tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Towards tackling tuberculosis in vulnerable groups in the European Union: the E-DETECT TB consortium
Authors: Ibrahim Abubakar, Alberto Matteelli, Gerard de Vries, Dominik Zenner, Daniela M. Cirillo, Knut Lönnroth, Gilda Popescu, Lucia Barcellini, Alistair Story, Giovanni Battista Migliori
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

Tuberculosis (TB) in the European Union (EU) is increasingly a public health problem that disproportionately and increasingly affects risk groups. The 30 EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries reported 60 195 cases of TB in 2015; 4.1% of which was multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB [1]. The European Respiratory Society, the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and other partners have articulated potential solutions that are embedded into the new global approach for TB control, the End TB Strategy [2–5]. Within the context of the TB elimination framework for low-incidence countries in Western Europe [5], and the TB action plan for the WHO European Region 2016–2020 that addresses the whole region with greater emphasis on high-burden countries [6], it is apparent that concrete trans-national evidence-based interventional projects are needed. To address the high disease burden of TB in vulnerable EU populations we have formed the Early DETECTion of tuberculosis consortium (E-DETECT TB). It brings together world leading TB experts in national public health agencies with industry and major academic centres, and its membership reflects the incidence of TB in different EU countries (figure 1). E-DETECT TB uses evidenced-based approaches to target vulnerable populations, including migrants to the EU, homeless persons, prisoners, problem drug users and those with MDR-TB (table 1). Here we outline the key objectives and progress of this major European TB initiative with a special focus on migrant screening in Italy and active case finding in vulnerable groups in Romania. Tackling tuberculosis requires early diagnosis, treatment and innovative transdisciplinary action through pan-European projects <http://ow.ly/1sfJ30jy3VB> The authors gratefully acknowledge the E-DETECT TB (709624) project which has received funding from the European Union's Health Programme (2014–2020). The views expressed here are the authors only and are their sole responsibility; it cannot be considered to reflect the views of the European Commission and/or the Consumers, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency or any other body of the EU. We are grateful to the staff of the consortium and project partners and colleagues who have commented on this manuscript (G. Stancanelli, V. Hack, M. Seng and D. Menezes).
On the Value of the Treatment of Diphtheria by Antitoxin: Being an Introduction to a Discussion held at the Hunterian Society
Authors: E. W. Goodall
Journal: BMJ (1899)

MIL~AL I97 i891IMCLJULA effect upon the B. coli in the intestine of injections of the toxins of B. typhi.When the toxins were administered in repeated small doses in such a manner as to produce im- munity, he found the contents of the small intestine to be sterile, the B. coli normally present there having disappeared.When an overdose of typhoid products was administered in the course of such an immunisation experi-.ment,there occurred a coli invasion, which resulted in localised abscesses from which the bacilli could be isolated.The two results of Sanarelli's work which have a direct bearing on our observations in the recent epidemic are (i) the effect of B. coli products in increasing 'the virulence of this typhoid bacillus, and (2) the effect of the injection of typhoid toxins in bringing about an invasion of B. coli.Sanarelli himself thinks it probable that antointoxication with pro- ducts of intestinal fermentation is a factor in the causation of typhoid fever, and this suggestion brings the theory of the disease into line with his experimental results.Chantemesse and Widal carried out simultaneously a research on the same subject.They consider the typhoid bacillus isolated from the spleen as having slightly more virulence than was ascribed to it by Sanarelli.But they also had redourse to adjuvants to procure a really virulent bacillus.They used, among others, the products of the B. coli.The conclusion, they state without reservation, is that some factor besides the typhoid bacillus is concerned in the production of typhoid fever.'5CONCLUSION, The observations on the epidemic which we have recorded in this paper afford further grounds for the application of the results of recent experimental work to the interpretation of the disease in the human subject.The attempts to reproduce in animals typhoid fever as a disease have been, on the whole, unsatisfactory, and, as we have seen, the difficulty is not a simple one.The first stage of the process must consist in obtaining bacilli of such virulence that they can invade the tissues of animals, and this difficulty has been overcome by the use of adjuvants.The further stages in the process of reproducing the disease are still unknown.The object before us in this investigation has been to show that in patients there can be obtained from the serum indica- tions of coli invasion during the process of typhoid fever.In other words, there is a large body of evidence to prove that Sanarelli's experimental results are directly applicable to typhoid disease in the humian subjeet.
Rapid generation of somatic liver knockouts using multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 editing
Authors: K.-D. Bissig, D. Moore, J.C. Marini, S. Elsea, B. Bissig, X. Legras, F. Pankowicz, K. Kim, C.S. Martins, M. Barzi, R. Wooton-Kee, W. Lagor
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
31Hypercholesterolemia changes HDL-miRNA signature and enhances HDL-miR126-3p and -5p delivery to endothelial cells modulating genes involved in vascular health
Authors: S Ben-Aicha, S Camino, R Escate, L Casani, G Mendieta, T Padro, L Badimon, G Vilahur Garcia
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)
Folfirinox (FFX) versus gemcitabine with nab‐paclitaxel (GNP) in the first line treatment (1LTx) of metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC): A tertiary center experience.
Authors: Ivan Barrera, Sabina Hamalova, Jill Ranger, Henry Rho, Aline Mamo, Gerald Batist, Petr Kavan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

414 Background: The efficacy of FFX and GNP as 1LTx of mPC were established in phase 3 trials against Gemcitabine alone. However, no head‐to‐head trial has been performed. This analysis was conducted to compare the use of the two regimens in the 1LTx of mPC patients (pts). Methods: Retrospective study collected data of pts diagnosed with mPC (ECOG 0‐1) that received FFX or GNP as 1LTx at the Jewish General Hospital between 2010‐2016. Pt selection for 1LTx was based in ASCO Guidelines 2016 Criteria (AGC2016). Progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using a Kaplan Meier method. Rate of 1LTx discontinuation and start of 2LTx was compared using two‐sided Fisher's exact test. Results: Among 75 pts with mPC (median age 69), 44 (59%) received FFX and 31 (41%) received GNP. In the FFX group 57% were male and 24 pts (55%) had primary tumors localized in the pancreatic head (PTPH). The majority of patients [n = 36 (82%)] had ECOG 1 at the start of FFX. The most common grade 3‐4 adverse events (AEs) were gastrointestinal symptoms (GI) [n = 12 (27%)], neutropenia (N) [n = 9 (20%)], fatigue (F) [n = 5 (11%)], and peripheral sensory neuropathy (PSN) [n = 2 (4%)]. In the GNP group 61% were male and 20 pts (65%) had PTPH. The majority of pts [n = 23 (74%)] had ECOG 1 at the start of GNP. The most common grade 3‐4 AEs were F [n = 8 (26%)], N [n = 4 (13%)], GI [n = 3 (10%)], and PSN [n = 2 (7%)]. Similar rates of 1LTx discontinuation due to AEs were seen in both groups: 5 pts (11%) in the FFX group due to GI, 2 pts (6.5%) in the GNP group due to F (p = 0.69). In the FFX cohort, 68.2% (30/44) went on to 2LTx whereas in the GNP cohort, 32% (10/31) received 2LTx (p = 0.0001). Of the FFX cohort receiving 2LTx, 40% (12/30) received GNP. The median PFS for the FFX and GNP groups were 5.75 and 4.63 months, respectively, and were not statistically significant (p = 0.523). The OS with FFX and GNP was 9.23 vs. 6.6 months (p = 0.09). Conclusions: For pts selected as per ASC2016, FFX and GNP cohorts showed similar PFS, OS, AEs, and 1LTx discontinuation rate. Our data highlight the importance of optimal therapeutic sequencing to prolong OS. A randomized trial will be needed to confirm 1LTx in mPC.
RIPK1 depletion exacerbates progression of liver fibrosis in high fat diet induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in mice
Authors: M. Farooq, C. Piquet-Pellorce, S. Dion, M.S. Eugenio, K. Santamaria, A. Filliol, M.-T. Dimanche-Boitrel, M. Samson, J. Le Seyec
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Sequelae of Nonrheumatic Myocarditis in Children: A Follow-up Study : Proceedings of the IV Conference on Prevention for Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease, January 1979, Kyoto
Authors: Teiichi Oda, Kunihiro Hamamoto, Hidenobu Morinaga
Journal: Circulation (1980)

A follow-up study of childhood myocarditis for at least 12 months (12--39 months, average 19.7 months) was made on 26 patients. Regular cardiological examinations (X-ray, ECG, PCG, MCG and UCG) and serum enzyme studies (especially LDH isozyme and CPK isozyme) were done. Clinical and cardiological normalization was seen in 13 (50.0%), not necessarily with normalized enzyme study. Major residual abnormalities were: CRBBB (3), VPC (3), abnormal Q (1), A-V block I (1), large IVth sound (1) and chronic nonobstructive cardiomyopathy (HNCM) (1). Mild, transient recurrences were seen in 3. Enzyme abnormalities, which existed at the first visit in all cases, disappeared only in 12. This suggests that somewhat active inflammatory process may persist for years, even after clinical and cardiological normalization. The patient with HNCM had a heavy familial history of cardiomyopathy. The relationship between myocarditis and cardiomyopathy was discussed. It is necessary to examine every patients with cardiomyopathy from the stand of view of myocarditis.
Transcription factors operate across disease loci, with EBNA2 implicated in autoimmunity
Authors: John B. Harley, Xiaoting Chen, Mario Pujato, Daniel Miller, Avery Maddox, Carmy Forney, Albert F. Magnusen, Arthur Lynch, Kashish Chetal, Masashi Yukawa, Artem Barski, Nathan Salomonis, Kenneth M. Kaufman, Leah C. Kottyan, Matthew T. Weirauch
Journal: Nature Genetics (2018)
Incidental Detection of an Unusual Case of B-Cell Lymphoma of the Urachal Remnant on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Shelvin Kumar Vadi, Rajender Kumar, Bhagwant Rai Mittal, Harmandeep Singh, Amanjit Bal, Gaurav Prakash, Anish Bhattacharya
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

Neoplasms arising from the urachus are extremely rare. We present a case of a young woman with mild abdominal pain and a palpable swelling in the mid abdomen with incidental detection of a subumbilical mass. Repeated fine-needle aspiration cytology failed to reveal the true nature of the lesion. F-FDG PET/CT showed tracer uptake in the cranial end of urachal remnant lesion. Core biopsy from the site with maximal FDG uptake turned out to be lymphomatous involvement in urachus, which is extremely rare and previously unreported.
The use of whole-genome sequencing in cluster investigation of a multidrug-resistant tuberculosis outbreak
Authors: Maeve K. Lalor, Nicola Casali, Timothy M. Walker, Laura F. Anderson, Jennifer A. Davidson, Natasha Ratna, Cathy Mullarkey, Mike Gent, Kirsty Foster, Tim Brown, John Magee, Anne Barrett, Derrick W. Crook, Francis Drobniewski, H. Lucy Thomas, Ibrahim Abubakar
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

We used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to delineate transmission networks and investigate the benefits of WGS during cluster investigation. We included clustered cases of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB)/extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB linked by mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit variable tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) strain typing or epidemiological information in the national cluster B1006, notified between 2007 and 2013 in the UK. We excluded from further investigation cases whose isolates differed by greater than 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Data relating to patients' social networks were collected. 27 cases were investigated and 22 had WGS, eight of which (36%) were excluded as their isolates differed by more than 12 SNPs to other cases. 18 cases were ruled into the transmission network based on genomic and epidemiological information. Evidence of transmission was inconclusive in seven out of 18 cases (39%) in the transmission network following WGS and epidemiological investigation. This investigation of a drug-resistant TB cluster illustrates the opportunities and limitations of WGS in understanding transmission in a setting with a high proportion of migrant cases. The use of WGS should be combined with classical epidemiological methods. However, not every cluster will be solvable, regardless of the quality of genomic data.
Thalidomide, Drug Safety, and Off-label Prescribing
Authors: Y. Tony Yang, Brian Chen, Charles L. Bennett
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Antiviral therapy can be avoided in most HBeAg-negative Caucasian patients in the Gray Zone
Authors: M. Bonacci, S. Lens, Z. Mariño, M.C. Londoño, S. Rodriguez-Tajes, A. Mas, M. García-López, Sofía Pérez del Pulgar, J.M. Sanchez-Tapias, X. Forns
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Dentists at Risk of Lung Disease?
Authors: Bridget Kuehn
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 15247: Pathophysiologic Correlates of Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction Predict the Presence of Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus in Patients Undergoing Transesophageal-Guided Electrical Cardioversion for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Rowlens M Melduni, Bernard J Gersh, Peter A Noseworthy, Naser M Ammash, Waldemar E Wysokinski, Jae K Oh, Fletcher A Miller, Krishnaswamy Chandrasekaran, Kent R Bailey, Charanjit S Rihal, Douglas L Packer, James B Seward, Samuel J Asirvatham, Hon-Chi Lee
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: It remains unclear to what extent reduction in blood flow in the left atrial appendage (LAA) contributes to the risk of ischemic stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF). We sought to ident...
P289Express diagnosis of myocardial injury using laser-induced fluorescence ("first-in-man" experience)
Authors: A Evtushenko, V Evtushenko, L Tsapko, S Krutitsky, I Makogonchuk, A Gusakova, S Afanasiev, E Grigoriev, Y Anfinogenova, A Boshchenko
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)
Efficacy and safety of calcineurin inhibitors as salvage therapy in patients with autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: S. Strasser, R. Lim, J. Mitchell, A. Nicoll, K. Stuart, P. Gow, G. Macquillan, J. George, J. Mitchell, W. Kemp, G. Mccaughan, S. Roberts
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Race played no part in Bawa-Garba decision, says GMC
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2018)

The UK General Medical Council’s decision to remove Hadiza Bawa-Garba from the UK medical register was in no way influenced by her race or sex, its chief executive has told The BMJ .

The comments from Charlie Massey came as the GMC announced that it had commissioned research into why black and minority ethnic (BME) doctors were more likely to be referred to it for fitness to practise issues.

Speaking to The BMJ at the British Association of Physicians of Indian Origin’s conference in Birmingham on 21 April after making the announcement, Massey said, “I can be absolutely, …
Loss of colonization resistance in cirrhosis facilitates proton pump inhibitor-associated oralization of the colonic microbiome
Authors: F. Rainer, A. Horvath, M. Bashir, B. Leber, B. Schmerboeck, A. Blesl, T. Madl, I. Klymiuk, A. Groselj-Strele, M. Durdevic, H. Grønbæk, H.J. Møller, D.E. Freedber, J.A. Abrams, R.E. Stauber, P. Fickert, P. Stiegler, V. Stadlbauer
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
A flexible MHC class I multimer loading system for large-scale detection of antigen-specific T cells
Authors: Jolien J. Luimstra, Malgorzata A. Garstka, Marthe C.J. Roex, Anke Redeker, George M.C. Janssen, Peter A. van Veelen, Ramon Arens, J.H. Frederik Falkenburg, Jacques Neefjes, Huib Ovaa
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2018)

Adaptive immunity is initiated by T cell recognition of specific antigens presented by major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs). MHC multimer technology has been developed for the detection, isolation, and characterization of T cells in infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. Here, we present a simple, fast, flexible, and efficient method to generate many different MHC class I (MHC I) multimers in parallel using temperature-mediated peptide exchange. We designed conditional peptides for HLA-A*02:01 and H-2Kb that form stable peptide–MHC I complexes at low temperatures, but dissociate when exposed to a defined elevated temperature. The resulting conditional MHC I complexes, either alone or prepared as ready-to-use multimers, can swiftly be loaded with peptides of choice without additional handling and within a short time frame. We demonstrate the ease and flexibility of this approach by monitoring the antiviral immune constitution in an allogeneic stem cell transplant recipient and by analyzing CD8+ T cell responses to viral epitopes in mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus or cytomegalovirus.
Parental Mosaicism in “De Novo” Epileptic Encephalopathies
Authors: Candace T Myers, Georgina Hollingsworth, Alison M Muir, Amy L Schneider, Zoe Thuesmunn, Allison Knupp, Chontelle King, Amy Lacroix, Michele G Mehaffey, Samuel F Berkovic, Gemma L Carvill, Lynette G Sadleir, Ingrid E Scheffer, Heather C Mefford
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Risk of Recurrence of Epileptic Encephalopathies In 10 of 120 family trios (consisting of a child with de novo epileptic encephalopathy and the child’s biologic parents), one parent was found to have mosaicism for the etiologic variant. This finding has implications for determining the risk of recurrence.
Circulating tumor cell (CTC) rise and outcome in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) with low baseline CTC counts.
Authors: David Lorente, David Olmos, Joaquin Mateo, Zafeiris Zafeiriou, Pasquale Rescigno, Diletta Bianchini, Niven Mehra, Arturo Molina, Thian Kheoh, Kurt Baeten, Robert Thomas Mccormack, Leon W M M Terstappen, Howard I. Scher, Johann S. De Bono
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

5042 Background: CTCs are prognostic in CRPC. Baseline (BL) CTC < 5 CTCs/7.5mL are associated with improved prognosis. We have previously shown that a post-treatment 30% decline in CTC is associated with improved survival (OS) in patients with high (≥5) BL CTCs. We investigated the value of a rise in CTCs during the first 12-weeks (wks) of treatment in the COU-AA-301 (abiraterone) and IMMC-38 (chemotherapy) trial datasets in patients with low (<5) baseline CTC counts. Methods: CTC of patients (pts) were determined using the CELLSEARCH (Janssen Diagnostics, LLC) platform. Pts with BL CTCs <5, and CTCs at 4, 8 or 12 weeks were evaluated. CTC progression (CTCrise) was defined as any increase in CTCs relative to BL at any of the 3 timepoints (4,8,12 wks). Landmark survival analyses at 12 wks were performed. Association of CTCrise with OS was evaluated with Cox regression in multivariable (MV) analysis (ECOG, LDH, ALP, Alb, Hb, BL CTC and PSA as covariates). Logistic regression was used to evaluate association with PSA response. Results: 509 pts (419 in COU-301 and 90 in IMMC38) were identified as having a BL CTC<5; BL CTC was 0 in 257 pts (50.7%). Overall, median OS was 21.9m (95%CI:20.6-23.3). 212 pts (41.7%) experienced a CTCrise within 12-weeks of starting treatment; of these, 117 (55%) had a CTCrise as early as 4 weeks post-treatment. OS was significantly reduced (27.1 vs 15.2 months; HR: 3.5; 95%CI 2.6-4.7) in patients with a CTCrise in these first 12-weeks. Both BL CTC (log-transformed) and CTCrise were independently associated with OS in the MV survival model. Furthermore, a PSA rise of ≥25% from baseline at 12 wks was more frequent in pts with a CTC rise vs. no rise (46.9% vs 14%, p<0.001) Conclusions: BL CTC and CTC rises are independently associated with OS in CRPC pts with low (<5) BLCTC treated with abiraterone and chemotherapy. These findings will require prospective validation CTC rise within 12 weeks and survival. N(%) OS (m) HR (95%CI)* p-value COU-AA-301 409 21.9 (20.1-23.9) CTC Rise 183 (44%) 14.9 (13.1-16.7) 3.3 (2.4-4.5) <0.001 No CTC Rise 236 (56%) 24.1 (23.2-25.1) IMMC-38 90 21.8 CTC Rise 29 (32%) 16.9 (11.2-22.6) 4.5 (1.6-12.2) 0.003 No CTC Rise 61 (68%) NR *MVA