tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Training Programme for TEP (Endocinch) Technique for the Treatment of GORD
Authors: Z Mahmood, BP McMahon, EM Murphy, DG Weir
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Background: Endoscopic anti-reflux technique (Endocinch) has been found to be safe and effective for the treatment of GORD. Aim: To evaluate the training methods used for teaching the Endocinch technique for the treatment of GORD.
Current understanding and management of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Robert Vassallo, Sergio Harari, Abdellatif Tazi
Journal: Thorax (2017)

Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is a diffuse lung disease that usually affects young adult smokers. PLCH affects different lung compartments; bronchiolar, interstitial and pulmonary vascular dysfunction may coexist to varying extents, resulting in diverse phenotypes. Analyses of PLCH tissues have identified activating mutations of specific mitogen-activated protein kinases (BRAF<sup>V600E</sup> and others). The current consensus is that PLCH represents a myeloid neoplasm with inflammatory properties: the myeloid tumour cells exhibit surface CD1a expression and up to 50% of the cells harbour activating BRAF or other MAPK mutations. PLCH may be associated with multisystem disease. The detection of disease outside of the thorax is facilitated by whole body positron emission tomography. The natural history of PLCH is unpredictable. In some patients, disease may remit or stabilise following smoking cessation. Others develop progressive lung disease, often associated with evidence of airflow limitation and pulmonary vascular dysfunction. Due to the inability to accurately predict the natural history, it is important that all patients undergo longitudinal follow-up at least twice a year for the first few years following diagnosis. The treatment of PLCH is challenging and should be individualised. While there is no general consensus regarding the role of immunosuppression or chemotherapy in management, selected patients may experience improvement in lung function with therapy. Determination of BRAF<sup>V600E</sup> or other mutations may assist with the development of an individualised approach to therapy. Patients with progressive disease should be referred to specialised centres and considered for a trial of pharmacotherapy or evaluated for transplantation.
At Last! Aye, and There's the Rub
Authors: Alexander M. Capron
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2017)

Mea culpa. In 1981 the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical and Behavioral Research, of which I was the Executive Director, recommended to the President and Congress that all federal departments and agencies that conduct or support human subjects research adopt "as a common core" the HHS regulations, "while permitting additions needed by any department or agency that are not inconsistent with these core provisions." The commission believed-rightly, I still think-that having uniformity would ease administration, reduce regulatory burdens, simplify oversight, and make research more efficient. Yet our naïve expectation the task could be accomplished in 180 days meant that we failed to anticipate that if it took much longer-namely, the 10 years that passed before the Common Rule was issued-federal officials would thereafter be reluctant to change the regulations and that when they tried to do so twenty years later, with the issuance of the ANPRM in 2011, they would propose comprehensive revisions. I argue that was the wrong conclusion to draw from the difficulties in issuing the first Common Rule, and that the process of producing the new "final rule" on January 19, 2017-during which many of the proposed changes were either dumped or promulgated without being adequately vetted-reinforces the conclusion that a more incremental process, with ongoing involvement of the public through an advisory body like the President's Commission, would be a much better way to proceed.
Mid-term results of INTRABEAM intraoperative radiotherapy in St. Petersburg, Russia.
Authors: Alexey Manikhas, Armen Oganesyn, Ivan Grinev, Sergey Chekrizov, Vitaly Skvortsov, Leonid Li, Roman Babeshkin, Georgiy Manikhas
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e12535 Background: Postoperative radiotherapy reduces the risk of local recurrence after breast-conserving surgery in approximately 2/3 of cases. Target intraoperative radiotherapy of the tumor bed reduces the risk of local recurrence whereas addition of sentinel node biopsy (SNB) improves the long-term results in patients with breast cancer on early stages. Methods: A group of 129 patients with T1-2N0-1M0 breast cancer underwent breast-conserving surgery with SNB and intraoperative radiotherapy using the Intrabeam system immediately after surgical excision. The axillary lymphadenectomy was performed in all SNB-positive women. Patients with high-risk factors (young age, SNB-positive, Grade 3, lymphovascular invasion) received the planned external beam radiotherapy (typically 45–50 Gy in 25 fractions over 5 weeks) to the whole breast. Adjuvant chemotherapy or endocrinotherapy was performed after radiotherapy. The follow-up period involved 36 months. Results: There was ipsilateral recurrence in 2 patient (1.5%) and distant metastasis in 4 patients (3.1%). We revealed no complications in early and late postoperative period. The patients demonstrated good tolerability of the Intrabeam treatment. In 3(2%) cases we observed lymphocyst in the region of the intraoperative Intabeam exposure that demanded prolonged puncturing. Conclusions: We revealed positive results (reducing of cancer recurrence) and convenience of Intrabeam system application. This method lacks the disadvantages of the common external beam radiotherapy and needs further evaluation in clinical practice.
A phase III trial of postoperative chemotherapy or no further treatment for patients with node-negative stage I-II intermediate- or high-risk endometrial cancer. ENGOT-EN2-DGCG/EORTC 55102.
Authors: Mansoor Raza Mirza, Caroline Lundgren, Frederic Kridelka, Annamaria Ferrero, Frederic Amant
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

TPS5628 Background: Patients with medium and high-risk stage I and II endometrial cancers have, despite radical surgery, high risk for local and distant progression. Adjuvant radiotherapy was unable to improve survival. Two phase III studies failed to show any difference in survival between radiotherapy and chemotherapy, though both studies had suboptimal chemotherapy regimens/included good prognosis patients. The GOG-122 phase 3 study in stage III and IV found significant improvement in survival in the chemotherapy arm. It is of utmost importance to clarify the role of adjuvant combination chemotherapy comparing to no further treatment in this patient population. Paclitaxel-Carboplatin combination chemotherapy is effective and well tolerated. Methods: This multicenter, open-label, 1:1 randomized, phase 3 investigator-initiated study is evaluating postoperative chemotherapy compared with no further treatment in patients with medium- or high-risk, node negative stage I, or stage II endometrial cancer (stage 1: grade 3 endometrioid or any type 2 histology; stage 2: all patients). Patients have undergone hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy (minimum 12 pelvic nodes. Para-aortic LNE is optional). Adjuvant brachytherapy is permitted in both arms, though external beam radiotherapy is not allowed. Primary endpoint is overall survival, and secondary endpoints include disease specific survival, progression-free survival, rates of isolated pelvic, distant and mix relapses, quality of life, compliance and toxicity. Carboplatin (AUC5) and paclitaxel (175mg/m2) is given iv every 3 weeks, total 6 courses. This trial will enrol 678 patients. This trial is enrolling patients. Interested institutions are welcome to join the study. Clinical trial information: NCT01244789.
Cetuximab (anti-EGFR) in combination with chemotherapy has no effect on proinflammatory cytokines and markers of T regulatory cells in RAS wild type metastatic colorectal cancer: A study in Algerian patients
Authors: Hayet Rafa, Said Belhadef, Sarra Belkhelifa, Hassan Mahfouf, Chafia Touil-Boukoffa
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Deep Proteome Profiling Reveals Common Prevalence of MZB1-Positive Plasma B Cells in Human Lung and Skin Fibrosis
Authors: Herbert B. Schiller, Christoph H. Mayr, Gabriela Leuschner, Maximilian Strunz, Claudia Staab-Weijnitz, Stefan Preisendörfer, Beate Eckes, Pia Moinzadeh, Thomas Krieg, David A. Schwartz, Rudolf A. Hatz, Jürgen Behr, Matthias Mann, Oliver Eickelberg
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2017)

Rationale: Analyzing the molecular heterogeneity of different forms of organ fibrosis may reveal common and specific factors and thus identify potential future therapeutic targets.Objectives: We sought to use proteome-wide profiling of human tissue fibrosis to (1) identify common and specific signatures across end-stage interstitial lung disease (ILD) cases, (2) characterize ILD subgroups in an unbiased fashion, and (3) identify common and specific features of lung and skin fibrosis.Methods: We collected samples of ILD tissue (n = 45) and healthy donor control samples (n = 10), as well as fibrotic skin lesions from localized scleroderma and uninvolved skin (n = 6). Samples were profiled by quantitative label-free mass spectrometry, Western blotting, or confocal imaging.Measurements and Main Results: We determined the abundance of more than 7,900 proteins and stratified these proteins according to their detergent solubility profiles. Common protein regulations across all ILD cases, as well as distinct ILD subsets, were observed. Proteomic comparison of lung and skin fibrosis identified a common upregulation of marginal zone B- and B1-cell–specific protein (MZB1), the expression of which identified MZB1+/CD38+/CD138+/CD27+/CD45−/CD20− plasma B cells in fibrotic lung and skin tissue. MZB1 levels correlated positively with tissue IgG and negatively with diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide.Conclusions: Despite the presumably high molecular and cellular heterogeneity of ILD, common protein regulations are observed, even across organ boundaries. The surprisingly high prevalence of MZB1-positive plasma B cells in tissue fibrosis warrants future investigations regarding the causative role of antibody-mediated autoimmunity in idiopathic cases of organ fibrosis, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Changes Induced in a Strain of Fibro blasts From a Strain C3H Mouse by the Action of 20-Methylcholanthrene (Preliminary Report)
Authors: W. R. Earle
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1943)

Changes Induced in a Strain of Fibro blasts From a Strain C3H Mouse by the Action of 20-Methylcholanthrene (Preliminary Report) Get access W. R. Earle W. R. Earle senior cytologist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 3, Issue 5, June 1943, Pages 555–558, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/3.5.555 Published: 01 June 1943
Lack of Glycogenin Causes Glycogen Accumulation and Muscle Function Impairment
Authors: Giorgia Testoni, Jordi Duran, Mar García-Rocha, Francisco Vilaplana, Antonio L. Serrano, David Sebastián, Iliana López-Soldado, Mitchell A. Sullivan, Felipe Slebe, Marta Vilaseca, Pura Muñoz-Cánoves, Joan J. Guinovart
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2017)
PLA2R and THSD7A: Disparate Paths to the Same Disease?
Authors: Laurence H. Beck
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2017)

The phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) and thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A (THSD7A) are the two major autoantigens in primary membranous nephropathy (MN), and define two molecular subclasses of this disease. Both proteins are large transmembrane glycoproteins expressed by the podocyte, and both induce IgG4-predominant humoral immune responses that produce circulating autoantibodies that can be used clinically for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. The biologic roles of these proteins remain speculative, although several features of THSD7A suggest a role in adhesion. PLA2R-associated MN was initially found to associate with risk alleles within HLA-DQA1 , but subsequent studies have shifted the focus to the HLA-DRB locus. Three distinct humoral epitope-containing regions have been defined within the extracellular portion of PLA2R, and it appears that the number of targeted epitopes may determine disease severity. Although similar information is not yet available for THSD7A-associated MN, this form of MN may have a unique association with malignancy. Finally, it appears likely that other autoantigens in primary MN exist. Although protocols similar to those that identified PLA2R and THSD7A may be successful in the identification of novel antigenic targets in MN, newer techniques such as laser-capture mass spectrometry or protein arrays may be helpful as well.
Cost-effectiveness of radiation and chemotherapy for high-risk low-grade glioma
Authors: Yushen Qian, Satoshi Maruyama, Haju Kim, Erqi L Pollom, Kiran A Kumar, Alexander L Chin, Jeremy P Harris, Daniel T Chang, Allison Pitt, Eran Bendavid, Douglas K Owens, Ben Y Durkee, Scott G Soltys
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

The addition of procarbazine, lomustine, vincristine (PCV) chemotherapy to radiotherapy (RT) for patients with high-risk (≥40 y old or subtotally resected) low-grade glioma (LGG) results in an absolute median survival benefit of over 5 years. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of this treatment strategy.A decision tree with an integrated 3-state Markov model was created to follow patients with high-risk LGG after surgery treated with RT versus RT+PCV. Patients existed in one of 3 health states: stable, progressive, or dead. Survival and freedom from progression were modeled to reflect the results of RTOG 9802 using time-dependent transition probabilities. Health utility values and costs of care were derived from the literature and national registry databases. Analysis was conducted from the health care perspective. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis explored uncertainty in model parameters.Modeled outcomes demonstrated agreement with clinical data in expected benefit of addition of PCV to RT. The addition of PCV to RT yielded an incremental benefit of 4.77 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) (9.94 for RT+PCV vs 5.17 for RT alone) at an incremental cost of $48635 ($188234 for RT+PCV vs $139598 for RT alone), resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $10186 per QALY gained. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis demonstrates that within modeled distributions of parameters, RT+PCV has 99.96% probability of being cost-effectiveness at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100000 per QALY.The addition of PCV to RT is a cost-effective treatment strategy for patients with high-risk LGG.
Effect of radiation therapy and socioeconomic factors on survival in Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL): A SEER data analysis.
Authors: Samip R. Master, Nebu V. Koshy, J. Ben Wilkinson, Glenn Morris Mills, Runhua Shi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

7537 Background: Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL) is curable in up to 80% of patients due, in part, to simultaneous advances in chemotherapy regimens as well as radiation therapy planning and delivery. Concerns regarding the historical use of large-field radiotherapy on overall survival have been published. We performed a SEER data analysis to evaluate the impact of patient and treatment related factors on survival in HL. Methods: Data from 39,700 patients ( ≥ 18 years of age) registered in the SEER with HL diagnosis between 1983-2011 and follow up through 2012 were analyzed. Impact of patient demographics (sex, age, race, and ethnicity, year of diagnosis, family income, education, unemployment, poverty level and stage of disease) and treatment characteristics (delivery of radiotherapy) on survival were evaluated via Multivariate analysis. Results: Median age was 36 years old. Most patients were Ann Arbor Stage II (39%) at diagnosis with the remainder distributed evenly between the remaining stages (I, III, IV: 19-21%). In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for secondary predictor variables including stage of disease, radiation therapy was a statistically significant predictor of overall survival from HL (HR: 0.72, (95% CI: 0.68-0.75). A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that radiotherapy improved survival for all patients, irrespective of stage. Factors associated with worse survival included older age, male sex, extra nodal disease, advanced stage disease, poverty, African–American race, and Hispanic ethnicity. Conclusions: Radiation therapy improved survival in patients with all stages of HL. Socioeconomic factors associated with worse survival in this study may be related to particular patterns of care and warrant additional study.
ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities: Executive Summary
Authors: Andrew E. Epstein, John P. DiMarco, Kenneth A. Ellenbogen, N.A. Mark Estes, Roger A. Freedman, Leonard S. Gettes, A. Marc Gillinov, Gabriel Gregoratos, Stephen C. Hammill, David L. Hayes, Mark A. Hlatky, L. Kristin Newby, Richard L. Page, Mark H. Schoenfeld, Michael J. Silka, Lynne Warner Stevenson, Michael O. Sweeney
Journal: Circulation (2008)
NCCTG N10C2 (Alliance): A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of magnesium supplements to reduce menopausal hot flashes.
Authors: Haeseong Park, Rui Qin, Thomas J. Smith, Pamela J. Atherton, Debra L. Barton, Keren Sturtz, Shaker R. Dakhil, Daniel M. Anderson, Philip J. Stella, Suneetha Puttabasavaiah, Nguyet A Le-Lindqwister, Gilbert D. A. Padula, Charles L. Loprinzi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

9508 Background: Hot flashes (HFs) are a common symptom in female breast cancer survivors that can negatively impact quality of life. Preliminary data suggest that magnesium may be an effective, low-cost treatment for HFs causing minimal side effects. Methods: A four-arm, double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized trial was conducted. Postmenopausal women with a history of breast cancer and bothersome HFs were randomized into treatment groups of 800 mg or 1200 mg of magnesium oxide per day, or a corresponding placebo group in 2:2:(1:1) ratios. HF frequency and scores (number times severity) were measured using a validated HF diary. A one-week baseline period preceded initiation of study medication. The primary endpoint was the intra-patient difference in average hot flash score between baseline and at the end of the treatment period, comparing each magnesium arm to the combined placebo arms using a gate-keeping procedure. With a sample size of 80 patients per arm, there was 80% power to detect a difference of 8.6 points in HF score (on 0-100) using a two-sided 5% type I error rate. Results: 289 women were enrolled between 12/2011 and 03/2013. The study arms were well balanced. Results were analyzed using a repeated measures model on weekly HF score, based on a modified intent-to-treat principle. Mean HF scores, frequencies, and associated changes at the end of the treatment period for each arm are show in the table. An increased frequency of diarrhea was reported in magnesium arms compared to placebo. No statistically significant difference in other toxicity or quality of life measures occurred. Conclusions: The results of this trial do not support the use of magnesium oxide for HFs. Clinical trial information: NCT01439945. Placebo (N=90) 1,200 mg (N=91) P value** 800 mg (N=88) P value** Mean baseline HF score (SD) 17.3 (10.8) 15.4 (10.5) 0.09 16.0 (9.6) 0.48 Mean HF score reduction* (SD) 5.9 (8.6) 5.4 (6.6) 0.84 4.2 (5.8) 0.31 Mean baseline HF frequency (SD) 8.9 (4.5) 7.6 (3.9) 0.03 8.5 (4.3) 0.49 Mean HF frequency reduction* (SD) 2.6 (3.3) 2.3 (2.6) 0.88 2.0 (2.3) 0.38 * Change at the end of treatment period compared to baseline. ** Kruskal-Wallis p value compared to placebo group.
Highly Accurate Detection of Cancer <i>In Situ</i> with Intraoperative, Label-Free, Multimodal Optical Spectroscopy
Authors: Michael Jermyn, Jeanne Mercier, Kelly Aubertin, Joannie Desroches, Kirk Urmey, Jason Karamchandiani, Eric Marple, Marie-Christine Guiot, Frederic Leblond, Kevin Petrecca
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Effectiveness of surgery as a cancer treatment is reduced when all cancer cells are not detected during surgery, leading to recurrences that negatively impact survival. To maximize cancer cell detection during cancer surgery, we designed an in situ intraoperative, label-free, optical cancer detection system that combines intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Using this multimodal optical cancer detection system, we found that brain, lung, colon, and skin cancers could be detected in situ during surgery with an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 97%, 100%, and 93%, respectively. This highly sensitive optical molecular imaging approach can profoundly impact a wide range of surgical and noninvasive interventional oncology procedures by improving cancer detection capabilities, thereby reducing cancer burden and improving survival and quality of life. Cancer Res; 77(14); 3942-50. ©2017 AACR.
Revised classification system for inherited epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: J D Fine, R A Eady, E A Bauer, R A Briggaman, L Bruckner-Tuderman, A Christiano, A Heagerty, H Hintner, M F Jonkman, J McGrath, J McGuire, A Moshell, H Shimizu, G Tadini, J Uitto
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2000)
Important Considerations for Diversity in the Selection of Dermatology Applicants
Authors: Elias Oussedik
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2017)

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