tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Caregiver stress: Clinical evaluation and intervention strategies for caregiver burden prevention.
Authors: Laura Velutti, Carlotta Pavesi, Chiara Poggio, Beatrice Carettoni, Annalisa Saetta, Concetta Arcanà, Ana Paula De Maio, Diego Lopane, Tatiana Speciale, Stefania Mazzieri, Lorenza Rimassa, Armando Santoro
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

22 Background: Caregivers (CGs) of advanced cancer patients (pts/ACPs) experience a higher incidence of medical and psychological conditions compared to general population. Methods: We conducted a prospective assessment of the caregiver burden (CGB) - a term describing the physical, psychological, emotional, social, and financial problems often experienced by CGs - to identify potential risk management strategies. We used the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), a multi-dimensional questionnaire with 5 subscales: Time Dependent, Developmental, Physical, Social, Emotional CGB, as a quantitative tool to investigate the level of stress of our pts CGs. Also, we used a semi-structured interview with 5 questions as a qualitative tool. Results: From Dec 2016 to Feb 2017 we administered the CBI and the interview to 37 CGs (F/M 31/6) of ACPs in 3 different settings: inpatient (9 CGs), outpatient (15 CGs), home-based (13 CGs). The quantitative data analysis showed that CGs had a variable emotional load, mostly of moderate level. In particular, the level of stress of our pts CGs of outpatients and inpatients was higher in the physical dimension, while was higher in the time dimension for CGs of home-based pts. Semi-structured interviews showed that CGs of home-based pts did not feel adequate to provide assistance to their relatives, and had partial or poor knowledge of basic care, especially of in-bed mobilization and hygiene techniques. In the other 2 settings, CGs showed a higher level of stress due to the lack of a professional contact person throughout the care pathway, and experienced the need of psychological support. Overall, the qualitative assessment showed that CGs lives were strongly affected by caregiving. Conclusions: Our results confirm published data showing that assisting ACPs is a particularly difficult task for the CGs. Therefore, we implemented potential improvement strategies: in the home setting, specific attention to the educational aspects of basic care; in the inpatient setting, a weekly meeting for physicians, nurses, and psychologists, to discuss the most difficult cases; in the outpatient setting, a 25% increase in the number of visits for pain and supportive therapy to offer a better continuity of care.
Gran brote de rubéola en Rumania - 2003
Authors: A Rafila, M Marin, A Pistol, D Nicolaiciuc, E Lupulescu, A Uzicanin, S Reef
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2004)

Rumania registro un gran brote de rubeola en 2002-03, con mas de 115.000 casos declarados en todo el pais y una incidencia de 531 casos declarados por 100.000 habitantes. La incidencia mas elevada se registro en ninos en edad escolar. Las cohortes de ninas adolescentes vacunadas en 1998 y 2002 (cuando se dispuso de una vacuna con contenido de rubeola) presentaron unas tasas de incidencia significativamente mas bajas (pl0,001) que en varones del mismo grupo de edad no vacunados. En 2003, de los 150 casos declarados sospechosos de sindrome de rubeola congenita (SRC), siete (4,6%) fueron confirmados por anticuerpos positivos IgM de rubeola. A falta de una vacuna con contenido de rubeola para controlar el brote, se desarrollo un plan de respuesta al brote para mejorar la deteccion de casos y limitar la transmision del virus de la rubeola. Se realizaron las siguientes actividades: se implanto la vigilancia de mujeres embarazadas con rubeola sospechosa o antecedentes de exposicion al virus de la rubeola, con seguimiento de los resultados del embarazo; se reforzo la vigilancia de SRC; se reforzaron las guias para el control de la infeccion para prevenir la transmision de la enfermedad en el entorno de centros de atencion sanitaria; por ultimo, se desarrollo un plan de comunicacion. En mayo de 2004, Rumania introduce la vacuna contra el sarampion, la parotiditis y la rubeola (MMR) para su administracion sistematica a ninos de 12 a 15 meses de edad, a la par que mantiene la vacunacion de ninas de 13-14 anos de edad con la vacuna monovalente contra la rubeola.
P2.07-042 Feasibility Study of Nivolumab and Docetaxel in Previously Treated Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: T. Shimokawa, Y. Nakamura, S. Iwasawa, K. Miyazaki, T. Yamanaka, Y. Takiguchi, H. Okamoto
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Riesgo residual de infecciones virales transmitidas por la sangre en España, 1997-2002, e impacto de la prueba de ácidos nucleicos (NAT)
Authors: M Alvarez do Barrio, R González Díez, J M Hernández Sánchez, S Oyonarte Gómez
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2005)

Las estimaciones del riesgo de infecciones viricas transmitidas por la sangre son esenciales para evaluar la seguridad de los hemoderivados y el impacto de nuevas pruebas de cribado. Entre 1997 y 1999 se calcularon las tasas de incidencia de seroconversion y el riesgo residual para los virus de la hepatitis B (VHB), C (VHC) y VIH entre donantes repetidores espanoles de 22 centros de donacion. Para el periodo comprendido entre 2000 y 2002 se realizaron los mismos calculos en siete de estos 22 centros. El riesgo residual por millon de donaciones fue estimado en 18,67 para el VHB, 2,49 para VIH y 10,96 para el VHC (entre 1997 y 1999). Para el periodo 2000-2002, el riesgo residual por millon de donaciones se estimo en 9,78 para el VHB, 2,48 para VIH y 3,94 para el VHC. Entre 2000 y 2003 se analizaron por NAT alrededor de 3,4 millones de donaciones, principalmente en mezclas de plasma de 44 donaciones, en 12 de los 22 centros espanoles de donacion participantes en el estudio. Se encontraron ocho donaciones anti-VHC negativas y VHC-ARN positivas, lo cual representa un rendimiento aproximado de 1/420.000, frente a un rendimiento previsto de 1/240.000, obtenido segun los datos de 1995 a 1997. Los riesgos residuales de infecciones viricas transmitidas por transfusiones sanguineas en Espana han sido bajos y con la puesta en marcha de NAT estos riesgos son incluso inferiores.
Neuroimaging genomics in psychiatry—a translational approach
Authors: Mary S. Mufford, Dan J. Stein, Shareefa Dalvie, Nynke A. Groenewold, Paul M. Thompson, Neda Jahanshad
Journal: Genome Medicine (2017)

Neuroimaging genomics is a relatively new field focused on integrating genomic and imaging data in order to investigate the mechanisms underlying brain phenotypes and neuropsychiatric disorders. While early work in neuroimaging genomics focused on mapping the associations of candidate gene variants with neuroimaging measures in small cohorts, the lack of reproducible results inspired better-powered and unbiased large-scale approaches. Notably, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of brain imaging in thousands of individuals around the world have led to a range of promising findings. Extensions of such approaches are now addressing epigenetics, gene–gene epistasis, and gene–environment interactions, not only in brain structure, but also in brain function. Complementary developments in systems biology might facilitate the translation of findings from basic neuroscience and neuroimaging genomics to clinical practice. Here, we review recent approaches in neuroimaging genomics—we highlight the latest discoveries, discuss advantages and limitations of current approaches, and consider directions by which the field can move forward to shed light on brain disorders.
Modulation of GLP-1 Levels by a Genetic Variant That Regulates the Cardiovascular Effects of Intensive Glycemic Control in ACCORD
Authors: Hetal S. Shah, Mario Luca Morieri, Santica M. Marcovina, Ronald J. Sigal, Hertzel C. Gerstein, Michael J. Wagner, Alison A. Motsinger-Reif, John B. Buse, Peter Kraft, Josyf C. Mychaleckyj, Alessandro Doria
Journal: Diabetes Care (2017)

OBJECTIVE A genome-wide association study in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) trial identified two markers (rs57922 and rs9299870) that were significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality during intensive glycemic control and could potentially be used, when combined into a genetic risk score (GRS), to identify patients with diabetes likely to derive benefit from intensive control rather than harm. The aim of this study was to gain insights into the pathways involved in the modulatory effect of these variants. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Fasting levels of 65 biomarkers were measured at baseline and at 12 months of follow-up in the ACCORD-Memory in Diabetes (ACCORD-MIND) MRI substudy (n = 562). Using linear regression models, we tested the association of the GRS with baseline and 12-month biomarker levels, and with their difference (Δ), among white subjects, with genotype data (n = 351) stratified by intervention arm. RESULTS A significant association was observed between GRS and ΔGLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide 1, active) in the intensive arm (P = 3 × 10−4). This effect was driven by rs57922 (P = 5 × 10−4). C/C homozygotes, who had been found to derive cardiovascular benefits from intensive treatment, showed a 22% increase in GLP-1 levels during follow-up. By contrast, T/T homozygotes, who had been found to experience increased cardiac mortality with intensive treatment, showed a 28% reduction in GLP-1 levels. No association between ΔGLP-1 and GRS or rs57922 was observed in the standard treatment arm. CONCLUSIONS Differences in GLP-1 axis activation may mediate the modulatory effect of variant rs57922 on the cardiovascular response to intensive glycemic control. These findings highlight the importance of GLP-1 as a cardioprotective factor.
Outcomes and prognostic factors in re-irradiation of intracranial gliomas: Single institution experience
Authors: S. Paul, N. Sesikeran, V.P. Reddy, K. Bhattacharyya, S.T. Ahmed, R. Patlola, P. Upadhyay, V.K. Reddy, K. Mohanti, S. Reddy
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
A novel controlled release formulation of the Pin1 inhibitor ATRA to improve liver cancer therapy by simultaneously blocking multiple cancer pathways
Authors: Dayun Yang, Wensong Luo, Jichuang Wang, Min Zheng, Xin-Hua Liao, Nan Zhang, Wenxian Lu, Long Wang, Ai-Zheng Chen, Wen-Guo Wu, Hekun Liu, Shi-Bin Wang, Xiao Zhen Zhou, Kun Ping Lu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2017)
The swollen pinna
Authors: E Warner, C Weston, N Barclay-Klingle, R Corbridge
Journal: BMJ (2017)

A 65 year old man presented to his general practitioner with a one month history of pain and swelling of his left ear. His only comorbidity was a renal transplant 14 years earlier for immunoglobulin A nephropathy. His symptoms started with a small spot in the left external auditory canal and worsened after ear syringing. He was initially treated with two courses of oral antibiotics (co-amoxiclav). His symptoms failed to improve and he was admitted to hospital for intravenous antibiotics (tazocin and framycetin/gramicidin ear drops). On examination, the pinna was erythematous, warm, and swollen, without evidence of a discrete pus collection. Palpation of the neck revealed firm pre and post auricular nodes. He had no joint pains, respiratory, or eye symptoms, and was not diabetic. His inflammatory markers were not raised and he was discharged after 24 hours of intravenous antibiotics. The symptoms persisted and, after a further course of oral antibiotics in the community, he was again admitted (with increasing pain). The pinna was more painful, swollen, and erythematous on this admission (fig 1⇓). He was managed with intravenous antibiotics, microsuction, and insertion of a pope wick. Swabs revealed no growth, and the appearance of the pinna did not improve with antibiotic treatment.



Fig 1  Clinical appearance of the pinna following re-admission to hospital





### 1. What are the differential diagnoses?

#### Short answer

Perichondritis, relapsing perichondritis, necrotising otitis externa, malignancy (eg, Merkel’s cell carcinoma).

#### Discussion

Perichondritis is an infection of the ear cartilage most commonly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Infection can occur after …
Radomized trial of effects of IFN-? on the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Authors: S NISHIGUCHI
Journal: Hepatology (1995)

In this brief article, I have tried to lay stress on the fact that the problem of puerperal infection is almost entirely anatomical, depending on anatomical pathways for its spread, on physical and mechanical phenomena of stasis, drainage, etc., on cellular reactions called forth for defense, etc., and has very little to do with fancy theories of immunity, selective affinity of certain strains of bacteria for certain tissues, etc.In addition, the condition of septicemia, which denotes only the ability to recognize bacteria in the circulating blood, is in many of these cases intermittent, and, at times, does not exist. I have endeavored to enumerate the anatomical reasons for this assumption.In other words, bacteria do not multiply and grow in the blood but are discharged into it from either primary, secondary or tertiary depots in the various organs, in usually an intermittent fashion.When thrown into the circulating blood, nature makes every effort to quickly rid the blood of their presence through its organs of elimination and filtration. The application of chemotherapy in the intravenous injections of mercurochrome, gentian-violet, and other like substances, is only excusable on the premise of attempting to kill those organisms circulating in the blood at the time of the injections, and to thus prevent the establishment of secondary foci in other parts of the body. As one is unable to know when the blood is being showered, the hopelessness of such procedures seems convincing.Medication is, then, of no avail; vaccines and sera are equally useless. Only supportive blood transfusions seem to be of any benefit. I am not competent to discuss the value of artificial fever or heat produced by physical means.Williams 2 states, “In such cases prayer is the best treatment, and the better prayer a doctor is, the better his infected patients do.” The more radical the treatment the higher the mortality. The best results are obtained by those who do the least.While the anatomical view of the subject leads one immediately to the possibility of radical surgery in its irradication, the obvious difficulty in knowing how far the process has extended greatly restricts surgery to the incision and drainage of localized collections of pus (for instance, an abscess pointing above Poupart's ligament), and in rare, selected cases where either the immediate ligation of thrombosed veins or a quick hysterectomy for a uterus containing multiple abscesses, might be seriously considered. According to Williams the latter two surgical procedures were in his experience indicated only once in every few years.Finally, although this paper has been somewhat limited to the infections of the female pelvis, the general anatomical considerations, in the main, are applicable to other pyogenic infections, more especially to those of the middle ear and accessory sinuses of the head and to infected wounds of the extremities and trunk; the difference lying only in the type of tissues affected.
Multiple Regulatory Modules Are Required for Scale-to-Feather Conversion
Authors: Ping Wu, Jie Yan, Yung-Chih Lai, Chen Siang Ng, Ang Li, Xueyuan Jiang, Ruth M Elsey, Randall Widelitz, Ruchi Bajpai, Wen-Hsiung Li, Cheng-Ming Chuong
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2017)

The origin of feathers is an important question in Evo-Devo studies, with the eventual evolution of vaned feathers which are aerodynamic, allowing feathered dinosaurs and early birds to fly and venture into new ecological niches. Studying how feathers and scales are developmentally specified provides insight into how a new organ may evolve. We identified feather-associated genes using genomic analyses. The candidate genes were tested by expressing them in chicken and alligator scale forming regions. Ectopic expression of these genes induced intermediate morphotypes between scales and feathers which revealed several major morphogenetic events along this path: Localized growth zone formation, follicle invagination, epithelial branching, feather keratin differentiation, and dermal papilla formation. In addition to molecules known to induce feathers on scales (retinoic acid, β-catenin), we identified novel scale-feather converters (Sox2, Zic1, Grem1, Spry2, Sox18) which induce one or more regulatory modules guiding these morphogenetic events. Some morphotypes resemble filamentous appendages found in feathered dinosaur fossils, whereas others exhibit characteristics of modern avian feathers. We propose these morpho-regulatory modules were used to diversify archosaur scales and to initiate feather evolution. The regulatory combination and hierarchical integration may have led to the formation of extant feather forms. Our study highlights the importance of integrating discoveries between developmental biology and paleontology.
El Statens Serum Institute danés celebra su centenario
Authors: M. S. Vilayleck
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2002)

El 9 de septiembre de 2002, el Statens Serum Institute (SSI) de Dinamarca celebro su centenario. Se organizaron conferencias sobre enfermedades emergentes y reemergentes, la creacion de vacunas y el lanzamiento de un nuevo sitio web (www.ssi.dk).
Listeriosis en Europa : aumenta la necesidad de una red de vigilancia europea
Authors: C Hedberg
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2006)

Hace cuatro anos, Henriette de Valk y sus colegas evaluaron la necesidad y la viabilidad de una red europea dedicada a las infecciones por Listeria en humanos. Dicha red se veia como un medio de reforzar la vigilancia en cada pais, armonizando los metodos microbiologicos y proporcionando herramientas epidemiologicas para las investigaciones. Los resultados de su encuesta eran claros : los participantes reconocieron que dicha red facilitaria la deteccion e investigacion de brotes y que podria basarse en los sistemas nacionales de vigilancia existentes. Ha habido un apoyo institucional considerable para el desarrollo de una red europea para Listeria , y en respuesta a los esfuerzos de planificacion, la vigilancia de la listeriosis mejoro en varios paises. Sin embargo, la red tiene que ser todavia implementada.
Nomenclature of Cutaneous Vasculitis
Authors: Cord H. Sunderkötter, Bernhard Zelger, Ko‐Ron Chen, Luis Requena, ‎Warren Piette, J. Andrew Carlson, Jan Dutz, Peter Lamprecht, Alfred Mahr, Elisabeth Aberer, Victoria P. Werth, David A. Wetter, Seiji Kawana, Raashid Luqmani, Camille Frances, Joseph Jorizzo, J. Richard Watts, Dieter Metze, Marzia Caproni, Erkan Alpsoy, Jeffrey P. Callen, David Fiorentino, Peter A. Merkel, Ronald J. Falk, J. Charles Jennette
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2017)

Objective To prepare a dermatologic addendum to the 2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides ( CHCC 2012) to address vasculitides affecting the skin (D‐ CHCC ). The goal was to standardize the names and definitions for cutaneous vasculitis. Methods A nominal group technique with a facilitator was used to reach consensus on the D‐ CHCC nomenclature, using multiple face‐to‐face meetings, e‐mail discussions, and teleconferences. Results Standardized names, definitions, and descriptions were adopted for cutaneous components of systemic vasculitides (e.g., cutaneous IgA vasculitis as a component of systemic IgA vasculitis), skin‐limited variants of systemic vasculitides (e.g., skin‐limited IgA vasculitis, drug‐induced skin‐limited antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis), and cutaneous single‐organ vasculitides that have no systemic counterparts (e.g., nodular vasculitis). Cutaneous vasculitides that were not included in the CHCC 2012 nomenclature were introduced. Conclusion Standardized names and definitions are a prerequisite for developing validated classification and diagnostic criteria for cutaneous vasculitis. Accurate identification of specifically defined variants of systemic and skin‐limited vasculitides requires knowledgeable integration of data from clinical, laboratory, and pathologic studies. This proposed nomenclature of vasculitides affecting the skin, the D‐ CHCC , provides a standard framework both for clinicians and for investigators.
Dried plasma spot assay for sunitinib and its active metabolite by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: R.A. Makihara, M. Maeda, K. Itahashi, S. Noda, J. Sato, S. Murakami, Y. Goto, S. Kanda, Y. Fujiwara, H. Horinouchi, T. Tsukamoto, H. Hashimoto, Y. Makino, N. Yamamoto, Y. Ohe, H. Terakado
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Don't shoot the giant whose shoulders we are standing on
Authors: Jan P de Ruiter, Laura E de Ruiter
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract Structural priming is a sufficient but not a necessary condition for proving the existence of representations. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. Cognitive science relies on the legitimacy of positing representations and processes without “proving” every component. Also, psycholinguistics relies on other methods, including acceptability judgments, to find the materials for priming experiments in the first place.
Abstract 21340: The Effect of Number and Level of Emergency Medical Technicians on Patient Outcomes Following Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Hio Cheng Lam, Jen-Tang Sun, Wen-Chu Chiang, Ming-Ju Hsieh, Edward Pei-Chuan Huang, Shyh-Shyong Sim, Kuang-Chao Tsai, Chih-Hao Lin, Matthew Huei-Ming Ma
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: The effect of on-scene number and level of emergency medical technicians (EMTs) on the outcome of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains unclear. In Taipei city, the respond number of EMTs for an OHCA ranged from 2 to 6 and the levels included EMT-intermediate (EMT-I) and EMT-paramedic (EMT-P). Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that for adult, non-trauma OHCA patient, on-scene EMT number more than 2 or level of the EMT-P ratio &gt;50%, comparing to crews with two EMT-Is, would improve survival to hospital discharge. Methods: We analyzed five years of Utstein-based registry data on OHCA in Taipei. The eligible patients were non-traumatic adult OHCA with resuscitation attempts. The exposures were the total number of EMT or the EMT-P ratio &gt;50%. The outcome was survival to discharge. Subgroup analyses were based on Utstein template. Results: From 2011 to 2015, there were 8,262 cases included. The average of on-scene EMT number was 3.0 ± 1.0, and a total of 1085 (13.1%) OHCAs was approached by crews of EMT-P ratio &gt;50%. The overall cases of survival to discharge were 616 (7.5%). While the increase of one EMT on-scene was not associated with better chances of survival (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89-1.08), the level with the EMT-P ratio &gt;50% was associated with improved outcome (aOR 1.36; 95%CI: 1.06-1.76). Subgroup analyses showed that EMT-P &gt;50% significantly benefited the outcome in witnessed OHCAs with non-shockable rhythm (aOR 1.69; 95%CI: 1.01-2.58). Taking both number and level into consideration (figure) , the best survival to discharge occurred at 4 EMTs with the EMT-P ratio &gt;50% (aOR 2.54; 95%CI: 1.43-4.50) when compared to crews with two EMTs. Conclusions: On-scene EMT-P ratio &gt;50% was associated with improved survival to discharge of OHCAs, especially in those with witnessed, non-shockable rhythm. The presence of four EMTs with EMTP-ratio &gt;50% at the scene of OHCA was associated with the best outcome.