tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Colon capsule versus computed tomography colonography for colorectal cancer screening in patients with positive fecal occult blood test who refuse colonoscopy: a randomized trial
Authors: Mathieu Pioche, Christell Ganne, Rodica Gincul, Antoine De Leusse, Julien Marsot, Julien Balique, Alain Fond, Michel Bretagnolle, Luc Henry, Yann Billaud, Romain Malezieux, Marie-Georges Lapalus, Christine Chambon-Augoyard, Emilie Del Tedesco, Olivia Scalone, Jean-Charles Montoy, Benoit Russias, Antoine Detry, Frédéric Veniat, Jin Qiu, Pierre-Jean Valette, Annabel Taillandier, Jean-Christophe Saurin, Josiane Tomczyk-Ferrero, Clémentine Gandilhon, Léa Vecchiato, Patricia Soler-Michel, Thierry Ponchon
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Some patients (10 % - 32 %) with a positive guaiac fecal occult blood test (gFOBT) do not undergo the recommended colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to compare video capsule endoscopy (VCE) and computed tomography colonography (CTC) in terms of participation rate and detection outcomes when offered to patients with a positive gFOBT who did not undergo the recommended colonoscopy.An invitation letter offering CTC or VCE was sent to selected patients after randomization. Acceptance of the proposed (or alternative) procedure and procedure results were recorded. Sample size was evaluated according to the hypothesis of a 13 % increase of participation with VCE.A total of 756 patients were targeted. Following the invitation letter, 5.0 % (19/378) of patients underwent the proposed VCE and 7.4 % (28/378) underwent CTC, (P = 0.18). Following the letter, 9.8 % (37/378) of patients in the VCE group underwent a diagnostic procedure (19 VCE, 1 CTC, 17 colonoscopy) vs. 10.8 % in the CTC group (41/378: 28 CTC, 13 colonoscopy; P = 0.55). There were more potentially neoplastic lesions diagnosed in the VCE group than in the CTC group (12/20 [60.0 %] vs. 8/28 [28.6 %]; P = 0.04). Thus, 15/20 noninvasive procedures in the VCE group (19 VCE, 1 CTC; 75.0 %) vs. 10/28 in the CTC group (35.7 %; P = 0.01) resulted in a recommendation of further colonoscopy, but only 10/25 patients actually underwent this proposed colonoscopy.Patients with a positive gFOBT result who do not undergo the recommended colonoscopy are difficult to recruit to the screening program and simply proposing an additional, less-invasive procedure, such as VCE or CTC, is not an effective strategy.ClinicalTrials.govNCT02558881TRIAL REGISTRATION: Randomized, controlled trial NCT02558881 at clinicaltrials.gov.
The Length of Treatment of Aggressive Non Hodgkin’s Lymphomas According to the International Prognostic Index Score. Some Lessons from the GISL LA03 Study.
Authors: Dell'Olio Matteo, Mammi Caterina, Bellei Monica, Nicola Di Renzo, Brugiatelli Maura, Sacchi Stefano, Lombardo Marco, Merli Francesco, Vallisa Daniele, Baldini Luca, Caracciolo Francesco, Gobbi Paolo, A. M. Carella, Federico Massimo
Journal: Blood (2003)
Hip Fracture and Palpitations in a 92-Year-Old Woman With Bronchiectasis
Authors: Paurush Ambesh, Gerald Hollander, Jacob Shani
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Partnerships for child health: capitalising on links between the sustainable development goals
Authors: Yulia Blomstedt, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Johan Dahlstrand, Peter Friberg, Lawrence O Gostin, Måns Nilsson, Nelson K Sewankambo, Göran Tomson, Tobias Alfvén
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Partnerships for child health : capitalising on links between the sustainable development goals
Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Increase the Positive End-Expiratory Pressure?
Authors: Andrew C. McKown, Lorraine B. Ware
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2018)

as possible effects on DNA and changes in low-abundance proteins.In addition, the functional consequences of the observed changes require further investigations.Finally, this study focused on using PG/PV to reproduce some of the findings in cell cultures and mice, whereas many other studies also point to flavorings and nicotine as main harmful constituents of e-cigarettes (reviewed in References 6 and 7).In fact, the same research group has reported on the toxicity of flavorings in e-cigarette liquids (11).Despite these and other issues, the present study does provide important insight into the effects of (long-term) e-cigarette use on human lung tissue, and is therefore extremely useful for a science-based continuation of the discussion on the safety of e-cigarettes, balancing harm reduction, and causing harm by e-cigarette use.The present findings are clearly not in line with the statement that e-cigarettes are a harmless alternative to tobacco products.They point to the need for safety data provided by independent researchers that compare the consequences of e-cigarette use with non-use, instead of with the use of tobacco products.
Government to investigate damage caused by mesh implants
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2018)

The UK government has said that it will conduct a national audit to investigate problems caused by vaginal mesh implants.

The safety of the implants has been brought into question by thousands of women around the world, many of whom are taking legal action against manufacturers, including in England, Wales, and Scotland.1

The Department of Health and Social Care for England announced that it had accepted calls from the all party parliamentary group on surgical mesh implants and campaigners to conduct a retrospective audit …
The spleen of patients with myelofibrosis harbors defective mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Maria Antonietta Avanzini, Vittorio Abbonante, Paolo Catarsi, Irene Dambruoso, Melissa Mantelli, Valentina Poletto, Elisa Lenta, Paola Guglielmelli, Stefania Croce, Lorenzo Cobianchi, Basilio Jemos, Rita Campanelli, Elisa Bonetti, Christian Andrea Di Buduo, Silvia Salmoiraghi, Laura Villani, Margherita Massa, Marina Boni, Rita Zappatore, Alessandra Iurlo, Alessandro Rambaldi, Alessandro Maria Vannucchi, Paolo Bernasconi, Alessandra Balduini, Giovanni Barosi, Vittorio Rosti
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2018)

Abstract Splenic hematopoiesis is a major feature in the course of myelofibrosis (MF). In fact, the spleen of patients with MF contains malignant hematopoietic stem cells retaining a complete differentiation program, suggesting both a pivotal role of the spleen in maintaining the disease and a tight regulation of hematopoiesis by the splenic microenvironment, in particular by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Little is known about splenic MSCs (Sp‐MSCs), both in normal and in pathological context. In this work, we have in vitro expanded and characterized Sp‐MSCs from 25 patients with MF and 13 healthy subjects (HS). They shared similar phenotype, growth kinetics, and differentiation capacity. However, MF Sp‐MSCs expressed significant lower levels of nestin, and favored megakaryocyte (Mk) differentiation in vitro at a larger extent than their normal counterpart. Moreover, they showed a significant upregulation of matrix metalloprotease 2 ( MMP2 ) and fibronectin 1 ( FN1 ) genes both at mRNA expression and at protein level, and, finally, developed genetic abnormalities which were never detected in HS‐derived Sp‐MSCs. Our data point toward the existence of a defective splenic niche in patients with MF that could be responsible of some pathological features of the disease, including the increased trafficking of CD34+ cells and the expansion of the megakaryocytic lineage.
Generalizability of Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial of Fish Oil Supplementation for Attenuating Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms among Rescue Workers in Japan
Authors: Ryoko Susukida, Daisuke Nishi, Yuzuru Kawashima, Yuichi Koido, Ramin Mojtabai, Yutaka J. Matsuoka
Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (2018)
Migration intra-canalaire des prothèses biliaire et pancréatiques, comment gérer cette complication? Evaluation mono-centrique sur 40 cas d'une technique de retrait par traction à la pince dents de rat
Authors: JM Gonzalez, A Debourdeau, A Benezech, M Barthet
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

La migration proximale intra-cannalaire des stents, plastiques ou métalliques, est une complication non rare survenant lors de la prise en charge de pathologies bilio-pancréatique et parfois difficile à traiter. Dans les principales séries publiées, leur fréquence est estimée à environ 5% pour les prothèses pancréatiques. Elle est évaluée à 3,5% pour les prothèses biliaires, en particulier métalliques couvertes, avec comme facteurs de risque les sténoses bénignes surtout du bas cholédoque, une voie biliaire > 10 mm, la durée de stenting > 1 mois, leur forme droite.
Breast Biopsy Intensity and Findings Following Breast Cancer Screening in Women With and Without a Personal History of Breast Cancer
Authors: Diana S. M. Buist, Linn Abraham, Christoph I. Lee, Janie M. Lee, Constance Lehman, Ellen S. O’Meara, Natasha K. Stout, Louise M. Henderson, Deirdre Hill, Karen J. Wernli, Jennifer S. Haas, Anna N. A. Tosteson, Karla Kerlikowske, Tracy Onega
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

There is little evidence on population-based harms and benefits of screening breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in women with and without a personal history of breast cancer (PHBC).To evaluate biopsy rates and yield in the 90 days following screening (mammography vs magnetic resonance imaging with or without mammography) among women with and without a PHBC.Observational cohort study of 6 Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) registries. Population-based sample of 812 164 women undergoing screening, 2003 through 2013.A total of 2 048 994 digital mammography and/or breast MRI screening episodes (mammogram alone vs MRI with or without screening mammogram within 30 days).Biopsy intensity (surgical greater than core greater than fine-needle aspiration) and yield (invasive cancer greater than ductal carcinoma in situ greater than high-risk benign greater than benign) within 90 days of a screening episode. We computed age-adjusted rates of biopsy intensity (per 1000 screening episodes) and biopsy yield (per 1000 screening episodes with biopsies). Outcomes were stratified by PHBC and by BCSC 5-year breast cancer risk among women without PHBC.We included 101 103 and 1 939 455 mammogram screening episodes in women with and without PHBC, respectively; MRI screening episodes included 3763 with PHBC and 4673 without PHBC. Age-adjusted core and surgical biopsy rates (per 1000 episodes) doubled (57.1; 95% CI, 50.3-65.1) following MRI compared with mammography (23.6; 95% CI, 22.4-24.8) in women with PHBC. Differences (per 1000 episodes) were even larger in women without PHBC: 84.7 (95% CI, 75.9-94.9) following MRI and 14.9 (95% CI, 14.7-15.0) following mammography episodes. Ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive biopsy yield (per 1000 episodes) was significantly higher following mammography compared with MRI episodes in women with PHBC (mammography, 404.6; 95% CI, 381.2-428.8; MRI, 267.6; 95% CI, 208.0-337.8) and nonsignificantly higher, but in the same direction, in women without PHBC (mammography, 279.3; 95% CI, 274.2-284.4; MRI, 214.6; 95% CI, 158.7-280.8). High-risk benign lesions were more commonly identified following MRI regardless of PHBC. Higher biopsy rates and lower cancer yield following MRI were not explained by increasing age or higher 5-year breast cancer risk.Women with and without PHBC who undergo screening MRI experience higher biopsy rates coupled with significantly lower cancer yield findings following biopsy compared with screening mammography alone. Further work is needed to identify women who will benefit from screening MRI to ensure an acceptable benefit-to-harm ratio.
Eosinophil depletion suppresses radiation-induced small intestinal fibrosis
Authors: Naoki Takemura, Yosuke Kurashima, Yuki Mori, Kazuki Okada, Takayuki Ogino, Hideki Osawa, Hirosih Matsuno, Lamichhane Aayam, Satoshi Kaneto, Eun Jeong Park, Shintaro Sato, Kouta Matsunaga, Yusuke Tamura, Yasuo Ouchi, Yutaro Kumagai, Daichi Kobayashi, Yutaka Suzuki, Yoshichika Yoshioka, Junichi Nishimura, Masaki Mori, Ken J. Ishii, Mark E. Rothenberg, Hiroshi Kiyono, Shizuo Akira, Satoshi Uematsu
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2018)

Radiation-induced intestinal fibrosis (RIF) is a serious complication after abdominal radiotherapy for pelvic tumor or peritoneal metastasis. Herein, we show that RIF is mediated by eosinophil interactions with α-smooth muscle actin-positive (α-SMA+) stromal cells. Abdominal irradiation caused RIF especially in the submucosa (SM) of the small intestine, which was associated with the excessive accumulation of eosinophils in both human and mouse. Eosinophil-deficient mice showed markedly ameliorated RIF, suggesting the importance of eosinophils. After abdominal irradiation, chronic crypt cell death caused elevation of extracellular adenosine triphosphate, which in turn activated expression of C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11) by pericryptal α-SMA+ cells in the SM to attract eosinophils in mice. Inhibition of C-C chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) by genetic deficiency or neutralizing antibody (Ab) treatment suppressed eosinophil accumulation in the SM after irradiation in mice, suggesting a critical role of the CCL11/CCR3 axis in the eosinophil recruitment. Activated α-SMA+ cells also expressed granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to activate eosinophils. Transforming growth factor-β1 from GM-CSF-stimulated eosinophils promoted collagen expression by α-SMA+ cells. In translational studies, treatment with a newly developed interleukin-5 receptor α-targeting Ab, analogous to the human agent benralizumab, depleted intestinal eosinophils and suppressed RIF in mice. Collectively, we identified eosinophils as a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of RIF and showed potential therapeutic strategies for RIF by targeting eosinophils.
Abstract 13757: The Transcoronary Gradient of Circulating Mir-34a is Associated With the Development and Progression of Coronary Atherosclerosis - Insights From Oct-studies
Authors: David M Leistner, Stephan P Fichtlscherer, Claudia Thome, Tino Roexe, Nils Boeckel, Sophia Reis, Marga Müller-Ardogan, Stefanie Dimmeler, Andreas M Zeiher
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction:  Micro-RNAs were experimentally shown to contribute to atherosclerotic plaque formation and stability. In order to establish a potential pathophysiological role of miR-34a,a regulator of endothelial senescence and apoptosis,we correlated transcoronary concentration-gradients of miR-34a with coronary pathomorphology.   Methods:  Blood samples were simultaneously obtained from the aorta and the coronary sinus in 35 patients and plasma concentrations of miR-34a were measured by PCR. Comprehensive evaluation of the epicardial artery vessel wall by optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed to quantitate coronary plaque load, the extent of coronary remodelling as well as the quality of coronary plaques along the entire vessel length of the LAD and LCX.   Results:  There was a significant positive correlation for transcoronary gradients of miR-34a with the overall coronary plaque burden (r=0.6; p   Conclusions:  The present study is the first to document an association between vulnerable coronary plaque load and the release of the athero-aggressive miR-34a. The results demonstrate a close association between increasing coronary plaque load, plaque instability and vessel-remodelling and transcoronary gradients of miR-34a , and indicate the potential of measuring miR-34a as a useful biomarker for the identification of vulnerable patients.
Development and Course of Scars in the Comparison of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Treatments Trials
Authors: Ebenezer Daniel, Wei Pan, Gui-shuang Ying, Benjamin J. Kim, Juan E. Grunwald, Frederick L. Ferris, Glenn J. Jaffe, Cynthia A. Toth, Daniel F. Martin, Stuart L. Fine, Maureen G. Maguire
Journal: Ophthalmology (2018)
Clinical Drug Candidate MIDD0301 is a Novel Oral Asthma Treatment combating Inflammation and Muscle Constriction in the Lung
Authors: Leggy A. Arnold, Gloria Forkuo, Amanda Nieman, Oliva Yu, Margaret Guthrie, Revathi Kodali, Michael Stephen, Charles W. Emala, Gene Yocum, James Cook, Douglas Stafford, Mitchell H. Grayson
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Relationship between serum urate concentration and clinically evident incident gout: an individual participant data analysis
Authors: Nicola Dalbeth, Amanda Phipps-Green, Christopher Frampton, Tuhina Neogi, William J Taylor, Tony R Merriman
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

To provide estimates of the cumulative incidence of gout according to baseline serum urate.Using individual participant data from four publicly available cohorts (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study, and both the Original and Offspring cohorts of the Framingham Heart Study), the cumulative incidence of clinically evident gout was calculated according to baseline serum urate category. Cox proportional hazards modelling was used to evaluate the relation of baseline urate categories to risk of incident gout.This analysis included 18 889 participants who were gout-free at baseline, with mean (SD) 11.2 (4.2) years and 212 363 total patient-years of follow-up. The cumulative incidence at each time point varied according to baseline serum urate concentrations, with 15-year cumulative incidence (95% CI) ranging from 1.1% (0.9 to 1.4) for <6 mg/dL to 49% (31 to 67) for ≥10 mg/dL. Compared with baseline serum urate <6 mg/dL, the adjusted HR for baseline serum urate 6.0-6.9 mg/dL was 2.7, for 7.0-7.9 mg/dL was 6.6, for 8.0-8.9 mg/dL was 15, for 9.0-9.9 mg/dL was 30, and for ≥10 mg/dL was 64.Serum urate level is a strong non-linear concentration-dependent predictor of incident gout. Nonetheless, only about half of those with serum urate concentrations ≥10mg/dL develop clinically evident gout over 15 years, implying a role for prolonged hyperuricaemia and additional factors in the pathogenesis of gout.
P067 Il-17 resulting from cell interactions during chronic inflammation: comparison between joint-derived- and skin-derived-mesenchymal cells
Authors: M Noack, P Miossec
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

Immunogenomic and Inflammation Unit, Hospital Edouard Herriot, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France <h3>Introduction</h3> IL-17, mainly produced by Th17 cells, is a major pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in several chronic inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, during chronic inflammation, immune cells, notably Th17 cells, migrate to the inflammatory site, synovium or skin for example, and interact with the local mesenchymal cells (synoviocytes or skin fibroblasts). <h3>Objectives</h3> The aim is to study and compare the effect of cellular interactions between immune cells and mesenchymal cells (MC) from different origins on pro-inflammatory cytokine production, with a focus on IL-17, and to identify the involved mechanisms. <h3>Methods</h3> A co-culture system with MC (synoviocytes or skin fibroblasts) and PBMC was developed. MC were cultured overnight and PBMC were seeded at a 5:1 ratio for 48 hour, in the presence or not of TCR activation with PHA. Transwell system was used to study cell-cell contact. Monocytes were removed to study their involvement. An antibody against podoplanin was pre-incubated with PBMC before co-culture. Supernatants were collected at 48 hour and IL-6, IL-1β and IL-17 production measured by ELISA. Extracellular (CD3, CD4) and intracellular (IL-17) staining of PBMC was analysed by flow cytometry. <h3>Results</h3> In control conditions, IL-6 and IL-1β production was increased more than 20 fold and 10 fold respectively, in PBMC-MC co-culture compared to PBMC alone (p≤0.05). No additional effect was observed with PBMC activation. Flow cytometry showed no significant difference in the percentage of Th17 cells in activated-PBMC alone or co-cultured with MC (p=0.4). Conversely, IL-17 production was highly increased at least 10 fold only in co-cultures with activated-PBMC (p≤0.02). Transwell experiments confirm that cell-cell contact was critical for IL-17 secretion. The removal of monocytes highly decreased the IL-1β production by 80%–90% (p≤0.05) with both MC, while the IL-17 secretion was decreased with skin fibroblasts by 60% but not with synoviocytes. The inhibition of podoplanin, interaction molecule involved in the modulation of IL-8 secretion during synoviocyte-platelet interactions, was tested. The addition of an anti-podoplanin antibody decreased significantly IL-17 secretion by 60%, similarly with skin fibroblasts and synoviocytes. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Cellular interactions between mesenchymal cells and immune cells play a major role in the pro-inflammatory cytokine production, leading to a heightened IL-17 secretion. The podoplanin molecule seems play a crucial role in this mechanism. Nevertheless, the inhibition of IL-17 remains only partial that means podoplanin is one of the involved mechanisms but others have to be identified. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None declared