers are detected at advanced stage. The Mobile Unit of Stomatology and Dental Medicine (UMEMD) of the Portuguese League Against Cancer (LPCC) and of the Portuguese Association of Hospital Dental Medicine (APMDH) has developed oral cancer early diagnosis consultations. This consultations were performed by a team of 50 doctors specialized in oral cancer diagnosis. Once a month the team of UMEMD went to a different region of the North of Portugal. Early oral cancer diagnosis consultations were also performed twice a week at the Portuguese League Against Cancer at Oporto.We present the experience of UMEMD in the early diagnosis consultation of oral cancer, since its foundation in August 2012 until the end of 2016. Methods: We performed a retrospective evaluation of medical records of patients observed in the early diagnosis consultation of oral cancer of UMEMD between August 2012 and December 2016. We assessed the demographic characteristics, risk factors, cancer history, likely diagnosis and the referral of patients. Results: 6,231 new patients were observed; median age of patients was 63 years-old [1;102], 93 patients were younger than 18 years-old. There was information about smoking habits of the majority of patients n = 4,521(72.6%): 597(9.6%) were smokers and 653(10.5%) former smokers. 228 (3.6%) patients had previous cancer. We detected: 963 lesions (15.5%); the majority of the lesions were at the tongue n = 263 (4.2%).The patients with suspicious lesions (n = 638; 10.2%) were referred to: Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Oporto: n = 146 (2.3%); Faculty of Dental Medicine of the University of Oporto: n = 353 (5.7%); Physicians at other hospitals: n = 139 (2.2%). Conclusions: Consultations for oral cancer early diagnosis performed by an experienced team has enabled the detection of suspicious lesions in 10.2% of the patients. Cooperation with other institutions, through protocols, allowed the referral and early treatment of these patients.
Performances diagnostiques de la recherche de la mutation de l'oncogène k-ras à partir du matériel cytologique prélevé sous échoendoscopie pour le diagnostic de cancer du pancréas
Authors: M Bouisson, B Bournet, P Hammel, A Aubert, P Levy, P Ruszniewski, N Vaysse, J Escourrou, L Buscail
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Une mutation ponctuelle activante de l'oncogène kirsten-ras (k-ras) est présente dans 85 à 95% des cancers du pancréas (CP). La recherche de cette mutation dans le suc pancréatique présente une sensibilité de 67% et une spécificité de 85% pour le diagnostic de cancer du pancréas (incluant 13% d'échec d'amplification). La précision diagnostique de la ponction-biopsie dirigée sous EE (PBEE) pour le diagnostic de masse solide du pancréas va de 81 à 85% en intention de ponction. L'adjonction de la recherche de la mutation de l'oncogène k-ras pourrait augmenter ce rendement. Le but de la présente étude était d'évaluer de façon rétrospective et bi-centrique la valeur diagnostique de l'analyse de l'oncogène k-ras à partir du matériel de PBEE.
H63D homozygosity: the clinical and biochemical burben in patients with haemachromatosis
Authors: A Zaheer, G McDonald, J Nolan, L Ellis, H Irish, N Mahmud, S Norris
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background: Hereditary Haemochromatosis is an inherited disorder associated with increased iron absorption. C282Y homozygosity has been found in 93% of Irish haemachromatosis patients. The clinical significance of H63D is less clear.
Analysis of Survival After Initiation of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: James M. Tatum, Galinos Barmparas, Ara Ko, Navpreet Dhillon, Eric Smith, Daniel R. Margulies, Eric J. Ley
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2017)

<h3>Importance</h3> Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) benefits patients with renal failure who are too hemodynamically unstable for intermittent hemodialysis. The duration of therapy beyond which continued use is futile, particularly in a population of patients admitted to and primarily cared for by a surgical service (hereinafter referred to as surgical patients), is unclear. <h3>Objective</h3> To analyze proportions of and independent risk factors for survival to discharge after initiation of CRRT among patients in a surgical intensive care unit (SICU). <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> This retrospective cohort study included all patients undergoing CRRT from July 1, 2012, through January 31, 2016, in an SICU of an urban tertiary medical center. The population included patients treated before or after general surgery and patients admitted to a surgical service during inpatient evaluation and care before liver transplant. The pretransplant population was censored from further survival analysis on receipt of a transplant. <h3>Exposures</h3> Continuous renal replacement therapy. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Hospital mortality among patients in an SICU after initiation of CRRT. <h3>Results</h3> Of 108 patients (64 men [59.3%] and 44 women [40.7%]; mean [SD] age, 62.0 [12.7] years) admitted to the SICU, 53 were in the general surgical group and 55 in the pretransplant group. Thirteen of the 22 patients in the pretransplant group who required 7 or more days of CRRT died (in-hospital mortality, 59.1%); among the 12 patients in the general surgery group who required 7 or more days of CRRT, 12 died (in-hospital mortality, 100%). In the general surgical group, each day of CRRT was associated with an increased adjusted odds ratio of death of 1.39 (95% CI, 1.01-1.90;<i>P</i> = .04). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Continuous renal replacement therapy is valuable for surgical patients with an acute and correctable indication; however, survival decreases significantly with increasing duration of CRRT. Duration of CRRT does not correlate with survival among patients awaiting liver transplant.
B cell regulation in cancer and anti-tumor immunity
Authors: Anushruti Sarvaria, J Alejandro Madrigal, Aurore Saudemont
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2017)

The balance between immune effector cells and immunosuppressive cells and how this regulates the tumor microenvironment has been well described. A significant contribution of immune regulatory cells, including regulatory T cells, to tumor progression has been widely reported. An emerging body of evidence has recently recognized a role for B cells in modulating the immune response to tumors and lymphoid malignancies. Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are a newly designated subset of B cells that have been shown to play a pivotal role in regulating immune responses involved in inflammation, autoimmunity and, more recently, cancer. Bregs can suppress diverse cell subtypes, including T cells, through the secretion of anti-inflammatory mediators, such as IL-10, and can facilitate the conversion of T cells to regulatory T cells, thus attenuating anti-tumor immune responses. Similar B-cell subpopulations have been reported to be recruited to the tumor but to acquire their immunosuppressive properties within the tumor bed and thereby attenuate anti-tumor immune responses. However, despite a pivotal role for Bregs in promoting inflammation and carcinogenesis, the phenotypic diversity of the cell surface markers that are unique to Bregs remains unclear in mice and humans. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of Bregs and review our current knowledge of Bregs and their inhibition of anti-tumor immune responses in murine tumor models and cancer patients.
Influence of insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus on cancer incidence.
Authors: Oyeon Cho, Young-Taek Oh, Mison Chun, O Kyu Noh, Jaesung Heo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e13036 Background: This study aimed to investigate the influence of insulin therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) on cancer development. Methods: We evaluated 4780 patients with T2D, treated at our institution, from 1994-2006, after excluding patients with 1) preexisting cancer or cancer within 1 year after T2D registration, 2) renal transplantation, and 3) follow-up period of &lt; 5 years. The following information was collected from the patients’ electronic medical records: age; sex; registered date of T2D and cancer; last visit; use of metformin, insulin, and medications for microvascular complications; and start date of using insulin in the first year after cohort entrance. Insulin users were stratified according to insulin start date and complication as follows: &lt; 3 months with (462 patients) or without complications (526 patients), ≥3 months with complications (852 patients) or without complications (1249 patients). The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated using the expected age-standardized incidence rate in Korea. The adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) of insulin was estimated for evaluation of all-year cancer risk and time interval of 3 years from cohort entrance. Results: SIR was &gt; 1 in all cancer types except laryngeal and esophageal cancers. The median follow-up was 12 years (interquartile range: 9–15 years), and 679 events occurred. Insulin users had a significantly higher risk of all-time cancer. The patients with insulin use for ≥3 months without complications had a continuously increasing cancer risk 2–3, 4–6, 7–9, 10–12, and 13–15 years from cohort start (AHR [95% confidence interval {CI}]: 2.2 [0.91–5.3], P= 0.081; 2.39 [1.07–5.32], P= 0.0335; 1.98 [1.35–2.9], P= 0.0005; 2.41 [1.52–3.81], P= 0.0002; and 1.6 [0.6–2.83], P= 0.1077, respectively), while the rest did not. This was significantly associated with stomach, colorectal, lung, liver, pancreatic, and bladder cancers (AHR [95% CI]: 6.09 [2.58–14.4], P= 00001; 2.49 [1.22–5.07], P= 01188; 3.36 [1.18–9.51], P= 0.02265; 14.8 [1.97–110], P= 0.0088; 14.6 [1.88–113], P= 0.0103; and 10.4 [2.38–45.6], P= 0.00186, respectively). Conclusions: Incidences of gastrointestinal, lung, and bladder cancers could be increased in new insulin users without complications.
The effect of bevacizumab on targeting of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor and anti-insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor antibodies.
Authors: Sandra Heskamp, Otto C. Boerman, Janneke D.M. Molkenboer-Kuenen, Wim J.G. Oyen, Winette T.A. Van Der Graaf, Hanneke W.M. Van Laarhoven
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

3035 Background: Bevacizumab and cetuximab are approved antibodies for treatment of patients with metastasized colorectal cancer. However, the combination of bevacizumab and cetuximab does not improve progression free survival (Tol et al. NEJM 2009). This may be explained by the disruption of tumor vascularity by bevacizumab, thereby reducing targeting of other antibodies to the tumor. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of bevacizumab on the targeting of anti-EGFR and IGF-1R antibodies in tumors with SPECT/CT imaging. Methods: Mice with subcutaneous EGFR and IGF-1R-expressing SUM149 xenografts were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of bevacizumab (10 mg/kg). After four days, mice received an intravenous injection of 17 MBq 111 In-labeled cetuximab, an anti-EGFR antibody, or R1507, an anti-IGF-1R antibody. A control group was injected with labeled hLL2 anti-CD22, an irrelevant IgG . Three days after injection, SPECT/CT images were acquired and mice were dissected for ex vivo biodistribution. Tumors were analyzed immunohistochemically to determine vascular density (CD34), EGFR and IGF-1R expression. Results: SPECT imaging revealed that bevacizumab treatment reduced targeting of anti-EGFR and anti-IGF-1R antibodies by 42% and 35%, respectively. Ex vivo biodistribution showed that uptake of 111 In-cetuximab in untreated tumors was 35.2 ± 1.6 %ID/g, compared with 19.7 ± 5.3 %ID/g for bevacizumab treated tumors (p = 0.009). A similar effect was observed for 111 In-R1507 (control: 26.7 ± 2.8 %ID/g, bevacizumab:18.9 ± 2.8 %ID/g, p =0.009). No significant differences in tumor uptake were observed in mice that received the irrelevant IgG. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that vascular density decreased with 40%, while EGFR and IGF-1R expression was unaltered. Conclusions: Bevacizumab treatment can significantly reduce targeting of other antibodies to tumors. This underlines the importance of timing and sequencing of bevacizumab therapy in combination with other antibodies.
Novel reproductive technologies to prevent mitochondrial disease
Authors: Lyndsey Craven, Mao-Xing Tang, Gráinne S. Gorman, Petra De Sutter, Björn Heindryckx
Journal: Human Reproduction Update (2017)

The use of nuclear transfer (NT) has been proposed as a novel reproductive treatment to overcome the transmission of maternally-inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Pathogenic mutations in mtDNA can cause a wide-spectrum of life-limiting disorders, collectively known as mtDNA disease, for which there are currently few effective treatments and no known cures. The many unique features of mtDNA make genetic counselling challenging for women harbouring pathogenic mtDNA mutations but reproductive options that involve medical intervention are available that will minimize the risk of mtDNA disease in their offspring. This includes PGD, which is currently offered as a clinical treatment but will not be suitable for all. The potential for NT to reduce transmission of mtDNA mutations has been demonstrated in both animal and human models, and has recently been clinically applied not only to prevent mtDNA disease but also for some infertility cases. In this review, we will interrogate the different NT techniques, including a discussion on the available safety and efficacy data of these technologies for mtDNA disease prevention. In addition, we appraise the evidence for the translational use of NT technologies in infertility.We propose to review the current scientific evidence regarding the clinical use of NT to prevent mitochondrial disease.The scientific literature was investigated by searching PubMed database until Jan 2017. Relevant documents from Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority as well as reports from both the scientific and popular media were also implemented. The above searches were based on the following key words: 'mitochondria', 'mitochondrial DNA'; 'mitochondrial DNA disease', 'fertility'; 'preimplantation genetic diagnosis', 'nuclear transfer', 'mitochondrial replacement' and 'mitochondrial donation'.While NT techniques have been shown to effectively reduce the transmission of heteroplasmic mtDNA variants in animal models, and increasing evidence supports their use to prevent the transmission of human mtDNA disease, the need for robust, long-term evaluation is still warranted. Moreover, prenatal screening would still be strongly advocated in combination with the use of these IVF-based technologies. Scientific evidence to support the use of NT and other novel reproductive techniques for infertility is currently lacking.It is mandatory that any new ART treatments are first adequately assessed in both animal and human models before the cautious implementation of these new therapeutic approaches is clinically undertaken. There is growing evidence to suggest that the translation of these innovative technologies into clinical practice should be cautiously adopted only in highly selected patients. Indeed, given the limited safety and efficacy data, close monitoring of any offspring remains paramount.
Diabetes em Movimento: a Portuguese web-based platform to support exercise prescription by medical doctors
Authors: Romeu Mendes, Nelson Sousa, Marcos Agostinho, Victor Machado Reis, José Luís Themudo-Barata
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Diabetes em Movimento – exercise prescription platform.

Health and fitness.

Web-based, available at http://www.diabetesemmovimento.com. 

Free of charge, although restricted to medical doctors registered in Portuguese Medical Association.

Medical doctors can build a home-based exercise programme for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by choosing exercises from a database of images and editing the basic exercise prescription parameters (weekly frequency, duration, sets, repetitions and intensity) of each exercise (figure 1). The exercise database has three aerobic exercises (walking-based), 32 resistance exercises (performed only with a chair, a pair of 0.5 L water bottles filled with sand and a gymnastics ball) and nine flexibility exercises. Videos of all the resistance exercises are also available and can be seen by medical doctors and patients at the office or at home. Several recommendations can be selected and …
New meniscal tears after ACL injury: what is the risk? A systematic review protocol
Authors: Guri Ranum Ekås, Clare Ardern, Hege Grindem, Lars Engebretsen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Secondary meniscal tears after ACL injuries increase the risk of knee osteoarthritis. The current literature on secondary meniscal injuries after ACL injury is not consistent and may have methodological shortcomings. This protocol describes the methods of a systematic review investigating the rate of secondary meniscal injuries in children and adults after treatment (operative or non-operative) for ACL injury.We will search electronic databases (Embase, Ovid Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), SPORTDiscus, PEDro and Google Scholar) from database inception. Extracted data will include demographic data, methodology, intervention details and patient outcomes. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa checklist for cohort studies. Article screening, eligibility assessment, risk of bias assessment and data extraction will be performed in duplicate by independent reviewers. A proportion meta-analysis will be performed if studies are homogeneous (I2<75%). If meta-analysis is precluded, data will be synthesised descriptively using best-evidence synthesis. The strength of recommendations and quality of evidence will be assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation working group methodology.This protocol is written according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses, and was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews on 22 March 2016.CRD42016036788.
Gentle daily exercise is as good for elderly men as stopping smoking
Authors: Z. Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2015)

A follow up study is reported of 100 consecutive unconscious patients admitted to an intensive care coma facility with a history of 30 days or more of unconsciousness of nontraumatic cause. Twenty recovered consciousness, all within 5 months of injury. 31 of the remaining patients died within 6 months following injury, while 49 continued unconscious until death. The mean life expectancy of these 49 was 26-34 months from that time. All 20 patients who recovered awareness continued to suffer from major disability. The prognosis for life or death and for recovery or not of consciousness was not significantly correlated with age or aetiology of the vegetative state. Among those who recovered consciousness, the younger patients showed somewhat better results in three parameters of function: locomotion, ADL and day-placement, but not in cognition, behaviour or speech accuracy and fluency. The overall results for these nontraumatic patients with postcomatose unawareness are clearly worse than those for patients with a similar period of unconsciousness following craniocerebral trauma.