tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Bioinspired Pollen-Like Hierarchical Surface for Efficient Recognition of Target Cancer Cells
Authors: Wenshuo Wang, Gao Yang, Haijun Cui, Jingxin Meng, Shutao Wang, Lei Jiang
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2017)

The efficient recognition and isolation of rare cancer cells holds great promise for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In nature, pollens exploit spiky structures to realize recognition and adhesion to stigma. Herein, a bioinspired pollen-like hierarchical surface is developed by replicating the assembly of pollen grains, and efficient and specific recognition to target cancer cells is achieved. The pollen-like surface is fabricated by combining filtering-assisted assembly and soft lithography-based replication of pollen grains of wild chrysanthemum. After modification with a capture agent specific to cancer cells, the pollen-like surface enables the capture of target cancer cells with high efficiency and specificity. In addition, the pollen-like surface not only assures high viability of captured cells but also performs well in cell mixture system and at low cell density. This study represents a good example of constructing cell recognition biointerfaces inspired by pollen-stigma adhesion.
Depression Treatment and 1-Year Mortality After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kim G. Smolderen, Donna M. Buchanan, Kensey Gosch, Mary Whooley, Paul S. Chan, Viola Vaccarino, Susmita Parashar, Amit J. Shah, P. Michael Ho, John A. Spertus
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Depression among patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is prevalent and associated with an adverse quality of life and prognosis. Despite recommendations from some national organizations to screen for depression, it is unclear whether treatment of depression in patients with AMI is associated with better outcomes. We aimed to determine whether the prognosis of patients with treated versus untreated depression differs.The TRIUMPH study (Translational Research Investigating Underlying Disparities in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients' Health Status) is an observational multicenter cohort study that enrolled 4062 patients aged ≥18 years with AMI between April 11, 2005, and December 31, 2008, from 24 US hospitals. Research coordinators administered the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) during the index AMI admission. Depression was defined by a PHQ-9 score of ≥10. Depression was categorized as treated if there was documentation of a discharge diagnosis, medication prescribed for depression, or referral for counseling, and as untreated if none of these 3 criteria was documented in the medical records despite a PHQ score ≥10. One-year mortality was compared between patients with AMI having: (1) no depression (PHQ-9<10; reference); (2) treated depression; and (3) untreated depression adjusting for demographics, AMI severity, and clinical factors.Overall, 759 (18.7%) patients met PHQ-9 criteria for depression and 231 (30.4%) were treated. In comparison with 3303 patients without depression, the 231 patients with treated depression had 1-year mortality rates that were not different (6.1% versus 6.7%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.63-1.99). In contrast, the 528 patients with untreated depression had higher 1-year mortality in comparison with patients without depression (10.8% versus 6.1%; adjusted hazard ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.39-2.62).Although depression in patients with AMI is associated with increased long-term mortality, this association may be confined to patients with untreated depression.
Identification of risk factors leading to a late stage diagnosis in elderly melanoma patients.
Authors: Justin John Baker, Yana Wirengard, Lee Lucas, Heidi Wierman, Kathleen Fairfield
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e20063 Background: Among melanoma patients, prior reports show that groups with lower socioeconomic status (SES) may be diagnosed later. We sought to develop a fuller understanding of the characteristics associated with late stage melanoma at time of initial diagnosis using national data. Methods: We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database to identify patients aged 66+ with melanoma diagnosed between the years 2004-2009. We defined late stage as AJCC stage II or higher. We tested the associations of demographic and socioeconomic factors with late stage at diagnosis. Variables available by census tract only included education and income. Results: Among 36,706 cases of melanoma in the cohort, 5,307 were diagnosed late. Advancing age increased the likelihood of late stage diagnosis (21% of those over the age of 85 versus (vs) 12% of cases aged 65-69, p<0.0001). Blacks were most likely to have late stage diagnosis (46% vs other races 31% vs whites 15%, p<0.0001). Hispanics were more likely to be diagnosed late than non-Hispanics (22% vs 15%, p < 0.0001). Marital status was associated with late stage (24% of single/widowed vs 17% of married patients, p<0.0001). An increase in Charlson Comorbidity Index was associated with late stage (19% for a comorbidity score of 2 or more vs 13% for a score of 0, p<0.0001). Rural patients were more likely to be diagnosed late than urban patients (19% vs 15%, p <0.0001). Lower high school education rates in the census tract of residence, lower college degree rates and lower median household income were also associated with late stage at diagnosis (Table). Conclusions: We observed a disproportionate burden of late stage diagnosis of melanoma within demographic and socioeconomic groups. Additional research to determine which specific interventions will lead to an earlier diagnosis will be a necessary next step. Characteristic n (%) with Late Stage Diagnosis p value Census tract % < HS education <10% 10-20% >20% 1774 (12%) 1789 (15%) 1651 (19%) <0.0001 Census tract % college degree ≤20% 21-40% >40% 2073 (18%) 1738 (14%) 1403 (12%) <0.0001 Census tract median income ≤44035 44036-63677 >63677 2057 (17%) 1727 (15%) 1336 (12%) <0.0001
Ongoing vomiting in an infant
Authors: Neil Chanchlani, Fiona Davis, Kalyaan Devarajan
Journal: BMJ (2017)

#### What you need to know

A four week old infant is brought to see you by her mother who is concerned that her baby vomits after feeds several times a day. The baby is otherwise well, formula fed, and is thriving with no other symptoms.

Involuntary passage of a baby’s stomach contents back up the oesophagus is a common, normal physiological event. The infant might or might not regurgitate or vomit shortly after feeding, several times a day.1 This is known as gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR), and can be associated with feed refusal, crying, and back arching.2 As the lower oesophageal sphincter has not yet matured, milk refluxes through the opening into the oesophagus, causing discomfort for the infant (fig 1). GOR resolves without investigation or treatment.



Fig 1  Mechanism of gastro-oesophageal reflux



Consider gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) if symptoms of regurgitation interfere with the baby’s quality of life or cause complications, such as poor weight gain, difficulty in sleeping, and recurrent chest infections1.1

It can be difficult to distinguish between colic—excessive, frequent crying in a well baby—and GOR, GORD, or “fussy eating” because of the overlap of symptoms and the lack of useful investigations. In one Australian cohort study, GOR was reported by parents in almost a quarter of infants. Symptoms commenced in the first month of life in 50% of cases and resolved by six months for 75% of infants.2 In comparison, prevalence …
MECHANISMS OF ENDOTOXIN TOLERANCE
Authors: Sheldon E. Greisman, William E. Woodwards
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1965)

Bacterial endotoxins were administered by continuous intravenous infusions at constant rates to normal man and rabbits. An initial progressive febrile reaction was followed by progressive defervescence to baseline. The resulting pyrogenic refractory state was characterized as follows: (a) reticuloendothelial blockade with thorotrast neither prevented nor reversed its course; (b) passive transfer was unsuccessful with refractory phase plasma; (c) infusions of normal plasma or fresh whole blood failed to restore responsiveness; (d) a minimum of 4 hours of continuous endotoxin infusion was required for full development of unresponsiveness; (e) circulating antibody titers to endotoxin remained unaltered; (f) peripheral leukocytosis appeared; (g) infusion of febrile phase plasma reevoked an immediate, monophasic fever; (h) endotoxinemia could be demonstrated by pyrogen bioassay; (i) 10-fold increases in endotoxin infusion rates reevoked fever; (j) impaired responsiveness extended to heterologous endotoxins; (k) dermal inflammatory responses to endotoxin were suppressed in man while tuberculin reactivity remained unimpaired; dermal inflammatory responses to endotoxin were enhanced in rabbits; and (l) pyrogenic reactivity to endotoxin reappeared within 24 hours in man; refractoriness persisted in rabbits. It is concluded that the pyrogenic refractory state reflects an inability of the host to continue to mobilize endogenous pyrogen during sustained endotoxinemia. Such observations, together with previous studies, are consistent with two distinct immunologic mechanisms of resistance to endotoxin pyrogenicity: (a) desensitization at the cellular level; and (b) elaboration of circulating antibodies which assist reticuloendothelial clearance and destruction of endotoxin. Whereas both such mechanisms may contribute to pyrogenic tolerance, the characteristics of the pyrogenic refractory state suggest the participation only of the former.
Response to: ‘Don’t let kids play football’: a killer idea
Authors: Rachael Bullingham, Adam White, John Batten
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

In a recent  BJSM editorial, it was stated that ‘shutting down youth sports programmes’ is not the answer to injury concerns in contact sport, suggesting there may be unintended consequences, such as increasing sedentary behaviour.1 With physical inactivity a leading cause of mortality, concerns about decreasing participation in physical activity are justified. This issue has even been discussed in a previous editorial in the BJSM .2 There is no evidence, however, to suggest that collision sports (specifically) are necessary to combat sedentary lifestyles of youth. There also continues to be a distinct misunderstanding of what has been called for in regards to the banning of tackling in school rugby, which will now be clarified.

In March 2016, the Sport Collision Injury Collective called on the British Government to take action to remove the tackle from rugby in the school environment only. Four main reasons for removing the tackle from …
A rationale for early extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in patients with postinfarction ventricular septal rupture complicated by cardiogenic shock
Authors: Daniel Rob, Rudolf Špunda, Jaroslav Lindner, Vilém Rohn, Jan Kunstýř, Martin Balík, Jan Rulíšek, Petr Kopecký, Michal Lipš, Ondřej Šmíd, Tomáš Kovárník, František Mlejnský, Aleš Linhart, Jan Bělohlávek
Journal: European Journal of Heart Failure (2017)
Failure to deliver hepatitis B vaccine.
Journal: BMJ (1991)

vaccination.This is particularly important for those drug users who fail to make contact with drug services.General practitioners and prison medical officers could also have a valuable role in extending vaccination to drug users who are not in contact with drug services.The effect of hepatitis B vaccination on injecting behaviour and sexual risk taking behaviour has not been evaluated, but it probably helps reduce risk taking behaviour.Perhaps, by auditing the delivery of hepatitis B vaccination to drug users, we can lay the ground for future HIV vaccination programmes.Lessons learnt now may save valuable time later.
Adulterant or contaminant in MT-45, or coingestion?
Authors: L. Yip, J.-F. Deng
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2017)

We thank Helander et al for sharing their fascinating MT-45 (1-cyclohexyl-4-(1,2-diphenylethyl)piperazine) cases (Br J Dermatol 2016 Dec 14. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.15174. [Epub ahead of print]). MT-45 is a piperazine derivative and was investigated as an opioid analgesic in the 1970s. Laboratory studies suggest its pharmacology is complex and involves opioid receptors and non-opioid targets. MT-45 has emerged on the new psychoactive substances market where it is mostly sold on the Internet. The majority of reported clinical features of MT-45 are that associated with traditional opioids (e.g., reduced level of consciousness or coma, reduced respiratory effort, oxygen saturation or cyanosis, miosis, and hearing loss) and patients often present with decreased level of consciousness and respiratory depression that responded well to naloxone treatment.

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Breast surgeon is convicted of 20 counts of unlawful wounding and wounding with intent
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2017)

The rogue breast surgeon Ian Paterson, believed to have carried out negligent or unnecessary surgery on more than 1000 women, has been convicted of 17 counts of wounding with intent to cause grievous bodily harm and three counts of unlawful wounding.

Paterson, 59, who worked mainly at Solihull Hospital in the West Midlands, sobbed quietly as the verdicts were announced at Nottingham Crown Court and faces sentencing at the end of May. The maximum sentence for wounding with intent is life imprisonment.

The charges related to just 10 of his private patients, including one man. All underwent breast surgery that, prosecutors said, “no reasonable surgeon at the time would have considered …
Molecular characterization of bladder cancer in smokers versus non-smokers.
Authors: Monika Joshi, Sherri Z. Millis, Donald L. Lamm, Sandeep K. Reddy, Sheldon L. Holder, Nicholas J. Vogelzang, Joseph J. Drabick
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

4528 Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary tract and is 4thmost common cancer among men. It is estimated that by the end of 2015, the US will have approximately 74,000 new BC cases, accounting for 16,000 cancer related deaths. Smoking is considered an important risk factor for BC; recent data demonstrate an increase in BC incidence in non-smokers as well. Molecular characterization of BC in non-smokers has not been well studied. To the best of our knowledge, no retrospective or prospective study examining the correlation between smoking status (smokers vs non-smokers) and specific genetic alterations in BC has been published to date. Methods: 676 consecutive BC profiled at a CLIA certified laboratory were evaluated for differences in molecular characterization between smokers and non-smokers. Smoking status, patient characteristics, age, sex and survival data were collected on a subgroup; compilation of etiology is ongoing for additional patients. Results: 30 patients were confirmed lifetime nonsmokers (NS) and 39 were confirmed smokers or reformed smokers (R/S). Identified trends included differences in the PI3 kinase, WNT and EGFR pathways. Percentage of PIK3CA mutations was higher in NS (43%) vs. R/S (11%), whereas the WNT pathway aberration (CTNNB1 and APC mutations) occurred more frequently in R/S. EGFR amplification occurred in 22% NS and 11% in R/S, while HER2 was amplified only in R/S (23% vs. 0%, p = 0.05). Additionally, 3 of 8 R/S had an ALK 2p23 rearrangement, found in ~5% non-small cell lung cancers. TP53 did not differ between the populations. Survival data for 31 patients (14 NS, 17 R/S) showed overall average survival in the NS cohort was 175 days longer than in the R/S cohort. Conclusions: The difference in molecular biology between R/S and NS with BC suggests a different oncogenesis with potentially different treatment options. Increased incidence of PIK3CA mutations in NS may inform therapeutic options in this select group of BC patients with no smoking history. The results will need further verification in a larger group of BC patients in a prospective clinical study; more studies also need to be conducted to identify other mutational abnormalities between smokers vs. lifetime non-smokers.
Shared Goals and Clear Roles for Cardiovascular Team-Based Care
Authors: John E. Brush
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increase Cortical Perfusion in Renovascular Disease
Authors: Ahmed Saad, Allan B. Dietz, Sandra M.S. Herrmann, LaTonya J. Hickson, James F. Glockner, Michael A. McKusick, Sanjay Misra, Haraldur Bjarnason, Adam S. Armstrong, Dennis A. Gastineau, Lilach O. Lerman, Stephen C. Textor
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2017)

Atherosclerotic renovascular disease (RVD) reduces renal blood flow (RBF) and GFR and accelerates poststenotic kidney (STK) tissue injury. Preclinical studies indicate that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can stimulate angiogenesis and modify immune function in experimental RVD. We assessed the safety and efficacy of adding intra-arterial autologous adipose-derived MSCs into STK to standardized medical treatment in human subjects without revascularization. The intervention group ( n =14) received a single infusion of MSC (1.0 × 10 5 or 2.5 × 10 5 cells/kg; n =7 each) plus standardized medical treatment; the medical treatment only group ( n =14) included subjects matched for age, kidney function, and stenosis severity. We measured cortical and medullary volumes, perfusion, and RBF using multidetector computed tomography. We assessed tissue oxygenation by blood oxygen level–dependent MRI and GFR by iothalamate clearance. MSC infusions were well tolerated. Three months after infusion, cortical perfusion and RBF rose in the STK (151.8–185.5 ml/min, P =0.01); contralateral kidney RBF increased (212.7–271.8 ml/min, P =0.01); and STK renal hypoxia (percentage of the whole kidney with R2*&gt;30/s) decreased (12.1% [interquartile range, 3.3%–17.8%] to 6.8% [interquartile range, 1.8%–12.9%], P =0.04). No changes in RBF occurred in medical treatment only subjects. Single-kidney GFR remained stable after MSC but fell in the medical treatment only group (−3% versus −24%, P =0.04). This first-in-man dose-escalation study provides evidence of safety of intra-arterial infusion of autologous MSCs in patients with RVD. MSC infusion without main renal artery revascularization associated with increased renal tissue oxygenation and cortical blood flow.
Erratum: Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia/fibrosis: Comparison with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and BOOP (European Respiratory Journal (1998) 12 (1010-1019))
Authors: S. Nagai, M. Kitaichi, H. Itoh, K. Nishimura, T. Izumi, T. V. Colby
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (1999)
Mentor-mentee relationship in clinical microbiology
Authors: O. Opota, G. Greub
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2017)

BackgroundClinical microbiology is a field in constant evolution, with increasing technological opportunities and a growing emphasis on human and social issues. Maintaining knowledge and skills and anticipating future changes is challenging both for laboratory managers and for all the co-workers. Training and succession preparation represents a unique opportunity to adapt/prepare future generations according to the evolutions of the field.AimsThe aim of this review is to provide to clinical microbiologists a reflection on ongoing technological and social changes in their field and a deepening of the central role of preparing future generations to these changes through a fruitful mentor-mentee relationship.SourcesThis narrative review relies on selected publications addressing mentor-mentee interactions in various academic fields, on interview with our colleagues and pairs, as well as on our personal experience.ContentFrom the qualities and aspects that emerged as necessary for a productive mentor-mentee interaction, we selected and discuss five of them for the mentor: the role and responsibility, the positioning, the vision, the scientific credibility, and the moral credibility, as well as five for the mentee: creativity, flexibility, energy, responsibility, and self evaluation.ImplicationsThis review emphasizes the importance of both the scientific and the ethical credibility of the mentor and the mentee as well as the importance of human and social values such as solidarity, equality, equity, respectfulness, and empathy, and might support mentor and mentee in the field of clinical microbiology and also in the field of infectious disease in their intent for a fruitful interaction.
Final Results of a Randomized Phase 2 Trial Evaluating Lower-Dose Versus Higher-Dose Pomalidomide as Therapy for Corticosteroid-Refractory Chronic Gvhd
Authors: Lauren M. Curtis, David Venzon, Fran T. Hakim, Edward W. Cowen, Jennifer Hsu, Licia Masuch, Jacqueline W. Mays, Sandra A. Mitchell, Filip Pirsl, Iskra Pusic, Jeremy J. Rose, Zoya J. Kuzmina, Kristin Baird, Robert Peter Gale, Daniel H. Fowler, Ronald E. Gress, Steven Z. Pavletic
Journal: Blood (2016)