tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Real Life Experience with ATRA-Arsenic Trioxide Based Regimen in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia - Updated Results of the Prospective German Intergroup Napoleon Registry
Authors: Uwe Platzbecker, Eva Lengfelder, Katharina S Goetze, Christoph Röllig, Michael Kramer, Michaela Sauer, Nadine Albers, Michael Heuser, Hartmut Link, Kerstin Schäfer-Eckart, Sonja Martin, Stefan W. Krause, Mathias Hänel, Tilmann Bochtler, Andreas Jakob, Albrecht Reichle, Harald Biersack, Claudia D. Baldus, Martin Goerner, Nadezda Basara, Joerg Mezger, Ralph Naumann, Dorit Kuerschner, Maike de Wit, Florian Nolte, Mark Ringhoffer, Hans-Joachim Tischler, Jochen Greiner, Stephan Kremers, Sigrid Machherndl-Spandl, Elisabeth Koller, Mohammad Amen Wattad, Gregor Aschauer, Markus Radsak, Thomas Kubin, Helmut Salih, Frank Heits, Dominik Wolf, Christian Thiede, Hubert Serve, Ulrich Duehrsen, Andreas Hochhaus, Tim H. Brümmendorf, Martin Bornhäuser, Hartmut Döhner, Gerhard Ehninger, Richard F. Schlenk
Journal: Blood (2016)
A Phase I Study of Daily Afatinib, an Irreversible Erbb Family Blocker, Combined With Weekly Paclitaxel and 2-Weekly Bevacizumab in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumours
Authors: D. Enting, J.E. Ang, C. O'Hanlon-Brown, R. Kristeleit, M. Uttenreuther-Fischer, K. Pemberton, K. Pelling, D. Schnell, J.S. de Bono, J. Spicer
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2012)
Concerns About Methodology of a Trial Investigating Vaginal Health During Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy for Breast Cancer—Reply
Authors: Michelle E. Melisko, Jimmy Hwang, Hope S. Rugo
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
The oral transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß) receptor I kinase inhibitor LY2157299 plus lomustine in patients with treatment-refractory malignant glioma: The first human dose study.
Authors: Analia Azaro, José Baselga, Juan Manuel Sepúlveda, Joan Seoane, Jordi Rodon Ahnert, Irene Brana, Ivelina Gueorguieva, Ann Cleverly, Michael M. F. Lahn, Sada Pillay, Luis Paz-Ares, Matthias Holdhoff, Jaishri O'Neill Blakeley, Michael Anthony Carducci
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

2042 Background: Activated TGF-b signaling has been associated with poor survival in several tumors, including glioma. TGF-b inhibitors are expected to improve outcome. Part B of this Phase I trial assessed safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of the intermittent treatment with LY2157299 in combination with lomustine. Methods: After evaluating safety of LY2157299 monotherapy in part A of the study, 2 cohorts of patients were treated with LY2157299 at 160 or 300 mg/day with intermittent dosing (each cycle=14 days on followed by 14 days off) in combination with lomustine at standard dose (100 to 130 mg/m 2 every 6 weeks) for ≥2 cycles. Toxicity was assessed using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 3. Results: Twenty-six patients with glioma (18 WHO Grade IV; 5 Grade III; 3 unspecified grade) were treated with LY2157299 and lomustine (160 mg/day, n=15; 300 mg/day, n=11). There were no dose-limiting toxicities. No clinically meaningful cardiotoxicities were observed. Twenty-one SAEs occurred in 10 patients, all considered to be related to lomustine and none to LY2157299. Of the 26 patients, 7 had thrombocytopenia (27%), and recovery around weeks 4 to 6 was not impacted by the second cycle of LY2157299. Two patients taking 160 mg/day were treated for &gt;6 cycles, with 1 of the 2 patients showing an unconfirmed partial response. At the 300 mg/day dose, no responses were observed; 2 patients were treated for &gt;6 cycles. Co-administration of lomustine did not alter LY2157299 exposure. Observed exposure of LY2157299 increased with dose escalation between the 2 cohorts. On Day 7, the variability estimates (coefficients of variation) of exposure and maximum concentration were slightly higher in presence of lomustine (58%) when compared with LY2157299 alone (47%) and then again reduced on Day 14 (53%). Pharmacodynamic results will be reported at a later date. Conclusions: The 14 days on/14 days off treatment with LY2157299 did not increase the known lomustine toxicity. Given the overall safety profile and antitumor effect, LY2157299 is being investigated in Phase II studies.
For-Profit Medical Education—Reply
Authors: Eli Y. Adashi, Gopika R. Krishna, Philip A. Gruppuso
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
The impact of HER2 positivity on survival in metastatic gastric and GEJ cancer in the province of British Columbia: An updated analysis.
Authors: Howard John Lim, Aalok Kumar, Chen Zhou, David Huntsman, Christian K. Kollmannsberger, Sharlene Gill
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e14568 Background: HER2 positive gastric (GC) and GEJ adenocarcinoma has been associated with a worse survival outcome. This study examines the survival rate of patients with metastatic HER2 positive GC and GEJ adenocarcinomas in the province of BC. Methods: Formalin fixed embedded tissue from patients (pts) with resected gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma from 2004-2011 were identified retrospectively through the BC Cancer Agency registry and prospectively for pts with a new diagnosis of advanced disease. Biopsies and resection samples were analyzed via previously validated methods. IHC scores of 3 were considered positive (+), 2 were equivocal and 0 or 1 were negative (-). A 10% cut-off was used to determine positive samples. Equivocal staining was considered positive via FISH or SISH with a ratio of &gt; 2.2 considered amplified. Patient characteristics were abstracted to an anonymized database. Kaplan-Meier curves were calculated to evaluate overall survival from time of diagnosis or relapse to death for pts with HER2 + or - disease. Results: 179 of 304 pts were identified with metastatic or relapsed gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma without Traztumumab treatment. 21 (12%) pts were HER2 + either by IHC, FISH or SISH. Refer to the table for characteristics of both groups. Median survival was not significantly different among HER2 + and - pts (4.0 mo vs. 7.3 mo, p=0.089). Conclusions: The rate of HER2 positivity is similar to that seen in trial data. HER2 positivity trends to a worse prognosis but was not significant in this study. [Table: see text]
Time from Diagnosis to Initiation of Treatment of DLBCL and Implication for Potential Selection Bias in Clinical Trials
Authors: Matthew J Maurer, Brian K Link, Thomas M. Habermann, Carrie A. Thompson, Cristine Allmer, Patrick B. Johnston, Ivana Micallef, David J. Inwards, Umar Farooq, William R. Macon, Sergei Syrbu, Andrew L Feldman, Susan L. Slager, George J. Weiner, Stephen Ansell, James R Cerhan, Thomas E. Witzig, Grzegorz S. Nowakowski
Journal: Blood (2016)
Nivolumab ± ipilimumab in pts with advanced (adv)/metastatic chemotherapy-refractory (CTx-R) gastric (G), esophageal (E), or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer: CheckMate 032 study.
Authors: Yelena Yuriy Janjigian, Patrick Alexander Ott, Emiliano Calvo, Joseph W. Kim, Paolo Antonio Ascierto, Padmanee Sharma, Katriina Johanna Peltola, Dirk Jaeger, T.R. Jeffry Evans, Filippo G. De Braud, Ian Chau, Marina Tschaika, Christopher T. Harbison, Weiguo Cai, Johanna C. Bendell, Dung T. Le
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

4014 Background: In the phase 3 ONO-12 study, 3rd- or later-line nivolumab (N) monotherapy prolonged OS vs placebo in Asian pts with adv G/GEJ cancer (median OS, 5.3 vs 4.1 mo; HR, 0.63; P &lt; 0.0001; ASCO-GI 2017, Kang YK et al. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35 (suppl 4S) [abstract 2]). The phase 1/2 CheckMate 032 study showed favorable clinical activity of N ± ipilimumab (I) in Western pts with adv CTx-R G/E/GEJ cancer (NCT01928394). We report updated long-term follow-up data of G/E/GEJ pts in CheckMate 032. Methods: Pts received N 3 mg/kg Q2W (N3), N 1 mg/kg + I 3 mg/kg Q3W (N1+I3), or N 3 mg/kg + I 1 mg/kg Q3W (N3+I1). Primary endpoint was ORR. Secondary endpoints included DOR, OS, PFS, and safety. Efficacy in pts by PD-L1 status was assessed. Results: 160 heavily pretreated pts (79% had ≥ 2 prior Tx) were enrolled (N3, n = 59; N1+I3, n = 49; N3+I1, n = 52); 24% had PD-L1 + (≥ 1%) tumors. ORR was 12% in N3, 24% in N1+I3, and 8% in N3+I1. In pts with PD-L1 ≥ 1%, ORR was 19% (3/16) in N3, 40% (4/10) in N1+I3, and 23% (3/13) in N3+I1; in pts with PD-L1 &lt; 1%, ORR was 12% (3/26), 22% (7/32), and 0% (0/30), respectively. Median DOR was 7.1 mo in N3, 7.9 mo in N1+I3, and NA in N3+I1. OS in all pts and in pts with PD-L1 ≥ 1% is in the Table. Grade 3–4 treatment-related AEs reported in ≥ 10% of pts in any treatment arm were diarrhea (N3, 2%; N1+I3, 14%; N3+I1, 2%), ALT increased (N3, 3%; N1+I3, 14%; N3+I1, 4%), and AST increased (N3, 5%; N1+I3, 10%; N3+I1, 2%). Conclusions: N ± I led to durable responses and long-term OS in heavily pretreated Western pts with adv G/E/GEJ cancer, which is consistent with the clinical activity observed in Asian pts in the ONO-12 study. Safety was consistent with prior reports. These data support ongoing investigation of N ± I in pts with adv G/E/GEJ cancer. Clinical trial information: NCT01928394. [Table: see text]
Role of Midwives
Authors: T S Duncan
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1977)

Dr. Alfano (New England Journal of Medicine 296: 1126, 1977) is certainly entitled to his personal opinions, but when they appear in a major publication in a setting that calls for factual information, they cannot go unchallenged. Midwives have played and continue to play a major part in maternal-infant services in many advanced European countries. Combined midwife-physician services in Sweden, Finland, Japan, Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, and Switzerland produced infant mortality rates in 1972 superior to those reported by Dr. Alfano for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in 1974. Even in 1967 Sweden and the Netherlands (where most infants are delivered by midwives) had infant mortality rates, respectively, of 12.9 and 13.4/100 live births. These numbers, of course, do not mean that midwives are superior to doctors, but they do not seem to prove them inferior when they are employed in an appropriate setting. In Oregon (where certified nurse-midwives have been employed for some years) the professional midwife is found mainly in the "expensive" practices, so that if there is a "3rd-level of care," it is delivered to the well-to-do rather than the indigent. It is a little early to tell, but the impression around here is that although the quality of the birth experience may be changed by addition of midwives to an upper-middle-class practice, the outcome in terms of numbers of live babies is no different. This finding may not apply when 1 is dealing with the economically disadvantaged. A striking study from California demonstrated a definite improvement in fetal outcome when certified midwives were added to an established program and a tendency for the infant mortality rate to rise again when their services were discontinued for lack of funds. A similar program is under way in Oregon, but it is much too early for results to be apparent. This letter is not written in defense of midwives - it is a plea for balance and rationality. Medicine is no place for a territorial imperative. Only by calling on the expertise of all qualified members of a society can one hope to progress and to improve the human condition.
Abstract P341: MRTF-A, a Rho-Dependent Coactivator of SRF, Plays a Critical Role in Vascular Remodeling
Authors: Takeya Minami, Koichiro Kuwahara, Yasuaki Nakagawa, Yoshihiro Kuwabara, Kazuhiro Nakao, Hideyuki Kinohita, Satoru Usami, Chinatsu Yamada, Junko Shibata, Toshio Nishikimi, Minoru Takaoka, Masataka Sata, Ryozo Nagai, Kazuwa Nakao
Journal: Circulation Research (2011)

Objective: Rho-ROCK pathway is involved in the progression of pathological vascular remodeling through the regulation of cell proliferation and migration by controlling gene transcription. While a transcriptional co-activator Myocardin-related transcription factor(MRTF)-A transduces Rho-actin signaling to SRF activation in the nucleus, roles of MRTF-A in the process underlying vascular diseases remain unknown. Methods and Results: We found that MRTF-A mRNA and protein expression in femoral arteries 2weeks after wire injury was significantly higher than that in sham-operated arteries of mice. In contrast, the expression of myocardin or MRTF-B was significantly decreased in injured arteries. We then evaluated the role played by MRTF-A in pathological vascular remodeling by creating several vascular disease models of mice lacking MRTF-A (MRTF-A -/- ). Neointima formation induced by ligation in carotid arteries of MRTF-A -/- was significantly smaller than that of MRTF-A +/- . Neointima formation induced by wire injury in femoral arteries of MRTFA -/- was significantly smaller than that of MRTF-A +/+ . Atherosclerotic lesions of MRTF-A -/- ;ApoE -/- was also significantly smaller than those of MRTF-A +/+ ;ApoE -/ . The expression of SRF-target genes involved in cellular migration, such as MMP9 and vinculin,within injured arteries of MRTF-A -/- was significantly attenuated compared to that of MRTF-A +/+ . In cultured, de-differentiated rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (RAVSMC), the expression of these genes was decreased by knocking down MRTF-A. Indeed, the promoter activity of vinculin gene was controlled by MRTF-A in RAVSMC. In addition, knocking down MRTF-A in RAVSMC resulted in a significant impairment in migration capacity. Furthermore, treatment with a small molecule CCG1423 inhibiting MRTF-A significantly reduced neointima formation induced by wire injury in femoral arteries of mice. Conclusions: Our study revealed that in de-differentiated vascular smooth muscle cells, in which myocardin and MRTTF-B expression is decreased, increased expression of MRTF-A contributes to the acquisition of migration capacity by maintaining SRF-target genes transcription, thereby promoting stress-induced vascular remodeling.
Genetic Investigation of the Role of GDF11 in the Treatment of β-Thalassemia and MDS
Authors: Paraskevi Rea Oikonomidou, Ping La, Ritama Gupta, Vania Lo Presti, Carla Casu, Laura Breda, Deborah Watson, Rajasekhar NVS Suragani, Ravindra Kumar, Stefano Rivella
Journal: Blood (2016)
Abstract 20809: Mitochondrial Fusion Plays a Crucial Role in the Effect of Renin-Angiotensin Signal Inhibition on Retarding Arterial Senescence and Atherosclerosis
Authors: Yoshiyuki Ikeda, Masaaki Iwabayashi, Yuichi Sasaki, Yuichi Akasaki, Koji Higuchi, Masaaki Miyata, Mitsuru Ohishi
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo fusion and fission. Renin-angiotensin signal (RAS) accelerates arterial senescence and develops arteriosclerosis. This study aims to c...
Hsp72 and Nek6 Cooperate to Cluster Amplified Centrosomes in Cancer Cells
Authors: Josephina Sampson, Laura O'Regan, Martin J.S. Dyer, Richard Bayliss, Andrew M. Fry
Journal: Cancer Research (2017)

Cancer cells frequently possess extra amplified centrosomes clustered into two poles whose pseudo-bipolar spindles exhibit reduced fidelity of chromosome segregation and promote genetic instability. Inhibition of centrosome clustering triggers multipolar spindle formation and mitotic catastrophe, offering an attractive therapeutic approach to selectively kill cells with amplified centrosomes. However, mechanisms of centrosome clustering remain poorly understood. Here, we identify a new pathway that acts through NIMA-related kinase 6 (Nek6) and Hsp72 to promote centrosome clustering. Nek6, as well as its upstream activators polo-like kinase 1 and Aurora-A, targeted Hsp72 to the poles of cells with amplified centrosomes. Unlike some centrosome declustering agents, blocking Hsp72 or Nek6 function did not induce formation of acentrosomal poles, meaning that multipolar spindles were observable only in cells with amplified centrosomes. Inhibition of Hsp72 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells resulted in increased multipolar spindle frequency that correlated with centrosome amplification, while loss of Hsp72 or Nek6 function in noncancer-derived cells disturbs neither spindle formation nor mitotic progression. Hence, the Nek6-Hsp72 module represents a novel actionable pathway for selective targeting of cancer cells with amplified centrosomes.
Safety and tolerability of concurrent Nab-P (Nab-P) and Carbo (Carbo) with thoracic radiotherapy (RT) followed by consolidative Nab-P and Carbo in patients with stage IIIA/B non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Authors: Aaron Michael Laine, David E. Gerber, Puneeth Iyengar, Kenneth Westover, Irma Smith, Yuhchyau Chen, David R. Spigel, Mark A. Socinski, Hak Choy
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e20046 Background: The safety and tolerability of Nab-P and Carbo in patients with Stage IV NSCLC was previously demonstrated. We now describe the safety and tolerability of concurrent Nab-P and Carbo with RT followed by consolidative Nab-P and Carbo in patients (pt) with locally advanced NSCLC. Methods: Currently a randomized multi-institutional phase I/II clinical trial investigating Nab-P, or solvent-based paclitaxel, plus Carbo with concurrent RT followed by consolidation in pt with stage IIIA/B NSCLC is underway. For phase I, weekly 50mg/m2 of Nab-P and Carbo AUC 2 was administered with concurrent RT (60-66 Gy) followed by consolidation therapy comprising 100mg/m2 Nab-P on days 1,8,15 (of a 21 day cycle) and Carbo AUC 6 on day 1 for 2 cycles. For the randomized phase II, pt received either arm A) weekly 50mg/m2 paclitaxel and Carbo AUC 2 or arm B) weekly 40mg/m2 of Nab-P and Carbo AUC 2 with concurrent RT followed by consolidative 200mg/m2 paclitaxel and Carbo AUC 6 every three weeks for 2 cycles or 100mg/m2Nab-P on days 1,8,15 (of a 21 day cycle) and Carbo AUC 6 on day 1 for 2 cycles. Results: 6 pt were enrolled on phase I. 2 pt experienced DLTs (grade 3 febrile neutropenia and grade 4 thrombocytopenia) leading to a dose reduction of concurrent Nab-P from 50mg/m2 to 40mg/m2for the phase II portion. For phase II, 18 pt have completed concurrent therapy on arm A and 19 pt on arm B. 13 pt (72%) and 17 pt (89%) received all 6 planned cycles of concurrent therapy on arms A and B respectively. 11 pt on arm A completed consolidation therapy while 15 pt on arm B, with 7 (64%) and 7 (47%) receiving all planned cycles on arms A and B respectively. For arm B, 12 (80%) pt received at least 5 doses of consolidation therapy. Overall both regimens were well tolerated with the following toxicities (A versus B): 1 grade 3 esophagitis versus none, 1 grade 3 sensory neuropathy versus none, and 8 grade 3/4 hematological toxicity versus 15. Conclusions: Early results demonstrate the safety and tolerability of administrating concurrent Nab-P and Carbo with RT with toxicity in line with standard therapy. Further follow-up of toxicity and efficacy is required. Clinical trial information: NCT01757288.
Arginase 1 Is a Marker of Myeloid-Mediated Immunosuppression with Prognostic Meaning in Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Alessandra Romano, Nunziatina L Parrinello, Daniele Tibullo, Calogero Vetro, Cesarina Giallongo, Piera La Cava, Annalisa Chiarenza, Loredana Villari, Claudio Tripodo, Giovanna Motta, Laura Caruso, Andrea Gallamini, Stefano A Pileri, Francesco Di Raimondo
Journal: Blood (2016)
5T4 oncofetal antigen as a prognostic marker and target for treatment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Authors: Samuel Kerk, Alexander T. Pearson, Kristy Warner, Zhaocheng Zhang, Kelsey Finkel, Joseph Helman, Elaine Hurt, Robert Hollingsworth, David Tice, Jacques Nor
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e17516 Background: The overall survival for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unacceptably low. It has been postulated that poor outcomes could partly be attributed to a subpopulation of multipotent, highly tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSC) capable of self-renewal and resistance to therapy, that initiate the process of local recurrence or distant metastases. As such, HNSCC patients might benefit from a therapy that ablates these CSC. The 5T4 oncofetal antigen has been explored as a possible therapeutic target in lung, gastric, colon, and ovarian cancers, but has yet to be investigated as a strategy for targeted drug delivery in HNSCC. Methods: We evaluated 5T4 expression using a tissue microarray of 77 patients with oropharyngeal HNSCC. We then tested a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeted to 5T4, here referred to as MEDI0641, in vitro and in patient derived xenograft (PDX) models of HNSCC. We investigated the ability of MEDI0641 to induce tumor regression and to eliminate the CSC population, as defined by ALDHhighCD44high cells. Results: We found that 5T4 is broadly expressed in HNSCC, and that high expression of 5T4 correlates with poor survival for patients (p = 0.038). In vitro, MEDI0641 exhibited low IC50 values in two HNSCC cell lines (585 and 650 ng/mL, respectively), induced G2 /M cell cycle arrest, and led to cell death by apoptosis. In vivo, a single low dose of MEDI0641 caused tumor regression for over 200 days in all three PDX models tested here. Interestingly, the expression of 5T4 is higher in the CSC fraction than in non-CSC tumor cells. MEDI0641 caused a significant reduction in the fraction of ALDHhighCD44high cells both in vitro (p < 0.05) and in vivo (p < 0.003). Treatment with MEDI0641 in a PDX model of resistant HNSCC resulted in less (p = 0.0047) local recurrences (0 out of 12 mice) over 200 days following surgery, when compared to the isotype control group (7 out of 12 mice). Conclusions: 5T4 oncofetal antigen is a prognostic marker in HNSCC. Treatment with MEDI0641 induces tumor regression, reduces the CSC fraction, and prevents local recurrence. Collectively, these data suggest that HNSCC patients might benefit from 5T4-targeted cytotoxic agents.