tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Ethnic Pattern of Diabetes and Prediabetes in China in 2013
Authors: Limin Wang, Pei Gao, Mei Zhang, Zhengjing Huang, Dudan Zhang, Qian Deng, Yichong Li, Zhenping Zhao, Xueying Qin, Danyao Jin, Maigeng Zhou, Xun Tang, Yonghua Hu, Linhong Wang
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Previous studies have shown increasing prevalence of diabetes in China, which now has the world's largest diabetes epidemic.To estimate the recent prevalence and to investigate the ethnic variation of diabetes and prediabetes in the Chinese adult population.A nationally representative cross-sectional survey in 2013 in mainland China, which consisted of 170 287 participants.Fasting plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels were measured for all participants. A 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test was conducted for all participants without diagnosed diabetes.Primary outcomes were total diabetes and prediabetes defined according to the 2010 American Diabetes Association criteria. Awareness and treatment were also evaluated. Hemoglobin A1c concentration of less than 7.0% among treated diabetes patients was considered adequate glycemic control. Minority ethnic groups in China with at least 1000 participants (Tibetan, Zhuang, Manchu, Uyghur, and Muslim) were compared with Han participants.Among the Chinese adult population, the estimated standardized prevalence of total diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes was 10.9% (95% CI, 10.4%-11.5%); that of diagnosed diabetes, 4.0% (95% CI, 3.6%-4.3%); and that of prediabetes, 35.7% (95% CI, 34.1%-37.4%). Among persons with diabetes, 36.5% (95% CI, 34.3%-38.6%) were aware of their diagnosis and 32.2% (95% CI, 30.1%-34.2%) were treated; 49.2% (95% CI, 46.9%-51.5%) of patients treated had adequate glycemic control. Tibetan and Muslim Chinese had significantly lower crude prevalence of diabetes than Han participants (14.7% [95% CI, 14.6%-14.9%] for Han, 4.3% [95% CI, 3.5%-5.0%] for Tibetan, and 10.6% [95% CI, 9.3%-11.9%] for Muslim; P < .001 for Tibetan and Muslim compared with Han). In the multivariable logistic models, the adjusted odds ratios compared with Han participants were 0.42 (95% CI, 0.35-0.50) for diabetes and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.71-0.84) for prediabetes for Tibetan Chinese and 0.73 (95% CI, 0.63-0.85) for diabetes and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.71-0.86) for prediabetes in Muslim Chinese.Among adults in China, the estimated overall prevalence of diabetes was 10.9%, and that for prediabetes was 35.7%. Differences from previous estimates for 2010 may be due to an alternate method of measuring hemoglobin A1c.
Abstract 366: Engineered Human Cardiac Tissue from Skeletal Muscle Derived Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Kimimasa Tobita, Jason S Tchao, Jong Kim, Bo Lin, Johnny Huard, Guy Salama, Lei Yang
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

We have previously shown that rat skeletal muscle derived stem cells differentiate into an immature cardiomyocyte (CM) phenotype within a 3-dimensional collagen gel engineered cardiac tissue (ECT). Here, we investigated whether human skeletal muscle derived progenitor cells (skMDCs) can differentiate into a CM phenotype within ECT similar to rat skeletal muscle stem cells and compared the human skMDC-ECT properties with ECT from human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSc) derived CMs. SkMDCs differentiated into a cardiac muscle phenotype within ECT and exhibited spontaneous beating activity as early as culture day 4 and maintained their activity for more than 2 weeks. SkMDC-ECTs stained positive for cardiac specific troponin-T and troponin-I, and were co-localized with fast skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain (sk-fMHC) with a striated muscle pattern similar to fetal myocardium. The iPS-CM-ECTs maintained spontaneous beating activity for more than 2 weeks from ECT construction. iPS-CM stained positive for both cardiac troponin-T and troponin-I, and were also co-localized with sk-fMHC while the striated expression pattern of sk-fMHC was lost similar to post-natal immature myocardium. Connexin-43 protein was expressed in both engineered tissue types, and the expression pattern was similar to immature myocardium. The skMDC-ECT significantly upregulated expression of cardiac-specific genes compared to conventional 2D culture. SkMDC-ECT displayed cardiac muscle like intracellular calcium ion transients. The contractile force measurements demonstrated functional properties of fetal type myocardium in both ECTs. Our results suggest that engineered human cardiac tissue from skeletal muscle progenitor cells mimics developing fetal myocardium while the engineered cardiac tissue from inducible pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes mimics post-natal immature myocardium.
Abstract 269: Sirt-6 Deficiency Impairs Wound Healing in Diabetic (db/db) Mice Through Enhancement of Nf-kb Dependent Transcriptional Activity
Authors: Rajarajan A Thandavarayan, Darukeshwara Joladarashi, Sahana Suresh Babu, Prince Jeyabal, Shashirekha Krishnamurthy, Venkata N Garikipati, Suresh K Verma, Raj Kishore, Prasanna Krishnamurthy
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Delayed wound healing is one of the major complications in diabetes and is characterized by chronic proinflammatory response, and abnormalities in angiogenesis and collagen deposition. Sirtuin family proteins regulate numerous physiological processes, including those involved in promotion of longevity, DNA repair, glycolysis and inflammation. However the role of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6), a NAD+-dependent nuclear deacetylase, in wound healing specifically under diabetic condition remains unclear. To analyze the role of SIRT6 in cutaneous wound healing, paired 6 mm stented wound were created in diabetic db/db mice and injected siRNA against SIRT6 in the wound margins (transfection agent alone and non-sensed siRNA served as controls). Wound time to closure was assessed by digital planimetry, and wounds were harvested for histology, immunohistochemistry and western blotting. SIRT6-siRNA treated diabetic wound showed impaired healing, which was associated with reduced capillary density when compared to control treatment. Interestingly, SIRT6 deficiency decreased VEGF expression in the wounds. Furthermore, SIRT6 ablation in diabetic wound promotes NF-kB activation resulting in increased expression of proinflammatory marker and oxidative stress. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that loss of SIRT6 in cutaneous wounds promotes proinflammatory response by increasing NF-kB activation, oxidative stress and decrease in angiogenesis in the diabetic mice. Based on these findings, we speculate that activation of SIRT6 signaling might be a potential approach for promoting wound healing in diabetics.
Geographical Distribution of Coeliac Disease in County Galway
Authors: R Martin, FM Stevens
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Methods: In the 1970's CD was diagnosed only in patients with clinical symptoms, the prevalence in Co Galway was 1 in 300. Genetic predisposition (positive HLA – DR3/DQ2) and the ingestion gluten are major factors in the development of CD. Lack of concordance for CD in identical twins suggests other environmental factors may play a role. The records of 855 coeliac patients attending the Coeliac Clinic in University College Hospital, Galway (UCHG) were studied; location of residence was identified and each case assigned to one of the 10 regions in the county. Prevalence rates were derived using the 1991 Census.
An unusual case of aphasia
Authors: Rebecca Mortimer, Emma Owens, David C Howlett
Journal: BMJ (2017)

A 93 year old man with a destructive scalp squamous cell carcinoma causing bony erosion into the calvarium was admitted with sudden onset aphasia. Neurological examination was otherwise unremarkable. A computed tomography (CT) scan was performed to investigate the cause of the aphasia (fig 1⇓). What finding is present on the cranial CT?



Fig 1  Cranial computed tomography scan



The cranial CT shows extensive pneumocephalus (intracranial air).

### Discussion

The patient had pneumocephalus due to a bony defect at the level of his scalp tumour. As shown in fig 1 …
2017 ACC/AAP/AHA Health Policy Statement on Opportunities and Challenges in Pediatric Drug Development: Learning From Sildenafil
Authors: Craig A. Sable, D. Dunbar Ivy, Robert H. Beekman, Helene D. Clayton-Jeter, Kathy J. Jenkins, William T. Mahle, William R. Morrow, Mary Dianne Murphy, Robert M. Nelson, Geoffrey L. Rosenthal, Norman Stockbridge, David L. Wessel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Endothelial dysfunction: what is the role of the microbiota?
Authors: Erwin G Zoetendal, Hauke Smidt
Journal: Gut (2017)

In this issue, Catry et al described a study in which inulin-type fructans (ITF) improved endothelial dysfunction in mice.1 They demonstrated that the supplementation of ITF reverses endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric and carotid arteries of apolipoprotein E ( apoE ) gene knockout mice that were fed an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-depleted diet. They further showed that improvement of endothelial dysfunction was accompanied with a change in microbiota composition and key gut peptides.

Endothelial dysfunction is a pathological state of the inner lining of the blood vessels which is characterised by a reduction in vasodilation in response to endothelial stimuli and considered an early key marker of cardiovascular disease.2 Impaired synthesis and release of nitric oxide (NO) by the endothelium is considered one of the important mechanisms associated with endothelial dysfunction.

A wide variety of risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease have been identified. These include general lifestyle factors such as the typical ‘Western diet’ and smoking, but also disorders, such as metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes as well as chronic inflammation. Increasing evidence indicates that the intestinal microbiota plays a key role in the latter risk factors for cardiovascular disease. A recent study demonstrated …
Societal responsibilities of clinical trial sponsors
Authors: S. Evans
Journal: BMJ (2001)

Education and debate p 603 

A large long term randomised trial is a substantial commitment by its sponsor, its principal scientific investigators, a complex international organisational structure, and the patients who agree to participate. For trials with commercial sponsorship, the company's business need—to demonstrate their treatment's advantage—should not conflict with society's need to enhance knowledge by conducting trials with unbiased designs and reporting results without statistical distortion. For both trial sponsors and investigators a tension exists between the “demonstrators” (I want to prove that …) and the “scientists” (I want to find out if …). The goal of regulatory guidelines,1 and indeed the best intention of sponsors, is to ensure that the scientific search for truth of public health relevance is what actually wins through. Another crucial ethical requirement is that no patient should be knowingly harmed by participating in a trial: hence any trial should stop as soon as the primary answer is clear. A paper in this week's BMJ (p 603)2 raises the issue of when else a trial might legitimately be stopped.

Most major trials have an independent data monitoring committee that periodically and confidentially inspects accumulating results for evidence of treatment benefit or harm sufficient to merit …
European Heart Systemic Coronary Risk Evaluation may underestimate cardiovascular risk after assessing cardiovascular disease with carotid ultrasound in hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: I. González, J.C. Pascual, D. Corona, P. Hispán, I. Betlloch
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2017)

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is chronic recurrent inflammatory disease affecting intertriginous areas, especially the axilla and the groin1. It is characterized by painful, deep-seated, inflamed lesions, including nodules, abscesses, and sinus tracts2. A recent meta-analysis found an association between HS and traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and metabolic syndrome3.

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Validation of the 8th Edition of the UICC/AJCC Staging System for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma From Endemic Areas in the Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy Era
Authors: Ling-Long Tang, Yu-Pei Chen, Yan-Ping Mao, Zi-Xian Wang, Rui Guo, Lei Chen, Li Tian, Ai-Hua Lin, Li Li, Ying Sun, Jun Ma
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2017)

Background: In this study, we evaluated the 8th edition of the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC)/AJCC staging system for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in an endemic area, with the aim of validating its applicability and providing further information for future refinements. Methods: A total of 1,790 patients with newly diagnosed, non-distant metastatic, histologically proven NPC treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) were retrospectively reviewed. The performance of various staging systems was compared using the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Harrell's concordance index (c-index). Results: For N (node) category, the survival curves of different groups according to the 8th edition were well-separated, and the prognostic model predicted outcomes fairly well. The 8th edition had higher AIC and c-index values for all end points than the 7th edition. However, probably due to the improved locoregional control provided by IMRT, the survival curves for T2 and T3 almost overlapped, without significant differences in locoregional failure-free survival (P=.606) and disease-free survival (P=.735). Due to the difficultly of differentiating T2 and T3, the AIC and c-index values were similar for the T categories of the 7th and 8th editions. Similarly, the overall survival and disease-free survival curves for stage II and III disease were not clearly separated for either the 8th or 7th editions. Conclusions: The 8th edition of the UICC/AJCC staging system for NPC enables more accurate prediction of treatment outcomes. However, several limitations need to be addressed in future editions, and it would be reasonable to further optimize the T category classification.
One in four adult social care services provides poor care, CQC finds
Authors: Anne Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Nearly a quarter of adult social care services provide care that is unsafe, a report by the Care Quality Commission has found.1

An overview of 33 000 inspections of more than 20 000 locations from 2014 to May 2017 looked at the five questions the commission asks of services: whether they are safe, effective, caring, responsive, and well led.

Of these, safety had the poorest ratings, as 23% of services were rated as requiring improvement and 2% were rated inadequate. Some 75% of services were rated as good for safety, but less than 0.5% were rated as outstanding. Examples of unsafe practice include …
Botulism in Italy, 1986 to 2015
Authors: Fabrizio Anniballi, Bruna Auricchio, Alfonsina Fiore, Davide Lonati, Carlo Alessandro Locatelli, Florigio Lista, Silvia Fillo, Giuseppina Mandarino, Dario De Medici
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2017)

Botulism is a rare but severe neuroparalytic disease caused by botulinum toxins. Because of its high potential impact on public health, botulism is a closely monitored communicable disease in Europe. In Italy, which has one of the highest incidence rates in Europe (0.03 cases per 100,000 population), botulism is monitored through a case-based passive surveillance system: the front-line physician who diagnoses a suspected case must notify the Local Health Units immediately, and the Ministry of Health's office within 12 hours. From 1986 to 2015, 466 confirmed cases of botulism were recorded in Italy (of 1,257 suspected cases). Of these, 421 were food-borne (the most frequently seen form of botulism due to the consumption of improperly home-canned foods), 36 were infant botulism, which accounts for ca 50% of all these types of cases registered in Europe, six were wound-related and three were due to adult intestinal colonisation. This scenario suggests that stronger efforts should be made towards raising public awareness of the risk of food-borne botulism, especially with respect to home-preserved foods, as well as improving the training of front-line medical personnel, to ensure that a quick and accurate diagnosis of botulism can be made.
Successful Treatment of Recurrent Primitive Myxoid Mesenchymal Tumor of Infancy With<i>BCOR</i>Internal Tandem Duplication
Authors: Stuart L. Cramer, Rong Li, Siraj Ali, Julie A. Bradley, Hee K. Kim, Joseph G. Pressey
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2017)

Primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumor of infancy (PMMTI) is a rare tumor with <20 cases reported to date. Recently PMMTI tumors have been found to harbor BCOR internal tandem duplication (ITD), the same genetic alteration detected in clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK). Complete surgical resection of PMMTI is often curative, but no standard of care has been established for unresectable tumors. We describe a female patient who presented at 13 months of age with a paraspinal mass and spinal cord compression. Histology was consistent with PMMTI, and the tumor was found to harbor BCOR ITD. The patient experienced disease recurrences after multiple surgical resections. After failing to respond to vincristine and actinomycin therapy, the patient demonstrated a nearly complete response to a doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy regimen. The patient's therapy was consolidated with proton beam radiotherapy, and she has remained in remission for >12 months after the conclusion of therapy. This case confirms BCOR ITD as a key finding in PMMTI. The therapeutic approach described here is similar to that used for CCSK and provides a model for the treatment of PMMTI not amenable to complete surgical resection.
Abstract 255: Hur/ppar-gamma Mediates Posttranscriptional Regulation of Hyperglycemia-induced Pro-inflammatory Response
Authors: Sahana Suresh Babu, Rajarajan A Thandavarayan, Darukeshwara Joladarashi, Prince Jeyabal, Shashirekha Krishnamurthy, Venkata N Garikipati, Suresh K Verma, Raj Kishore, Prasanna Krishnamurthy
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Metabolic disorders including diabetes and obesity are associated with persistent activation of the innate immune response, which leads to low-grade inflammation and increased cardiovascular risk. The RNA-binding protein HuR binds to and post-transcriptionally regulates inflammatory cytokines, mRNA stability and gene expression, although it’s exact role in the diabetic condition remains unclear. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) exposed to high glucose (HG, 25mM D-glucose) displayed elevated expression of HuR and reduced expression of nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) as compared to low glucose (LG, 5mM D-glucose)-treated cells. The increase in HuR expression was associated with an increase in the gene expression of various inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha, MCP-1, IL-1beta and IL-6. At the molecular level, macrophages activated with LPS showed enhancements in expression of inflammatory mRNAs and also promoted their stability. Conversely, knockdown of HuR induced post-transcriptional silencing, reduced the mRNA stability and expression of inflammatory cytokines. Macrophages treated with selective antagonists of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), GW9662 displayed increases in HuR expression and of various inflammatory cytokines. In an in vivo model of myocardial infarction, mice receiving intramyocardial injection of HuR-specific shRNA displayed a reduced inflammatory cytokine profile in the myocardium as compared to control shRNA treated mice. Taken together, these data highlight the role of HuR as a homeostatic coordinator of cytokine mRNA that regulates innate inflammatory effects and demonstrates the potential of modulating the effects of HuR for clinical benefit against pathologic inflammation in diabetes/obesity.
Walking for Transportation or Leisure Among U.S. Women and Men — National Health Interview Survey, 2005–2015
Authors: Emily N. Ussery, Susan A. Carlson, Geoffrey P. Whitfield, Kathleen B. Watson, David Berrigan, Janet E. Fulton
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

Physical activity confers considerable health benefits, but only half of U.S. adults report participating in levels of aerobic physical activity consistent with guidelines (1,2). Step It Up! The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Promote Walking and Walkable Communities identified walking as an important public health strategy to increase physical activity levels (3). A previous report showed that the self-reported prevalence of walking for transportation or leisure increased by 6 percentage points from 2005 to 2010 (4), but it is unknown whether this increase has been sustained. CDC analyzed National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data from 2005 (26,551 respondents), 2010 (23,313), and 2015 (28,877) to evaluate trends in the age-adjusted prevalence of self-reported walking among adults aged ≥18 years. The prevalence of walking increased steadily among women, from 57.3% in 2005, to 62.5% in 2010, and to 65.1% in 2015 (significant linear trend). Among men, a significant linear increase in reported walking was observed, from 54.3% in 2005, to 61.8% in 2010, and to 62.8% in 2015, although the increase stalled between 2010 and 2015 (significant linear and quadratic trends). Community design policies and practices that encourage pedestrian activity and programs tailored to the needs of specific population subgroups remain important strategies for promoting walking (3).
Vitamin D supplementation in primary allergy prevention: Systematic review of randomized and non‐randomized studies
Authors: J. J. Yepes‐Nuñez, J. L. Brożek, A. Fiocchi, R. Pawankar, C. Cuello‐García, Y. Zhang, G. P. Morgano, Arnav Agarwal, S. Gandhi, L. Terracciano, H. J. Schünemann
Journal: Allergy (2017)

To date, a systematic review of the evidence regarding the association between vitamin D and allergic diseases development has not yet been undertaken.To review the efficacy and safety of vitamin D supplementation when compared to no supplementation in pregnant women, breastfeeding women, infants, and children for the prevention of allergies.Three databases were searched through January 30, 2016, including randomized (RCT) and nonrandomized studies (NRS). Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the certainty in the body of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.Among the 1932 articles identified, one RCT and four NRS were eligible. Very low certainty in the body of evidence across examined studies suggests that vitamin D supplementation for pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and infants may not decrease the risk of developing allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis (in pregnant women), allergic rhinitis (in pregnant women and infants), asthma and/or wheezing (in pregnant women, breastfeeding women, and infants), or food allergies (in pregnant women). We found no studies of primary prevention of allergic diseases in children.Limited information is available addressing primary prevention of allergic diseases after vitamin D supplementation, and its potential impact remains uncertain.
A retrospective cohort study evaluating the safety and efficacy of regorafenib in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer [HGCSG1401]: Analysis of tumor location
Authors: Satoshi Yuki, Yoshito Komatsu, Tetsuhito Muranaka, Yasushi Tsuji, Kazuaki Harada, Yumiko Ota, Kazuteru Hatanaka, Hiroyuki Okuda, Takahide Sasaki, Masayoshi Dazai, Jun Konno, Michio Nakamura, Tomoyuki Ohta, Takuya Honda, Atsushi Ishiguro, Osamu Muto, Sosuke Kato, Atsushi Sato, Masakazu Abe, Kazunori Eto, Naoya Sakamoto, Yuh Sakata
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
A Multicenter Prospective Phase II Study of Antithrombin-III Based Treatment for Veno-Occlusive Disease after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Che Ry Hong, Ji Won Lee, Hyeon-Seok Eom, Keon Hee Yoo, Jong Wook Lee, Ho Joon Im, Hee Young Shin, Hyoung Jin Kang
Journal: Blood (2016)