tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 20971: Associations Between Objectively Measured Sleep Duration and 10-Year Predicted Cardiovascular Risk in Older Adult Women
Authors: Kelsie M Full, Jacqueline Kerr, Dana Song, Atul Malhotra, Linda Gallo, Elva M Arredondo, Katie Stone, Michael J LaMonte, Marcia L Stefanick, Andrea Z LaCroix
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: In the US, 90% of women are living with one or more CVD risk factors, such as: high total cholesterol or hypertension, or lifestyle behaviors such as physical inactivity. Emerging evidence supports sleep duration, both short and long, as a potential modifiable lifestyle factor associated with CVD. Research on sleep duration and CVD risk is, however, limited by use of self-report sleep measures, homogeneous populations, and studies on individual CVD risk factors. Hypothesis: We examined the relationship between objectively measured sleep duration and predicted CVD risk, estimated by Reynolds Risk Score (RRS). We hypothesized that short sleep (&lt;6 hours) and long sleep (&gt;8 hours) would be associated with higher RRS compared to 6-8 hours. Methods: Cross-sectional data were analyzed in 1,316 racial/ethnically diverse older women, from the Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Study, ancillary study to the Women’s Health Initiative. Women wore ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers on the hip for 24 hours over 7 days and completed a daily sleep log. RRS was calculated using data on age, sex, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and high-sensitivity to CRP. Daily sleep duration was derived from accelerometer data. Adjusted linear regression models estimated the association of sleep duration and RRS. Participants were categorized as short (&lt;6), healthy (6-8), and long sleepers (&gt;8hrs/day) to account for non-linear associations with RRS. Adjusted means across categories were calculated using least-squares means procedure. Results: Results suggest a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and RRS, with both short and long sleepers having significantly increased RRS compared to healthy sleepers (both comparisons p&lt;0.01), with adjustments for BMI and race/ethnicity. Short and long sleepers had mean RRS of 15.7% and 13.6% respectively, compared to 11.2% among healthy sleepers. Results remained significant after further adjustments for education, self-rated health, and alcohol use. Conclusions: In older women, when compared to healthy sleep, actigraphy-ascertained short and long sleep durations are associated with increased 10-year estimated CVD risk, independent of adjustment for race/ethnicity, BMI, and known covariates.
Abstract 10762: Inositol Triphosphate Receptor Activation Provides Inotropic Support to Human Ventricular Myocytes
Authors: Sergio Signore, João Ferreira-Martins, Andrea Sorrentino, Kazuya Isobe, Fabio del Ben, Christian Arranto, Mehrdad Shafaie, Ramaswamy Kannappan, Ewa Wybieralska, Giorgia Palano, Hanqiao Zheng, Polina Goihberg, Toru Hosoda, Annarosa Leri, Jan Kajstura, Piero Anversa, Marcello Rota
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum via inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) regulate the growth and fate of human cardiac stem cells, but whether IP3Rs are operative in the derive...
New options for the management of chronic hyperkalemia
Authors: Linda Fried, Csaba P. Kovesdy, Biff F. Palmer
Journal: Kidney International Supplements (2017)

Hyperkalemia is a frequently detected electrolyte abnormality that can cause life-threatening complications. Hyperkalemia is most often the result of intrinsic (decreased glomerular filtration rate; selective reduction in distal tubule secretory function; impaired mineralocorticoid activity; and metabolic disturbances, such as acidemia and hyperglycemia) and extrinsic factors (e.g., drugs, such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors, and potassium intake). The frequent use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors in patients who are already susceptible to hyperkalemia (e.g., patients with chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, or congestive heart failure) contributes to the high incidence of hyperkalemia. There is a need to understand the causes of hyperkalemia and to be aware of strategies addressing the disorder in a way that provides the most optimal outcome for affected patients. The recent development of 2 new oral potassium-binding agents has led to the emergence of a new paradigm in the treatment of hyperkalemia.
Soft tissue sarcoma incidence trends and demographic patterns by histologic type in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, 1978-2001: An analysis of 26,758 cases
Authors: Susan S. Devesa, Lois B. Travis, Jorge Toro, Kangmin Zhu, Hongyu Wu, Christopher D. M. Fletcher
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

4050  Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a heterogeneous group of relatively uncommon tumors that show a broad range of differentiation, such as smooth muscle (leiomyosarcoma), adipocytic (liposarcoma), striated muscle (rhabdomyosarcoma), endothelial (angiosarcoma), or fibroblastic (e.g., dermatofibrosarcoma); they may arise in soft tissue or specific organs. Routinely-tabulated STS rates do not include the organ-specific sarcomas and thus underestimate true STS rates. We analyzed all1978-2001 SEER Program STS cases, including the organ-specific, according to demographic characteristics by histologic type and anatomic site to reveal clues for further research aimed at elucidating the etiology of these cancers. After excluding sarcomas of bones or joints and Kaposi’s sarcoma, 26,758 cases were available for analysis. Leiomyosarcomas accounted for 24% of the total, malignant fibrous histiocytomas 17%, liposarcomas 12%, dermatofibrosarcomas 11%, rhabdomyosarcomas 5%, angiosarcomas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors each 4%, and other specified sarcoma types 8%; fibrosarcomas not otherwise specified (NOS) and sarcomas NOS accounted for 4% and 13%, respectively. Almost half the STSs arose in soft tissue (48%); the skin accounted for 14%, uterus 7%, retroperitoneum 7%, stomach 4%, and small intestine 3%; the remaining 17% arose in other sites. Total STS incidence rates were highest among black women (6.26/100,000 woman/years), followed by black men (5.99) and white men (5.49), with the lowest rate among white women (4.60). This pattern was largely driven by higher rates of leiomyosarcoma among blacks compared to whites, with rate ratios of 1.2 and 1.7 among males and females, respectively, especially those occurring in the uterus (1.7) and stomach (2.6 and 3.7) (the latter now classified as GIST). Dermatofibrosarcomas also were more frequent among blacks, with rate ratios of 1.6 among males and 1.8 females. Only angiosarcomas clearly occurred more frequently among whites than blacks. Total STS rates rose logarithmically with age following a modest early childhood peak due to rhabdomyosarcoma. Rates for both uterine leiomyosarcoma and dermatofibrosarcoma rose rapidly during the childbearing years before plateauing or even declining thereafter, with the peak for dermatofibrosarcoma about age 40 years and for leiomyosarcoma about age 50 years. From 1978-1983 to 1996-2001, age-adjusted rates for all STSs combined increased at 1.2% and 0.8% per year among white males and females, respectively, both statistically significant, while rates among blacks declined slightly. Incidence patterns varied considerably by histologic type, supporting that these tumors are etiologically distinct and that they should be considered separately in analytic studies.
Eosinophilic esophagitis: update on management and controversies
Authors: Joan W Chen, John Y Kao
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic allergen driven immune mediated disease that is increasingly recognized as a leading cause of dysphagia and foregut symptoms in children and adults. Much knowledge has been gained in recent years on the genetic and environmental risk factors for this disease, the associated inflammatory milieu, and the long term complications from esophageal remodeling. In this review we will highlight recent progress made in research into this disease, focusing on adults. We will discuss ongoing efforts to develop a minimally invasive technique that may obviate the need for repeated endoscopic assessment of disease activity. Moreover, we will review studies using novel tools such as mucosal impedance and functional lumen imaging as potential surrogate markers for mucosal integrity and esophageal remodeling. With regard to the treatment of eosinophilic inflammation, we will discuss the controversies surrounding responsiveness to proton pump inhibitors in some patients. Therapeutic trials continue to support the use of topical glucocorticoids and empiric food elimination diets as first line treatments. We will discuss ongoing efforts to optimize the elimination diet protocol to decrease the level and duration of food restrictions. Looking ahead, our growing knowledge on the pathogenesis of eosinophilic esophagitis has enabled further advancement of promising targeted biologic therapies.
A Comparison of Laboratory Testing in Teaching vs Nonteaching Hospitals for 2 Common Medical Conditions
Authors: Victoria Valencia, Vineet M. Arora, Sumant R. Ranji, Carlos Meza, Christopher Moriates
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

Robust laboratory use data are lacking to support the general assumption that teaching hospitals with trainees routinely order more laboratory tests for inpatients than do nonteaching hospitals.To quantify differences in the use of laboratory tests between teaching and nonteaching hospitals.A cross-sectional study was performed using a statewide database to identify hospitalizations with a primary diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia or cellulitis from January 1, 2014, to June 30, 2015, at teaching and nonteaching hospitals with 100 or more hospitalizations of each condition. Patients included were adult inpatients with a primary diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia (n = 24 118) or cellulitis (n = 19 211); patients excluded were those with an intensive care unit stay, transfer from another hospital, or a length of stay that was 2 SDs or more of the condition's mean length of stay.Mean laboratory tests per day stratified by illness severity, as well as factors associated with laboratory use rates.A total of 43 329 hospitalized patients (20493 women and 22836 men) had a principal diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia or cellulitis across 11 major teaching hospitals, 12 minor teaching hospitals, and 73 nonteaching hospitals in Texas. Mean number of laboratory tests per day varied significantly by hospital type and was highest for major teaching hospitals for both conditions (bacterial pneumonia: major teaching hospitals, 13.21; 95% CI, 12.91-13.51; nonteaching hospitals, 8.92; 95% CI, 8.84-9.00; P < .001; cellulitis: major teaching hospitals, 10.43; 95% CI, 10.16-10.70; nonteaching hospitals, 7.29; 95% CI, 7.22-7.36; P < .001). This association held for all levels of illness severity for both conditions, except for patients with cellulitis with the highest illness severity level. In generalized mixed linear regression models, controlling for additional patient and encounter covariates, there was a significant difference in the marginal effect of hospital teaching status on mean number of laboratory tests per day between major teaching and nonteaching hospitals (difference in marginal mean laboratory tests per day for bacterial pneumonia, 3.58; 95% CI, 2.61-4.55; P < .001; for cellulitis, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.76-3.47; P < .001).Compared with nonteaching hospitals, patients in Texas admitted to major teaching hospitals with bacterial pneumonia or cellulitis received significantly more laboratory tests after controlling for illness severity, length of stay, and patient demographics. These results support the need to examine how the culture of training environments may contribute to increased use of laboratory tests.
LTBK-03 MULTICENTER RANDOMIZED PLACEBO CONTROLLED TRIAL OF AUTOLOGOUS FORMALIN FIXED TUMOR VACCINE FOR NEWLY DIAGNOSED GLIOBLASTOMAS
Authors: Yoshihiro Muragaki, Takashi Maruyama, Eiichi Ishikawa, Masayuki Nitta, Soko Ikuta, Koji Tsuboi, Akira Matsumura, Hideo Nakamura, Tatsuya Abe, Ryuta Saito, Yosuke Tabei, Yoshiki Arakawa, Yasutomo Momii, Katsuyuki Karasawa, Masao Matsutani, Tadao Ohno, Yoichi Nakazato, Katsuya Maebayashi
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

Unlike immune checkpoint inhibitors, various vaccines have failed to demonstrate sufficient evidence in phase III studies due to the multiple antigenicity of neoplasms. Autologous formalin-fixed tumor vaccine (AFTV) from paraffin-embedded tissue is stable, and contains multiple tumor peptides, which are designed to induce killer lymphocytes in vivo (Nat Med 1995, 1996). We conducted three AFTV trials of Phase Ib or IIa for recurrent and newly-diagnosed glioblastoma (ndGBM), which demonstrate promising results. (Clin Cancer Res 2004; J Neurosurg 2011, 2013). In addition, a multicenter double-blind Phase IIb/III trial has been initiated. Patients from 16 to 75 years of age with supratentorial ndGBM, extensive resection, KPS of at least 60, and no prolonged steroids, were eligible. Planned patient enrollment was 120. AFTV or placebo, including for adjuvant treatment, was administered intradermally 3 times preceding (1) temozolomide chemoradiotherapy, (2) first and (3) second courses of adjuvant temozolomide. In 30 months, 63 patients were registered for phase IIb and 61 cases were analyzed (mean age, 61 years). Median resection rate was 95%, median KPS was 80. In the whole cohort, median OS and progression-free survival (PFS) was 31.5 and 14.5 months, respectively. Comparison of the AFTV group (median OS, 25.6 months; 3-year OS rate, 38%) and the placebo group (median OS, 31.5 months; 3-year OS rate, 41%) did not reveal a significant difference in OS (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 0.57 - 2.47; P = 0.64). Median PFS was 13.5 months in both groups (P = 0.98). According to a subgroup analysis of tumors with negative p53 immunostaining, 3-year OS of AFTV and placebo was 79% and 43%, respectively (P = 0.072). Surprisingly, for patients undergoing total resection of tumors, 3-year PFS of AFTV and placebo was 81% and 46%, respectively (P = 0.067). There were no severe adverse effects. Phase IIb of AFTV trial for ndGBM did not demonstrate obvious survival impact in the whole cohort. However, subgroup analyses of tumors with negative p53 immunostaining or after total resection revealed possible better outcomes after AFTV therapy. These results will be investigated further in the Phase III part of the study.
Chemopreventive effects of dietary flaxseed on azoxymethane-induced colon tumor development in rats
Authors: Ajay Reddy, Bhanu Arasada, Duane Matthees, Chandradhar Dwivedi
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

3474   Studies have shown that fats containing ω-6 fatty acids (e.g., corn oil) enhanced and ω-3 fatty acids (e.g., fish oil, flaxseed oil) reduced chemically induced colon tumors in rats. Lignans have also been shown to prevent colon cancer development in experimental animals. The objective of the present investigation is to study the effects of dietary flaxseed meal, a source of both ω-3 fatty acids and lignans on colon cancer development, and compare with the effects of dietary corn meal. Male Fischer rats, two groups of 24 each were assigned to the AIN-93M diet supplemented with 15% corn meal and 15% flaxseed meal respectively. Carcinogenesis was initiated with subcutaneous injections of azoxymethane (15 mg/kg) once a week for three consecutive weeks. After 35 weeks of initiation, rats were sacrificed under ether anesthesia. Blood was collected by cardiac puncture. The gastrointestinal tract was isolated and flushed with ice-cold normal saline. The site, size and number of tumors were recorded. The fatty acid composition of the serum, colon and tumors was determined using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization detector. COX-2 activity was assayed by using Cayman COX activity assay kit in microsomes prepared from colon for both groups. Colon tumor incidence, multiplicity and size were found to be 82.6% and 29.4%; 1.3 and 0.2 tumors/rat; 44.4 and 5.3 mm 2  in corn and flaxseed groups respectively. Colon and serum samples of the corn group showed an increase in ω-6 fatty acids levels where as the flaxseed group exhibited an increase in ω-3 fatty acid levels. COX-2 activity in flaxseed group was significantly lower when compared to corn group. Dietary flaxseed meal containing high levels of ω-3 fatty acids and possibly lignans is effective in preventing colon tumor development as compared to dietary corn meal. This investigation is supported from a grant from North Dakota Oil Seed Council.
Abstract 16469: One Hundred Consecutive Patients With Perceval Sutureless Valve: A Good Alternative to Standard Avr and Tavr
Authors: Paolo Piccoli, Annalisa Moggi, Nicola Camurri, Vinicio Fiorani, Jacopo Manfredi, Nicola Pederzolli, Manfredo Rambaldini
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction:The recently introduced sutureless prostheses for aortic valve replacement allow short cross-clamp and CPB times with good clinical and haemodynamic performances. It is arguable that these factors can positively impact on post-operative morbidity and mortality, in particular in those patients with a medium- high risk profile. This study shows the mid-term results of a single center experience in patients undergoing AVR. with the Perceval sutureless bioprosthesis (Sorin Group, Saluggia, Italy) Methods:One hundred patients (64 female; mean age 78.2±4.7 years) with aortic valve stenosis (mean gradient of 51.3±14,2 mmHg) underwent aortic valve implantation with the sutureless Perceval bioprosthesis. High-thoracic epidural analgesia was used in 31 patients (31%). Associated CABG surgery was performed in 29 patients (29,%). The mean logistic EuroSCORE was 14.9±9.4% and the STS score was 3,3±1,7. Results:Thirty-day mortality was 2% (n=2). Mean CPB and cross-clamp times for isolated AVR were 38,1±18,6 and 24,2±9,8 minutes respectively. Perioperative echocardiography revealed significant paravalvular leakage in three patients (3%). Postoperative mean trans-valvular gradient was 13.6±5.2 mmHg. AV block requiring PM implantation occurred in 2 patients (2%). No thrombosis and no post-operative strokes were observed. At a mean follow-up of 13±6.7 months, no significant paravalvular leakage or valvular regurgitation was observed, and no migration or dislodgement of the prosthesis occurred. Conclusions:This study shows that sutureless implantation of the Perceval aortic valve bioprosthesis provides a simple and reproducible alternative for standard AVR and TAVR in medium-high risk patients eligible for AVR. The use of this self-anchoring valve was also associated in our patients with absence of embolic events and a very low incidence of AV blocks requiring PM implantation. These findings encourage the use of this valve in a broader spectrum of patients A control randomized trial is needed to confirm these promising findings.
circRNA Mediates Silica-Induced Macrophage Activation Via HECTD1/ZC3H12A-Dependent Ubiquitination
Authors: Zewei Zhou, Rong Jiang, Xiyue Yang, Huifang Guo, Shencun Fang, Yingming Zhang, Yusi Cheng, Jiang Wang, Honghong Yao, Jie Chao
Journal: Theranostics (2017)

Rationale: Phagocytosis of silicon dioxide (SiO2) into lung cells causes an inflammatory cascade that results in fibroblast proliferation and migration, followed by fibrosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a subclass of non-coding RNAs detected within mammalian cells; however, researchers have not determined whether circRNAs are involved in the pathophysiological process of silicosis. The upstream molecular mechanisms and functional effects on cell apoptosis, proliferation and migration were investigated to elucidate the role of circRNAs in SiO2-induced inflammation in pulmonary macrophages. Methods: Primary cultures of alveolar macrophages from healthy donors and patients as well as the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line were used to explore the functions of circHECTD1 (HECT domain E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1) in macrophage activation. Results: The results of the experiments indicated that 1) SiO2 concomitantly decreased circHECTD1 levels and increased HECTD1 protein expression; 2) circHECTD1 and HECTD1 were involved in SiO2-induced macrophage activation via ubiquitination; and 3) SiO2-activated macrophages promoted fibroblast proliferation and migration via the circHECTD1/HECTD1 pathway. Tissue samples from silicosis patients confirmed the upregulation of HECTD1. Conclusions: Our study elucidated a link between SiO2-induced macrophage activation and the circHECTD1/HECTD1 pathway, thereby providing new insight into the potential use of HECTD1 in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treating silicosis.
Errors in Data Input in Meta-analysis on Association Between Initial Use of e-Cigarettes and Subsequent Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Samir Soneji
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2017)

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Abstract 16059: Centhaquin Citrate Improves Cerebral Blood Flow and Reduces Oxidative Stress Following Hemorrhagic Shock in Rats
Authors: Mary Leonard, Zhong Zhang, Seema Briyal, Gwendolyn Pais, Shruti Patel, Anil Gulati
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Centhaquin citrate (PMZ-2010) undergoing clinical trial (NCT02408731) has been shown in animal studies to be an effective resuscitative agent, significantly improving survival of hemo...
Early Experience With New Transcatheter Mitral Valve Replacement
Authors: Vinayak Bapat, Vivek Rajagopal, Christopher Meduri, R. Saeid Farivar, Antony Walton, Stephen J. Duffy, Robert Gooley, Aubrey Almeida, Michael J. Reardon, Neal S. Kleiman, Konstantinos Spargias, Stratis Pattakos, Martin K. Ng, Michael Wilson, David H. Adams, Martin Leon, Michael J. Mack, Sharla Chenoweth, Paul Sorajja, Neal S. Kleiman, Michael Reardon, Tanvir Bajwa, Daniel O’Hair, Vivek Rajagopal, Christopher Meduri, Mathew Williams, Hasan Jilaihawi, Paul Sorajja, R. Saeid Farivar, Antony Walton, Stephen Duffy, Robert Gooley, Aubrey Almeida, Martin Ng, Michael Wilson, Konstantinos Spargias, Stratis Pattakos, Mika Laine, Helena Haenninen, Thomas Modine, Augustin Coisne, David Hildick-Smith, Uday Trivedi, Daniel Blackman, Betsy Evans, Ronak Rajani, Simon Redwood
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)