tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Renal transplant, previous breast cancer, and progressive breathlessness
Authors: Subramanian Nachiappan, David C Howlett
Journal: BMJ (2017)

A 68 year old woman presented with worsening shortness of breath on exertion. She had a history of polycystic kidney disease, chronic renal failure, renal transplant, and secondary hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcaemia while she was on dialysis. She had left mastectomy for breast cancer, and was on multiple medications including tacrolimus and prednisolone. Blood tests and clinical examination were unremarkable but a chest radiograph noted multiple bilateral nodular densities. Therefore a computed tomography scan was organised. What does this cross-sectional computed tomography scan (fig 1, lung window) show?



Fig 1 
Axial chest computed tomography scan image



Diffuse ill-defined centrilobular areas of rounded parenchymal lung density with associated calcifications, consistent with metastatic pulmonary calcifications. …
Vigilância internacional da resistência aos antibióticos na Europa: agora também é necessário monitorizar a utilização de antibióticos
Authors: S L A M Bronzwaer, U Buchholz, J. L. Kool
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2001)

Com o aumento das viagens e comercio dentro da Uniao Europeia (UE) ao longo dos anos, o risco de disseminacao de agentes patogenicos (resistentes) aumenta. Muitos estudos tem demonstrado que a resistencia aos antibioticos constitui um problema crescente. Por exemplo, o Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (MRSA) foi, inicialmente, um problema dos hospitais, mas, actualmente, esta a ser cada vez mais notificado como uma infeccao adquirida na comunidade. Tem sido demonstrada a disseminacao de algumas estirpes entre paises Europeus (1). A resistencia aos antibioticos pode resultar num prolongamento do internamento hospitalar, despesas mais elevadas e uma morbilidade, ou mesmo mortalidade, mais elevada (2).
Salmonella enteritidis e Salmonella typhimurium na Europa Ocidental, de 1993 a 1995: relatório da vigilância da Salm-Net
Authors: I. S.T. Fisher
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1997)

Tem sido definida vigilância como “a colheita, compilacao e analise sistematica e continua de dados e a distribuicao rapida e regular da informacao resultante, aqueles que dela necessitam para desencadear a accao adequada” (1). Isto pode ser conseguido de duas formas. A primeira, a curto prazo, pela identificacao e investigacao dos surtos e a segunda, pela monitorizacao a longo prazo das tendencias da incidencia e prevalencia da doenca de forma a avaliar as necessidades e as intervencoes. Os dados historicos sao importantes para deduzir as incidencias esperadas de infeccoes: os surtos sao frequentemente identificados quando a incidencia observada para uma doenca ultrapassa a incidencia esperada para essa doenca. Um dos objectivos da rede europeia de vigilância de salmonela, Salm-Net, e a criacao de uma base de dados de isolados de salmonela em humanos, na Europa (2). Uma serie comum de dados esta a ser recolhida para cada isolamento, permitindo a identificacao de tendencias na incidencia de salmoneloses na Europa Ocidental. Este relatorio faz a revisao dos dados sobre os dois serotipos de salmonela mais frequentemente notificados, de 1993 a 1995.
TCT-78 Outcomes of Left Main Revascularization in the Elderly and Younger Patients: The EXCEL trial
Authors: Erick Schampaert, Patrick Serruys, A. Pieter Kappetein, Nicholas Lembo, William Brown, Andrzej Bochenek, Pierre Page, Ovidiu Dressler, Roxana Mehran, Joseph Sabik, Gregg Stone
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
SOCS1 Gene Therapy Improves Radiosensitivity and Enhances Irradiation-Induced DNA Damage in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Takahito Sugase, Tsuyoshi Takahashi, Satoshi Serada, Minoru Fujimoto, Kosuke Hiramatsu, Tomoharu Ohkawara, Koji Tanaka, Yasuhiro Miyazaki, Tomoki Makino, Yukinori Kurokawa, Makoto Yamasaki, Kiyokazu Nakajima, Tadamitsu Kishimoto, Masaki Mori, Yuichiro Doki, Tetsuji Naka
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

STAT3 has been implicated recently in radioresistance in cancer. In this study, we investigated the association between STAT3 and radioresistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Strong expression of activated phospho-STAT3 (p-STAT3) was observed in 16/22 ESCC patients with preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT), compared with 9 of 24 patients with surgery alone, where the prognosis of those with CRT was poor. Expression of p-STAT3 and the antiapoptotic proteins Mcl-1 and survivin was strongly induced in ESCC cells by irradiation. Ectopic STAT3 expression increased radioresistance, whereas expression of the STAT3 negative regulator SOCS1 via an adenoviral vector improved radioresponse. Inhibiting the STAT3-Mcl-1 axis by SOCS1 enhanced DNA damage after irradition and induced apoptosis. Combining SOCS1 with radiotherapy enhanced antitumor responses in a murine xenograft model compared with the individual therapies. Tumor repopulation occurred transiently after treatment by irradiation but not the combination SOCS1/radiotherapy. Tumors subjected to this combination expressed high levels of γH2AX and low levels of Ki-67, which was maintained after cessation of treatment. Overall, we demonstrated that inhibiting the STAT3-Mcl-1 signaling axis by ectopic SOCS1 improved radiosensitivity by inducing apoptosis and enhancing DNA damage after radiotherapy, offering a mechanistic rationale for a new ESCC treatment. Cancer Res; 77(24); 6975-86. ©2017 AACR.
Abstract 19936: Trends in the Management of Acute Type A Intramural Hematoma
Authors: Arturo Evangelista, Kevin M Harris, Thomas G Gleason, Udo Sechtem, Stuart Hutchison, Alan C Braverman, Eduardo Bossone, Reed E Pyeritz, Alberto Forteza, Pat Pappas, Khaled Abdul-Nour, Daniel G Montgomery, Eric M Isselbacher, Christoph A Nienaber, Kim A Eagle
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction:  Acute Type A aortic Intramural Hematoma (IMH), a subgroup of aortic dissection, has evoked discussion regarding optimal management of this condition. While some centers have advocated for medical management, recent guidelines have stated that surgical therapy is generally indicated. This study sought to utilize the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection to investigate trends over time in the management of this condition.   Methods:  Of 3503 Type A patients enrolled in the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection, 141 (4.0%) were identified as having an IMH. This cohort was stratified by date of presentation into three time periods of equal length: Group 1, 1996-2003 (N=28, 19.9%); Group 2, 2004-2009 (N=30, 21.3%); and Group 3, 2010-2015 (N=83, 58.9%).   Results:  The study population was 47.5% female with an average age of 70.6 years. Surgery was performed in 71.4% of IMH patients in Group 1, increasing to 81.9% in Group 3 (p=0.492, trend p=0.261), which was not statistically significant. Reasons for receiving medical versus surgical management included advanced age (N=8, 47.1%), comorbid illness (N=12, 57.1%), and patient refusal (N=3, 23.1%). IMH of the arch was identified as a reason for medical management in 6 patients (47.1%). There was no difference in time to diagnosis between groups, with medians of 3.0 hours in Group 1 to 2.6 hours in Group 3 (p=0.971). Notably, surgical mortality decreased between 1996 to 2015, from 35.0% in Group 1 to 13.2% in Group 3 (p=0.087, trend p=0.030).   Conclusions:  Operative mortality for Type A IMH decreased over time, providing further support for surgical repair in these patients. In the absence of personalized risk models for surgical and medical outcomes utilizing imaging and genomic data, surgical management appears to be the optimal therapy for acute Type A IMH.
The role of B cell antigen receptors in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Michael Fichtner, Martin Dreyling, Mascha Binder, Martin Trepel
Journal: Journal of Hematology & Oncology (2017)

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is characterized by an aggressive clinical course and secondary resistance to currently available therapies in most cases. Therefore, despite recent advances in the treatment of this disease, it is still considered to be incurable in the majority of cases. MCL B cells retain their B cell antigen receptor (BCR) expression during and after neoplastic transformation. BCRs in MCL show distinct patterns of antigen selection and ongoing BCR signaling. However, little is known about the involved antigens and the mechanisms leading to lymphomagenesis and lymphoma progression in MCL. Recent preclinical and clinical studies have established a crucial role of the BCR and the potential of inhibiting its signaling in this disease. This has established the B cell antigen receptor signaling cascade as a very promising therapeutic target to improve outcome in MCL alone or in combination with chemo-immunotherapy in recent years.
Abstract SS02-04: How much can we afford to pay for new drugs, and how do we make those decisions?
Authors: Thomas J. Smith
Journal: Cancer Research (2010)

Abstract Cancer and overall medical care costs are rising at an unsustainable rate. At the same time there are a plethora of new cancer drugs with some activity, all coming to market with a cost of $3000-10,000/month, independent of their absolute benefit. And the cost of drugs does not fall when there are competitors. How should patients, payers, physicians and society choose, in the real world of limited resources? We will explore several alternatives including US and Canadian models and the UK NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) model. Citation Format: Thomas J. Smith. How much can we afford to pay for new drugs, and how do we make those decisions? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr SS02-04
Re: Emmanuel S. Antonarakis, Changxue Lu, Brandon Luber, et al. Clinical Significance of Androgen Receptor Splice Variant-7 mRNA Detection in Circulating Tumor Cells of Men with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Treated with First- and Second-line Abiraterone and Enzalutamide. J Clin Oncol 2017;35:2149–56
Authors: Julie Steinestel, Christof Bernemann, Andres J. Schrader, Jochen K. Lennerz
Journal: European Urology (2017)
Widespread activation of antisense transcription of the host genome during herpes simplex virus 1 infection
Authors: Emanuel Wyler, Jennifer Menegatti, Vedran Franke, Christine Kocks, Anastasiya Boltengagen, Thomas Hennig, Kathrin Theil, Andrzej Rutkowski, Carmelo Ferrai, Laura Baer, Lisa Kermas, Caroline Friedel, Nikolaus Rajewsky, Altuna Akalin, Lars Dölken, Friedrich Grässer, Markus Landthaler
Journal: Genome biology (2017)

Herpesviruses can infect a wide range of animal species. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is one of the eight herpesviruses that can infect humans and is prevalent worldwide. Herpesviruses have evolved multiple ways to adapt the infected cells to their needs, but knowledge about these transcriptional and post-transcriptional modifications is sparse.Here, we show that HSV-1 induces the expression of about 1000 antisense transcripts from the human host cell genome. A subset of these is also activated by the closely related varicella zoster virus. Antisense transcripts originate either at gene promoters or within the gene body, and they show different susceptibility to the inhibition of early and immediate early viral gene expression. Overexpression of the major viral transcription factor ICP4 is sufficient to turn on a subset of antisense transcripts. Histone marks around transcription start sites of HSV-1-induced and constitutively transcribed antisense transcripts are highly similar, indicating that the genetic loci are already poised to transcribe these novel RNAs. Furthermore, an antisense transcript overlapping with the BBC3 gene (also known as PUMA) transcriptionally silences this potent inducer of apoptosis in cis.We show for the first time that a virus induces widespread antisense transcription of the host cell genome. We provide evidence that HSV-1 uses this to downregulate a strong inducer of apoptosis. Our findings open new perspectives on global and specific alterations of host cell transcription by viruses.
Length of Survival of Mice With Induced Subcutaneous Sarcomas
Authors: Michael B. Shimkin
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1941)

Journal Article Length of Survival of Mice With Induced Subcutaneous Sarcomas Get access Michael B. Shimkin Michael B. Shimkin assistant surgeon National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 1, Issue 6, June 1941, Pages 761–765, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/1.6.761 Published: 01 June 1941
Histopathological Findings in Brain Tissue Obtained during Epilepsy Surgery
Authors: Ingmar Blumcke, Roberto Spreafico, Gerrit Haaker, Roland Coras, Katja Kobow, Christian G. Bien, Margarete Pfäfflin, Christian Elger, Guido Widman, Johannes Schramm, Albert Becker, Kees P. Braun, Frans Leijten, Johannes C. Baayen, Eleonora Aronica, Francine Chassoux, Hajo Hamer, Hermann Stefan, Karl Rössler, Maria Thom, Matthew C. Walker, Sanjay M. Sisodiya, John S. Duncan, Andrew W. McEvoy, Tom Pieper, Hans Holthausen, Manfred Kudernatsch, H. Joachim Meencke, Philippe Kahane, Andreas Schulze-Bonhage, Josef Zentner, Dieter H. Heiland, Horst Urbach, Bernhard J. Steinhoff, Thomas Bast, Laura Tassi, Giorgio Lo Russo, Cigdem Özkara, Buge Oz, Pavel Krsek, Silke Vogelgesang, Uwe Runge, Holger Lerche, Yvonne Weber, Mrinalini Honavar, José Pimentel, Alexis Arzimanoglou, Adriana Ulate-Campos, Soheyl Noachtar, Elisabeth Hartl, Olaf Schijns, Renzo Guerrini, Carmen Barba, Thomas S. Jacques, J. Helen Cross, Martha Feucht, Angelika Mühlebner, Thomas Grunwald, Eugen Trinka, Peter A. Winkler, Antonio Gil-Nagel, Rafael Toledano Delgado, Thomas Mayer, Martin Lutz, Basilios Zountsas, Kyriakos Garganis, Felix Rosenow, Anke Hermsen, Tim J. von Oertzen, Thomas L. Diepgen, Giuliano Avanzini
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

Detailed neuropathological information on the structural brain lesions underlying seizures is valuable for understanding drug-resistant focal epilepsy.We report the diagnoses made on the basis of resected brain specimens from 9523 patients who underwent epilepsy surgery for drug-resistant seizures in 36 centers from 12 European countries over 25 years. Histopathological diagnoses were determined through examination of the specimens in local hospitals (41%) or at the German Neuropathology Reference Center for Epilepsy Surgery (59%).The onset of seizures occurred before 18 years of age in 75.9% of patients overall, and 72.5% of the patients underwent surgery as adults. The mean duration of epilepsy before surgical resection was 20.1 years among adults and 5.3 years among children. The temporal lobe was involved in 71.9% of operations. There were 36 histopathological diagnoses in seven major disease categories. The most common categories were hippocampal sclerosis, found in 36.4% of the patients (88.7% of cases were in adults), tumors (mainly ganglioglioma) in 23.6%, and malformations of cortical development in 19.8% (focal cortical dysplasia was the most common type, 52.7% of cases of which were in children). No histopathological diagnosis could be established for 7.7% of the patients.In patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy requiring surgery, hippocampal sclerosis was the most common histopathological diagnosis among adults, and focal cortical dysplasia was the most common diagnosis among children. Tumors were the second most common lesion in both groups. (Funded by the European Union and others.).
Retrospective analysis on usefulness of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy for neuroendocrine neoplasm
Authors: Takeshi Yamada, Yoshiyuki Yamamoto, Naoyuki Hasegawa, Kazunori Ishige, Kuniaki Fukuda, Toshikazu Moriwaki, Ichinosuke Hyodo
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Abstract 15160: Prognostic Value of Left Ventricular Strain in Takotsubo Syndrome
Authors: Andre Dias, Manolo Rubio, Emiliana Franco, Vikas Bhalla, Parasuram Krishnamoorthy, Gregg Pressman, Kathy Hebert, Vincent M Figueredo
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) is a peculiar condition resembling an acute coronary syndrome and mostly affecting postmenopausal women after a stressful trigger. TTS was initially thought t...
Plasma Selenoprotein P levels are related to adipose tissue insulin resistance, composition of free fatty acids and liver fibrosis in non-diabetic patients with Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Rosso Chiara, Younes Ramy, Carli Fabrizia, Gaggini Melania, Mezzabotta Lavinia, Marietti Milena, Salomone Federico, Gambino Roberto, Saba Francesca, Buzzigoli Emma, Ciociaro Demetrio, Gian Paolo Caviglia, Morello Elisabetta, Maria Lorena Abate, Smedile Antonina, Ciancio Alessia, Cassader Maurizio, Giorgio Maria Saracco, Gastaldelli Amalia, Bugianesi Elisabetta
Journal: Hepatology (2017)
A lesson from inappropriate single closure of a perforation during endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Yukie Sunata, Toshihiro Nishizawa, Satoshi Kinoshita, Kaoru Takabayashi, Toshio Uraoka
Journal: Endoscopy (2017)

We report repeated perforations during colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and successful endoscopic closure.
The Practice and Implications of Finding Fluid During Point-of-Care Ultrasonography
Authors: Rachel B. Liu, Joseph H. Donroe, Robert L. McNamara, Howard P. Forman, Chris L. Moore
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) is an increasingly affordable and portable technology that is an important part of 21st-century medicine. When appropriately used, POCUS has the potential to expedite diagnosis and improve procedural success and safety. POCUS is now being adopted in medical education as early as the first year of medical school. While potentially powerful and versatile, POCUS is a user-dependent technology that has not been formalized or standardized yet within internal medicine residency training programs. Physicians and residency directors are trying to determine whether to incorporate POCUS, and if so, how. In this systematic review, basic concepts and applications of POCUS are examined, as are issues surrounding training and implementation.A key use of POCUS is to detect fluid, and this is a cornerstone of POCUS teaching. Even in inexperienced hands, POCUS has shown to be more sensitive and specific than physical examination for conditions such as ascites, pleural effusion, and pericardial effusion. Detecting fluid requires a basic understanding of ultrasonography operation, sonographic anatomy, and probe orientation. Once fluid is localized, ultrasonographic guidance can increase success and decrease complications of common procedures such as thoracentesis or paracentesis.POCUS can augment physical examination and procedural efficacy but requires appropriate education and program setup. As POCUS continues to spread, internal medicine physicians need to clarify how they intend to use this technology. Equipment is now increasingly accessible, but programs need to determine how to allocate time and resources to training, clinical use, and quality assurance. Programs that develop robust implementation processes that establish proper scope of practice and include quality assurance that use image archival and feedback can ensure POCUS will positively impact patient care across hospital systems.
Germinal Center B Cells Are Essential for Collagen‐Induced Arthritis
Authors: Albert Dahdah, Katrin Habir, Kutty Selva Nandakumar, Amit Saxena, Bingze Xu, Rikard Holmdahl, Stephen Malin
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2017)

Objective Rheumatoid arthritis ( RA ) is considered to be a prototypical autoimmune disorder. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the known pathologic function of B cells in RA , including antigen presentation, cytokine secretion, and humoral immunity. The aim of this study was to address the function of B lymphocytes in experimental arthritis. Methods We mapped the adaptive immune response following collagen‐induced arthritis ( CIA ). We subsequently monitored these responses and disease outcomes in genetically modified mouse strains that lack mature B cell or germinal center ( GC ) functionality in a B cell–intrinsic manner. Results Following primary immunization, the draining lymph nodes broadly reacted against type II collagen ( CII ) with the formation of GC s and T cell activation. Mice that lacked mature B cell function were fully protected against CIA and had a severely attenuated ability to mount isotype‐switched humoral immune responses against CII . Almost identical results were observed in mice that were selectively deficient in GC responses. Importantly, GC ‐deficient mice were fully susceptible to collagen antibody–induced arthritis. Conclusion We identified GC formation and anticollagen antibody production as the key pathogenic functions of B cells in CIA . The role of B cells in RA is likely to be more complex. However, targeting the GC reaction could allow for therapeutic interventions that are more refined than general B cell depletion.
TCT-402 Differential Late Stent Enlargement and Vascular Response Following New-Generation Self-Expanding Stent Implantation in Tapered Peripheral Arteries: Insights from Serial Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Masayasu Ikutomi, Kozo Okada, Kojiro Miki, Ryo Kameda, Fumiyuki Otsuka, Paul G. Yock, Peter J. Fitzgerald, Osami Kawarada, Yasuhiro Honda
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Meiosis-like Functions in Oncogenesis: A New View of Cancer
Authors: Ramsay J. McFarlane, Jane A. Wakeman
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Cancer cells have many abnormal characteristics enabling tumors to grow, spread, and avoid immunologic and therapeutic destruction. Central to this is the innate ability of populations of cancer cells to rapidly evolve. One feature of many cancers is that they activate genes that are normally associated with distinct developmental states, including germ cell-specific genes. This has historically led to the proposal that tumors take on embryonal characteristics, the so called embryonal theory of cancer. However, one group of germline genes, not directly associated with embryonic somatic tissue genesis, is the one that encodes the specific factors to drive the unique reductional chromosome segregation of meiosis I, which also results in chromosomal exchanges. Here, we propose that meiosis I-specific modulators of reductional segregation can contribute to oncogenic chromosome dynamics and that the embryonal theory for cancer cell growth/proliferation is overly simplistic, as meiotic factors are not a feature of most embryonic tissue development. We postulate that some meiotic chromosome-regulatory functions contribute to a soma-to-germline model for cancer, in which activation of germline (including meiosis) functions drive oncogenesis, and we extend this to propose that meiotic factors could be powerful sources of targets for therapeutics and biomonitoring in oncology. Cancer Res; 77(21); 5712-6. ©2017 AACR.