tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA05: Immunoprevention of oral cancers
Authors: William N. William
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Oral pre-malignant lesions (OPLs) are usually clinically characterized as leukoplakia or erythhroplakia, and confer an increased risk of oral cancer. Despite decades of clinical investigations with candidate chemopreventive agents such as 13-cis-retinoic acid, beta-carotene, fenretinide, green-tea extract, celecoxib, erlotinib, among others, a standard-of-care chemoprevention strategy for oral cancers has not yet been developed. Importantly, OPLs and oral cavity cancers are not related to HPV, thus HPV vaccines are not expected to be effective in this setting. One of the greatest challenges in managing patients with OPLs is determining risk for malignant transformation and need for intervention. To that end, retrospective and prospective studies have been completed by our group and others and demonstrate that LOH profiles (primarily at 13p14 and/or 9p21) in OPLs are associated with higher incidence of oral cancers. LOH is now considered the most robust prognostic marker of cancer risk in this setting, and these data now set the stage for development of clinical trials focused on molecularly-defined high risk groups of OPLs. Immune checkpoint blockade with antibodies directed at programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) has recently been successfully developed for the management of advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, validating the importance of immune modulation in the progression of these invasive tumors. Given the favorable toxicity profile, there is interest in studying these agents for prevention of oral cancers in patients with high risk OPLs. In this presentation, we will review the data that support a role for immune surveillance and immune editing in the development of oral cancers, and describe the rationale and clinical trial design of the Immunoprevention of Oral Cancer (IPOC) study, the first randomized trial to evaluate the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab for oral cancer prevention in patients with molecularly-defined high-risk OPLs. Citation Format: William N. William, Jr. Immunoprevention of oral cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-AHNS Head and Neck Cancer Conference: Optimizing Survival and Quality of Life through Basic, Clinical, and Translational Research; April 23-25, 2017; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(23_Suppl):Abstract nr IA05.
Evaluação da classificação dos casos de encefalite transmitida por carraças na Polonia
Authors: P Stefanoff, M Eidson, D L Morse, A Zielinski
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2005)

A encefalite transmitida por carracas na Europa central e uma doenca viral do sistema nervoso central. Embore existe um Sistema de vigilância desta encefalites em Polonia desde 1970, nao ha uma definicao de caso estandardizada e as amostras de diagnostico utilisadas sao differentes dependendo da regioao. O objectivo deste estudo e fazer uma sintese de quatro anos de vigilância utilizando definicoes de caso estandardizadas. De 1999 a 2002, foram declarados ao sistema nacional de vigilância, 607 casos: 386 (63,6%) eram homens, 331 (54,5%) viviam en zonas rurais e 186 (30,6%) tinham entre 30 e 50 anos. Dos 606 casos diagnosticados, 453 (74,7%) tinham uma meningitis aseptica, 109 (18,0%) uma meningo-encefalitis e 44 (7,3%) uma meningo-encefalomielitis. Dos 607 casos notificados, 602 (99,2%) foram classificados como: casos confirmados (n=153, 25,4%), casos provaveis (343, 57,0%) e casos possiveis (106,17,6%). Foram observadas diferencas significativas por sexo : 28,6% dos casos em homens foram confirmados, comparado com 19,7% dos casos em mulheres (chi2= 10,48 ; p=0,0053). Tambem foram observadas diferencas significativas na classificacao por diagnostico clinico : 32,4% dos casos com meningoencefalitis foram classificados como casos confirmados, comparado com 24,7% dos casos de meningitis aseptica (chi2=11,79 ; p=0,019). Tambem foram identificadas diferencas significativas na distribucao por grupo de definicao de caso segundo a regiao geografica. Uma vigilância apropriada da encefalite transmitida por carracas necessita uma definicao de caso uniforme e valida em toda Europa. So 25% dos casos declarados respondem a definicao de casos confirmados, o que necessita um melhor seguimento e uma estandardizacao dos testes para os casos suspeitos.
Abstract 18025: Hypertensive Emergencies and Urgencies: Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Admitted to an Emergency Department.
Authors: Massimo Salvetti, Anna Paini, Silvia Cobelli, Claudia Agabiti Rosei, Carlo Aggiusti, Fabio Bertacchini, Deborah Stassaldi, Maria Lorenza Muiesan, Enrico Agabiti Rosei
Journal: Circulation (2010)

Background:  few data are avaliable on the prevalence of hypertensive emergencies and urgencies and on clinical characteristics of patients admitted to Emergency Departments (ED). The only available Italian data have been published in 1996. Aim of our study was to provide data on the prevalence of hypertensive emergencies and urgencies in an ED in Northern Italy, over a period of 12 months.   Methods:  between January and December 2008, medical records of patients aged ≥18 yrs, admitted to the ED of the Spedali Civili di Brescia with blood pressure values ≥180 mmHg (SBP) and/or ≥120 mmHg (DBP) were collected and analysed.   Results:  out of 77.154 patients admitted to the ED, in 2.2% BP was ≥180 mmHg (SBP) and/or ≥120 mmHg (DBP); 95% of medical records of these patients were analysed (1636 pts, 44% males, mean age 70±14 yrs, range 18–102). According to the clinical presentation and the presence of organ damage 331 pts were classified as “hypertensive emergency” (BP 193±15/102±15 mmHg), 110 as “hypertensive urgency” (BP 199±16/104±17 mmHg), 903 as “pseudo hypertensive urgency” (BP 188±11/94±12 mmHg), 259 had “uncontrolled hypertension” (BP 192±15/97±14 mmHg) and 33 had a “first diagnosis of hypertension” (BP 193±18/103±14 mmHg). The most frequent symptoms or signs were: chest pain (20%), dyspnoea (18%), neurological changes (17%), headache (11%), arrhythmias (6%), changes in consciousness (3%). Among hypertensive emergencies the prevalence of different organ damage was, respectively: 32% ischemic stroke, 25% acute coronary syndromes, 25% acute pulmonary oedema, 10% arrhythmias, 7% hemorrhagic stroke, 1% aortic dissection.   Conclusions:  admission to the ED for hypertensive emergencies and urgencies is still high. Our results underline the need for an accurate differentiation of various clinical conditions for an optimal use of medical resources.
Abstract 13328: Association of Morning and Evening Blood Pressure at Home With Target Organ Damage in the J-HOP Study
Authors: Satoshi Hoshide, Kazuomi Kario, Kazuo Eguchi, Joji Ishikawa, Yuichiro Yano, Motoki Fukutomi, Michiaki Nagai
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Several guidelines recommend that home blood pressure (BP) be measured in both the morning and evening, but few studies of the clinical significance of home BP in the morning versus the...
Abstract 11279: A Rapid Method to Evaluate Cardiac Repolarization Changes: The Effect of Two Coffee Strengths on the QT interval
Authors: Danial N Jaffrani, John C Somberg, Janos Molnar
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Coffee is a widely used beverage, consumed for its stimulant effect, which is attributed to caffeine. Controversy exists about the acute and chronic cardiovascular effects of coffee in man including potential arrhythmogenicity. Surprisingly, very few studies with conflicting results have evaluated the effect of coffee or caffeine on ventricular repolarization. This is especially important in that prolongation in ventricular repolarization may lead to ventricular arrhythmias. The primary objective of this study was to assess the effect of coffee on ventricular repolarization as measured by the QT/QTc interval obtained from the body surface ECG. Methods: Fifty four healthy volunteers (34 males, 20 females, age: 23±5 years) received 1 cup coffee (caffeine: 120 mg) and 11 volunteers received 2 cups. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured prior to coffee and every hour thereafter for 5 hours. A 12-lead digital Holter was recorder continuously. The Holter analysis system automatically generates a representative median QRST complex for each 1 minute segment of the recordings and measures RR and QT intervals. The position of cursors indicating the beginning of the QRS complex and the end of the T wave were visually evaluated and their positions adjusted (as needed). The system has been validated for QT/QTc analysis. RR, QT and QTc intervals were tabulated every 30 minutes. The QTc intervals were calculated by the Fridericia formula. Results: Following coffee, maximum changes were noted at 1.5 hr in RR which increased from 802±102 to 873±126 ms (p=0.001), and QT increased from 359±26 to 367±27 ms. The QTc shortened from 387±21 to 381±23 ms at 30 minutes (p=0.001) with no significant changes noted at the other time points. The HR decreased from 73±9 to 69±11 bpm at 1 hr. (p=0.018). There were no significant changes in BP. The effects of 1 or 2 cups coffee did not differ on QTc (p=0.663), HR (p=0.161), diastolic (p=0.250) or systolic BP (p=0.168). Caffeine users and caffeine naïve subjects did not differ in QTc effect (p=0.971). Females had longer QTc at each time point than males (p=0.037) but neither had QTc prolongation following coffee. Conclusion: Neither 1 nor 2 cups of coffee prolonged ventricular repolarization as measured by the QTc interval.
More Than 1 in 5 Working Adults Use Some Form of Tobacco
Authors: Rita Rubin
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
De Novo DNA Methylation Is Associated with Granulopoiesis and Megakaryopoiesis but Not Erythropoiesis
Authors: Jens Lichtenberg, Elisabeth F. Heuston, Stacie M. Anderson, NIH Intramural Sequencing Center, Cheryl A. Keller, Ross C. Hardison, David M. Bodine
Journal: Blood (2016)
Invasiveness reduction of recent total en bloc spondylectomy.
Authors: Takayoshi Ishii, Hideki Murakami, Satoru Demura, Satoshi Kato, Katsuhito Yoshioka, Hiroyuki Hayashi, Noriaki Yokogawa, Takashi Igarashi, Xiang Fang, Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e13037 Background: Conventionally, patients with spinal metastasis are believed to be in the terminal stage. Poor outcomes are noted despite surgery, curettage, or piecemeal excision because of local recurrence. En bloc resection is the optimal treatment of a malignant spinal tumor. Total en bloc spondylectomy (TES) is used to completely resect a malignant spinal tumor such as spinal metastasis. In June 2010, we developed a “second-generation” TES combined with tumor-induced cryoimmunology. Second-generation TES is getting less invasive. A retrospective study was performed to assess the outcomes of second-generation TES. Methods: Thoracic TES by posterior single approach was performed by one surgeon in 63 patients between June 2010 and September 2013 at our university hospital. We evaluated three groups of patients: 20 undergoing surgery in the year that second-generation TES was developed (group I), 20 in the second year (group II), and 23 in the third year (group III). Patient backgrounds did not remarkably differ. Operating time, intraoperative blood loss, volume of concentrated red cell transfusion, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and creatine phosphokinase (CK) levels on postoperative days 1 and 3 and week 1 were compared among the groups. The level of significance was p < 0.05 by the Tukey-Kramer method. Results: Mean operating time was 486±130 min in group I, 441±85 min in group II, and 396±75 min in group III. Operating time was significantly shorter in group III than in group I (p<0.05). Intraoperative blood loss was 901±646 mL in group I, 723±1310 mL in group II, and 411±167 mL in group III. Intraoperative blood loss was the least in group III. An increased number of surgeries was associated with lower blood loss volume. As a result, no surgery in group III had a blood loss volume >700 mL. Furthermore, no transfusion was required in 20 patients in group III. Postoperative CRP levels on postoperative day 3 were lower in group III than in group I (mean, 6.12 vs. 10.07 mg/L; p<0.05). Postoperative CK levels did not differ among the groups. Conclusions: Second-generation TES can no longer be considered highly invasive. Thus, TES can be performed safely for cancer patients with suppressed immune systems.
Durability and correlates of vaccine protection against Zika virus in rhesus monkeys
Authors: Peter Abbink, Rafael A. Larocca, Kittipos Visitsunthorn, Michael Boyd, Rafael A. De La Barrera, Gregory D. Gromowski, Marinela Kirilova, Rebecca Peterson, Zhenfeng Li, Ovini Nanayakkara, Ramya Nityanandam, Noe B. Mercado, Erica N. Borducchi, Abishek Chandrashekar, David Jetton, Shanell Mojta, Priya Gandhi, Jake LeSuer, Shreeya Khatiwada, Mark G. Lewis, Kayvon Modjarrad, Richard G. Jarman, Kenneth H. Eckels, Stephen J. Thomas, Nelson L. Michael, Dan H. Barouch
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2017)

Not all vaccines afford robust protection against ZIKV challenge in rhesus monkeys at 1 year after vaccination.
Abstract A17: Molecular and clinicopathological features of native Nigerian colorectal cancer
Authors: David O. Irabor, Marilena Melas, Stephen B. Gruber, Chanjuan Shi, Leon Raskin
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) needs no introduction in Africa; once a rare cancer type, it is now the 3rd or 4th most common cancer. However, there are significant differences in the incidence rates, tumor biology, and clinical behavior in comparison to other populations. While the total incidence rates are about one-tenth of those in the developed world, Nigerian CRC occurs at a younger age and rapidly metastasizes. Molecular pathology and genetics of African CRC have not been comprehensively studied. In addition to better understanding of the biology of African CRC, analysis of genetic and molecular biomarkers, including microsatellite instability (MSI), is aimed at improving CRC diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in Africa. We obtained 83 CRC paraffin-embedded blocks from the University of Ibadan and private pathology laboratories in Ibadan collected in the period from 2007 to 2014. Median age of the cases was 56±14.6 years with equal number of males and females. More than 60% of the patients had stage III and IV CRC. The majority were adenocarcinomas (76%) with a relatively high prevalence of mucinous adenocarcinoma (10%) and signet ring carcinoma (4%). Of all patients, 66% had rectal cancer. Poorly differentiated tumors were observed in 34% of all cases. We found a high prevalence of MSI CRC (43%, 15/35) in the tested Nigerian samples. There were no significant differences in clinicopathological features, including tumor location, between MSI and microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC. Our results are in line with our previous report that found a high prevalence (41%) of MSI CRC in Ghanaian patients. These findings raise important questions about the role of genetic and environmental factors in CRC development in West Africa. Citation Format: David O. Irabor, Marilena Melas, Stephen B. Gruber, Chanjuan Shi, Leon Raskin. Molecular and clinicopathological features of native Nigerian colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR International Conference: New Frontiers in Cancer Research; 2017 Jan 18-22; Cape Town, South Africa. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(22 Suppl):Abstract nr A17.
Interaction of margin status and tumour burden determines survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Rui Mao, Jian-Jun Zhao, Xin-Yu Bi, Ye-Fan Zhang, Zhi-Yu Li, Jian-Guo Zhou, Hong Zhao, Jian-Qiang Cai
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2017)
Assessment of Predictive Factors in Post-Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Patients Diagnosed with Rectal Cancer Who Undergo a Complete Pathological Response
Authors: P. Tsakkos, P. Waters, D. Vukanic, S. Alam, J. O'Riordan, D. O'Riordain, D. Kavanagh, P. Neary
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2017)
Abstract 16215: Statin Use in Asymptomatic Patients With Sepsis and Elevated Troponin is Associated With Lower Risk of Mortality
Authors: Andin H Mullis, Hanumantha R Jogu, Muhammad I Ahmad, Ahmad Feroz, Vivek Mendapara, Mohamed M Saleh, Reham S Elfawal, Nirmal Kumar R Onteddu, Waqas T Qureshi
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background:  In sepsis, patients frequently develop elevated levels of troponins. It is not clear if statin therapy in these patients improves outcomes. We examined the association of statin use at discharge with mortality in septic patients with elevated troponin.   Methods:  We examined 936 consecutive patients diagnosed with sepsis who had elevated troponin levels on admission. Patients with septic shock were excluded. Statin use was defined by the presence of documentation that statin prescription was provided at discharge. Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for demographics and clinical covariates examined the association of statin use with all-cause mortality.   Results:  Of 936 patients, there were 344 (36.8%) individuals treated with statin therapy. There were 108 (31.4%) deaths in statin users and 236 (41.0%) among non-statin users. The mean peak troponin level was 1.00 ± 0.09 ng/ml. In a Cox model adjusted for age, sex, race, peak troponin, hypertension, diabetes, known coronary artery disease, known end stage renal disease, known stroke, hyperlipidemia, use of anticoagulation during the hospitalization, use of antiplatelet during hospitalization, use of antiplatelet at discharge, use of anticoagulation at discharge, and beta blocker use at discharge, statin use was associated with lower risk of mortality (HR 0.46; 95% CI 0.35, 0.61, p  1 ng/dl (HR 0.19, 95% CI 0.08, 0.44, p = 0.0001 vs. HR 0.52; 95% CI 0.39, 0.69, p    Conclusions:  Among septic patients with elevated troponin, statin use was associated with lower risk of mortality. This protective association was much stronger in patients with troponin levels >1. Future research should focus on its use in septic patients in a randomized trial.
Effect of ciclopirox olamine in immunotherapy effect by stimulating immunogenic cell death in pancreatic cancer
Authors: C. Mihailidou, P. Papakotoulas, D. Schizas, A. Papalampros, M. Vailas, E. Felekouras, T. Liakakos, A. Papavassiliou, M.V. Karamouzis
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of colistin – evaluation of seven commercial MIC products against standard broth microdilution for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter spp.
Authors: E. Matuschek, J. Åhman, C. Webster, G. Kahlmeter
Journal: Clinical Microbiology and Infection (2017)
Abstract 10898: The Probiotic Bacterium <i>Lactobacillus Plantarum 299v</i> Improves Vascular Endothelial Function and Decreases Inflammatory Biomarkers in Men With Established Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Mobin Malik, Michael E Widlansky, Tisha Suboc, Allison Coulliard, Jidong Su, Nita H Salzman, John E Baker
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: There is a significant unmet clinical need to identify novel therapies to prevent and treat the progression of cardiovascular disease. This requires identification of additional contributory processes to the pathogenesis of heart disease so that mechanism-based interventions may be developed. Hypothesis: Our objective was to translate the recently discovered mechanistic link in rats between changes in the intestinal microbiota and the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease to humans. Methods: Twenty male adult patients with stable coronary heart disease on stable doses of vasoactive medications and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors consumed a probiotic drink containing Lactobacillus plantarum 299v (3 oz. serving containing 20 billion colony forming units) once a day for 42 days. Vascular endothelial function was measured at the beginning and end of the study period by brachial flow-mediated dilation. Results: The probiotic improved brachial artery flow mediated dilation, a surrogate marker of cardiovascular risk, by 33% from 3.55 + 1.96% to 4.73 + 2.33% with a trend towards decreased LDL-cholesterol by 8% from 96 + 11 mg/dl to 88 + 10 mg/dl. Probiotic therapy decreased circulating levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-8 by 24% (17±2 to 13±1 pg/ml) and IL-12 by 20% (56±7 to 45±6 pg/ml). Whole microbiome analysis based on abundance of 2,206 taxa using hierarchical clustering revealed no separation of the overall intestinal microbial population between pre- and post-probiotic treatment samples. Bacterial genus richness ranged from 334 to 530 and archaeal ranged from 8 to 25, with no significant differences between pre- and post-probiotic samples. Lactobacillus and Bacillus species were enriched in post-probiotic samples. Lactobacillus plantarum 299v levels were elevated in post-probiotic samples, confirming patient compliance. Conclusions: Our discovery of a relationship between Lactobacillus plantarum 299v, improved vascular endothelial function and decreased inflammation indicates intestinal microbiota may be developed as therapies to prevent and treat the progression of cardiovascular disease.