tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Art as emotional exploration
Authors: Keith Oatley
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract The Roman poet Horace said poetry gives pleasure and instructs. A more informative theory is that poetry and art, in general, are less about pleasure than about exploration of emotions. Literary authors concentrate on negative emotions, seemingly to try and understand them. In two studies, reading literary art enabled the transformation of selfhood, not by being instructed but by people changing in their own ways.
Both collection risk and waiting costs give rise to the behavioral constellation of deprivation
Authors: Hugo Mell, Nicolas Baumard, Jean-Baptiste André
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract Pepper &amp; Nettle explain the behavioral constellation of deprivation (BCD) in terms of differences in collection risk (i.e., the probability of collecting a reward after some delay) between high- and low-socioeconomic-status (SES) populations. We argue that a proper explanation should also include the costs of waiting per se, which are paid even when the benefits are guaranteed.
New guideline will put 30 million more Americans in high BP group
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2017)

New US guidelines will bring the number of US adults considered to have high blood pressure from 72 million to 103 million.

The new guidance, published by the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology, defines pressure over 130/80 mm Hg as hypertension, instead of 140/90 as previously.1 As a result of the change, the number of diagnosable cases of hypertension among US men aged under 45 will triple, while the number of hypertensive women under 45 will double. But it is not expected to lead to a commensurate increase in the number of people taking blood pressure lowering drugs, as the guidelines urge lifestyle intervention first for people at the lower end of the hypertensive range.

The guidelines committee estimated that an extra 4.2 million people in …
Network Neuroscience Theory of Human Intelligence
Authors: Aron K. Barbey
Journal: Trends in Cognitive Sciences (2017)

TrendsAccumulating evidence from network neuroscience indicates that g depends on the dynamic reorganization of brain networks, modifying their topology and community structure in the service of system-wide flexibility and adaptation.Whereas crystallized intelligence engages easy-to-reach network states that access prior knowledge and experience, fluid intelligence recruits difficult-to-reach network states that support cognitive flexibility and adaptive problem-solving.The capacity to flexibly transition between networks states therefore provides the basis for g – enabling rapid information exchange across networks and capturing individual differences in information processing at a global level.This framework sets the stage for new approaches to understanding the neural foundations of g, examining individual differences in brain network topology and dynamics.AbstractAn enduring aim of research in the psychological and brain sciences is to understand the nature of individual differences in human intelligence, examining the stunning breadth and diversity of intellectual abilities and the remarkable neurobiological mechanisms from which they arise. This Opinion article surveys recent neuroscience evidence to elucidate how general intelligence, g, emerges from individual differences in the network architecture of the human brain. The reviewed findings motivate new insights about how network topology and dynamics account for individual differences in g, represented by the Network Neuroscience Theory. According to this framework, g emerges from the small-world topology of brain networks and the dynamic reorganization of its community structure in the service of system-wide flexibility and adaptation.
Stochastic phenotype switching leads to intratumor heterogeneity in human liver cancer
Authors: Andrija Matak, Pooja Lahiri, Ethan Ford, Daniela Pabst, Karl Kashofer, Dimitris Stellas, Dimitris Thanos, Kurt Zatloukal
Journal: Hepatology (2017)

Intratumor heterogeneity is increasingly recognized as a major factor impacting diagnosis and personalized treatment of cancer. We characterized stochastic phenotype switching as a mechanism contributing to intratumor heterogeneity and malignant potential of liver cancer. Clonal analysis of primary tumor cell cultures of a human sarcomatoid cholangiocarcinoma identified different types of self-propagating subclones characterized by stable (keratin-7-positive or keratin-7-negative) phenotypes and an unstable phenotype consisting of mixtures of keratin-7-positive and keratin-7-negative cells, which lack stem cell features but may reversibly switch their phenotypes. Transcriptome sequencing and immunohistochemical studies with the markers Zeb1 and CD146/MCAM demonstrated that switching between phenotypes is linked to changes in gene expression related but not identical to epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Stochastic phenotype switching occurred during mitosis and did not correlate with changes in DNA methylation. Xenotransplantation assays with different cellular subclones demonstrated increased tumorigenicity of cells showing phenotype switching, resulting in tumors morphologically resembling the invasive component of primary tumor and metastasis.Our data demonstrate that stochastic phenotype switching contributes to intratumor heterogeneity and that cells with a switching phenotype have increased malignant potential. (Hepatology 2017).
Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 regulates autophagy associated chemoresistance via miR-23b-3p sequestration in gastric cancer
Authors: Hu YiRen, Yu YingCong, You Sunwu, Li Keqin, Tong Xiaochun, Chen Senrui, Chen Ende, Lin XiZhou, Chen Yanfan
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2017)

Chemoresistance has long been recognized as a major obstacle in cancer therapy. Clarifying the underlying mechanism of chemoresistance would result in novel strategies to improve patient's response to chemotherapeutics.lncRNA expression levels in gastric cancer (GC) cells was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). MALAT1 shRNAs and overexpression vector were transfected into GC cells to down-regulate or up-regulate MALAT1 expression. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to investigate the functional role of MALAT1 in autophagy associated chemoresistance.We showed that chemoresistant GC cells had higher levels of MALAT1 and increased autophagy compared with parental cells. Silencing of MALAT1 inhibited chemo-induced autophagy, whereas MALAT1 promoted autophagy in gastric cancer cells. Knockdown of MALAT1 sensitized GC cells to chemotherapeutics. MALAT1 acts as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-23b-3p and attenuates the inhibitory effect of miR-23b-3p on ATG12, leading to chemo-induced autophagy and chemoresistance in GC cells.Taken together, our study revealed a novel mechanism of lncRNA-regulated autophagy-related chemoresistance in GC, casting new lights on the understanding of chemoresistance.
Considering the filmmaker: Intensified continuity, narrative structure, and the Distancing-Embracing model
Authors: Kacie L. Armstrong, James E. Cutting
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract Menninghaus et al. pose two open-ended questions: To what extent do formal elements of art elicit negative affect, and do artists try to elicit this response in a theory-based or intuitive manner? For popular movies, we argue that the consideration of their construction is prior to the consideration of the experience that they evoke.
Interleukin-33-Activated Islet-Resident Innate Lymphoid Cells Promote Insulin Secretion through Myeloid Cell Retinoic Acid Production
Authors: Elise Dalmas, Frank M. Lehmann, Erez Dror, Stephan Wueest, Constanze Thienel, Marcela Borsigova, Marc Stawiski, Emmanuel Traunecker, Fabrizio C. Lucchini, Dianne H. Dapito, Sandra M. Kallert, Bruno Guigas, Francois Pattou, Julie Kerr-Conte, Pierre Maechler, Jean-Philippe Girard, Daniel Konrad, Christian Wolfrum, Marianne Böni-Schnetzler, Daniela Finke, Marc Y. Donath
Journal: Immunity (2017)
Treatment, logistical, and cost burden of prior authorization in community practice.
Authors: Ajaz Bulbul, Matney Huber, Sadaf Rashad, Emilio Araujo Mino, Adrianna Bautista, Paula Salcido, Jowana Marquez, Masoud Khorsand-Sahbaie
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

164 Background: Prior authorization (PA) process is complicated and labor intensive and with limited resources available to community practices, significant opportunity to reduce the costs of therapy exists by transforming this decision support process while being compliant with guidelines Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 123 patients between November 2016 and June 2016 across our three rural oncology practices with no dedicated in-house pharmacy. An established PA workflow involved two physicians, 1 nursing staff and 2 clerical staff involved in the process to manage PA for high cost imaging (PET/CT/MRI) or after a high-risk/cost prescription was initiated by a medical provider to a local pharmacy, specialty or mail-order pharmacy. Two Physicians determined strength of concordance with National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. We examined approval rates, method of communications, time to approval and whether these variables were associated treatment delay and insurance provider Results: Eight decision steps were necessary to obtain a PA. Forty-nine Medicare (39%), 21 managed Medicaid (17%), 29 commercial insurance (23.5%) and 14 commercial insurances (11%) required PA mostly for targeted therapy (29%), oral chemotherapy (28%), PET/CT (24%). Approval rate was 94.3% on first attempt with only 1.6% being denied after an appeal process. 89% concordance with NCCN guidelines was seen. Median time to start treatment was 4 working days (Mean 4.7; Range 0-18 days). PA requests were associated with greatest delay in approval time with managed Medicaid (7 v 1.51 days; p &lt; 0.0001) compared to Medicare, when specialty pharmacy was used (5.2 v 2.3 days p &lt; 0.03) and when fax was used versus online (4.1 v 2.3 days p &lt; 0.02). Conclusions: The impact of the PA process on care delivery and cost reduction are not clear. Current process is particularly burdensome on small practices especially given the high approval rates. Significant opportunity exists to reduce the inefficiency of this system using a computer algorithm-based PA using real-time online decision support system using NCCN guideline concordance
P2.07-009 Monitoring Nivolumab Binding as a Method to Clarify the Residual Therapeutic Effects in Previously Treated Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: A. Osa, S. Koyama, T. Uenami, K. Fujimoto, Y. Naito, H. Hirata, T. Takimoto, I. Nagatomo, Y. Takeda, H. Kida, M. Mori, T. Kijima, A. Kumanogoh
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
Lost in translation: Adolescents and young adults use words of hope to express their spirituality.
Authors: Krysta S. Barton, Tyler P Tate, Abby R. Rosenberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

185 Background: Adolescents and Young Adults (AYAs) with cancer are at risk for poor psychosocial outcomes, in part because cancer may disrupt developmental processes such as spiritual questioning. Indeed, spirituality may enable hope, meaning, and purpose, in turn facilitating the adjustment to cancer. The need to address spirituality has been established among adult patients, how to do so in an AYA age-appropriate manner has not been described. We aimed to better understand the language and perspectives of AYAs regarding spirituality. Methods: AYA patients (ages 14-25 years) were eligible if they had been diagnosed with cancer within the past 60 days. Demographic surveys including self-reported spirituality and religiousness were completed at the time of enrollment. Semi-structured, 1:1 interviews were conducted at the time of enrollment, 6-12, and 12-18 months later. Verbatim transcripts were coded by three independent coders using directed content analysis for instances of spirituality, religiosity, hope, and fear. Additional deductive analyses used a priori coding themes defined from prior conceptualizations of AYA hope: forced effort, personal possibilities, expectations of a better tomorrow, and anticipation of a better tomorrow Results: Seventeen patients completed 44 interviews with &gt; 100 hours of transcript-data. Their mean age was 17.1 (±2.7); 8 (47%) were male, their diagnoses were sarcoma (n = 8), acute leukemia (n = 6), and lymphoma (n = 3). At enrollment 10 (58%) &amp; 6 (35%) endorsed personal spirituality and religiousness in surveys, respectively, few verbal narratives included explicit self-identification of either construct. Further, while many AYAs denied spiritual beliefs, all of them endorsed hopes, often as a source of strength, meaning, or self-expression. Longitudinal analyses suggested an evolution of spiritual beliefs and self-identities, even when patients selected other language to describe such processes. Conclusions: AYAs with cancer are trying to work-through complex existential beliefs and questions. Often, instead of defining themselves as spiritual or religious or using explicit spiritual language, they articulate their existential feelings with the language of hope.
Marijuana, Secondhand Smoke, and Social Acceptability
Authors: Stanton A. Glantz, Bonnie Halpern-Felsher, Matthew L. Springer
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Abstract 19593: The Association of Circulating Cytokines, Chemokines and Growth Factors With Major Cardiovascular Risk Factor in Subjects With Clinical Manifestations of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Juho Jalkanen, Maija Hollmén, Sirpa Jalkanen, Harri Hakovirta, Veikko Salomaa
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Different cardiovascular risk factors affect different size arteries in atherosclerotic peripheral artery disease. The molecular mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain unknown. Hypo...
Cell-cycle-specific Cellular Responses to Sonoporation
Authors: Pengfei Fan, Yi Zhang, Xiasheng Guo, Chenliang Cai, Maochen Wang, Dongxin Yang, Yiran Li, Juan Tu, Lawrence A. Crum, Junru Wu, Dong Zhang
Journal: Theranostics (2017)

Microbubble-mediated sonoporation has shown its great potential in facilitating intracellular uptake of gene/drugs and other therapeutic agents that are otherwise difficult to enter cells.However, the biophysical mechanisms underlying microbubble-cell interactions remain unclear.Particularly, it is still a major challenge to get a comprehensive understanding of the impact of cell cycle phase on the cellular responses simultaneously occurring in cell membrane and cytoskeleton induced by microbubble sonoporation.Methods: Here, efficient synchronizations were performed to arrest human cervical epithelial carcinoma (HeLa) cells in individual cycle phases.The, topography and stiffness of synchronized cells were examined using atomic force microscopy.The variations in cell membrane permeabilization and cytoskeleton arrangement induced by sonoporation were analyzed simultaneously by a real-time fluorescence imaging system.Results: The results showed that G1-phase cells typically had the largest height and elastic modulus, while S-phase cells were generally the flattest and softest ones.Consequently, the S-Phase was found to be the preferred cycle for instantaneous sonoporation treatment, due to the greatest enhancement of membrane permeability and the fastest cytoskeleton disassembly at the early stage after sonoporation. Conclusion:The current findings may benefit ongoing efforts aiming to pursue rational utilization of microbubble-mediated sonoporation in cell cycle-targeted gene/drug delivery for cancer therapy.
First-line axitinib versus sorafenib in Asian patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC): Subgroup analysis of data from a phase III trial
Authors: X. Sheng, F. Bi, X. Ren, Y. Cheng, J. Wang, B. Rosbrook, M. Jiang, J. Guo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients Compared With Immunocompetent Patients
Authors: Joyce Y. Cheng, Fang-Yong Li, Christine J. Ko, Oscar R. Colegio
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2017)

<h3>Importance</h3> Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) have a 100-fold increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and they may develop more aggressive SCCs compared with immunocompetent individuals. <h3>Objective</h3> To compare outcomes associated with aggressive behavior of SCC in SOTRs and high-risk immunocompetent patients. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A retrospective cohort study of 58 SOTRs and 40 immunocompetent patients evaluated at the Yale Transplant Dermatology Clinic in New Haven, Connecticut, who had at least 1 SCC confirmed histopathologically between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2015. Cumulative follow-up time for this study was 369 patient-years. <h3>Exposure</h3> Immunosuppressive medication regimen for SOTRs. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The primary outcome measure was tumor depth of SCC. Secondary outcome measures that reflected tumor aggressiveness included perineural invasion, regional metastases, nodal metastases, disease-specific death, and overall death. <h3>Results</h3> Of the 58 SOTR study participants, 14 were women and 44 were men; the mean (SD) age was 61.3 (8.4) years. Of the 40 immunocompetent study participants, 16 were women and 24 were men; the mean (SD) age was 69.8 (10.9) years, resulting in a statistically significant difference from the SOTR group. The mean (SD) number of years that SOTRs were immunosuppressed was 14.6 (9.2) years (range, 2-37 years). The SOTR and immunocompetent groups were statistically comparable regarding race and sex, patient care, follow-up time, numbers of skin lesions, and field cancerization and chemopreventive therapies. The SOTR group had a significantly higher annual frequency of visits (mean [SD], 4 [2] vs 3 [2] office visits per patient per year,<i>P</i> = .02) and annual biopsy rates (mean [SD], 6 [4] vs 5 [3] biopsies per patient per year,<i>P</i> = .04). The SOTRs developed SCCs that did not appear to be significantly more aggressive than those found in the immunocompetent control group. These SOTRs also did not develop significantly thicker tumors than the immunocompetent control group (median [IQR] tumor depth, 1.30 [0.90-1.60] mm in 35 SOTRs vs 1.22 [1.10-1.60] mm in 20 immunocompetent patients). <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> The increased risk and the potential for aggressive behavior of SCCs in SOTRs may be successfully managed at a level comparable to that in high-risk immunocompetent individuals through close adherence to current dermatologic surveillance recommendations and a marginally lower threshold for biopsy of suspicious lesions for SOTRs.
Residual Convolutional Neural Network for the Determination of <i>IDH</i> Status in Low- and High-Grade Gliomas from MR Imaging
Authors: Ken Chang, Harrison X. Bai, Hao Zhou, Chang Su, Wenya Linda Bi, Ena Agbodza, Vasileios K. Kavouridis, Joeky T. Senders, Alessandro Boaro, Andrew Beers, Biqi Zhang, Alexandra Capellini, Weihua Liao, Qin Shen, Xuejun Li, Bo Xiao, Jane Cryan, Shakti Ramkissoon, Lori Ramkissoon, Keith Ligon, Patrick Y. Wen, Ranjit S. Bindra, John Woo, Omar Arnaout, Elizabeth R. Gerstner, Paul J. Zhang, Bruce R. Rosen, Li Yang, Raymond Y. Huang, Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2017)

Purpose: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations in glioma patients confer longer survival and may guide treatment decision making. We aimed to predict the IDH status of gliomas from MR imaging by applying a residual convolutional neural network to preoperative radiographic data.Experimental Design: Preoperative imaging was acquired for 201 patients from the Hospital of University of Pennsylvania (HUP), 157 patients from Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), and 138 patients from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) and divided into training, validation, and testing sets. We trained a residual convolutional neural network for each MR sequence (FLAIR, T2, T1 precontrast, and T1 postcontrast) and built a predictive model from the outputs. To increase the size of the training set and prevent overfitting, we augmented the training set images by introducing random rotations, translations, flips, shearing, and zooming.Results: With our neural network model, we achieved IDH prediction accuracies of 82.8% (AUC = 0.90), 83.0% (AUC = 0.93), and 85.7% (AUC = 0.94) within training, validation, and testing sets, respectively. When age at diagnosis was incorporated into the model, the training, validation, and testing accuracies increased to 87.3% (AUC = 0.93), 87.6% (AUC = 0.95), and 89.1% (AUC = 0.95), respectively.Conclusions: We developed a deep learning technique to noninvasively predict IDH genotype in grade II-IV glioma using conventional MR imaging using a multi-institutional data set. Clin Cancer Res; 24(5); 1073-81. ©2017 AACR.
Cardiovascular Manifestations of HIV Infection
Authors: Syed Wamique Yusuf
Journal: Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine (2001)

Dr Barbaro (August 2001, JRSM, pp. 384-390) briefly mentions selenium deficiency as a contributing factor in the development of cardiomyopathy in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Cardiomyopathy similar to Keshan disease has been well documented in HIV patients1 and those on total parenteral nutrition (TPN)2. TPN is deficient not only in selenium but also in other micronutrients including vitamin E3, and this may contribute to the development of cardiomyopathy. In animals, combined vitamin E and selenium deficiency can impair cardiac conduction4 and hence facilitate the development of disease.

Selenium is an essential component of glutathione peroxidase (GPX)5, and this enzyme together with catalase, superoxide dismutase, and vitamin E provides a line of defence against pro-oxidant molecules. In the absence of selenium, GPX is inactive and low GPX is found in HIV disease5. GPX activity increases after selenium supplementation5. Also the oxidative muscle damage produced by zidovudine treatment can be prevented with anti-oxidants6.

TPN is increasingly being used in HIV and other chronic illness. Adequate supplementation of selenium in TPN and in malnourished patients might protect against the development of cardiomyopathy in these patients. To date, there are no official guidelines regarding the use of selenium in TPN.
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Impairs Ventricular Diastolic Distensibility And Function Independent Of Underlying Type 2 Diabetes Or Hypertension
Authors: M Siddiqui, O Rider, I Abdesselam, R Collen, K Hildick, R E Cadrain, J L Steinberg, M O Idowu, M J Contos, S Neubauer, A J Sanyal
Journal: Hepatology (2017)