tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Chemical Alteration of Polysaccharide from &lt;italic&gt;Serratia Marcescens&lt;/italic&gt;. III. Reaction of Polysaccharide with Radioactive &lt;italic&gt;P&lt;/italic&gt;-Iodobenzene Diazonium Chloride and the Use of the Product in an Experimental and Clinical Study&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/xref&gt;
Authors: Arnold M. Seligman, Theodore Sack
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1949)

Journal Article Chemical Alteration of Polysaccharide from Serratia Marcescens. III. Reaction of Polysaccharide with Radioactive P-Iodobenzene Diazonium Chloride and the Use of the Product in an Experimental and Clinical Study Get access Arnold M. Seligman, Arnold M. Seligman assistant professor of surgery Kirstein Laboratory for Surgical Research, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, and the Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Theodore Sack Theodore Sack research associate Kirstein Laboratory for Surgical Research, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, and the Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 10, Issue 1, August 1949, Pages 105–118, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/10.1.105 Published: 01 August 1949 Article history Received: 04 January 1949 Published: 01 August 1949
中国正面临日益严重的烟草危害(二):死亡率前瞻性研究的早期结果
Authors: 纽式如, 杨功焕, 陈铮鸣, 王俊玲, 王公昊, 何兴舟, HelenSchoepff, JillianBoreham, 潘洪潮, RichardPeto
Journal: BMJ (1999)

目的 :近几十年来 ,中国男性的烟草消耗大幅度增加 ,因而需要监测与烟草有关的死亡率及其不断发展的流行趋势。设计 :对 2 2 4 5 0 0名被观察者最终将进行几十年随访 ,以进行吸烟与死亡率的前瞻性研究。背景 :分布于中国的 4 5个有代表性的城市与农村小区。对象 :1990年 ,对调查点 4 0岁及以上男性人群中的 80 %进行关于吸烟、饮酒情况及病史的调查询问。主要结果测定 :截止至 1995年的疾病别死亡率 (研究还将继续 )。在对地区、年龄及饮酒情况标化后 ,测定吸烟与不吸烟者的相对危险度。结果 :研究对象的 74 %是吸烟者 ( 73 %是目前吸烟者 ,仅 1%是过去吸烟者 ) ,但在这代人中仅少数从青年期大量吸卷烟。吸烟者总死亡率增高 (相对危险度 1.19;95 %可信区间为 1.13～1.2 5 ,P <0 .0 0 0 1)。几乎所有的超额死亡与肿瘤、呼吸道疾病或血管疾病有关。目前与吸烟有关的总死亡相对危险度 ,农村地区 (开始吸烟时间为 2 0岁前、2 0～ 2 4岁或较大年龄者分别为 1.2 6,1.12或 1.0 2 )比城市地区 (分别为 1.73、1.4 0或1.16)相对为低。结论 :本项前瞻性研究与同期发表的回顾性研究表明 ,在 1990年 ,吸烟所致的死亡约占中国中年男性死亡的 12 % ,预计在 2 0 3 0年时这个比例将上升至 3 3 %。长期继续的前瞻性研究 (?
RNA Therapeutics in Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Tina Lucas, Angelika Bonauer, Stefanie Dimmeler
Journal: Circulation Research (2018)

Noncoding RNAs have been shown to exert important physiological and pathophysiological functions. Various studies suggest that modulating noncoding RNAs may provide a therapeutic option. Noncoding RNAs comprise small RNAs, mainly microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs. MicroRNAs postranscriptionally regulate gene expression pattern by binding to the 3'untranslated region of a given target mRNA, thereby blocking protein translation or inducing its degradation. Long noncoding RNAs on the contrary have more diverse functions acting as epigenetic regulators, molecular scaffolds, or decoys. In this article, we summarize examples of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, which might be promising novel targets for treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, fibrosis, as well as atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we give insights into the available tools to inhibit or overexpress noncoding RNAs and discuss the challenges for translation. Strategies for improving RNA therapeutics and reducing toxicity, for example, by augmenting tissue specificity or cellular uptake will be discussed.
TAILORing Adjuvant Systemic Therapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Vered Stearns
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Five to ten years of adjuvant endocrine therapy provides a substantial benefit in terms of survival outcomes among women with early-stage hormone receptor–positive breast cancer, the most common subtype of breast cancer diagnosed in Western society.1-3 Several tools are available to help select women who will benefit from the addition of chemotherapy to adjuvant endocrine therapy.4,5 The 21-gene recurrence assay is one such tool. It was developed and validated in retrospective analyses of samples obtained from women with node-negative, hormone receptor–positive breast cancer who were enrolled in large, prospective, randomized clinical trials. Recurrence scores based on this assay range from . . .
Abstract 717: Biological Pacemaker Engineered by Non-viral Gene Delivery improves Survival in a Mouse Model of Complete Atrioventricular Block
Authors: Julien Piron, Khai Le Quang, Lea Desigaux, Bruno Pitard, Denis Escande, Flavien Charpentier
Journal: Circulation (2006)

We hypothesized that a non-viral gene transfer of the hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated HCN2 channel (Hcn2) combined with the β2-adrenergic receptor (Adrb2) would generate a func...
Severe obesity and gut microbiota: does bariatric surgery really reset the system?
Authors: Patrice D Cani
Journal: Gut (2018)

The gut microbiota is considered as one of the relevant contributors involved in the complex causes of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Indeed, a plethora of publications describing the composition of the microbiota in subjects suffering from overweight or obesity as well as type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic diseases are available (for review1 2). Conversely, the characteristics of the microbiome in extreme forms of obesity (ie, severe and morbid Body Mass Index >35–40 kg/m2) has been barely described.

Bariatric surgery has dramatically increased worldwide and is now appearing as a solution to reduce cardiovascular risks and diabetes, thereby leading to consider this surgical procedure as a ‘metabolic surgery’.3 4 Interestingly, one of the key features of the microbiome characterising obesity is the so-called low microbial gene richness, which strongly correlates with metabolic disorders such as low-grade inflammation, insulin resistance, adipocyte size but also chance of success to respond to dietary intervention.5 6 However, we lack comprehensive data exploring the impact of bariatric surgery on severe obesity and the evolution of the microbiome (ie, composition, gene richness and activity) at several time points after the surgical intervention. Indeed, although some studies demonstrated changes in gut microbiota composition after bariatric surgery, most of the investigations were performed using different techniques (eg, qPCR, 16S rDNA sequencing) in a small cohort of subjects and only very few of them used whole metagenome sequencing.

In GUT , Aron-Wisnewski and colleagues have recently filled this gap …
Medication-Assisted Treatment for Alcohol-Dependent Adults With Serious Mental Illness and Criminal Justice Involvement: Effects on Treatment Utilization and Outcomes
Authors: Allison G. Robertson, Michele M. Easter, HsiuJu Lin, Linda K. Frisman, Jeffrey W. Swanson, Marvin S. Swartz
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2018)

Adults with serious mental illness and comorbid alcohol dependence are at high risk for both high utilization of crisis-driven health care services and criminal justice involvement. Evidence-based medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for alcohol dependence may reduce both crisis service utilization and criminal recidivism. The authors estimated the effect of MAT on behavioral health treatment utilization and criminal justice outcomes for this population.Relevant administrative data were merged from several public agencies in Connecticut for 5,743 adults ≥18 years old who had schizophrenia spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder comorbid with moderate to severe alcohol dependence and who were incarcerated for at least one night during the study window (2002-2009). Longitudinal multivariable regression models were used to estimate the effect of MAT compared with other outpatient substance abuse treatments on inpatient mental health and substance abuse hospitalizations, emergency department visits, criminal convictions, and incarcerations.MAT was associated with significant improvements in clinical outcomes in the 12 months following initiation compared with non-MAT comparison treatment, including greater reductions in mental health hospitalization and emergency department visits and greater improvements in psychotropic medication adherence. No benefits of MAT were found for most criminal justice outcomes, except for significant reductions in felony convictions among adults with bipolar disorder.MAT is underused for treating alcohol dependence, especially among adults with serious mental illness. These results suggest that MAT can have important benefits for clinical outcomes in this population. More research is needed to improve its use in this patient population as well as to address barriers to its availability.
The role of substantia nigra sonography in the differentiation of Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy
Authors: Hai-Yan Zhou, Pei Huang, Qian Sun, Juan-Juan Du, Shi-Shuang Cui, Yun-Yun Hu, Wei-Wei Zhan, Ying Wang, Qin Xiao, Jun Liu, Yu-Yan Tan, Sheng-Di Chen
Journal: Translational Neurodegeneration (2018)

The differential diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) remains a challenge, especially in the early stage. Here, we assessed the value of transcranial sonography (TCS) to discriminate non-tremor dominant (non-TD) PD from MSA with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P).Eighty-six MSA-P patients and 147 age and gender-matched non-TD PD patients who had appropriate temporal acoustic bone windows were included in this study. All the patients were followed up for at least 2 years to confirm the initial diagnosis. Patients with at least one substantia nigra (SN) echogenic size ≥18 mm2 were classified as hyperechogenic, those with at least one SN echogenic size ≥25 mm2 was defined as markedly hyperechogenic.The frequency of SN hyperechogenicity in non-TD PD patients was significantly higher than that in MSA-P patients (74.1% vs. 38.4%, p < 0.001). SN hyperechogenicity discriminated non-TD PD from MSA-P with sensitivity of 74.1%, specificity of 61.6%, and positive predictive value of 76.8%. If marked SN hyperechogenicity was used as the cutoff value (≥ 25 mm2), the sensitivity decreased to 46.3%, but the specificity and positive predictive value increased to 80.2 and 80.0%. Additionally, in those patients with SN hyperechogenicity, positive correlation between SN hyperechogenicity area and disease duration was found in non-TD PD rather than in MSA-P patients. In this context, among early-stage patients with disease duration ≤3 years, the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of SN hyperechogenicity further declined to 69.8%, 52.2%, and 66.7%, respectively.TCS could help discriminate non-TD PD from MSA-P in a certain extent, but the limitation was also obvious with relatively low specificity, especially in the early stage.
Beyond Primary Tumor Location and <i>RAS/BRAF</i> Mutational Status as Prognostic Factor in Stage III Colon Cancer
Authors: Lisa Salvatore, Fiorella Lombardo, Giampaolo Tortora
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Cuerpos extraños esofágicos: Nuestra experiencia en un hospital terciario
Authors: Y García De La Rosa, P Estévez Boullosa, A Martínez, F Domínguez, JR Pineda, V Hernández, J Cadilla, S Vázquez, S Pereira, I Rodríguez-Prada
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

INTRODUCCION: La ingesta de cuerpos extraños puede suceder en niños y en adultos. En estos últimos, la causa de obstrucción esofágica más frecuente suele ser la impactación por un bolo cárnico proximal a la presencia de un anillo o una estenosis esofágica.
Academics who raised concerns about research misconduct are threatened with lawsuit
Authors: Nigel Hawkes
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Two academics at Liverpool University, UK, who made a series of complaints about alleged research misconduct at University College London (UCL) have been threatened with a lawsuit by a spin-off company seeking to commercialise the research.

The dispute arose after Patricia Murray, professor of cellular and molecular physiology at Liverpool, and colleague Raphael Levy, a senior lecturer at the university, raised questions over research into transplanted tracheas seeded with the patient’s own stem cells, which have been used in a number of operations.

The academics claimed that studies at UCL led by Martin Birchall had not supplied safety and efficacy data adequate to support a trial of the technique and that they had provided false information to an ethics committee to obtain approval for the trial.

UCL agreed to consider the complaints under its research misconduct procedure …
Experiencia en nuestro centro en el diagnóstico ecoendoscópico de ampulomas
Authors: E Fernández-Fernández, F Vadillo-Calles, JG Martínez-Cara, P Abellán-Alfocea, EJ Ortega-Suazo, RA Jiménez-Rosales, F Valverde-López, E Redondo-Cerezo
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

Los ampulomas son neoplasias que aparecen en la papila de Vater. El 90% son malignas. La lesión precursora es el adenoma. Clínicamente se manifiestan como ictericia obstructiva y menos frecuentemente como dolor abdominal o anemia por pérdidas. El tratamiento puede ser endoscópico por ampulectomia o quirúrgico con duodenopancreatectomía cefálica.
Clustering of end‐organ disease and earlier mortality in adults with sickle cell disease: A retrospective‐prospective cohort study
Authors: Shruti Chaturvedi, Djamila Labib Ghafuri, Natalie Jordan, Adetola Kassim, Mark Rodeghier, Michael R. DeBaun
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2018)

Chronic end-organ complications result in morbidity and mortality in adults with sickle cell disease (SCD). In a retrospective-prospective cohort of 150 adults with SCD who received standard care screening for pulmonary function abnormalities, cardiac disease, and renal assessment from January 2003 to 2016, we tested the hypothesis that clustering of end-organ disease is common and multiple organ impairment predicts mortality. Any end-organ disease occurred in 59.3% of individuals, and 24.0% developed multiple organ (>1) end-organ disease. The number of end-organs affected was associated with mortality (P ≤ .001); 8.2% (5 of 61) of individuals with no affected end-organ, 9.4% (5 of 53) of those with 1 affected organ, 20.7% (6 of 29) of those with 2 affected end-organs, and 85.7% (6 of 7) with 3 affected end-organs died over a median follow up period of 8.7 (interquartile range 3.5-11.4) years. Of the 22 individuals who died, 77.3% had evidence of any SCD-related end-organ impairment, and this was the primary or secondary cause of death in 45.0%. SCD-related chronic impairment in multiple organs, and its association with mortality, highlights the need to understand the common mechanisms underlying chronic end-organ damage in SCD, and the urgent need to develop interventions to prevent irreversible end-organ complications in SCD.
A conceptual model for short-term inpatient group psychotherapy
Authors: H D Kibel
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (1981)

The author reviews the history of the literature on inpatient group psychotherapy. Key observations of early workers--the central role of the group leader, the experiential benefits of the group, and the relationship to the milieu--have not resulted in wide application of this form of therapy because of limitations of previous conceptual models. The model presented draws on concepts of general systems and object relations theory. General systems theory explains how the small therapy group symbolically reflects the dynamic process of the psychiatric unit. Object relations theory provides a unique understanding of the central regulatory function of the therapist and the beneficial effects of the group. The author provides clinical illustrations of these points.
Association of Early Introduction of Solids With Infant Sleep
Authors: Michael R. Perkin, Henry T. Bahnson, Kirsty Logan, Tom Marrs, Suzana Radulovic, Joanna Craven, Carsten Flohr, Gideon Lack
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2018)

The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months. However, 75% of British mothers introduce solids before 5 months and 26% report infant waking at night as influencing this decision.To determine whether early introduction of solids influences infant sleep.The Enquiring About Tolerance study was a population-based randomized clinical trial conducted from January 15, 2008, to August 31, 2015, that included 1303 exclusively breastfed 3-month-old infants from England and Wales. Clinical visits took place at St Thomas' Hospital, London, England, and the trial studied the early introduction of solids into the infant diet from age 3 months.The early introduction group (EIG) continued to breastfeed while nonallergenic and then 6 allergenic foods were introduced. The standard introduction group (SIG) followed British infant feeding guidelines (ie, exclusive breastfeeding to around age 6 months and to avoid any food consumption during this period).Secondary analysis of an a priori secondary outcome of the effect of early food introduction on infant sleep using the standardized Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire.Of the 1303 infants who were enrolled in the Enquiring About Tolerance study, 1225 participants (94%) completed the final 3-year questionnaire (618 SIG [95%] and 607 EIG [93%]). Randomization was effective and there were no significant baseline differences between the 2 groups. Following the early introduction of solids, infants in the EIG slept significantly longer and woke significantly less frequently than infants in the SIG. Differences between the 2 groups peaked at age 6 months. At this point, in the intention-to-treat analysis infants in the EIG slept for 16.6 (95% CI, 7.8-25.4) minutes longer per night and their night waking frequency had decreased from 2.01 to 1.74 wakings per night. Most clinically important, very serious sleep problems, which were significantly associated with maternal quality of life, were reported significantly more frequently in the SIG than in the EIG (odds ratio, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.22-2.61).In a randomized clinical trial, the early introduction of solids into the infant's diet was associated with longer sleep duration, less frequent waking at night, and a reduction in reported very serious sleep problems.isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN14254740.
Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover and Risk of Incident Diabetes in Older Women: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Daniele Massera, Mary L. Biggs, Marcella D. Walker, Kenneth J. Mukamal, Joachim H. Ix, Luc Djousse, Rodrigo J. Valderrábano, David S. Siscovick, Russell P. Tracy, Xiaonan Xue, Jorge R. Kizer
Journal: Diabetes Care (2018)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of osteocalcin (OC), a marker of bone formation, and C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), a marker of bone resorption, with incident diabetes in older women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The analysis included 1,455 female participants from the population-based Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) (mean [SD] age 74.6 [5.0] years). The cross-sectional association of serum total OC and CTX levels with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was examined using multiple linear regression. The longitudinal association of both markers with incident diabetes, defined by follow-up glucose measurements, medications, and ICD-9 codes, was examined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS OC and CTX were strongly correlated (r = 0.80). In cross-sectional analyses, significant or near-significant inverse associations with HOMA-IR were observed for continuous levels of OC (β = −0.12 per SD increment; P = 0.004) and CTX (β = −0.08 per SD; P = 0.051) after full adjustment for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical covariates. During a median follow-up of 11.5 years, 196 cases of incident diabetes occurred. After full adjustment, both biomarkers exhibited inverse associations with incident diabetes (OC: hazard ratio 0.85 per SD [95% CI 0.71–1.02; P = 0.075]; CTX: 0.82 per SD [0.69–0.98; P = 0.031]), associations that were comparable in magnitude and approached or achieved statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS In late postmenopausal women, lower OC and CTX levels were associated with similarly increased risks of insulin resistance at baseline and incident diabetes over long-term follow-up. Further research to delineate the mechanisms linking abnormal bone homeostasis and energy metabolism could uncover new approaches for the prevention of these age-related disorders.