tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Ketamine for the Treatment of Depression
Authors: Christoph Kraus, Rupert Lanzenberger, Siegfried Kasper
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB): A case report
Authors: E. Troncoso, S. Bonicatto, A. Mainella, A. Barbero, M. Lavezzaro, G. Zapata
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2006)

15546 Background: ENB is a rare embrionary tumor derived from neuroblasts of the olfactory sensory system. Polypoid mass with epistaxis or nasal obstruction are the most common clinical manifestations of this tumor. It’s invasive and it frequently causes regional and distant metastasis. ENB requires a multimodality therapy. The objective of this study is to describe the form of presentation, diagnosis, treatment and evolution of this tumor on a female patient (pt), as a casuistic contribution. Methods and Case Report: A 61 year old woman with a four month history of epistaxis, nasal pain and anosmia. CT shows nasal mass invading the entire nasal cavity and upper maxillary. Pt underwent nasal resection and reconstruction with frontal flaps. Anatomopathology: ENB invading the bone. Cromogranin (+), sinaptofisin (+), CK (−), NSE (−). Three months later: lesion on the right wing nasal and a mass in the soft palate. MRI: mass on the floor of the nasal fossa that involve the left maxillary sinus and the bone palate. Kadish stage C. We treated her with three cycles of chemotherapy using cisplatin 30 mg/sqM d 1–3 iv and etoposide 100 mg/sqM d 1–3 iv. After that, remission was observed in the wing nasal lesion but the the soft palate mass shows progression. MRI: mass in nasal fossa that destroys the left maxillary sinus and causes lysis of the upper maxillary and orbital floor. Pt was treated with radiotherapy (6000 cGy) showing complete remission of the nasal lession and partial response on the soft palate, verified by physical examination and RMI. Four months after the end of radiotherapy, she continues under control and maintains the response to therapy without evidence of progression. Conclusion: ENB is an unfrequent tumor without any standard treatment. In our case, the combination of surgery, CH and RT has been effective for local control of the disease with good tolerance and acceptable quality of life. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
HLA Class I Allele-Lacking Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells Support Long-Term Clonal Hematopoiesis without Oncogenic Driver Mutations in Acquired Aplastic Anemia
Authors: Tatsuya Imi, Takamasa Katagiri, Kazuyoshi Hosomichi, Noriharu Nakagawa, Yoshitaka Zaimoku, Ken Ishiyama, Atsushi Tajima, Shinji Nakao
Journal: Blood (2016)
Comments on cochrane review on direct‐acting antivirals for hepatitis C
Authors: Anna S. Lok, Raymond T. Chung, Hugo E. Vargas, Arthur Y. Kim, Susanna Naggie, William G. Powderly
Journal: Hepatology (2017)

Lok, Anna S.*,1; Chung, Raymond T.2; Vargas, Hugo E.3; Kim, Arthur Y.4; Naggie, Susanna5; Powderly, William G.6 Author Information
Physician treatment preferences for HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer patients: A survey of community oncology practices in the United States.
Authors: Eric Qiong Wu, Yanni Hao, James E. Signorovitch, Peggy L. Lin, Alexander R. Macalalad, Zhou Zhou, Jinlin Song, Erika Ohashi, Caroline Kelley, Suleiman Alfred Massarweh
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e11517 Background: Clinical guidelines suggest that patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor-negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer (aBC) can be treated with consecutive lines of endocrine therapy (ET). Patients with progression after 3 consecutive ET regimens, or with symptomatic visceral disease, are considered for chemotherapy. Little is known about treatment preferences for HR+/HER2- aBC in community practice. Methods: Community-based oncologists treating women with HR+/HER2- aBC were surveyed to assess their practice characteristics, perceptions of aBC patients’ performance status, perception of typical treatment preferences and factors impacting their practice. Results: Among 27 surveyed physicians, 82% specialized in hematology/oncology, 48% had been practicing for over 10 years, and 41% currently had >10 patients with HR+/HER2- aBC in their practice. All physicians reported that the majority of their current aBC patients had performance status corresponding to an ECOG score of 0 or 1, or a KPS score of 80% or above. The median duration of 1st-line therapy for a typical aBC patient was 9 months. Median survival after initiating 1st-line therapy was 36 months. Forty-Eight percent of physicians surveyed preferred ET as 1st-line treatment, with the others indicating case-by-case evaluation. None preferred 1st-line chemotherapy. Highest ranked factors impacting 1st-line treatment preferences were efficacy demonstrated in randomized trials and patient menopausal status. Physicians typically began using new oncology agents following publication of efficacy in a top-tier journal or conference (41%), or following FDA approval (26%). Conclusions: Among community-based physicians who treated women with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer, stated treatment preferences were consistent with treatment guidelines in which endocrine therapy is the preferred 1st-line therapy. Efficacy demonstrated in clinical trials, treatment guidelines, and patients menopausal status were major factors affecting physician treatment preferences.
Randomized, double blind trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of metformin vs placebo plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer.
Authors: Claudia Arce-Salinas, Gabriela Alamilla, Diana flores-Diaz, Connie Zuratzi Deneken, Leticia Mendoza-Galindo, Rebeca Ramirez-Morales, Robin Shaw-Dulin, Julieta Santamaria-Galicia, Alberto Alvarado-Miranda, Cynthia Villarreal-Garza, Paula Cabrera Galeana
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

579 Background: Obesity and overweight are risk factors for breast cancer development and increase mortality; several pathophysiological mechanisms are involved, mainly are, the release from the fat tissue of pro-inflammatory substances, activation pathways related to cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis promoted by insulin and IGF-1 and estradiol dysregulation. It has been demostrated that metformin improves breast cancer outcomes. The aim of this is study is to evaluate the efficacy in terms of PCR (pathologic complete response) in patients with LABC treated with sequential neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NeoCT) plus metformin vs chemotherapy plus placebo. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, prospective clinical trial in patients with LABC. All patients had histologically confirmed breast cancer, hormone receptor (HR) positive, HER2-negative. Metformin was given 850 mg PO q12H, concomitantly with NeoCT. Six weeks after chemtherapy completion all patients underwent to surgery to asses PCR. Results: 48 women were included, 28 were assigned to the experimental group and 20 in the control group. Median age at diagnosis was 45 years for both groups, Obesity rate was 46.2% and 47.1% for each treatment arm. Metabolic syndrome was more prevalent in experimental arm 61.5% vs 52.9% NS. PCR was reached in 26.9% of patients in experimental arm in comparison with 5.9%, however, this difference not reach statistical significance (p = 0.22). No significant toxicity was associated with metformin. Conclusions: The findings support the hypothesis that adding metformin to neoadjuvant chemotherapy will increase the rates of complete pathological response, the treatment is well tolerated. Larger trials are required to confirm our results. Clinical trial information: NCT01566799.
UK has best health system in developed world, US analysis concludes
Authors: Anne Gulland
Journal: BMJ (2017)

The UK’s healthcare system is the best out of 11 of the world’s most developed countries, despite having one of the lowest levels of funding.

The US health think tank the Commonwealth Fund ranked the UK number one, closely followed by Australia, then the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Switzerland, Sweden, Germany, Canada, France, and the US.1 This is the second time in a row that the UK has come at the top of the ranking, carried out every three years.2

The US came last, despite spending by far the most on health: 16.6% of its gross domestic product, nearly double that spent by Australia, at 9% the smallest proportion among the 11 countries, and the UK, at 9.9%. The US spent more …
Stimulant medication to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Paramala Santosh
Journal: BMJ (2017)

#### What you need to know

A 10 year old boy is restless at school and often disturbs the rest of the class. His mother is concerned that his restlessness interferes with his activities outside school. He is diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by a paediatrician and starts treatment with methylphenidate. The boy’s mother is worried because the drug is a stimulant and she fears her son might become addicted to it.

People with ADHD display developmentally inappropriate levels of inattentiveness and impulse control, and can have difficulty moderating activity.1 Some 5% of people are thought to be affected by the disorder.2 

Treatment for ADHD can include drugs, behavioural therapy, or a combination of these (fig 1⇓, fig 2⇓). Stimulant treatments such as methylphenidate and amphetamines are the key drug treatments. They are thought to work by restoring the imbalance in catecholamine levels at the synapse by inhibiting presynaptic dopamine re-uptake, hence increasing the availability of extracellular dopamine.3 Unlike methylphenidate, amphetamine can also reverse dopamine uptake and targets the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 to increase cytoplasmic dopamine levels.4 



Fig 1 Treatment decision making in ADHD without co-existing disorders





Fig 2 Possible treatment decision making in ADHD with co-existing disorders



Stimulant medication is intended to reduce symptoms, boost academic achievement, and improve quality of life, but should be considered as first line treatment in severe …
Wanted: clinicians with digital and leadership skills
Authors: Fiona Godlee
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Health systems around the world are still recovering from the fallout of May’s cyberattack (doi:10.1136/bmj.j2357). The WannaCry malware didn’t specifically target healthcare, say Guy Martin and colleagues (doi:10.1136/bmj.j3179), but healthcare is uniquely vulnerable to such attacks. Rich in valuable data, it’s one of the most targeted sectors globally: four fifths of US healthcare organisations and up to half of NHS trusts say they were hit in the past year. Chronic underinvestment in information technology makes healthcare a soft …
Kunkel Lecture: Fundamental immunodeficiency and its correction
Authors: Carl Nathan
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2017)

“Fundamental immunodeficiency” is the inability of the encoded immune system to protect an otherwise healthy host from every infection that could threaten its life. In contrast to primary immunodeficiencies, fundamental immunodeficiency is not rare but nearly universal. It results not from variation in a given host gene but from the rate and extent of variation in the genes of other organisms. The remedy for fundamental immunodeficiency is “adopted immunity,” not to be confused with adaptive or adoptive immunity. Adopted immunity arises from four critical societal contributions to the survival of the human species: sanitation, nutrition, vaccines, and antimicrobial agents. Immunologists have a great deal to contribute to the development of vaccines and antimicrobial agents, but they have focused chiefly on vaccines, and vaccinology is thriving. In contrast, the effect of antimicrobial agents in adopted immunity, although fundamental, is fragile and failing. Immunologists can aid the development of sorely needed antimicrobial agents, and the study of antimicrobial agents can help immunologists discover targets and mechanisms of host immunity.
High-Dose Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> during Tuberculosis Treatment in Mongolia. A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Davaasambuu Ganmaa, Baatar Munkhzul, Wafaie Fawzi, Donna Spiegelman, Walter C. Willett, Purev Bayasgalan, Erkhembayar Baasansuren, Burneebaatar Buyankhishig, Sereeter Oyun-Erdene, David A. Jolliffe, Theodoros Xenakis, Sabri Bromage, Barry R. Bloom, Adrian R. Martineau
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2017)

Rationale: Existing trials of adjunctive vitamin D in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are variously limited by small sample sizes, inadequate dosing regimens, and high baseline vitamin D status among participants. Comprehensive analyses of the effects of genetic variation in the vitamin D pathway on response to vitamin D supplementation are lacking.Objectives: To determine the effect of high-dose vitamin D3 on response to antimicrobial therapy for PTB and to evaluate the influence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in vitamin D pathway genes on response to adjunctive vitamin D3.Methods: We conducted a clinical trial in 390 adults with PTB in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, who were randomized to receive four biweekly doses of 3.5 mg (140,000 IU) vitamin D3 (n = 190) or placebo (n = 200) during intensive-phase antituberculosis treatment.Measurements and Main Results: The intervention elevated 8-week serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations (154.5 nmol/L vs. 15.2 nmol/L in active vs. placebo arms, respectively; 95% confidence interval for difference, 125.9–154.7 nmol/L; P < 0.001) but did not influence time to sputum culture conversion overall (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.86–1.36; P = 0.48). Adjunctive vitamin D3 accelerated sputum culture conversion in patients with one or more minor alleles for SNPs in genes encoding the vitamin D receptor (rs4334089, rs11568820) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1: rs4646536) (adjusted hazard ratio ≥ 1.47; P for interaction ≤ 0.02).Conclusions: Vitamin D3 did not influence time to sputum culture conversion in the study population overall. Effects of the intervention were modified by SNPs in VDR and CYP27B1.Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01657656).
Abstract 5757: Study of human mammary tumor virus (HMTV) in human breast cancer by NanoString nCounter and FISH analysis
Authors: Stella M. Melana, Joseph Tripodi, Digna Nosike, Jaffer Shabnam, Polly Etkind, Beatriz GT Pogo, James F. Holland
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Abstract Human Mammary Tumor Virus (HMTV), a retrovirus 90-98% homologous to Mouse Mammary tumor Virus (MMTV), the etiological agent of murine mammary cancer, has been detected by PCR in 40% of American women’s breast cancers, but not in healthy tissues of the same breast (Cancer Research 1995, 55:5173-79; Clin. Cancer Research 2001, 7-283-4). A complete 9.9 kb HMTV proviral sequence has been detected in breast cancer genomic DNA (Cancer Res 2001,61:1754-9). HMTV viral particles with betaretrovirus characteristics have been isolated from metastatic breast cancer cells in effusions (MSSM cells). Expression of HMTV proteins has been detected in MSSM cells by western blot, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and immunofluorescence assays but not in normal mammary epithelial cells (J Virol Methods 2010, 163(1): 157-61). PCR is a sensitive technique susceptible of contamination, which due to amplification, could result in false positive detection. Although murine DNA was not found by PCR, the possibility still exists that HMTV in human DNA could be a result of laboratory contamination. Despite the substantial evidence supporting the presence of HMTV in breast cancer the controversy continues because the chance of contamination has led to doubt that murine-like viruses are human pathogens. We now report additional analyses of breast cancer specimens employing other methods for HMTV detection that reinforce previous findings. NanoString nCounter, a new technology using specific 100 mer oligonucleotides as probes bound to reporter molecules that can detect HMTV gag, env and LTR sequences as well as two murine specific probes in a single reaction without amplification. Flourescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays with a HMTV probe is a technology that permits visualization of HMTV proviral DNA in the nuclei of surgical samples of breast cancer as well as in MSSM cells. Results from Nanostring nCounter, and FISH analysis show the presence of HMTV DNA in surgical cancer specimens and in MSSM cells. The data exclude contamination and confirm the authenticity of HMTV in human breast cancer. Next-generation sequencing and other studies are in progress to determine the role of HMTV in the pathogenesis of breast carcinoma. Citation Format: Stella M. Melana, Joseph Tripodi, Digna Nosike, Jaffer Shabnam, Polly Etkind, Beatriz GT Pogo, James F. Holland. Study of human mammary tumor virus (HMTV) in human breast cancer by NanoString nCounter and FISH analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5757. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5757
A Systematic Review and Framework for the Use of Hormone Therapy with Salvage Radiation Therapy for Recurrent Prostate Cancer
Authors: Daniel E. Spratt, Robert T. Dess, Zachary S. Zumsteg, Daniel W. Lin, Phuoc T. Tran, Todd M. Morgan, Emmanuel S. Antonarakis, Paul L. Nguyen, Charles J. Ryan, Howard M. Sandler, Matthew R. Cooperberg, Edwin Posadas, Felix Y. Feng
Journal: European Urology (2017)
Norethynodrel as an Oral Contraceptive: Experience in Private Practice
Journal: JAMA (1963)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Full-Length rFVIII Modified with PEG Via Coupling to Primary Amino Groups.
Authors: Peter L. Turecek, Jürgen Siekmann, Herbert Gritsch, Katalin Váradi, Rafi-Uddin Ahmad, Eva-Maria Muchitsch, Hartmut Ehrlich, Hans Peter Schwarz
Journal: Blood (2007)
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma with Primary Treatment Failure: Identification of Ultra-High Risk Patients and Benchmarking for Experimental Therapies
Authors: Kami J. Maddocks, Narendranath Epperla, Julio C. Chavez, Nishitha Reddy, Reem Karmali, Elvira Umyarova, Cristiana A Costa, Veronika Bachanova, Martha Glenn, Oscar Calzada, Ana Xavier, Zheng Zhou, Nasheed Mohammad Hossain, Francisco J. Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, Zeina Al-Mansour, Stefan Klaus Barta, Saurabh Chhabra, Frederick Lansigan, Amitkumar Mehta, Michael V. Jaglal, Andrew Evans, Deniz Peker, Andre Forero-Torres, Christopher Flowers, Timothy S. Fenske, Jonathon B. Cohen, Mehdi Hamadani, Luciano J. Costa
Journal: Blood (2016)
Identification of DNA Copy Number Variations Associated with the Clinical Outcome in Young Mantle Cell Lymphoma Patients Treated with Cytarabine-Based High Dose Sequential Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in the Prospective from the MCL0208 Phase III Trial from Fondazione Italiana Linfomi (FIL)
Authors: Andrea Rinaldi, Simone Ferrero, Ivo Kwee, Davide Rossi, Alessio Bruscaggin, Valeria Spina, Fary Diop, Filippo Ballerini, Filippo Gherlinzoni, Fabio Benedetti, Michael Mian, Caterina Stelitano, Elisa Doni, Alessandra Flavia Salvi, Sergio Cortelazzo, Marco Ladetto, Gianluca Gaidano, Francesco Bertoni
Journal: Blood (2016)
Mogamulizumab for ATLL in Clinical Practice
Authors: Masaaki Sekine, Masaki Takeuchi, Takanori Toyama, Kouichi Maeda, Seiichi Sato, Kiyoshi Yamashita, Junzo Ishizaki, Akizuki Keiichi, Ayako Kamiunten, Takuro Kameda, Kotaro Shide, Tomonori Hidaka, Yoko Kubuki, Akira Kitanaka, Kazuya Shimoda
Journal: Blood (2016)
Can we prevent and modify cardiometabolic disorders by controlling HCV infection?
Authors: Salvatore Petta, Antonio Craxi
Journal: Gut (2017)

HCV infection has an estimated global prevalence of 1.0%, corresponding to roughly 71.1 million of infected individuals in 2015, with major geographical heterogeneity.1 Due to the large burden of infected individuals in the general population, the likelihood of co-occurrence of chronic HCV infection and common comorbidities is substantial regardless of causal linkages. Population-based studies show a higher overall mortality, both for liver-related and unrelated causes in HCV infected subjects compared with those uninfected, and cross-sectional and cohort studies identify HCV as an independent risk factor for extrahepatic manifestations.2 These issues are summarised in two meta-analyses reporting that HCV-infected patients are at higher risk of mixed cryoglobulinaemia, lymphoma, lichen planus, Sjogren’s syndrome, porphyria cutanea tarda, rheumatoid-like arthritis, depression, chronic kidney or end-stage renal disease, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disorders/mortality.3 4 While the link between HCV and some of these comorbidities—mixed cryoglobulinaemia, lymphoma and glomerulonephritis—is well established and driven by recognised pathophysiological mechanisms, the nature of the association between the infection and other common extrahepatic comorbidities is less clear. Clinical and experimental evidences suggest an intrinsic link between HCV infection and insulin-resistance/diabetes driven by the ability of the virus to interfere with insulin signalling, even if the strength of this association is not always confirmed. Emerging data also support a link between HCV infection and cardiovascular alterations. However, relative to this topic, contrasting data exist and the basis of this association stems on associative data, theoretical speculations and inconclusive experimental evidence.5 

This mass of data and the recent availability of highly effective antiviral regimens, able …