Botulinum Toxin for Burning Mouth Syndrome
Authors: Domenico A. Restivo, Giuseppe Lauria, Rosario Marchese-Ragona, Riccardo Vigneri
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2017)

Letters16 May 2017Botulinum Toxin for Burning Mouth SyndromeDomenico A. Restivo, MD, PhD, Giuseppe Lauria, MD, Rosario Marchese-Ragona, MD, and Riccardo Vigneri, MDDomenico A. Restivo, MD, PhDFrom Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy; Peripheral Neuropathy and Neuropathic Pain Centre, IRCCS Foundation, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy; University of Padova, Padova, Italy; University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy., Giuseppe Lauria, MDFrom Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy; Peripheral Neuropathy and Neuropathic Pain Centre, IRCCS Foundation, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy; University of Padova, Padova, Italy; University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy., Rosario Marchese-Ragona, MDFrom Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy; Peripheral Neuropathy and Neuropathic Pain Centre, IRCCS Foundation, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy; University of Padova, Padova, Italy; University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy., and Riccardo Vigneri, MDFrom Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy; Peripheral Neuropathy and Neuropathic Pain Centre, IRCCS Foundation, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy; University of Padova, Padova, Italy; University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L16-0451 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Background: Burning mouth syndrome is characterized by burning pain in the oral mucosa (mainly the tongue and lips) in the absence of medical causes (1). It is also known as oral dysesthesia. It is common; mostly affects women of advanced age; and is often associated with systemic diseases, such as diabetes, nutritional deficiencies, depression, and anxiety (1). The etiopathogenesis of burning mouth syndrome is unclear, although some studies of biopsy specimens suggest an underlying trigeminal small-fiber neuropathy (2). No effective treatment is available for this condition; antidepressants, analgesics, clonazepam, topical capsaicin, and psychotherapy have limited and short-lasting efficacy (3).Objective: ...References1. Steele JC. The practical evaluation and management of patients with symptoms of a sore burning mouth. Clin Dermatol. 2016;34:449-57. [PMID: 27343959] doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.02.017 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Lauria G, Majorana A, Borgna M, Lombardi R, Penza P, Padovani A, et al. Trigeminal small-fiber sensory neuropathy causes burning mouth syndrome. Pain. 2005;115:332-7. [PMID: 15911160] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar3. Kisely S, Forbes M, Sawyer E, Black E, Lalloo R. A systematic review of randomized trials for the treatment of burning mouth syndrome. J Psychosom Res. 2016;86:39-46. [PMID: 27302545] doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.05.001 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Ranoux D, Attal N, Morain F, Bouhassira D. Botulinum toxin type A induces direct analgesic effects in chronic neuropathic pain. Ann Neurol. 2008;64:274-83. [PMID: 18546285] doi:10.1002/ana.21427 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Restivo DA, Tinazzi M, Patti F, Palmeri A, Maimone D. Botulinum toxin treatment of painful tonic spasms in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2003;61:719-20. [PMID: 12963779] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy; Peripheral Neuropathy and Neuropathic Pain Centre, IRCCS Foundation, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute, Milan, Italy; University of Padova, Padova, Italy; University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Medical Center, Catania, Italy.Disclosures: Authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L16-0451.This article was published at Annals.org on 11 April 2017. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byTreatment Modalities of Burning Mouth DiseaseFuture Perspectives of Botulinum Toxin Application in DentistryPharmacotherapeutic Approaches in Oral MedicineEfficacy of Botulinum Toxin A for Treating Cramps in Diabetic NeuropathyBurning Mouth SyndromePharmacotherapeutic Approaches in Oral Medicine 16 May 2017Volume 166, Issue 10Page: 762-763KeywordsAnalgesicsMouthMusclesNeuropathic painNeuropathyPainRandomized trialsSaline solutionsSystemic diseasesTongue ePublished: 11 April 2017 Issue Published: 16 May 2017 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2017 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...