tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery (Japanese Version)
Authors: Steven L. Cohn
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2016)

In the Clinic6 December 2016Preoperative Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery (Japanese Version)Correction(s) for this article:CorrectionsNov 2022Correction: Japanese Translations of In the ClinicFREESteven L. Cohn, MD, FACP, SFHMSteven L. Cohn, MD, FACP, SFHMSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/IsTranslatedFrom_AITC201612060_Japanese SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Editors' Note: This article (available in PDF format) is the translated Japanese version of In the Clinic: Preoperative Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery (Cohn SL. Preoperative Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery. Ann Intern Med. 2016;165:ITC81-ITC96. doi:10.7326/AITC201612060). Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Correction: This article was updated on 1 November 2022 to remove the glossary of terms, which was not present on the original publication, and to indicate the translators of the article.Funding Source: American College of Physicians.Disclosures: Dr. Cohn, ACP Contributing Author, has disclosed no conflicts of interest. The form can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M16-2035.With the assistance of additional physician writers, the editors of Annals of Internal Medicine develop In the Clinic using MKSAP and other resources of the American College of Physicians.In the Clinic does not necessarily represent official ACP clinical policy. For ACP clinical guidelines, please go to https://www.acponline.org/clinical_information/guidelines/. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoPreoperative Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery Steven L. Cohn Correction: Japanese Translations of In the Clinic Metrics Cited byCorrection: Japanese Translations of In the ClinicPerioperative Assessment and Risk Stratification 6 December 2016Volume 165, Issue 11Page: JITC81-JITC96 ePublished: 22 August 2018 Issue Published: 6 December 2016 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2016 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Abstract 15148: A Small Molecule Derived From Carboxyethylpyrrole Protein Adducts Promotes Angiogenesis in a Mouse Model of Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Ngan F Huang, Luqia Hou, Shibing Tang, Cynthia Alcazar, Zachary Strassberg, Prajakta Joshi, Masashi Kawamura, Y J Woo
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: ω-(2-carboxyethyl)pyrrole (CEP) protein adducts are the end products of lipid oxidation associated with inflammation, and they are key players in orchestrating angiogenesis in patholo...
Primary Prevention of Perpetration and Experience of Forced Sex for South African Youth Requires Careful Attention to Risk in Context
Authors: Sheana Salyers Bull, Michele L. Ybarra
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2018)

In the study by Jemmott and colleagues, 1 we learn about the impact of Let Us Protect Our Future, an HIV risk-reduction program on youths' risk for perpetrating forced sex.This is a secondary data analysis of data from a cluster randomized trial.The curriculum was grounded in social science theory
Abstract 16064: Effect of Intensive versus Moderate Lipid-Lowering Therapy on the Progression of Coronary Lipid-Rich Plaque: A Prospective, Randomized, Serial Combined Optical Coherence Tomography and Intravascular Ultrasound Study
Authors: Jingbo Hou, Haibo Jia, Sining Hu, Lei Xing, Shuang Yang, Shaosong Zhang, Bo Yu, Ik-Kyung Jang
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Background: Despite dramatic improvements in clinical outcome, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) trials have shown minimal improvement of atheroma volume with statin therapy. Changes in plaque composition rather than plaque volume may contribute to the marked clinical benefit. Objectives: To assess the effect of intensive versus moderate lipid-lowering therapy on fibrous cap thickness (FCT) by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and percent atheroma volume (PAV) by IVUS. Methods: The patients with ≥1 non-treated lipid-rich plaque (LRP) with moderate stenosis were randomized to receive atorvastatin 60 mg (AT60), or atorvastatin 20 mg (AT20). OCT and IVUS imaging were performed at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. The primary endpoint was the change in FCT. The secondary endpoints were the change in PAV and the percent change in normalized total atheroma volume (%NTAV). Sixty-six LRP in 46 patients defined by OCT were studied. Results: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was reduced significantly in both groups at 6 months; however, there was no further reduction at 12 months (Fig A, C). OCT demonstrated a continuous increase in FCT over time in both groups, with greater increase in the AT60 group than the AT20 group at 6 months (139.7±160.9% vs. 68.1±83.9%, p=0.021) and 12 months (211.3±125.4% vs. 120.2±136.9%, p&lt;0.0001) (Fig B, D). IVUS showed no significant changes in PAV and NTAV over time in two groups. The changes in PAV were similar between the two groups at 6 months (-0.48±3.4% in AT60 vs. 0.28±5.2% in AT20, p=0.50) and 12 months (-0.26±4.3% vs. 0.11±4.1%, p=0.73). %NTAV were also comparable between the two groups at 6 months and at 12 months. Conclusions: Intensive atorvastatin therapy induces more rapid and effective stabilization of coronary lipid-rich plaques by increasing FCT, as compared with moderate atorvastatin therapy. IVUS analysis did not show significant change in plaque volume over time in both groups.
A Novel Microtubule Inhibitor Overcomes Multidrug Resistance in Tumors
Authors: Nannan Ning, Yamei Yu, Min Wu, Ruihong Zhang, Ting Zhang, Changjun Zhu, Lei Huang, Cai-Hong Yun, Cyril H. Benes, Jianming Zhang, Xianming Deng, Qiang Chen, Ruibao Ren
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Microtubule inhibitors as chemotherapeutic drugs are widely used for cancer treatment. However, the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer is a major challenge for microtubule inhibitors in their clinical implementation. From a high-throughput drug screen using cells transformed by oncogenic RAS, we identify a lead heteroaryl amide compound that blocks cell proliferation. Analysis of the structure-activity relationship indicated that this series of scaffolds (exemplified by MP-HJ-1b) represents a potent inhibitor of tumor cell growth. MP-HJ-1b showed activities against a panel of more than 1,000 human cancer cell lines with a wide variety of tissue origins. This compound depolymerized microtubules and affected spindle formation. It also induced the spike-like conformation of microtubules in vitro and in vivo, which is different from typical microtubule modulators. Structural analysis revealed that this series of compounds bound the colchicine pocket at the intra-dimer interface, although mostly not overlapping with colchicine binding. MP-HJ-1b displayed favorable pharmacological properties for overcoming tumor MDR, both in vitro and in vivo Taken together, our data reveal a novel scaffold represented by MP-HJ-1b that can be developed as a cancer therapeutic against tumors with MDR.Significance: Paclitaxel is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug in patients with multiple types of cancer. However, resistance to paclitaxel is a challenge. This study describes a novel class of microtubule inhibitors with the ability to circumvent multidrug resistance across multiple tumor cell lines. Cancer Res; 78(20); 5949-57. ©2018 AACR.
Ebola: new Congo epidemic grows as conflict hampers aid efforts
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2018)

The second Ebola virus outbreak this year in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) is already nearly twice as deadly as the first and shows no signs of slowing as aid workers fear that the disease is spreading in inaccessible “red zones,” where security is too precarious for health workers to operate.

The DRC’s health ministry currently estimates 90 cases (63 confirmed, 27 suspected) and 49 deaths in an outbreak centred on the troubled North Kivu province, a densely populated region of farmland near …
Iron and Cancer
Authors: Suzy V. Torti, David H. Manz, Bibbin T. Paul, Nicole Blanchette-Farra, Frank M. Torti
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2018)

This review explores the multifaceted role that iron has in cancer biology. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between excess iron and increased cancer incidence and risk, while experimental studies have implicated iron in cancer initiation, tumor growth, and metastasis. The roles of iron in proliferation, metabolism, and metastasis underpin the association of iron with tumor growth and progression. Cancer cells exhibit an iron-seeking phenotype achieved through dysregulation of iron metabolic proteins. These changes are mediated, at least in part, by oncogenes and tumor suppressors. The dependence of cancer cells on iron has implications in a number of cell death pathways, including ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death. Uniquely, both iron excess and iron depletion can be utilized in anticancer therapies. Investigating the efficacy of these therapeutic approaches is an area of active research that promises substantial clinical impact.
Multidrug resistant TB: fully oral regimens should help improve compliance, says WHO
Authors: Declan Murphy
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Most patients with multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) should be able to get effective treatment from a fully oral drug regimen, the World Health Organization has said.

The agency has issued a rapid communication about treating MDR-TB after evaluating the latest evidence.1 It said that the new advice should inform TB managers and others to start planning towards implementing …
Striving for Ideal Cardiovascular and Brain Health
Authors: Jeffrey L. Saver, Mary Cushman
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Abstract 16838: Circulating miRNAs Can Predict Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipients in a Sex-dependent Manner
Authors: Scott R Auerbach, Shelley D Miyamoto, Anis Karimpour-Fard, Jane Gralla, Brian L Stauffer, Carmen C Sucharov
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding ~22 nucleotide RNAs capable of modulating the expression of many genes. Our hypothesis was that circulating miRs are useful biomarkers of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) in pediatric heart transplant recipients (PHTR). Methods: An array for 765 miRs was performed using the Applied Biosystems technology normalized by a global normalization method as determined by the Expression Suite Software. Serum was obtained from 132 PHTR at the time of routine surveillance catheterization with coronary evaluation (intravascular ultrasound [IVUS] performed if ≥ 25 kg). Rejection free CAV+ patients were matched by age at transplant and time since transplant to CAV- controls. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test. Results: Samples were analyzed from 32 CAV+ PHTR matched to 17 CAV-controls. There were no significant differences between expression of miRs between CAV+ and CAV- PHTR alone, but differences in expression were found when PHTR were separated by sex. miRs significantly upregulated in females (F) included miRs-636 (F with both IVUS and angiographic CAV; p=0.008), -636 and -523 (F with a maximal intimal thickness [MIT] of ≥ 0.5mm; p=0.008 and 0.01, respectively), and -509 and -636 (F with any diagnosis of CAV; p=0.01 and p=0.01, respectively). miRs significantly upregulated in males (M) included miRs-422a (M with both IVUS and angiographic CAV; p=0.007), -422a and let-7e (M with a MIT of ≥ 0.5mm; p=0.003 and p=0.01, respectively), and -422a (M with any diagnosis of CAV; p=0.002). miR-19a was significantly downregulated in in M with any diagnosis of CAV (p=0.04). Boxplots highlighting differential expression of miRs by sex in CAV are shown in Figure 1. Conclusions: miRs are differentially expressed between PHTR with CAV on the basis of sex. A unique biomarker signature of miRs that are specific to PHTR with CAV would be valuable in the risk stratification of this challenging patient population.
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in the Rat
Authors: Stevenberkov
Journal: Circulation Research (1974)

In isolated blood-perfused rat lungs, brief periods of ventilation hypoxia (2% O2) produce pulmonary vasoconstriction. In isolated lungs perfused with a salt-albumin solution, hypoxia produces no pulmonary vasoconstrictor responses in most preparations and only minimal responses in others. Vasoactive agents including angiotensin II, phenylephrine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, bradykinin, histamine, serotonin, and methoxamine were added to the salt-albumin perfusate to determine which substance, if any, was necessary for a pulmonary vasoconstrictor response during hypoxia. The addition of angiotensin II (12-120 nM) to the perfusate during hypoxia resulted in marked pulmonary vasoconstriction in proportion to the amount of angiotensin II added (a maximal response to hypoxia occurred with 120 nM angiotensin II). None of the other agents had the same effect, nor was their vasoactivity dependent on angiotensin II. Angiotensin II augmented the hypoxic response in doses that are themselves subpressor; tachyphyla...
Stimulating Dialogue Through Treatment of Poststroke Aphasia With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
Authors: Steven C. Cramer
Journal: JAMA Neurology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Neurology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Neurology journal
Outcomes of 47 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection treated for breast cancer: A 20-year experience.
Authors: Roberto Enrique Ochoa, Christos Kyriakopoulos, Judith Hurley
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

1071 Background: Patients (pts) with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are living longer and non-AIDS defining malignancies have been increasingly reported in these patients. Methods: Retrospective review identified 47 pts with breast cancer (BC) and HIV who were seen at the University of Miami Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center/Jackson Memorial Hospital between January 1999 and June 2011. Results: Pt characteristics: 46 female, 1 male, mean age 46 years (range 31-65). Race: African American 79%, Caucasian 21%. Ethnic: Hispanics 14%, non-Hispanics 86%. Premenopausal 68% postmenopausal 32%. Tumor characteristics: Stage: Tis 4%, Stage I: 6 % , Stage II: 38%, Stage III: 38%, Stage IV: 9%. ER positive (50%) her-2 positive (15%), Triple negative (21%). HIV characteristics: 36 pts with HIV before or concurrent with the diagnosis of BC. 6 pts diagnosed with HIV within 1 year of BC diagnosis. HIV dx date unavailable in 5 pts. 27% had AIDS. CD4 counts (in cells/µL)were: &gt; 500 (23%); 201-500 (37%), 51 – 200 (20%) &lt; 50 (20%). 15 pts were diagnosed with BC in preHAART era. Of those dx with BC after 1996, 60% were on HAART. BC treatment: 43 pts had localized disease. 32 underwent modified radical mastectomy, 8 breast conservation and 3 pts refused surgery. 26 pts received curative or palliative chemotherapy. Complications of BC treatment: serious side effects were reported in 11 (42%) including neutropenic fever/sepsis (10 pts), ARDS (1 pt). Zoster infection was reported in 12% of the pts. 3 patients developed rapidly progressive and fatal AIDS within 6 months of completion of chemotherapy. Survival: See Table. Conclusions: BC in patients with HIV infection spans the spectrum of BC presentations. Hormonal therapy, surgery and radiation therapy were well tolerated. Infectious complications were common in patients treated with chemotherapy and routine use of growth factors and prophylactic acyclovir should be considered. [Table: see text]
Lower airway microbiota for ‘biomarker’ measurements of cystic fibrosis disease progression?
Authors: Laura J Sherrard, Scott C Bell
Journal: Thorax (2018)

A series of studies in recent years have performed culture-independent methodologies, such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing of bacterial DNA extracted from patient clinical samples, to infer the microbiota of different human niches and to differentiate between health and disease. Such studies of respiratory samples from people with cystic fibrosis (CF) have demonstrated that the lower airway microbiota evolves with age. Importantly, increased bacterial richness during early life progresses to a loss in bacterial community diversity and increased dominance by the common and historically recognised CF taxa such as Pseudomonas and Burkholderia .1–4 The latter features are also typical of those with the most advanced or progressive respiratory disease and are likely to be at least, in part, driven by antibiotic exposure.1 The lower airway microbiota has also been compared between disease stability and pulmonary exacerbations and changes in the relative abundance of taxa may be indicative of the onset of an exacerbation in some patients.5 Despite these important findings, it remains unclear how knowledge of the lower airway microbiota could be exploited in routine clinical practice.

Given the paucity of longitudinal culture-independent studies of the CF lower airway microbiota and associations with clinical outcomes, the paper by Acosta and colleagues published in Thorax this month is timely.6 The work provides evidence that ecological indices calculated from the lower airway microbiota could potentially be applied as ‘biomarkers’ to predict those who are at risk of early disease progression.

In the study,6 16S rRNA gene sequencing of biobanked sputum samples, collected prospectively over two decades from a cohort of 104 clinically stable young adults with CF (18–22 years old), was performed and related to clinical outcomes in years following sample collection. The primary outcome was end-stage lung disease (death or lung transplantation <25 years) and the secondary outcomes were accelerated …
Abstract 12910: The Utility of Automatic Cardiology Referral for Patients With Heart Failure at a Tertiary Academic Medical Center: The Automated MEdical Record driven Implantable CArdioverter-defibrillator Heart Failure Pilot Study (AMERICA-HF Study)
Authors: Adam S Barnett, Albert Sun, Jason Koontz, Zubin J Eapen, Chetan B Patel, Eric J Velazquez, Brett D Atwater
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Patients with heart failure (HF) receive guideline-recommended therapies more frequently when treated by specialists in cardiology. However, a significant percentage of HF patients are not referred to cardiology. In addition, implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy remains underutilized in the general HF population. Hypothesis: Automatic referral of patients with HF to a general cardiologist or electrophysiologist using the electronic medical record (EMR) improves utilization of guideline-recommended therapies. Methods: In this pilot study, we determined the proportion of HF patients actively receiving outpatient cardiology care at our institution and assessed the utilization of guideline-recommended therapies. Patients with a prior diagnosis of HF who underwent an echocardiogram within the Duke University Health System between August 1, 2013 and July 31, 2014 were identified by retrospective EMR search. Patients with an ejection fraction &gt;35% and those deceased at the time of EMR search were excluded. Patients were classified as “cardiology care” based on the attendance of at least one outpatient cardiology visit during the year prior to the echocardiogram or sooner; all other patients were classified as “no cardiology care”. Utilization of medical and device-based HF therapies were assessed in both groups. Results: A total of 1151 patients with a prior diagnosis of HF underwent an echocardiogram during the specified time period. Of these, 425 were eligible for the study. The majority of patients (n=388, 91%) were found to be receiving care from a cardiology provider. Patients receiving cardiology care were more likely to be treated with beta blockers (84% vs. 46%, p&lt;0.0001), ACE inhibitors/ARBs (76% vs. 57%, p=0.01), aldosterone antagonists (52% vs 22%, p&lt;0.0001), and ICDs (71% vs. 38%, p&lt;0.001). In the cardiology care group, the underutilization rate of ICD therapy was 4.4% after accounting for contraindications. Conclusions: The vast majority of HF patients in this study were actively receiving cardiology care. In addition, appropriate ICD utilization was very high in patients managed by cardiology. Therefore, an automatic referral process would be unlikely to improve HF care at our institution.
Abstract 15088: Il-10 Plays an Important Role in the Pathogenesis of High-Fat-Diet-Induced Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Yumi Ishii, Hidekazu Kondo, Ichitaro Abe, Shotaro Saito, Akira Fukui, Yasushi Teshima, Kunio Yufu, Naohiko Takahashi
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: Obesity, characterized by systemic low-grade inflammation, is a risk factor of atrial fibrillation (AF). Inflammation plays a critical role in adverse cardiac remodeling. Therefore, approaches to inhibit inflammation may provide therapeutic benefits. We tested the hypotheses that genetic deletion of interleukin-10 (IL-10), a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, exacerbates high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced atrial inflammation, lipidosis, fibrosis, and fibrillation and that IL-10 therapy inhibits this pathology. Methods: Six-week old male CL57/B6 mice and IL-10 knockout (KO) mice were divided into 12-week-HFD group and the 12-week-normal-fat-diet (NFD) group respectively. In addition, the effect of IL-10 administration was also investigated. Results: Adverse atrial remodeling, including atrial inflammation, lipidosis, fibrosis was induced in wild-type (WT) and IL-10 KO mice by HFD. In addition, vulnerability to atrial fibrillation, which includes exacerbated atrial conduction disturbance, shortening of...