tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Appendectomy Outcomes Between Senior General Surgeons and General Surgery Residents
Authors: Baha Siam, Abbas Al-Kurd, Natalia Simanovsky, Haitham Awesat, Yahav Cohn, Brigitte Helou, Ahmed Eid, Haggi Mazeh
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2017)

In some centers, the presence of a senior general surgeon (SGS) is obligatory in every procedure, including appendectomy, while in others it is not. There is a relative paucity in the literature of reports comparing the outcomes of appendectomies performed by unsupervised general surgery residents (GSRs) with those performed in the presence of an SGS.To compare the outcomes of appendectomies performed by SGSs with those performed by GSRs.A retrospective analysis was performed of all patients 16 years or older operated on for assumed acute appendicitis between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2015. The cohort study compared appendectomies performed by SGSs and GSRs in the general surgical department of a teaching hospital.The primary outcome measured was the postoperative early and late complication rates. Secondary outcomes included time from emergency department to operating room, length of surgery, surgical technique (open or laparoscopic), use of laparoscopic staplers, and overall duration of postoperative antibiotic treatment.Among 1649 appendectomy procedures (mean [SD] patient age, 33.7 [13.3] years; 612 female [37.1%]), 1101 were performed by SGSs and 548 by GSRs. Analysis demonstrated no significant difference between the SGS group and the GSR group in overall postoperative early and late complication rates, the use of imaging techniques, time from emergency department to operating room, percentage of complicated appendicitis, postoperative length of hospital stay, and overall duration of postoperative antibiotic treatment. However, length of surgery was significantly shorter in the SGS group than in the GSR group (mean [SD], 39.9 [20.9] vs 48.6 [20.2] minutes; P < .001).This study demonstrates that unsupervised surgical residents may safely perform appendectomies, with no difference in postoperative early and late complication rates compared with those performed in the presence of an SGS.
Diabetes in elderly patients with breast cancer in the United States: An analysis of data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)–Medicare linked database
Authors: C. D. O'Malley, M. Danese, K. Lindquist, R. Griffiths, M. Gleeson, T. Einhorn, D. Wyszynski
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2009)

11050 Background: Despite increases in both breast cancer and diabetes, little is known about their co-occurrence. With evidence that cancer and diabetes can reflect related processes such as obesity, understanding the prevalence of diabetes in patients with breast cancer is critical. Methods: Using the SEER-Medicare linked database, 52,977 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer at ages 66+ years during 1998–2002 were identified, and a random sample of Medicare beneficiaries without cancer, matched (1:1) on sex and residence county were selected as a comparison cohort. The occurrence of diabetes was defined as ≥1 hospital or ≥2 physician service claims, and the date of cancer diagnosis served as the index date for the breast cancer patient and her matched cancer-free individual. For both cohorts, diabetes prevalence was measured for the ≥12 months prior to the index date, and incidence was estimated for non-diabetic patients during three time periods after the index date (3 months, 12 months, and overall), with follow-up through 2005. Prevalence and incidence rates (per 1,000 person-years) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) are standardized to the age and race distribution of the breast cancer group. Results: Rates were higher in breast cancer patients for all time periods, particularly shortly after diagnosis. This pattern of heightened risk immediately following cancer diagnosis held when rates were stratified by age, stage, and race/ethnicity.For both cohorts, diabetes incidence was typically two times greater in Blacks and Hispanics compared to Whites. Conclusions: Older women with breast cancer are at increased risk for diabetes, suggesting that there may be shared biologic pathways such as insulin, INSR, IGF-1, and IGF-1R. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Erratum. Sitagliptin Attenuates the Progression of Carotid Intima-Media Thickening in Insulin-Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: The Sitagliptin Preventive Study of Intima-Media Thickness Evaluation (SPIKE). A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Care 2016;39:455–464
Authors: Tomoya Mita, Naoto Katakami, Toshihiko Shiraiwa, Hidenori Yoshii, Tomio Onuma, Nobuichi Kuribayashi, Takeshi Osonoi, Hideaki Kaneto, Keisuke Kosugi, Yutaka Umayahara, Tsunehiko Yamamoto, Kazunari Matsumoto, Hiroki Yokoyama, Mamiko Tsugawa, Masahiko Gosho, Iichiro Shimomura, Hirotaka Watada
Journal: Diabetes Care (2017)

In the Research Design and Methods section of the article mentioned above, the measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was described as follows: “The software system averages …
TCTAP A-088 Quantitative Optical Coherence Tomographic Findings After Paclitaxel-coated Balloon Angioplasty for Drug-eluting Stent Restenosis
Authors: Katsuya Miura, Takeshi Tada, Takenobu Shimada, Masanobu Ohya, Hidewo Amano, Shunsuke Kubo, Yusuke Hyodo, Habara Seiji, Tsuyoshi Goto, Kazushige Kadota
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
NAIP-NLRC4 Inflammasomes Coordinate Intestinal Epithelial Cell Expulsion with Eicosanoid and IL-18 Release via Activation of Caspase-1 and -8
Authors: Isabella Rauch, Katherine A. Deets, Daisy X. Ji, Jakob von Moltke, Jeannette L. Tenthorey, Angus Y. Lee, Naomi H. Philip, Janelle S. Ayres, Igor E. Brodsky, Karsten Gronert, Russell E. Vance
Journal: Immunity (2017)
Few Genes Expression Predicts Outcome in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) with Normal Karyotype.
Authors: Nicolas Boissel, Valeria Biggio, Aline Renneville, Nathalie Philippe, Jean-Michel Cayuela, Selim Corm, Emmanuel Raffoux, Stephane de Botton, Adrienne de Labarthe, Pierre Fenaux, Hervé Dombret, Claude Preudhomme
Journal: Blood (2005)
Allergen-induced Increases in Sputum Levels of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Subjects with Asthma
Authors: Ruchong Chen, Steven G. Smith, Brittany Salter, Amani El-Gammal, John Paul Oliveria, Caitlin Obminski, Rick Watson, Paul M. O’Byrne, Gail M. Gauvreau, Roma Sehmi
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2017)

Rationale: Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), a major source of type 2 cytokines, initiate eosinophilic inflammatory responses in murine models of asthma.Objectives: To investigate the role of ILC2 in allergen-induced airway eosinophilic responses in subjects with atopy and asthma.Methods: Using a diluent-controlled allergen challenge crossover study, where all subjects (n = 10) developed allergen-induced early and late responses, airway eosinophilia, and increased methacholine airway responsiveness, bone marrow, blood, and sputum samples were collected before and after inhalation challenge.Measurements and Main Results: ILC2 (lin−FcεRI−CD45+CD127+ST2+) and CD4+T lymphocytes were enumerated by flow cytometry, as well as intracellular IL-5 and IL-13 expression. Steroid sensitivity of ILC2 and CD4+ T cells was investigated in vitro. A significant increase in total, IL-5+, IL-13+, and CRTH2+ ILC2 was found in sputum, 24 hours after allergen, coincident with a significant decrease in blood ILC2. Total, IL-5+, and IL-13+, but not CRTH2+, CD4+ T cells significantly increased at 24 and 48 hours after allergen in sputum. In blood and bone marrow, only CD4+ cells demonstrated increased activation after allergen. Airway eosinophilia correlated with IL-5+ ILC2 at all time points and allergen-induced changes in IL-5+ CD4+ cells at 48 hours after allergen. Dexamethasone significantly attenuated IL-2– and IL-33–stimulated IL-5 and IL-13 production by both cell types.Conclusions: Innate and adaptive immune cells are increased in the airways associated with allergic asthmatic responses. Total and type 2 cytokine–positive ILC2 are increased only within the airways, whereas CD4+ T lymphocytes demonstrated local and systemic increases. Steroid sensitivity of both cells may explain effectiveness of this therapy in those with mild asthma.
Differences in mutation patterns of diagnostic versus post-chemotherapy samples in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Authors: William Nassib William, Heidi S. Erickson, Caimiao Wei, Nana Hanson, Ximing Tang, Jaime Rodriguez, Neda Kalhor, J. Jack Lee, Waun Ki Hong, Edward S. Kim, Ignacio Ivan Wistuba
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

8079 Background: Many clinical trials in metastatic NSCLC patients who failed first-line chemotherapy have utilized pre-treatment, diagnostic tissues for marker assessment. BATTLE was a randomized, biopsy-driven clinical study in patients with metastatic NSCLC previously treated with systemic therapy. Fresh biopsies were obtained at the time of enrollment for biomarker evaluation. We hypothesized that molecular abnormalities found at the time of enrolment in BATTLE would differ from baseline, pre-chemotherapy, diagnostic tissue. Methods: We isolated DNA (SPRI-TE-based DNA recovery and cleanup methodology) from 82 matched pre-chemotherapy and BATTLE formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens. Mutations were assessed by MALDI-TOF MS (MassArray, Sequenom Inc) using a lung cancer panel of 16 genes/140 assays (AKT1, BRAF, CTNNB1, EGFR, ERBB2, FGFR3, HRAS, KRAS, MEK1, MEK2, MET, NRAS, PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PTEN, and STK11) and were compared between pre-chemotherapy versus BATTLE samples. Results: Mutations were identified in 25 pre-chemotherapy samples (14 K-RAS, 5 EGFR, 3 PIK3CA, 1 STK11, 1 PTEN, 1 HRAS, 1 CTNNB1). Conversely, 29 BATTLE samples had at least one mutation (14 K-RAS, 7 EGFR, 5 PIK3CA, 2 STK11, 1 PTEN, 1 HRAS, 1 CTNNB1). For the matched pair analysis, 46 patients had wild-type tumors both in pre-chemotherapy and BATTLE samples. 11 patients had wild-type tumors in pre-chemotherapy samples, but had a mutation identified in BATTLE samples (4 K-RAS, 4 EGFR, 2 PIK3CA, 1 STK11). 7 patients had a mutation in pre-chemotherapy samples, but no mutations in BATTLE samples (4 K-RAS, 2 EGFR, 1 HRAS). The remaining 18 patients had mutations in both the pre-chemotherapy and BATTLE samples; of these, 2 had different mutations in the paired samples (both within the same genes, 1 KRAS, 1 PIK3CA). Overall, there was a 24% gene mutation discordance rate between pre-chemotherapy and BATTLE samples. Conclusions: Profiling of fresh biopsies may more accurately reflect molecular abnormalities present in the tumor at the time of initiation of salvage therapy, underscoring the importance of real time tissue collection in biomarker-driven studies in this setting (V Foundation, DoD).
Abstract 86: Catabolic Remodeling of Branched Chain Amino Acids in Heart Failure
Authors: Haipeng Sun, Meiyi Zhou, Chen Gao, Kristine Olson, Ji-Youn Youn, Zhihua Wang, Ying Huang, Shuxun Ren, Hua Cai, Peipei Ping, Christopher Lynch, Yibin Wang
Journal: Circulation Research (2012)

Metabolic remodeling is an integral part of heart failure. Although glucose and fatty acids metabolism have been extensively studied, little is known about the role of amino acids homeostasis in heart physiology and pathology. Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine, isoleucine, and valine, are essential amino acids for both protein synthesis and cellular signaling. Elevated levels of BCAAs have been linked with heart failure. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism and functional significance of abnormal BCAA catabolism in heart failure have not been established. We found that genes involved in BCAA catabolism, including a key regulatory protein PP2Cm, are significantly down-regulated at mRNA as well as protein level in pressure-overload induced failing heart in mice. Furthermore, the concentrations of BCAA catabolic products branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs) are also elevated in heart tissues of post TAC mice. Interestingly, the down-regulation of BCAA catabolic genes mimics a similar expression pattern observed in fetal heart, suggesting that decreased BCAA catabolic activity is part of the metabolic remodeling in pathologically stressed heart from an adult to a fetal-like state. Genetic ablation of PP2Cm in mouse leads to defect in BCAA catabolism and accumulation of BCAAs and BCKAs in cardiac tissue and serum. PP2Cm deficient mice had lower cardiac contractility and higher susceptibility to develop heart failure under pressure overload. In addition, BCKAs treatment to isolated mitochondria resulted in lower oxygen consumption rate and ATP production. PP2Cm deficiency as well as BCKAs treatment induced oxidative stress in cardiomyocyte and antioxidant treatment ameliorated the development of heart failure in PP2Cm deficient animals. Together, these data indicated that BCAA catabolic remodeling is likely an integrated component of metabolic remodeling during heart failure. More importantly, mis-regulation of BCAA catabolism in heart promoted heart failure progression, involving direct impact on mitochondrial function and redox homeostasis in cardiomyocytes.
An Oncofetal Glycosaminoglycan Modification Provides Therapeutic Access to Cisplatin-resistant Bladder Cancer
Authors: Roland Seiler, Htoo Zarni Oo, Davide Tortora, Thomas M. Clausen, Chris K. Wang, Gunjan Kumar, Marina Ayres Pereira, Maj S. Ørum-Madsen, Mette Ø. Agerbæk, Tobias Gustavsson, Mie A. Nordmaj, Jamie R. Rich, Nada Lallous, Ladan Fazli, Sherry S. Lee, James Douglas, Tilman Todenhöfer, Shaghayegh Esfandnia, Dulguun Battsogt, John S. Babcook, Nader Al-Nakouzi, Simon J. Crabb, Igor Moskalev, Bernhard Kiss, Elai Davicioni, George N. Thalmann, Paul S. Rennie, Peter C. Black, Ali Salanti, Mads Daugaard
Journal: European Urology (2017)
New York University sacks professor for refusing flu shot
Authors: Margaret McCartney
Journal: BMJ (2017)

A senior faculty member at New York University School of Medicine has had her appointment terminated because she has not had an influenza vaccination.

Leonore Tiefer, who was a clinical associate professor of psychiatry, had her non-clinical role removed in January after she did not provide evidence of vaccination. A letter from the university stated that “immunization against the flu is critical for the protection of our patients, visitors, and colleagues. Regrettably, since we have not received evidence of your vaccination, your non-compensated faculty appointment will be terminated effective immediately.”

Tiefer, who does not do any clinical work at NYU told The BMJ she was “dismayed and surprised” at the university’s action. “My primary objection is that I am not involved …
Access granted: iRGD helps silicasome-encased drugs breach the tumor barrier
Authors: Erkki Ruoslahti
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2017)

In this issue of the JCI, Liu et al. use irinotecan-loaded nanoparticles to treat pancreatic adenocarcinomas in mice. Encapsulating drugs into nanoparticles has distinct advantages: it can improve the pharmacokinetics of the drug, enhance efficacy, and reduce unwanted side effects. A drawback is that the large size of nanoparticles restricts their access to the tumor interior. Liu and colleagues show that the cyclic tumor-penetrating peptide iRGD, reported to be capable of enhancing tumor penetration by drugs, can overcome this limitation to a substantial degree when administered together with the nanoparticles. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a challenging malignancy to treat and in desperate need for improved treatments; therefore, advances like this are most welcome.
ROS signaling under metabolic stress: cross-talk between AMPK and AKT pathway
Authors: Yang Zhao, Xingbin Hu, Yajing Liu, Shumin Dong, Zhaowei Wen, Wanming He, Shuyi Zhang, Qiong Huang, Min Shi
Journal: Molecular Cancer (2017)

Cancer cells are frequently confronted with metabolic stress in tumor microenvironments due to their rapid growth and limited nutrient supply. Metabolic stress induces cell death through ROS-induced apoptosis. However, cancer cells can adapt to it by altering the metabolic pathways. AMPK and AKT are two primary effectors in response to metabolic stress: AMPK acts as an energy-sensing factor which rewires metabolism and maintains redox balance. AKT broadly promotes energy production in the nutrient abundance milieu, but the role of AKT under metabolic stress is in dispute. Recent studies show that AMPK and AKT display antagonistic roles under metabolic stress. Metabolic stress-induced ROS signaling lies in the hub between metabolic reprogramming and redox homeostasis. Here, we highlight the cross-talk between AMPK and AKT and their regulation on ROS production and elimination, which summarizes the mechanism of cancer cell adaptability under ROS stress and suggests potential options for cancer therapeutics.
Formation and Maintenance of Functional Spines in the Absence of Presynaptic Glutamate Release
Authors: Albrecht Sigler, Won Chan Oh, Cordelia Imig, Bekir Altas, Hiroshi Kawabe, Benjamin H. Cooper, Hyung-Bae Kwon, Jeong-Seop Rhee, Nils Brose
Journal: Neuron (2017)

Dendritic spines are the major transmitter reception compartments of glutamatergic synapses in most principal neurons of the mammalian brain and play a key role in the function of nerve cell circuits. The formation of functional spine synapses is thought to be critically dependent on presynaptic glutamatergic signaling. By analyzing CA1 pyramidal neurons in mutant hippocampal slice cultures that are essentially devoid of presynaptic transmitter release, we demonstrate that the formation and maintenance of dendrites and functional spines are independent of synaptic glutamate release.
Formulation optimization of scutellarin-loaded HP-β-CD/chitosan nanoparticles using response surface methodology with Box–Behnken design
Authors: Shanshan Liu, Paul C. Ho
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2017)

The aim of this paper is to investigate and optimize the preparation of scutellarin (SCU)-loaded HP-β-CD/chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (CD/CS-SCU-NPs). CD/CS-SCU-NPs were prepared by ionic cross-linking method and the process and formulation variables were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) with a three-level, three factor Box-Behnken design (BBD). The independent variables were the added amounts of CS, sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) and Pluronic F-68 during the preparation. Dependent variables (responses) were particle size and entrapment efficiency. Mathematical equations and respond surface plots were used to correlate independent and dependent variables. The preparation process and formulation variables were optimized to achieve minimum particle size and maximum entrapment efficiency by calculating the overall desirability value (OD). The optimized NP formulation was characterized for particle size, PDI, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release. According to the results, an optimized CD/CS-SCU-NP formulation was prepared. Results for particle size, PDI, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency were found to be around 200 nm, 0.5, 25 mV, and 70% respectively. For in vitro study, the release of SCU from the NPs exhibited a biphasic release and was in accordance with Higuchi equation. The optimized preparation was simple with the probability for industrialization. The combination use of RSM, BBD and overall desirability values could provide a promising application for incorporating CD into CS nanoparticles as drug delivery carrier and help develop lab-scale procedures.
The periodontal restorative interface: esthetic considerations
Authors: Vincent Bennani, Hadeel Ibrahim, Latfiya Al‐Harthi, Karl M. Lyons
Journal: Periodontology 2000 (2017)

Abstract Esthetic considerations are a significant contributing factor in the management of prosthodontic cases and an interdisciplinary approach is often necessary to achieve an optimal result. The visible soft‐tissue architecture plays a key role in developing an esthetic smile. Furthermore, an understanding of the relationship between the restorative margin and the gingiva is important for long‐term stability of the result. The gingival architecture and gingival health are important for ensuring optimal esthetics following prosthodontic work and close attention to both soft and hard tissues around the teeth, before, during and after restorative procedures, will greatly improve the likelihood of a successful outcome. Moreover, knowing the options available in periodontal plastic surgery is important in esthetic dentistry today. The relevant literature related to restorative and surgical procedures when performing esthetic dentistry are reviewed in this article, and different approaches are illustrated with appropriate cases to explain the treatment approach that was utilized to improve the esthetic appearance of the case.
Mechanistic correlates of clinical responses to omalizumab in the setting of oral immunotherapy for milk allergy
Authors: Pamela A. Frischmeyer-Guerrerio, Madhan Masilamani, Wenjuan Gu, Erica Brittain, Robert Wood, Jennifer Kim, Kari Nadeau, Kirsi M. Jarvinen, Alexander Grishin, Robert Lindblad, Hugh A. Sampson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2017)
Cost of recurrence among patients with HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Nicole M. Engel-Nitz, Laura Becker, Randall Gerdes, Yanni Hao
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e11504 Background: Although clinical outcomes have been described for patients with early versus late recurring metastatic breast cancer, little information is available on the impact of the timing of recurrence on the associated health care costs. This study aimed to better describe the sub-population differences in costs and mortality in post-menopausal women with HR+/ HER2- metastatic breast cancer. Methods: Health plan-collected and claims data (2007-2013) were used to identify post-menopausal women with newly diagnosed (de novo) stage IV, or early- or late- recurring metastatic breast cancer. Physician-provided information was used to identify initial diagnosis date, stage at diagnosis, and HR and HER2 status. Medical and pharmacy claims were used to identify patient characteristics, timing of metastatic cancer, treatment patterns, and health care costs and utilization. Mortality was assessed using Cox proportional hazards model, and costs assessed using generalized linear models; models adjusted for demographics, initial location of metastases, and timing of recurrence (de novo, early, or late). Results: Compared with de novo (121 patients), late (106 patients) and early recurrent (172 patients) had higher proportions of patients with brain metastases at initial metastatic diagnosis. Early recurrent patients had significantly higher costs in total (all-cause and cancer-related) and for anti-cancer systemic agents compared with the other cohorts. Adjusted per patient per month costs for early recurrent patients were $13,404, versus $9,955 (de novo) and $9,721 (late recurrent) (p = 0.02). Early Recurrent patients’ hazard of death was twice that of De Novo patients (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Compared with new diagnosis or late recurrence, early recurrence of HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer was associated with higher mortality and health care costs.