tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Vessels That Encapsulate Tumor Clusters (VETC) Pattern Is a Predictor of Sorafenib Benefit in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Jian‐Hong Fang, Li Xu, Li‐Ru Shang, Chu‐Zhi Pan, Jin Ding, Yun‐Qiang Tang, Hui Liu, Chu‐Xing Liu, Jia‐Lin Zheng, Yao‐Jun Zhang, Zhong‐Guo Zhou, Jing Xu, Limin Zheng, Min‐Shan Chen, Shi‐Mei Zhuang
Journal: Hepatology (2018)

Sorafenib is the most recommended first‐line systemic therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Yet there is no clinically applied biomarker for predicting sorafenib response. We have demonstrated that a vascular pattern, named VETC (Vessels that Encapsulate Tumor Clusters), facilitates the release of whole tumor clusters into the bloodstream; VETC‐mediated metastasis relies on vascular pattern, but not on migration and invasion of cancer cells. In this study, we aimed to explore whether vascular pattern could predict sorafenib benefit. Two cohorts of patients were recruited from four academic hospitals. The survival benefit of sorafenib treatment for patients with or without the VETC pattern (VETC + /VETC – ) was investigated. Kaplan‐Meier analyses revealed that sorafenib treatment significantly reduced death risk and prolonged overall survival (OS; in cohort 1/2, P = 0.004/0.005; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.567/0.408) and postrecurrence survival (PRS; in cohort 1/2, P = 0.001/0.002; HR = 0.506/0.384) in VETC + patients. However, sorafenib therapy was not beneficial for VETC ‐ patients (OS in cohort 1/2, P = 0.204/0.549; HR = 0.761/1.221; PRS in cohort 1/2, P = 0.121/0.644; HR = 0.728/1.161). Univariate and multivariate analyses confirmed that sorafenib treatment significantly improved OS/PRS in VETC + , but not VETC – , patients. Further mechanistic investigations showed that VETC + and VETC – HCCs displayed similar levels of light chain 3 (LC3) and phosphorylated extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) in tumor tissues (pERK) or endothelial cells (EC‐pERK), and greater sorafenib benefit was consistently observed in VETC + HCC patients than VETC – irrespective of levels of pERK/EC‐pERK/LC3, suggesting that the different sorafenib benefit between VETC + and VETC – HCCs may not result from activation of Raf/mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/ERK and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)A/VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2)/ERK signaling or induction of autophagy. Conclusion : Sorafenib is effective in prolonging the survival of VETC + , but not VETC – , patients. VETC pattern may act as a predictor of sorafenib benefit for HCC.
Association of Early Introduction of Solids With Infant Sleep—Reply
Authors: Michael R. Perkin, Gideon Lack
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Improving the management of spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Uri Kartoun
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

At a relatively young age, I had the misfortune to be diagnosed with spontaneous pneumothorax and go through video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Management of spontaneous pneumothorax would be improved by mounting multiple devices on the same side of the body <http://ow.ly/7x7B30mrAnq>
Adenosine 2a Receptor Signal Blockade of Murine Autoimmune Arthritis via Inhibition of Pathogenic Germinal Center–Follicular Helper T Cells
Authors: Shirdi E. Schmiel, Lokesh A. Kalekar, Na Zhang, Thomas W. Blankespoor, Londyn J. Robinson, Daniel L. Mueller
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2018)

Objective CD 4 germinal center ( GC )–follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are important in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis. Previous studies have shown that adenosine 2a receptor (A2aR; Adora2a ) signaling can divert CD 4 T cells away from the GC ‐Tfh cell lineage during the primary response to foreign antigens. This study was undertaken to examine the effects of A2aR signaling on CD 4 T cells during the recognition of self antigen in a murine model of autoimmune arthritis. Methods Wild‐type and Adora2a ‐deficient mouse KRN T cell receptor–transgenic CD 4 T cells specific for glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase ( GPI )/I‐A g7 were transferred into immunodeficient Tcra −/− I‐A g7 –expressing mice to induce arthritis. Recipients were then treated with either the selective A2aR agonist CGS ‐21680 ( CGS ) or phosphate buffered saline alone. Severity of disease, autoantibody titers, KRN T cell numbers and phenotype, and GPI ‐specific isotype class–switched plasmablasts were tracked. Results CGS treatment inhibited the development of arthritis and differentiation of KRN GC ‐Tfh cells, blocked the appearance of high‐affinity GPI ‐specific and IgG1 isotype class–switched polyclonal plasmablasts, and led to a reduction in serum titers of anti‐ GPI IgG1. In addition, therapeutic administration of CGS after the onset of arthritis blocked further disease progression in association with reductions in the number of KRN GC ‐Tfh cells and anti‐ GPI IgG1 serum titers. Conclusion Strong A2aR signaling diverts autoreactive CD 4 T cell differentiation away from the GC ‐Tfh cell lineage, thus reducing help for the differentiation of dangerous autoreactive B cells that promote arthritis. These data in a mouse model of autoimmune arthritis suggest that A2aR and its downstream signaling pathways in CD 4 T cells may be promising therapeutic targets for interfering with potentially dangerous autoreactive GC ‐Tfh cell differentiation.
Notch dysregulation and hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and lichen planus: let's talk about Numb
Authors: C. Marasca, E. Scala, R. Di Caprio, A. Raimondo, S. Cacciapuoti, A. Balato, G. Fabbrocini
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Linked Article: Frew. Br J Dermatol 2019; 180:431–432.
Inhibiting the Immunophilin FKBP12: A Potential Therapeutic Approach to Iron Overload/Low Hepcidin Disorders
Authors: Mariateresa Pettinato, Mariam Aghajan, Alessandro Dulja, Antonella Nai, Violante Olivari, Jessica Bordini, Alessandro Campanella, Alessia Pagani, Shuling Guo, Clara Camaschella, Laura Silvestri
Journal: Blood (2018)
Abstract 17233: Implantable Loop Recorder Monitoring Detects a High Incidence of Bradycardia Leading to Pacemaker Implant in Hemodialysis Patients: Preliminary Results From the Monitoring in Dialysis (MiD) Study
Authors: Bruce A Koplan, David M Charytan, Amber S Podoll, Vikranth Reddy, Prabir Roy-Chaudhury, Suresh C Tiwari, James Tumlin, Don E Williamson
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Hemodialysis (HD) pts have an increased incidence of syncope and sudden death. A greater understanding of the incidence of bradyarrhythmias as a potential risk factor for these events is needed. The MiD study enrolled maintenance HD pts to undergo implantable loop recorder (ILR) placement to determine the arrhythmia incidence in this population. Hypothesis: ILR monitoring will be useful in detecting bradyarrhythmias and guiding treatment in ESRD patients Methods: MiD is a prospective, multi-center study to characterize arrhythmias in HD pts during 12mo of ILR monitoring. All ILR-detected events with stored ECG are visually reviewed for confirmation during the initial 6mo. Clinically significant arrhythmias include bradycardia &lt;=40bpm for 6sec, asystole &gt;=3sec, or sustained VT &gt;=130bpm for &gt;=30sec. Results: Follow up is available for 45 pts [mean follow-up 6.4mo (0.6-12.0mo), mean age 56 (27-76yrs), 36% female]. Bradycardia events occurred in 16/45 pts (36%) with an incidence of 28.7 (95% CI 10.1-81.7) events per patient month in these 16 pts. Bradycardia was confirmed by visual review in 408 out of 456 ILR-detected brady events with stored ECG occurring during the first 6mo for a positive predictive value (PPV) of 89.5%. An additional 27 of these ILR-detected “brady events” were found to contain either premature ventricular contractions or atrial arrhythmias (PPV for any arrhythmia 95.5%). 4 of 45 subjects (8.9%) have undergone permanent pacemaker implant for bradyarrhythmias or symptomatic tachy-brady syndrome. In comparison, only one patient (2.2%) has been observed to have ventricular tachycardia (VT&gt;=130bpm for &gt;=30seconds). There was no association between timing of dialysis and bradyarrhythmias. Conclusions: ILR monitoring detects bradyarrhythmias with high PPV in &gt; 1/3 of HD pts and is associated with a high incidence (9%) of permanent pacemaker implant. With improvement in ILR technology with respect to size and wireless capability, clinicians should have a low tolerance to evaluate HD patients for bradyarrhythmias. These findings may also have implications when considering ESRD patients at increased risk of sudden cardiac death for subcutaneous-only defibrillators that do not currently have permanent pacing capability.
Treatment of clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis
Authors: J. Callander, Y. Robson, J. Ingram, V. Piguet
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Dermatomyositis is an unusual auto-immune condition (where the body's immune system doesn't function correctly) where a characteristic rash is associated with muscle inflammation. However, some patients have the skin disease without associated muscle disease, which is called amyopathic dermatomyositis, and there is no set agreement about the best way to treat these patients. The authors, based in Cardiff, Wales, reviewed the literature concerning the treatment of patients with amyopathic dermatomyositis. They identified eighteen case series (information from more than one patient) and 42 case reports (information from just one patient), but no randomised controlled trials, which are the gold-standard of research. Antimalarials, such as hydroxychloroquine, were most commonly used, but ineffective in 55% of patients. Other drugs included topical and systemic corticosteroids, methotrexate, dapsone, mycophenolate mofetil and topical tacrolimus. Intravenous immunoglobulin led to improvement or even remission in the greatest number of patients with dermatomyositis with or without muscle involvement. The authors emphasise the need for more robust, unbiased studies to assess the efficacy of treatment in this condition.
Randomized trial protocol of bridge intervention for patients with serious mental illness and cancer.
Authors: Lauren Fields, Catherine A Callaway, Elyse R. Park, Andrew A Nierenberg, Joseph Greer, Jennifer S. Temel, Kelly Irwin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

153 Background: Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) diagnosed with cancer often have disruptions in treatment, leading to premature mortality compared to patients without SMI. To address such gaps in care, we developed and piloted a collaborative care intervention for patients with SMI and cancer (Bridge). We now propose a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to investigate the impact of the Bridge intervention on disruptions in cancer care for patients with SMI. Methods: We will conduct a two-arm RCT (n = 120) comparing Bridge to enhanced usual care (EUC) for patients with SMI (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder) and newly diagnosed breast, lung, gastrointestinal, or head/neck cancer. The 12-week Bridge intervention includes: 1) assessment by a psychiatrist with expertise in oncology at cancer diagnosis, 2) involvement of a case manager to promote self-management and care coordination, 3) collaboration between psychiatry and oncology (e.g., joint visits, developing an integrated treatment plan) to address barriers to care, and 4) availability of study clinicians via phone, text, or in-person for consultation and follow-up with patients, caregivers, and oncology and community mental health clinicians. In the EUC arm, study staff will inform the treating oncologist of the psychiatric diagnosis and notify the patient and oncologist of available psychosocial services at enrollment. Patients will be randomized 1:1 to Bridge or EUC, stratified by presence of a caregiver. Identified caregivers will be co-enrolled, and patients without a caregiver will be eligible. We will utilize verbal consent, link study visits to oncology appointments, and personalize frequency and location (e.g., community, clinic, hospital) of contact with patients and caregivers to decrease burden and promote engagement. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients with disruptions in cancer care within 6 months of enrollment, confirmed by oncologists blinded to study arm. Secondary outcomes include clinician assessment of psychiatric illness severity as well as patient and caregiver reported measures (e.g., depression, engagement in care, treatment satisfaction). Results: N/A. Conclusions: N/A. Clinical trial information: NCT03360695.
Metformin and breast cancer risk: A meta-analysis and critical literature review.
Authors: Nananda Col, Leslie Ochs, Vicky Springmann, Aaron K Aragaki, Rowan T. Chlebowski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

25 Background: Observational studies have suggested that metformin, commonly used for diabetes treatment that increases insulin sensitivity and improves glycemic control, decreases the incidence of several common cancers. However, findings regarding metformin and breast cancer incidence have been mixed. To explore this issue, a systematic literature review and meta-analysis were performed with a focus on potential biases. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search for all pertinent studies addressing metformin use and breast cancer risk by searching Pub Med, Cochrane Library, Scopus (which includes Embase, ISI Web of Science) using the Mesh terms: "metformin" or "biguanides" or "diabetes mellitus, type 2/therapy" and "cancer" or "neoplasms". When multiple hazard ratios (HR) or odds ratio (OR) were reported, the most adjusted estimate was used in the base-case analysis. We pooled the adjusted HR using and performed sensitivity analyses on duration of metformin use (&gt; or &lt; 3 years use), study quality (assessed using the GRADE system), and initial observation year of the cohort (before vs after 1997). Results: From a total of 421 citations, 13 full-text articles were considered, and 7 independent studies were included. All were observational (4 cohort and 3 case control). Our combined OR for metformin association with invasive breast cancer of all 7 studies was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.71-0.97). Funnel plot analyses did not suggest publication bias. Stronger associations were found when analyses were limited to studies estimating the impact of longer metformin duration (OR = 0.75. 95% CI, 0.62-0.91) or among studies that began observing their cohort before 1997 (OR=0.68. 95% CI, 0.55-0.84). Stratification according to study quality did not affect the combined OR but higher quality studies had smaller CI and achieved statistical significance. Interpretation is limited by the observational nature of reports and different comparison groups. Conclusions: Our analyses support a protective effect of metformin on invasive breast cancer incidence among postmenopausal women with diabetes. Clinical trials are needed to determine whether metformin reduces breast cancer risk.
Abstract SY34-02: The impact of O2 availability on human cancer
Authors: M. Celeste Simon
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract During the past century, it has been established that regions within solid tumours experience mild to severe O2 deprivation owing to aberrant vascular function. These hypoxic regions are associated with altered cellular metabolism, as well as increased resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. As discussed in this Timeline, over the past decade work from many laboratories has elucidated the mechanisms by which hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) modulate tumour cell metabolism, angiogenesis, growth and metastasis. The central role played by intra-tumoural hypoxia and HIF in these processes has made them attractive therapeutic targets in the treatment of multiple human malignancies. Citation Format: M. Celeste Simon. The impact of O2 availability on human cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SY34-02
Abstract 18396: Low Rate of LDL-Goal-Attainment in 57,855 High-Risk-Patients in Europe, Canada, South-Africa, Middle East and China - Results of DYSIS
Authors: Anselm K Gitt, Dominik Lautsch, Martin Horack, Baishali Ambegaonkar, Jean Ferrieres
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Statin treatment is routinely used for secondary prevention world-wide. Little is known about the prevalence of persistent lipid abnormalities under chronic statin treatment for secondary prevention and possible differences in LDL-Cholesterol (LDL-C) goal attainment in clinical practice between countries in different parts of the world. Methods: Between 2008 and 2012, consecutive statin-treated outpatients were enrolled in 26 countries worldwide, (DYSIS = Dyslipidemia International Study; list of countries in table) to assess LDL-C goal attainment for secondary prevention. European Society of Cardiology recommendations were used to classify patient risk, and to define LDL-cholesterol treatment goals. Data were collected under real life conditions in physicians’ offices and hospital outpatient wards. Results: Serum lipid values of 57,885 consecutive statin-treated outpatients were studied in the context of their cardiovascular risk factors, and the potency and composition of their lipid-lowering treatment. In the very-high risk patients only 21.7% did reach the currently recommended LDL-Chol target &lt;70mg/dl with large differences between the countries varying from 9.2% to 44.3%. In the high-risk population the LDL-Chol target &lt;100mg/dl was achieved in 38.0% oft he patients, varying between 16.6% and 66.7% between countries Conclusion: Despite chronic statin treatment, only 21.7% of the very-high-risk patients reached the current recommended LDL-Chol target &lt;70mg/dl in this large multinational cross-sectional trial, highlighting the persistent large gap between guideline recommendations and clinical practice. Further treatment escalations are necessary to reduce the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events.
US judge drops FGM charges against two doctors, saying law is unconstitutional
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Criminal charges against two Detroit doctors, two clinic workers, and four mothers accused of conspiring to arrange the genital mutilation of their daughters have been thrown out by a US federal judge, who said that the US law against female genital mutilation was unconstitutional.

Lead defendant Jumana Nagarwala, a emergency department physician from Detroit, was accused of cutting the genitalia of nine girls in a case that US federal prosecutors said “will hopefully deal a critical blow towards stamping out this inhumane practice.”1

But the US district judge Bernard Friedman ruled that Congress had “overstepped its bounds by legislating to prohibit FGM.”

The practice was “a ‘local criminal activity’ which, in keeping with longstanding tradition and our federal system of government, is for the states to regulate, not Congress,” he wrote in his decision,2 which granted the defence’s motion …
Creating a Partnership Between Dermatologists and Geriatricians
Authors: Shankar N. Mundluru, David R. Lee
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal