tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The relationship between PET-CT images and histopathological features of thyroid incidenteloma, detected during follow-up of primary malignancy.
Authors: Bala Basak Oven Ustaalioglu, zeynep Gamze Kilicoglu, Sule Canberk, mehmet Tarik Tatoglu, Emre Yildirim, Ahmet Bilici
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e17565 Background: The prevelance of thyroid lesion on PET/CT was reported as 4% and malignancy rate was 14-50%. It is difficult to differantiate benign from malignant lesion by SUV of PET-CT. Inhere, we evaluated the incidence of thyroid incidenteloma that were detected by PET-CT of primary cancer patients and analyzed any relationship between histopatological features and radiological imagings. Methods: Totally 27 patients were included. All had thyroid incidental nodules which had FDG activities were underwent fine needle aspiration biopsy(FNAB).We analyzed relationship between histopatological findings and radiological features by Pearson correlation test. After SUV max values were categorized as 0,2.2-2.9, 3-4.9, 5-6.9, 7-9.9, > 10 ve 0, we evaulated any factors associated with SUVmax categorical or histopatological evaluation by using x² Fisher exact test.Results: The primary malignancies were breast, colon, lung, pancreas, ovarian, gastric cancer and sarcoma in order of frequency. The median SUVmax values were 4.4 and 6.9 for thyroid noduls and primary cancer respectively. Totally 8 malignancies were detected by FNAB of thyroid nodule(29.6%). The sensitivity and specifitiy of PET-CT SUVmax value for diagnosis of malignancy were 80% and 52%respectively. On the other hand, positive and negative predictive values were 32% and 90%. The most common malign and benign patolology were classic variant papillary carcinoma and benign colloidal nodule. The SUVmax were the higher in the colon cancer thyroid metastasis and oncocytic neoplasia(SUVmax 14.5 and 13.9 respectively). While the median throid nodule size was 19 mm in diameter, there was no correlation between nodule size and histopatological findings. On the other hand histopatological findings were positively associated with both categorical SUVmax(r = 0.413, p = 0.03) and the density of the thyroid nodule in PET-CT(r = 0.373, p = 0.05). Conclusions: If the thyroid nodule is detected with FDG uptake, to differantiate benign from malign nodule, cytological examination is noteworthy to diagnose the more agressive type of thyroid nodule and thyroid metastasis from the primary cancer.
Financial assistance for fertility preservation at cancer diagnosis: An analysis of the LIVESTRONG Fertility program.
Authors: Lenore Omesi, Aditi Narayan, Rebekkah Schear, Joyce Reinecke, Jennifer Levine
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

6555 Background: Fertility preservation (FP) is a critical component of comprehensive adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer care that is discussed and/or offered to only a fraction of eligible patients. Barriers include lack of insurance coverage making FP prohibitively expensive for many patients. The Sharing Hope program, now known as LIVESTRONG Fertility, was created by Fertile Hope in 2004 and acquired by LIVESTRONG in 2009. LIVESTRONG Fertility provides financial assistance to AYA cancer patients through discounted FP rates and access to free medications through a pharmaceutical company. Our aims were to review demographic characteristics of patients served, identify geographic utilization patterns, and quantify the program’s financial impact. Methods: De-identified records maintained by Fertile Hope/LIVESTRONG from 2004 to 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient population, treating institutions and cost savings/patient were summarized using descriptive statistics. Results: 1171 men and 1319 women were approved for financial assistance between 2004 and 2011. Median age was 24 years (range 12-67) for men and 30 years (range 13-49) for women. The most common diagnoses included testicular cancer (34%) and Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) (18%) among males and breast cancer (48%), HL (13%) and genitourinary cancers (13%) among females. Applications were received from individuals residing in 49 of the United States, as well as Washington DC and Puerto Rico. The applicants received care from a total of 1,245 cancer centers. For men, $438,711 was saved, averaging $375/patient. For women, $3,904,303 was saved in practitioner cost and $4,665,775 in medication costs averaging $6,497/patient. Conclusions: Financial assistance for FP at the time of a cancer diagnosis for AYAs is a persistent and growing need. Female cancer patients face significantly greater costs to preserve fertility. Further studies are needed to determine the true financial burden to patients and the degree to which lack of financial resources and insurance coverage prevent FP in this population. [Table: see text]
Cross-Talk between Receptor Tyrosine Kinases AXL and ERBB3 Regulates Invadopodia Formation in Melanoma Cells
Authors: Or-Yam Revach, Oded Sandler, Yardena Samuels, Benjamin Geiger
Journal: Cancer Research (2019)

Abstract The invasive phenotype of metastatic cancer cells is accompanied by the formation of actin-rich invadopodia, which adhere to the extracellular matrix and degrade it. In this study, we explored the role of the tyrosine kinome in the formation of invadopodia in metastatic melanoma cells. Using a microscopy-based siRNA screen, we identified a series of regulators, the knockdown of which either suppresses (e.g., TYK2, IGFR1, ERBB3, TYRO3, FES, ALK, PTK7) or enhances (e.g., ABL2, AXL, CSK) invadopodia formation and function. Notably, the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL displayed a dual regulatory function, where both depletion or overexpression enhanced invadopodia formation and activity. This apparent contradiction was attributed to the capacity of AXL to directly stimulate invadopodia, yet its suppression upregulates the ERBB3 signaling pathway, which can also activate core invadopodia regulators and enhance invadopodia function. Bioinformatic analysis of multiple melanoma cell lines points to an inverse expression pattern of AXL and ERBB3. High expression of AXL in melanoma cells is associated with high expression of invadopodia components and an invasive phenotype. These results provide new insights into the complexity of metastasis-promoting mechanisms and suggest that targeting of multiple invadopodia signaling networks may serve as a potential anti-invasion therapy in melanoma. Significance: These findings uncover a unique interplay between AXL and ERBB3 in invadopodia regulation that points to the need for combined therapy in order to prevent invadopodia-mediated metastasis in melanoma.
Safety and clinical activity of adenosine A2a receptor (A2aR) antagonist, CPI-444, in anti-PD1/PDL1 treatment-refractory renal cell (RCC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.
Authors: Lawrence Fong, Patrick M. Forde, John D. Powderly, Jonathan Wade Goldman, John J. Nemunaitis, Jason John Luke, Matthew David Hellmann, Shivaani Kummar, Robert Charles Doebele, Daruka Mahadevan, Shirish M. Gadgeel, Brett Gordon Maxwell Hughes, Ben Markman, Matthew John Riese, Joshua Brody, Leisha A. Emens, Ian McCaffery, Richard Alan Miller, Ginna Laport
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

3004 Background: Adenosine production in the tumor leads to immunosuppression through A2aR on infiltrating immune cells. CPI-444 is an oral A2aR antagonist with single agent(SA) anti-tumor activity in pre-clinical models. This phase 1/1b clinical trial uses a 2-step adaptive design to evaluate CPI-444 as a SA and in combination (combo) with the anti-PDL1 antibody, atezolizumab (atezo). We report results of RCC and NSCLC cohorts. Methods: Primary objectives: safety, efficacy and to identify optimal dose/schedule. Step 1 utilized 3 SA and 1 combo cohort to select dose/schedule. Step 2 included disease-specific expansion cohorts including RCC and NSCLC. Eligible pts had selected advanced cancers and failed standard therapies including checkpoint inhibitors. Results: 34 pts have enrolled and 25 pts were evaluable for response (Table 1). Median prior regimens: 3 (range,1-5) and most pts were resistant/refractory to anti PD1/PDL1 therapy (R/R). Most common AEs were Gr 1 nausea (n = 3) and pyrexia (n = 3); Gr 3 tachycardia was the only possibly related SAE. The selected Step 2 doses were CPI-444 100mg BID as a SA and in combo with atezo 840mg IV q2 weeks. The disease control rate (DCR, CR+PR+SD; duration 2 mo to &gt; 8 mo) for pts with RCC and NSCLC cohorts were 86% and 50%, (100% and 43% for R/R pts), respectively. DCRs were similar in the SA and combo cohorts. Of 7 evaluable RCC pts, 1 pt has an ongoing PR (SA cohort, &gt; 4 mo) and 5 have ongoing SD, duration 3 mo to &gt; 8 mo (2 SA, 3 combo). Biopsy of the PR pt showed no detectable tumor and infiltration with CD8+ lymphocytes. In 18 evaluable NSCLC pts, 1 PR (PDL1 negative pt) and 8 SD were seen. PRs and SDs were seen in R/R pts and in PDL1 negative pts in both diseases. Conclusions: CPI-444 is well tolerated and shows anti-tumor activity in RCC and NSCLC pts as a SA and in combo. Pts who are R/R to anti PD1/PDL1 therapy and who are PDL1 negative can also benefit. Clinical trial information: NCT02655822. [Table: see text]
Results of the randomized phase II portion of NRG Oncology/RTOG 0848 evaluating the addition of erlotinib to adjuvant gemcitabine for patients with resected pancreatic head adenocarcinoma.
Authors: Howard Safran, Kathryn A Winter, Ross A. Abrams, William Regine, Karyn A. Goodman, Adam C. Berger, Michael Gillin, Philip Agop Philip, Andrew M. Lowy, Abraham Jing-Ching Wu, Thomas A. DiPetrillo, Benjamin W. Corn, Samantha A. Seaward, Michael G. Haddock, Suisui Song, Yixing Jiang, Barbara Jean Fisher, Alan W. Katz, Sharmila P. Mehta, Christopher H Crane
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

4007 Background: NRG/RTOG 0848 is a 2-step study designed to determine whether erlotinib (E) added to gemcitabine (G) (randomized Ph II) &amp;/or adjuvant radiation with concurrent 5-FU or capecitabine following 6 months of systemic chemotherapy (Ph III), improve survival in patients (pts) with resected pancreatic head adenocarcinoma. The erlotinib results are reported here. Methods: Eligible pts include those with resected pancreatic head adenocarcinoma, pathologic stage T1-T3, N0-1, M0; PS 0-1, &amp; CA19-9 ≤ 180 IU/L. Pts in Arms 1 &amp; 2 received G 1 gm/m 2 weekly for 3 weeks in a 28-day cycle for 6 cycles. Pts in Arm 2 also received E 100 mg/day. The primary hypothesis for the E portion was that G+E would increase overall survival (OS) compared to G alone. With a 1-sided alpha of 0.15, 200 OS events provide 80%/90% power to detect a signal for an increase in median OS from 22 to 28.8/30.6 months (mos). OS was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method &amp; arms compared using the log rank test. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze treatment effect. Results: 336 pts were randomized from 11/17/2009 to 2/28/2014, with 163 pts evaluable for G and 159 for G+E. Median age was 63 years (39-86). Most pts had pathologic T3 disease (78%) &amp; CA19-9 ≤ 90 (93%). There are 32 pts (20%) with grade 4 adverse events (AEs) &amp; 2 pts (1%) with grade 5 AEs on G and 27 (17%) &amp; 3 (2%) on G+E arm, respectively. There are fewer grade ≥ 3 GI AEs on the G arm (22%) as compared to the G+E arm (28%), and 110 (69.2%) &amp; 93 (59.6%) pts received at least 85% of planned G dose for the G &amp; G+E arms, respectively. 58% of E pts received at least 85% of planned E dose. The median follow-up for alive pts is 42.5 mos (min-max: &lt; 1-75). With 203 deaths, median &amp; 3-yr OS (95% CI) are 29.9 mos (21.7-33.4) &amp; 39% (30, 45) for G and 28.1 mos (20.7-30.9) &amp; 39% (31, 47) for G+E; log-rank p = 0.62. The hazard ratio (95% CI) comparing OS of G+E to G is 1.04 (0.79- 1.38). Conclusions: The addition of adjuvant E to G did not provide a signal for increased OS in pts with resected pancreatic head cancer compared to G alone. Accrual to the trial is continuing to answer the Ph III radiation question. Clinical trial information: NCT01013649.
Abstract 11651: Risk Factors for Congestive Heart Failure in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: the CRIC Study
Authors: Jiang He, Wei Yang, Amanda Anderson, Daniel Dries, Harold Feldman, RadhaKrishna Kallem, Radhika Kanthety, John Kusek, Carissa Mazurick, Akinlolu Ojo, Dominic Raj, Mahboob Rahman, Ana Ricardo, Michael Shlipak, Elsayed Soliman, Myles Wolf, Lee Hamm
Journal: Circulation (2012)

We studied the prospective relationship of novel cardiovascular risk factors with the event rate of congestive heart failure (CHF) among 3,939 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study. Kidney function was assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the CKD-EPI equation, serum cystatin C, and 24-hour urinary excretion of albumin. During an average of 3.6 years of follow up, 390 individuals were hospitalized for CHF. After adjustment for age, gender, race, self-reported history of CHF and clinical site, the hazard ratio (HR, 95% CI) for CHF associated with 1 standard deviation (SD) lower eGFR (13.5 mL/min/1.73 m2) was 1.53 (1.35,1.73), 1 SD higher cystatin C (0.55 mg/L) was 1.61 (1.47,1.75), and 1 SD higher log[urine albumin (0.52 mg/24 h)] was 1.62 (1.48, 1.76), all p<0.001. When all 3 kidney function measures were simultaneously included in the model, only cystatin C (HR, 1.53, 95% CI 1.34, 1.74) and log(urine albumin) (HR 1.47, ...
Patient-reported prevalence of neuropathic pain in adolescent and young adult oncology patients.
Authors: Melissa Acquazzino, Mahua Dasgupta, Raymond Hoffmann, Meghen Browning, Amanda Brandow
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

10577 Background: Neuropathic pain, a known complication of cancer and its treatments, significantly decreases quality of life. Neuropathic pain can be difficult to diagnose. There are limited data on validated, patient-reported screening tools to aid in the diagnosis of neuropathic pain in oncology patients. Our primary objective was to determine the prevalence of neuropathic pain in adolescent and young adult oncology patients using a validated, neuropathic pain screening tool. Methods: This prospective, cohort study enrolled patients 14-39 years of age, from 2/22/13 to 12/1/15, who were receiving therapy for cancer or cancer relapse, or had recently ( > 3 months and < 2 years) completed treatment. We administered the painDETECT questionnaire, a patient-completed, neuropathic pain screening tool validated down to age 14, at up to 3 time points in on-therapy patients and once in off-therapy patients. The primary outcome of neuropathic pain prevalence was defined as the proportion of patients with a painDETECT score ≥ 13 at 1 or more time points. Confidence intervals were calculated using the Clopper-Pearson (exact) method. Provider documentation of neuropathic pain at the same visit that the painDETECT was administered was abstracted from the medical record. Results: Seventy-eight patients participated; 57 patients completed 1 or more on-therapy time points and 35 patients completed an off-therapy time point. Median (IQR) age at study enrollment was 18.1 (16, 19.4) years and 47% were female. Cancer diagnoses were 41% leukemia, 26% solid tumor, 23% lymphoma and 10% central nervous system tumor. Prevalence of patient-reported neuropathic pain was 26% (95% CI 16-40%) in on-therapy patients and 11% (95% CI 3-27%) in off-therapy patients. In patients with evidence of neuropathic pain on the painDETECT, only 26% had a clinical diagnosis of neuropathic pain documented in the medical record. Conclusions: Neuropathic pain occurs in 1 in 4 adolescents and young adults receiving cancer therapy. Incorporation of validated, patient-reported screening measures into clinical practice may increase detection of neuropathic pain in adolescents and young adults receiving cancer therapy and could ultimately improve pain treatment.
Abstract P378: Excess Mortality Among Indiana Firefighters, 1985-2013
Authors: Carolyn M Muegge, Terrell W Zollinger, Yiqing Song, Jennifer Wessel, Patrick O Monahan, Steven M Moffatt
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Firefighters are exposed to toxic agents in combustion products at fire scenes increasing their risk for cancer and cardiovascular disease. Inconsistent findings in previous research examining excess heart disease and cancer mortality have led to the need for further investigation of cause-specific death among firefighters. Objective: Using death certificate data, we tested the hypotheses that there is no difference in the likelihood of cancer and cardiovascular mortality between firefighters and a matched population of non-firefighters from the general population. Methods: Firefighter death records (n=2,818) were exactly matched to four non-firefighter (n=11,272) death records on age at time of death, sex, race, ethnicity and year of death between 1985-2013.Underlying cause of death was coded using the 9 th and 10 th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD ). Mortality odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals comparing firefighters to non-firefighters were calculated using conditional logistic regression to account for matching. Results: The risk of death due to all malignant cancers was significantly higher for firefighters than non-firefighters (OR: 1.19; 95% CI 1.08, 1.30). Firefighters had high risks of mortality due to malignancies of the buccal cavity and pharynx (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.19, 3.79), other parts of the buccal cavity (OR 4.00, 95% CI 1.07, 14.96), pharynx (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.05, 4.65), pancreas (OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.01, 2.06), and kidney (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.17, 2.83). Deaths due to malignancies of other and unspecified sites (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.02, 1.56) were also elevated among firefighters, due specifically to connective tissues (OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.01, 5.86) and brain and other parts of the nervous system (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.23, 3.12). There was no difference in risk for heart disease deaths, including ischemic heart disease, between the two groups. However, the risks for undefined types of circulatory system deaths (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68, 0.94), specifically cerebrovascular disease (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.67, 0.99) were significantly lower among firefighters than non-firefighters. Accidental poisoning deaths were also significantly lower (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.43, 0.96) among firefighters. Conclusions: Deaths due to specific malignant cancers were found to be statistically higher in Indiana firefighters than non-firefighters. The study suggest the importance of early and effective health-promoting prevention strategies among firefighters. Clinical Significance: Firefighters need access to clinical evaluations focused on modifiable occupational and lifestyle risk factors. Biometric, fitness, psychological and self-reported data gathered during these examinations should be utilized for the development and assessment of specific occupational risk intervention programs.
Abstract IA24: Making immunotherapy work in prostate cancer
Authors: James L. Gulley
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Immunotherapeutic approaches can only be successful when the immune system recognizes the tumor and generates a response that causes immune effector cells to seek out and destroy the tumor. Recent clinical advances in immunotherapy have capitalized on tumors that the immune system has developed an immune response to, but is prevented from killing by specific immune checkpoints that protect normal tissue from autoimmune attack. Tumor cells use these checkpoints to escape immune attack. However, many tumors, including the vast majority of prostate tumors, do not have an underlying immune response. A variety of modalities, some more efficient than others, can lead to immune recognition, but cannot be fully effective when used as monotherapies. Optimal clinical benefit will be achieved with rational combination therapies that generate a robust immune response and allow those generated effector cells to remain functional within the tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: James L. Gulley. Making immunotherapy work in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Prostate Cancer: Advances in Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research; 2017 Dec 2-5; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(16 Suppl):Abstract nr IA24.
Abstract 16277: Invasive and CT Angiography FFR Mismatch in Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery
Authors: Shunsuke Imai, Takeshi Kondo, Jagat Narula, Yoshiaki Kawase, Hitoshi Matsuo
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Background: FFR by coronary CT angiography (FFRCT) can be derived from a variable combination of numerous parameters including 3-D coronary lumen volumes, LV mass and computational fluid dynamics (...
Association between expression of programmed cell death-1 and smoking status in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated by radical nephroureterectomy.
Authors: Nozomi Hayakawa, Eiji Kikuchi, Kimiharu Takamatsu, Ryuichi Mizuno, Mototsugu Oya
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

e16592 Background: A strong therapeutic benefit of 2nd-line pembrolizumab has been reported, especially in advanced urothelial carcinoma patients who are current smokers (KEYNOTE-045 Clinical Trials). We investigated the influence of smoking status on prognosis, and the association of PD-1 expression with smoking status in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) patients. Methods: We examined 153 patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for UTUC and whose smoking status was known. We evaluated the expression of PD-1 by immunohistochemistry and PD-1 positive cells were estimated under a microscope (x400). Patients were divided into two groups; low and high PD-1 expression as defined by PD-1 positive cells of ≤10 and > 10, respectively. We also classified patients into current smokers, ex-smokers, and non-smokers. Results: Fifty-two patients (34.0%) were classified as current smokers, 37 (24.2%) as ex-smokers, and 64 (41.8%) as non-smokers. Thirty-five patients (22.9%) had high PD-1 expression in UTUC specimens and 118 patients (77.1%) had low PD-1 expression. High PD-1 expression was observed in 7 (13.5%) current smokers, 10 (27.0%) ex-smokers, and 18 (28.1%) non-smokers. There was no association between expression of PD-1 and smoking status. The 5-year cancer specific survival (CSS) rate was 85.9% in current smokers, 80.5% in ex-smokers, and 77.4% in non-smokers, and there was no statistically significant difference among the three categories. In a subgroup of current smokers, the 5-year CSS rate was 50.0% in the high PD-1 expression group, which was significantly lower than that in its counterpart (91.4%: p = 0.001). However, in a subgroup of others, no difference in CSS was observed between the high and low PD-1 expression groups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified high PD-1 expression in a tumor specimen (HR:7.9, p = 0.017) and the presence of carcinoma in situ (HR:8.3, p = 0.009) as independent predictors for cancer death in current smokers. Conclusions: In current smokers, PD-1 positivity in UTUC specimens appears to be a strong predictor for identifying a worse clinical outcome in UTUC patients treated with RNU.