tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
AB0308 Importance of patient education for management of rheumatoid arthritispatients
Authors: S.H. Senara, W.Y. Abdel wahed, S.E. Mabrouk
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

<h3>Background</h3> People living with chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are extremely in need to Patient education (PE) which enables them to cope and adapt with their disease and treatments. PE comprises all educational activities provided for patients, including aspects of health and therapeutic education and promotion. Evolutions have been seen at the last five decades of the patient/clinicians relationship, where the patients can share in decision-making <b><i>(Mwidimi Ndosi1 and Ade Adebajo, 2015</i>.</b> <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the effect of PE program following the eight evidence-based EULAR-2015 recommendations in the management of RA patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Comparative study with randomised parallel two arms with ratio (1:1) conducted on 100 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (both sexes), aged 19–71 years patients were carried out at the Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation -faculty of medicine of Fayoum University, Egypt. Patients are excluded if they had evidence of mental disorder or psychiatric diseases. Patients can leave the study at any time for any reason. Two main comparable groups; group I received health education through designed Health education program, Group II were not prone to health education program. Disease activity and disability of patients were assessed prior to the commencement of the program, (visit I pre-intervention), 3 months later (Visit II post-intervention) and 6 months after the first visit (Visit III post-intervention). <b>Intervention:</b> A PE program designed by authors addressed <sup>EULAR 2015</sup> recommendation of patient education and tailored according to each patient condition. Groups of 8–10 participants randomised to intervention arm attended 1 session each week for 6 consecutive weeks, with each one hour in duration, and then one session every two weeks until the second assessment visit (Visit II) and then every month until the second assessment visit (Visit III). <h3>Results</h3> While 50 patients of group I continued at the end of the study, out of 50 patients of group II, 36 patients were available at 2nd visit, and only 24 patients were available to be assessed at the 3rd visit. By comparing lab investigation and outcome scores at follow up visits; although no significant difference between the two study groups regarding lab investigations, DAS28 and HAQ scores at start of study, difference was reported in follow up visits that a significant decrease of these labs and scores were reported in Group I, while no difference reported in Group II. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Patient education (PE) interventions in patients with (RA) documented significant improvements in behaviour, pain, disability of those patients. <h3>Reference</h3> [1] Mwidimi Ndosi1, Ade Adebajo. Patient education in rheumatoid arthritis: is the needs-based approach the way forward? Received:Clin Rheumatol2015;34:1827–1829. doi:10.1007/s10067-015-3063-2 <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Cellular Origin, Tumor Progression, and Pathogenic Mechanisms of Cutaneous Neurofibromas Revealed by Mice with<i>Nf1</i>Knockout in Boundary Cap Cells
Authors: Katarzyna J. Radomska, Fanny Coulpier, Aurelie Gresset, Alain Schmitt, Amal Debbiche, Sophie Lemoine, Pierre Wolkenstein, Jean-Michel Vallat, Patrick Charnay, Piotr Topilko
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2018)

Abstract Patients carrying an inactive NF1 allele develop tumors of Schwann cell origin called neurofibromas (NF). Genetically engineered mouse models have significantly enriched our understanding of plexiform forms of NFs (pNF). However, this has not been the case for cutaneous neurofibromas (cNF), observed in all NF1 patients, as no previous model recapitulates their development. Here, we show that conditional Nf1 inactivation in Prss56-positive boundary cap cells leads to bona fide pNFs and cNFs. This work identifies subepidermal glia as a likely candidate for the cellular origin of cNFs and provides insights on disease mechanisms, revealing a long, multistep pathologic process in which inflammation-related signals play a pivotal role. This new mouse model is an important asset for future clinical and therapeutic investigations of NF1-associated neurofibromas. Significance: Patients affected by NF1 develop numerous cNFs. We present a mouse model that faithfully recapitulates cNFs, identify a candidate cell type at their origin, analyze the steps involved in their formation, and show that their development is dramatically accelerated by skin injury. These findings have important clinical/therapeutic implications. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
‘MAINRITSAN2-the future’, with some doubts!
Authors: Arghya Chattopadhyay, Nupoor Acharya, Debashish Mishra, Vikas Sharma, GSRSNK Naidu, Aman Sharma
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

We read with great interest the article on ‘comparison of individually tailored versus fixed-schedule rituximab regimen to maintain ANCA-associated vasculitis remission: results of a multicentre, randomised controlled, phase III trial (MAINRITSAN2)’ by Charles and Terrier . 1 They have tried to address a crucial aspect of rituximab dose titration during remission maintenance of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). The key message is that, although AAV relapse rates did not differ significantly among the two groups, the patients in the individually tailored group received fewer rituximab infusions. This outcome has a significant bearing on cost and drug-related side effects. However, certain aspects of this study require further clarification.

First, ‘the trial was designed to detect a 20% absolute between-arm …
<i>Notes from the Field:</i>Large Cluster of Verona Integron-Encoded Metallo-Beta-Lactamase–Producing Carbapenem-Resistant<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>Isolates Colonizing Residents at a Skilled Nursing Facility — Chicago, Illinois, November 2016–March 2018
Authors: Whitney J. Clegg, Massimo Pacilli, Sarah K. Kemble, Janna L. Kerins, Ahmed Hassaballa, Alexander J. Kallen, Maroya S. Walters, Alison Laufer Halpin, Richard A. Stanton, Sandra Boyd, Paige Gable, Jonathan Daniels, Michael Y. Lin, Mary K. Hayden, Karen Lolans, Deb P. Burdsall, Mary Alice Lavin, Stephanie R. Black
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

On November 1, 2016, a point prevalence survey was conducted at a Chicago skilled nursing facility with ventilated residents to understand the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing organisms in health care facilities in the Chicago region. The survey identified 20 patients with Verona integron-encoded metallo-beta-lactamase–producing carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Abstract 13826: Atrial Fibrillation Symptom Clusters Increase Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits
Authors: Megan Streur, Sarah Ratcliffe, M. Benjamin Shoemaker, Barbara Riegel
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Symptoms are a predictor of hospitalizations in adults with atrial fibrillation (AF). Symptom clusters are groups of two or more symptoms that are related due to shared mechanisms or a shared impact on outcomes. The impact of AF specific symptom clusters on hospitalization and emergency department (ED) visits has not previously been examined. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that symptom clusters were associated with AF-related hospitalizations and ED visits. Methods: We examined pre-existing data for 1,501 adults in the Vanderbilt AF Registry, a clinical biorepository that prospectively enrolls both AF patients and their family members. Our sample consists of subjects with confirmed AF and a completed symptom survey (derived from the University of Toronto AF Severity Scale, Chronbach’s α for symptom burden is 0.94). Seven common AF symptoms were measured on a 5 point Likert scale. Our outcomes were self-reported number of AF-related hospitalizations and ED visits in the past 12 months. To identify symptom clusters we used hierarchical cluster analysis, Ward’s method, and Euclidean distance as the dissimilarity measure. The ideal number of clusters was determined with dendrograms, pseudo F, and pseudo T. We used Poisson regression to examine whether the identified clusters were associated with hospitalization and ED visit rates controlling for clinical characteristics. Results: Our sample was primarily male (67%) and Caucasian (96%) with a mean age of 58.4 (± 12.2) years. Two symptom clusters were identified, which we labeled the At Rest cluster (fatigue at rest, shortness of breath at rest, chest pain, and dizziness) and the With Activity cluster (shortness of breath with activity and exercise intolerance). Palpitations was the only symptom that did not cluster with other symptoms. Subjects who experienced all the symptoms in the At Rest cluster had an adjusted incident rate ratio for hospitalizations of 1.9 (p&lt;0.0001) and for ED visits of 2.8 (p&lt;0.0001). There was no statistically significant association between the With Activity cluster and either clinical outcome. Conclusion: We identified two AF-specific symptom clusters. Only the At Rest cluster was significantly associated with AF-related hospitalizations and ED visits.
P3.16-14 SBRT in Early Stages of Lung Cancer
Authors: L. Fernández Fornos, S. Miranda Labajos, D. Esposito, P. Dorado Rodriguez, M.D. Ruiz Sánchez, D. Planes Meseguer, A. Pomares Arias, E. García Miragall
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2018)
Effect of the polymorphism rs2066844 of the NOD2 gene on colon cancer incidence in a high cardiovascular risk population: Modulation by gender
Authors: J.B. Ramirez Sabio, J.V. Sorlí, I. González-Monje, C. Ortega-Azorín, Ó Coltell, D. Corella
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Abstract 17225: The Benefit of Contact Force Guided Catheter Ablation of Premature Ventricular Contraction in the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract
Authors: Yutao Xi, Ziming Zhao, Lianjun Gao, Dong Chang, Yanzong Yang, Xiaomeng Yin, Yunlong Xia, Jie Cheng
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: Recently, multiple studies have reported the benefits of using contact force (CF) catheters in atrial fibrillation ablation. However, data on ventricular arrhythmia is lacking. Objectiv...
Mouse Models of Overexpression Reveal Distinct Oncogenic Roles for Different Type I Protein Arginine Methyltransferases
Authors: Jianqiang Bao, Alessandra Di Lorenzo, Kevin Lin, Yue Lu, Yi Zhong, Manu M. Sebastian, William J. Muller, Yanzhong Yang, Mark T. Bedford
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT) are generally not mutated in diseased states, but they are overexpressed in a number of cancers, including breast cancer. To address the possible roles of PRMT overexpression in mammary gland tumorigenesis, we generated Cre-activated PRMT1, CARM1, and PRMT6 overexpression mouse models. These three enzymes are the primary type I PRMTs and are responsible for the majority of the asymmetric arginine methylation deposited in the cells. Using either a keratin 5-Cre recombinase (K5-Cre) cross or an MMTV-NIC mouse, we investigated the impact of PRMT overexpression alone or in the context of a HER2-driven model of breast cancer, respectively. The overexpression of all three PRMTs induced hyper-branching of the mammary glands and increased Ki-67 staining. When combined with the MMTV-NIC model, these in vivo experiments provided the first genetic evidence implicating elevated levels of these three PRMTs in mammary gland tumorigenesis, albeit with variable degrees of tumor promotion and latency. In addition, these mouse models provided valuable tools for exploring the biological roles and molecular mechanisms of PRMT overexpression in the mammary gland. For example, transcriptome analysis of purified mammary epithelial cells isolated from bigenic NIC-PRMT1 Tg and NIC-PRMT6 Tg mice revealed a deregulated PI3K-AKT pathway. In the future, these PRMT Tg lines can be leveraged to investigate the roles of arginine methylation in other tissues and tumor model systems using different tissue-specific Cre crosses, and they can also be used for testing the in vivo efficacy of small molecule inhibitors that target these PRMT. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings establish Cre-activated mouse models of three different arginine methyltransferases, PRMT1, CARM1, and PRMT6, which are overexpressed in human cancers, providing a valuable tool for the study of PRMT function in tumorigenesis.See related commentary by Watson and Bitler, p. 3.
Newer technologies for detection of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Nath Zungsontiporn, Mark S Link
Journal: BMJ (2018)

ABSTRACT Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia that is associated with increased risk of stroke, which can be reduced with appropriate anticoagulation treatment. However, it remains underdiagnosed in contemporary clinical practice using conventional detection methods, resulting in missed opportunities to implement appropriate treatment. Newer technologies developed in recent years can potentially enhance the detection of atrial fibrillation and overcome certain limitations of the conventional methods. However, uncertainties remain about their use and the significance of atrial fibrillation detected by some of these newer technologies. This review examines the evidence supporting the use of some of these technologies and evaluates their applications in certain clinical scenarios.
P3.13-11 Advanced NSCLC Treated with Gefitinib or Erlotinib for Five Years or Longer - Retrospective Slovakian Study
Authors: P. Berzinec, P. Kasan, J. Mazal, I. Andrasina, A. Cipkova, G. Chowaniecova, M. Martak, M. Urda, M. Vesela, L. Plank
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2018)
Intestinal uptake of barley protein-based nanoparticles for β-carotene delivery
Authors: Guangyu Liu, Ying Zhou, Lingyun Chen
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2018)

Our previous study introduced a barley protein microparticle for encapsulation of hydrophobic drug/nutraceutical, which could release nanoparticles upon gastric digestion and deliver encapsulated compound to a simulated intestinal environment intact. This work focused on evaluating the potential of liberated nanoparticles to improve the absorption of encapsulated compounds (e.g., β-carotene) using in vitro Caco-2 cell and ex vivo small intestine models. Nanoparticles obtained from gastric digestion of barley protein microparticles had a spherical shape and an average size of 351 nm. Nanoparticles showed low cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells and their cellular uptake was dependent on time, concentration and temperature. In a Caco-2 cell monolayer model, significantly greater uptake and transport of β-carotene were observed when it was delivered by nanoparticles (15%), compared to free β-carotene suspension (2.6%). In an ex vivo rat jejunum model, nanoparticles showed the capacity to retain in small intestinal tissue. Approximately 2.24 and 6.04 μg nanoparticle were able to permeate through each cm2 intestinal tissue and translocate to the serosal side after 60 and 90 min, respectively. Results from this study demonstrated the absorption improving effect of the barley protein nanoparticles and suggested their potential as vehicles for hydrophobic compounds.
Prediction of and intervention in colorectal cancer risk with artificial intelligent system
Authors: Y. Ge, C.W. Ma, L. Tao, M.F. Han, L. Ma, G. Li, L.M. Ma, Q. Lu, Z. Wu, P.F. Yu, Y.F. Yang, Y.Y. Ma, B.B. Song, W. Gao
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
来自 AD 患者的<i>金黄色葡萄球菌的</i> 局部抗生素耐药性
Authors: C.P. Harkins, M.A. McAleer, D. Bennett, M. McHugh, O.M. Fleury, K.A. Pettigrew, K. Oravcová, J. Parkhill, C.M. Proby, R.S. Dawe, J.A. Geoghegan, A.D. Irvine, M.T.G. Holden
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

异位性皮炎(AD, 通常也称为湿疹)是儿童时期最常见的皮肤病之一, 英国和爱尔兰多达 1/4 的儿童受其影响。AD 患者经常在其皮肤上携带金黄色葡萄球菌。当患有 AD 的个体出现爆发时,即皮肤发红和瘙痒增加,皮肤上通常会有更多的金黄色葡萄球菌。因此通常用抗生素治疗 AD。这项研究在爱尔兰都柏林和英国圣安德鲁斯进行,旨在了解与未患 AD 的儿童相比, AD 患儿的金黄色葡萄球菌的抗生素耐药性(意味着细菌能够抵抗杀死它们的抗生素)的差异。从 50 名在皮肤病诊所就诊的患有 AD 的儿童中收集皮肤拭子,并在急诊科就诊的 49 名儿童中收集拭子,这些儿童在其鼻腔中无害地携带细菌。检查来自两组儿童的金黄色葡萄球菌的DNA(遗传密码),并用常用抗生素测试样品以鉴定哪些抗生素成功地杀死细菌。来自 AD 儿童的总体样本对抗生素夫西地酸 (FA) 的耐药性是未患 AD 儿童的两倍多,该药物通常以乳膏形式治疗皮肤感染。遗传密码显示,与未患 AD 的儿童相比,AD 患儿的样本中通过不同机制发生了对 FA 的耐药性。最后,可能允许细菌在抗菌皂中存活的基因在 AD 样本中比在非 AD 样本中常见八倍。这表明用于 AD 的治疗可以影响来自 AD 患者的金黄色葡萄球菌对抗生素的耐药性。
Targeting PIM Kinase with PD1 Inhibition Improves Immunotherapeutic Antitumor T-cell Response
Authors: Shilpak Chatterjee, Paramita Chakraborty, Anusara Daenthanasanmak, Supinya Iamsawat, Gabriela Andrejeva, Libia A. Luevano, Melissa Wolf, Uday Baliga, Carsten Krieg, Craig C. Beeson, Meenal Mehrotra, Elizabeth G. Hill, Jeffery C. Rathmell, Xue-Zhong Yu, Andrew S. Kraft, Shikhar Mehrotra
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT) of cancer, which involves the infusion of ex vivo-engineered tumor epitope reactive autologous T cells into the tumor-bearing host, is a potential treatment modality for cancer. However, the durable antitumor response following ACT is hampered either by loss of effector function or survival of the antitumor T cells. Therefore, strategies to improve the persistence and sustain the effector function of the antitumor T cells are of immense importance. Given the role of metabolism in determining the therapeutic efficacy of T cells, we hypothesize that inhibition of PIM kinases, a family of serine/threonine kinase that promote cell-cycle transition, cell growth, and regulate mTORC1 activity, can improve the potency of T cells in controlling tumor.The role of PIM kinases in T cells was studied either by genetic ablation (PIM1-/-PIM2-/-PIM3-/-) or its pharmacologic inhibition (pan-PIM kinase inhibitor, PimKi). Murine melanoma B16 was established subcutaneously and treated by transferring tumor epitope gp100-reactive T cells along with treatment regimen that involved inhibiting PIM kinases, anti-PD1 or both.With inhibition of PIM kinases, T cells had significant reduction in their uptake of glucose, and upregulated expression of memory-associated genes that inversely correlate with glycolysis. In addition, the expression of CD38, which negatively regulates the metabolic fitness of the T cells, was also reduced in PimKi-treated cells. Importantly, the efficacy of antitumor T-cell therapy was markedly improved by inhibiting PIM kinases in tumor-bearing mice receiving ACT, and further enhanced by adding anti-PD1 antibody to this combination.This study highlights the potential therapeutic significance of combinatorial strategies where ACT and inhibition of signaling kinase with checkpoint blockade could improve tumor control.
Fully Automated Echocardiogram Interpretation in Clinical Practice
Authors: Jeffrey Zhang, Sravani Gajjala, Pulkit Agrawal, Geoffrey H. Tison, Laura A. Hallock, Lauren Beussink-Nelson, Mats H. Lassen, Eugene Fan, Mandar A. Aras, ChaRandle Jordan, Kirsten E. Fleischmann, Michelle Melisko, Atif Qasim, Sanjiv J. Shah, Ruzena Bajcsy, Rahul C. Deo
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Automated cardiac image interpretation has the potential to transform clinical practice in multiple ways, including enabling serial assessment of cardiac function by nonexperts in primary care and rural settings. We hypothesized that advances in computer vision could enable building a fully automated, scalable analysis pipeline for echocardiogram interpretation, including (1) view identification, (2) image segmentation, (3) quantification of structure and function, and (4) disease detection.Using 14 035 echocardiograms spanning a 10-year period, we trained and evaluated convolutional neural network models for multiple tasks, including automated identification of 23 viewpoints and segmentation of cardiac chambers across 5 common views. The segmentation output was used to quantify chamber volumes and left ventricular mass, determine ejection fraction, and facilitate automated determination of longitudinal strain through speckle tracking. Results were evaluated through comparison to manual segmentation and measurements from 8666 echocardiograms obtained during the routine clinical workflow. Finally, we developed models to detect 3 diseases: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cardiac amyloid, and pulmonary arterial hypertension.Convolutional neural networks accurately identified views (eg, 96% for parasternal long axis), including flagging partially obscured cardiac chambers, and enabled the segmentation of individual cardiac chambers. The resulting cardiac structure measurements agreed with study report values (eg, median absolute deviations of 15% to 17% of observed values for left ventricular mass, left ventricular diastolic volume, and left atrial volume). In terms of function, we computed automated ejection fraction and longitudinal strain measurements (within 2 cohorts), which agreed with commercial software-derived values (for ejection fraction, median absolute deviation=9.7% of observed, N=6407 studies; for strain, median absolute deviation=7.5%, n=419, and 9.0%, n=110) and demonstrated applicability to serial monitoring of patients with breast cancer for trastuzumab cardiotoxicity. Overall, we found automated measurements to be comparable or superior to manual measurements across 11 internal consistency metrics (eg, the correlation of left atrial and ventricular volumes). Finally, we trained convolutional neural networks to detect hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cardiac amyloidosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension with C statistics of 0.93, 0.87, and 0.85, respectively.Our pipeline lays the groundwork for using automated interpretation to support serial patient tracking and scalable analysis of millions of echocardiograms archived within healthcare systems.
Response by Kok and Stienen to Letter Regarding Article, “NT-proBNP (N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide)–Guided Therapy in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: PRIMA II Randomized Controlled Trial (Can NT-ProBNP–Guided Therapy During Hospital Admission for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Reduce Mortality and Readmissions?)”
Authors: Wouter Kok, Susan Stienen
Journal: Circulation (2018)
Abstract 18262: Left Ventricle Strain Rate in Children Demonstrates Heart Rate Dependence and a Force-frequency Relationship
Authors: Silvia Alvarez, Mohammed Alhabden, Michal Kantoch, Joseph Atallah, Timothy Colen, Edythe Tham, Nee Khoo
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: In adult pigs and human studies, strain rate (SR) is a valid and reproducible marker of contractility. It is also heart rate (HR) independent, hence lacks force-frequency relationship (FFR). Isovolumic acceleration (IVA) is a proven non-invasive load-independent measure of LV contractility used in research settings. This study sought to assess SR behavior during tachycardia and inotropic stimulation in children, compared to IVA. Methods: Twenty-four patients (median age, 13.9; range 7.8 - 22.5 years) with no structural or functional heart abnormalities were evaluated after a radiofrequency ablation procedure. Echocardiogram was performed at baseline, during atrial pacing and isoprenaline infusion to achieve 130% of baseline HR. Speckle tracking global LV longitudinal SR and tissue Doppler septal IVA were measured. Relationships between HR, SR and IVA were assessed. Percent (%) change and absolute differences between SR and IVA at baseline, pacing and isoprenaline were evaluated. Data are reported as median and interquartile ranges. Results: SR and IVA showed a moderate correlation with HR at baseline (SR: r=-0.68, p=0.0002; IVA: r=0.46, p=0.01), and during pacing (SR: r=-0.56, p=0.003; IVA: r=0.58, p=0.002). Both SR and IVA increased with pacing and isoprenaline (table 1), however the greatest % change was seen during isoprenaline infusion for IVA (p &lt; 0.006) and SR (p &lt; 0.0001). Conclusion: SR enhances with increasing HR in children, demonstrating a relative HR dependence and a FFR. This is contrary to findings in adult studies, thus this study highlights that children show a different LV mechanical response to chronotropic effects and therefore caution should be use when extrapolating of adult findings to children.