tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a deep-learning algorithm for the detection of polyps during colonoscopy
Authors: Pu Wang, Xiao Xiao, Jeremy R. Glissen Brown, Tyler M. Berzin, Mengtian Tu, Fei Xiong, Xiao Hu, Peixi Liu, Yan Song, Di Zhang, Xue Yang, Liangping Li, Jiong He, Xin Yi, Jingjia Liu, Xiaogang Liu
Journal: Nature Biomedical Engineering (2018)
Disrupting the LINC complex in smooth muscle cells reduces aortic disease in a mouse model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome
Authors: Paul H. Kim, Jennings Luu, Patrick Heizer, Yiping Tu, Thomas A. Weston, Natalie Chen, Christopher Lim, Robert L. Li, Po-Yu Lin, James C. Y. Dunn, Didier Hodzic, Stephen G. Young, Loren G. Fong
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2018)

Disrupting the LINC complex reduces aortic disease in a mouse model of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome.
Control of chronic lymphocytic leukemia development by clonally-expanded CD8+ T-cells that undergo functional exhaustion in secondary lymphoid tissues
Authors: Bola S. Hanna, Philipp M. Roessner, Haniyeh Yazdanparast, Dolors Colomer, Elias Campo, Sabrina Kugler, Deyan Yosifov, Stephan Stilgenbauer, Manfred Schmidt, Richard Gabriel, Peter Lichter, Martina Seiffert
Journal: Leukemia (2018)
Immune Marker Profiling and Programmed Death Ligand 1 Expression Across NSCLC Mutations
Authors: Maria I. Toki, Nikita Mani, James W. Smithy, Yuting Liu, Mehmet Altan, Brad Wasserman, Rasikh Tuktamyshov, Kurt Schalper, Konstantinos N. Syrigos, David L. Rimm
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2018)
Abstract 16274: Endurance Ablation With Moderately Increased Radiofrequency Power Facilitates Long-lasting Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Isolation And Better Clinical Outcomes In Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Hee Tae Yu, Junbeom Park, Tae-Hoon Kim, Jae-Sun Uhm, Jong-Youn Kim, Boyoung Joung, Moon-Hyoung Lee, Hui-Nam Pak
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Recurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is related to the reconnection of circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI). Hyp...
Wild type <i>VHL </i>clear cell renal cell carcinomas: A distinct morphological and clinical entity with PD-L1 expression.
Authors: Laurence Crouzet, Angelique Brunot, Julien Dagher, Adelaide Pladys, Julien Edeline, Brigitte Laguerre, Pierre Kerbrat, Gregory Verhoest, Karim Bensalah, Pascale Bellaud, Roselyne Viel, Florence Jouan, Nathalie Rioux-Leclercq, Solene-Florence Kammerer-Jacquet
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

11053 Background: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is an aggressive tumor and in most of cases, is characterized by an inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene VHL (Von Hippel-Lindau). This inactivation causes an overexpression of the target genes of HIF-dependent transcription factor. VHL/HIF/VEGF pathway thus has a major role in oncogenesis and is currently targeted by anti-VEGF therapy. The emergence of resistance leads to the development of immunotherapy. The interaction of programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L1) with its receptor (PD-1) on T cells inactivates antitumor immune responses. PD-L1 expression appears to be associated with poor outcome in ccRCC. The correlation between complete VHL status and the expression of PD-L1 has not yet been investigated. Methods: In this study, we correlated the complete status of the VHL gene in 98 ccRCC cases with pathological criteria, expression of PDL1 and clinical outcome. For these patients, we had 64 months median follow-up. From frozen tumor sections, VHL gene deletion, mutation and promoter hypermethylation were screened. PD-L1 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry on the highest Fuhrman nuclear grade and considered positive when any membranous tumor cell staining was detected. Results: 33.6% of ccRCCs had 0 or 1 alteration (non inactivated VHL) versus 66.3% with 2 inactivating events (inactivated VHL). Non inactivated VHL ccRCCs were associated with a higher Fuhrman grade 4 (p = 0.02), metastases (p = 0.04), sarcomatoid component (p = 0.01) and dense lymphocyte infiltrate (p = 0.013). Furthermore, in this group, wild type VHL tumors (no alteration of the VHL gene, 11,2%), were particularly associated with PD-L1 expression (p < 0,0001), and had a worse outcome with a median specific survival of 33 months (p = 0.016). Conclusions: This long-term study is the first to analyze complete VHL gene status in ccRCC in association with PDL1 expression. Wild type VHL ccRCCs represent a distinct entity with probably different involved oncogenic pathways. Interestingly, they overexpress PD-L1 and may benefit therapies inhibiting PD-L1/PD-1.
The effects of participation in an individualized exercise program under the supervision of health care professionals on cancer-related fatigue.
Authors: Mary Elizabeth Megan, John Scott Maul, Lauren Ashley Olson, Jennifer Lynn Pogodzinski, Maharaj Singh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

208 Background: A majority of (80–100%) of patients with cancer report cancer-related fatigue. Physical activity has shown to be an effective intervention for cancer-related fatigue. The cancer rehabilitation team at Aurora Health Care’s Aurora Medical Center Grafton initiated the Exercise for Cancer Recovery Program (ECRP) in order to have a greater impact on the quality of life of their patients. ECRP was an individualized exercise program taking place in a group setting with other cancer survivors under the supervision of healthcare professionals. The program was open to patients with all types and stages of cancer, including patients in active treatment as well as those who completed treatment. The aim of the study was to determine if participation in ECRP reduces cancer-related fatigue. Methods: Upon referral and/or clearance from the patient’s oncologist/advanced practitioner, the patient was evaluated by a physical therapist and placed on an individualized exercise program. ECRP ran twice per week for an hour. Patients followed and filled out an exercise log. During each session, the supervising health care professionals circulated throughout the class, providing individual guidance as appropriate to ensure safe participation and motivation. Baseline data on fatigue was obtained for each patient upon the initial session and monthly thereafter using the Brief Fatigue Inventory Outcome Measurement tool (BFI) over a 12-month period dating from January to December 2017. Twenty-seven patients participated in ECRP. Not all patients attended all exercise sessions or completed BFI every month. The minimum fatigue score was determined and compared with the initial score utilizing a paired t-test and signed rank test. Results: Data was obtained and analyzed utilizing a paired t-test and a signed rank test to evaluate the significance of BFI scores obtained between the initial and minimum score. There was a significant reduction in the Total Brief Fatigue score (P-value &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: An exercise program resulted in a significant reduction in cancer-related fatigue with improved patient outcomes and patient satisfaction.
Decreasing initiation of chemotherapy time in elective patients admitted to an inpatient hematology malignancy unit.
Authors: Jose Nahun Galeas, Stuart H. Packer, Susan Sakalian, Royston Browne, Adam Binder
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

120 Background: At our institution, we observed that 86% (n = 25) of patients admitted for elective chemotherapy experienced a delay (greater than 6 hours) in initiating their treatment. Methods: We measured time from admission to chemotherapy administration (Defined from time of vital signs taken at admission until time of chemotherapy administration) in patients admitted for elective chemotherapy. Key process measures were identified and monitored (i.e, time from admission to laboratory exam results, time from admission to chemotherapy signed, time from chemotherapy signed to chemotherapy released by nurse from the EMR). We collected data every two weeks. After collecting data and utilizing performance improvement tools such as a pareto chart and PICK chart, we developed multiple PDSA cycles as described in Table 1. Results: At the time of interim analysis, we observed a median decrease in time to chemotherapy administration from 25 hours to 8.85 hours. Median time to lab draws decreased from 2.33 hours to -0.63 hours. There was no change in time from signature to nurse releasing the chemotherapy. We noticed more providers were signing the chemotherapy prior to patient admission and more patients were receiving pre-admission alkalinization strategies. Conclusions: By implementing new admission workflows, optimizing our use of the EMR to communicate among providers, and improving pre-admission planning we were able to reduce our time to chemotherapy for elective admissions by 64.6%. Improvement still needed to meet our goals and fully standardize the processes as part of our daily workflow.[Table: see text]
Impact of radiotherapy facility volume on the management and survival of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer receiving bladder-preserving therapy.
Authors: Kevin D'Rummo, Mindi TenNapel, Xinglei Shen
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

18 Background: Higher facility surgical volume predicts for improved survival in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who undergo radical cystectomy. Here, we investigated the association between facility radiotherapy (RT) case volume and compliance with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines as well as overall survival (OS) for patients with MIBC receiving radiation-based bladder preservation. Methods: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was used to identify patients who were diagnosed with non-metastatic MIBC from 2004 to 2015 and received RT at the reporting institution. Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics were recorded. Facility RT case volume was defined as the summed MIBC cases treated with RT during the study period. Facilities were divided into high or low volume groups at the 80th percentile of RT case volume. We compared compliance with NCCN guidelines regarding total RT dose of at least 55 Gy, use of TURBT prior to RT, and planned use of concurrent chemotherapy using the χ 2 test. OS was assessed using Kaplan-Meier method. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to evaluate predictors of survival. Results: There were 7,562 included patients, and 3,816 (50.5%) were treated at a high-volume center. Median RT case volume was 21 for high-volume centers versus 8 cases for low-volume centers. Higher rates of compliance with all three NCCN recommendations were observed at high-volume centers (48% vs 41%, P&lt; .0001). Age, sex, tumor stage, nodal status, Charlson Comorbidity Index, insurance status, and use of a TURBT prior to RT were predictive of survival. Volume as a continuous variable was an independent predictor of OS ( P= .002). Treatment at a high-volume facility was associated with significantly greater OS for all patients (log-rank P= .001), including patients with a Charlson Comorbidity Index of 0 ( P= .012). Further division of facilities into quartiles revealed incremental improvement in OS with higher facility volume ( P= .001). Conclusions: Bladder preservation treatment at a high-volume facility is associated with greater guideline-concordant management and improved OS among patients with MIBC.
Biomineralization‐Inspired Material Design for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Daniel de Melo Pereira, Pamela Habibovic
Journal: Advanced Healthcare Materials (2018)

Abstract Synthetic substitutes of bone grafts, such as calcium phosphate–based ceramics, have shown some good clinical successes in the regeneration of large bone defects and are currently extensively used. In the past decade, the field of biomineralization has delivered important new fundamental knowledge and techniques to better understand this fascinating phenomenon. This knowledge is also applied in the field of biomaterials, with the aim of bringing the composition and structure, and hence the performance, of synthetic bone graft substitutes even closer to those of the extracellular matrix of bone. The purpose of this progress report is to critically review advances in mimicking the extracellular matrix of bone as a strategy for development of new materials for bone regeneration. Lab‐made biomimicking or bioinspired materials are discussed against the background of the natural extracellular matrix, starting from basic organic and inorganic components, and progressing into the building block of bone, the mineralized collagen fibril, and finally larger, 2D and 3D constructs. Moreover, bioactivity studies on state‐of‐the‐art biomimicking materials are discussed. By addressing these different topics, an overview is given of how far the field has advanced toward a true bone‐mimicking material, and some suggestions are offered for bridging current knowledge and technical gaps.
For Whom the Cell Tolls? Intratumoral Treatment Links Innate and Adaptive Immunity
Authors: Ivan Marquez-Rodas, María Angela Aznar, Antonio Calles, Ignacio Melero
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Intratumoral immunotherapy can potentially modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and potentiate the effects of concomitant or sequential systemic immunotherapies. Intratumoral administration of different Toll-like receptor agonists, including TLR4, can potentiate these effects through innate and adaptive immunity connection.See related article by Bhatia et al., p. 1185.
BOXIT—A Randomised Phase III Placebo-controlled Trial Evaluating the Addition of Celecoxib to Standard Treatment of Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder (CRUK/07/004)
Authors: John D. Kelly, Wei Shen Tan, Nuria Porta, Hugh Mostafid, Robert Huddart, Andrew Protheroe, Richard Bogle, Jane Blazeby, Alison Palmer, Jo Cresswell, Mark Johnson, Richard Brough, Sanjeev Madaan, Stephen Andrews, Clare Cruickshank, Stephanie Burnett, Lauren Maynard, Emma Hall
Journal: European Urology (2018)
Intrathoracic Airway Closure Impacts CO<sub>2</sub> Signal and Delivered Ventilation during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Domenico L. Grieco, Laurent J. Brochard, Adrien Drouet, Irene Telias, Stéphane Delisle, Gilles Bronchti, Cecile Ricard, Marceau Rigollot, Bilal Badat, Paul Ouellet, Emmanuel Charbonney, Jordi Mancebo, Alain Mercat, Dominique Savary, Jean-Christophe M. Richard
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2018)

End-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) is used to monitor cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), but it can be affected by intrathoracic airway closure. Chest compressions induce oscillations in expired CO2, and this could reflect variable degrees of airway patency.To understand the impact of airway closure during CPR, and the relationship between the capnogram shape, airway closure, and delivered ventilation.This study had three parts: 1) a clinical study analyzing capnograms after intubation in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest receiving continuous chest compressions, 2) a bench model, and 3) experiments with human cadavers. For 2 and 3, a constant CO2 flow was added in the lung to simulate CO2 production. Capnograms similar to clinical recordings were obtained and different ventilator settings tested. EtCO2 was compared with alveolar CO2 (bench). An airway opening index was used to quantify chest compression-induced expired CO2 oscillations in all three clinical and experimental settings.A total of 89 patients were analyzed (mean age, 69 ± 15 yr; 23% female; 12% of hospital admission survival): capnograms exhibited various degrees of oscillations, quantified by the opening index. CO2 value varied considerably across oscillations related to consecutive chest compressions. In bench and cadavers, similar capnograms were reproduced with different degrees of airway closure. Differences in airway patency were associated with huge changes in delivered ventilation. The opening index and delivered ventilation increased with positive end-expiratory pressure, without affecting intrathoracic pressure. Maximal EtCO2 recorded between ventilator breaths reflected alveolar CO2 (bench).During chest compressions, intrathoracic airway patency greatly affects the delivered ventilation. The expired CO2 signal can reflect CPR effectiveness but is also dependent on airway patency. The maximal EtCO2 recorded between consecutive ventilator breaths best reflects alveolar CO2.
Advancement of Medical Knowledge: Lessons Learned From the Past
Authors: Frank Sellke
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Since the days of Hippocrates and Galen, medical knowledge has expanded at a seemingly exponential rate. While many of the early discoveries have stood the test of time, many of the early and even recent “advances” have been found to be totally incorrect. Unfortunately, this not only results in the publication of inaccurate data, but may lead to incorrect assumptions, ineffective directions for further research, and in the end, negative or harmful clinical trials and therapies for the treatment of human illnesses based on false information. How can we decrease the likelihood that false information will be propagated? One way is to consider that all scientific knowledge, even well established dogma, is not necessarily correct. Another way is to acknowledge that one study does not prove anything. Furthermore, it is often the case that an incorrect conclusion is not due to incorrect data, but misinterpretation of the data. As it has been demonstrated on many instances, acceptance of knowledge as irrefutable fact can set back science decades or in some cases centuries. How can we prevent the propagation of inaccurate, irreproducible or fabricated information? One must be skeptical of all scientific findings, and especially clinical findings. Even those seemingly well established may in the future be found to be wrong. Data derived from in vitro or animal experiments may be interesting and potentially important, but should reflect what happens clinically. Finally, just because someone is an expert, does not mean that person is correct. Having healthy skepticism of all scientific findings may prevent the propagation of incorrect information and optimize overall scientific advancement.
The Combinatorial Creature: Cortical Phenotypes within and across Lifetimes
Authors: Leah A. Krubitzer, Tony J. Prescott
Journal: Trends in Neurosciences (2018)

HighlightsThere are multiple time-scales that are relevant for understanding how a given phenotype emerges. Brains change across large, evolutionary time-scales, shorter time-scales such as generations, and within the life of an individual.Any given phenotype is a combination of genes involved in brain and body development, behavior, and the environment in which an individual develops. A similar phenotype in different species may be due to homology, but can also be the result of a different combination of factors.There are several constraints that restrict the avenues along which evolution of the brain and body can proceed. One of these constraints is the contingent nature in which genes are deployed during development. Another constraint is genetic pleiotropy; a single gene can be expressed in different portions of the nervous system at different times in development and can be involved in different aspects of brain and body organization. Finally, the laws of physics constrain brain evolution.The human neocortex has an extraordinary capacity to adapt based on context, allowing for rapid phenotypic change even within a single generation. Our species has also evolved a remarkably fluid brain/body interface with the environment, such that tools and machines can be incorporated into our body schema, which extends our embodiment and peripersonal space.AbstractThe neocortex is one of the most distinctive structures of the mammalian brain, yet also one of the most varied in terms of both size and organization. Multiple processes have contributed to this variability, including evolutionary mechanisms (i.e., alterations in gene sequence) that alter the size, organization, and connections of neocortex, and activity dependent mechanisms that can also modify these same features. Thus, changes to the neocortex can occur over different time-scales, including within a single generation. This combination of genetic and activity dependent mechanisms that create a given cortical phenotype allows the mammalian neocortex to rapidly and flexibly adjust to different body and environmental contexts, and in humans permits culture to impact brain construction.
Development of a PREM for acute leukemia and/or stem cell transplantation.
Authors: Erica Bridge, Suman Dhanju, Andrea Smith, Simron Singh, Lesley Moody
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

195 Background: People with complex hematologic malignancies (eg. acute leukemia) require highly specialized care from the time of initial diagnosis, throughout treatment and into survivorship. Often, stem cell transplantation is an essential component of treatment for some people with complex hematologic malignancies. A challenge with generic patient-reported experience measure (PREM) tools is that they do not capture areas of concern for a specific population, which was the case for people with complex hematologic malignancies. Therefore, a disease-specific PREM was developed to address relevant aspects of the patient experience. Methods: The development consisted of:1)literature review to identify relevant patient experience items;2)modified Delphi process where patient experience items were rated by experts (n = 10); 3)cognitive interviews (n = 8) to ensure that items were clear and understandable; and 4)pilot of survey. Results: Through the review of literature, two existing PREMs were identified as relevant for this patient population and potential items were extracted:1)the Ambulatory Oncology Patient Satisfaction Survey (n = 90); and2)the Canadian Patient Experience Survey – Inpatient Care (n = 44).The modified Delphi processes consisted of three rounds (an online survey and two in-person meetings to discuss results), which resulted in 73 items being eliminated and 29 items being added.A 90-item PREM was utilized for the cognitive interviews with patients and/or family members, where 14 items were removed and 6 items were added. Conclusions: The PREM was named Your Voice Matters-Acute Leukemia and Stem Cell Transplant, and includes 82 items for measuring the patient experience of complex hematologic malignancies.Surveys were distributed via mail to eligible patients from 10 Regional Cancer Centres in Ontario, Canada in May 2018.Results are anticipated for August 2018.
Abstract 14879: Resonance Phenomenon in the Success of Pulmonary Vein Isolation Procedure for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Shimaa S Khidr, Sahadev T Reddy, Victor Farah, Mark Doyle, Geetha Rayarao, Ronald Williams, Mohamed Abdel Ghany, Hosam H Elaraby, Doaa Fouad, Moneal Shah, Robert W Biederman
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: Afib recurrence after single pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) procedure on paroxysmal AF ranges from 38% to 78%. In persistent AF PVI patients, success rate of the initial procedure does ...
Association Between the Experimental Kickoff Rule and Concussion Rates in Ivy League Football
Authors: Douglas J. Wiebe, Bernadette A. D’Alonzo, Robin Harris, Margot Putukian, Carolyn Campbell-McGovern
Journal: JAMA (2018)

This before-after study investigates changes in concussion among Ivy League football players after implementation of a 2016 rule change intended to land more kickoffs in the end zone and reduce player injury.
Phase 1 study of pomalidomide and dexamethasone for relapsed/refractory primary CNS or vitreoretinal lymphoma
Authors: Han W. Tun, Patrick B. Johnston, Lisa M. DeAngelis, Pamela J. Atherton, Levi D. Pederson, Patricia A. Koenig, Craig B. Reeder, Antonio M. Padula Omuro, David Schiff, Brian O’Neill, Jose Pulido, Kurt A. Jaeckle, Christian Grommes, Thomas E. Witzig
Journal: Blood (2018)