tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 13513: Roles of Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization in Pulmonary Microcirculation in Mice
Authors: Shuhei Tanaka, Saori Sato, Yosuke Ikumi, Akiyo Ito, Hiroki Saito, Shigeo Godo, Hiroaki Shimokawa
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: The endothelium modulates vascular tone by synthesizing and releasing endothelium-derived relaxing factors, including prostacycline (PGI 2 ), nitric oxide (NO), and endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH). Although it is widely known that EDH plays an important role in systemic microcirculation, its role in pulmonary microcirculation remains largely unknown. Furthermore, although pulmonary hypertension (PH) is recognized as a progressive vasculopathy, the initiating mechanisms of the vasculopathy also remain to be elucidated. In this study, we thus aimed to elucidate the role of EDH in pulmonary microcirculation. Methods and Results: We performed experiments with isolated perfused mouse lungs. Isolated whole lungs were prepared from control mice and chronic hypoxic mice (10% O 2 for 1, 2 and 28 days). We evaluated the contribution of PGI 2 , NO, and EDH in isolated lungs by the inhibitory effect of indomethacin (Indo, 10 -5 mol/L), N ω -nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, 10 -4 mol/L), and apamin (Apa, 10 -6 mol/L) plus charybdotoxin (CTx, 10 -7 mol/L), respectively. In control mice, endothelium-dependent relaxations to bradykinin (BK, 10 -5 mol/L) were resistant to Indo or L-NNA, but were highly sensitive to the combination of Apa and CTx, indicating the primary role of EDH in pulmonary microcirculation. Endothelium-dependent relaxations to BK were significantly reduced in the presence of L-NNA in mice exposed to hypoxia for one day, indicating a transition from EDH to NO in BK-mediated relaxations before developing PH. Importantly, endothelium-independent relaxations were subsequently reduced in the lungs from hypoxic mice for 2 and 28 days compared with normoxic lungs. Conclusions: These results indicate that EDH-mediated relaxations play primary roles in pulmonary microcirculation under physiological conditions and that hypoxia rapidly impairs EDH-mediated responses followed by vascular smooth muscle dysfunctions in pulmonary microcirculation. These findings may provide clues to elucidate the initiating mechanisms of hypoxia-induced PH.
Effective interventions to improve cancer screening rates in adult Medicaid beneficiaries.
Authors: Pamela Crenshaw Spain, Hannah Margaret Clare, Christina Fowler
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

322 Background: The Affordable Care Act (Section 1139B) requires the Secretary of HHS to identify and publish a core set of health care quality measures for adult Medicaid beneficiaries aimed at standardizing health care quality measurement across state Medicaid programs. On January 1, 2013, the Medicaid Quality Measurement Program was established to fund the development, testing, and validation of the adult health quality measures. The Medicaid Adult Core Set of Adult Health Care Quality includes two cancer screening measures (Exhibit 1). With grants from The Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services (CMS), three state Medicaid agencies carried out quality improvement projects (QIPs) aimed at increasing breast and cervical cancer screening rates. This study describes a qualitative assessment of these states’ QIPs. Methods: Data included grantee applications, semi-annual, and annual progress reports to CMS, as well as in-depth interviews with grantees. Qualitative content analysis (using both structured abstraction and deductive and inductive coding) was conducted in NVivo 11. Results: Breast and cervical cancer screening rates for adult Medicaid beneficiaries improved in these states during the 3-year grant. The most effective interventions identified by the states included: System-level interventions such as the distribution of performance dashboards with peer comparison data; Provider-level interventions such as the distribution of unmet need or gap-in-care reports; and Beneficiary-level interventions such as direct nurse outreach to beneficiaries with a gap in care. Conclusions: QIPs can improve breast and cervical cancer screening rates in adult Medicare beneficiaries. The most effective interventions are multi-pronged and should target health care systems, providers, and beneficiaries.[Table: see text]
Diversifying the NIH-Funded Workforce
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Runner Heal Thyself
Authors: Erin McConnell
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Elderly patients with advanced NSCLC: The value of geriatric evaluation and the feasibility of CGA alternatives in predicting chemotherapy toxicity
Authors: T. Almodovar, E. Teixeira, A. Barroso, M. Soares, H.J. Queiroga, J. Cavaco-Silva, F. Barata
Journal: Pulmonology (2018)

Cancer is primarily a disease of the elderly, with the incidence of older patients with cancer expected to increase in the coming years. Despite remarkable advances during the last decade, lung cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the dominant (85–90%) subtype. At diagnosis, 50% of NSCLC patients are ≥70 years and 15%, over 80 years of age. Due to their under-representation in clinical trials, current treatment decisions for older patients with cancer are based on a low level of scientific evidence. The little evidence that exists suggests that chemotherapy is effective in elderly NSCLC patients, but also indicates that they are at more risk of chemotherapy toxicity than younger adults. However, if carefully selected and monitored, elderly patients can benefit from standard chemotherapy regimens. The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) has historically been adopted to identify elderly patients who are unfit for chemotherapy, yet in clinical practice this is often not feasible as it is too time-consuming. Two promising new tools have emerged – the CRASH and CARG scores – to assign patients to varying intensities of chemotherapy based on a pre-therapy risk assessment. The strengths and shortcomings of each tool were discussed by a group of six advisors with expertise in the treatment of NSCLC. Based on a literature review and on their personal experience, CRASH and CARG were considered feasible toxicity prediction tools, appropriate for implementation in routine clinical practice, with a potentially high impact in optimizing therapy selection for elderly patients with cancer.
Feasibility of medication coordination with lay navigators in outpatient oncology clinics.
Authors: Katherine P. Morgan, Jean B. Sellers, Benyam Muluneh, Megan Carlson, William Allen Wood, Thomas C. Shea
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

81 Background: Significant obstacles exist with approval and payment of oncology medications for both the patient and pharmacy team. Our medication assistance program is supported by the clinical pharmacist (CP) and clinic staff. Many tasks are time consuming, interrupt patient care and may create medication access delays. Patients also need assistance with health insurance literacy and have minimal understanding of medication assistance resources. Lay navigators (LN) are volunteers who assist cancer patients overcome barriers to care. They are trained to work in tandem with clinical staff while linking patients to financial resources. A pilot was developed to determine the feasibility and value of integrating LN support within the pharmacy team. Methods: Four LN were integrated into oncology clinics. Tasks were assigned to the LN under the supervision of the CP. The LN documented tasks executed, entities and patients they communicated with and time spent on each encounter. Results: From April to June 2018, 4 LN were available 2 to 4 hours per week. The LN completed 46 interventions for 20 patients (Table 1). Average time spent on each intervention was 19 minutes. Over the 9-week pilot period the LN saved clinic staff a total of 10.87 hours. LN survey feedback was positive and 75% of the LN report confidence when communicating with patients about medication access. Conclusions: We have demonstrated that LN can be utilized as a pharmacy advocate for medication coordination in oncology clinics at our academic medical center. LN satisfaction was high and time savings allowed CP to focus on direct patient care. The model is cost effective and requires few resources other than financial toxicity training and supervision. Future steps will include determining financial impact, patient satisfaction and expansion into additional clinics.[Table: see text]
Gallium disrupts bacterial iron metabolism and has therapeutic effects in mice and humans with lung infections
Authors: Christopher H. Goss, Yukihiro Kaneko, Lisa Khuu, Gail D. Anderson, Sumedha Ravishankar, Moira L. Aitken, Noah Lechtzin, Guolin Zhou, Daniel M. Czyz, Kathryn McLean, Oyebode Olakanmi, Howard A. Shuman, Mary Teresi, Ellen Wilhelm, Ellen Caldwell, Stephen J. Salipante, Douglas B. Hornick, Richard J. Siehnel, Lev Becker, Bradley E. Britigan, Pradeep K. Singh
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2018)

Gallium disrupts bacterial iron metabolism and treats infections in mice and patients with chronic airway infections.
Opioid Use Disorder During Pregnancy
Authors: Bridget Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Host <i>IDO2</i> Gene Status Influences Tumor Progression and Radiotherapy Response in <i>KRAS</i>-Driven Sporadic Pancreatic Cancers
Authors: Avinoam Nevler, Alexander J. Muller, Erika Sutanto-Ward, James B. DuHadaway, Kei Nagatomo, Eric Londin, Kevin O'Hayer, Joseph A. Cozzitorto, Harish Lavu, Theresa P. Yeo, Mark Curtis, Tatiana Villatoro, Benjamin E. Leiby, Laura Mandik-Nayak, Jordan M. Winter, Charles J. Yeo, George C. Prendergast, Jonathan R. Brody
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Purpose: Heritable genetic variations can affect the inflammatory tumor microenvironment, which can ultimately affect cancer susceptibility and clinical outcomes. Recent evidence indicates that IDO2, a positive modifier in inflammatory disease models, is frequently upregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A unique feature of IDO2 in humans is the high prevalence of two inactivating single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), which affords the opportunity to carry out loss-of-function studies directly in humans. In this study, we sought to address whether genetic loss of IDO2 may influence PDAC development and responsiveness to treatment. Experimental Design: Transgenic Ido2+/+ and Ido2−/− mice in which oncogenic KRAS is activated in pancreatic epithelial cells were evaluated for PDAC. Two patient data sets (N = 200) were evaluated for the two IDO2-inactivating SNPs together with histologic, RNA expression, and clinical survival data. Results: PDAC development was notably decreased in the Ido2−/− mice (30% vs. 10%, P &amp;lt; 0.05), with a female predominance similar to the association observed for one of the human SNPs. In patients, the biallelic occurrence of either of the two IDO2-inactivating SNPs was significantly associated with markedly improved disease-free survival in response to adjuvant radiotherapy (P &amp;lt; 0.01), a treatment modality that has been highly debated due to its variable efficacy. Conclusions: The results of this study provide genetic support for IDO2 as a contributing factor in PDAC development and argue that IDO2 genotype analysis has the immediate potential to influence the PDAC care decision-making process through stratification of those patients who stand to benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy.
Voltaglue Bioadhesives Energized with Interdigitated 3D‐Graphene Electrodes
Authors: Manisha Singh, Himansu Sekhar Nanda, Richard D. O'Rorke, Adam E. Jakus, Ankur Harish Shah, Ramille N. Shah, Richard D. Webster, Terry W. J. Steele
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2018)

Abstract Soft tissue fixation of implant and bioelectrodes relies on mechanical means (e.g., sutures, staples, and screws), with associated complications of tissue perforation, scarring, and interfacial stress concentrations. Adhesive bioelectrodes address these shortcomings with voltage cured carbene‐based bioadhesives, locally energized through graphene interdigitated electrodes. Electrorheometry and adhesion structure activity relationships are explored with respect to voltage and electrolyte on bioelectrodes synthesized from graphene 3D‐printed onto resorbable polyester substrates. Adhesive leachates effects on in vitro metabolism and human‐derived platelet‐rich plasma response serves to qualitatively assess biological response. The voltage activated bioadhesives are found to have gelation times of 60 s or less with maximum shear storage modulus (G′) of 3 kPa. Shear modulus mimics reported values for human soft tissues (0.1–10 kPa). The maximum adhesion strength achieved for the ≈50 mg bioelectrode films is 170 g cm −2 (17 kPa), which exceeds the force required for tethering of electrodes on dynamic soft tissues. The method provides the groundwork for implantable bio/electrodes that may be permanently incorporated into soft tissues, vis‐à‐vis graphene backscattering wireless electronics since all components are bioresorbable.
Understanding what drives patients with cancer to visit the emergency department: A qualitative study.
Authors: Avery Longmore, Nicole Veloce, Marck Mercado, Katie Dainty, Lisa K. Hicks
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

173 Background: Visits to the emergency department (ED) are common among patients with cancer (PWCs). Previous research suggests that few ED visits are precipitated by true oncologic emergencies (Diaz-Couselo 2004). Designing initiatives to reduce ED visits requires a rich understanding of factors that drive PWCs to visit the ED. Methods: Standardized interviews were conducted with 12 oncology clinicians at an academic oncology clinic in Toronto, Canada. Interviews were also conducted with 10 PWCs. Interviews explored factors that may drive ED visits, and interviewees’ insights into interventions to prevent ED visits. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Transcriptions were qualitatively analyzed by two independent reviewers using the constant comparison method (Strauss and Corbin 1998). Results: Ten themes were identified as factors that may drive ED visits, with little overlap between themes identified by clinicians versus those identified by PWCs. Clinicians identified low socioeconomic status, lack of social support, advanced age, comorbidities, anxiety and non-adherence as important factors. In contrast, PWCs focused on the severity and expectedness of symptoms, lack of access to afterhours oncology advice and care, and adherence with medical and non-medical advice as drivers of ED visits. Regarding potential interventions, there was broad agreement between clinicians and PWCs regarding what might be helpful. Both groups identified improved access to expert cancer advice/care, improved coordination of care between clinics and ancillary health services, and patient education as important interventions. Clinicians also believed increasing community supports would help prevent ED visits. PWCs emphasized that some ED visits are not preventable. Conclusions: Clinicians and PWCs have different views on what drives ED visits. Despite identifying different drivers, clinicians and PWCs identified common solutions for reducing ED visits.
Frequency of Misinterpretation of Inconclusive Noninferiority Trials
Authors: Sergio A. Acuna, Fahima Dossa, Nancy N. Baxter
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2018)

owing to a higher rate of readmission.Limitations to our study include limited information regarding long-term follow-up, cost, and stratification based on institution type or hospital volume.There are also constraints inherent in the database we used such as potential variability in the interpretation of patient data by those who compile the database.These findings emphasize that proper discharge planning and medical support after discharge are of utmost importance.
A physical assessment tool to evaluate functional status compared to ECOG scores in cancer outpatients.
Authors: Catherine Elizabeth Crandell, Sarah Elizabeth Quinn, Christopher Jon Wingard, Reid Imel, Jarek Penney, Kevin Swartz, Jessica Weiss, Joshua Wilson, Joseph M. Flynn, John Turner Hamm
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

135 Background: Individuals with cancer may experience loss of function, disability and fatigue. There is interest in team-based functional and physical assessment as part of a comprehensive oncology care plan. The Bellarmine Norton Assessment Tool (BNAT) was developed to provide an objective physical assessment tool for interprofessional use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the BNAT and correlate its outcomes with ECOG scores across groups diagnosed with pancreatic (P), breast (B) and lung (L) cancers. Methods: The BNAT was developed by the Bellarmine University Physical Therapy Program utilizing validated physical assessment tests. It consists of 1 subjective question about physical activity frequency followed by 4 objective tests: 2-Minute Step Test (2MST), 30 Sec Sit-to-Stand, Timed Arm Curl (TAC) and Timed Up and Go. The ECOG was administered by attending oncologists during the same visit as BNAT testing. 18 participants were identified 6 in each of the diagnosis groups from a recruitment cohort of 57. The avg. age for P was 68.8±9 yrs 4♀,2♂; B 71.5±15.8 yrs 6♀; L 65.0±12.4 yrs 3♀,3♂. Results: The combined mean ± SD ECOG score was 1.2±1.0 (range 0-3) while the combined BNAT score was 15.4±6.5 (range 7-29). Mean BNAT score by diagnosis: P 16.6±7.4; B 13.0±5.5; &amp; L 18.3±5.7. Spearman correlation analysis of BNAT and ECOG scores revealed a significant (p = 0.0001) negative correlation of agreement (r = -0.79). Both B and L cancers had significant (p &lt; 0.05) correlation of agreement (B r = -0.71 &amp; L r = -0.88). TAC correlation to ECOG was strongest in L group (r = -0.86), but 2MST was strongest for P group (r = -0.62). There was a reciprocal relationship of slopes between TAC and 2MST based on diagnosis. L steepest slope in TAC (-6.2 with deviation from 0, p = 0.014) while P had steepest slope with 2MST (-13.1). Slope for B group consistently fell between the 2 other diagnoses. Conclusions: There was a strong linear relationship of BNAT, TAC &amp; 2MST to ECOG scores across the 3 cohorts of diagnoses. The BNAT subcomponents have varying degrees of contribution to the total that can be attributed to diagnosis-related functional deficits, thus giving providers information to determine appropriate care.
Dabrafenib plus trametinib in <i> <scp>BRAF</scp> </i> K601E‐mutant melanoma
Authors: A. Rogiers, D. Thomas, S. Vander Borght, J.J. Oord, O. Bechter, M. Dewaele, F. Rambow, J.‐C. Marine, P. Wolter
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)