tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evidence for more cost-effective surveillance options for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and scrapie in Great Britain
Authors: Ben A Wall, Mark E Arnold, Devi Radia, Will Gilbert, Angel Ortiz-Pelaez, Katharina DC Stärk, Ed Van Klink, Javier Guitian
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2017)

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are an important public health concern. Since the emergence of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) during the 1980s and its link with human Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease, active surveillance has been a key element of the European Union’s TSE control strategy. Success of this strategy means that now, very few cases are detected compared with the number of animals tested. Refining surveillance strategies would enable resources to be redirected towards other public health priorities. Cost-effectiveness analysis was performed on several alternative strategies involving reducing the number of animals tested for BSE and scrapie in Great Britain and, for scrapie, varying the ratio of sheep sampled in the abattoir to fallen stock (which died on the farm). The most cost-effective strategy modelled for BSE involved reducing the proportion of fallen stock tested from 100% to 75%, producing a cost saving of ca GBP 700,000 per annum. If 50% of fallen stock were tested, a saving of ca GBP 1.4 million per annum could be achieved. However, these reductions are predicted to increase the period before surveillance can detect an outbreak. For scrapie, reducing the proportion of abattoir samples was the most cost-effective strategy modelled, with limited impact on surveillance effectiveness.
Carfilzomib or bortezomib in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (ENDEAVOR): an interim overall survival analysis of an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial
Authors: Meletios A Dimopoulos, Hartmut Goldschmidt, Ruben Niesvizky, Douglas Joshua, Wee-Joo Chng, Albert Oriol, Robert Z Orlowski, Heinz Ludwig, Thierry Facon, Roman Hajek, Katja Weisel, Vania Hungria, Leonard Minuk, Shibao Feng, Anita Zahlten-Kumeli, Amy S Kimball, Philippe Moreau
Journal: The Lancet Oncology (2017)
Steroids do not reduce lower respiratory symptoms in non-asthmatic adults, study finds
Authors: Susan Mayor
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Oral corticosteroids do not reduce the severity or duration of symptoms of acute lower respiratory tract infections in adults without asthma, a randomised study has reported,1 prompting the researchers to advise against using steroids in these patients.

“Chest infections are one of the most common problems in primary care and often treated inappropriately with antibiotics,” explained the lead author, Alistair Hay, professor of primary care at the University of Bristol, UK. “Corticosteroids, like prednisolone, are increasingly …
虚血性損傷後のPEG化フィブリンゲル内送達された間葉系幹細胞の治療評価【Powered by NICT】
Authors: M Ricles Laura, Hsieh Pei-Ling, Dana Nicholas, Rybalko Viktoriya, Kraynak Chelsea, P Farrar Roger, J Suggs Laura
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)
STARD for Abstracts: essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies in journal or conference abstracts
Authors: Jérémie F Cohen, Daniël A Korevaar, Constantine A Gatsonis, Paul P Glasziou, Lotty Hooft, David Moher, Johannes B Reitsma, Henrica CW de Vet, Patrick M Bossuyt
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Many abstracts of diagnostic accuracy studies are currently insufficiently informative. We extended the STARD (Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy) statement by developing a list of essential items that authors should consider when reporting diagnostic accuracy studies in journal or conference abstracts. After a literature review of published guidance for reporting biomedical studies, we identified 39 items potentially relevant to report in an abstract. We then selected essential items through a two round web based survey among the 85 members of the STARD Group, followed by discussions within an executive committee. Seventy three STARD Group members responded (86%), with 100% completion rate. STARD for Abstracts is a list of 11 quintessential items, to be reported in every abstract of a diagnostic accuracy study. We provide examples of complete reporting, and developed template text for writing informative abstracts.
Conservation and divergence of small RNA pathways and microRNAs in land plants
Authors: Chenjiang You, Jie Cui, Hui Wang, Xinping Qi, Li-Yaung Kuo, Hong Ma, Lei Gao, Beixin Mo, Xuemei Chen
Journal: Genome biology (2017)

As key regulators of gene expression in eukaryotes, small RNAs have been characterized in many seed plants, and pathways for their biogenesis, degradation, and action have been defined in model angiosperms. However, both small RNAs themselves and small RNA pathways are not well characterized in other land plants such as lycophytes and ferns, preventing a comprehensive evolutionary perspective on small RNAs in land plants. Using 25 representatives from major lineages of lycophytes and ferns, most of which lack sequenced genomes, we characterized small RNAs and small RNA pathways in these plants. We identified homologs of DICER-LIKE (DCL), ARGONAUTE (AGO), and other genes involved in small RNA pathways, predicted over 2600 conserved microRNA (miRNA) candidates, and performed phylogenetic analyses on small RNA pathways as well as miRNAs. Pathways underlying miRNA biogenesis, degradation, and activity were established in the common ancestor of land plants, but the 24-nucleotide siRNA pathway that guides DNA methylation is incomplete in sister species of seed plants, especially lycophytes. We show that the functional diversification of key gene families such as DCL and AGO as observed in angiosperms occurred early in land plants followed by parallel expansion of the AGO family in ferns and angiosperms. We uncovered a conserved AGO subfamily absent in angiosperms. Our phylogenetic analyses of miRNAs in bryophytes, lycophytes, ferns, and angiosperms refine the time-of-origin for conserved miRNA families as well as small RNA machinery in land plants.
Effect of resveratrol on Wnt signaling in hematopoietic cells
Authors: Laxmi Mantrawadi, Kestutis Planutis, Christopher Hope, Randall F. Holcombe
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

4593  Resveratrol, a stilbene found in grape skins and red wine inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in myeloid and lymphoid leukemia cell lines in vitro. Because signaling through the Wnt pathway is critical for normal hematopoiesis and has been implicated in leukemic transformation, we examined the effects of resveratrol on Wnt signaling in hematopoietic cell lines in vitro. Jurkat (T-cell), undifferentiated U937 (monocytic) and PMA-differentiated U937 (macrophage) cells were treated for 48 hours with resveratrol at concentrations of 10uM, 20uM and 50uM. Cell proliferation was measured using an MTT assay. Effects on the Wnt pathway were evaluated by measurement of total cellular β-catenin by Western blot, and intracellular localization of β-catenin by fluorescence and confocal immunohistochemistry, since nuclear localization indicates active Wnt signaling. Wnt pathway throughput was defined by a LEF/TCF reporter construct producing yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). In order to observe any negative regulation of the pathway by resveratrol, the latter experiments were performed with co-transfection of Wnt2 or β-catenin expression constructs. Resveratrol induced no change in proliferation of Jurkat and a modest decrease in U937 proliferation (to 63-67% of control; p
Exon III splicing of FGF receptor 1 is modulated by growth factors and cyclin D1
Authors: Marko Kornmann, Guowei Chen, Jian Wang, Zhanbing Liu
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

3605   Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) mRNA splice variants can modulate cell growth. While FGFR1-IIIc was shown to enhance pancreatic cancer cell growth, overexpression of FGFR1-IIIb inhibited the malignant phenotype of these cells. Nothing is presently known about the expression and the regulation of human FGFR1 Ig-domain III mRNA splice variants in pancreatic cancer cells. The aim of this study was to identify regulators modulating the specific expression of FGFR1-IIIb and FGFR1-IIIc. FGFR1-IIIb and -IIIc were co-expressed in human pancreatic cancer cells with FGFR1-IIIc being the predominant variant. FGFR1-IIIb mRNA expression decreased at higher cell density, while FGFR1-IIIc expression remained constant. IGF-I and EGF induced expression of FGFR1-IIIc without altering FGFR1-IIIb. In contrast, FGF-1, -2, and -5 induced FGFR1-IIIc and reduced the expression of FGFR1-IIIb. Overexpression of one variant did not alter the expression of the corresponding FGFR1-III variant. Inhibition of cyclin D1, known to be induced by IGF-I, EGF, and FGF-2 in PANC-1 cells, resulted in an inhibition of FGFR1-IIIc expression, while FGFR1-IIIb expression was enhanced. For the first time this study demonstrated that FGFR1-IIIb and -IIIc are co-expressed and that the FGFR1-III mRNA splice variants are differentially regulated by growth factors and cyclin D1.
バイオミメティクスポリドーパミン高分子コア‐シェルナノ構造によるトリプルネガティブ乳癌のための精密併用療法【Powered by NICT】
Authors: Ding Yanping, Su Shishuai, Zhang Ruirui, Shao Leihou, Zhang Yinlong, Wang Bin, Li Yiye, Chen Long, Yu Qun, Wu Yan, Nie Guangjun
Journal: Biomaterials (2017)
HIV‐1はシグナル伝達アダプターMAVSを阻害し,宿主のヘリカーゼDDX3による不完全なHIV‐1 RNAの感知後の抗ウイルス性の宿主防御を回避する
Authors: Gringhuis Sonja I, Hertoghs Nina, Kaptein Tanja M, Zijlstra‐Willems Esther M, Sarrami‐Fooroshani Ramin, Sprokholt Joris K, Van Teijlingen Nienke H, Kootstra Neeltje A, Booiman Thijs, Van Dort Karel A, Ribeiro Carla M S, Drewniak Agata, Geijtenbeek Teunis B H
Journal: Nature Immunology (2017)
Relationships between Spontaneous Tumors of the Lung and Cutaneous Tumors Induced with Ultraviolet Radiation in Strain a Mice
Authors: Harold F. Blum
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1944)

Relationships between Spontaneous Tumors of the Lung and Cutaneous Tumors Induced with Ultraviolet Radiation in Strain a Mice Get access Harold F. Blum Harold F. Blum formerly senior pharmacologist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 5, Issue 2, October 1944, Pages 89–97, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/5.2.89 Published: 01 October 1944
Splenic Ptosis Corrected through Videolaparoscopy in Patients with Gaucher Disease
Authors: Clarisse Lopes De Castro Lobo, Maria Tereza Machado De Paula, Mario Vitor F. Nogueira, Maria Christina Jorge Pereira, Renata Cravo, J. C. S. Azevedo, Rogerio Vivaldi, C. F. Cotta
Journal: Blood (2002)
High Levels of Small Dense LDL-Cholesterol can Predict Future Coronary Events in Male Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Nakamura Yuya, Koba Shinji, Sakai Koshiro, Yokota Yuya, Furuyama Fumiaki, Tsunoda Fumiyoshi, Shoji Makoto, Hirano Tsutomu, Kobayashi Youichi
Journal: Circulation (2016)
Neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions in children initiated on montelukast in real-life practice
Authors: Brigitte Benard, Valérie Bastien, Benjamin Vinet, Roger Yang, Maja Krajinovic, Francine M. Ducharme
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2017)

Although montelukast is generally well tolerated, postmarketing studies have reported serious neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions (ADRs) leading to a United States Food and Drug Administration warning. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of neuropsychiatric ADRs leading to discontinuation of montelukast in asthmatic children. We conducted a retrospective cohort study in children aged 1–17 years initiated on montelukast. In a nested cohort study, children initiated on montelukast as monotherapy or adjunct therapy to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) were matched to those initiated on ICS monotherapy. A non-leading parental interview served to ascertain the occurrence of any ADRs with any asthma medication, and circumstances related to, and evolution of, the event. Out of the 106 participants who initiated montelukast, most were male (58%), Caucasian (62%) with a median (interquartile range) age of 5 (3–8) years. The incidence (95% CI) of drug cessation due to neuropsychiatric ADRs was 16 (10–26)%, mostly occurring within 2 weeks. Most frequent ADRs were irritability, aggressiveness and sleep disturbances. The relative risk of neuropsychiatric ADRs associated with montelukast versus ICS was 12 (2–90). In the real-life setting, asthmatic children initiated on montelukast experienced a notable risk of neuropsychiatric ADRs leading to drug cessation, that is significantly higher than that associated with ICS.
The Relation of Medical School Teaching Methods to Student Performance on a Test of Cancer Knowledge&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Donald Ross Green, Ph.D., Leonard W. Towner, Ph.D.
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1959)

Twenty-eight 4-year medical schools completed a questionnaire indicating the number of hours their students spent in classes devoted entirely to cancer. The schools indicated the number of hours students spent: (1) listening to lectures, (2) participating in discussions, (3) doing laboratory work with tumors, (4) observing others work with patients, and (5) working with patients. For each of these methods, Cancer Knowledge Examination scores of students in schools reporting many or some hours of instruction were compared with scores of students in schools reporting few hours or no such instruction. An attempt was made to isolate the effects of each method from those of the other methods. The hours of instruction in the first 2 years were too scattered to permit interpretation of the differences in scores. Among juniors, higher scores were obtained by those having laboratory work and work with patients. The average for those having more than 7 hours of lectures was slightly higher than for those having less than 7 hours. Those who spent more than 10 hours watching others work with patients had lower scores than the students who spent less than 10 hours. For seniors, discussions, laboratory work, and working with patients were associated with higher scores, but listening and observing were not. The results of the senior students were the most reliable. It is suggested that these special courses helped students organize and integrate their knowledge about cancer. The approaches not well adapted to this purpose appeared inefficient.
Acute Kidney Injury in Patients on SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Propensity-Matched Analysis
Authors: Girish N. Nadkarni, Rocco Ferrandino, Alexander Chang, Aditya Surapaneni, Kinsuk Chauhan, Priti Poojary, Aparna Saha, Bart Ferket, Morgan E. Grams, Steven G. Coca
Journal: Diabetes Care (2017)

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are new medications that improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the Food and Drug Administration has issued alerts regarding increased acute kidney injury (AKI) risk with canagliflozin and dapagliflozin. We aimed to assess the real-world risk of AKI in new SGLT2 inhibitor users in two large health care utilization cohorts of patients with T2D.
Metal–carbenicillin framework-based nanoantibiotics with enhanced penetration and highly efficient inhibition of MRSA
Authors: Fei Duan, Xiaochen Feng, Yan Jin, Dawei Liu, Xinjian Yang, Guoqiang Zhou, Dandan Liu, Zhenhua Li, Xing-Jie Liang, Jinchao Zhang
Journal: Biomaterials (2017)
Acute Ocular Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Regine Braun, Ernst Holler
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

A 21-year-old man with refractory acute myeloid leukemia presented with itching and tearing in both eyes 1 month after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. A diagnosis of acute ocular graft-versus-host disease was made.
Abstract #22: Identification of a critical DNA-binding cysteine as a target for sulforaphane after UVB-induced AP-1 stimulation.
Authors: Sally Dickinson, Tania Melton, Timothy Bowden
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate derived from broccoli, has recently been shown to be effective in reducing UVB-induced non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in mice. Although the role of SFN in the activation of the phase II response is under close scrutiny, inhibition of the Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor by SFN may also be critical for the chemopreventive effects of this compound after UVB (Zhu et al., Mol. Carcinogen. vol 41, 2004). AP-1, a dimer of Jun/Jun or Jun/Fos family members, is activated by UVB stimulation in vitro and in vivo. Transgenic inhibition of AP-1 blocks UVB-induced NMSC in mice (Cooper et al., Mol. Cancer Res., vol 1, 2003). Although we have previously shown that SFN inhibits AP-1 luciferase in keratinocytes in culture, we now show that SFN is also effective in reducing UVB-induced AP-1 luciferase signals in the skin of reporter mice. In addition, SFN affects UVB-induced AP-1 DNA binding in the cell as demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Previous reports indicate that a specific cysteine in the DNA binding domain of cFos and cJun may be crucial for the response of AP-1 to redox regulation; this cysteine (a.a. 154 in Fos and 272 in Jun) must be in the reduced state in order for AP-1 to bind DNA. SFN is known to bind to cysteines, causing oxidation which could therefore block DNA binding. In fact, diamide, another cysteine oxidizing agent, is also effective at inhibiting AP-1 DNA binding in EMSA assays. To address whether this cysteine interacts with SFN to affect AP-1 DNA binding we created recombinant truncated forms of cFos and cJun (tFos and tJun) which contain only the beta-zip domain of each protein. The purified, renatured tFos/tJun dimers bind very efficiently to DNA as shown by EMSA assays, and are competed from binding to labeled oligos by pre-treatment with cold competitors, but not mutant competitors. These tFos/tJun dimers are also sensitive to SFN inhibition in a dose-dependant manner. Significantly, mutating the redox-sensitive cysteine of tFos and tJun to serine resulted in loss of sensitivity to inhibition by both SFN and diamide. This work is the first to pinpoint the redox-sensitive DNA binding cysteine of AP-1 as critical for the response of this transcription factor to SFN. The inhibition of AP-1 by SFN may therefore be a critical factor in the ability of this compound to inhibit NMSC and other cancers. This work was supported by P01 CA27502 and R25 CA78447.   Citation Information:  In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 22.
Tolerability and efficacy of lower dose of cabazitaxel (≤ 20mg/m2) in castration-refractory prostate cancer (CRPC).
Authors: Sarah Taylor, Santhanam Sundar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e16545 Background: The FDA approved dose of Cabazitaxel for CRPC is 25mg/m2. In the pivotal TROPIC trial, Cabazitaxel was highly active and overall well tolerated. But in TROPIC trial, grade 3 or higher adverse events such as neutropenia (82%), diarrhoea (6%) were noted along with febrile neutropenia (8%) in Cabazitaxel arm. Hence a lower starting dose is an option for elderly pts while awaiting the results of the PROSELICA trial comparing Cabazitaxel 20 mg/m² with 25 mg/m². Methods: In 46 consecutive CRPC pts treated at a single institution, we analysed the safety and efficacy of Cabazitaxel in pts whose starting dose was 20mg/m2 or less and compared the outcomes with contemporary pts whose starting dose was 25mg/m2. Results: A statistically significant proportion of pts were > 75 yrs in the lower dose group. The median age, performance status, baseline PSA and distribution of mets in two groups were comparable (TABLE). A statistically significant proportion of pts in standard dose group needed dose reductions. Interestingly, there was a non-significant trend towards more chemotherapy cycles (maximum cycles > 8) in lower dose group (p = 0.059). The PSA response rates and median survival rates were comparable. Conclusions: The lower dose of Cabazitaxel was well tolerated and retained significant efficacy. While awaiting the results of PROSELICA trial comparing Cabazitaxel at 20 mg/m² with 25 mg/m², reduced dose Cabazitaxel 20mg/ m2 should be considered as an option, when individualising palliative therapy in elderly CRPC pts who wants to avert or minimise the risk of significant toxicity. ≤ 20mg/m2 25mg/m2 TROPIC- Cabazitaxel Median age yrs(range) (p = 0.14) 76 yrs (52- 88) 70 yrs(53-85) 68 yrs (62-73) Age > 75yrs (p = 0.033) 61% 27% 18% Median PSA (range) (p = 0.90) 106 (4 to 2591) 195 (0 to 2301) 143.9 (51.1 to 416) PS : 0 or 1 (p = 0.745) 95% 90% 93% Bone mets (p = 0.95) Visceral mets (p = 0.14) 92.9% 14% 93.3% 33% 80% 25% Median no of cycles (range) 6 (1 to 21) 5 (2 to 9) 6 (3 to 10) Dose reductions (p = 0.016) 18% 53% N/A PSA 50% response (p = 0.266) 35.7% 33.3% 39% (34 to 45) Radiological benefit (p = 0.85) 18% 20% > 14% Median survival (mths)(p = 0.320) 12mths (8.3 - 15.7) 8mths (4.2 – 11.7) 15.1mths (14.2 -16.3) 1 year survival % 53% 26% Appx 68%
OP0087 Infliximab plus methotrexate inhibits structural damage, reduces sign and symptoms and improves disability in patients with active early rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: P Emery, R Maini, F Breedveld, J Smolen, J Kalden, D Van der Heijde, C Han, G Harriman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2001)

<h3>Background</h3> In the ATTRACT trial, 428 pts with active RA despite methotrexate (MTX) therapy received MTX alone or infliximab at 3 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg every 4 or 8 weeks along with MTX for 102 weeks. Since joint damage may progress rapidly early in the disease course, pts with early RA (disease duration &lt; = 3 yrs) were analysed. In this study, 82 of 428 pts (17 placebo, 19 in each of the 3 mg/kg infliximab group, 20 in the 10 mg/kg q8 group and 7 in the 10 mg/kg q4 group) had early RA. <h3>Objectives</h3> To determine prevention of structural damage, reduction in signs and symptoms and improvement in disability in pts with early RA after two years of treatment. <h3>Methods</h3> Structural damage was assessed using the Van der Heijde modification of the Sharp score (TSS). Radiographs of hands and feet were obtained at baseline, and after 30, 54 and 102 weeks. Two trained readers scored the films independently. The mean score of the two readers for each set of radiographs was used for further analysis. A clinical response was defined as an ACR 20 response at week 102. Disability was assessed by analysing patients? weighted mean change from baseline HAQ scores through week 102. The changes in TSS and HAQ score from baseline to week 102 were compared between the infliximab treatment groups and the placebo group by using analyses of variance of van der Waerden normal scores. The proportions of pts with a clinical response at week 102 were compared by using chi-square test. <h3>Results</h3> The change in TSS from baseline through week 102 was significantly lower in each infliximab dose regiments compared to placebo, as shown in the Table 1. The clinical response rate was 29% for the placebo group, 37% for the 3 mg/kg q8 group, 53% for the 3 mg/kg q4 group, 45% for the 10 mg/kg q8 group and 43% for the 10 mg/kg q4. The median improvement in HAQ was 0.2 for the placebo group, 0.2 for the 3 mg/kg q8 group, 0.5 for the 3 mg/kg q4 group, 0.4 for the 10 mg/kg q8 group and 0.5 for the 10 mg/kg q4. The results for clinical response and HAQ did not reach statistical significance. However, they are consistent with the results of overall study population. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Treatment through 102 weeks with any of the 4 infliximab regimens plus MTX, inhibits structural joint damage. Early intervention with infliximab in pts with active disease despite MTX may protect joints during the early, rapidly-progressive, destructive phase of the disease.