tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The contribution of viruses and bacteria to community-acquired pneumonia in vaccinated children: a case<b>–</b>control study
Authors: Mejbah Uddin Bhuiyan, Thomas L Snelling, Rachel West, Jurissa Lang, Tasmina Rahman, Caitlyn Granland, Camilla de Gier, Meredith L Borland, Ruth B Thornton, Lea-Ann S Kirkham, Chisha Sikazwe, Andrew C Martin, Peter C Richmond, David W Smith, Adam Jaffe, Christopher C Blyth
Journal: Thorax (2018)

Introduction Respiratory pathogens associated with childhood pneumonia are often detected in the upper respiratory tract of healthy children, making their contribution to pneumonia difficult to determine. We aimed to determine the contribution of common pathogens to pneumonia adjusting for rates of asymptomatic detection to inform future diagnosis, treatment and preventive strategies. Methods A case–control study was conducted among children &lt;18 years in Perth, Western Australia. Cases were children hospitalised with radiologically confirmed pneumonia; controls were healthy children identified from outpatient and local immunisation clinics. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and tested for 14 respiratory viruses and 6 bacterial species by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For each pathogen, adjusted odds ratio (aOR; 95% CI) was calculated using multivariate logistic regression and population-attributable fraction (95% CI) for pneumonia was estimated. Results From May 2015 to October 2017, 230 cases and 230 controls were enrolled. At least one respiratory virus was identified in 57% of cases and 29% of controls (aOR: 4.7; 95% CI: 2.8 to 7.8). At least one bacterial species was detected in 72% of cases and 80% of controls (aOR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.4 to 1.2). Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) detection was most strongly associated with pneumonia (aOR: 58.4; 95% CI: 15.6 to 217.5). Mycoplasma pneumoniae was the only bacteria associated with pneumonia (aOR: 14.5; 95% CI: 2.2 to 94.8). We estimated that RSV, human metapneumovirus (HMPV), influenza, adenovirus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae were responsible for 20.2% (95% CI: 14.6 to 25.5), 9.8% (5.6% to 13.7%), 6.2% (2.5% to 9.7%), 4% (1.1% to 7.1%) and 7.2% (3.5% to 10.8%) of hospitalisations for childhood pneumonia, respectively. Conclusions Respiratory viruses, particularly RSV and HMPV, are major contributors to pneumonia in Australian children.
Activation Levels, Cardiovascular Risk, and Functional Impairment in Remitted Bipolar Patients: Clinical Relevance of a Dimensional Approach
Authors: Aroldo A. Dargél, Stevenn Volant, Soham Saha, Bruno Etain, Rebecca Grant, Jean-Michel Azorin, Sebastian Gard, Frank Bellivier, Thierry Bougerol, Jean-Pierre Kahn, Paul Roux, Valerie Aubin, Philippe Courtet, Marion Leboyer, Jan Scott, Chantal Henry
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2018)
HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis, by Race and Ethnicity — United States, 2014–2016
Authors: Ya-lin A. Huang, Weiming Zhu, Dawn K. Smith, Norma Harris, Karen W. Hoover
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2018)

Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with a daily, oral pill containing antiretroviral drugs is highly effective in preventing acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (1-4). The combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) is the only medication approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for PrEP. PrEP is indicated for men and women with sexual or injection drug use behaviors that increase their risk for acquiring HIV (5). CDC analyzed 2014-2016 data from the IQVIA Real World Data - Longitudinal Prescriptions (IQVIA database) to estimate the number of persons prescribed PrEP (users) in the United States and to describe their demographic characteristics, including sex and race/ethnicity. From 2014 to 2016, the annual number of PrEP users aged ≥16 years increased by 470%, from 13,748 to 78,360. In 2016, among 32,853 (41.9%) PrEP users for whom race/ethnicity data were available, 68.7% were white, 11.2% were African American or black (black), 13.1% were Hispanic, and 4.5% were Asian. Approximately 7% of the estimated 1.1 million persons who had indications for PrEP were prescribed PrEP in 2016, including 2.1% of women with PrEP indications (6). Although black men and women accounted for approximately 40% of persons with PrEP indications (6), this study found that nearly six times as many white men and women were prescribed PrEP as were black men and women. The findings of this study highlight gaps in effective PrEP implementation efforts in the United States.
P3.CR-12 A Novel Oncogenic Driver in a Lung Adenocarcinoma Patient Harboring an EGFR-KDD and Response to Afatinib
Authors: C. Xu, W. Wang, Q. Zhang, B. Wu, W. Zhuang, Y. Zhu, Y. Chen, M. Fang, G. Chen
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2018)
Clinical outcomes of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors (mTORI) after immuno-oncology (IO) checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: J. Graham, J.C. Wells, R. McKay, U.N. Vaishampayan, A. Hansen, F. Donskov, G.A. Bjarnason, B. Beuselinck, G. De Velasco, M.S. Duh, L. Huynh, R. Chang, G. Zanotti, K. Ramaswamy, T.K. Choueiri, D.Y.C. Heng
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Abstract 10163: Post-systolic Strain Index Derived From the Left Ventricular Strain Curves Predicts Congestive Heart Failure in Very Elderly Patients: A 2D Speckle Tracking Echocardiographic Study
Authors: Hiroshi Kato, Shoichi Kubota, Teruhiko Kumamoto, Toshihiro Haba, Makoto Yamamoto
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Strain analysis of the myocardium is a very sensitive method for predicting clinical outcomes. We hypothesized that the post-systolic strain index (PSI), which reflects post systolic shortening of the left ventricular (LV) myocardium, would predict congestive heart failure (CHF). Methods: We prospectively performed echocardiography with 2D speckle tracking in 101 patients over 80 years of age (mean±SD, 84.7±4.0). Underlying heart diseases were hypertensive heart disease [n = 61], coronary artery disease [n = 22], valvular heart disease [n = 14], and others. 2D longitudinal strain curves of the LV myocardium were extracted from the 3 apical views. End-systolic strain (S) at the time of aortic valve closure and peak strain (peak S) during a whole cardiac cycle were depicted automatically. PSI was calculated as {(peak S - S)/peak S} X 100(%). At the end of follow-up, we compared all baseline echocardiographic parameters between patients with new onset or worsening of CHF and those without it. R...
Abstract 18231: Bradycardia Produced By Win55, 212-2 Pharmacologically Induced Hypothermia Is Associated With Improved Systolic And Diastolic Myocardial Function Compared to Traditional Mechanical Hypothermia in a Rat Model of Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Zhangle Hu, Yan Xiao, Xiaobo Wu, Jin Yang, Jennifer Bradley, Mary Ann Peberdy, Joseph P Ornato, Wanchun Tang
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: The cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55, 212-2 (WIN) pharmacologically induces hypothermia (H) by resetting the hypothalamic temperature point. We previously demonstrated improved myoc...
Updated results of M7824 (MSB0011359C): A bifunctional fusion protein targeting TGF-β and PD-L1, in second-line (2L) NSCLC
Authors: L. Paz-Ares, T.M. Kim, D. Vicente, E. Felip, D.H. Lee, K.H. Lee, C.-C. Lin, M.J.F. Oncala, M. Di Nicola, R.M. Alvarez, I. Dussault, C. Helwig, L. Ojalvo, J. Gulley, B.C. Cho
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Prenatal exercise for the prevention of gestational diabetes mellitus and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Margie H Davenport, Stephanie-May Ruchat, Veronica J Poitras, Alejandra Jaramillo Garcia, Casey E Gray, Nick Barrowman, Rachel J Skow, Victoria L Meah, Laurel Riske, Frances Sobierajski, Marina James, Amariah J Kathol, Megan Nuspl, Andree-Anne Marchand, Taniya S Nagpal, Linda G Slater, Ashley Weeks, Kristi B Adamo, Gregory A Davies, Ruben Barakat, Michelle F Mottola
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2018)

Objective Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational hypertension (GH) and pre-eclampsia (PE) are associated with short and long-term health issues for mother and child; prevention of these complications is critically important. This study aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationships between prenatal exercise and GDM, GH and PE. Design Systematic review with random effects meta-analysis and meta-regression. Data sources Online databases were searched up to 6 January 2017. Study eligibility criteria Studies of all designs were included (except case studies) if published in English, Spanish or French, and contained information on the Population (pregnant women without contraindication to exercise), Intervention (subjective or objective measures of frequency, intensity, duration, volume or type of exercise, alone [“exercise-only”] or in combination with other intervention components [e.g., dietary; “exercise + co-intervention”]), Comparator (no exercise or different frequency, intensity, duration, volume and type of exercise) and Outcomes (GDM, GH, PE). Results A total of 106 studies (n=273 182) were included. ‘Moderate’ to ‘high’-quality evidence from randomised controlled trials revealed that exercise-only interventions, but not exercise+cointerventions, reduced odds of GDM (n=6934; OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.75), GH (n=5316; OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.85) and PE (n=3322; OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.9) compared with no exercise. To achieve at least a 25% reduction in the odds of developing GDM, PE and GH, pregnant women need to accumulate at least 600 MET-min/week of moderate-intensity exercise (eg, 140 min of brisk walking, water aerobics, stationary cycling or resistance training). Summary/conclusions In conclusion, exercise-only interventions were effective at lowering the odds of developing GDM, GH and PE.
Author Correction: Individual variations in cardiovascular-disease-related protein levels are driven by genetics and gut microbiome
Authors: Daria V. Zhernakova, Trang H. Le, Alexander Kurilshikov, Biljana Atanasovska, Marc Jan Bonder, Serena Sanna, Annique Claringbould, Urmo Võsa, Patrick Deelen, Lude Franke, Rudolf A. de Boer, Folkert Kuipers, Mihai G. Netea, Marten H. Hofker, Cisca Wijmenga, Alexandra Zhernakova, Jingyuan Fu
Journal: Nature Genetics (2018)
Compressive Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Neuropathy Secondary to Sartorius Muscle Fibrosis
Authors: James D. Triplett, Alasdair Robertson, Con Yiannikas
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Real-world safety of nivolumab in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Japan: Interim summary of post-marketing all-case surveillance
Authors: Y. Ohe, A. Gemma, K. Nakagawa, N. Yamamoto, T. Saito, A. Akamatsu, K. Kuwano, Y. Nakanishi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
AB0825 Managing systemic sclerosis: assessing the educational needs of rheumatologists
Authors: Z. Ahmad, S. Johnson
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

<h3>Background</h3> Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an uncommon, complex and heterogeneous condition, making it challenging to manage. Individual rheumatologists see relatively few cases and patient surveys identify numerous gaps in clinical care. There are no published data on the educational needs of rheumatologists caring for patients with SSc. We aimed to determine rheumatologists' self-rated knowledge and learning needs. <h3>Methods</h3> Survey questions were adapted from the EULAR Recommendations for the Treatment of SSc with reference to patient-identified care gaps. The survey was conducted on paper and on SurveyMonkey (a cloud-based online survey development software program). The target audience was Ontario rheumatologists, serving a population of 13.6 million. We sought to explore self-reported knowledge, experience, attitudes and perceived barriers in caring for SSc patients. Physician demographics and preferred educational methods were also collected. Gaps between perceived and desired knowledge were calculated to identify the greatest unmet learning needs. <h3>Results</h3> One hundred and eighteen responses were received with a response rate of 54%. The greatest unmet learning needs were seen in the management of sexual dysfunction (average gap of 1.4 on a 5-point scale), pulmonary hypertension (1.1), interstitial lung disease (1.0) and gastrointestinal manifestations of the disease (1.0). The smallest learning gap concerned screening recommendations (0.7). 19% of rheumatologists agreed with the statement "Scleroderma is an untreatable disease." Agreement with this statement was highest (33%) among rheumatologists who treat relatively small numbers<sup>1–10</sup> of scleroderma patients. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We have identified several unmet learning needs regarding the management of SSc among rheumatologists. These can be used to inform future educational resources and programs for rheumatologists regarding SSc and to direct further research into their needs. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Imunotherapy in clinical practice: Real world multicentric Brazilian experience
Authors: J. Cé Coelho, A.C. Zimmer Gelatti, E. Mascarenhas, C. Dutra, T. Rebelato, R. D'Avila, F. Zaffaroni Caorsi, B.M. Rocha Garcia, A.C. de Mirandae Figueiredo, M. Souto, A. Baldasso Zanon, N. Balzan, G. Werutsky, S. Jobim de Azevedo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
AB0966 Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the korean version of the functional index for hand osteoarthritis (FIHOA)
Authors: G.Y. Ahn, S.-K. Cho, S.J. Cha, E. Nam, J.-E. Lee, R.L. Dreiser, E. Maheu, Y.-K. Sung
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

<h3>Background</h3> Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common type of arthritis and it most frequently involves joints of the hands. Measuring functional ability of hand OA patients is important in terms of assessment of treatment response, patient management and improvement of quality of life. The functional index for hand osteoarthritis (FIHOA) is one of the most frequently utilised questionnaire to assess the physical function of hand OA patients. The FIHOA has been translated into 17 languages, however, no Korean version of FIHOA is yet available. <h3>Objectives</h3> To translate the FIHOA into Korean, and establish the reliability and validity of the cross-culturally adapted Korean version of FIHOA (K-FIHOA) in patients with hand OA. <h3>Methods</h3> The FIHOA was translated into Korean following cross-cultural adaptation guidelines. The K-FIHOA was pretested in 40 hand OA patients (defined by ACR classification criteria). The adapted K-FIHOA was then administered to 100 consecutive hand OA patients together with the modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (mHAQ) and visual analogue scale (VAS) for hand pain. The test-retest reliability of each item and total scores were assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The internal consistency reliability was evaluated as the Cronbach's alpha. The external construct validity was assessed using correlation between K-FIHOA and mHAQ and hand pain VAS. <h3>Results</h3> Values are given as mean ±standard deviation. Abbreviations: K-FIHOA, the Korean version of functional index of hand osteoarthritis; ICC, intra-class correlation coefficient. The mean total score of the K-FIHOA was 4.39 [Standard deviation (SD=5.56)] in the first assessment and 4.04 (SD=5.22) in the second assessment. The test-retest reliability for the total score was strong (r=0.87 and ICC=0.75). Spearman's rho for single item correlation ranged from 0.58 to 0.85 and ICC between single items were good or excellent (0.54–0.80). Cronbach's alpha was high (0.88) suggesting a strong internal coherence in the items of the questionnaire. We identified significant correlations between K-FIHOA and hand pain VAS (r=0.53, p&lt;0.01), mHAQ (r=0.52, p&lt;0.01), and mHAQ hand function score (r=0.57, p&lt;0.01). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The K-FIHOA is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating functional disability in Korean hand OA patients. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Abstract 12764: Endothelial-Specific Deletion of Epsins Attenuates Atherosclerosis in ApoE-Deficient Mouse Model
Authors: Yunzhou Dong, Satish Pasula, Hoogeun Song, Megan Brophy, Xiaolei Liu, Xiaofeng Cai, Hong Chen
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Objective: Epsins are ubiquitin-binding endocytic adaptor proteins and regulate membrane receptor signaling. The current study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism by which epsins regulate atherosclerosis. Methods: Tamoxifen-inducible Cre-driven global or constitutive Ve-cadherin Cre-driven endothelial-cell specific epsin 1 and 2 double knockout mice, iDKO or EC-DKO, respectively in ApoE-/- background were established and fed western diet (WD) for ten weeks. Aortic lesions were analyzed by histology and oil red O staining. Molecular mechanism was determined by molecular, cellular, biochemical and genetic approaches. Results: En face analysis revealed that global epsin deletion in ApoE-/- mice significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesion area in aorta compared to control ApoE-/- mice. Similar results were obtained in aortic root by oil red O staining. Similarly, EC-DKO/ApoE-/- mice exhibited substantially reduced atherosclerotic lesion burden with significantly improved endothelial-dependent relaxat...
A review of S-1 and S-1+Platinum for late-stage elderly patients with metastatic gastric cancer as a first-line regimen
Authors: Kazuma Kobayashi, Chika Sakimura, Kengo Kanetaka, Shinichiro Kobayashi, Michi Morita, Sayaka Kuba, Taiichiro Kosaka, Yusuke Inoue, Akihiko Soyama, Masaaki Hidaka, Takuya Honda, Minoru Fukuda, Shinichiro Ito, Kosho Yamanouchi, Mitsuhisa Takatsuki, Susumu Eguchi
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)
Prevention and lifestyle therapies are the way forward
Authors: Mark F Craig
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Many of us have been saying that pills are not the answer to unhealthy lifestyles for years.1 I felt let down by my medical training when I realised the strength of the evidence supporting this. Medical education has focused on being the ambulance at the bottom of the cliff rather than fence at the top,2 and our medical environment is still set up like this. Money talks, and there’s very little money in promoting eating broccoli …
Association of Aspirin With Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients After Total Knee Arthroplasty Compared With Other Anticoagulants
Authors: Brandon R. Hood, Mark E. Cowen, Huiyong T. Zheng, Richard E. Hughes, Bonita Singal, Brian R. Hallstrom
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2018)

There has been significant debate in the surgical and medical communities regarding the appropriateness of using aspirin alone for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis following total knee arthroplasty (TKA).To determine the acceptability of aspirin alone vs anticoagulant prophylaxis for reducing the risk of postoperative VTE in patients undergoing TKA.Noninferiority study of a retrospective cohort of TKA cases submitted to the Michigan Arthroplasty Registry Collaborative Quality Initiative at 29 member hospitals, ranging from small community hospitals to large academic and nonacademic medical centers in Michigan. The study included 41 537 patients who underwent primary TKA between April 1, 2013, and October 31, 2015. Clinical events were monitored for 90 days after surgery. Data were analyzed between September and October 2016.The method of pharmacologic prophylaxis: neither aspirin nor anticoagulants for 668 patients (1.6%), aspirin only for 12 831 patients (30.9%), anticoagulant only (eg, low-molecular-weight heparin, warfarin, and Xa inhibitors) for 22 620 patients (54.5%), and both aspirin/anticoagulant for 5418 patients (13.0%). Most patients were also using intermittent pneumatic compression stockings.The primary composite outcome was the first occurrence of VTE or death. The noninferiority margin was specified as 0.3. The secondary outcome was bleeding events.Of the 41 537 patients, 14 966 were men (36%), and the mean age was 65.8 years. A VTE event occurred in 573 of 41 537 patients (1.38%); 32 of 668 (4.79%) who received no pharmacologic prophylaxis, 149 of 12 831 (1.16%) treated with aspirin alone, 321 of 22 620 (1.42%) with anticoagulation alone, and 71 of 5418 (1.31%) prescribed both aspirin and anticoagulation. Aspirin only was noninferior for the composite VTE outcome compared with those receiving other chemoprophylaxis (adjusted odds ratio, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.68-1.07, P for inferiority = .007). Bleeding occurred in 457 of 41 537 patients (1.10%), 10 of 668 (1.50%) without prophylaxis, 116 of 12 831 (0.90%) in the aspirin group, 258 of 22 620 (1.14%) with anticoagulation, and 73 of 5418 (1.35%) of those receiving both. Aspirin alone was also noninferior for bleeding complications (adjusted odds ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.63-1.00, P for inferiority <.001).In this study of patients undergoing TKA, aspirin was not inferior to other anticoagulants in the postoperative rate of VTE or death. Aspirin alone may provide similar protection from postoperative VTE compared with other anticoagulation treatments.
Abstract 12880: J-Shaped Association between P-Wave Duration and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: Results from The Copenhagen ECG Study
Authors: Jonas B Nielsen, Adrian Pietersen, Claus Graff, Bent Lind, Johannes J Struijk, Morten S Olesen, Stig Haunsoe, Lars Koeber, Jesper H Svendsen, Anders G Holst
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Introduction Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a serious and growing health care burden worldwide. Prior studies have shown a linear association between ECG P-wave duration and the risk of AF. Results from recent genome wide association studies of the related PR-interval, however, indicate a possible J-shaped association. We aimed to investigate this in the hitherto largest population based study. Methods We included about one third of the population (n=326,959) in the region of Copenhagen, Denmark. Since 2001 these individuals had one or more electrocardiograms recorded and stored digitally in a general practitioner core facility. All ECG analyses were performed using computer algorithms. Data on the outcome (AF) as well as on known risk factors for this was taken from Danish registers allowing for almost complete follow-up. A Cox proportional hazard model was used. The model was adjusted for PR-interval, age, gender, hypertension, prior myocardial infarction MI), congestive heart failure (CHF), valve disease,...
Ultra-early response capturing in the treatment of non-squamous NSCLC using diffusion-weighted MRI: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: G. Heussel, N.V. Batora, M. Schneider, P. Flechsig, J. Krisam, C. Wiedemann, O. Sedlaczek, I. Fellhauer, H.-U. Kauczor, M. Thomas, H. Golpon, J. Vogel-Claussen, A. Tufman, J. Dinkel, A. Guenther, S. Janciauskiene, H. Sueltmann, M. Meister, C.P. Heussel, F. Bozorgmehr
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2018)