tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Quantitative PET-MRI for early treatment response assessment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Authors: Martin Valera Consunji, Spencer Behr, Andrew H. Ko, Margaret A. Tempero, Pelin Cinar, Zhen J. Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

520 Background: There is an unmet need for improved non-invasive markers to assess early treatment response in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Assessing early treatment response using tumor size on anatomic imaging or serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) level is unreliable. In contrast, metabolic and functional imaging is a promising new tool that may differentiate responders from non-responders early on during therapy. Therefore, the objective of this pilot study was to explore the potential of integrated positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI) to provide imaging biomarkers of early (4 weeks post treatment initiation) response in patients with advanced PDAC. Methods: 13 patients with biopsy-proven locally advanced or metastatic PDAC underwent integrated 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET-MRI through the abdomen prior to, and again at 4 weeks post, treatment initiation. Patients also had computed tomography (CT) imaging of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis and serum CA19-9 levels measured, as per standard of care. Patients were classified as responders or non-responders according to RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors) on delayed CT, at 8-12 weeks interval post treatment initiation. Changes in metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) from PET, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from diffusion-weighted MRI at 4 weeks were compared between responders and non-responders. Results: Of the 13 patients, there were 7 responders (partial response by RECIST) and 6 non-responders (progressive or stable disease by RECIST). After 4 weeks of therapy, responders had a significantly greater decrease in MTV (p = 0.003) and TLG (p = 0.006) compared to non-responders. Responders also had a significantly greater increase in mean and minimum ADC (p = 0.004 and p = 0.024, respectively) compared to non-responders. Change in tumor size at 4 weeks was not significantly different between responders and non-responders (p = 0.11). Conclusions: Integrated PET-MRI can provide early assessment of treatment response in patients with advanced PDAC.
Droplet digital PCR quantitation of HBV cccDNA pool and transcriptional activity in long-term nucleos(t)ide analogue treated patients
Authors: A. Inchauspé, Maëlle Locatelli, F. Lebosse, A. Diederichs, A. Freydier-Berthet, A. Alam, K. Carter, L. Fraisse, M. Bourliere, K. Hamed, Cécile Challier, B. Testoni, F. Zoulim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Abstract 11148: Effects of Obstructive Sleep Apnea on In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Mahdi Khoshchehreh, Shaista Malik
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common chronic disorder characterized by repetitive episodes of apnea, resulting in intermittent asphyxia and arousal from sleep. OSA is associated with adverse medical outcomes, including amplified sympathetic activity and fluctuations in blood pressure and heart rate. Studies have shown higher prevalence and incidence of hypertension among patients with OSA. Patients with OSA had a higher incidence of cardiovascular events included stroke and myocardial infarction (MI). OSA is also linked to higher cardiovascular disease morbidity. Hypothesis: This study investigated the impact of OSA on in-hospital mortality in patients with MI. Methods: We used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, a publicly available database of inpatient care. We analyzed the mortality among MI victims with OSA compared to patients without OSA. Ultimately the care of over 840,000 patients with MI was analyzed for the primary endpoints. Analyses were adjusted for demographics, comorbid conditions, and hospital characteristics. Results: OSA patients constituted 3.47% of all patients with MI. OSA was more prevalent among patients with NSTEMI, compare to STEMI counterparts (3.84% vs 2.60% respectively). Logistic regression was used to estimate the overall probability of in-hospital death with adjustments for age, sex, race, Elixhauser comorbidities, primary payer, and hospital characteristics including location, teaching status, bed-size, and total admissions. The adjusted odd ratio of in-hospital death was 1.36 (95%CI: 1.17-1.59) and 1.03 (95%CI: 0.97-1.10) for STEMI and NSTEMI respectively. OSA was associated with longer hospital stay for both STEMI and NSTEMI. (Length of stay&gt;3 days OR: 1.85 (95%CI: 1.70-2.01) and 1.44 (95%CI: 1.38-1.49) respectively) Conclusions: OSA is associated with higher mortality, and lengthier hospitalization among patients with MI. Targeted interventions may improve outcomes in this group.
“People will die” as monsoon approaches Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh
Authors: Sophie Cousins
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Aid agencies are warning that a lack of funding to protect Rohingya refugees from the approaching monsoon season in Bangladesh could lead to catastrophic deaths from disease outbreaks, landslides, and flash flooding.

Nearly 700 000 Rohingya—mainly women and children—have fled to Bangladesh since last August to escape a military crackdown in neighbouring Myanmar, joining some 300 000 Rohingya who were already in the country. Most now live in refugee camps under tarpaulin tents in the Cox’s Bazar district, a small area in the southeast corner of Bangladesh, situated on steep hills that were previously forested.

The refugee camps are in a part of Bangladesh that records the highest rainfall and …
Establishing sheep as an experimental species to validate ultrasound-mediated blood-brain barrier opening for potential therapeutic interventions
Authors: Matthew Pelekanos, Gerhard Leinenga, Mostafa Odabaee, Maryam Odabaee, Siamak Saifzadeh, Roland Steck, Jürgen Götz
Journal: Theranostics (2018)

Rationale: Treating diseases of the brain such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) is challenging as the blood-brain barrier (BBB) effectively restricts access of a large number of potentially useful drugs.A potential solution to this problem is presented by therapeutic ultrasound, a novel treatment modality that can achieve transient BBB opening in species including rodents, facilitated by biologically inert microbubbles that are routinely used in a clinical setting for contrast enhancement.However, in translating rodent studies to the human brain, the presence of a thick cancellous skull that both absorbs and distorts ultrasound presents a challenge.A larger animal model that is more similar to humans is therefore required in order to establish a suitable protocol and to test devices.Here we investigated whether sheep provide such a model.Methods: In a stepwise manner, we used a total of 12 sheep to establish a sonication protocol using a spherically focused transducer.This was assisted by ex vivo simulations based on CT scans to establish suitable sonication parameters.BBB opening was assessed by Evans blue staining and a range of histological tests.Results: Here we demonstrate noninvasive microbubble-mediated BBB opening through the intact sheep skull.Our non-recovery protocol allowed for BBB opening at the base of the brain, and in areas relevant for AD, including the cortex and hippocampus.Linear time-shift invariant analysis and finite element analysis simulations were used to optimize the position of the transducer and to predict the acoustic pressure and location of the focus.Conclusion: Our study establishes sheep as a novel animal model for ultrasound-mediated BBB opening and highlights opportunities and challenges in using this model.Moreover, as sheep develop an AD-like pathology with aging, they represent a large animal model that could potentially complement the use of non-human primates.
Decreasing an Offloading Device’s Size and Offsetting Its Imposed Limb-Length Discrepancy Lead to Improved Comfort and Gait
Authors: Ryan T. Crews, Joseph Candela
Journal: Diabetes Care (2018)

Patient adherence is a challenge in offloading diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) with removable cast walkers (RCWs). The size and weight of an RCW, changes to gait, and imposed limb-length discrepancies may all discourage adherence. This study sought to determine whether RCW size and provision of a contralateral limb lift affected users' comfort and gait.
Alternatives to the Swan–Ganz catheter
Authors: Daniel De Backer, Jan Bakker, Maurizio Cecconi, Ludhmila Hajjar, Da Wei Liu, Suzanna Lobo, Xavier Monnet, Andrea Morelli, Sheila Neinan Myatra, Azriel Perel, Michael R. Pinsky, Bernd Saugel, Jean-Louis Teboul, Antoine Vieillard-Baron, Jean-Louis Vincent
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2018)
Modulating Surface Potential by Controlling the β Phase Content in Poly(vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene) Membranes Enhances Bone Regeneration
Authors: Chenguang Zhang, Wenwen Liu, Cen Cao, Fengyi Zhang, Qingming Tang, Siqin Ma, JiaJia Zhao, Li Hu, Yang Shen, Lili Chen
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2018)

Abstract Bioelectricity plays a vital role in living organisms. Although electrical stimulation is introduced in the field of bone regeneration, the concept of a dose–response relationship between surface potential and osteogenesis is not thoroughly studied. To optimize the osteogenic properties of different surface potentials, a flexible piezoelectric membrane, poly(vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene) [P(VDF‐TrFE)], is fabricated by annealing treatment to control its β phases. The surface potential and piezoelectric coefficients ( d 33 ) of the membranes can be regulated by increasing β phase contents. Compared with d 33 = 20 pC N −1 (surface potential = −78 mV) and unpolarized membranes, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) cultured on the d 33 = 10 pC N −1 (surface potential = −53 mV) membranes have better osteogenic properties. In vivo, d 33 = 10 pC N −1 membranes result in rapid bone regeneration and complete mature bone‐structure formation. BM‐MSCs on d 33 = 10 pC N −1 membranes have the lowest reactive oxygen species level and the highest mitochondrial membrane electric potential, implying that these membranes provide the best electrical qunantity for BM‐MSCs’ proliferation and energy metabolism. This study establishes an effective method to control the surface potential of P(VDF‐Trfe) membranes and highlights the importance of optimized electrical stimulation in bone regeneration.
Abstract 12563: Anatomical Situation Surrounding the Esophagus Affects the Prevalence of Transmural Thermal Injury After Pulmonary Vein Isolation
Authors: Takashi Kaneshiro, Hitoshi Suzuki, Yoshiyuki Matsumoto, Minoru Nodera, Masashi Kamioka, Yoshiyuki Kamiyama, Akiomi Yoshihisa, Yasuchika Takeishi
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Transmural thermal injury (TTI), such as esophageal erythema and periesophageal nerve injury leading to gastric hypomotility, is an important complication associated with pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Esophagus is surrounded with a small distance by left atrium (LA) posterior wall, descending aorta and left inferior PV (LIPV) in infero-posterior portion of LA. However, the predictor of this complication associated with anatomical situation among these structures has not been fully established. Methods: The consecutive 133 patients (61±9 years, 111 men) who underwent PVI for drug refractory atrial fibrillation and gastrointestinal endoscopy on the day following PVI were investigated. With echocardiography data, LA dimension and LA volume index in each patient were measured. We measured the angle of LA posterior wall to descending aorta (LA-Ao angle), the branching angle of LIPV to coronal plane (LIPV angle), and the minimum distance between descending aorta and LA posterior wall sandwiching esophagus with computed tomography. The relationships of TTI with clinical and anatomical parameters were examined. Results: All patients had left-sided or central location of esophagus, which overlay the posterior ablation line of left PV. Radiofrequency energy was delivered with a maximum output of 20 watts, and contact force was maintained between 10-20 g in left posterior ablation line. TTIs were occurred in 24 patients after PVI (erythema in 5 and gastric hypomotility in 19). The parameters including age, gender, body mass index, LA diameter and LA volume index in echocardiography were not associated with the prevalence of TTI. However, LIPV angle was larger (33.2±13.6 ° vs. 20.7±10.2 °, P&lt; 0.0001) and LA-Ao distance was shorter (4.3±1.4 mm vs. 6.2±2.4 mm, P= 0.0002) in TTI (+) group compared to TTI (-) group. LA-Ao angle tended to be smaller in TTI (+) group (25±10 degrees vs. 29±10 degrees, P= 0.08), and was significantly correlated with LA-Ao distance (R= 0.321, P= 0.0002). Conclusion: The anatomical proximity of LA posterior wall, LIPV and descending aorta surrounding esophagus is strongly associated with the prevalence of TTI.
Fibrosis involves increased fibroblast and hepatocyte collagen species, reflecting the interstitial and basement membrane matrix: Restoration of the local tissue milieu with FXR agonism
Authors: J. Roth, S. Veidal, R. Papazyan, K. Rigbolt, M. Feigh, M. Karsdal, D. Leeming, M. Young
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Multifactor risk evaluation in patients who have eradicated HCV infection: an interim analysis in the PITER cohort
Authors: L. Kondili, M.G. Quaranta, S. Rosato, M. Monti, B. Coco, R. Filomia, E. Biliotti, A. Iannone, A. Zanetto, S. Bruno, A. Giorgini, M. Loi, F. Baragli, C. Baiguera, M. Vinci, C. Eleonora, A. Ciaccio, R. Corsini, R. D’ambrosio, S. Labanca, M. Dallio, A. Orlandini, A. Ciancio, A.R. Buonomo, V. Guarnieri, V. Cossiga, M. Masarone, D. Ieluzzi, M. Cannizzaro, A. Soria, M. Siciliano, D.C. Amoruso, G. Brancaccio, L.E. Weimer, L. Ferrigno, M.E. Tosti, C. Estes, H. Razavi, V. Calvaruso
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Adaptation of S. cerevisiae to Fermented Food Environments Reveals Remarkable Genome Plasticity and the Footprints of Domestication
Authors: Jean-Luc Legras, Virginie Galeote, Frédéric Bigey, Carole Camarasa, Souhir Marsit, Thibault Nidelet, Isabelle Sanchez, Arnaud Couloux, Julie Guy, Ricardo Franco-Duarte, Marina Marcet-Houben, Toni Gabaldon, Dorit Schuller, José Paulo Sampaio, Sylvie Dequin
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2018)

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be found in the wild and is also frequently associated with human activities. Despite recent insights into the phylogeny of this species, much is still unknown about how evolutionary processes related to anthropogenic niches have shaped the genomes and phenotypes of S. cerevisiae. To address this question, we performed population-level sequencing of 82 S. cerevisiae strains from wine, flor, rum, dairy products, bakeries, and the natural environment (oak trees). These genomic data enabled us to delineate specific genetic groups corresponding to the different ecological niches and revealed high genome content variation across the groups. Most of these strains, compared with the reference genome, possessed additional genetic elements acquired by introgression or horizontal transfer, several of which were population-specific. In addition, several genomic regions in each population showed evidence of nonneutral evolution, as shown by high differentiation, or of selective sweeps including genes with key functions in these environments (e.g., amino acid transport for wine yeast). Linking genetics to lifestyle differences and metabolite traits has enabled us to elucidate the genetic basis of several niche-specific population traits, such as growth on galactose for cheese strains. These data indicate that yeast has been subjected to various divergent selective pressures depending on its niche, requiring the development of customized genomes for better survival in these environments. These striking genome dynamics associated with local adaptation and domestication reveal the remarkable plasticity of the S. cerevisiae genome, revealing this species to be an amazing complex of specialized populations.
Extensive Differential Splicing Underlies Phenotypically Plastic Aphid Morphs
Authors: Mary E Grantham, Jennifer A Brisson
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2018)

Phenotypic plasticity results in a diversity of phenotypes from a single genotype in response to environmental cues. To understand the molecular basis of phenotypic plasticity, studies have focused on differential gene expression levels between environmentally determined phenotypes. The extent of alternative splicing differences among environmentally determined phenotypes has largely been understudied. Here, we study alternative splicing differences among plastically produced morphs of the pea aphid using RNA-sequence data. Pea aphids express two separate polyphenisms (plasticity with discrete phenotypes): a wing polyphenism consisting of winged and wingless females and a reproduction polyphenism consisting of asexual and sexual females. We find that pea aphids alternatively splice 34% of their genes, a high percentage for invertebrates. We also find that there is extensive use of differential spliced events between genetically identical, polyphenic females. These differentially spliced events are enriched for exon skipping and mutually exclusive exon events that maintain the open reading frame, suggesting that polyphenic morphs use alternative splicing to produce phenotype-biased proteins. Many genes that are differentially spliced between polyphenic morphs have putative functions associated with their respective phenotypes. We find that the majority of differentially spliced genes is not differentially expressed genes. Our results provide a rich candidate gene list for future functional studies that would not have been previously considered based solely on gene expression studies, such as ensconsin in the reproductive polyphenism, and CAKI in the wing polyphenism. Overall, this study suggests an important role for alternative splicing in the expression of environmentally determined phenotypes.
What Is the Prevalence of Childhood Hypertension?
Authors: Stephen R. Daniels
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor type D (MrgD) antagonism produces splanchnic vasculature-specific effects, leading to a large reduction in portal pressure in cirrhotic animals
Authors: L. Gunarathne, A. Zulli, T. Qaradakhi, R. Smith, A.B. Tacey, P. Angus, C. Herath
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Autoantibodies against Huntingtin-interacting protein 1-related protein are superior to conventinal autoantibodies in diagnosing autoimmune hepatitis in adults
Authors: R. Taubert, N.T. Baerlecken, C. Lalanne, L. Muratori, M.P. Manns, T. Witte, E. Jaeckel
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Abstract 19758: Observational Study of Preoperative Risk Assessment in Renal Transplant Patients Using Serial Myocardial Perfusion Imaging
Authors: Aarthi Madhana kumar, Sourabh Prabhakar, Diane V Thompson, Sabiha Hussain, Indu G Poornima
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background:  The utility of periodically screening asymptomatic kidney transplantation candidates for myocardial ischemia, while on the transplant waiting list to reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), is uncertain. Among patients awaiting renal transplantation, we examined the likelihood and predictors of change on serial stress myocardial perfusion imaging (SMPI), and in the subset of patients that underwent transplantation, we examined downstream testing and cardiovascular outcomes.   Methods:  Consecutive patients undergoing SMPI on the renal transplantation waitlist were identified. The number of SMPI on each patient from 2003-2014 was reviewed. Change on serial MPI was characterized by evidence of new ischemia or infarction. MACE was assessed intraoperatively, within 1 month and at 1 year post-transplant. Coronary angiography and revascularization that occurred between the SMPI and transplant was also documented.   Results:  A total of 216 patients underwent SMPI as part of transplant evaluation (60% male; mean age 54±9 years; 83% hypertension, 46% diabetes, 17% prior coronary artery disease- CAD and 12% prior coronary revascularization). Mean time difference between SMPI studies was 2 years (60% >2 SMPI, 16% >5 SMPI) and 46/216 (21%) had change in SMPI. Prior CAD and diabetes were the only predictors of change on SMPI in a multivariable model that also included age and hypertension (chi-square: 43.6; p   Conclusions:  Change in serial MPI occurs primarily in diabetics and those with known CAD suggesting better yield of SMPI in this subset. Transplant recipients who have been managed based on serial MPI have good 1 year outcomes.
Gene Therapy in Patients with Transfusion-Dependent β-Thalassemia
Authors: Alexis A Thompson, Mark C Walters, Janet Kwiatkowski, John E J Rasko, Jean-Antoine Ribeil, Suradej Hongeng, Elisa Magrin, Gary J Schiller, Emmanuel Payen, Michaela Semeraro, Despina Moshous, Francois Lefrere, Hervé Puy, Philippe Bourget, Alessandra Magnani, Laure Caccavelli, Jean-Sébastien Diana, Felipe Suarez, Fabrice Monpoux, Valentine Brousse, Catherine Poirot, Chantal Brouzes, Jean-François Meritet, Corinne Pondarré, Yves Beuzard, Stany Chrétien, Thibaud Lefebvre, David T Teachey, Usanarat Anurathapan, P Joy Ho, Christof von Kalle, Morris Kletzel, Elliott Vichinsky, Sandeep Soni, Gabor Veres, Olivier Negre, Robert W Ross, David Davidson, Alexandria Petrusich, Laura Sandler, Mohammed Asmal, Olivier Hermine, Mariane De Montalembert, Salima Hacein-Bey-Abina, Stéphane Blanche, Philippe Leboulch, Marina Cavazzana
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Donor availability and transplantation-related risks limit the broad use of allogeneic hematopoietic-cell transplantation in patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia. After previously establishing that lentiviral transfer of a marked β-globin (βA-T87Q) gene could substitute for long-term red-cell transfusions in a patient with β-thalassemia, we wanted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of such gene therapy in patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia.