tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Fruitful steps in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) over the past 30 years: A historical comparison of patients enrolled in clinical trials during different antiemetic times.
Authors: Zhihuang Hu, Li Zhang, Yuxiang Ma, Wenhua Liang, Yan Huang, Hongyun Zhao, YuanYuan Zhao, Cong Xue, Xuan Wu, Wenfeng Fang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e20685 Background: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) was among the most frustrated side effects of cancer treatment. Over the past 30 years, several types of agents have been introduced to prevent CINV and gradually made Setrons (5HT3RA), Dexamethasone (DXM) and NK-1 receptor antagonists (NK-1RA) the cornerstones of antiemetic therapy, instead of the metoclopramide as single antiemetic in early 1980s. The present study aimed to compare the effect of four antiemetic models and delineate the changes in prevention of CINV. Methods: Patients enrolled in antiemetic trials from 1985 to 2013 and evaluable for complete response were eligible for our pooled analysis. According to the antiemetic regimen actually received, patients were assigned to groups Time A (Metoclopramide), Time B (5HT3RA), Time C (5HT3RA+ DXM), and Time D (5HT3RA+ DXM+ NK-1RA). The dose and route of administration of antiemetic agent must be consistent with that of approval. All kinds of 5HT3RA were considered equally effective. The complete response was recorded in acute, delayed and overall phase (AP/DP/OP). The demographics, emetogenic level of chemotherapy (high/moderate/low, HEC/MEC/LEC) and other risk factors were collected for subgroup analysis. Results: A total of 993 patients from eight trials were included, with 83, 500, 206 and 204 in groups Time A, B, C and D, respectively. HEC, MEC and LEC were administrated to 73.2%, 25.5% and 1.3% of the population. The CR rates during OP were 21.7% in Time A, 48.4% in Time B, 57.3% in Time C, and 69.6% in Time D (P<0.001). When considering the emetogenic level of chemotherapy, an important determinant of CR (P<0.01), the HEC population had a CR rate of 11.6%, 34.7%, 57.3% and 69.6% in Time A, B, C and D, respectively, with an average increase by about 20 percentages for every antiemetic time. Subgroup analysis indicated that the progress was also significant among subpopulations, although not so obvious in patients with young ages or motion sickness. Conclusions: The steps in the management of CINV were fruitful over the past 30 years, especially for patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy.
Does Spousal Suicide Have a Measurable Adverse Effect on the Surviving Partner?
Authors: Eric D. Caine
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Dual-point FDG-PET: A novel scanning technique in Hodgkin lymphoma with bulky disease.
Authors: Andrea Gallamini, Andrea Bianchi, Anna Borra, Jan M. Zaucha, Bogdan Malkowski, Antoine Thyss, Nicolas Mounier, Micheline Razzouk-Cadet, Jacques Darcourt, Colette Zwarthoed, Stephane Chauvie, Alberto Biggi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

8077 Background: Interim 18 F-FDG-PET (iPET) is the most important prognosticator in advanced-stage ABVD-treated Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL), but in early stage w/ or w/o bulky lesion a low PPV of iPET was reported. Dual-point PET scan (2P-PET) has been used to discriminate unspecific inflammatory from neoplastic FDG uptake. At the Tx end, with a single FDG-avid mass (SFAM), the specificity of PET in Tx response evaluation was sub-optimal. We report here preliminary results from a cohort of HL patients (p) presenting with bulky lesions, scanned with 2P-PET with the aim to increase specificity and PPV. Methods: From 12.2008 till 01.2012 24 HL bulky p from Italian, French and Polish centers underwent 2P-PET at baseline (2P-PET-0), after 2 ABVD (2P-PET-2) and at Tx end (2P-PET-end). 2P-PET scanning technique consisted in 2 consecutive image acquisitions +60’ (EaS) and +120’(LaS) after single, standard-dose FDG injection. Tx was ABVD (x4 or x6) ± consolidation RxT. No Tx change was done based on iPET results. Scans were reviewed by 2 expert readers in a consensus session. Standardized-Uptake Value (SUV) MAX was calculated both in EaS and LaS using Volume of Interest Regions (VOIs) in sites of residual FDG uptake already recorded in PET-0. ΔSUV MAX and FDG retention index (RI) were calculated from SUVs in the same VOIs of both scans. Results: In 24 p (1 stage I,12 II, 4 III, 7 IV), 34 2P-PET were done.10 p underwent 2P-PET-0: in 10/10 SUV MAX increased from EaS to LaS (ΔSUV MAX 1-4.3). 15 p had a 2P-PET-2: 12 with a mean-follow-up of 18.36 months were evaluable, 3 too short ( +1, +5, +6 months). 7/12 p showed a RI reduction of 55% (200-14): all are in continuous CR (CCR). 5/12 p. showed a 20% (11-26) RI increase: all progressed +1 to +9 months after Tx end. Overall 3/12 cases (1 false +, 2 false- with a Deauville score 4 and 2,3 respectively) were correctly classified after 2P-PET. 9 p with a SFAM had a 2P-PET-end: in the 5/9 with an increased RI of 23% (9-43) a biopsy proved HL relapse. In 4/9 a reduced RI of -29% (9-45) was found: in 2 biopsy disclosed presence of residual thymic along with inflammatory tissue and 2 were in CCR +2 to+8 after Tx end. Conclusions: DSUV Max increased at baseline and in all relapsing patients, and decreased in patients in CCR. The PPV and a PNV of 2P-PET were 100%.
Tuberculosis on the rise in southern Mozambique (1997–2012)
Authors: Alberto L. García-Basteiro, Rafaela Miranda Ribeiro, Joe Brew, Charfudin Sacoor, Salomé Valencia, Helder Bulo, Frank Cobelens, Eusebio Macete
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2017)

Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important public health concern and a leading cause of disease and death worldwide. Mozambique is one of the few high-burden countries where incidence rates have not improved in recent years. The estimated TB incidence rate in 2014 was 552 cases per 100 000 population and the estimated case detection rate is very low at just around 39% [1, 2]. The National Tuberculosis Control Programme (NTP) in Mozambique was launched in 1977 and expanded nationwide in 1985 [3]. The TB patient registration system began in 1984 and short-course therapy followed in the late eighties [3, 4], despite a civil war which resulted in a shortage of qualified medical staff and supplies, and fragile deployment systems. By the year 2000, the Directly Observed Therapy, Short-Course (DOTS) strategy had complete coverage in all districts of Mozambique [4]. In Manhiça District, Mozambique, tuberculosis incidence rates underwent a 3-fold increase over 16 years (1997–2012) <http://ow.ly/mkWG306wvGb> The authors would like to thank the District Health Authorities (Fausta Temba) and NTP for their constant support. We would also like to thank Henriquez Mbeve and Alberto Bila, as well as all of the CISM and MDH clinicians and staff who have contributed to TB diagnosis in the district over the study period.
Mamographic density and disease-free survival in [HR+, HER2-] locally advanced breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Authors: Katerin Ingrid Rojas, Raymundo Flores, Claudio J Flores, Joseph A. Pinto, Henry Leonidas Gomez, Carlos Castañeda
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e11536 Background: Breast density is one of the strongest and most consistent risk factors for breast cancer and has been evaluated as prognostic factor. We evaluate the influence of breast density in the disease-free survival (DFS) in [HR+, HER2-] breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Methods: We evaluated retrospectively 267 patients with [HR+, HER2-] breast cancer diagnosed and treated with NAC at Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (2000-2011). Patients were categorized using ACR BI-RADS breast density composition categories. Main clinicopathological variables were evaluated. In addition, Ki-67 proliferative index (PI) was measured and cases were grouped as Low PI (Ki-67<14%) and High PI (Ki-67≥14%). Five-year rates for disease-free survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox Model was used for multivariate analysis. Results: The median age was 50.8 years (range 24-77); according to body mass index, 112 (41.9%) had overweight; 141 were post-menopausal (52.8%); 210 were in clinical stage III (78.7%); 157 had histological grade I/II (60.4%). Only 14 (7.2%) had pathologic complete response. In regard to Ki-67 PI, 132 were Low Ki-67 PI (49.4%) and 135 were high Ki-67 PI (50.6%). According to mammogram density, 47 were BI-RADS I (17.8%); 57 BIRADS II (21.6%); 92 BI-RADS III (34.8%) and 68 BI-RADS IV (25.8%). Mammogram density was associated with menopausal status (premenopausal were more likely to have dense breast; P<0.001) and body mass index (patients with <30kg/m2 were more like to have dense breast; P=0.001). In the univariate analysis, tumor size (≤5cm, 78.5% vs >5cm, 56.6%; P=0.04), nodal status (negative, 82.2% vs positive, 59.2%; P=0.026) and mammographic density (BI-RADS I-III, 66% vs BI-RADS IV, 50.6%; P=0.019) were significantly related to DFS. In the multivariate analysis tumor size (HR=4.5 for >5cm; P=0.006) and breast density (HR=1.7 for BI-RADS IV; P=0.024) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: Breast density is a prognostic factor that should be evaluated in the subset of patients [HR+,HER2-] breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy with low-dose cisplatin and doxorubicin (PIPAC C/D) in patients with gastric cancer and peritoneal metastasis (PIPAC-GA1).
Authors: Florian Struller, Philipp Horvath, Wiebke Solass, Frank Jurgen Weinreich, Alfred Konigsrainer, Marc A Reymond
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

99 Background: Efficacy of 2 nd and 3 rd line chemotherapy in recurrent gastric cancer with peritoneal metastasis (RGCPM) is limited. We assessed the feasibility, safety and activity of intraperitoneal chemotherapy as PIPAC C/D in RGCPM after &gt; 1 line of intravenous chemotherapy. Methods: Open-label, single-arm, Phase II ICH-GCP Clinical Trial (NCT01854255) Patients were scheduled for 3 courses q42 days of low-dose PIPAC with doxorubicin 1.5 mg/m 2 and cisplatin 7.5 mg/m 2 . Primary endpoint was objective tumor response (RECIST 1.1). Secondary endpoints were safety (CTCAE 4.0), histological tumor regression (PRGS) and overall survival. Results: 25 patients were enrolled. 10/25 (40 %, ITT) patients had an OTR. Complete or major regression on histology was observed in 9/12 (75 %) patients who underwent at least 2 PIPAC cycles. Mean overall survival was 8.4 months (13.1 months in patients with PCI &lt; 12). There were no treatment-related deaths, no grade 4 toxicity and four (16%) grade 3 toxicities. Conclusions: PIPAC C/D is well tolerated and active in patients with RGCPM. Survival is encouraging. Randomized controlled trials should now be designed. Clinical trial information: NCT01854255. [Table: see text]
Abstract 10252: Lipoprotein (a) in Familial Hypercholesterolemia With Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin Type 9 Gain-of-function Mutations
Authors: Hayato Tada, Masa-aki Kawashiri, Taiji Yoshida, Ryota Teramoto, Atsushi Nohara, Akihiro Inazu, Hiroshi Mabuchi, Masakazu Yamagishi
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Background: Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is an established residual risk factor for cardiovascular disease. In contrast to statins, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors have been shown to reduce Lp(a) by as much as 30%, but the mechanism remains unclear. Currently, no data exists regarding direct comparisons of serum Lp(a) levels between patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) caused either by LDL receptor (LDLR) or PCSK9 mutations, which could reveal the role of PCSK9 in human Lp(a) metabolism. Methods and Results: Forty-two mutation-determined heterozygous FH patients with a PCSK9 gain-of-function mutation (FH-PCSK9, mean age=52, mean LDL-C=235 mg/dl), 198 mutation-determined heterozygous FH patients with a LDLR mutation (FH-LDLR, mean age=44, mean LDL-C=217 mg/dl), and 4,015 controls (CONTROL, mean age=56, mean LDL-C=109 mg/dl) were evaluated. We assessed their Lp(a), TC, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C, use of statins, presence of hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, smoking, body mass index (BMI) and coronary artery disease. Multiple regression analysis showed that HDL-C, the use of statins, the presence of hypertension, smoking, BMI, and Lp(a) were independently associated with the presence of coronary artery disease overall. The serum level of Lp(a) in FH-LDLR was significantly higher than that of the CONTROL (median Lp(a)=11.8 mg/dl [IQR:6.5-29.4] vs 21.9 mg/dl [IQR:10.0-34.2], respectively, p=2х10-7). However, there was no significant difference between the serum level of Lp(a) in FH-LDLR and that of FH-PCSK9 (median Lp(a)=21.9 mg/dl [IQR:10.0-34.2] vs 21.1 mg/dl [IQR:11.7-34.9], respectively). Conclusion: These data suggest that Lp(a) is mainly catabolized via the LDL receptor. A significant paradox between statins and PCSK9 inhibitors in terms of Lp(a) catabolism remains.
Can Consideration of the Microbiome Improve Antimicrobial Utilization and Treatment Outcomes in the Oncology Patient?
Authors: Jessica R. Galloway-Peña, Robert R. Jenq, Samuel A. Shelburne
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2017)

The need to provide effective and timely antimicrobial treatment to cancer patients with infections is well recognized but tempered by preliminary, but accumulating, evidence that antibiotic-induced microbiome dysbiosis affects cancer therapy response, noninfectious toxicities, and infectious complications. Given only a minority of empirically treated cancer patients are proven to have a true bacterial infection, it is important to consider the potential negative consequences of extensive broad-spectrum antimicrobial use on the commensal microbiota. Herein, we review the literature substantiating the dilemma oncologists face when treating suspected or documented infections with respect to the interaction between the host microbiome, antibiotics, and cancer-related clinical outcomes. We propose microbiome-based explorations that could assist oncologists in optimizing treatment strategies for cancer-related infections as well as the cancer itself. In addition, we discuss knowledge gaps and challenges in this nascent field that must be addressed to deliver medically relevant, translational applications. We anticipate that the emerging knowledge regarding the role of the microbiota in the health of cancer patients may cause a reappraisal of the manner in which antibiotics are used in the oncologic setting and how microorganisms are viewed by oncologists. Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); 3263-8. ©2017 AACRSee related commentary by Fessler and Gajewski, p. 3229.
Recurrence patterns of gastric cancer in the era of preoperative therapy.
Authors: Naruhiko Ikoma, Hsiang-Chun Chen, Xuemei Wang, Mariela A. Blum Murphy, Jeannelyn Estrella, Keith F. Fournier, Paul F. Mansfield, Jaffer A. Ajani, Brian D. Badgwell
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

119 Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the disease sites and survival durations of patients who developed a recurrence after undergoing gastrectomy for adenocarcinoma. Methods: We collected data from a prospectively maintained database of gastric cancer patients who underwent potentially curative resection of gastric or gastroesophageal cancer at our institution from 1995-2014. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the associations between clinicopathologic factors and treatment outcomes. Results: We identified 488 patients who underwent R0 resection of localized gastric cancer. The median age was 63 years (IQR, 53-71 years), and 60% were male. The most common EUS stages were T3 (58%) and N0 (61%). Preoperative treatment was used in 61% of patients. The majority (76%) of patients underwent extended (D1+/D2) lymphadenectomy, and the median number of examined lymph nodes was 21 (IQR, 14-29). Of the 488 patients, 125 (26%) experienced recurrence during follow up. The sites of recurrence were locoregional (n = 19 [15%]), peritoneal (n = 61 [49%]), and non-peritoneal distant at any site (n = 67 [53.6%]). The site of recurrence was not associated with neoadjuvant therapy (p = 0.35). The median time from the primary resection to recurrence was 2.7 years (95% CI, 0.8-3.2 years) for locoregional, 1.3 (0.7-1.7) for peritoneum, and 0.6 (0.5-0.9) for distant disease (p = 0.01). The median overall survival time from recurrence was 1.0 year (95% CI, 0.5-3.1 years) for locoregional, 0.6 (0.4-0.9) for peritoneum, and 0.8 (0.5-1.0) for distant recurrence (p = 0.05). A multivariate analysis revealed that age ≥ 65 years (HR, 1.52 [95% CI, 1.12-2.05 years]; p = 0.01) and advanced EUS T stage (3.06 [2.10-4.46]; p &lt; 0.001) were associated with a shorter recurrence-free survival duration. Conclusions: Peritoneal carcinomatosis was the most common site of recurrence after curative resection of gastric cancer, with associated poor survival, and was not associated with the use of neoadjuvant therapy. Future trials should focus on treatment of the peritoneum, which may improve the survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer.
Erratum: Decline in NRF2-regulated antioxidants in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease lungs due to loss of its positive regulator, DJ-1 (American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2008) 178 (592-604))
Authors: D. Malhotra, R. Thimmulappa, A. Navas-Acien, A. Sandford, M. Elliott, A. Singh, L. Chen, X. Zhuang, J. Hogg, P. Pare
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2009)
Cisplatin (CDDP) and radiation versus cetuximab (Cx) and radiation in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell cancer (SCHNC): A retrospective review.
Authors: Prakash Peddi, Runhua Shi, Lori Panu, Fred Ampil, Cherie-Ann Nathan, Tannaz Armaghany, Glenn Morris Mills, Syed Hasan Raza Jafri
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e16009 Background: SCHNC is a common malignancy and approximately 60% of patients present with locally advanced disease. There is paucity of data directly comparing Cx and CDDP with concurrent radiation in locally advanced SCHNC. We retrospectively reviewed charts of patients treated with CDDP and/or Cx along with radiation in locally advanced SCHNC comparing efficacy and outcomes in an academic cancer center. Methods: Ninety-five patients with locally advanced SCHNC were treated with concurrent CDDP (100 mg/m2 day 1, 22, 43) or Cx (400mg/m2 on day -7 and 250mg/m2 weekly) at our institution between January 2006 and June 2011. Forty-four patients were treated with CDDP (group A), 24 with Cx (group B) and 27 were initially started on CDDP but were switched to Cx secondary to toxicity (group C). All patients received concurrent radiation treatments (66-70 Gy, 2.0 Gy/fraction). The selection of CDDP versus Cx was largely based on ECOG performance status (PS) and baseline renal function of the patients. Chi-square test, analysis of variance, and log-rank test was used for analysis. The three groups had similar baseline characteristics except for mean age of 61, 56 and 55 years in group A, B and C respectively; T4 tumors consisted of 44%, 75% and 41% in groups A, B and C respectively. Groups A, B and C had a combined ECOG 0 and I (PS) of 93%, 75% and 92%. Patients with ECOG III PS were excluded. Results: Oropharynx was the most common treated site (38%) followed by Larynx (35%). Complete response (CR) was seen in 77%, 17% and 67% in groups A, B and C respectively (P&lt;0.001). Median progression free survival (PFS) was 16.6, 4.3 and 22.8 in groups A, B and C respectively (P&lt;0.001) and median overall survival (OS) was &gt;35, 11.6 and &gt;32 months in groups A, B and C respectively (P&lt;0.0001). Conclusions: Concurrent CDDP with radiation leads to better response rate PFS and OS as opposed to Cx though many patients treated with CDDP could not complete treatment due to toxicity. Randomized trial comparing the two should be considered.
The relationship between the non-canonical NF-κB pathway, tumour microenvironment, systemic inflammation and survival in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal caner.
Authors: Meera Patel, Lindsay Bennett, Jean A Quinn, Hester Catharina van Wyk, Paul G. Horgan, Donald C McMillan, Antonia K Roseweir, James Hugh Park, Joanne Edwards
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

631 Background: In patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) the local and systemic inflammatory responses (LIR and SIR) are important determinants of disease progression. The present study examines the association of transcription factor RelB, a key member of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway and its association with LIR and SIR in patients undergoing resection of CRC. Methods: Patients with stage I-III CRC who underwent curative resection in a single institution and were in a previously constructed tissue microarray were studied. IHC was utilised to examine cytoplasmic and nuclear RelB expression. The relationship between RelB, clinicopathological characteristics, LIR (Klintrup-Mäkinen (KM) grade, CD3 + and CD8 + T-cell density), SIR and cancer-specific survival (CSS) was examined. Results: 208 patients were included in the analysis. Cytoplasmic RelB (cyto-RelB) was associated with nuclear RelB ( p=0.006). High expression of cyto-RelB was associated with MMR competence ( p=0.010) but not with TNM stage ( p=0.468), venous invasion ( p=0.973), tumour budding ( p=0.068), tumour necrosis ( p=0.786), tumour cell proliferation ( p=0.907), BRAF V600E mutation ( p=0.585) or administration of adjuvant chemotherapy ( p=0.853). High cyto-RelB was inversely associated with mGPS (mGPS &gt;1: low cyto-RelB – 19% vs. high cyto-RelB – 8%, p=0.017). Also, cyto-RelB was inversely associated with tumour inflammatory cell infiltrate at the margin, Klintrup-Mäkinen grade ( p=0.059), (CD3 + p=0.010, CD8 + p=0.007) and in the tumour (CD3 + p=0.002) and a trend with tumour stroma percentage ( p=0.079). High expression of cyto-RelB was not significantly associated with CSS ( p=0.052). Conclusions: In patients undergoing CRC resection, high expression of cyto-RelB was associated with an adverse host local inflammatory response. Up-regulation of the non-canonical NF- κB pathway may be an important mechanism whereby the tumour deregulates local inflammatory responses and evades host immunosurveillance. Further investigation of inflammation based signal transduction pathways in patients with colorectal cancer is warranted.