tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Difference Between Estimated Purchase Price and Insurance Payments for Knee and Hip Implants in Privately Insured Patients Younger Than 65 Years
Authors: Yi-Ju Tseng, Kenneth D. Mandl
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) are common procedures with charges ranking first and eighth among all procedures in the United States.1 The cost of the implant device is typically the largest expense associated with these procedures,2 but insurance companies pay without knowledge of either price or even the device model. We compared allowed insurance payments for these devices to an estimated price at which the hospital purchased the implant from the manufacturer to estimate the discrepancy.
Nutrient-sensing nuclear receptors PPARα and FXR control liver energy balance
Authors: Geoffrey A. Preidis, Kang Ho Kim, David D. Moore
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2017)

The nuclear receptors PPARα (encoded by NR1C1) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR, encoded by NR1H4) are activated in the liver in the fasted and fed state, respectively. PPARα activation induces fatty acid oxidation, while FXR controls bile acid homeostasis, but both nuclear receptors also regulate numerous other metabolic pathways relevant to liver energy balance. Here we review evidence that they function coordinately to control key nutrient pathways, including fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis in the fasted state and lipogenesis and glycolysis in the fed state. We have also recently reported that these receptors have mutually antagonistic impacts on autophagy, which is induced by PPARα but suppressed by FXR. Secretion of multiple blood proteins is a major drain on liver energy and nutrient resources, and we present preliminary evidence that the liver secretome may be directly suppressed by PPARα, but induced by FXR. Finally, previous studies demonstrated a striking deficiency in bile acid levels in malnourished mice that is consistent with results in malnourished children. We present evidence that hepatic targets of PPARα and FXR are dysregulated in chronic undernutrition. We conclude that PPARα and FXR function coordinately to integrate liver energy balance.
Revamping the US Federal Common Rule
Authors: James G. Hodge, Lawrence O. Gostin
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Altered composition of epidermal lipids correlates with <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> colonization status in atopic dermatitis
Authors: S. Li, M. Villarreal, S. Stewart, J. Choi, G. Ganguli-Indra, D.C. Babineau, C. Philpot, G. David, T. Yoshida, M. Boguniewicz, J.M. Hanifin, L.A. Beck, D.Y. Leung, E.L. Simpson, A.K. Indra
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2017)
Evaluating the hidden biology of cancer of unknown primary (CUP) in comparison to known metastatic disease.
Authors: Malek Bassam Hannouf, Salah Mahmud, Eric Winquist, Muriel Brackstone, Gregory S Zaric
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e12549 Background: No consensus exists yet on whether CUP is a group of metastatic tumours with undetected primary sites or a unique clinicopathological entity with distinct genetic and phenotypic characteristics. We aimed to characterize the clinical and pathologic features of a cohort of CUP patients who had their latent primary site subsequently detected during their life or at autopsy in comparison to a cohort of patient presented with metastatic known primary cancers at initial diagnosis. Methods: We used historical snapshot files available in the Manitoba Cancer Registry (MCR) to identify all patients diagnosed with histologically or cytologically confirmed metastatic tumours in Manitoba during the period from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2012. We linked all identified patients with their updated tumour-specific files available in the MCR for the purpose of identifying our two study cohorts. The first cohort included all patients who were initially diagnosed with CUP and who had their latent primary cancer identified and confirmed using either histology, cytology or autopsy at least 2 months after their initial CUP diagnosis. The second cohort included all patients initially diagnosed with a metastatic known primary cancer and whose cancer diagnosis did not change during lifetime or at autopsy. Information on patient and tumour characteristics was obtained from the MCR. Results: Out of 16,085 patients diagnosed with metastatic tumours, 2654 (%16.5) patients were initially diagnosed with CUP and 13,431 (84.5%) patients diagnosed with metastases of a known primary cancer. Out of the CUP group, 1033 (39%) patients had their latent primary site subsequently detected. Distribution of primary sites did not differ significantly between CUP patients who had their latent primary detected and patients diagnosed with metastases of a known primary cancer (p=0.44, Wilcoxon rank sum test). With the exception of tumour size, all other patient and tumour characteristics did not differ significantly between the two study cohorts across primary tumour sites. Conclusions: The clinical and pathologic features of CUP patient do not appear to be fundamentally different from those with metastatic known primary cancers.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Alessandra Gaiani, Ilaria Martinelli, Luca Bello, Giorgia Querin, Marco Puthenparampil, Susanna Ruggero, Elisabetta Toffanin, Annachiara Cagnin, Chiara Briani, Elena Pegoraro, Gianni Sorarù
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2017)

A clearer definition of the role of neurofilament light chain (NFL) as a biomarker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is needed.
Dual Somatostatin Receptor/FDG PET/CT Imaging in Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumours: Proposal for a Novel Grading Scheme with Prognostic Significance
Authors: David LH Chan, Nick Pavlakis, Geoffrey P Schembri, Elizabeth J Bernard, Edward Hsiao, Aimee Hayes, Tristan Barnes, Connie Diakos, Mustafa Khasraw, Jaswinder Samra, Enid Eslick, Paul J Roach, Alexander Engel, Stephen J Clarke, Dale L Bailey
Journal: Theranostics (2017)

Background: PET scans using FDG and somatostatin receptor imaging agents have both been used to study neuroendocrine tumours.Most reports have documented the sensitivity and specificity of each radiopharmaceutical independently, and even suggested the superiority of one over the other for different grades of disease.Aim: The aim of this work was to develop a grading scheme that describes the joint results of both the FDG and somatostatin receptor imaging PET scans in staging subjects with neuroendocrine tumours in a single combined parameter.The grading scheme that has been developed is referred to as the NETPET grade.Methods: This is a retrospective study which assessed subjects who had both FDG and somatostatin receptor PET imaging at our institution within 31 days of each other.The NETPET grade was assigned by experienced nuclear medicine physicians and compared with other clinical data such as WHO grade and overall survival.Results: In the period 2011-2015 we were able to recruit 62 subjects with histologically proven metastatic neuroendocrine tumour for review.The NETPET grade incorporating both the FDG and somatostatin receptor imaging results was significantly correlated with overall survival by univariate analysis (p=0.0018), whereas in this cohort the WHO grade at the time of diagnosis did not correlate with survival. Conclusions:The NETPET grade has promise as a prognostic imaging biomarker in neuroendocrine tumours.It permits the capturing of the complexity of dual radiotracer imaging in a single parameter which describes the subjects' disease and is readily amenable to use in patient management and further research.
Stem cell injections in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Haiko IMFL Pas, Marinus Winters, Hidde J Haisma, Martinus JJ Koenis, Johannes L Tol, Maarten H Moen
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Objective Stem cell injection for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is an emerging new therapy, and we aimed to review its evidence of efficacy. Design Systematic review. Eligibility criteria Criteria for eligibility were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCT on the efficacy of stem cell injections in KOA. All references were checked for missed articles. Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PEDro and SPORTDiscus were searched. A grey literature search was performed. No restrictions were imposed to our search strategy. Risk of bias and data synthesis Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Descriptive synthesis was performed using the levels of evidence according to the Oxford Levels of Evidence. Results Five RCTs and one non-RCT were found. Bone-marrow-derived stem cells, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and peripheral blood stem cells were used. All trials were at high risk of bias, resulting in level-3 evidence. All five RCTs reported superior efficacy for patient-reported outcomes (Visual Analogue Scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index, Tegner, Lysolm, International Knee Documentation Committee, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Lequesne) compared with controls at final follow-up (range 24–48 months). Superior radiological outcomes were found favouring stem cell injection. Superior histological outcomes and/or improved arthroscopically scored healing rates were reported in two trials. No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusion Six trials with high risk of bias showed level-3 or level-4 evidence in favour of stem cell injections in KOA. In the absence of high-level evidence, we do not recommend stem cell therapy for KOA.
Abstract P3-06-07: Combination of doxorubicin with S1P signaling modulator FTY720 significantly suppressed obesity-associated breast cancer
Authors: E Katsuta, K Takabe
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Background: Obesity is one of the biggest health issues in the US. It has been shown that obesity-associated breast cancer is more aggressive with poor prognosis, which is partly explained by the low-grade inflammation caused by obesity. Recently we have published that sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a signaling lipid mediator, link inflammation and cancer in colitis-associated colon cancer model. We hypothesized that addition of S1P modulator that block S1P signaling thus suppress the effect of obesity-mediated inflammation should enhance anti-cancer effect of doxorubicin, which is a typical anti-cancer drug for breast cancer used as a standard of care. Methods: Female B6.cg-Lepob (OB/OB) mice fed with high fat diet for 2 weeks prior to implantation of cancer cells were used as an obesity model, and litter mate control mice fed with normal diet were used as a control. 1 x 106 murine mammary adenocarcinoma E0771 cells were inoculated into #2 rt. fat pads as previously described (Katsuta et al JSR 2016). 9 days after inoculation, both OB/OB and control mice were randomized into 4 groups in each group; vehicle, Doxorubicin, FTY720 and Combination of Doxorubicin and FTY720. Doxorubicin was administrated by i.p. injection at a dose of 5 mg/kg on Day 0 and 3. FTY720 was administered everyday by gavage at a dose of 1 mg/kg during the entire course. Tumor growths were measured daily by caliper measurements. Tumor weights were measured on 21 days after cell inoculation. Results: The body weight of obesity model was significantly heavier than control mice at the time of cancer cell inoculation (44.1 g vs 19.4 g; p &amp;lt; 0.001). In non-treatment group, tumor weight in obesity group was significant heavier than control mice[KT1] (1232 mg vs 966 mg; p = 0.049), which is consistent with the dogma that obesity worsen cancer progression. As expected, tumor weight in non-treatment group is heavier than any treatment group, and that in combination treatment of doxorubicin and FTY720 is lightest in both of obesity group and control group. Interestingly, tumor reduction rate in obesity group compared with non-treatment group is significant greater than control group (Doxorubicin: 83% vs 19%, p = 0.001; FTY720: 80% vs 46%, p = 0.027, Doxorubicin + FTY720: 93% vs 64%, p = 0.011). Over 15 % weight loss were seen in obesity doxorubicin group and obesity combination treatment group. Conclusion: Modification of S1P signaling by FTY720 was shown to enhance the effect of doxorubicin particularly in obese mice, which implicate a novel approach to treat obesity-associated breast cancer. Citation Format: Katsuta E, Takabe K. Combination of doxorubicin with S1P signaling modulator FTY720 significantly suppressed obesity-associated breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-06-07.
Baseline Prevalence of Birth Defects Associated with Congenital Zika Virus Infection — Massachusetts, North Carolina, and Atlanta, Georgia, 2013–2014
Authors: Janet D. Cragan, Cara T. Mai, Emily E. Petersen, Rebecca F. Liberman, Nina E. Forestieri, Alissa C. Stevens, Augustina Delaney, April L. Dawson, Sascha R. Ellington, Carrie K. Shapiro-Mendoza, Julie E. Dunn, Cathleen A. Higgins, Robert E. Meyer, Tonya Williams, Kara N.D. Polen, Kim Newsome, Megan Reynolds, Jennifer Isenburg, Suzanne M. Gilboa, Dana M. Meaney-Delman, Cynthia A. Moore, Coleen A. Boyle, Margaret A. Honein
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause serious brain abnormalities, but the full range of adverse outcomes is unknown (1). To better understand the impact of birth defects resulting from Zika virus infection, the CDC surveillance case definition established in 2016 for birth defects potentially related to Zika virus infection* (2) was retrospectively applied to population-based birth defects surveillance data collected during 2013-2014 in three areas before the introduction of Zika virus (the pre-Zika years) into the World Health Organization's Region of the Americas (Americas) (3). These data, from Massachusetts (2013), North Carolina (2013), and Atlanta, Georgia (2013-2014), included 747 infants and fetuses with one or more of the birth defects meeting the case definition (pre-Zika prevalence = 2.86 per 1,000 live births). Brain abnormalities or microcephaly were the most frequently recorded (1.50 per 1,000), followed by neural tube defects and other early brain malformations† (0.88), eye abnormalities without mention of a brain abnormality (0.31), and other consequences of central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction without mention of brain or eye abnormalities (0.17). During January 15-September 22, 2016, the U.S. Zika Pregnancy Registry (USZPR) reported 26 infants and fetuses with these same defects among 442 completed pregnancies (58.8 per 1,000) born to mothers with laboratory evidence of possible Zika virus infection during pregnancy (2). Although the ascertainment methods differed, this finding was approximately 20 times higher than the proportion of one or more of the same birth defects among pregnancies during the pre-Zika years. These data demonstrate the importance of population-based surveillance for interpreting data about birth defects potentially related to Zika virus infection.
Evaluating Clonal Dominance in a Murine Knock-in Model of Jak2V617F MPN
Authors: Ann Mullally, Luke Poveromo, Kristina Brumme, Fatima Al-Shahrour, Steven W. Lane, Alan H. Shih, Iannis Aifantis, Ross L Levine, Benjamin L. Ebert
Journal: Blood (2011)
ZMPSTE24 defends against influenza and other pathogenic viruses
Authors: Bishi Fu, Lingyan Wang, Shitao Li, Martin E. Dorf
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2017)

Zinc metallopeptidase STE24 (ZMPSTE24) is a transmembrane metalloprotease whose catalytic activity is critical for processing lamin A on the inner nuclear membrane and clearing clogged translocons on the endoplasmic reticulum. We now report ZMPSTE24 is a virus-specific effector that restricts enveloped RNA and DNA viruses, including influenza A, Zika, Ebola, Sindbis, vesicular stomatitis, cowpox, and vaccinia, but not murine leukemia or adenovirus. ZMPSTE24-mediated antiviral action is independent of protease activity. Coimmunoprecipitation studies indicate ZMPSTE24 can complex with proteins of the interferon-induced transmembrane protein (IFITM) family. IFITM proteins impede viral entry, and ZMPSTE24 expression is necessary for IFITM antiviral activity. In vivo studies demonstrate ZMPSTE24-deficient mice display higher viral burdens, enhanced cytokine production, and increased mortality after influenza infection. Collectively, these findings identify ZMPSTE24 as an intrinsic broad-spectrum antiviral protein and provide insights into antiviral defense mechanisms.
Identification of Genetic Hereditary Predisposition to Hematologic Malignancies By Clinical Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Amy E Knight Johnson, Lucia Guidugli, Kelly Arndt, Gorka Alkorta-Aranburu, Viswateja Nelakuditi, Jane E. Churpek, Lucy A Godley, Daniela del Gaudio, Soma Das, Zejuan Li
Journal: Blood (2015)
Survival benefit from combined chemoradiation (CRT) in elderly patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Authors: Pedro Masson Domingues, Ricardo Zylberberg, Thalita Matta-Castro, Clarissa Serodio Baldotto, Luiz Henrique de Lima Araujo
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e17548 Background: CRT is the standard therapy in locally advanced NSCLC. Nevertheless, the best approach in the elderly population is still poorly defined. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of elderly (≥ 65 years) patients (pts) with diagnosed stage III (6th AJCC), unresectable, NSCLC, treated at the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) between 2003 and 2005. Pts with malignant pleural effusion were excluded. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS), measured from diagnosis until death. Prognostic factors were analyzed using log-rank and stepwise Cox model. Palliative therapy (PT) included best supportive care, radiation therapy (RT; ≤ 40 Gy), and palliative chemotherapy. Among pts treated with radical RT, OS was measured from date of treatment beginning until death (OST). Results: One hundred fifteen pts were included. Median age was 71 (range 65-83), 76% were male, 51% had squamous histology, and 82% stage IIIB. Seventy percent had more than 5% weigh loss at diagnosis, 44% had PS 0-1, while 29% and 26% had PS 2 and 3, respectively. Ninety percent were current/former-smokers, and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was 0 in 66% and 1-2 in 34%. Thirty-six percent received PT, 32% exclusive RT (&gt;40 Gy), and 32% CRT (concomitant or sequential). Post-radiation surgery was not performed in this cohort. The median OS was 9.9 months (ms; 95% CI, 7.2-12.6). Survival was significantly longer among pts with PS 0-1 (p&lt;0.0001) and no weigh loss (p=0.026), while histology (p=0.15), tumor stage (p=0.51), CCI (p=0.37), and age (p=0.54) were not prognostic factors. Pts treated with exclusive RT and CRT had better OS (median 14.3 ms [95% CI, 11.7-16.9] and 17.0 ms [95% CI, 14.1-19.9], respectively) than PT (median 4.1 ms [95% CI, 3.5-4.8]; p&lt;0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, RT (HR 0.25 [95% CI, 0.15-0.42]; p&lt;0.0001) and CRT (HR 0.16 [95% CI, 0.09-0.27]; p&lt;0.0001) were independently associated with better survival in comparison to PT. Among pts receiving radical RT, the addition of chemotherapy was associated with longer OST (median 14.1 vs 10.7 ms; p=0.025). Conclusions: CRT was independently associated with longer survival in elderly pts with locally advanced NSCLC.
Implications of Serial Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emission Tomography Scanning for Survival of Untreated Myeloma Patients Treated with Total Therapy 3
Authors: Saad Usmani, Alan Mitchell, Rachael Sexton, Susan Panozzo, Bijay Nair, Sarah Waheed, Yazan Alsayed, John Crowley, Bart Barlogie
Journal: Blood (2011)
Complexity and Distribution of Drivers in Relation to Duration of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Han S. Lim, Mélèze Hocini, Remi Dubois, Arnaud Denis, Nicolas Derval, Stephan Zellerhoff, Seigo Yamashita, Benjamin Berte, Saagar Mahida, Yuki Komatsu, Matthew Daly, Laurence Jesel, Carole Pomier, Valentin Meillet, Sana Amraoui, Ashok J. Shah, Hubert Cochet, Frédéric Sacher, Pierre Jaïs, Michel Haïssaguerre
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Daily Mortality. A Nationwide Analysis in 272 Chinese Cities
Authors: Renjie Chen, Peng Yin, Xia Meng, Cong Liu, Lijun Wang, Xiaohui Xu, Jennifer A. Ross, Lap A. Tse, Zhuohui Zhao, Haidong Kan, Maigeng Zhou
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2017)

Evidence concerning the acute health effects of air pollution caused by fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in developing countries is quite limited.To evaluate short-term associations between PM2.5 and daily cause-specific mortality in China.A nationwide time-series analysis was performed in 272 representative Chinese cities from 2013 to 2015. Two-stage Bayesian hierarchical models were applied to estimate regional- and national-average associations between PM2.5 concentrations and daily cause-specific mortality. City-specific effects of PM2.5 were estimated using the overdispersed generalized additive models after adjusting for time trends, day of the week, and weather conditions. Exposure-response relationship curves and potential effect modifiers were also evaluated.The average of annual mean PM2.5 concentration in each city was 56 μg/m3 (minimum, 18 μg/m3; maximum, 127 μg/m3). Each 10-μg/m3 increase in 2-day moving average of PM2.5 concentrations was significantly associated with increments in mortality of 0.22% from total nonaccidental causes, 0.27% from cardiovascular diseases, 0.39% from hypertension, 0.30% from coronary heart diseases, 0.23% from stroke, 0.29% from respiratory diseases, and 0.38% from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There was a leveling off in the exposure-response curves at high concentrations in most, but not all, regions. The associations were stronger in cities with lower PM2.5 levels or higher temperatures, and in subpopulations with elder age or less education.This nationwide investigation provided robust evidence of the associations between short-term exposure to PM2.5 and increased mortality from various cardiopulmonary diseases in China. The magnitude of associations was lower than those reported in Europe and North America.
Essential role for the transcription factor Bhlhe41 in regulating the development, self-renewal and BCR repertoire of B-1a cells
Authors: Taras Kreslavsky, Bojan Vilagos, Hiromi Tagoh, Daniela Kostanova Poliakova, Tanja A Schwickert, Miriam Wöhner, Markus Jaritz, Siegfried Weiss, Reshma Taneja, Moritz J Rossner, Meinrad Busslinger
Journal: Nature Immunology (2017)