tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1212: Urinary bladder cancer in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria: A 10-year histopathological review
Authors: Saddiku Malami Sahabi, Kabiru Abdullahi
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Background: Urinary Bladder Cancer is a common disease worldwide. It ranks ninth in cancer incidence and is the 13th leading cause of cancer death among men and women worldwide. The highest incidence is seen usually in developed countries. In our environment, it is the leading cause of cancer and cancer deaths among males because of endemicity of urinary schistosomiasis. Yet, little is done to curb this preventable risk factor of bladder cancer. Objective: The objectives of this study were to describe histopathological pattern of urinary bladder cancer in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria. Method: This was a retrospective study of all histologically confirmed cases of bladder cancer seen at the Department of Histopathology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto between the years 2006 and 2015. Information was obtained from the database of the Department of Histopathology. The data were validated using Microsoft Excel and exported to SPSS for analysis. The data were analysed for age, sex and histological types using SPSS version 20 software. The results are presented in the form of simple frequency tables and percentages. Results: A total of 190 patients were seen with histologically confirmed bladder cancer out of the 3933 patients with malignancies between the years 2006 and 2015, constituting 4.8% of all malignancies diagnosed in the same period and comprises 160(84.2%) males and 30(15.8%) females with male to female ratio of 5.3:1. Their mean age was 50.8, SD ±14.9 years and range from 1-90 years. The most common bladder cancer was squamous cell carcinoma with 97 (51.1%) cases. 81 (42.6%) patients had urothelial carcinoma, 5(2.6%) were metastatic carcinoma, 4(2.1%) were sarcomatoid carcinoma, 2(1.1%) were rhabdomyosarcoma and only 1(0.5%) case of a signet ring cell carcinoma was recorded. Conclusion: Squamous cell carcinoma remained the most common histological type of bladder cancer in our setting followed by urothelial carcinoma. Preventive measures aim at eradicating urinary schistosomiasis, a predominant and known risk factor of bladder cancer in our environment will go a long way in curtailing the burden of this disease among our people. Citation Format: Saddiku Malami Sahabi, Kabiru Abdullahi. Urinary bladder cancer in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria: A 10-year histopathological review [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1212.
Multiple Growth Factors Modulate mRNA Expression of Angiotensin II Type-2 Receptor in R3T3 Cells
Authors: ToshihiroIchiki, YoshikazuKambayashi, TadashiInagami
Journal: Circulation Research (1995)

Abstract Previous studies showed that angiotensin II type-2 receptor (AT2) sites were increased when R3T3 cells were growth arrested and decreased when they were stimulated with fibroblast growth factor or serum. We examined the effects of several other growth factors on the expression of AT2 mRNA to clarify the relation between the AT2 receptor and growth factors. R3T3 cells were cultured in the medium containing 10% FCS until they were confluent, and then serum was removed. AT2 mRNA was increased after serum was depleted, and the expression level reached a plateau after 2 days of serum depletion. The presence of serum (10%), fibroblast growth factor (10 ng/mL), or lysophosphatidic acid (1 μmol/L) reduced the AT2 mRNA expression. Phorbol ester (1 to 100 nmol/L) also suppressed the AT2 mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. Interleukin-1β (1 ng/mL) enhanced the AT2 mRNA expression 1.6-fold and the AT2 receptor number 1.4-fold. Insulin (100 nmol/L) enhanced AT2 mRNA expression 1.4-fold and the AT2 rec...
Transcriptional Stimulation of the eNOS Gene by the Stable Prostacyclin Analogue Beraprost Is Mediated Through cAMP-Responsive Element in Vascular Endothelial Cells
Authors: KazuoNiwano, MasashiArai, KoichiTomaru, TsuyoshiUchiyama, YoshioOhyama, MasahikoKurabayashi
Journal: Circulation Research (2003)

Beraprost sodium (BPS), an orally active prostacyclin analogue, has been reported to be beneficial in the treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension and obstructive peripheral arterial disease. Although BPS was originally described for its effects on platelet aggregation and vasodilatory response, the effect on endothelial cells has been poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of BPS on the eNOS gene expression in mouse aorta and cultured human and bovine aortic endothelial cells. Treatment of these cells with BPS increased the eNOS expression as assessed by Northern blots, Western blots, and NO production by NO-specific fluorescence (DAF2-DA) and by the Griess method. Standard mRNA decay assays showed that BPS increases the stability of eNOS mRNA. In addition, BPS increased the promoter activity of the human eNOS gene, as determined by luciferase assays of the eNOS promoter gene. Progressive 5′-deletion and site-specific mutation analyses defined the BPS-responsive sequences as cAMP-re...
Abstract 2933: Synergistic antitumor effect of ONC201 in combination with radiation therapy
Authors: Lanlan Zhou, Jessica Wagner, Wafik S. El-Deiry
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Radiation therapy is used as the main treatment when surgery is not feasible, before/after surgery, and to palliate symptoms in advanced stage. About 50% of cancer patients receive radiation therapy. 40% of the cure is achieved by radiation therapy. First-in-class small-molecule imipridone ONC201 can cause dual inactivation of ERK and AKT and induce an integrated stress response, proapoptotic TRAIL receptor DR5 activation, cancer stem cell depletion, and cell cycle arrest. ONC201 could synergize with radiation therapy because of its proapoptotic and antimetastasis effects. We tested this hypothesis in colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and glioblastoma cell lines (HCT116, RKO, LS513, H460, A549 and SNB19). Firstly, CellTiter-Glo® luminescent cell viability assays were performed with single treatment or combination of radiation therapy (0 to 4 Gy) and ONC201 (0 to 20 μM). For combination treatment, cancer cells were pretreated with ONC201 for 24 hours followed by radiation therapy. Next, colony formation assays with single treatment or combination were used to evaluate the effective dose range from cell viability assays. Flow cytometry and Western blot analysis were used for determination of apoptosis. We observed synergism between ONC201 and radiation therapy in several colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and glioblastoma cell lines. Combination indices are 0.53, 0.59 and 0.68 when non-small cell lung cancer cell line H460 was treated with ONC201 at 5 μM and radiation therapy at 1, 2 and 4 Gy. We are currently pursuing this promising combinational therapy in vivo, using the H460 xenograft model and potential syngeneic lung tumor models with wild-type p53. We plan to pursue the mechanism of this combination from in vivo samples. Our results indicate that the combination of radiation therapy and ONC201 could be an important approach in the application of ONC201 in clinical practice. Citation Format: Lanlan Zhou, Jessica Wagner, Wafik S. El-Deiry. Synergistic antitumor effect of ONC201 in combination with radiation therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2933.
Abstract 4204: Structure-activity relationship of diphenylamine derivatives to target epithelial to mesenchymal transition in triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Akshita B. Bhatt, Thomas D. Wright, Katie Anna, Mohit Gupta, Patrick Flaherty, Van Hoang, Matthew Burow, Jane E. Cavanaugh
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the loss of hormone receptors and high invasive potential. TNBC cells express high levels of the mesenchymal markers vimentin, fibronectin, N-cadherin, and cadherin11, which are involved in cell invasion and metastasis, and low levels of the epithelial markers E-cadherin, occludins and cytokeratins, which are involved in cellular contact and stability of the cell membrane. Mitogen activated protein kinases, including ERK5 and ERK1/2 are important pro-survival proteins and are known to be upregulated in most cancers. Of these pathways, the MEK5-ERK5 pathway is understudied in triple negative breast cancer, and there are few research tools available to selectively inhibit this pathway. The diphenylamine moiety was derived from the parent molecule Trametinib, a FDA approved MEK1/2 inhibitor for melanoma. Structural modifications were made on the lead molecule to gain selectivity towards MEK. SC-1-151, one of the compounds from this diphenylamine series was identified as a dual MEK1/2 (98.6% inhibition) and MEK5 (59% inhibition) inhibitor. Additionally, we have shown that SC-1-151 attenuates tumor growth in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) xenograft mice and causes a mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) in MDA-MB-231 TNBC cells. The goal of this research is to determine the structural features of diphenylamines that are responsible for MET. E-cadherin and cadherin-11 protein expression and cell morphology were examined to study MET after the treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with different structural analogs of SC-1-151 for 5 days. Alkyl or N-Methyl piperazine substituents on the amide of ring 1 produced similar result as SC-1-151, and substituting the amide group with acid or ester also induced MET. In contrast, ortho-fluoro, para-iodo functional groups of the arene ring 2, when replaced with a meta-bromo substituent did not induce MET. Therefore, our data suggest the necessary functional groups for inducing MET include the hydrogen atom on the amine linkage, and the iodine atom on the arene ring 2. Future studies will be performed to determine the specific protein interactions of the promising compounds. Citation Format: Akshita B. Bhatt, Thomas D. Wright, Katie Anna, Mohit Gupta, Patrick Flaherty, Van Hoang, Matthew Burow, Jane E. Cavanaugh. Structure-activity relationship of diphenylamine derivatives to target epithelial to mesenchymal transition in triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4204.
Upregulation of Heat Shock Transcription Factor 1 Plays a Critical Role in Adaptive Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: MasayaSakamoto, TohruMinamino, HaruhiroToko, YosukeKayama, YunzengZou, MasanoriSano, EiichiTakaki, TeruhikoAoyagi, KatsuyoshiTojo, NaokoTajima, AkiraNakai, HiroyukiAburatani, IsseiKomuro
Journal: Circulation Research (2006)

Exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy has been reported to have better prognosis than pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiac hypertrophy induced by exercise was associated with less cardiac fibrosis and better systolic function, suggesting that the adaptive mechanisms may exist in exercise-induced hypertrophy. Here, we showed a critical role of heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), an important transcription factor for heat shock proteins, in the adaptive mechanism of cardiac hypertrophy. We examined expression of 8800 genes in the heart of exercise-induced hypertrophy model using DNA chip technique and compared with pressure overload-induced hypertrophy. Expression of HSF1 and its target molecule heat shock proteins was significantly upregulated in the heart by exercise but not by chronic pressure overload. Constitutive activation of HSF1 in the heart significantly ameliorated death of cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibrosis and thereby prevented cardiac dysfunction as well as hypertrophy ...
Abstract 719: A tumor mitochondria vaccine protects against experimental renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Stefano Pierini, Andrea Facciabene, Mireia Uribe-Herranz, Stavros Rafail, Chongyun Fang, Janos Tanyi
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Mitochondria provide energy for cells via oxidative phosphorylation. Reactive oxygen species, a byproduct of this mitochondrial respiration, can damage mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and somatic mtDNA mutations have been found in all colorectal, ovarian, breast, urinary bladder, kidney, lung, and pancreatic tumors studied. The resulting altered mitochondrial proteins or tumor-associated mitochondrial Ags (TAMAs) are potentially immunogenic, suggesting that they may be targetable Ags for cancer immunotherapy. In this article, we show that the RENCA tumor cell line harbors TAMAs that can drive an antitumor immune response. We generated a cellular tumor vaccine by pulsing dendritic cells with enriched mitochondrial proteins from RENCA cells. Our dendritic cell-based RENCA mitochondrial lysate vaccine elicited a cytotoxic T cell response in vivo and conferred durable protection against challenge with RENCA cells when used in a prophylactic or therapeutic setting. By sequencing mtDNA from RENCA cells, we identified two mutated molecules: COX1 and ND5. Peptide vaccines generated from mitochondrial-encoded COX1 but not from ND5 had therapeutic properties similar to RENCA mitochondrial protein preparation. Thus, TAMAs can elicit effective antitumor immune responses, potentially providing a new immunotherapeutic strategy to treat cancer. Citation Format: Stefano Pierini, Andrea Facciabene, Mireia Uribe-Herranz, Stavros Rafail, Chongyun Fang, Janos Tanyi. A tumor mitochondria vaccine protects against experimental renal cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 719.
Association of Parent and Offspring Religiosity With Offspring Suicide Ideation and Attempts
Authors: Connie Svob, Priya J. Wickramaratne, Linda Reich, Ruixin Zhao, Ardesheer Talati, Marc J. Gameroff, Rehan Saeed, Myrna M. Weissman
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> Previous studies have shown an inverse association between offspring religiosity and suicidal ideation/attempts, but the association of parent religiosity on offspring suicidal ideation/attempts has not been examined. <h3>Objective</h3> To examine associations of parent and offspring religiosity with suicide ideation and attempts in offspring. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> The study is based on offspring (generation 3) from a 3-generation family study at New York State Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, in which generations 2 and 3 were defined as being at high risk or low risk for major depressive disorder because of the presence or absence of major depressive disorder in generation 1. The association between suicidal behaviors (ideation/attempts) and parent and offspring religiosity in generation 3 offspring aged 6 to 18 years (214 offspring from 112 nuclear families) was examined. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> Parents' psychiatric diagnoses and suicidal behaviors were assessed with the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia, and offspring were independently assessed using the child version. Two measures of religiosity were assessed: religious importance and religious attendance. Logistic regressions in the framework of generalized estimation equations were performed to analyze offspring suicidal behaviors while adjusting for sibling correlation and offspring age, sex, and familial depression risk status. <h3>Results</h3> Of 214 offspring, 112 (52.3%) were girls. Offspring religious importance was associated with a lower risk for suicidal behavior in girls (odds ratio [OR], 0.48; 95% CI, 0.33-0.70) but not in boys (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.74-1.80) (religiosity by sex interaction,<i>P</i> = .05). Religious attendance was associated with a lower risk for suicidal behavior in girls (OR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.49-0.84) but not boys (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.69-1.27) (religiosity by sex interaction,<i>P</i> = .17). Parent religious importance was associated with a lower risk for offspring suicidal behavior (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.41-0.91) but not parent religious attendance. When parent and offspring religious importance were considered simultaneously, we found a lower risk associated with parental religious importance (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.39-0.96) independent of offspring importance. These associations were independent of parental depression, marital status, and parental suicide ideation. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> In this study, parental belief in religious importance was associated with lower risk for suicidal behavior in offspring independent of an offspring's own belief about religious importance and other known parental factors, such as parental depression, suicidal behavior, and divorce.
Direct Measurement of Intracardiac Blood Flow in Dogs with Experimental Ventricular Septal Defects
Authors: Emmanuelmesel
Journal: Circulation Research (1970)

Experimental ventricular septal defects (VSD's) were produced in dogs under general anesthesia by excising a 9-mm core of tissue from the septum with a cylindrical cutting tool. A specially designed electromagnetic flow transducer was wedged into the defect compressing the septal tissue around it, thus causing all of the shunted blood to pass through the lumen. The sensing electrodes were in direct contact with the blood stream, allowing the transducer to be calibrated externally, and to be used as a primary standard of measurement. When left-to-right shunts were measured by the Fick technique, the average error was 57percnt; (2% to 154%). When pulmonary arterial oxygen saturation exceeded 85%, measurements using the Fick method showed errors greater than 30% (61% to 154%) in 9 of 11 animals. The VSD's were of moderate size and resulted in right ventricular systolic pressures between 1/4; and 1/2; of systemic. The flow pattern and the interventricular pressure difference were remarkably similar in contour...
Costs, Consequences, and Policy Responses of Vaccine-Preventable Disease Outbreaks
Authors: Jason L. Schwartz
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
<i>Vital Signs:</i>Zika-Associated Birth Defects and Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities Possibly Associated with Congenital Zika Virus Infection — U.S. Territories and Freely Associated States, 2018
Authors: Marion E. Rice, Romeo R. Galang, Nicole M. Roth, Sascha R. Ellington, Cynthia A. Moore, Miguel Valencia-Prado, Esther M. Ellis, Aifili John Tufa, Livinson A. Taulung, Julia M. Alfred, Janice Pérez-Padilla, Camille A. Delgado-López, Sherif R. Zaki, Sarah Reagan-Steiner, Julu Bhatnagar, John F. Nahabedian, Megan R. Reynolds, Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp, Laura J. Viens, Samantha M. Olson, Abbey M. Jones, Madelyn A. Baez-Santiago, Philip Oppong-Twene, Kelley VanMaldeghem, Elizabeth L. Simon, Jazmyn T. Moore, Kara D. Polen, Braeanna Hillman, Ruta Ropeti, Leishla Nieves-Ferrer, Mariam Marcano-Huertas, Carolee A. Masao, Edlen J. Anzures, Ransen L. Hansen, Stephany I. Pérez-Gonzalez, Carla P. Espinet-Crespo, Mildred Luciano-Román, Carrie K. Shapiro-Mendoza, Suzanne M. Gilboa, Margaret A. Honein
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

Zika virus infection during pregnancy causes serious birth defects and might be associated with neurodevelopmental abnormalities in children. Early identification of and intervention for neurodevelopmental problems can improve cognitive, social, and behavioral functioning.Pregnancies with laboratory evidence of confirmed or possible Zika virus infection and infants resulting from these pregnancies are included in the U.S. Zika Pregnancy and Infant Registry (USZPIR) and followed through active surveillance methods. This report includes data on children aged ≥1 year born in U.S. territories and freely associated states. Receipt of reported follow-up care was assessed, and data were reviewed to identify Zika-associated birth defects and neurodevelopmental abnormalities possibly associated with congenital Zika virus infection.Among 1,450 children of mothers with laboratory evidence of confirmed or possible Zika virus infection during pregnancy and with reported follow-up care, 76% had developmental screening or evaluation, 60% had postnatal neuroimaging, 48% had automated auditory brainstem response-based hearing screen or evaluation, and 36% had an ophthalmologic evaluation. Among evaluated children, 6% had at least one Zika-associated birth defect identified, 9% had at least one neurodevelopmental abnormality possibly associated with congenital Zika virus infection identified, and 1% had both.One in seven evaluated children had a Zika-associated birth defect, a neurodevelopmental abnormality possibly associated with congenital Zika virus infection, or both reported to the USZPIR. Given that most children did not have evidence of all recommended evaluations, additional anomalies might not have been identified. Careful monitoring and evaluation of children born to mothers with evidence of Zika virus infection during pregnancy is essential for ensuring early detection of possible disabilities and early referral to intervention services.
Emerging strategies for combination checkpoint modulators in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Aleksandra Popovic, Elizabeth M. Jaffee, Neeha Zaidi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2018)

Current immune checkpoint-modulating agents have demonstrated clinical efficacy in certain tumor types, particularly those with a high burden of tumor-specific neoantigens, high tumor-mutational burden, and abundant tumor-infiltrating T cells. However, these tumors often stop responding, with signs of T cells exhaustion, decreased T cell effector function, and upregulated inhibitory checkpoints. To enhance antitumor immunity and rescue exhausted T cells, newer inhibitory and stimulatory checkpoint modulators are being tested as monotherapy or in combination with approved checkpoint inhibitors. In contrast, tumors with low tumor-mutational burden, low neoantigen burden, and a paucity of T cells are immunologically “cold,” and therefore first require the addition of agents to facilitate the induction of T cells into tumors. Cold tumors also often recruit immunosuppressive cell subsets, including regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and macrophages, and secrete immunosuppressive soluble cytokines, chemokines, and metabolites. To unleash an optimal antitumor immune response, combinatorial therapeutics that combine immune checkpoints with other modalities, such as vaccines, are being developed. From current preclinical data, it appears that combinatorial strategies will provide robust and durable responses in patients with immunologically cold cancers.