tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
BMA calls for tougher action on food industry to curb childhood obesity
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2017)

The BMA has urged the government to impose tougher rules on food companies to cut marketing of unhealthy food and drink to children.

The call came after Public Health England (PHE) announced that it would undertake the next stage of the government’s childhood obesity strategy by looking at why children eat too many calories. It will also set guidelines on children’s calorie consumption.

When the government’s long awaited childhood obesity plan for England was announced in August last year it was criticised by doctors’ leaders, dentists, local government, national charities, and campaign groups for being weak and watered down.12

Two key recommendations made …
The effects of BR-DIM (BioResponse 3, 3’-Diindolylmethane) administered pre-prostatectomy on the androgen receptor (AR).
Authors: Elisabeth I. Heath, Clara Hwang, Michael L. Cher, Lance K. Heilbrun, Isaac Powell, Mani Menon, Jing Li, Dhananjay Chitale, Nilesh Gupta, Seema Sethi, Susan Bolton, Daryn W. Smith, Fazlul H. Sarkar
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

1560 Background: Consumption of cruciferous vegetables is associated with decreased risk of prostate cancer (PCa). 3,3’-diindolylmethane (DIM), an in vivo active compound formed after consumption of cruciferous vegetables, down-regulates the AR, and causes its nuclear exclusion which results in in vitro growth arrest and apoptosis of PCa cells. We conducted a biomarker trial evaluating BR-DIM in pre-prostatectomy patients with the primary objective of measuring DIM levels in prostate tissue and in plasma. Methods: Patients with organ-confined PCa who were candidates for surgery were treated with BR-DIM at a dose of 225 mg orally twice daily for a minimum of 14 days. Patients did not receive any androgen deprivation therapy. Patients received their last dose of BR-DIM the day before surgery. Blood samples for DIM levels were collected pre-treatment and just prior to surgery. DIM concentration was measured in the plasma and in prostate tissue specimens using a validated high-performance liquid chromatographic method with tandem mass spectrometric detection. AR was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: 36 patients were treated at 2 institutions. The 26 evaluable patients had median age of 60 years (range 41 - 76), 14 were Caucasian, and 10 were African American. Reasons for inevaluability included change in surgery date (n=4), inadequate BR-DIM treatment (2), withdrawal from study (2), canceled surgery (1), and other (1). Toxicity was minimal; only two patients with grade 3 headache. Post dosing, DIM was found at a mean trough level of 10.2 ng/ml (range, 0.5 to 24.7) and 12.3 ng/gm of tissue (range, 0.0 to 26.8) in plasma and in prostate tissue, respectively. PSA levels had a slightly downward trend after BR-DIM treatment. In 18 of 20 evaluable PCa specimens, IHC showed nuclear exclusion of AR. Conclusions: BR-DIM was well tolerated, and DIM was detected in both plasma and prostate tissues at ~12 h post dosing. Nuclear exclusion of AR was found in 90% of PCa specimens post BR-DIM dosing, suggesting in vivo inactivation of AR activity. PSA levels were slightly reduced overall. Accrual is ongoing and nearly complete. Additional studies with BR-DIM in PCa are warranted.
オオムギ:6,000年前の栽培穀粒のゲノム解析がオオムギ栽培化の歴史を明らかにする
Authors: Mascher Martin, Himmelbach Axel, Schreiber Mona, Kilian Benjamin, Stein Nils, Schuenemann Verena J, Reiter Ella, Riehl Simone, Krause Johannes, Davidovich Uri, Marom Nimrod, Huebner Sariel, Korol Abraham, Fahima Tzion, David Michal, Weiss Ehud, Vohr Samuel H, Green Richard E, Dawson Ian K, Russell Joanne, Waugh Robbie, Muehlbauer Gary J
Journal: Nature Genetics (2016)
Don’t forget that facial petechiae may be a sign of physical abuse
Authors: Richard M Jones
Journal: BMJ (2017)

The Spot Diagnosis by Ota in Endgames describes facial purpura caused by emesis, which is described as a localised peri-orbital pinpoint rash in the figure legend online.1

Although the answer to the question posed in the print issue refers only to purpura, the discussion in the online version explains …
Impact of NCCN Risk Stratification and Minimal Residual Disease on Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Yue Lu, Tong Wu, Yan-Li Zhao, Xing-Yu Cao, De-Yan Liu, Jian-Ping Zhang, Min Xiong, Jia-Rui Zhou, Rui-Juan Sun, Zhi-Jie Wei, Hui Wang, Tong Wang, Hong-Xing Liu, Dao-Pei Lu
Journal: Blood (2016)
Dendritic cell and antigen dispersal landscapes regulate T cell immunity
Authors: Michael Y. Gerner, Kerry A. Casey, Wolfgang Kastenmuller, Ronald N. Germain
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2017)

Dendritic cell (DC) subsets with biased capacity for CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation are asymmetrically distributed in lymph nodes (LNs), but how this affects adaptive responses has not been extensively studied. Here we used quantitative imaging to examine the relationships among antigen dispersal, DC positioning, and T cell activation after protein immunization. Antigens rapidly drained into LNs and formed gradients extending from the lymphatic sinuses, with reduced abundance in the deep LN paracortex. Differential localization of DCs specialized for major histocompatibility complex I (MHC I) and MHC II presentation resulted in preferential activation of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells within distinct LN regions. Because MHC I–specialized DCs are positioned in regions with limited antigen delivery, modest reductions in antigen dose led to a substantially greater decline in CD8+ compared with CD4+ T cell activation, expansion, and clonal diversity. Thus, the collective action of antigen dispersal and DC positioning regulates the extent and quality of T cell immunity, with important implications for vaccine design.
The Hereditary Paraganglioma-Pheochromocytoma Syndrome: No Time to Waste—Reply
Authors: Naruhiko Ikoma, Dejka Araujo, Christina L. Roland
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
A first in human phase I study of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor MGCD516 in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Authors: Todd Michael Bauer, Douglas Adkins, Gary K. Schwartz, Theresa Louise Werner, Ajjai Shivaram Alva, David S. Hong, Richard D. Carvajal, Mansoor N. Saleh, Lyudmila Bazhenova, Sanjay Goel, Keith D. Eaton, Robert D. Siegel, Ding Wang, Richard C. Lauer, Saskia T.C. Neuteboom, Demiana Faltaos, Isan Chen, James Christensen, Richard C. Chao, Rebecca Suk Heist
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

2575 Background: MGCD516 is an oral, potent small molecule inhibitor of a closely related spectrum of RTKs including RET, TRK family, DDR2, MET, AXL and split RTKs (VEGFR, PDGFR and KIT). MGCD516 has demonstrated antitumor activity in nonclinical cancer models harboring genetic alterations of MGCD516 targets including rearrangement of RET or NTRK or CHR4q12 amplification. Methods: Study objectives include evaluation for safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and clinical activity of MGCD516 in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. Eligible pts received a single dose for PK profiling followed by continuous daily dosing (QD) in 21 day cycles. Results: 32 unselected pts (14 men/18 women; median age 62 years; range 27-85) with advanced solid tumors were treated in escalating dose cohorts of 10, 20, 40, 80, 110, 150 or 200mg MGCD516. At 80mg, 1 of 6 evaluable pts experienced a DLT (Grade 3 palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia). At 200mg, 3 DLTs were observed among 3 evaluable pts (intolerable Grade 2 neuropathy, fatigue and stomatitis in 1 pt each), demonstrating 200mg exceeded the MTD. Treatment-related AEs ( > 15% of pts; Grade1-3) included hypertension, fatigue, diarrhea, nausea and decreased appetite. One treatment-related Grade 4 AE (febrile neutropenia) was reported. Prolonged stable disease (SD) has been observed in multiple pts including 3 pts with at least 17 weeks SD and 1 pt with 35 weeks SD. Preliminary PK data show that exposure increased dose proportionally with doses up to 200mg. At 150mg, the Cavg and AUC0-24 values at steady state (90.7 ng/mL and 2.18 μg·h/mL, resp.) exceed plasma exposure projections required for inhibition of key RTK targets and antitumor efficacy in nonclinical tumor models. Preliminary clinical PD data indicate dose dependent inhibition of the VEGF and MET pathways. Conclusions: The Phase 1b dose for MGCD516 was established at 150mg QD. MGCD516 shows favorable PK characteristics, on-target PD effects and is associated primarily with constitutional or GI-related AEs. Phase 1b enrollment began November 2015. Pts with NSCLC or other solid tumors with specific genetic alterations in MGCD516 target RTK genes are being enrolled. Clinical trial information: NCT02219711.
Pain in elite athletes—neurophysiological, biomechanical and psychosocial considerations: a narrative review
Authors: Brian Hainline, Judith A Turner, J P Caneiro, Mike Stewart, G Lorimer Moseley
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Pain is a common problem among elite athletes and is frequently associated with sport injury. Both injury and pain interfere with peak performance. Pain management should be based on the physiological, anatomical and psychosocial influences on the individual’s pain and is not equivalent to injury management, which focuses on musculoskeletal recovery and return-to-play. This narrative review provides a foundation for understanding the differing causes and types of pain in elite athletes, thereby serving as a springboard for comprehensive pain management.
Comparison of indirubin concentrations in indigo naturalis ointment for psoriasis treatment: a randomized, double‐blind, dosage‐controlled trial
Authors: Y.‐K. Lin, L.‐C. See, Y.‐H. Huang, C.‐C. Chi, R.C.‐Y. Hui
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2017)

Indigo naturalis and its refined formulation, Lindioil, are effective in treating psoriatic symptoms topically. Indirubin is the active ingredient in indigo naturalis. To determine the efficacy and safety of different concentrations of indirubin in Lindioil ointment for treating psoriasis. In this randomized, double‐blind trial, adult patients presenting with chronic plaque psoriasis for > 1 year and with < 20% of the body surface area (BSA) affected were randomized to apply Lindioil ointment containing 200, 100, 50 or 10 μg g−1 of indirubin twice daily for 8 weeks followed by an additional 12‐week safety/extension period. The primary end point was the mean percentage change in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score along with the proportion of participants achieving 75% and 90% reductions in PASI scores (PASI 75 and PASI 90, respectively) from baseline to week 8. The results from week 8 revealed that the 200 μg g−1 group had the greatest reduction in PASI score [69·2%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 55·5–82·8], followed by the 100 μg g−1 group (63·1%, 95% CI 52·8–73·5), the 10 μg g−1 group (53·4%, 95% CI 42·8–64·0) and the 50 μg g−1 group (50·3%, 95% CI 37·4–63·2), with a between‐group comparison of P = 0·0445. The group with the highest proportion of the patients achieving PASI 75 (57%, P = 0·0474) and PASI 90 (30%, P = 0·0098) was the 200 μg g−1 group. No severe treatment‐related adverse events were reported during the 20‐week evaluation. An amount of 200 μg g−1 of indirubin in Lindioil ointment is the most effective concentration studied so far for treating psoriasis topically, and is safe.
AB0415 Tendency to choose first biologic agent therapy of rheumatoid arthritis in the elderly: results from japanese multicenter registry
Authors: T Watanabe, T Kojima, N Takahashi, S Asai, N Asai, T Matsumoto, Y Sobue, N Ishiguro
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Of the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), biologic agent therapies are chosen, if disease activity remains moderate or high despite csDMARDs therapy. In the elderly, with comorbidity and their less spare ability, safety is often concerned in the choice of biologic agent. <h3>Objectives</h3> We investigated the tendency to choose biologic agent and drug continuation rates in elderly in last decade. <h3>Methods</h3> Records of relevant patients with RA were collected from the Tsurumai Biologic Communication Registry, wherein the department of Nagoya University and 20 affiliated hospitals in Japan are enrolled. A total of 873 biologics-naïve and age 65 and older patients were recruited from January 2004 to December 2014. We studied the choice of the biologic agent year by, and baseline disease activity and concomitant methotrexate (MTX) among TNF inhibiters, tocilizumab (TCZ), and abatacept (ABT) groups. Drug continuation rates were compared among TNF inhibiters, TCZ, and ABT groups. <h3>Results</h3> From 2005 to 2010, etanercept (ETN) was used the most (2007; 73.5%, 2009; 65.9%). After the advent of ABT, ABT was used the most (2011; 44.3%, 2014; 38.8%). Baseline disease activity slightly decreased as a whole (DAS28-CRP; 4.88 to 4.44). Despite baseline disease activity of TNF inhibitors group decreased (DAS28-CRP; 4.88 to 4.37), that of TCZ group increased (DAS28-CRP; 4.94 to 6.24). In 2011–2014, baseline disease activity of TCZ group (5.85) was higher than that of TNF inhibiters group (5.11) (p&lt;0.05). Concomitant MTX rate and dose were lower in ABT group (40.2%, 7.6mg) than that of TNF inhibiters group (79.0%, 8.9mg). 2 years drug continuation rate due to all unfavorable causes; ABT group was 92.4%, better than that of TNF inhibitors 87.1% and TCZ 69.2% (p&lt;0.05). 2 years drug continuation rate due to adverse events; TCZ group was 80. 8%, lower than that of TNF inhibitors 94.6% and ABT 96.2% (p&lt;0.05). <h3>Conclusions</h3> ETN was used most before the advent of ABT. After the advent of ABT, ABT was used most and ETN decreased. This selection was made for speculation that ABT is lower risk than other biological agents. Baseline disease activity slightly decreased showing that tight control management became also popular among elderly. In 2011–2014, concomitant MTX rate and dose were lower in ABT group, but 2 years drug continuation rate was the highest. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Diseases of the Newborn. A Textbook for Students and Practitioners.
Journal: JAMA (1927)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Whole-body computed tomography versus conventional skeletal survey in patients with multiple myeloma: a study of the International Myeloma Working Group
Authors: J Hillengass, L A Moulopoulos, S Delorme, V Koutoulidis, J Mosebach, T Hielscher, M Drake, S V Rajkumar, B Oestergaard, N Abildgaard, M Hinge, T Plesner, Y Suehara, K Matsue, N Withofs, J Caers, A Waage, H Goldschmidt, M A Dimopoulos, S Lentzsch, B Durie, E Terpos
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2017)

Abstract For decades, conventional skeletal survey (CSS) has been the standard imaging technique for multiple myeloma (MM). However, recently whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) has been implemented into the diagnostic criteria of MM. This analysis compares sensitivity and prognostic significance of WBCT and CSS in patients with smoldering MM (SMM) and MM. Fifty-four of 212 patients (25.5%) had a negative CSS and a positive WBCT for osteolytic lesions ( P &lt;0.0001). Of 66 patients with SMM based on CSS, 12 (22.2%) had osteolytic lesions on WBCT. In comparison, WBCT failed to detect some bone destructions in the appendicular skeleton possibly due to limitations of the field of view. Presence of lytic bone lesions in WBCT was of borderline prognostic significance ( P =0.051) for SMM patients, with a median time to progression of 38 versus 82 months for those without bone destructions. In conclusion, WBCT identifies significantly more sites of bone destruction than CSS. More than 20% of patients with SMM according to CSS have in fact active MM detectable with WBCT. On the basis of this and other studies, WBCT (either computed tomography (CT) alone or as part of a positron emission tomography-CT protocol) should be considered the current standard for the detection of osteolytic lesions in MM.
Reed症候群疑い患者に偶発的に発見され,組織学的に限局性過形成(FNH)様あるいは類上皮血管腫(EHE)様の像を呈し病理診断に苦慮した肝腫瘤の1症例
Authors: 波多野まみ, 尾島英知, 久保田直人, 八木洋, 板野理, 北川雄光, 坂元亨宇
Journal: Liver Cancer (2016)
Public Response to a Proposed Field Trial of Genetically Engineered Mosquitoes in the United States
Authors: Cinnamon S. Bloss, Justin Stoler, Kimberly C. Brouwer, Matthew Bietz, Cynthia Cheung
Journal: JAMA (2017)

This study assesses public response to a proposed field trial in the United States of genetically engineered mosquito (OX513A) designed to suppress wild-type Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which can transmit diseases such as Zika, dengue, and chikungunya.
Outcomes of Early Adolescent Donor Hearts in Adult Transplant Recipients
Authors: Shivank Madan, Snehal R Patel, Peter Vlismas, Omar Saeed, Sandhya Murthy, Stephen Forest, William Jakobleff, Daniel Sims, Jacqueline M Lamour, Daphne T Hsu, Julia Shin, Daniel Goldstein, Ulrich P Jorde
Journal: JACC Heart Failure (2017)
Phase IB study to evaluate the safety of selinexor in combination with multiple standard chemotherapy agents in patients with advanced malignancies.
Authors: Aung Naing, Siqing Fu, Apostolia Maria Tsimberidou, Shubham Pant, Sarina Anne Piha-Paul, Filip Janku, David S. Hong, Rivka R. Colen, Brett W. Carter, Elizabeth Evans, Hussein Abdul-Hassan Tawbi, Daniel D. Karp, Vivek Subbiah, Rony Dev, Kenneth R. Hess, Naoto T. Ueno, George R. Simon, Michael J. Overman, Robert L. Coleman, Funda Meric-Bernstam
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

TPS2603 Background: Selinexor is a first-in-class, slowly reversible, Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compound that specifically blocks XPO1. Inhibition of XPO1 results in nuclear localization, accumulation, and reactivation of tumor suppressor proteins, therefore selectively inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, while largely sparing normal cells. This unique property of XPO1 inhibition has been deployed as a novel therapeutic strategy with success in several solid tumors and hematologic malignancy clinical trials. Preclinical studies have shown that SINE compounds behave synergistically to enhance cancer cell death with combined with different therapeutic agents. This Phase I trial is based on such preclinical evidence. The primary objective of the study is to establish the safety and tolerability of selinexor when given in combination with thirteen standard chemotherapy regimens. The secondary objectives are to determine disease control and progression-free survival of patients receiving selinexor administered with standard chemotherapy treatments in specific tumor subsets. Methods: Adult patients ≥ 18 years of age are eligible if they have histologically confirmed neoplasms (excluding hematological malignancies and brain tumors) that are refractory to established therapy known to provide clinical benefit for their condition. Patients are required to have either measurable disease (RECIST 1.1) or evaluable disease, and an ECOG performance status of 0-1. Enrollment is ongoing for dose escalation with the plan for dose expansion as follows: Clinical trial information: NCT02419495. [Table: see text]
Cancer patients who opt for alternative treatment at greater risk of death, study finds
Authors: Michael McCarthy
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Cancer patients who initially chose alternative medicine therapies as the sole treatment for their cancers were more than twice as likely to die compared with patients who chose to undergo conventional cancer treatment, a US study has found.1 The study was published by JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute .

In the study, Skyler B Johnson and colleagues, at the Yale School of Medicine, identified 281 patients from the US National Cancer Database from 2004 to 2013 with breast, prostate, lung, or …