tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Treatment of early Parkinson's disease
Authors: L. Marsh, T. M Dawson
Journal: BMJ (2000)

Parkinson's disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, affects about 1% of the population over the age of 50. While it has no cure, it is the only neurodegenerative disorder with a range of medical and neurosurgical treatments that substantially reduce clinical symptoms.1 However, medical management of early Parkinson's disease is controversial because of the potential risks and benefits to patients. Some clinicians prefer to use levodopa, a dopamine precursor, since it promptly relieves symptoms. Others prescribe dopamine agonists and withhold levodopa because of its long term complications, namely abnormal involuntary movements and potential neurotoxicity. Inevitably, managing the side effects of antiparkinsonian drugs becomes a therapeutic focus along with treating the primary motor abnormalities.1 Extended controlled clinical trials are the only means of obtaining evidence based guidance on the use of dopamine agonists or levodopa for the management of early Parkinson's disease.

The results of a recent multisite, five year, randomised, double blind study comparing the incidence of dyskinesia with levodopa or ropinirole, a dopamine D2 receptor agonist,2 should sway practitioners towards initial treatment with agonists for early Parkinson's disease. In contrast to the hypokinesis that characterises Parkinson's disease, dyskinesias related to antiparkinsonian drugs involve hyperkinetic choreoathetoid, lurching, and jerky movements. These movements are thought …
Different functional genes of upper airway microbiome associated with natural course of childhood asthma
Authors: B.‐S. Kim, E. Lee, M.‐J. Lee, M.‐J. Kang, J. Yoon, H.‐J. Cho, J. Park, S. Won, S. Y. Lee, S. J. Hong
Journal: Allergy (2017)

Microbial colonization of the airway plays a role in the pathogenesis of asthma; however, the effect of the upper airway microbiome on childhood asthma is not fully understood. We analyzed the metagenome of airway microbiome to understand the associated role of upper airway microbiome with the natural course of childhood asthma.Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from children with asthma, those in asthma remission, and control groups. High-throughput sequencing was used to examine the structure and functional dynamics of the airway microbiome with respect to asthma phenotypes.The composition of microbiota differed among healthy control, asthma, and remission groups. The relative abundance of Streptococcus was negatively associated with FEV1% predicted (P = .023) and that of Staphylococcus was negatively associated with methacholine PC20 (P = .013). Genes related to arachidonic acid metabolites, lysine residues, and glycosaminoglycans in the microbiome could be associated with airway inflammation. In particular, genes related to synthesis of anti-inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) were not detected from the airway microbiome in the asthma group.These data suggest that alterations in the composition and function of the upper airway microbiome could be related with the natural course of asthma in children.
Fruit Juice and Fruit in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children Food Packages
Authors: Kathleen M. Rasmussen, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla, Susan S. Baker
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
NERO: a pilot study but important step towards comprehensive management of obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Authors: Jean-Christian Borel, Anne Laure Borel, Amanda J Piper
Journal: Thorax (2017)

The primary goal of treatment for obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) has been to correct sleep-related breathing abnormalities, thereby reversing chronic respiratory failure. Nocturnal non-invasive ventilation (NIV) can achieve this and thus represents the cornerstone of respiratory management for this condition.1–4 While the effectiveness of NIV in improving clinical symptoms and quality of life has been convincingly demonstrated,2 3 5 the mortality rate of patients with OHS treated with NIV remains substantially higher than that of patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.6 Cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities are the key determinants of a poorer prognosis.6 7 For several years, clinicians have suggested NIV treatment should be integrated into a comprehensive treatment plan that includes lifestyle modification and rehabilitation to further improve outcomes.8–10 

In Thorax , Mandal and colleagues11 report the first randomised controlled trial evaluating the impact of a 3-month inpatient–outpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme in addition to NIV compared with NIV alone in patients with OHS. Since weight loss is obviously the main treatment for OHS, the primary outcome chosen by the authors was change in weight at 12 months. Although no statistical difference between treatment …
Bichat recommandations sur la prise en charge clinique des patients présentant une morve et/ou mélioïdose lors d'un acte de bioterrorisme
Authors: P Bossi, A Tegnell, A Baka, F van Loock, J Hendriks, A Werner, H Maidhof, G Gouvras
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2004)

La morve et la melioidose sont 2 maladies infectieuses dues a Burkholderia mallei et Burkholderia pseudomallei respectivement. L’infection peut survenir apres contact cutane ou par ingestion d’eau ou de terre contaminees. La morve et la melioidose ont ete etudies comme arme biologique par de nombreux pays par le passe. La presentation clinique de ces deux infections est assez proche: infection localisee, infection pulmonaire, septicemie et infection suppuree chronique cutanee. Le traitement antibiotique doit etre adapte en fonction des donnees de l’antibiogramme des souches isolees. En cas de contact avec un aerosol de bacterie au cours d’un acte de bioterrorisme, il est recommande de prescrire du trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole. Il n’existe pas de vaccin pour les hommes.
Prognostic Impact of Diabetes on Long-term Survival Outcomes in Patients With Heart Failure: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Marco Dauriz, Alessandro Mantovani, Stefano Bonapace, Giuseppe Verlato, Giacomo Zoppini, Enzo Bonora, Giovanni Targher
Journal: Diabetes Care (2017)

Several studies have explored the impact of diabetes on mortality in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the extent to which diabetes may confer risk of mortality and hospitalization in this patient population remains imperfectly known. Here we examine the independent prognostic impact of diabetes on the long-term risk of mortality and hospitalization in patients with HF.PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 1990 to October 2016 were the data sources used. We included large (n ≥1,000) observational registries and randomized controlled trials with a follow-up duration of at least 1 year. Eligible studies were selected according to predefined keywords and clinical outcomes. Data from selected studies were extracted, and meta-analysis was performed using random-effects modeling.A total of 31 registries and 12 clinical trials with 381,725 patients with acute and chronic HF and 102,036 all-cause deaths over a median follow-up of 3 years were included in the final analysis. Diabetes was associated with a higher risk of all-cause death (random-effects hazard ratio [HR] 1.28 [95% CI 1.21, 1.35]), cardiovascular death (1.34 [1.20, 1.49]), hospitalization (1.35 [1.20, 1.50]), and the combined end point of all-cause death or hospitalization (1.41 [1.29, 1.53]). The impact of diabetes on mortality and hospitalization was greater in patients with chronic HF than in those with acute HF. Limitations included high heterogeneity and varying degrees of confounder adjustment across individual studies.This updated meta-analysis shows that the presence of diabetes per se adversely affects long-term survival and risk of hospitalization in patients with acute and chronic HF.
A systematic review of diagnostic criteria for psoriasis in adults and children: evidence from studies with a primary aim to develop or validate diagnostic criteria
Authors: E. Burden-Teh, R.C. Phillips, K.S. Thomas, S. Ratib, D. Grindlay, R. Murphy
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2017)

The diagnosis of psoriasis in adults and children is made clinically, for both patient management and the selection of participants in research. Diagnostic criteria provide a structure for clinical assessment, which in turn helps standardize patient recruitment into clinical trials and case definitions in observational studies.The aim of this systematic review was to identify and critically appraise the published studies to date that had a primary research aim to develop or validate diagnostic criteria for psoriasis.A search of Ovid MEDLINE and Ovid Embase was conducted in October 2016. The primary objective was to record the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic criteria for psoriasis. Secondary objectives included diagnostic recommendations, applicability to children and study characteristics. Diagnostic accuracy studies were critically appraised for risk of bias using the QUADAS-2 tool.Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. None detailed clinical examination-based diagnostic criteria. The included criteria varied from genetic and molecular diagnostic models to skin imaging, histopathology, and questionnaire-based, computer-aided and traditional Chinese medicine criteria. High sensitivity and specificity (> 90%) were reported in many studies. However, the study authors often did not specify how the criteria would be used clinically or in research. This review identified studies with varying risk of bias, and due to each study developing separate criteria meta-analysis was not possible.Clinical examination-based diagnostic criteria are currently lacking for psoriasis. Future research could follow an international collaborative approach and employ study designs allowing high-quality diagnostic accuracy testing. Existing and newly developed criteria require validation.
Hunt admits that public demand for NHS has grown beyond expectations
Authors: Adrian O’Dowd
Journal: BMJ (2017)

The NHS is struggling to cope because demand has grown much faster than anticipated, MPs have been told.

Jeremy Hunt, health secretary for England, acknowledged the heavy pressures that NHS staff were working under when he appeared before the parliamentary health committee in a one-off evidence session on 31 October.

MPs asked whether the health secretary agreed with the criticisms made in a report from the House of Lords about poor long term planning, published in April.1

Hunt agreed that some of the criticisms were fair, saying, “The area where I feel the biggest lack of long term planning has been is around workforce needs and the failure to understand over many years the lead times necessary to increase capacity in the …
TCT-385 Prognostic Value of Right Ventricular Dysfunction on Clinical Outcomes Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Masahiko Asami, Stefan Stortecky, Fabien Praz, Jonas Lanz, Joe Lee, Raffaele Piccolo, George Siontis, Dik Heg, Ernest Spitzer, Eva Roost, Stephan Windecker, Thomas Pilgrim
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
The Spectrum of Subclinical Primary Aldosteronism and Incident Hypertension
Authors: Jenifer M. Brown, Cassianne Robinson-Cohen, Miguel Angel Luque-Fernandez, Matthew A. Allison, Rene Baudrand, Joachim H. Ix, Bryan Kestenbaum, Ian H. de Boer, Anand Vaidya
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2017)

Background: Primary aldosteronism is recognized as a severe form of renin-independent aldosteronism that results in excessive mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation. Objective: To investigate whether a spectrum of subclinical renin-independent aldosteronism that increases risk for hypertension exists among normotensive persons. Design: Cohort study. Setting: National community-based study. Participants: 850 untreated normotensive participants in MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) with measurements of serum aldosterone and plasma renin activity (PRA). Measurements: Longitudinal analyses investigated whether aldosterone concentrations, in the context of physiologic PRA phenotypes (suppressed, ≤0.50 µg/L per hour; indeterminate, 0.51 to 0.99 µg/L per hour; unsuppressed, ≥1.0 µg/L per hour), were associated with incident hypertension (defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg, or initiation of antihypertensive medications). Cross-sectional analyses investigated associations between aldosterone and MR activity, assessed via serum potassium and urinary fractional excretion of potassium. Results: A suppressed renin phenotype was associated with a higher rate of incident hypertension than other PRA phenotypes (incidence rates per 1000 person-years of follow-up: suppressed renin phenotype, 85.4 events [95% CI, 73.4 to 99.3 events]; indeterminate renin phenotype, 53.3 events [CI, 42.8 to 66.4 events]; unsuppressed renin phenotype, 54.5 events [CI, 41.8 to 71.0 events]). With renin suppression, higher aldosterone concentrations were independently associated with an increased risk for incident hypertension, whereas no association between aldosterone and hypertension was seen when renin was not suppressed. Higher aldosterone concentrations were associated with lower serum potassium and higher urinary excretion of potassium, but only when renin was suppressed. Limitation: Sodium and potassium were measured several years before renin and aldosterone. Conclusion: Suppression of renin and higher aldosterone concentrations in the context of this renin suppression are associated with an increased risk for hypertension and possibly also with increased MR activity. These findings suggest a clinically relevant spectrum of subclinical primary aldosteronism (renin-independent aldosteronism) in normotension. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.
Harmful Algal Bloom–Associated Illnesses in Humans and Dogs Identified Through a Pilot Surveillance System — New York, 2015
Authors: Mary Figgatt, James Hyde, David Dziewulski, Eric Wiegert, Scott Kishbaugh, Grant Zelin, Lloyd Wilson
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

Cyanobacteria, also known as blue-green algae, are photosynthetic, aquatic organisms found in fresh, brackish, and marine water around the world (1). Rapid proliferation and accumulation of potentially toxin-producing cyanobacteria characterize one type of harmful algal bloom (HAB). HABs have the potential to cause illness in humans and animals (2,3); however, the epidemiology of these illnesses has not been well characterized. Statewide in 2015, a total of 139 HABs were identified in New York, 97 (70%) of which were confirmed through laboratory analysis; 77 independent beach closures were ordered at 37 beaches on 20 different bodies of water. To better characterize HAB-associated illnesses, during June-September 2015, the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) implemented a pilot surveillance system in 16 New York counties. Activities included the collection of data from environmental HAB reports, illness reports, poison control centers, and syndromic surveillance, and increased outreach to the public, health care providers, and veterinarians. During June-September, 51 HAB-associated illnesses were reported, including 35 that met the CDC case definitions*; 32 of the cases occurred in humans and three in dogs. In previous years, New York never had more than 10 HAB-associated illnesses reported statewide. The pilot surveillance results from 16 counties during a 4-month period suggest that HAB-associated illnesses might be more common than previously reported.
Pregnancy and Subsequent Glucose Intolerance in Women of Childbearing Age
Authors: Erica P. Gunderson, Marc G. Jaffe
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
TCT-800 Long-term Target Lesion Revascularization After Treatment With Excimer Laser Coronary Atherectomy for In-Stent Restenosis of Drug-Eluting Stent
Authors: Eiji Ichimoto, Tadayuki Kadohira, Takashi Nakayama, Joseph De Gregorio
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Intravenous immunoglobulin with prednisone and risk-adapted chemotherapy for children with opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia syndrome associated with neuroblastoma (ANBL00P3): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial
Authors: Pedro A de Alarcon, Katherine K Matthay, Wendy B London, Arlene Naranjo, Sheena C Tenney, Jessica A Panzer, Michael D Hogarty, Julie R Park, John M Maris, Susan L Cohn
Journal: The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health (2017)
TCT-719 Serial Optical Coherence Tomographic Examination of In-Stent Restenosis Treated With Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty
Authors: Teruyoshi Kume, Ryotaro Yamada, Terumasa Koyama, Tomoko Tamada, Koichiro Imai, Kenzo Fukuhara, Yutaka Goryo, Ai Kawamura, Hiroshi Okamoto, Yoji Neishi, Shiro Uemura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma Exhibits Autonomous BCR Signaling and Responds to the Second Generation BTK Inhibitor Acalabrutinib
Authors: Marvyn T. Koning, Rudolf Übelhart, Sander A.J. van der Zeeuw, Philip Kluin, Marieke Griffioen, Hans G. Drexler, Szymon M. Kielbasa, Marcelo A. Navarrete, Hassan Jumaa, Hendrik Veelken
Journal: Blood (2016)
Acupuncture for Infertility in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Irina Szmelskyj, Alan Szmelskyj
Journal: JAMA (2017)

To the Editor In a trial of acupuncture and clomiphene in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), Dr Wu and colleagues found that acupuncture compared with control acupuncture did not increase live births.1
Survivals in a Phase 1 trial of autologous tumor lysate-pulsed DC vaccination after resection of esophageal cancer
Authors: Yasuyoshi Sato, Hirokazu Matsushita, Kotaro Sugawara, Hiroharu Yamashita, Kazuhiko Mori, Kazuhiro Kakimi, Yasuyuki Seto
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Epitranscriptomic influences on development and disease
Authors: Phillip J. Hsu, Hailing Shi, Chuan He
Journal: Genome biology (2017)

RNA contains over 150 types of chemical modifications. Although many of these chemical modifications were discovered several decades ago, their functions were not immediately apparent. Discoveries of RNA demethylases, along with advances in mass spectrometry and high-throughput sequencing techniques, have caused research into RNA modifications to progress at an accelerated rate. Post-transcriptional RNA modifications make up an epitranscriptome that extensively regulates gene expression and biological processes. Here, we present an overview of recent advances in the field that are shaping our understanding of chemical modifications, their impact on development and disease, and the dynamic mechanisms through which they regulate gene expression.
Muscle injury rate in professional football is higher in matches played within 5 days since the previous match: a 14-year prospective study with more than 130 000 match observations
Authors: Håkan Bengtsson, Jan Ekstrand, Markus Waldén, Martin Hägglund
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Background The association between match congestion and injury rates in professional football has yielded conflicting results. Aim To analyse associations between match congestion on an individual player level and injury rates during professional football matches. Methods Data from a prospective cohort study of professional football with 133 170 match observations were analysed with Poisson regressions. Associations between short-term match congestion, defined as number of days between two match exposures (≤3, 4, 5, 6 and 7–10 days) and injury rates were analysed. To analyse the influence of long-term match congestion, defined as individual match exposure hours in the 30 days preceding a match, observations were categorised into three groups (low, ≤4.5; medium, &gt;4.5 to ≤7.5; and high, &gt;7.5 hours). Results No differences in total match injury rates were found between the reference category (≤3 days) and the other categories of short-term congestion. Muscle injury rates were significantly lower in matches preceded by 6 (rate ratio (RR) 0.79; 95% CI 0.65 to 0.95) or 7–10 days (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.93) compared with ≤3 days since the last match exposure. No differences in total and muscle injury rates between the three long-term match congestion groups were found. Conclusions In this study of male professional football players, there were no match congestion-related differences in total match injury rates, but muscle injury rates during matches were lower when players were given at least 6 days between their match exposures.