tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Rates of Repeated Operation for Isolated Subdural Hematoma Among Older Adults
Authors: Jared Knopman, Thomas W. Link, Babak B. Navi, Santosh B. Murthy, Alexander E. Merkler, Hooman Kamel
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> Elderly patients who undergo surgery for an isolated nontraumatic subdural hematoma (SDH) are at major risk for SDH reaccumulation, which can cause further injury and disability. Few population-based studies have examined how often nontraumatic SDH reaccumulates and necessitates repeated operation. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine the rate of repeated operation after evacuation of nontraumatic SDH. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> In a cohort study, 2 parallel analyses were performed using data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP) from January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2015, and inpatient and outpatient claims data from a 5% nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries from January 1, 2009, to September 30, 2015. In both samples, our cohort comprised patients 65 years or older who underwent surgical evacuation of nontraumatic SDH. Data were analyzed from March 28 to April 13, 2018. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The outcome variable was repeated operation for SDH after the index operation. Survival analysis and Kaplan-Meier statistics were used to calculate cumulative rates. <h3>Results</h3> Among 2 831 274 cases submitted to the NSQIP registry, 515 patients 65 years or older (mean [SD] age, 76.9 [7.4] years; 177 [34.4%] women; 367 [71.3%] white) who underwent craniotomy or craniectomy for nontraumatic SDH were identified. Within 30 days after the index surgery, 37 patients underwent a repeated operation for SDH. The cumulative 30-day mortality rate was 13.8% (95% CI, 11.0%-17.1%), and the repeated operation rate was 7.8% (95% CI, 5.7%-10.7%). Among a cohort of 1 952 305 Medicare beneficiaries, 1534 patients (mean [SD] age, 77.7 [7.0] years; 498 [32.5%] women; 1244 [81.1%] white) who underwent evacuation of nontraumatic SDH were identified. A total of 103 patients underwent a repeated operation within 90 days. The cumulative 30-day mortality rate was 11.6% (95% CI, 10.1%-13.3%), and the repeated operation rate was 4.9% (95% CI, 3.9%-6.2%); the cumulative 90-day mortality rate was 17.6% (95% CI, 15.7%-19.6%), and the repeated operation rate was 7.5% (95% CI, 6.2%-9.0%). The study found no evidence of a significant difference in cumulative repeated operation rates at 90 days between patients whose index surgery was a burr-hole procedure for chronic SDH (11.7%; 95% CI, 6.3%-21.3%) vs a craniotomy or craniectomy (7.2%; 95% CI, 6.0%-8.8%) (<i>P</i> = .14 by the log-rank test). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In 2 large cohorts of US patients, approximately 5% to 10% of patients who underwent surgery for nontraumatic SDH were required to undergo repeated operation within 30 to 90 days. These results may inform the design of future prospective studies and trials and help practitioners calibrate their index of suspicion to ensure that patients are referred for timely surgical care.
Genetic and Modifiable Risk Factors Contributing to Cisplatin-induced Toxicities
Authors: Matthew R. Trendowski, Omar El Charif, Paul C. Dinh, Lois B. Travis, M. Eileen Dolan
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Effective administration of traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy is often limited by off-target toxicities. This clinical dilemma is epitomized by cisplatin, a platinating agent, which has potent antineoplastic activity due to its affinity for DNA and other intracellular nucleophiles. Despite its efficacy against many adult-onset and pediatric malignancies, cisplatin elicits multiple off-target toxicities that can not only severely impact a patient's quality of life but also lead to dose reductions or the selection of alternative therapies that can ultimately affect outcomes. Without an effective therapeutic measure by which to successfully mitigate many of these symptoms, there have been attempts to identify a priori those individuals who are more susceptible to developing these sequelae through studies of genetic and nongenetic risk factors. Older age is associated with cisplatin-induced ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. Traditional genome-wide association studies have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in ACYP2 and WFS1 associated with cisplatin-induced hearing loss. However, validating associations between specific genotypes and cisplatin-induced toxicities with enough stringency to warrant clinical application remains challenging. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge with regard to specific adverse sequelae following cisplatin-based therapy, with a focus on ototoxicity, neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, myelosuppression, and nausea/emesis. We discuss variables (genetic and nongenetic) contributing to these detrimental toxicities and currently available means to prevent or treat their occurrence.
GW29-e0886 The Safety And Efficacy of Bioabsorbable Stent and Everolimus Eluting Stent:Evidence From Observational Studies
Authors: Yubo Liang, None xin lin, Qianqiu Che, Runmin Sun, Junli Ma, Hao Hu, Shougang Sun, Qiang Wu, Guangli Xu, Qiongying Wang, Jing Yu, Feng Bai
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Estimating the cost of vaccine development against epidemic infectious diseases: a cost minimisation study
Authors: Dimitrios Gouglas, Tung Thanh Le, Klara Henderson, Aristidis Kaloudis, Trygve Danielsen, Nicholas Caspersen Hammersland, James M Robinson, Penny M Heaton, John-Arne Røttingen
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2018)
18F-FDG, 68Ga-DOTATATE and 68Ga-PSMA Positive Metastatic Large Cell Neuroendocrine Prostate Tumor
Authors: Emine Acar, Gamze Çapa Kaya
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

Prostate large cell neuroendocrine tumor is a rare disease. In this case, metastatic areas showing FDG uptake, somatostatin receptor positivity, and PSMA expression are shown in F-FDG PET/CT, Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT, and Ga-PSMA PET/CT in a 70-year-old man with the diagnosis of prostate large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.
Abstract #4592: Determining the toxicity and IC 50 of nano-albumin bound paclitaxel and bevacizumab in metastatic human head and neck cancer cell lines.
Authors: Sherjeel Sana, Ji-Ming Cheng, Sophia Ran, Krishna Rao
Journal: Cancer Research (2009)

Introduction: Nano-albumin bound (nab) paclitaxel achieves higher intratumoral drug concentrations, with potential mechanisms including selective tumor vessel permeability, albumin-receptor-mediated transport, and increased cell permeability. The anti-vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) antibody bevacizumab is known to enhance antitumor activity of cytotoxic drugs. Nab-paclitaxel has been recently approved for metastatic breast cancer by FDA and has shown promising results in ovarian and thoracic tumors. This study aimed at evaluating the toxic effects and determining the IC 50 of nab-paclitaxel alone and in combination with bevacizumab on metastatic human head and neck cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods: Cells were seeded in to 24 well plate with approximately 50,000 cells/500ul of media in each well plate for 8-12 hours. Cells were treated with cisplatin (64nM to 1uM) and with nab-paclitaxel alone (1.56 to 75 nM). Control wells received an equal volume of growth medium. After 72 hours, cells were dislodged by 0.2% EDTA-saline solution with trypsin, and viable cells were enumerated using the trypan blue exclusion method. Each experimental condition was tested in duplicate and reproduced in two separate experiments. The results are presented as percent of viable cells ± SD of the mean cell number in control wells. UMSCC10b and UMSCC10b/15s has been extensively characterized as cisplatin sensitive and resistant cell lines in vitro and in vivo in prior studies, respectively. We acquired these cell lines from Dr Howell. Cells were cultured at 37°C in an incubator with 5% CO2 in humidified air using RPMI 1640 media with 10% fetal bovine serum. Tumor cells were harvested and passaged by washing with PBS, followed by 5 minutes of exposure to EDTA (0.2 mM)/trypsin diluted in PBS. Results: We examined the survival of both cell lines with cisplatin and nab-paclitaxel alone. Exposure to cisplatin resulted in 50% of UMSCC10b and UMSCC10b/15s killing at 285 nM and 1 uM, While with nab-paclitaxel IC50 was reached at 4-5 nM and 9-10 nM, respectively. Conclusion: Our data showed that nab-paclitaxel has comparable antiproliferative activity to both cisplatin resistant and cisplatin sensitive head and neck cancer cell lines. We are currently exploring the synergistic effect of nab-paclitaxel in combination with bevacizumab.  Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 4592.
Outcomes Associated With Apixaban Use in Patients With End-Stage Kidney Disease and Atrial Fibrillation in the United States
Authors: Konstantinos C. Siontis, Xiaosong Zhang, Ashley Eckard, Nicole Bhave, Douglas E. Schaubel, Kevin He, Anca Tilea, Austin G. Stack, Rajesh Balkrishnan, Xiaoxi Yao, Peter A. Noseworthy, Nilay D. Shah, Rajiv Saran, Brahmajee K. Nallamothu
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Background: Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on dialysis were excluded from clinical trials of direct oral anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation (AF). Recent data have raised concerns regarding the safety of dabigatran and rivaroxaban, but apixaban has not been evaluated despite current labeling supporting its use in this population. The goal of this study was to determine patterns of apixaban use and its associated outcomes in dialysis-dependent patients with ESKD and AF. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries included in the United States Renal Data System (October 2010 to December 2015). Eligible patients were those with ESKD and AF undergoing dialysis who initiated treatment with an oral anticoagulant. Because of the small number of dabigatran and rivaroxaban users, outcomes were only assessed in patients treated with apixaban or warfarin. Apixaban and warfarin patients were matched (1:3) based on prognostic score. Differences between groups in survival free of stroke or systemic embolism, major bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, intracranial bleeding, and death were assessed using Kaplan–Meier analyses. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were derived from Cox regression analyses. Results: The study population consisted of 25 523 patients (45.7% women; 68.2±11.9 years of age), including 2351 patients on apixaban and 23 172 patients on warfarin. An annual increase in apixaban prescriptions was observed after its marketing approval at the end of 2012, such that 26.6% of new anticoagulant prescriptions in 2015 were for apixaban. In matched cohorts, there was no difference in the risks of stroke/systemic embolism between apixaban and warfarin (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.69–1.12; P =0.29), but apixaban was associated with a significantly lower risk of major bleeding (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.59–0.87; P &lt;0.001). In sensitivity analyses, standard-dose apixaban (5 mg twice a day; n=1034) was associated with significantly lower risks of stroke/systemic embolism and death as compared with either reduced-dose apixaban (2.5 mg twice a day; n=1317; HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.37–0.98; P =0.04 for stroke/systemic embolism; HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.45–0.92; P =0.01 for death) or warfarin (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.42–0.97; P =0.04 for stroke/systemic embolism; HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.46–0.85; P =0.003 for death). Conclusions: Among patients with ESKD and AF on dialysis, apixaban use may be associated with a lower risk of major bleeding compared with warfarin, with a standard 5 mg twice a day dose also associated with reductions in thromboembolic and mortality risk.
Estimating the Risk of Attempted Suicide Among Sexual Minority Youths
Authors: Ester di Giacomo, Micheal Krausz, Fabrizia Colmegna, Flora Aspesi, Massimo Clerici
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> Suicide is the second-leading cause of death among adolescents. Sexual minority individuals are at a higher risk of suicide and attempted suicide, but a precise and systematic evaluation of this risk among sexual minority youths has not been documented to our knowledge. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the risk of attempted suicide among sexual minority adolescents, differentiating for each sexual minority group. <h3>Data Sources</h3> Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO) were searched for articles published through April 30, 2017, with the following search terms:<i>heterosexual</i>,<i>homosexual</i>,<i>bisexual</i>,<i>transgender</i>,<i>adolescents</i>,<i>teens,</i>and<i>attempted suicide</i>. <h3>Study Selection</h3> Studies that reported attempted suicide in sexual minority adolescents compared with heterosexual peers were included. Thirty-five studies satisfied criteria for inclusion of 764 records identified. <h3>Data Extraction and Synthesis</h3> Pooled analyses were based on odds ratios (ORs), with relevant 95% CIs, weighting each study with inverse variance models with random effects. Risk of publication bias and analysis of heterogeneity through univariable and multivariable meta-regressions were also rated. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The evaluation of increased odds of attempted suicide among sexual minority youths compared with heterosexual peers. <h3>Results</h3> Thirty-five studies reported in 22 articles that involved a total of 2 378 987 heterosexual and 113 468 sexual minority adolescents (age range, 12-20 years) were included in the analysis. Sexual minority youths were generally at higher risk of attempted suicide (OR, 3.50; 95% CI, 2.98-4.12;<i>c</i><sup>2</sup> = 3074.01;<i>P</i> &lt; .001;<i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 99%). If estimated in each sexual minority group, the OR was 3.71 in the homosexual group (95% CI, 3.15-4.37;<i>c</i><sup>2</sup> = 825.20;<i>P</i> &lt; .001;<i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 97%) and 4.87 in the bisexual group (95% CI, 4.76-4.98;<i>c</i><sup>2</sup> = 980.02;<i>P</i> &lt; .001;<i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 98%); transgender youths were described as an individual group in only 1 study, which reported an OR of 5.87 (95% CI, 3.51-9.82). Meta-regressions weighted for the study weight highlighted that the presence of young participants (12 years old) was associated with heterogeneity in the bisexual group, whereas the year of sampling was associated with heterogeneity in the whole group when combined with other covariates. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Our findings suggest that youths with nonheterosexual identity have a significantly higher risk of life-threatening behavior compared with their heterosexual peers. Public awareness is important, and a careful evaluation of supportive strategies (eg, support programs, counseling, and destigmatizing efforts) should be part of education and public health planning.
Methotrexate activated Tregs via the CD73/AMPK/mTOR pathway
Authors: K. Yan, W. Xu, Y. Huang, Z. Zhang, Q. Huang, K.Z. Xin, Y. Ma, L. Han
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Psoriasis is a common skin disease that affects about 2% to 3% of people. The cause is unknown and believed to involve the genes and immune system, and the treatments we use now can control psoriasis but do not cure it. This study, from China, aimed to find out the effect and mechanism (way of working) of a drug called methotrexate on cells called regulatory T cells, which have the power to fight back and calm down the skin, as well as its relationship with the pathway of a chemical in the body called adenosine, which is a target in psoriasis therapy. Regulatory T cells (and effector T cells, which can trigger psoriasis) were isolated from the blood of healthy people and patients with psoriasis. Various laboratory tests were used to examine the effect of methotrexate on the adenosine pathway. The authors found that psoriasis patients have regulatory T cells with decreased function, meaning they do not work so well, and reduced CD73 level, which was the starting section of adenosine pathway. Furthermore, methotrexate could restore the immunosuppressive function of regulatory T cells by affecting part of the adenosine pathway, including increasing CD73 expression and regulating its related signal pathway. In conclusion, the study deepens doctors' and patients' understanding of methotrexate in the treatment of psoriasis, and contributes to our understanding of psoriasis.
Expression of Concern: Beltrami AP et al. Evidence That Human Cardiac Myocytes Divide after Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1750-7 and Quaini F et al. Chimerism of the Transplanted Heart. N Engl J Med 2002;346:5-15.
Authors: Jeffrey M. Drazen
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Editorial from The New England Journal of Medicine — Expression of Concern: Beltrami AP et al. Evidence That Human Cardiac Myocytes Divide after Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1750-7 and Quaini F et al. Chimerism of the Transplanted Heart. N Engl J Med 2002;346:5-15.
Shorter Time to Defibrillation in Pediatric CPR
Authors: Alexis Topjian
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2018)

Elizabeth A. Hunt, MD, MPH, PhD; Jordan M. Duval-Arnould, MPH, DrPH; Melania M. Bembea, MD, MPH, PhD; Tia Raymond, MD; Aaron Calhoun, MD; Dianne L. Atkins, MD; Robert A. Berg, MD; Vinay M. Nadkarni, MD, MS; Michael Donnino, MD; Lars W. Andersen, MD, MPH, PhD; for the American Heart Association's Get With The Guidelines–Resuscitation Investigators
Magnetic resonance imaging in oesophageal (oes) cancer: Results from the STO3 MRI substudy
Authors: M. Davidson, M. Nankivell, D. Cunningham, N. Starling, D.-M. Koh, G. Brown, W. Allum, A. Wotherspoon, E. Smyth, L. Ly, N. Kleovoulou, R. Langley, A. Riddell
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Frightening and Traumatic Memories Early after Intensive Care Discharge
Authors: Sarah Train, Kalliopi Kydonaki, Janice Rattray, Jacqueline Stephen, Christopher J. Weir, Timothy S. Walsh
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2018)

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Sex and body-mass index specific percentiles for neck and waist circumference in the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health: ELSA Brasil
Authors: Cristina P Baena, Bruno Moura, Alessandra Carvalho Goulart, Paulo Andrade Lotufo, Itamar de Souza Santos, Isabela M Benseñor
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Waist circumference (WC) and neck circumference (NC) have been linked with higher cardiovascular risk, which cannot be explained only by the association with higher BMI. Therefore, the distributions of predicted neck circumference and waist circumference values according to BMI may be a useful measurement of fat distribution. Aim: To describe percentiles for WC and NC according to BMI and stratified by sex in a large non-clinical based sample of middle-aged Brazilians. Methods: From the 15105 participants from ELSA-Brasil, 15085 partcipants with complete data were included in this analysis. Height and weight were measured using a standardized scale, and BMI was calculated by dividing body weight with the squared height in meters (kg/m2). Waist circumference (cm) was measured using standardized procedures and equipment. Neck circumference was measured with an inelastic tape (mm) immediately above the cricoid cartilage and perpendicular to the long axis of the neck, with the participant in a sit...
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization: Positive or Negative? ASCO/College of American Pathologists Guidelines 2007, 2013, and 2018
Authors: Ciara Murray, Clare D’Arcy, Giuseppe Gullo, Louise Flanagan, Cecily M. Quinn, Cecily M. Quinn
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)
Mucosal bromodomain-containing protein 4 mediates aeroallergen-induced inflammation and remodeling
Authors: Bing Tian, Koa Hosoki, Zhiqing Liu, Jun Yang, Yingxin Zhao, Hong Sun, Jia Zhou, Erik Rytting, Lata Kaphalia, William J. Calhoun, Sanjiv Sur, Allan R. Brasier
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Accounting for All Costs in the Total Cost of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Immunotherapy—Reply
Authors: Inmaculada Hernandez, Vinay Prasad, Walid F. Gellad
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2018)

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Pazopanib in advanced or metastatic synovial sarcoma: The Gustave Roussy experience
Authors: M. Sroussi, S. De Percin, A.M. Grecea, M.A. Benderra, M. Velev, S. Akla, N. Lezghed, S. Dumont, C. Le Péchoux, C. Honore, L. Haddag, M. Faron, P. Terrier, O. Mir, A. Le Cesne
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)