tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ambient air pollution in relation to diabetes and glucose-homoeostasis markers in China: a cross-sectional study with findings from the 33 Communities Chinese Health Study
Authors: Bo-Yi Yang, Zhengmin (Min) Qian, Shanshan Li, Gongbo Chen, Michael S Bloom, Michael Elliott, Kevin W Syberg, Joachim Heinrich, Iana Markevych, Si-Quan Wang, Da Chen, Huimin Ma, Duo-Hong Chen, Yimin Liu, Mika Komppula, Ari Leskinen, Kang-Kang Liu, Xiao-Wen Zeng, Li-Wen Hu, Yuming Guo, Guang-Hui Dong
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2018)

BackgroundHealth effects of air pollution on diabetes have been scarcely studied in developing countries. We aimed to explore the associations of long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) and gaseous pollutants with diabetes prevalence and glucose-homoeostasis markers in China.MethodsBetween April 1 and Dec 31, 2009, we recruited a total of 15 477 participants aged 18–74 years using a random number generator and a four-staged, stratified and cluster sampling strategy from a large cross-sectional study (the 33 Communities Chinese Health Study) from three cities in Liaoning province, northeastern China. Fasting and 2 h insulin and glucose concentrations and the homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index and β-cell function were used as glucose-homoeostasis markers. Diabetes was defined according to the American Diabetes Association's recommendations. We calculated exposure to air pollutants using data from monitoring stations (PM with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less [PM10], sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone) and a spatial statistical model (PM with an aerodynamic diameter of 1 μm or less [PM1] and 2·5 μm or less [PM2·5]). We used two-level logistic regression and linear regression analyses to assess associations between exposure and outcomes, controlling for confounders.FindingsAll the studied pollutants were significantly associated with increased diabetes prevalence (eg, the adjusted odds ratios associated with an increase in IQR for PM1, PM2·5, and PM10 were 1·13, 95% CI 1·04–1·22; 1·14, 1·03–1·25; and 1·20, 1·12–1·28, respectively). These air pollutants were also associated with higher concentrations of fasting glucose (0·04–0·09 mmol/L), 2 h glucose (0·10–0·19 mmol/L), and 2 h insulin (0·70–2·74 μU/L). No association was observed for the remaining biomarkers. Stratified analyses indicated greater effects on the individuals who were younger (<50 years) or overweight or obese.InterpretationLong-term exposure to air pollution was associated with increased risk of diabetes in a Chinese population, particularly in individuals who were younger or overweight or obese.FundingThe National Key Research and Development Program of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, the Guangdong Province Natural Science Foundation, the Career Development Fellowship of Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, and the Early Career Fellowship of Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.
Adoptive Transfer of IL13Rα2-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Creates a Pro-inflammatory Environment in Glioblastoma
Authors: Katarzyna C. Pituch, Jason Miska, Giedre Krenciute, Wojciech K. Panek, Gina Li, Tania Rodriguez-Cruz, Meijing Wu, Yu Han, Maciej S. Lesniak, Stephen Gottschalk, Irina V. Balyasnikova
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2018)

In order to fully harness the potential of immunotherapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells, pre-clinical studies must be conducted in immunocompetent animal models that closely mimic the immunosuppressive malignant glioma (MG) microenvironment. Thus, the goal of this project was to study the in vivo fate of T cells expressing CARs specific for the MG antigen IL13Rα2 (IL13Rα2-CARs) in immunocompetent MG models. Murine T cells expressing IL13Rα2-CARs with a CD28.ζ (IL13Rα2-CAR.CD28.ζ) or truncated signaling domain (IL13Rα2-CAR.Δ) were generated by retroviral transduction, and their effector function was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. IL13Rα2-CAR.CD28.ζ T cells' specificity toward IL13Rα2 was confirmed through cytokine production and cytolytic activity. In vivo, a single intratumoral injection of IL13Rα2-CAR.CD28.ζ T cells significantly extended the survival of IL13Rα2-expressing GL261 and SMA560 glioma-bearing mice; long-term survivors were resistant to re-challenge with IL13Rα2-negative and IL13Rα2-positive tumors. IL13Rα2-CAR.CD28.ζ T cells proliferated, produced cytokines (IFNγ, TNF-α), and promoted a phenotypically pro-inflammatory glioma microenvironment by inducing a significant increase in the number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and CD8α+ dendritic cells and a decrease in Ly6G+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Our data underline the significance of CAR T cell studies in immunocompetent hosts and further validate IL13Rα2-CAR T cells as an efficacious therapeutic strategy for MG.
Uterine Neoplasms, Version 1.2018, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology
Authors: Wui-Jin Koh, Nadeem R. Abu-Rustum, Sarah Bean, Kristin Bradley, Susana M. Campos, Kathleen R. Cho, Hye Sook Chon, Christina Chu, David Cohn, Marta Ann Crispens, Shari Damast, Oliver Dorigo, Patricia J. Eifel, Christine M. Fisher, Peter Frederick, David K. Gaffney, Suzanne George, Ernest Han, Susan Higgins, Warner K. Huh, John R. Lurain, Andrea Mariani, David Mutch, Christa Nagel, Larissa Nekhlyudov, Amanda Nickles Fader, Steven W. Remmenga, R. Kevin Reynolds, Todd Tillmanns, Stefanie Ueda, Emily Wyse, Catheryn M. Yashar, Nicole R. McMillian, Jillian L. Scavone
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2018)

Endometrial carcinoma is a malignant epithelial tumor that forms in the inner lining, or endometrium, of the uterus. Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologic malignancy. Approximately two-thirds of endometrial carcinoma cases are diagnosed with disease confined to the uterus. The complete NCCN Guidelines for Uterine Neoplasms provide recommendations for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of endometrial cancer and uterine sarcoma. This manuscript discusses guiding principles for the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of early-stage endometrial carcinoma as well as evidence for these recommendations.
Apoptosis and Clearance of Apoptotic Cells
Authors: Shigekazu Nagata
Journal: Annual Review of Immunology (2018)

The human body generates 10-100 billion cells every day, and the same number of cells die to maintain homeostasis in our body. Cells infected by bacteria or viruses also die. The cell death that occurs under physiological conditions mainly proceeds by apoptosis, which is a noninflammatory, or silent, process, while pathogen infection induces necroptosis or pyroptosis, which activates the immune system and causes inflammation. Dead cells generated by apoptosis are quickly engulfed by macrophages for degradation. Caspases are a large family of cysteine proteases that act in cascades. A cascade that leads to caspase 3 activation mediates apoptosis and is responsible for killing cells, recruiting macrophages, and presenting an "eat me" signal(s). When apoptotic cells are not efficiently engulfed by macrophages, they undergo secondary necrosis and release intracellular materials that represent a damage-associated molecular pattern, which may lead to a systemic lupus-like autoimmune disease.
Abstract 119: Circulating Oxidative Markers LOX-1 is an Independent Predictor for Survival to Hospital Discharge in Cardiac Arrest Patients
Authors: An-Yi Wang, Chien-Hua Huang, Min-Shan Tsai, Wei-Tien Chang, Wen-Jone Chen
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Purpose:  Oxidative stress during cardiac arrest increases cellular damage and correlates with survival and poor neurological outcome. The aim of the study was to investigate whether circulating oxidative stress biomarkers, including malondialdehyde-low density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) and serum lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) could be novel markers for cardiac arrest patients to predict survival outcome.   Methods and Results:  A total of 87 cardiac arrest patients with return of spontaneous circulation were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 73.2±14.3 years old and 38% (33/87) survived to hospital discharge. Serum LOX-1 level within 2 hours after cardiac arrest was higher in non-survival group than in survival group (median level, 2.92 ng/ml [IQR 1.76-4.82] vs. 2.17 ng/ml [IQR 1.47-2.88], p  There were 59 patients survived more than 24 hours. LOX-1 levels was significantly higher in non-survival group (median LOX-1 level, 2.45 ng/ml [IQR 1.24-4.28] vs. 1.70 ng/ml [IQR 1.20-2.30], p  The predictive capacity of area under the curve for LOX-1 at 2 hours and 24 hours for cardiac arrest were 0.63 (95% CI 0.51-0.75) and 0.67 (95% CI 0.52-0.81).  LOX-1 at 2nd hour was an independent predictor in a multivariate analysis (odds ratio, 2.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.18-4.43, p   Conclusion:  The LOX-1 levels within 2 hrs and 24 hrs after cardiac arrest are independent factors for in-hospital mortality. It can further improve prognosis prediction when adding to APACHE II score. Hence, LOX-1 could be a useful biomarker for mortality prediction in cardiac arrest.
Cholangioscopy-guided electrohydraulic lithotripsy of large bile duct stones through a percutaneous access device
Authors: Kilian Weigand, Arne Kandulski, Ina Zuber-Jerger, Martina Mueller, Holger Goessmann
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

We report a clinical case series of five patients with choledocholithiasis and anatomic abnormalities that made biliary access by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) impossible. In three patients, we were unsuccessful in accessing the biliary tract by single-balloon enteroscopy because of surgically altered anatomy with biliodigestive anastomosis. In two patients, a large diverticulum prevented intubation of the common bile duct. All of the patients presented with signs of cholestasis including elevated bilirubin levels. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans revealed one to three large stones in the main or intrahepatic bile duct. Different approaches for such patients have been described [1] [2] [3].
Abstract 19626: Cardio-renal Syndrome in Single Ventricle Patients
Authors: Scott I Aydin, Kristi Glotzbach, Amy Skversky, Daphne Hsu
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Cardio-renal syndrome (CRS) in single ventricle patients undergoing stage I or II palliation has not been described. CRS in other high-risk pediatric populations has been associated with greater risk of morbidity and mortality. We aim to describe CRS in single ventricle patients undergoing stage I or II palliation and their associations with clinical outcomes. Methods: Data was collected from the Pediatric Heart Network (PHN) Infant with Single Ventricle trial. Demographics, survival, and data pertaining to stage I and II palliations were obtained. CRS was determined for each patient based on the estimated creatinine clearance (eCCL) as follows; age 0-days to 12-months eCCL &lt; 40 ml/min/1.73m 2 and &gt; 12-months eCCL &lt; 90 ml/min/1.73m 2 . Descriptive statistics and univariate analyses using the student t-test, Mann-Whitney U, chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test were performed to determine the association between CRS and clinical outcomes as well as mortality, respectively. Results: Two hundred twenty-nine patients, with median age 6-days [4-7], underwent stage I palliation during the study period, of which 86 (38%) had CRS after their palliation. The most common diagnosis was hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) with 144 patients (63%) with 169 patients (74%) undergoing a Norwood procedure with a modified Blalock-Taussig (MBT) or Sano shunt. Of the 229 patients, 167 (73%), with median age 151-days [123-176], underwent stage II palliation during the study period, of which 60 (48%) had CRS after their palliation. Of the 60-patients, 25 (42%) also had CRS after their stage I palliation. Stage I palliation patients with CRS had significantly lower baseline eCCL as compared to patients with no CRS (36 vs. 56, p &lt; 0.001), as well as significantly longer ICU and hospital length of stays (14-days vs. 11-days, p &lt; 0.001 and 29-days vs. 11-days, p &lt; 0.001). Twenty patients (9%) died prior to stage II palliation; of the 20 patients, 14 patients (70%) had CRS. CRS was significantly associated with mortality prior to stage II palliation (odds ratio 2.6; 95% CI 1.03, 6.7; p = 0.03). Conclusion: CRS in single ventricle patients is common and associated with lower pre-operative eCCL, longer lengths of ICU and hospital stay, and mortality prior to stage II palliation.
Abstract 20598: Does High Heart Rate and Chronotropic Incompetence Predict Poor Outcomes Similarly in ICD Patients? Results From the INTRINSIC RV Trial
Authors: Rakesh Gopinathannair, Arjun Sharma, Paul Jones, Connor English, Stephen Furmanek, Brian Olshansky
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction:  Mean Intrinsic Heart Rate (MIHR) and the Heart Rate Score (HRS), defined as the percent of all atrial sensed and paced beats in the single largest 10 beats/min bin on a device histogram and a measure of chronotropic incompetence, predict survival in ICD populations but possibly by different mechanisms.   Hypothesis:  We sought to investigate if MIHR and HRS are independent predictors of outcomes in a large, prospective, ICD population.   Methods:  The INTRINSIC RV trial enrolled 1530 patients receiving dual chamber ICDs. This retrospective analysis involves all patients (n= 1471) for whom both MIHR and HRS were available. The relationship between baseline MIHR and HR score on the primary end point of all-cause mortality and heart failure (HF) hospitalization was assessed using multivariate regression and Cox modelling. As categorical variables, MIHR >70 bpm and a HRS >70% were considered high. Regression analyses were used to assess correlation between HR score and MIHR.   Results:  The median baseline MIHR and HRS were 74 (IQR=16) and 50% (IQR=20) respectively. HRS was associated with hypertension and coronary artery disease but not with gender, diabetes, beta-blocker use, or atrial pacing percentage whereas MIHR was associated with NYHA class but not with gender or beta-blocker use. Regression analysis showed baseline MIHR to be associated with HRS (p=0.01); for every 1 beats/min increase in MIHR, HRS increased by 0.018. A MIHR >70 bpm and HRS ≥70% predicted but were independently associated with the primary end point (HR 1.39; CI 95 : 1.10-1.76, p=0.005 for MIHR and 1.654; CI 95 : 1.111-2.461, p=0.01 for HRS).   Conclusions:  In this large, prospectively studied ICD population, high MIHR and high HRS predicted outcomes independent of each other. This is novel evidence that HRS, a marker of chronotropic incompetence, can be a unique predictor of death/hospitalization in ICD patients and deserves further study regarding underlying mechanisms.
A Phase II Trial of Eltrombopag in Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia (CMML) with Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Raphael Itzykson, Jérôme Lambert, Daniela Barbieri, Berengere Gruson, Sylvain Thepot, Thorsten Braun, Norbert Vey, Jacques Delaunay, Laurence Legros, Julie Lejeune, Rosa Sapena, Nathalie Droin, Francoise Porteu, Eric Solary, Pierre Fenaux
Journal: Blood (2017)
A rash that’s more than skin deep
Authors: Xinyi Chin, Daisy Kwai Lin Chan, Jin Ho Chong
Journal: BMJ (2018)

A 6 week old baby presented with petechiae and erythematous macules over the periorbital and perioral areas, spreading to the forehead and malar areas (fig 1). She had been delivered vaginally at 36 weeks' gestation and was small for gestational age, with no hepatosplenomegaly. Serology tests for toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex were negative. The baby had transient neonatal thrombocytopenia secondary to maternal chronic immune mediated thrombocytopenia (also known as immune thrombocytopenic purpura). Fig 1 Periorbital and perioral petechiae and erythematous macules Given the distribution of the rash and the mother's history of immune thrombocytopenia, an auto-antibody profile was performed. This showed positive speckled antinuclear antibodies titre >1/800 (normal range <1/100), positive anti-double stranded DNA antibody levels 65.11 IU (<25 IU), and presence of extractable nuclear antigen antibodies anti Ro/SSA, La/SSB, Sm, RNP, Scl70, and Jo-1, with index values of 5.8, 6.1, 5.2, 4.8, 4.0, and 4.7, respectively (<1.0). Complement levels were C3 0.42 g/L (0.51–1.60 g/L) and C4 <0.03 g/L (0.07–0.30 g/L). Full blood count showed a haemoglobin level of 8.7 g/dL (9.0-14.0 g/dL), total white blood cell count 10.74×109/L (5.00-15.00×109/L) and platelet count 144×109/L (150-450×109/L). Liver and renal function tests were normal. The child was well, and the lesions resolved by the time she was 6 months old (fig 2). Fig 2 Resolution of rash at 6 months, with dermal atrophy at the sides of the face (arrows)
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: Pregnancy in the Era of Stopping Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Ellin Berman, Brian J. Druker, Richard Burwick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

Article Tools REVIEW ARTICLE Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES Errata. May 20, 2018 ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2017.77.2574 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print February 15, 2018 PMID: 29447062 Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia: Pregnancy in the Era of Stopping Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy Ellin BermanxEllin BermanSearch for articles by this author, Brian J. DrukerxBrian J. DrukerSearch for articles by this author, and Richard BurwickxRichard BurwickSearch for articles by this author Show More Ellin Berman, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY; Brian J. Druker, Oregon Health and Science Center, Portland, OR; and Richard Burwick, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.77.2574 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables Supplements © 2018 by American Society of Clinical Oncology Errata Errata
Trends in Diabetes-Related Preventable Hospitalizations in the U.S., 2005–2014
Authors: Muni Rubens, Anshul Saxena, Venkataraghavan Ramamoorthy, Rohan Khera, Jonathan Hong, Emir Veledar, Khurram Nasir
Journal: Diabetes Care (2018)

Diabetes-related preventable hospitalizations are indicators of effective primary care services (1), but recent trends are unknown. Hence, we examined the trends in diabetes-related preventable hospitalizations to critically inform policy decisions seeking accountability.

The current study used National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS) data for assessing the trends in diabetes-related ;preventable hospitalization rates during the years 2005–2014. The NIS collected stratified samples of ∼20% of U.S. community hospital discharge data, which has been useful in calculating national estimates (2). The main outcomes included temporal trends in diabetes-related preventable hospitalization rates and associated conditions such as diabetes short-term complications, diabetes long-term complications, uncontrolled diabetes, lower-extremity amputations, and hospitalization costs. Yearly rates were calculated by dividing diabetes-related preventable hospitalizations and four diabetes-related Prevention Quality Indicators conditions by estimated number of adults aged ≥18 years with diagnosed diabetes obtained from National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) …
Let the Darkness In
Authors: Carol Snyder Halberstadt
Journal: JAMA (2018)

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冠動脈疾患におけるエゼチミブ/スタチンとスタチン単剤療法とのコレステロール吸収/合成を含むLDL-C低下に対する長期効果の比較;エスケープ現象に対する注目
Authors: Okada Kozo, Iwahashi Noriaki, Endo Tsutomu, Fukui Kazuki, Himeno Hideo, Kobayashi Shunichi, Shimizu Makoto, Shimizu Tomoaki, Morita Yukiko, Wada Atsushi, Mochida Yasuyuki, Sawada Reimin, Ishigami Tomoaki, Uchino Kazuaki, Kimura Kazuo, Umemura Satoshi
Journal: Circulation (2012)
A standardized framework for representation of ancestry data in genomics studies, with application to the NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog
Authors: Joannella Morales, Danielle Welter, Emily H. Bowler, Maria Cerezo, Laura W. Harris, Aoife C. McMahon, Peggy Hall, Heather A. Junkins, Annalisa Milano, Emma Hastings, Cinzia Malangone, Annalisa Buniello, Tony Burdett, Paul Flicek, Helen Parkinson, Fiona Cunningham, Lucia A. Hindorff, Jacqueline A. L. MacArthur
Journal: Genome biology (2018)

The accurate description of ancestry is essential to interpret, access, and integrate human genomics data, and to ensure that these benefit individuals from all ancestral backgrounds. However, there are no established guidelines for the representation of ancestry information. Here we describe a framework for the accurate and standardized description of sample ancestry, and validate it by application to the NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog. We confirm known biases and gaps in diversity, and find that African and Hispanic or Latin American ancestry populations contribute a disproportionately high number of associations. It is our hope that widespread adoption of this framework will lead to improved analysis, interpretation, and integration of human genomics data.
The sodium phosphate cotransporter family and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase contribute to the daily oscillation of plasma inorganic phosphate concentration
Authors: Atsumi Miyagawa, Sawako Tatsumi, Wako Takahama, Osamu Fujii, Kenta Nagamoto, Emi Kinoshita, Kengo Nomura, Kayo Ikuta, Toru Fujii, Ai Hanazaki, Ichiro Kaneko, Hiroko Segawa, Ken-ichi Miyamoto
Journal: Kidney International (2018)
Cancer Is Not (Only) a Senescence Problem
Authors: Frédéric Thomas, Fabrice Vavre, Tazzio Tissot, Marion Vittecoq, Mathieu Giraudeau, Florence Bernex, Dorothée Misse, François Renaud, Nynke Raven, Christa Beckmann, Rodrigo Hamede, Peter A. Biro, Beata Ujvari
Journal: Trends in cancer (2018)