tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ticagrelor Plus Aspirin, Ticagrelor Alone, or Aspirin Alone on Saphenous Vein Graft Patency 1 Year After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Qiang Zhao, Yunpeng Zhu, Zhiyun Xu, Zhaoyun Cheng, Ju Mei, Xin Chen, Xiaowei Wang
Journal: JAMA (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> The effect of ticagrelor with or without aspirin on saphenous vein graft patency in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is unknown. <h3>Objective</h3> To compare the effect of ticagrelor + aspirin or ticagrelor alone vs aspirin alone on saphenous vein graft patency 1 year after CABG. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> Randomized, multicenter, open-label, clinical trial among 6 tertiary hospitals in China. Eligible patients were aged 18 to 80 years with indications for elective CABG. Patients requiring urgent revascularization, concomitant cardiac surgery, dual antiplatelet or vitamin K antagonist therapy post-CABG, and who were at risk of serious bleeding were excluded. From July 2014 until November 2015, 1256 patients were identified and 500 were enrolled. Follow-up was completed in January 2017. <h3>Interventions</h3> Patients were randomized (1:1:1) to start ticagrelor (90 mg twice daily) + aspirin (100 mg once daily) (n = 168), ticagrelor (90 mg twice daily) (n = 166), or aspirin (100 mg once daily) (n = 166) within 24 hours post-CABG. Neither patients nor treating physicians were blinded to allocation. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Primary outcome was saphenous vein graft patency 1 year after CABG (FitzGibbon grade A) adjudicated independently by a committee blinded to allocation. Saphenous vein graft patency was assessed by multislice computed tomographic angiography or coronary angiography. <h3>Results</h3> Among 500 randomized patients (mean age, 63.6 years; women, 91 [18.2%]), 461 (92.2%) completed the trial. Saphenous vein graft patency rates 1 year post-CABG were 88.7% (432 of 487 vein grafts) with ticagrelor + aspirin; 82.8% (404 of 488 vein grafts) with ticagrelor alone; and 76.5% (371 of 485 vein grafts) with aspirin alone. The difference between ticagrelor + aspirin vs aspirin alone was statistically significant (12.2% [95% CI, 5.2% to 19.2%];<i>P</i> &lt; .001), whereas the difference between ticagrelor alone vs aspirin alone was not statistically significant (6.3% [95% CI, –1.1% to 13.7%];<i>P</i> = .10). Five major bleeding episodes occurred during 1 year of follow-up (3 with ticagrelor + aspirin; 2 with ticagrelor alone). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Among patients undergoing elective CABG with saphenous vein grafting, ticagrelor + aspirin significantly increased graft patency after 1 year vs aspirin alone; there was no significant difference between ticagrelor alone and aspirin alone. Further research with more patients is needed to assess comparative bleeding risks. <h3>Trial Registration</h3> clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT02201771
Prenatal Correction of X-Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
Authors: Holm Schneider, Florian Faschingbauer, Sonia Schuepbach-Mallepell, Iris Körber, Sigrun Wohlfart, Angela Dick, Mandy Wahlbuhl, Christine Kowalczyk-Quintas, Michele Vigolo, Neil Kirby, Corinna Tannert, Oliver Rompel, Wolfgang Rascher, Matthias W. Beckmann, Pascal Schneider
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Genetic deficiency of ectodysplasin A (EDA) causes X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED), in which the development of sweat glands is irreversibly impaired, an condition that can lead to life-threatening hyperthermia. We observed normal development of mouse fetuses with Eda mutations after they had been exposed in utero to a recombinant protein that includes the receptor-binding domain of EDA. We administered this protein intraamniotically to two affected human twins at gestational weeks 26 and 31 and to a single affected human fetus at gestational week 26; the infants, born in week 33 (twins) and week 39 (singleton), were able to sweat normally, and XLHED-related illness had not developed by 14 to 22 months of age. (Funded by Edimer Pharmaceuticals and others.).
Abstract A13: Genome-wide transcriptional analysis of HDAC inhibition-induced apoptosis in synovial sarcoma
Authors: Aimee N. Laporte, Neal M. Poulin, Alireza Lorzadeh, Xiu Qing Wang, Ryan Vander werff, Jared J. Barrott, Michelle Moska, Christopher Hughes, Gregg Morin, Kevin B. Jones, Martin Hirst, T. Michael Underhill, Torsten O. Nielsen
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Introduction: Conventional cytotoxic therapies for synovial sarcoma provide limited benefit, and no drugs specifically targeting its driving SS18-SSX fusion oncoprotein are currently available. HDAC inhibition has been shown in previous studies to disrupt the driving complex implicated in synovial sarcoma, resulting in apoptosis induction. Methods: Transcriptome analysis was undertaken in a panel of six human synovial sarcoma cell lines in order to uncover potential mechanisms of cell death following HDAC inhibition. By comparison studies with five additional publicly available related expression datasets, common class effects resulting from HDAC inhibition were investigated. Five human synovial sarcoma tumor samples were profiled by RNA-seq for comparison. A mouse model of synovial sarcoma was treated by HDAC inhibition and tumors were profiled for apoptotic markers. Results: Cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and response to oxygen-containing species and cell death were common biologic responses among the panel of post-HDAC inhibitor expression studies. Specific to synovial sarcoma, reactivation of repressed tumor suppressor CDKN2A and induction of proapoptotic transcriptional patterns results in apoptosis and decreased tumor burden in vivo. Conclusion: HDAC inhibition impedes SS18-SSX-mediated transcriptional deregulation, allowing for reactivation of normal cell cycle regulatory and apoptotic pathways. This study provides mechanistic support for a particular susceptibility of synovial sarcoma to HDAC inhibition as a means of potential clinical treatment. Citation Format: Aimee N. Laporte, Neal M. Poulin, Alireza Lorzadeh, Xiu Qing Wang, Ryan Vander werff, Jared J. Barrott, Michelle Moska, Christopher Hughes, Gregg Morin, Kevin B. Jones, Martin Hirst, T. Michael Underhill, Torsten O. Nielsen. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis of HDAC inhibition-induced apoptosis in synovial sarcoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Conference on Advances in Sarcomas: From Basic Science to Clinical Translation; May 16-19, 2017; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(2_Suppl):Abstract nr A13.
Measurement properties of tools used to assess suicidality in autistic and general population adults: A systematic review
Authors: S.A. Cassidy, L. Bradley, E. Bowen, S. Wigham, J. Rodgers
Journal: Clinical Psychology Review (2018)

Adults diagnosed with autism are at significantly increased risk of suicidal thoughts, suicidal behaviours and dying by suicide. However, it is unclear whether any validated tools are currently available to effectively assess suicidality in autistic adults in research and clinical practice. This is crucial for understanding and preventing premature death by suicide in this vulnerable group. This two stage systematic review therefore aimed to identify tools used to assess suicidality in autistic and general population adults, evaluate these tools for their appropriateness and measurement properties, and make recommendations for appropriate selection of suicidality assessment tools in research and clinical practice. Three databases were searched (PsycInfo, Medline and Web of Knowledge). Four frequently used suicidality assessment tools were identified, and subsequently rated for quality of the evidence in support of their measurement properties using the COSMIN checklist. Despite studies having explored suicidality in autistic adults, none had utilised a validated tool. Overall, there was lack of evidence in support of suicidality risk assessments successfully predicting future suicide attempts. We recommend adaptations to current suicidality assessment tools and priorities for future research, in order to better conceptualise suicidality and its measurement in autism.
Choosing Wisely Campaigns
Authors: Wendy Levinson, Karen Born, Daniel Wolfson
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
<i>SETD2</i> Is Recurrently Mutated in Whole-Exome Sequenced Canine Osteosarcoma
Authors: Sharadha Sakthikumar, Ingegerd Elvers, Jaegil Kim, Maja L. Arendt, Rachael Thomas, Jason Turner-Maier, Ross Swofford, Jeremy Johnson, Steven E. Schumacher, Jessica Alföldi, Erik Axelsson, C. Guillermo Couto, William C. Kisseberth, Mats E. Pettersson, Gad Getz, Jennifer R.S. Meadows, Jaime F. Modiano, Matthew Breen, Marcin Kierczak, Karin Forsberg-Nilsson, Voichita D. Marinescu, Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Osteosarcoma is a debilitating bone cancer that affects humans, especially children and adolescents. A homologous form of osteosarcoma spontaneously occurs in dogs, and its differential incidence observed across breeds allows for the investigation of tumor mutations in the context of multiple genetic backgrounds. Using whole-exome sequencing and dogs from three susceptible breeds (22 golden retrievers, 21 Rottweilers, and 23 greyhounds), we found that osteosarcoma tumors show a high frequency of somatic copy-number alterations (SCNA), affecting key oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes. The across-breed results are similar to what has been observed for human osteosarcoma, but the disease frequency and somatic mutation counts vary in the three breeds. For all breeds, three mutational signatures (one of which has not been previously reported) and 11 significantly mutated genes were identified. TP53 was the most frequently altered gene (83% of dogs have either mutations or SCNA in TP53), recapitulating observations in human osteosarcoma. The second most frequently mutated gene, histone methyltransferase SETD2, has known roles in multiple cancers, but has not previously been strongly implicated in osteosarcoma. This study points to the likely importance of histone modifications in osteosarcoma and highlights the strong genetic similarities between human and dog osteosarcoma, suggesting that canine osteosarcoma may serve as an excellent model for developing treatment strategies in both species. Significance: Canine osteosarcoma genomics identify SETD2 as a possible oncogenic driver of osteosarcoma, and findings establish the canine model as a useful comparative model for the corresponding human disease. Cancer Res; 78(13); 3421–31. ©2018 AACR.
Illicit drug use should not be a crime, says Royal College of Physicians
Authors: Richard Hurley
Journal: BMJ (2018)

The Royal College of Physicians of London has joined calls for an end to criminal sanctions against people who take drugs such as heroin, cocaine, and cannabis for non-medical reasons.

The college now endorses the stance of the Faculty of Public Health and the Royal Society for Public Health (RSPH). In a 2016 report1 the RSPH concluded that the “war on drugs” fails to deter drug misuse but instead deters people with drug use disorders from seeking treatment and inhibits harm reduction efforts.

Jane Dacre, president of the Royal College of Physicians (RCP), told The BMJ , “The criminal justice system is not the place to address the often complex needs of people addicted to drugs. We are committed to ensuring that all …
Association of Preprocedural Fasting With Outcomes of Emergency Department Sedation in Children
Authors: Maala Bhatt, David W. Johnson, Monica Taljaard, Jason Chan, Nick Barrowman, Ken J. Farion, Samina Ali, Suzanne Beno, Andrew Dixon, C. Michelle McTimoney, Alexander Sasha Dubrovsky, Mark G. Roback
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> It is not clear whether adherence to preprocedural fasting guidelines prevent pulmonary aspiration and associated adverse outcomes during emergency department (ED) sedation of children. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine the association between preprocedural fasting duration and the incidence of sedation-related adverse outcomes in a large sample of children. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> We conducted a planned secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective cohort study of children aged 0 to 18 years who received procedural sedation for a painful procedure in 6 Canadian pediatric EDs from July 2010 to February 2015. The primary risk factor was preprocedural fasting duration. Secondary risk factors were age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, preprocedural and sedation medications, and procedure type. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Four outcomes were examined: (1) pulmonary aspiration, (2) the occurrence of any adverse event, (3) serious adverse events, and (4) vomiting. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 6183 children with a median age of 8.0 years (interquartile range, 4.0-12.0 years), of whom 6166 (99.7%) had healthy or mild systemic disease (American Society of Anesthesiologists levels I or II), were included in the analysis. Of these, 2974 (48.1%) and 310 (5.0%) children did not meet American Society of Anesthesiologists fasting guidelines for solids and liquids, respectively. There were no cases of pulmonary aspiration. There were 717 adverse events (11.6%; 95% CI, 10.8%-12.4%), of which 68 (1.1%; 95% CI, 0.9%-1.3%) were serious adverse events and 315 (5.1%; 95% CI, 4.6%-5.7%) were vomiting. The odds ratio (OR) of occurrence of any adverse event, serious adverse events, and vomiting did not change significantly with each additional hour of fasting duration for both solids (any adverse event: OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.02; serious adverse events, OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.95-1.07; vomiting: OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.97-1.03) and liquids (any adverse event: OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.98-1.02; serious adverse events: 1.01, 95% CI, 0.95-1.07; vomiting: OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.96-1.03). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this study, there was no association between fasting duration and any type of adverse event. These findings do not support delaying sedation to meet established fasting guidelines.
Impact of age on clinical and pathological features as well as outcome in Egyptian patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).
Authors: Noha Rashad, Arielle Lutterman Heeke, Hussein Mustafa Khaled, Nelly Ali El din, Gamal Abd El Motaal, Hongkun Wang, Mohamed E. Salem
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

600 Background: The incidence of early onset CRC is rising. Little is known about the clinicopathological differences between younger and older Egyptian (EGY) adults with CRC. Herein we explore these differences. Methods: A retrospective review of younger EGY adult (YA; ≤ 46 years) and older EGY adult (OA; &gt; 65 years) patients (pts) with CRC was performed. T and Fisher’s exact tests were used for comparative analyses. Kaplan-Meier methodology estimated survival. Results: In total, 997 EGY pts with CRC were studied, including 443 YA (median age 35 years; range 15-46) and 153 OA pts (median 70 years range 65-84).There were no statistically significant differences with respect to gender, degree of tumor differentiation, extracolonic extension, stage at presentation, or patterns of metastasis between the two groups. YA pts had more rectal primaries compared with OA pts (49% vs. 31%, p &lt; 0.001), whereas older pts had more colon primaries (69% vs. 51%, p &lt; 0.001). Additionally YA pts had more left-sided tumors (78% vs. 62%, p &lt; 0.001) compared with OA pts, whereas older pts had more right-sided tumors (32% vs. 17%, p &lt; 0.001). YA pts were more likely to have mucin-producing tumors (40% vs. 23%, p = 0.003). Although there were no differences in the proportion of pts presenting with metastatic disease (28% [YA] vs. 32% [OA], p = 0.615), or the pattern of metastasis to the liver, lung, or peritoneum (40% vs. 50%, p = 0.288; 5% vs. 6%, p = 1.00, 16% vs. 17%, p = 1.00), YA were more likely to have CRC-related lymph node (LN) involvement (mean: 3.2 vs. 1.6, p = 0.006). There were no differences in PFS (Median: 12 months for YA vs. 13 months for OA) or OS (median: 76 months for YA vs. not reached for OA) between the two groups. However male YA pts had a better OS that female pts (median OS not reached in males, 72 months in females). Conclusions: Significant differences were evident between YA and OA pts with CRC, notably locations of primary tumors. Male had improved outcome compared to female YA patients. Additional evaluation of the molecular features of CRC in young and older patients in Egypt is warranted.
Measures of the Burden of Medical Expenses—Reply
Authors: Ezekiel J. Emanuel, Aaron Glickman, David Johnson
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Gut microbiome is profoundly altered in acute-on-chronic liver failure as evaluated by quantitative metagenomics. Relationship with liver cirrhosis severity
Authors: C. Sole, M. Llopis, E. Solà, K. Da Silva, S. Guilly, E. Le-Chatelier, P. Huelin, R. Moreira, M. Carol, G. De Prada, S. Ehrlich, I. Graupera, L. Napoleone, E. Pose, A. Juanola, N. Fabrellas, J. Doré, D. Ehrlich, P. Ginès
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Response to Comment on Li et al. Time Trends of Dietary and Lifestyle Factors and Their Potential Impact on Diabetes Burden in China. Diabetes Care 2017;40:1685–1694
Authors: Yanping Li, Frank B. Hu
Journal: Diabetes Care (2018)

We thank Mattioli et al. (1) for their positive comments on our article (2) that described the time trends of dietary and lifestyle factors and their potential impact on diabetes burden in China. In the letter, they reported …
ESD IN EARLY BARRETT'S ADENOCARCINOMA IS A SAFE PROCEDURE
Authors: T Fritz, A Ziachehabi, F Wewalka, R Schöfl
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

EMR (endoscopic mucosal resection) is currently considered the therapy of choice for early Barrett's adenocarcinoma, but achieving en bloc resection by EMR is limited to small lesions. By contrast, ESD (endoscopic submucosal dissection) allows en bloc resection irrespective of the tumor's size. This retrospective data collection was aimed to highlight the benefits of ESD with special focus on the procedure's safety.
P122TLR2 Knockout attenuates adverse cardiac remodeling in mice subjected to chronic pressure overload
Authors: E L Kessler, J W Wang, L Van Stuijvenberg, M A Brans, F Aslan, CSP Lam, M A Vos, DPV De Kleijn, A Van Veen, MSC Fontes
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)

during the first 24 hours after returning to thermo-neutral conditions.The autophagic flux, determined by assessment of LC3b II after leupeptin treatment in vivo, was repressed during cold exposure and strongly reactivated after 24 hours of thermoneutrality.We further confirmed these results using electron microscopy and we found increased abundance of autophagosomes after acute deacclimation.Conclusions: Our data indicates that mice exposed to three weeks of cold develop a marked cardiac hypertrophy, reversed after one week of deacclimation.We propose autophagy as one of the mechanisms leading to heart remodeling in response to cold exposure and its posterior reversion after deacclimation.
Statistical Analysis Plans for Clinical Trials—Reply
Authors: Carrol Gamble, Steff Lewis, Stephen Senn
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
A nationwide population-based evaluation of mortality and cancer-risk in patients with ulcerative colitis/primary sclerosing cholangitis – young age at diagnosis and the unmet need to reduce mortality
Authors: P. Trivedi, J. Mytton, F. Evison, S.K. Kamarajah, J. Reece, T. Iqbal, R. Cooney, F. Thompson, M. Walmsley, J. Ferguson, G. Hirschfield
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
A modified chain binomial model to analyse the ongoing measles epidemic in Greece, July 2017 to February 2018
Authors: Theodore Lytras, Theano Georgakopoulou, Sotirios Tsiodras
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2018)

Greece is currently experiencing a large measles outbreak, in the context of multiple similar outbreaks across Europe. We devised and applied a modified chain-binomial epidemic model, requiring very simple data, to estimate the transmission parameters of this outbreak. Model results indicate sustained measles transmission among the Greek Roma population, necessitating a targeted mass vaccination campaign to halt further spread of the epidemic. Our model may be useful for other countries facing similar measles outbreaks.