tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Role of adjuvant chemotherapy following chemoradiation and surgery for locoregionally advanced rectal cancer: A Veterans Health Administration analysis.
Authors: Daphna Spiegel, Matthew Boyer, Julian C. Hong, Christina D. Williams, Michael J. Kelley, Fatima A. Rangwala, Joseph Kamel Salama, Manisha Palta
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

741 Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) following chemoradiation (CRT) and total mesorectal excision (TME) for locoregionally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is a standard of care in the United States despite limited data. The purpose of this study was to examine the role, optimal regimen, and duration of AC in the mandatory, prospectively collected cancer registry of the largest integrated health system in the US. Methods: Using the VA Central Cancer Registry, stage II-III rectal cancer patients diagnosed between 1/2001-4/2011 were included if they received neoadjuvant CRT followed by TME with or without AC. Adequate chemotherapy was defined as at least 4 months of therapy. Kaplan-Meier and Log-Rank tests were used to assess survival. Propensity score (PS) adjustment was performed to compare survival outcomes while adjusting for baseline characteristics, including AJCC stage, age, gender, race, smoking status, and comorbidity. Results: 649 patients were identified; 323 received AC while 326 did not (OBS). Median follow-up was 66 months. Mean age was 63 years. 85.1% were white; 98.8% were male. 49.2% had stage II disease. Median overall survival (OS) for all patients was 92 months; 6-year OS was 56.8%. Median OS was 72 months for the OBS group and not reached (NR) for the AC group (p &lt; 0.001). OS at 6 years was 49.5% for OBS and 64.1% for AC (p &lt; 0.0001). On PS matched analysis, OS was improved favoring AC (p &lt; 0.0001). Median disease-specific survival (DSS) was NR for the whole group and NR for the OBS and AC groups. 6-year DSS was 73.6% for the whole group and 67.9% for OBS vs. 79.2% for AC (p &lt; 0.001). PS matched analysis for DSS favored AC (p = 0.0004). There was no significant difference in OS (p = 0.554) or DSS (p = 0.680) when comparing single versus multi-agent chemotherapy and no significant difference in OS (p = 0.766) or DSS (p = 0.271) when comparing adequate ( &gt; / = 4 months) versus inadequate chemotherapy ( &lt; 4 months). Conclusions: In this VA population of LARC patients treated with neoadjuvant CRT followed by TME, the addition of AC was found to improve both OS and DSS compared to OBS. There was no improvement in OS or DSS with the addition of a multi-agent over single-agent chemotherapy.
Longitudinal assessment of ultrasound-guided complementary microRNA therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sayan Mullick Chowdhury, Taehwa Lee, Sunitha V. Bachawal, Rammohan Devulapally, Lotfi Abou-Elkacem, Tristan Alan Yeung, Jennifer Wischhusen, Lu Tian, Jeremy Dahl, Ramasamy Paulmurugan, Juergen Karl Willmann
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2018)
Complex roads from genotype to phenotype in dilated cardiomyopathy: scientific update from the Working Group of Myocardial Function of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Antoine Bondue, Eloisa Arbustini, Anna Bianco, Michele Ciccarelli, Dana Dawson, Matteo De Rosa, Nazha Hamdani, Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner, Benjamin Meder, Adelino F Leite-Moreira, Thomas Thum, Carlo G Tocchetti, Gilda Varricchi, Jolanda Van der Velden, Roddy Walsh, Stephane Heymans
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) frequently affects relatively young, economically, and socially active adults, and is an important cause of heart failure and transplantation. DCM is a complex disease and its pathological architecture encounters many genetic determinants interacting with environmental factors. The old perspective that every pathogenic gene mutation would lead to a diseased heart, is now being replaced by the novel observation that the phenotype depends not only on the penetrance-malignancy of the mutated gene-but also on epigenetics, age, toxic factors, pregnancy, and a diversity of acquired diseases. This review discusses how gene mutations will result in mutation-specific molecular alterations in the heart including increased mitochondrial oxidation (sarcomeric gene e.g. TTN), decreased calcium sensitivity (sarcomeric genes), fibrosis (e.g. LMNA and TTN), or inflammation. Therefore, getting a complete picture of the DCM patient will include genomic data, molecular assessment by preference from cardiac samples, stratification according to co-morbidities, and phenotypic description. Those data will help to better guide the heart failure and anti-arrhythmic treatment, predict response to therapy, develop novel siRNA-based gene silencing for malignant gene mutations, or intervene with mutation-specific altered gene pathways in the heart.This article is part of the Mini Review Series from the Varenna 2017 meeting of the Working Group of Myocardial Function of the European Society of Cardiology.
Games as Tools to Address Conservation Conflicts
Authors: Steve M. Redpath, Aidan Keane, Henrik Andrén, Zachary Baynham-Herd, Nils Bunnefeld, A. Bradley Duthie, Jens Frank, Claude A. Garcia, Johan Månsson, Lovisa Nilsson, Chris R.J. Pollard, O. Sarobidy Rakotonarivo, Carl F. Salk, Henry Travers
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2018)
Blood-induced bone loss in murine hemophilic arthropathy is prevented by blocking the iRhom2/ADAM17/TNF-α pathway
Authors: Coline Haxaire, Narine Hakobyan, Tania Pannellini, Camila Carballo, David McIlwain, Tak W. Mak, Scott Rodeo, Suchitra Acharya, Daniel Li, Jackie Szymonifka, Xiangqian Song, Sébastien Monette, Alok Srivastava, Jane E. Salmon, Carl P. Blobel
Journal: Blood (2018)
Individual Negative Affective Trajectories Can Be Detected during Different Depressive Relapse Prevention Strategies
Authors: Christien Slofstra, Maaike H. Nauta, Laura F. Bringmann, Nicola S. Klein, Casper J. Albers, Nikolaos Batalas, Marieke Wichers, Claudi L.H. Bockting
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2018)
Patient-tailored FOLFIRINOX in the first-line treatment of patients (pts) with advanced pancreatic cancer (PC).
Authors: Ayhan Ulusakarya, Nahla Teyar, Abdoulaye Karaboue, Mazen Haydar, Sarra Krimi, Pamela Biondani, Yusuf Gumus, Watek Almohamad, Jean-Francois Morere
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

499 Background: FOLFIRINOX is an effective reference regimen in the 1 st line treatment of advanced PC, despite its high level of toxicity. We report recent data from pts treated with this regimen at Paul Brousse university hospital. Methods: From January to December 2016, 37 pts with advanced PC received patient-tailored FOLFIRINOX as 1 st line intent to treat chemotherapy. The first 1 to 3 courses were administered without irinotecan if initial serum bilirubin was ≥ 1.5 x upper limit of normal. Oxaliplatin was stopped for severe sensory neuropathy. Initial dose reductions were made according to pt profile (e.g., age, comorbidity) and later due to toxicity. The treatment was continued until surgery or disease progression. Endpoints were time to progression (TTP), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR) and secondary complete resection (R0R1). Results: There were 22 male (59%) and 15 female pts (41%) aged 44 to 81 years (median: 64). They had locally-advanced (18 pts, 49%) and metastatic PC (19 pts, 51%). PC was head, body, tail located in 24 (65%), 8 (22%) and 5 pts (14%) respectively. Biliary stent was placed in 22 pts (59%). Pts had a performance status (PS) of 0 (60%) or 1 (40%). Median treatment duration was 20 weeks for oxaliplatin, 22 weeks for irinotecan, 23 weeks for 5FU. At the cut-off on April 27 th 2017, protocol was ongoing for 11 pts (30%). Median number of cycles was 9 (2-20). Median dose intensity was 29 mg/m 2 /w for oxaliplatin, 57 mg/m 2 /w for irinotecan and 886 mg/m 2 /w for 5FU. We observed 4 CR (11%), 12 PR (32%), 12 SD (32%) and 5 PD (14%). Four pts were not evaluable. ORR was 43%, disease control rate 75%, 11 pts (30%) underwent R0R1 resection. After a median follow-up of 8 months (1 - 16), median TTP and OS were not reached. TTP was associated with body location (HR = 3.5 [95% CL, 1.1-11.0], p = 0.033) and disease stage (HR = 10.5 [2.2-49.5], p = 0.003), a trend was observed with biliary stent placement (HR = 0.4 [0.1-1.1], p = 0.067). Conclusions: Modified FOLFIRINOX with patient-tailored dose adaptations seems to offer better results in pts with advanced PC compared with classic FOLFIRINOX. This strategy deserves prospective evaluation to further improve clinical outcomes in the management of advanced PC.
Colorectal cancer screening: Why do some people never participate? Results from the EDIFICE surveys.
Authors: Jerome Viguier, François Eisinger, Chantal Touboul, Christine Lhomel, Jean F. Morere
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

565 Background: The aim of EDIFICE surveys is to improve insight into the behavior of the French population with regard to cancer prevention and participation in screening programs. Via the colorectal cancer (CRC) screening program, all average-risk individuals in the 50-74-yr age group are invited every 2 years to do a guaiac-based or immunochemical fecal occult blood test. This analysis focuses on lay-population reasons for not undergoing the test. Methods: The 5 th nationwide observational survey was conducted by phone interviews using the quota method. A representative sample of 1299 individuals with no history of cancer (age, 50-74 yrs) was interviewed between 22 November and 7 December 2016. Those who had never undertaken a screening test were asked for their reasons. Results: In total, 64% reported having undergone a screening test (colonoscopy, fecal occult blood test) at least once in their lifetime (coverage). There was a non-significant (NS) increase in coverage rates over the period 2014-2016. In 2016, the most frequently (36%) cited reason for not being screened was “individual negligence/not a priority”. This figure was significantly higher than in 2014 (24%, P &lt; 0.05). Between one in four and one in five respondents answered “no risk factor” in both 2014 and 2016. Approximately one in ten respondents gave “pointlessness” as their reason for not being screened (12% in 2016 vs 8% in 2014, NS) while “fear of the examination or fear of the results”, “reasons related to the physician (he never suggested it” [3.8% in 2016] or “he recommended against screening” [2.5% in 2016]), or “refusal to participate”, all dropped significantly between 2014 and 2016. Conclusions: The issue of “individual negligence” requires further analysis so as to clearly define the categories of individuals who remain unreceptive to screening and identify how best to involve them. The significant mention of “no risk factors” reveals ignorance of the fact that the colorectal cancer screening program actually targets all individuals in a given age group, regardless of individual risk factors. The decrease in reasons involving “fear" or related to the physician may be a result of awareness campaigns and GP mobilization.
The Immune Landscape of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Utility of Cytologic and Histologic Samples Obtained through Minimally Invasive Pulmonary Procedures
Authors: Jason Beattie, Lonny Yarmus, Momen Wahidi, M. Patricia Rivera, Christopher Gilbert, Fabien Maldonado, Kasia Czarnecka, Angela Argento, Alexander Chen, Felix Herth, Daniel H. Sterman
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2018)
The reference epigenome and regulatory chromatin landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Renée Beekman, Vicente Chapaprieta, Núria Russiñol, Roser Vilarrasa-Blasi, Núria Verdaguer-Dot, Joost H. A. Martens, Martí Duran-Ferrer, Marta Kulis, François Serra, Biola M. Javierre, Steven W. Wingett, Guillem Clot, Ana C. Queirós, Giancarlo Castellano, Julie Blanc, Marta Gut, Angelika Merkel, Simon Heath, Anna Vlasova, Sebastian Ullrich, Emilio Palumbo, Anna Enjuanes, David Martín-García, Sílvia Beà, Magda Pinyol, Marta Aymerich, Romina Royo, Montserrat Puiggros, David Torrents, Avik Datta, Ernesto Lowy, Myrto Kostadima, Maša Roller, Laura Clarke, Paul Flicek, Xabier Agirre, Felipe Prosper, Tycho Baumann, Julio Delgado, Armando López-Guillermo, Peter Fraser, Marie-Laure Yaspo, Roderic Guigó, Reiner Siebert, Marc A. Martí-Renom, Xose S. Puente, Carlos López-Otín, Ivo Gut, Hendrik G. Stunnenberg, Elias Campo, Jose I. Martin-Subero
Journal: Nature Medicine (2018)
Contact Lenses Adjust to Sunlight
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
An Overview of Attitudes Toward Genetically Engineered Food
Authors: Sydney E. Scott, Yoel Inbar, Christopher D. Wirz, Dominique Brossard, Paul Rozin
Journal: Annual Review of Nutrition (2018)

Genetically engineered food has had its DNA, RNA, or proteins manipulated by intentional human intervention. We provide an overview of the importance and regulation of genetically engineered food and lay attitudes toward it. We first discuss the pronaturalness context in the United States and Europe that preceded the appearance of genetically engineered food. We then review the definition, prevalence, and regulation of this type of food. Genetically engineered food is widespread in some countries, but there is great controversy worldwide among individuals, governments, and other institutions about the advisability of growing and consuming it. In general, life scientists have a much more positive view of genetically engineered food than laypeople. We examine the bases of lay opposition to genetically engineered food and the evidence for how attitudes change. Laypeople tend to see genetically engineered food as dangerous and offering few benefits. We suggest that much of the lay opposition is morally based. One possibility is that, in some contexts, people view nature and naturalness as sacred and genetically engineered food as a violation of naturalness. We also suggest that for many people these perceptions of naturalness and attitudes toward genetically engineered food follow the sympathetic magical law of contagion, in which even minimal contact between a natural food and an unnatural entity, either a scientist or a piece of foreign DNA, pollutes or contaminates the natural entity and renders it unacceptable or even immoral to consume.
Publication of Randomized Clinical Trials in Pediatric Research
Authors: Leah K. Crockett, George N. Okoli, Christine J. Neilson, Rasheda Rabbani, Ahmed M. Abou-Setta, Terry P. Klassen
Journal: JAMA Network Open (2018)

Nonpublication of research results in considerable research waste and compromises medical evidence and the safety of interventions in child health.To replicate, compare, and contrast the findings of a study conducted 15 years ago to determine the impact of ethical, editorial, and legislative mandates to register and publish findings.In this cohort study, abstracts accepted to the Pediatric Academic Societies (PAS) meetings from May 2008 to May 2011 were screened in duplicate to identify phase 3 randomized clinical trials enrolling pediatric populations. Subsequent publication was ascertained through a search of electronic databases in 2017. Study internal validity was measured using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, the Jadad scale, and allocation concealment, and key variables (eg, trial design and study stage) were extracted. Associations between variables and publication status, time to publication, and publication bias were examined.Publication rate, trial registration rate, study quality, and risk of bias.A total of 177 787 abstracts were indexed in the PAS database. Of these, 3132 were clinical trials, and 129 met eligibility criteria. Of these, 93 (72.1%; 95% CI, 53.8%-79.1%) were published. Compared with the previous analysis, the current analysis showed that fewer studies remained unpublished (183 of 447 [40.9%] vs 36 of 129 [27.9%], respectively; odds ratio [OR], 0.56; 95% CI, 0.36-0.86; P = .008). Fifty-one of 129 abstracts (39.5%) were never registered. Abstracts with larger sample sizes (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.15-3.18; P = .01) and those registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (OR, 13.54; 95% CI, 4.78-38.46; P < .001) were more likely to be published. There were no differences in quality measures, risk of bias, or preference for positive results (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 0.58-4.38; P = .34) between published and unpublished studies. Mean (SE) time to publication following study presentation was 26.48 (1.97) months and did not differ between studies with significant and nonsignificant findings (25.61 vs 26.86 months; P = .93). Asymmetric distribution in the funnel plot (Egger regression, -2.77; P = .04) suggests reduced but ongoing publication bias among published studies. Overall, we observed a reduction in publication bias and in preference for positive findings and an increase in study size and publication rates over time.These results suggest a promising trend toward a reduction in publication bias and nonpublication rates over time and positive impacts of trial registration. Further efforts are needed to ensure the entirety of evidence can be accessed when assessing treatment effectiveness.
New guidance on reflective practice to be published in wake of Bawa-Garba case
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Prominent UK medical bodies are to publish new guidance on reflective practice in response to concerns following the Hadiza Bawa-Garba case.

The General Medical Council, Academy of Medical Royal Colleges, Conference of Postgraduate Medical Deans, and Medical Schools Council will develop joint guidance to be published later this year. It will aim to tackle widespread concern about how doctors’ reflective notes might be used against them, following the conviction for gross …
Topical Sirolimus to Treat Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC)
Authors: Thomas N. Darling
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Lymph Node With the Highest FDG Uptake Predicts Distant Metastasis-Free Survival in Patients With Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Hojin Cho, Sung Hoon Kim, Hyunjeong Kim, Yoon Woo Koh, Se-Heon Kim, Eun Chang Choi, Mijin Yun
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

Distant failure is a major concern in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We evaluated whether the metabolic features on F-FDG PET/CT can predict distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.We retrospectively reviewed 51 patients stage III, IVA, and IVB nasopharyngeal carcinoma who underwent F-FDG PET/CT at staging. The SUVmax for the primary site and the lymph nodes with the highest uptake as well as at the farthest station were divided by the SUVmean of the background liver (TLR, NLR-H, and NLR-F, respectively). The prognostic value of clinicopathologic factors and SUV parameters for predicting DMFS were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Differences in DMFS were examined by the Kaplan-Meier method.In the median follow-up period of 50.4 ± 39.3 months (median ± interquartile range; range, 3.8-130.9), distant metastasis developed in 11 patients (21.6%). In univariate analyses, N stage (N3b) (P = 0.003) and NLR-H >5.70 (P = 0.02) were significant prognostic factors for DMFS, and remained significant in multivariate analysis, whereas TLR (P = 0.18) and NLR-F (P = 0.76) did not. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed significantly poorer DMFS in patients with NLR-H >5.70 than in those with lower NLR-H (≤5.70) (1-year DMFS rate, 84.2% vs 93.5%; P = 0.01).In addition to anatomical N stage, higher NLR-H on pretreatment F-FDG PET/CT is an independent prognostic factor for worse DMFS in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Randomized Trial of the Impact of Empowering Childhood Cancer Survivors With Survivorship Care Plans
Authors: Nina S Kadan-Lottick, Wilhelmenia L Ross, Hannah-Rose Mitchell, Jaime Rotatori, Cary P Gross, Xiaomei Ma
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2018)

A survivorship care plan (SCP), that is, individualized treatment summary and schedule of off-therapy surveillance, will be mandated by January 2019. It is unclear whether SCPs improve adherence to recommended follow-up care in the community. In this trial, we evaluated the impact of randomly assigning childhood cancer survivors to 1) SCPs to be taken to their primary care physician (PCP) to implement or 2) survivorship clinic (SC) on health care quality measures.Eligibility included cancer diagnosis younger than age 18 years (2000-2012), cancer free, one or more years off therapy, and no prior survivorship clinic attendance. At 12 months, the random assignment groups were compared (SCP+PCP vs SC) by intent-to-treat analysis with two-sided statistical tests in terms of patient adherence to guideline-recommended surveillance tests (eg, echocardiogram) and number of newly identified late complications of therapy.From 2011 to 2013, 96 participants (46.9% female, mean age = 15.9 ± 6.1 years) were randomly assigned. Adherence to 14 evaluated guideline-recommended surveillance tests ranged from 0% to 46.9% in the SCP+PCP group (n = 47) and from 50.0% to 86.4% in the SC group (n = 47). Adherence to 10 tests was statistically significantly different between the groups (all P < .05). One mild new late complication was identified in the SCP+PCP group compared with 21 late complications, ranging from mild to severe, identified in 11 patients in the SC group (2.1% vs 23.4% of patients, respectively, P = .003).Our randomized trial suggests that empowering childhood cancer survivors with SCPs to be implemented by their PCPs is not sufficient to meet consensus follow-up recommendations.