tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
A Histologic Study of the Circadian System in Parkinson Disease, Multiple System Atrophy, and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: Eduardo De Pablo-Fernández, Robert Courtney, Thomas T. Warner, Janice L. Holton
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2018)

Circadian dysfunction may be associated with the symptoms and neurodegeneration in Parkinson disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), although the underlying neuroanatomical site of disruption and pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood.To perform a neuropathological analysis of disease-specific inclusions in the key structures of the circadian system in patients with PD, MSA, and PSP.This investigation was a brain bank case-control study assessing neuropathological inclusions in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and pineal gland in healthy controls, PD (Lewy pathology), MSA (glial cytoplasmic inclusions), and PSP (tau inclusions). The study analyzed 12 healthy control, 28 PD, 11 MSA, and 21 PSP samples from consecutive brain donations (July 1, 2010, to June 30, 2016) to the Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders and the Parkinson's UK Brain Bank, London, United Kingdom. Cases were excluded if neither SCN nor pineal tissue was available.Disease-specific neuropathological changes were graded using a standard semiquantitative scoring system (absent, mild, moderate, severe, or very severe) and compared between groups.Because of limited tissue availability, the following total samples were examined in a semiquantitative histologic analysis: 5 SCNs and 7 pineal glands in the control group (6 male; median age at death, 83.8 years; interquartile range [IQR], 78.2-88.0 years), 13 SCNs and 17 pineal glands in the PD group (22 male; median age at death, 78.8 years; IQR, 75.5-83.8 years), 5 SCNs and 6 pineal glands in the MSA group (7 male; median age at death, 69.5 years; IQR, 61.6-77.7 years), and 5 SCNs and 19 pineal glands in the PSP group (13 male; median age at death, 74.3 years; IQR, 69.7-81.1 years). No neuropathological changes were found in either the SCN or pineal gland in healthy controls or MSA cases. Nine PD cases had Lewy pathology in the SCN, and only 2 PD cases had Lewy pathology in the pineal gland. All PSP cases showed inclusions in the SCN, but no PSP cases had pathology in the pineal gland.Disease-related neuropathological changes were found in the SCN but not in the pineal gland in PD and PSP, while both structures were preserved in MSA, reflecting different pathophysiological mechanisms that may have important therapeutic implications.
Use of noninvasive biomarkers to assess fibrosis regression in cirrhotic patients during nucleos(t)ide therapy
Authors: C. Pan, N. Izumi, P. Angus, A. Duseja, E. Nurmukhametova, R. Balabanska, T. Nguyen, J. Yang, L. Lin, A. Gaggar, J.F. Flaherty, M. Subramanian, S. Ryder, W.-L. Chuang, P. Marcellin
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
P71Targeted resequencing of coding and cardiac non-coding regulatory regions related to genes implicated in cardiomyopathy
Authors: E Nagyova, M Harakalova, V Tragante, G Kummeling, A Sammani, JAJ Verdonschot, A Baas, J Van Den Velden, M Mokry, F W Asselbergs
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)
Recurrent haemoptysis in a child with advanced cystic fibrosis lung disease
Authors: Donnchadh Martin O’Sullivan, Barry Linnane
Journal: BMJ (2018)

A 12 year old boy with cystic fibrosis has advanced lung disease (FEV1 30%-40% predicted) and needs monthly intravenous antibiotics given through an implanted venous access device (visible in the radiograph in fig 1). He has experienced recurrent life threatening haemoptysis, for which he was treated with tranexamic acid and propranolol. His condition has not improved. What further intervention, seen on the radiograph (arrows), has he undergone?



Fig 1 
Chest radiography of a child with advanced cystic fibrosis lung disease and an implanted venous …
Some Thoughts on Exposure to the World Trade Center Wreckage and Cancer
Authors: Otis W. Brawley
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Continuation of Atypical Antipsychotic Medication During Early Pregnancy and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Yoonyoung Park, Sonia Hernandez-Diaz, Brian T. Bateman, Jacqueline M. Cohen, Rishi J. Desai, Elisabetta Patorno, Robert J. Glynn, Lee S. Cohen, Helen Mogun, Krista F. Huybrechts
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2018)

Some atypical antipsychotics are associated with metabolic side effects, which are risk factors for gestational diabetes. The authors examined the risk of developing gestational diabetes associated with the continuation of treatment with aripiprazole, ziprasidone, quetiapine, risperidone, and olanzapine during pregnancy compared with discontinuation of these antipsychotic drugs.Nondiabetic pregnant women who were linked to a live-born infant and enrolled in Medicaid (2000-2010) and who received one or more prescriptions dispensed for an antipsychotic drug during the 3 months before pregnancy were included in the analyses. Among 1,543,334 pregnancies, some expectant mothers at baseline were receiving treatment with aripiprazole (N=1,924), ziprasidone (N=673), quetiapine (N=4,533), risperidone (N=1,824), or olanzapine (N=1,425). For each antipsychotic drug, women with two or more dispensings ("continuers") were compared with women with no dispensings ("discontinuers") during the first half of pregnancy. A generalized linear model and propensity-score stratification were used to obtain absolute and relative risks of developing gestational diabetes, with adjustment for confounders.Women who continued antipsychotic treatment during pregnancy generally had higher comorbidity and longer baseline antipsychotic use. The crude risk of developing gestational diabetes among continuers compared with discontinuers, respectively, was 4.8% and 4.5% for aripiprazole, 4.2% and 3.8% for ziprasidone, 7.1% and 4.1% for quetiapine, 6.4% and 4.1% for risperidone, and 12.0% and 4.7% for olanzapine. The adjusted relative risks were 0.82 (95% CI=0.50-1.33) for aripiprazole, 0.76 (95% CI=0.29-2.00) for ziprasidone, 1.28 (95% CI=1.01-1.62) for quetiapine, 1.09 (95% CI=0.70-1.70) for risperidone, and 1.61 (95% CI=1.13-2.29) for olanzapine.Compared with women who discontinued use of an atypical antipsychotic medication before the start of pregnancy, women who continued treatment with olanzapine or quetiapine had an increased risk of gestational diabetes that may be explained by the metabolic effects associated with these two drugs.
794 Evaluating disability in adult burn injury patients treated at a tertiary-care burn unit in Karachi, Pakistan: a longitudinal study using who disability assessment schedule II
Authors: Nukhba Zia, Asim Durrani, Safia Awan, Madiha Hashmi Madiha Hashmi, Mazhar Nizam, Asad Latif
Journal: BMJ (2016)

Background  Disability after burn injury is not assessed in the context of Pakistan. This study assesses disability among adult burn injury patients presenting to a burn unit in Karachi, Pakistan.  Methods  This longitudinal study was conducted at a burn centre is Karachi, Pakistan. Adult patients(>18 years) who were discharge after 24-hour admission were enrolled from August 2014–March 2015. Baseline assessment before discharge and follow-up at 2,6 and 12 weeks after discharge via telephone was done using 12-item WHODAS 2.0 (5 -point likert-scale; 1 = none; 2 = mild; 3 = moderate; 4 = severe; and 5 = extreme) related to cognition, mobility, self-care, getting along, life activities and participation. The score range was 12–60 with higher score being worse. Ethical approval was taken from collaborating and participating sites.  Results  Of the 59 eligible patients, 53 completed all follow-ups. There were 69.8% males. Mean age of all patients was 36.8 ± 14.0 years, 71.7% were married and 17.0% had no/informal education. About half the patients were breadwinners. More than half of burn incidents occurred at home. Flame burns (50.9%) and scalds (17%) were the most common type of burns. The average surface area burnt was 43.0 ± 14.2%. The mean-scores for all patients at baseline, 2-week, 6-week and 12-week were 13.9 ± 4.9, 35.3 ± 13.8, 26.8 ± 11.9 and 20.1 ± 9.1, respectively. The mean-scores for males were lower than that of females for the four assessments (Males: 13.5 ± 1.8, 34.2 ± 14.1, 25.3 ± 10.7, 19.2 ± 8.4 and females: 16.1 ± 8.5, 37.3 ± 13.3, 30.5 ± 14.4, 22.1 ± 10.6). The two-week score was higher for those with >15% burn(36.7 ± 13.9) compared to those with ≤15% burn(34.6 ± 14.2) while the score were similar at 12-week follow-up.  Conclusions  This analysis shows that the burn injury patients tend to recover from their injury over a period of 12 weeks after discharge. Future work should focus on larger group of patients and long term follow-up at one and two years after burn injury.
Visualizing glioma margins by real-time tracking of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase activity
Authors: Yingchao Liu, Jie Tan, Yi Zhang, Jianfeng Zhuang, Mingxu Ge, Ben Shi, Jiao Li, Ge Xu, Shangchen Xu, Chunhai Fan, Chunchang Zhao
Journal: Biomaterials (2018)
Cost-effectiveness analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma screening in hepatitis C cirrhosis after sustained viral response
Authors: H.F. Zangneh, W.W. Wong, B. Sander, C.C. Bell, K. Mumtaz, M. Kowgier, A. Van der Meer, S.P. Cleary, H. Janssen, K.K. Chan, J. Feld
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Utilizing Mechanistic Biomarkers in Treating Paracetamol Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Rowan F. van Golen, Megan J. Reiniers, Jacqueline van Gorp, Maarten E. Tushuizen, Bart van Hoek
Journal: Hepatology (2018)

van Golen, Rowan F. M.D., Ph.D.; Reiniers, Megan J. M.D., Ph.D.; van Gorp, Jacqueline M.D.; Tushuizen, Maarten E. M.D., Ph.D.; van Hoek, Bart M.D., Ph.D.Editor(s): Corey, Kathleen E.4; Malhi, Harmeet5 Author Information
Ectopic Germinal Center-Like Structures in Minor Salivary Gland Biopsy Tissue Predict Lymphoma Occurrence in Patients With Primary Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Damien Sène, Sophie Ismael, Marine Forien, Frédéric Charlotte, Rachid Kaci, Patrice Cacoub, Abdourahmane Diallo, Philippe Dieudé, Frédéric Lioté
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2018)

Objective To determine risk factors for primary Sjögren's syndrome ( SS )–associated lymphoma in a multicenter cohort of patients, with analysis of the predictive power of previously reported risk factors, including the presence of ectopic germinal center ( GC )–like structures in minor salivary gland ( MSG ) biopsy tissue. Methods One hundred fifteen patients with primary SS were included, and MSG biopsy tissue from these patients was retrospectively examined, focusing on the presence of ectopic GC ‐like structures. Epidemiologic, clinical, biologic, immunologic, and histologic data were collected at the time of diagnosis of primary SS . Patients with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma ( NHL ) were compared with those without NHL during the follow‐up period, using a Cox proportional hazards multiple regression model. Results NHL was diagnosed in 8 patients (6.96%), and ectopic GC ‐like structures in 19 patients (16.5%). The presence of ectopic GC ‐like structures was associated with a 7.8‐fold increased risk of lymphoma occurrence (95% confidence interval [95% CI ] 1.73–34.86 [ P = 0.0075]). Other independent predictors included a positive cryoglobulin test result (hazard ratio [HR] 7.10, 95% CI 1.74–28.92 [ P = 0.006]), male sex ( HR 28.73, 95% CI 4.46–144.87 [ P = 0.0004]), sensorimotor neuropathy ( HR 35.48, 95% CI 5.79–217.39 [ P = 0.0001]), and splenomegaly ( HR 19.9, 95% CI 4.4–90 [ P = 0.0001]). Conclusion The presence of ectopic GC ‐like structures in MSG biopsy tissue is associated with the risk of lymphoma in patients with primary SS . These data reinforce the major role of MSG biopsy tissue in primary SS , for the identification a priori of a subgroup of patients with the highest risk of lymphoma.
Associations between cohabitation status, treatment, and outcome in AML patients: a national population-based study
Authors: Lene Sofie Granfeldt Østgård, Mette Nørgaard, Bruno C. Medeiros, Marianne Tang Severinsen, Lone Smidstrup Friis, Claus Werenberg Marcher, Claudia Schoellkopf, Jan Maxwell Nørgaard
Journal: Blood (2018)
Cross-species molecular imaging of bile salts and lipids: Identification of hydroxyl-sulfatides as marker of bile ducts
Authors: B. Flinders, L. Huizing, M. van Heerden, F. Cuyckens, S. Olde Damink, R.M.A. Heeren, F. Schaap, R. Vreeken
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Book: Cancer: The Evolutionary Legacy
Authors: Muiris Houston
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Mel Greaves


Oxford University Press, £19.99, pp 272 




ISBN 0 19 262835 6

———————

Rating: ★★★

Have you ever wondered about the lottery of cancer? I do not mean the much discussed variation in availability of treatment, but rather the random way in which carcinoma picks its casualties. While some of my patients have had an explanatory history of excessive smoking or an occupational exposure to a noxious substance, many of those struck down by this modern scourge seem to have been “chosen” indiscriminately.

As a disciple of Darwinian medicine, Greaves's day job as professor of cell biology at the Institute of Cancer Research in London is rooted in the field of molecular genetics. The strength of his book lies in his ability to move beyond the narrow confines of cell biology, both in content and in literary style.

Cancer is often seen as a new illness, emerging along with AIDs and Alzheimer's disease as an integral part of the 21st century. But it is not a new disease. When the king of Naples died in 1494 his body was mummified by embalming and placed in a wooden sarcophagus in the Abbey of San Dominico Maggiore. Five centuries later it was exhumed, and an autopsy was performed. A well preserved tumour in the pelvis turned out to be an adenocarcinoma, possibly from the large intestine. By applying a molecular test for a gene mutation commonly found in this type of cancer, scientists from Pisa University were able to identify precisely the same mutation as that seen in present day cancers.

Greaves gives his response to the hypothesis that modern civilisation causes cancer: “It seems to me reasonable to conclude that a small but significant minority of cancers are directly attributable to industrial activities or the chemical products of our advanced technology in both developed and developing countries.” But he also acknowledges the fact that, by greatly reducing the number of competing causes of death, a healthier society has an increased risk of cancer. Material progress certainly provides the paradoxical context within which some cancer rates rise while others fall.

The Darwinian view of disease is eloquently explained in the following lines: “Man has always inadvertently helped orchestrate the ecology of his diseases by his insatiable curiosity, migrating explorations and dietary experiments. There is a sense in which all our ailments and particularly our modern chronic disorders are reflections of design limitations, delayed trade offs, and nature-nurture mismatches. They are part of the natural scheme of things even if we would like to believe that we have been sculptured to perfection.”

Mel Greaves does not pretend to have all the answers, but he does challenge W H Auden's view of cancer. In his 1937 poem “Miss Gee,” Auden wrote: “Nobody knows what the cause is, though some pretend they do. It's like some hidden assassin, waiting to strike at you.”
Arterial Pulsatility and Circulating von Willebrand Factor in Patients on Mechanical Circulatory Support
Authors: Flavien Vincent, Antoine Rauch, Valentin Loobuyck, Emmanuel Robin, Christoph Nix, André Vincentelli, David M. Smadja, Pascal Leprince, Julien Amour, Gilles Lemesle, Hugues Spillemaeker, Nicolas Debry, Christian Latremouille, Piet Jansen, Antoine Capel, Mouhamed Moussa, Natacha Rousse, Guillaume Schurtz, Cédric Delhaye, Camille Paris, Emmanuelle Jeanpierre, Annabelle Dupont, Delphine Corseaux, Mickaël Rosa, Yoann Sottejeau, Svenja Barth, Claudia Mourran, Valérie Gomane, Augustin Coisne, Marjorie Richardson, Claudine Caron, Cristian Preda, Alexandre Ung, Alain Carpentier, Thomas Hubert, Cécile Denis, Bart Staels, Peter J. Lenting, Eric Van Belle, Sophie Susen
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
T cells grafted with HBV-specific T-cell receptors of high functional avidity achieve functional cure of HBV infection in humanized mice
Authors: K. Wisskirchen, J. Kah, A. Malo, L. Allweiss, K. Metzger, T. Volz, A. Krackhardt, M. Dandri-Petersen, U. Protzer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Cost-effective target sequencing panel for hepatocellular carcinoma mutational screening
Authors: V. Paradiso, A. Garofoli, N. Tosti, V. Perrina, M. Lanzafame, L. Quagliata, M. Matter, S. Wieland, M. Heim, S. Piscuoglio, C. Ng, L.M. Terracciano
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
P96Supramolecular hydrogel for local cardiac delivery of antimiR therapeutics
Authors: JEC Eding, M Vink, M H Bakker, D Versteeg, L Kooijman, PYW Dankers, E Van Rooij
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)

Introduction: Worldwide deaths from cardio -vascular disease ranks first among all causes of overall mortality.The study of new markers of growth of atherosclerotic plaque and damage opens up new opportunities to reduce acute coronary death.The purpose of the comparative analysis of levels of PAPP-A and IGF-I in the blood plasma in patients with acute coronary syndrome.Material and methods.The study included 71 patients with acute coronary artery disease, the average age of 57 years.The plasma was determined PAPP-A and IGF-I.The blood sampling was performed at admission.The control group of 20 healthy individuals.A comparison group of 40 patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease with stable forms.Results: PAPP-A infarction acute phase STEMI was the highest 27.75611.75and close to the mortality rate for 27.767.1.PAPP-A infarction acute phase non STEMI were slightly below 22.1267.69,but very significantly higher (p<0.05)than in patients with unstable angina-8.2263,16.Increased IGF-I in all cases of myocardial infarction.Nevertheless, compared with PAPP-A, IGF-I infarction acute phase STEMI was 156.53645.31lower than infarction acute phase non STEMI 172.28631.59and unstable angina.The highest concentration of IGF-I unstable angina 179.68644.09.The negative correlation between IGF-I and PAPP-A in the case of death from acute coronary insufficiency -the concentration of IGF-I is the lowest 126.06615.12,while the levels of PAPP-A the highest. Conclusion:The levels of PAPP-A, IGF-I was significantly higher in patients with acute coronary artery disease compared with healthy people and patients with hypertension and coronary heart disease (stable form).PAPP-A and IGF-I are presented as growth factors and damage to protein, and can be used as an analyzer of an atherosclerotic plaque instability of acute coronary events.
Efficacy Over Time With Drug-Eluting Stents in Saphenous Vein Graft Lesions
Authors: Roisin Colleran, Sebastian Kufner, Julinda Mehilli, Christian Rosenbeiger, Stefanie Schüpke, Petra Hoppmann, Michael Joner, Nader Mankerious, Massimiliano Fusaro, Salvatore Cassese, Mohamed Abdel-Wahab, Franz-Josef Neumann, Gert Richardt, Tareq Ibrahim, Heribert Schunkert, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz, Adnan Kastrati, Robert A Byrne
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Diagnostic accuracy of a two-stage model for detecting obstructive sleep apnoea in chronic tetraplegia
Authors: Marnie Graco, Rachel Schembri, Susan Cross, Chinnaya Thiyagarajan, Shirin Shafazand, Najib T Ayas, Mark S Nash, Viet H Vu, Warren R Ruehland, Ching Li Chai-Coetzer, Peter Rochford, Thomas Churchward, Sally E Green, David J Berlowitz
Journal: Thorax (2018)

Background Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is highly prevalent in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Polysomnography (PSG) is the gold-standard diagnostic test for OSA, however PSG is expensive and frequently inaccessible, especially in SCI. A two-stage model, incorporating a questionnaire followed by oximetry, has been found to accurately detect moderate to severe OSA (MS-OSA) in a non-disabled primary care population. This study investigated the accuracy of the two-stage model in chronic tetraplegia using both the original model and a modified version for tetraplegia. Methods An existing data set of 78 people with tetraplegia was used to modify the original two-stage model. Multivariable analysis identified significant risk factors for inclusion in a new tetraplegia-specific questionnaire. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses of the questionnaires and oximetry established thresholds for diagnosing MS-OSA. The accuracy of both models in diagnosing MS-OSA was prospectively evaluated in 100 participants with chronic tetraplegia across four international SCI units. Results Injury completeness, sleepiness, self-reported snoring and apnoeas were included in the modified questionnaire, which was highly predictive of MS-OSA (ROC area under the curve 0.87 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.95)). The 3% oxygen desaturation index was also highly predictive (0.93 (0.87–0.98)). The two-stage model with modified questionnaire had a sensitivity and specificity of 83% (66–93) and 88% (75–94) in the development group, and 77% (65–87) and 81% (68–90) in the validation group. Similar results were demonstrated with the original model. Conclusion Implementation of this simple alternative to full PSG could substantially increase the detection of OSA in patients with tetraplegia and improve access to treatments. Trial registration number Results, ACTRN12615000896572 (The Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry) and pre-results, NCT02176928 (clinicaltrials.gov).
P572Neutrophil activation and neutrophil extracellular traps in STEMI patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia
Authors: A Mangold, T Scherz, T Hofbauer, A Ondracek, D Simon, C Testori, F Sterz, I M Lang
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)

vivo (Sugen Hypoxia rat model).Importantly, 6-MP improved impaired cardiac function compared to control group.Conclusions: Our data indicate that Nur77 is a novel critical modulator in PAH through increasing BMP signalling while decreasing proliferation and inflammation.Therefore, activation of Nur77 via 6-MP might be useful for the treatment of PAH.
<i>Notes from the Field</i>: Identification of Tourists from Switzerland Exposed to Rabies Virus While Visiting the United States — January 2018
Authors: Emily G. Pieracci, Danielle Stanek, Daniel Koch, Katrin S. Kohl, Jesse D. Blanton, Terri Harder, Marian O’Brien, Hugo Leon, Pam Colarusso, Brittany Baker, Clive Brown, Kendra E. Stauffer, Brett W. Petersen, Ryan M. Wallace
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)