tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
European states agree to fund six year public health programme and tackle underage drinking
Authors: Rory Watson
Journal: BMJ (2001)

European Union governments have agreed to allocate 280m euros (£172.7m; $241.7m) to help fund a new six year public health programme for their 15 member states.

The new strategy will concentrate on three main strands, leaving the organisation and delivery of health services and medical care in the hands of national authorities.

The priorities of the programme are establishing a comprehensive data system on the major determinants of health, such as the consumption of alcohol and tobacco; ensuring that the union is able to handle international health threats, such as infectious diseases; and identifying the most effective policies for combating disease and promoting health.


The EU health ministers also took a first collective step towards tackling alcohol consumption by children and adolescents. They gave their political support to moves to establish effective mechanisms to control the promotion, marketing, and sales of alcoholic drinks. These mechanisms are designed to ensure that manufacturers do not target children and adolescents, to establish effective complaint producers, and to provide specific advice on underage drinking to those who serve and sell alcoholic drinks.
Thymic progenitors of TCRαβ+ CD8αα intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes require RasGRP1 for development
Authors: Dominic P. Golec, Romy E. Hoeppli, Laura M. Henao Caviedes, Jillian McCann, Megan K. Levings, Troy A. Baldwin
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2017)

Strong T cell receptor (TCR) signaling largely induces cell death during thymocyte development, whereas weak TCR signals induce positive selection. However, some T cell lineages require strong TCR signals for differentiation through a process termed agonist selection. The signaling relationships that underlie these three fates are unknown. RasGRP1 is a Ras activator required to transmit weak TCR signals leading to positive selection. Here, we report that, despite being dispensable for thymocyte clonal deletion, RasGRP1 is critical for agonist selection of TCRαβ+CD8αα intraepithelial lymphocyte (IEL) progenitors (IELps), even though both outcomes require strong TCR signaling. Bim deficiency rescued IELp development in RasGRP1−/− mice, suggesting that RasGRP1 functions to promote survival during IELp generation. Additionally, expression of CD122 and the adhesion molecules α4β7 and CD103 define distinct IELp subsets with differing abilities to generate TCRαβ+CD8αα IEL in vivo. These findings demonstrate that RasGRP1-dependent signaling underpins thymic selection processes induced by both weak and strong TCR signals and is differentially required for fate decisions derived from a strong TCR stimulus.
Hexamethylene bisacetamide in myelodysplastic syndrome and acute myelogenous leukemia: a phase II clinical trial with a differentiation- inducing agent
Authors: M Andreeff, R Stone, J Michaeli, CW Young, WP Tong, H Sogoloff, T Ervin, D Kufe, RA Rifkind, PA Marks
Journal: Blood (1992)
Utilisation de la prothèse biliaire “double layer“ dans les sténoses cholédociennes
Authors: H Lamouliatte, L Message
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Les prothèses biliaires plastiques sont un traitement palliatif reconnu des sténoses cholédociennes. Cependant, la récidive de l'obstruction biliaire est fréquente imposant un changement régulier de la prothèse, tous les 2 à 6 mois. Les prothèses biliaires métalliques fonctionnent souvent plus longtemps mais elles sont plus chères et leur taux de complications n'est pas négligeable. Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer un nouveau type de prothèse plastique multi-couche, la prothèse “double layer“.
PD-L1 expression in patients with metastatic gastric cancer in South Korea.
Authors: Hyo Song Kim, Ting Wu, Hyunki Kim, Hyun Cheol Chung, Jaffer A. Ajani, Geoffrey Yuyat Ku, David Paul Kelsen, Xingshu Zhu, Mary J. Savage, Minori Koshiji, Sun Young Rha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

1571 Background: Data are limited and conflicting regarding programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression as prognostic of clinical outcomes in patients (pts) with metastatic gastric cancer (mGC) treated with standard of care (SOC). Factors affecting the association between PD-L1 expression and outcomes include type of assay and antibody, scoring system for PD-L1 expression, and method of tissue collection. We analyzed the association between tumor PD-L1 expression and clinical parameters in Korean pts with inoperable mGC. Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 201 pts with inoperable mGC from Yonsei Cancer Center in Seoul, South Korea. Biopsy samples were collected at diagnosis. Tumor PD-L1 expression was measured by IHC using the 22C3 PD-L1 antibody pharmDx kit (Dako North America, Carpinteria, CA, USA). PD-L1 positivity was defined as a combined positive score (CPS) of ≥1%, where CPS is PD-L1 + cells (tumor cells, macrophages, lymphocytes) over the total number of tumor cells, expressed as a percentage. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods, log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for age, sex, and ECOG performance status. Results: A total of 189/201 (94%) pts received chemotherapy as SOC and were included in this analysis. Median age was 56 years (range, 21-82), 37% of pts were women, and 28% had a BMI ≥24. All pts had stage IV metastatic disease and 27%, 49%, and 24% had well to moderately differentiated, poorly differentiated, and signet ring cell tumors, respectively. Prevalence of PD-L1 positivity was 72.5%. PD-L1 positivity was not associated with age, BMI, or histologic grade. Median overall survival (OS) for the PD-L1 + and PD-L1 – groups was 10.9 and 10.2 months, respectively ( P= 0.92). The hazard ratio for the PD-L1 + vs the PD-L1 – group was 1.02 (95% CI, 0.74-1.39) before adjusting for age, sex, and ECOG performance status and 1.08 (95% CI, 0.77-1.51) after adjusting. Conclusions: Based on this preliminary assay and cutoff, results suggest that PD-L1 expression is not a prognostic factor for mGC. Additional biomarker analyses (eg, immune gene expression profile and microsatellite instability) are planned.
Abstract 9215: Flavonoids Baicalein Mitigates Post-Resuscitation Myocardial Dysfunction and Improves Survival via PI3K-Akt-eNOS Pathway
Authors: Wei-Tien Chang, Chun-Pei Lee, Chiang-Ting Chien, Zuo-Hui Shao, Chien-Hua Huang, Chiung-Yuan Hsu, Min-Shan Tsai, Hsiao-Ju Cheng, Shyr-Chyr Chen, Yuan-Teh Lee, Terry L Vanden Hoek, Wen-Jone Chen
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: Post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction is a model of global ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury that is associated with poor prognosis. Flavonoids baicalein has been shown to reduce myocardial IR injury. We therefore investigated the role of baicalein in mitigating post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction and the potential protective mechanisms. Methods: Using an established rat model of asphyxia cardiac arrest and CPR, we administered baicalein (20 mg/kg) 2 h before cardiac arrest and compared the left ventricular (LV) function with those of standard CPR control. The arterial blood was sampled for measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) using chemiluminescence method. The LV systolic and diastolic functions were assessed by dP/dt max and -dP/dt max. Two hours after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), the heart was harvested for measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), phosphorylation of Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). In a subgroup with minimal invasive procedures, the survival and neurological outcomes were monitored up to 3 days. Results: In standard CPR group, the systemic ROS generation and myocardial MDA were increased in the post-resuscitation phase. The dP/dt max and -dP/dt max were significantly compromised. Treatment of baicalein reduced systemic ROS and myocardial MDA (both P &lt;0.001), and improved post-CPR dP/dt max and -dP/dt max ( P &lt;0.05 and 0.01, respectively). The survival and neurological outcomes were also ameliorated (Logrank P &lt; 0.001 and P &lt; 0.01, respectively). In terms of the protective mechanism, the phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and eNOS (p-eNOS) of the heart 2 h post-CPR were both increased in baicalein group. If NOS inhibitor N ω -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (10 mg/kg) was cotreated with baicalein, the improved dP/dt max and -dP/dt max were diminished. The survival and neurological outcomes also became worse. If phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin (15 μ g/kg) was cotreated, the increased p-Akt and p-eNOS were reversed. The improvements in LV function and survival/neurological outcomes were also abrogated. Conclusion: Baicalein improves post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction and prognosis through antioxidant protection and PI3K-Akt-eNOS signaling.
Insights from response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy in a rare myeloproliferative neoplasm with CALR mutation and BCR-ABL1
Authors: Sanam Loghavi, Naveen Pemmaraju, Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna, Meenakshi Mehrotra, L. Jeffrey Medeiros, Raja Luthra, Pei Lin, Yang Huh, Hagop M. Kantarjian, Jorge E. Cortes, Srdan Verstovsek, Keyur P. Patel
Journal: Blood (2015)
LUNG REGIONAL STRESS/STRAIN RELATION IN MECHANICALLY VENTILATED PATIENTS
Authors: G. Perchiazzi, A. Stabile Ianora, S. Derosa, N. D'Onghia, M. Pellegrini, L. Pitagora, D. Polieri, G. Hedenstierna, R. Giuliani
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2010)
Assessment of PD-L1 expression and tumor associated immune cells in pediatric cancer tissues.
Authors: Robbie G. Majzner, Daniel Martinez, Bruce Pawel, Mariarita Santi, Poul Sorensen, Crystal Mackall, John M. Maris
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

11542 Background: PD-1 signaling in the tumor microenvironment dampens immune responses to cancer and blocking this axis induces anti-tumor effects in several malignancies. Expression of PD-L1 has been associated with poorer outcomes in certain cancers and may predict response to anti-PD-1 agents. Clinical studies of PD-1 blockade are only now being initiated in pediatric patients and little is known regarding PD-L1 expression in common childhood cancers. We characterized PD-L1 expression and Tumor Associated Immune Cells (TAIC, lymphocytes and macrophages) in common pediatric cancers. Methods: Whole slide sections (N = 91) and tissue microarrays (N = 529 cores) were evaluated by IHC for PD-L1 expression and for the presence of TAIC. A subset of 60 tumors was further assessed by multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD45RO, PD-1, and FoxP3 expression. Results: Nine percent (39/451) of evaluable tumors expressed PD-L1 in at least 1% of tumor cells. Highest frequency histotypes were Burkitts lymphoma (80%, 8/10), glioblastoma multiforme (36%, 5/14), and neuroblastoma (14%, 17/118). PD-L1 staining was associated with inferior survival among neuroblastoma patients (p = 0.0025), including those with high-risk disease (p = 0.0027). Seventy-four percent of tumors contained lymphocytes and/or macrophages. Macrophages were frequently found to be PD-L1 positive (65%) and were significantly more likely to be found in PD-L1 positive than negative tumors (p < 0.001). By multiplex IHC, infiltration of CD8+ T cells was seen in 77% of 60 evaluable samples. Fox-P3 and PD-1 were expressed in 42% and 47% of the samples, respectively. Conclusions: A subset of diagnostic pediatric cancers show PD-L1 expression, while a much larger fraction demonstrate infiltration with tumor associated lymphocytes and macrophages. PD-L1 expression may be a biomarker for poor outcome in high-risk neuroblastoma. Macrophages are present in a subset of tumors and may play an immune modulatory role. Further preclinical and clinical investigation will define the predictive nature of PD-L1 expression in childhood cancers both at diagnosis and after exposure to chemoradiotherapy.
Clinician knowledge and practice habits when evaluating sports related concussion in the emergency department
Authors: Martin Duignan, Niall O’Connor, Eleanor Tillett, Courtney Kipps
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Objective To investigate emergency department (ED) clinicians’ knowledge and practice habits when evaluating and treating concussions in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) Design An 84-item anonymous questionnaire Setting Emergency Departments and Minor Injury Units in the ROI Participants The survey was distributed by email to the national cohort of Registered Advanced Nurse Practitioners (RANP; n-84), and Emergency Medicine Consultants (n=86), working in EDs in the ROI Main results 101 Surveys were completed (43 RANP, 43 NCHD, 15 EM Consultants). 60% of all respondents rated themselves as very confident in identifying the signs and symptoms of concussion. Only 40% had heard of or were mildly familiar with the SCAT3 concussion assessment tool. 15% believed MRI and/or CT would demonstrate damage following a concussion. 60% felt that they were very confident giving discharge advice and return to play (RTP) instructions following concussion although half of all respondents advise waking the patient up several times over the first 24hours. Only 37% believe that adolescent players (&lt;18 yrs) take longer to recover from concussion than adults. 70% of all respondents believe appropriate headgear can help prevent concussion. Conclusions Current guidelines regarding assessment tools have not reached the majority of ED clinicians. Additionally, knowledge gaps exist regarding concussion symptom identification and management, and further education is warranted. Competing interests None.
Resuming warfarin after intracranial hemorrhage in patients with AF was linked to reduced mortality
Authors: Paul Kruger, John Eikelboom
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2017)

Source Citation Nielsen PB, Larsen TB, Skjoth F, Lip GY. Outcomes associated with resuming warfarin treatment after hemorrhagic stroke or traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation. JAMA Intern Med. 2017;177:563-70. 28241151
Review: Lung ultrasonography had varied sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing pneumonia in adults
Authors: Peter E. Wu, Andrew M. Morris
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2017)

Source Citation Llamas-Álvarez AM, Tenza-Lozano EM, Latour-Pérez J. Accuracy of lung ultrasonography in the diagnosis of pneumonia in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis. Chest. 2017;151:374-82. 27818332
Effect of chemotherapy on survival in T1c – T2N0M0 medullary breast cancer: 3,976 cases from the National Cancer Data Base.
Authors: Alina M. Mateo, Todd A Pezzi, Christopher M Pezzi, Mark Sundermeyer, Cynthia A Kelley, V. Suzanne Klimberg
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

1022 Background: Medullary breast cancer (MBC) is a rare tumor associated with a better prognosis. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy has not been extensively studied. Methods: Female patients with invasive MBC (International Classification of Disease for Oncology, 3rdedition, codes 8510/3 and 8513/3) reported to the National Cancer Data base from 2004-2013 were retrieved. Overall survival (OS) by patient characteristics, tumor characteristics and treatment was studied using the Kaplan-Meier method and cox proportional hazard model. Patients with node-negative (N0), non-metastatic (M0), tumors between 10 mm and 50 mm in size (T1b, T1c, and T2), treated with and without chemotherapy, were analyzed with propensity score matching. Results: Of 3,976 patients with MBC, 93.0% presented with AJCC Stage 1 or 2 disease. Those with T1bN0M0 (n = 327), T1cN0M0 (n = 1,183), and T2N0M0 (n = 1,300) treated with and without chemotherapy accounted for 2,810 (71%) of all patients. On multivariate analysis of all MBC patients, age > 65 years (HR: 2.98, CI: 2.32-3.84), one or more comorbidities (HR: 1.76, CI: 1.33-2.33), tumor size > 2cm (HR: 1.79, CI: 1.40-2.29), positive lymph nodes (HR: 2.30, CI: 1.79-2.96), presence of distant metastasis (HR: 9.01, CI: 4.99-16.3), receiving chemotherapy (HR: 0.40, CI: 0.31-0.52) or receiving radiation therapy (HR: 0.70, CI: 0.52-0.94) were all significant predictors of OS. Using the Kaplan-Meier method, the subgroup of T1bN0M0 patients who received chemotherapy did not show improved OS (p-value = 0.49) compared to those who did not receive chemotherapy. Both the T1cN0M0 and T2N0M0 groups had significantly improved OS if they received chemotherapy (p-value < 0.0005). T1c – T2N0M0 patients were then matched by propensity score based on age, presence of 1 or more comorbidities, tumor size, and treatment modalities employed. After matching, the group that received chemotherapy showed significantly improved OS (HR: 0.40, CI: 0.26 – 0.62; p-value < 0.0005; with 5 and 10 year OS: 95% and 89%) compared with the group that did not receive chemotherapy (5 and 10 year OS: 88% and 67%). Conclusions: In patients with T1c – T2N0M0 MBC, receiving chemotherapy significantly improves OS.
Health-related quality of life in patients with recurrent glioma treated with bevacizumab plus daily temozolomide as the salvage therapy.
Authors: Yong Liu, Liang Wang
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e13541 Background: The therapeutic methods of recurrent glioma are limited. Most studies evaluating treatment effect for brain tumor mainly focused on overall survival and progression-free survival. It is increasingly recognized that the health related quality of life (HRQL) is of great value in clinical practice when choices of treatment for recurrent glioma have to be made. We retrospectively analyzed the HRQL and treatment response of patients with recurrent glioma treated by bevacizumab (BEV) plus daily temozolomide (TMZ). Methods: Twenty patients with recurrent glioma were treated with BEV (5-10mg/kg, i.v. every 2 weeks) plus daily TMZ (daily, 50 mg/m2). The treatment response was evaluated via the RANO criteria. HRQL was measured using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire core 30 (QLQ-C30) and Brain Module (QLQ-BN20). HRQL was assessed at the baseline (before salvage therapy) and after every two cycles of BEV. Results: Twenty patients totally received 85 cycles of BEV with the median number of 4 cycles (range: 2-10). There was no patient with complete response (CR), 12 patients with partial response (PR), 5 patients with stable disease (SD), and 3 patients with progressive disease (PD). Objective response rate (CR+PR) was 60.0%. The clinical benefit rate (CR+PR+SD) was 85.0%. In the functioning domains of QLQ-C30, physical functioning, cognitive functioning and emotional functioning were significantly improved after the second cycle of BEV compared to baseline. In the symptom scales, the scores of pain and nausea/vomiting were significantly decreased. Score of global health status was significantly increased. In the QLQ-BN20, motor dysfunction, weakness of legs, headache, and drowsiness after the second cycle of BEV were also significantly improved. Conclusions: BEV plus daily TMZ could improve HRQL in patients with recurrent glioma. BEV plus daily TMZ as the salvage therapy is an effective treatment for recurrent glioma.
Administration d'oméprazole par voie intraveineuse à fortes doses à la seringue électrique (IVSE) dans l'ulcère gastroduodénal hémorragique: mythe ou réalité?
Authors: M Rudler, D Thabut, J Massard, B Bernard, T Poynard
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

L'administration d'oméprazole (OME) IVSE à fortes doses en cas d'ulcère gastroduodénal avec saignement actif ou vaisseau visible diminue la récidive hémorragique (RH) par rapport au placebo. Aucune étude n'a démontré la supériorité de cette prise en charge par rapport à un traitement par OME à doses standard. Le but de cette étude rétrospective monocentrique était de comparer la mortalité, la récidive hémorragique et le recours à la chirurgie chez les patients ayant un ulcère gastroduodénal hémorragique traités par OME IVSE ou à doses standard.
Abstract 170: Inflammation Imaging in the Primate Heart Using 111In-Labeled Anti-Tenascin-C Antibody
Authors: Michiaki Hiroe, Naohide Ageyama, Yasuhiro Yasutomi, Hiroyuki Kurosawa, Ousuke Fujimoto, Yasushi Arano, Kyoko Imanaka-Yoshida
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Myocardial inflammation after myocardial infarction and myocarditis may cause cardiac remodeling, leading to congestive heart failure and arrhythmias. Tenascin-C (TNC), an extracellular matrix glycoprotein, is not normally expressed but specifically expressed associated with active inflammation. The aim of this study was to explore the myocardial expression of TNC after myocardial infarction in  Macaca fascicularis  (crab-eating monkey) using  111 In-labeled anti-TNC antibody ( 111 In-TNC-Fab’). The left coronary artery was permanently ligated in two monkies and 4 days later, we performed dual-isotope single-photon emission computed tomography imaging (SPECT) of  111 In-TNC-Fab’ and  99m Tc methoxy- isobutyl isonitrile (MIBI), and compared with those of an age-matched control. Then, dual autoradiography was compared with histology and immunostaining for TNC of the heart. Dual-isotope SPECT demonstrated the regional myocardial uptake of  111 In-TNC-Fab’ in the areas of decreased uptake of MIBI. On autoradiography, the radioactivities were observed in the border zone between the infarcted and the noninfarcted area of MI hearts. The hot spots corresponded with the positively immunostained areas. In contrast, no radioactivites of  111 In-TNC-Fab’ were detected in the control. These data clearly indicated that, using 111 In-TNC-Fab’, we can visualize the inflammatory lesions followed by myocardial infarction of the primate.
Interêt d'un vidéo-endoscope de très petit diamètre avec simple béquillage pour la gastroscopie par voie nasale: une étude prospective comparative randomisée
Authors: J Dumortier, C Josso, B Prost, S Roman, M Lot, F Petit-Laurent, F Fumex, V Lépilliez, O Guillaud, MG Lapalus, T Ponchon
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Avec un endoscope de petit diamètre, la gastroscopie peut être réalisée par voie nasale chez l'adulte, ce qui en améliore la tolérance (1, 2). Le but de cette étude était d'évaluer l'intérêt d'un nouveau vidéo-endoscope de très petit diamètre avec simple béquillage, pour la faisabilité, l'efficacité et la tolérance de la gastroscopie par voie nasale.