tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Public Health Interventions for Decreasing Dementia Risk
Authors: Graeme J. Hankey
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
The argument for single-purpose robots
Authors: Daniel E Moerman
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract The argument by Lake et al. to create more human-like robots is, first, implausible and, second, undesirable. It seems implausible to me that a robot might have friends, fall in love, read Foucault, prefer Scotch to Bourbon, and so on. It seems undesirable because we already have 7 billion people on earth and don't really need more.
Finding a Better Way to Assess Presidential Fitness
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
PD-L1 genetic overexpression or pharmacological restoration in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells reverses autoimmune diabetes
Authors: Moufida Ben Nasr, Sara Tezza, Francesca D’Addio, Chiara Mameli, Vera Usuelli, Anna Maestroni, Domenico Corradi, Silvana Belletti, Luca Albarello, Gabriella Becchi, Gian Paolo Fadini, Christian Schuetz, James Markmann, Clive Wasserfall, Leonard Zon, Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti, Paolo Fiorina
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2017)

Immunologically based clinical trials performed thus far have failed to cure type 1 diabetes (T1D), in part because these approaches were nonspecific. Because the disease is driven by autoreactive CD4 T cells, which destroy β cells, transplantation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) has been recently offered as a therapy for T1D. Our transcriptomic profiling of HSPCs revealed that these cells are deficient in programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), an important immune checkpoint, in the T1D nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. Notably, the immunoregulatory molecule PD-L1 plays a determinant role in controlling/inhibiting activated T cells and thus maintains immune tolerance. Furthermore, our genome-wide and bioinformatic analysis revealed the existence of a network of microRNAs (miRNAs) controlling PD-L1 expression, and silencing one of key altered miRNAs restored PD-L1 expression in HSPCs. We therefore sought to determine whether restoration of this defect would cure T1D as an alternative to immunosuppression. Genetically engineered or pharmacologically modulated HSPCs overexpressing PD-L1 inhibited the autoimmune response in vitro, reverted diabetes in newly hyperglycemic NOD mice in vivo, and homed to the pancreas of hyperglycemic NOD mice. The PD-L1 expression defect was confirmed in human HSPCs in T1D patients as well, and pharmacologically modulated human HSPCs also inhibited the autoimmune response in vitro. Targeting a specific immune checkpoint defect in HSPCs thus may contribute to establishing a cure for T1D.
CNS response to osimertinib vs standard of care (SoC) EGFR-TKI as first-line therapy in patients (pts) with EGFR-TKI sensitising mutation (EGFRm)-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Data from the FLAURA study
Authors: J. Vansteenkiste, T. Reungwetwattana, K. Nakagawa, B.C. Cho, M.A.Cobo. Dols, E.K. Cho, A. Bertolini, S. Bohnet, C. Zhou, K.H. Lee, N. Nogami, I. Okamoto, N. Leighl, R. Hodge, A. McKeown, A.P. Brown, Y. Rukazenkov, S. Ramalingam
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
P2.07-041 Immuno-Related Cutaneous Adverse Events (IRcutAEs) in Patients (P) with Advanced NSCLC: A Single-Institution Prospective Study
Authors: E. Carcereny, A. Boada, R. Blanco, R. Marsé, N. Rivera, M. Majem, J. Terrasa, Y. García, J. Coves, A. Estival, E. Dalmau, L. Vila, P. Riera, T. Morán
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
B Cells Producing Type I IFN Modulate Macrophage Polarization in Tuberculosis
Authors: Alan Bénard, Imme Sakwa, Pablo Schierloh, André Colom, Ingrid Mercier, Ludovic Tailleux, Luc Jouneau, Pierre Boudinot, Talal Al-Saati, Roland Lang, Jan Rehwinkel, Andre G. Loxton, Stefan H. E. Kaufmann, Véronique Anton-Leberre, Anne O’Garra, Maria Del Carmen Sasiain, Brigitte Gicquel, Simon Fillatreau, Olivier Neyrolles, Denis Hudrisier
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2017)

Rationale: In addition to their well-known function as antibody-producing cells, B lymphocytes can markedly influence the course of infectious or noninfectious diseases via antibody-independent mechanisms. In tuberculosis (TB), B cells accumulate in lungs, yet their functional contribution to the host response remains poorly understood.Objectives: To document the role of B cells in TB in an unbiased manner.Methods: We generated the transcriptome of B cells isolated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected mice and validated the identified key pathways using in vitro and in vivo assays. The obtained data were substantiated using B cells from pleural effusion of patients with TB.Measurements and Main Results: B cells isolated from Mtb-infected mice displayed a STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1)-centered signature, suggesting a role for IFNs in B-cell response to infection. B cells stimulated in vitro with Mtb produced type I IFN, via a mechanism involving the innate sensor STING (stimulator of interferon genes), and antagonized by MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response 88) signaling. In vivo, B cells expressed type I IFN in the lungs of Mtb-infected mice and, of clinical relevance, in pleural fluid from patients with TB. Type I IFN expression by B cells induced an altered polarization of macrophages toward a regulatory/antiinflammatory profile in vitro. In vivo, increased provision of type I IFN by B cells in a murine model of B cell–restricted Myd88 deficiency correlated with an enhanced accumulation of regulatory/antiinflammatory macrophages in Mtb-infected lungs.Conclusions: Type I IFN produced by Mtb-stimulated B cells favors macrophage polarization toward a regulatory/antiinflammatory phenotype during Mtb infection.
Navigating the new landscape of apps: Overcoming the challenge of poor quality apps in sport and exercise medicine
Authors: Osman Hassan Ahmed, Hopin Lee, Hannah Marchant, Rhiannon Jones, Eric E Hall
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

When Christopher Columbus first set foot on the Americas in 1492, he stared on the landscape with wonder and trepidation. Over 400 years later, sport and exercise medicine (SEM) clinicians may feel similar emotions as they scan the landscape of smartphone apps in healthcare for patient engagement.1 ,2 Mobile apps pose challenges for patients and clinicians due to the emergent and (partially) unregulated nature of apps in healthcare. Healthcare apps represent a transient form of healthcare and are often short-lived in popularity, as the example of Pokemon Go demonstrates.3

Not all apps are well-designed, user-friendly, and importantly, many lack evidence-based content. SEM clinicians may be reluctant to recommend such apps, especially if the clinicians themselves find the apps awkward and cumbersome to use. In addition, SEM clinicians may not be familiar with the apps available for a particular condition, and thus will not be able to recommend relevant apps to patients under their care. For patients, having apps with dubious management information may delay rehabilitation, …
Prognostic importance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) and advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) at diagnosis and post treatment in elderly with stage IV NSCLC
Authors: H. Mandaliya, M. Jones, C. Oldmeadow, I. Nordman
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
The possibility of personalized chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer using interactome analyses of PDX/NOG models
Authors: T. Chijiwa, D. Komura, M. Haraguchi, A. Noguchi, H. Sato, H. Ito, H. Nakayama, M. Katayama, N. Miyao, H. Suemizu, Y. Nakamura, D. Furukawa, T. Moriya, T. Isagawa, H. Katoh, S. Ishikawa, M. Nakamura, Y. Miyagi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Areas for quality improvement in pediatric supportive oncology services.
Authors: Jennifer Reichek, Christine B. Weldon, Eugene Suh, Julia Rachel Trosman, Stacy D. Sanford, Dipti Dighe, Rosa Berardi, Kim Downing, Daniel K. Choi, Betty Roggenkamp, Natasha Pillay Smiley, Melanie Brown, Erika D Owen, Rani Ganesan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

146 Background: In 2013, the Institute of Medicine report recommended that supportive oncology services be initiated at time of diagnosis. Providers of pediatric cancer care in the Chicagoland community, supported by The Coleman Foundation, sought to define areas for quality improvement of supportive oncology delivery to children. Methods: Focus groups and surveys with clinicians providing pediatric cancer care and supportive services at 14 sites were used to prioritize areas needing improvement. Results: 100% (14/14) of sites participated. Of the eligible sites, 6 were pediatric cancer treatment sites and 8 cancer care community organizations. Sites demonstrated consistent agreement for 8 of the 12 areas of focus for improvement. Over 50% of sites reported areas of focus (table) as important or very important. Conclusions: Sites identified the need for quality improvement in delivery of psychosocial, survivorship and palliative care for pediatric cancer patients. Survey results demonstrate a need for collaboration and efforts to guide care delivery improvement across sites. [Table: see text]
Early career researchers want Open Science
Authors: Andrea Farnham, Christoph Kurz, Mehmet Ali Öztürk, Monica Solbiati, Oona Myllyntaus, Jordy Meekes, Tra My Pham, Clara Paz, Magda Langiewicz, Sophie Andrews, Liisa Kanninen, Chantal Agbemabiese, Arzu Tugce Guler, Jeffrey Durieux, Sarah Jasim, Olivia Viessmann, Stefano Frattini, Danagul Yembergenova, Carla Marin Benito, Marion Porte, Anaïs Grangeray-Vilmint, Rafael Prieto Curiel, Carin Rehncrona, Tareq Malas, Flavia Esposito, Kristina Hettne
Journal: Genome biology (2017)

Open Science is encouraged by the European Union and many other political and scientific institutions. However, scientific practice is proving slow to change. We propose, as early career researchers, that it is our task to change scientific research into open scientific research and commit to Open Science principles.
Polycomb subunit BMI1 determines uterine progesterone responsiveness essential for normal embryo implantation
Authors: Qiliang Xin, Shuangbo Kong, Junhao Yan, Jingtao Qiu, Bo He, Chan Zhou, Zhangli Ni, Haili Bao, Lin Huang, Jinhua Lu, Guoliang Xia, Xicheng Liu, Zi-Jiang Chen, Chao Wang, Haibin Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2017)

Natural and synthetic progestogens have been commonly used to prevent recurrent pregnancy loss in women with inadequate progesterone secretion or reduced progesterone sensitivity. However, the clinical efficacy of progesterone and its analogs for maintaining pregnancy is variable. Additionally, the underlying cause of impaired endometrial progesterone responsiveness during early pregnancy remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that uterine-selective depletion of BMI1, a key component of the polycomb repressive complex-1 (PRC1), hampers uterine progesterone responsiveness and derails normal uterine receptivity, resulting in implantation failure in mice. We further uncovered genetic and biochemical evidence that BMI1 interacts with the progesterone receptor (PR) and the E3 ligase E6AP in a polycomb complex-independent manner and regulates the PR ubiquitination that is essential for normal progesterone responsiveness. A close association of aberrantly low endometrial BMI1 expression with restrained PR responsiveness in women who had previously had a miscarriage indicated that the role of BMI1 in endometrial PR function is conserved in mice and in humans. In addition to uncovering a potential regulatory mechanism of BMI1 that ensures normal endometrial progesterone responsiveness during early pregnancy, our findings have the potential to help clarify the underlying causes of spontaneous pregnancy loss in women.
Care Planning for Inpatients Referred for Palliative Care Consultation
Authors: Kara Bischoff, David L. O’Riordan, Angela K. Marks, Rebecca Sudore, Steven Z. Pantilat
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

Care planning is a critical function of palliative care teams, but the impact of advance care planning and goals of care discussions by palliative care teams has not been well characterized.To describe the population of patients referred to inpatient palliative care consultation teams for care planning, the needs identified by palliative care clinicians, the care planning activities that occur, and the results of these activities.This was a prospective cohort study conducted between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2016. Seventy-eight inpatient palliative care teams from diverse US hospitals in the Palliative Care Quality Network, a national quality improvement collaborative. Standardized data were submitted for 73 145 patients.Inpatient palliative care consultation.Overall, 52 571 of 73 145 patients (71.9%) referred to inpatient palliative care were referred for care planning (range among teams, 27.5%-99.4% of patients). Patients referred for care planning were older (73.3 vs 67.9 years; F statistic, 1546.0; P < .001), less likely to have cancer (30.0% vs 41.1%; P < .001), and slightly more often had a clinical order of full code at the time of referral (54.6% vs 52.1%; P < .001). Palliative care teams identified care planning needs in 52 825 of 73 145 patients (72.2%) overall, including 42 467 of 49 713 patients (85.4%) referred for care planning and in 10 054 of 17 475 patients (57.5%) referred for other reasons. Through care planning conversations, surrogates were identified for 10 571 of 11 149 patients (94.8%) and 9026 patients (37.4%) elected to change their code status. Substantially more patients indicated that a status of do not resuscitate/do not intubate was consistent with their goals (7006 [32.1%] preconsultation to 13 773 [63.1%] postconsultation). However, an advance directive was completed for just 2160 of 67 955 patients (3.2%) and a Physicians Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment form was completed for 8359 of 67 955 patients (12.3%) seen by palliative care teams.Care planning was the most common reason for inpatient palliative care consultation, and care planning needs were often found even when the consultation was for other reasons. Surrogates were consistently identified, and patients' preferences regarding life-sustaining treatments were frequently updated. However, a minority of patients completed legal forms to document their care preferences, highlighting an area in need of improvement.
Methemoglobinemia Due to Antifreeze Ingestion
Authors: Andrew N Farkas, Anthony Scoccimarro, Anthony F Pizon
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

Ingestion of antifreeze in suicide attempts is typically assessed in the context of polyethylene glycol poisoning, but some antifreeze also contains nitrates and nitrites that are not noted on the bottle. In one such case, methemoglobinemia was detected and successfully treated.
Moving from early to moderate or advanced biochemical disease stage during follow-up is associated with an increasing risk of clinical events in primary biliary cholangitis patients
Authors: Nikolaos K Gatselis, Jorn C Goet, Kalliopi Zachou, Willem J Lammers, Harry L Janssen, Gideon Hirschfield, Christophe Corpechot, Keith D Lindor, Pietro Invernizzi, Marlyn J Mayo, Pier Maria Battezzati, Annarosa Floreani, Albert Pares, Vasiliki Ligoura, Frederik Nevens, Andrew Mason, Kris Kowdley, Cyriel Y Ponsioen, Tony Bruns, Douglas Thorburn, Xavier Verhelst, Maren H Harms, Henk R van Buuren, Bettina E Hansen, George Dalekos
Journal: Hepatology (2017)
Development of a digital tool to assess the risk of thromboembolic disease and prescription of prophylactic anti-thrombotic therapy in oncologic patients.
Authors: Lizbett Vanessa Garcia Montes
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

232 Background: Thromboprophylaxis for oncologic patients represents a huge challenge. The existence of more specific guidelines for anti-thrombotic therapy in hospitalized and ambulatory oncologic patients is an unmet need. Methods: We present an observational, descriptive, retrospective and transversal study, from January 2012 to December 2016, all the oncologic patients hospitalized for any cause in the Hospital Español de México were included. We reviewed clinical files and obtained demographic and disease characteristics necessary to stratify the risk of thromboembolism using the Khorana score. A bivariate analysis was done between the risk of thromboembolism and the use of thromboprophylaxis and a multivariate analysis to identify the reproducibility of Khorana score in Mexican patients. Results: Of the 1048 patients included in the study, 65.6% (688 patients) were categorized by the Khorana score with intermediate risk of thromboembolism, 26% (273 patients) with low risk and 8.4% (87 patients) with high risk. In the low risk group 80.6% used some kind of prophylaxis, in the intermediate risk group 83.2% and in the high risk group 87%, nevertheless only 19.7% met the recommendations published by international guidelines (ASCO, ESMO) and the Khorana score and also this data confirmed the reproducibility of Khorana score in Mexican patients. Conclusions: The 80.3% of all the patients didn’t obey the recommendations stablished by the American and European guidelines. We propose a digital tool to monitor and manage the risk of thrombosis as a health condition associated with cancer. This could be use in an easy way of each member of the multidisciplinary team, to stratify cancer patients by risk to receive the correct prophylactic anti-thrombotic therapy. This is nowadays an unmet need for oncologic patients, and in our country this type of tool, will help to save resources and re-direct them to patients who will actually benefit from the prophylactic treatment.
Back to the future: The return of cognitive functionalism
Authors: Leyla Roskan Çağlar, Stephen José Hanson
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract The claims that learning systems must build causal models and provide explanations of their inferences are not new, and advocate a cognitive functionalism for artificial intelligence. This view conflates the relationships between implicit and explicit knowledge representation. We present recent evidence that neural networks do engage in model building, which is implicit, and cannot be dissociated from the learning process.
P2.05-012 Prognostic Factors for Surgically Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Cavity Formation
Authors: S. Shigefuku, Y. Kudo, D. Yunaiyama, J. Matsubayashi, J. Park, T. Nagao, Y. Shimada, M. Hagiwara, H. Saji, T. Okano, M. Kakihana, N. Kajiwara, T. Ohira, N. Ikeda
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Induction chemotherapy in locally advanced unresectable oral cavity squamous cell cancers: Does it improve treatment outcomes?
Authors: T. Chaudhuri, K.C. Lakshmaiah, K.G. Babu, L. Dasappa, L.A. Jacob, M.C.S. Babu, A.H. Rudresha, K.N. Lokesh, L.K. Rajeev
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Lansoprazole use and tuberculosis incidence in the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink: A population based cohort
Authors: Tom A. Yates, Laurie A. Tomlinson, Krishnan Bhaskaran, Sinead Langan, Sara Thomas, Liam Smeeth, Ian J. Douglas
Journal: PLoS Medicine (2017)

Background Recent in vitro and animal studies have found the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) lansoprazole to be highly active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Omeprazole and pantoprazole have no activity. There is no evidence that, in clinical practice, lansoprazole can treat or prevent incident tuberculosis (TB) disease. Methods and findings We studied a cohort of new users of lansoprazole, omeprazole, or pantoprazole from the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink to determine whether lansoprazole users have a lower incidence of TB disease than omeprazole or pantoprazole users. Negative control outcomes of myocardial infarction (MI) and herpes zoster were also studied. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to adjust for potential confounding by a wide range of factors. We identified 527,364 lansoprazole initiators and 923,500 omeprazole or pantoprazole initiators. Lansoprazole users had a lower rate of TB disease (n = 86; 10.0 cases per 100,000 person years; 95% confidence interval 8.1–12.4) than omeprazole or pantoprazole users (n = 193; 15.3 cases per 100,000 person years; 95% confidence interval 13.3–17.7), with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.68 (0.52–0.89). No association was found with MI (adjusted HR 1.04; 95% confidence interval 1.00–1.08) or herpes zoster (adjusted HR 1.03; 95% confidence interval 1.00–1.06). Limitations of this study are that we could not determine whether TB disease was due to reactivation of latent infection or a result of recent transmission, nor could we determine whether lansoprazole would have a beneficial effect if given to people presenting with TB disease. Conclusions In this study, use of the commonly prescribed and cheaply available PPI lansoprazole was associated with reduced incidence of TB disease. Given the serious problem of drug resistance and the adverse side effect profiles of many TB drugs, further investigation of lansoprazole as a potential antituberculosis agent is warranted.
Abstract 18674: Development of Antisense Drug Targeting PCSK9
Authors: Mariko Harada-Shiba, Fumito Wada, Keisuke Tachibana, Tadayuki Kobayashi
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: PCSK9 has been considered to be a favorable target to reduce LDL-C in addition to statins and ezetimibe. Several attempts have been performed targeting PCSK9 including antibodies, siR...