tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Use of Health Care Databases to Support Supplemental Indications of Approved Medications
Authors: Michael Fralick, Aaron S. Kesselheim, Jerry Avorn, Sebastian Schneeweiss
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

Manufacturers of US Food and Drug Administration-approved prescription drugs often apply for additional indications based on randomized clinical trials. Real-world database analyses on a medication's use and outcomes in routine settings of care might help to inform decision making regarding such supplemental indications.To examine whether longitudinal data from a health care database can support the results of a randomized clinical trial that led to a supplemental indication for telmisartan.This cohort study of patients newly prescribed telmisartan or ramipril used insurance claims data from a nationwide health care database from January 1, 2003, through September 30, 2009, to compare patient outcomes. This study replicated the inclusion and exclusion criteria used in the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in Combination with Ramipril Global End-point Trial (ONTARGET) and used propensity score matching to balance 74 patient characteristics. Data analysis was performed from February 15, 2017, to May 24, 2017.Telmisartan use vs ramipril use.The primary outcome was a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, or hospitalization for congestive heart failure.Of the 640 951 patients included in the study, 48 053 were newly prescribed ramipril (mean [SD] age, 68.29 [9.52] years; 31 940 male [66.5%]) and 4665 were newly prescribed telmisartan (mean [SD] age, 69.43 [9.60] years; 2413 male [51.7%]). After propensity score matching, a total of 4665 patients were newly prescribed telmisartan (mean [SD] age, 69.43 [9.60] years; 2413 [51.7%]), and 4665 patients were newly prescribed ramipril (mean [SD] age, 69.36 [9.67] years; 2343 male [50.2%]). As seen in ONTARGET, the composite risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, and hospitalization for congestive heart failure was similar for the 2 medications (hazard ratio, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.9-1.1). In addition, the study found that telmisartan was associated with a substantially decreased risk of angioedema (hazard ratio, 0.1; 95% CI, 0.03-0.56) compared with ramipril.Real-world data analyses of patients receiving routine care provided findings similar to those found in the randomized clinical trial that established telmisartan's supplemental indication. In certain situations, database studies may support supplemental applications for effectiveness for already approved medications.
Interpreting risky behavior as a contextually appropriate response: Significance and policy implications beyond socioeconomic status
Authors: Timothy Brezina
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract The significance of the contextually appropriate response perspective (CARP) can be judged, in part, by its potential to stimulate new research and guide public policy. To illustrate this potential, I move beyond socioeconomic status differences in behavior and apply CARP to broader, policy-relevant issues in criminology. In this area, CARP sheds new light on some old problems.
P1.07-028 Dual Role of the Focal Adhesion Kinase in Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Frank Aboubakar Nana, Marylène Lecocq, Maha Ladjemi, Bruno Detry, Sebastien Dupasquier, Pierre Massion, Yves Sibille, Yves Sibille, Charles Pilette, Charles Pilette, Sebahat Ocak, Sebahat Ocak
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
S-1/oxaliplatin (SOX) plus bevacizumab (Bev) as first line followed by S-1/irinotecan (IRIS) plus cetuximab (Cmab) as second line therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) (SOBIC trial)
Authors: Y. Nakamoto, R. Mikami, M. Umeki, Y. Tokunaga, T. Okumoto, T. Kawamura, H. Fujiwara, S. Doi, M. Noda, N. Tomita
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
US neurologist escapes jail for alleged serial sexual assaults but faces more accusers
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2017)

A neurologist who used his specialized knowledge of rare diseases to trap female patients into abusive doctor-patient relationships has escaped jail in a Pennsylvania court but will never practice again. He also faces live police investigations in two other US states where he previously worked.

Ricardo Cruciani, 63, pleaded guilty to indecent assault, indecent exposure, and harassment charges relating to seven patients he saw in 2016 while he was chair of Drexel University’s neurology department in Philadelphia. Under a plea agreement he will serve seven years’ probation, register as a sex offender, and forfeit his medical license. He was fired from Drexel in March.

Police are investigating complaints from 10 other women over alleged abuse by Cruciani in previous jobs, …
Linkage, whole genome sequence, and biological data implicate variants in RAB10 in Alzheimer’s disease resilience
Authors: Perry G. Ridge, Celeste M. Karch, Simon Hsu, Ivan Arano, Craig C. Teerlink, Mark T. W. Ebbert, Josue D. Gonzalez Murcia, James M. Farnham, Anna R. Damato, Mariet Allen, Xue Wang, Oscar Harari, Victoria M. Fernandez, Rita Guerreiro, Jose Bras, John Hardy, Ronald Munger, Maria Norton, Celeste Sassi, Andrew Singleton, Steven G. Younkin, Dennis W. Dickson, Todd E. Golde, Nathan D. Price, Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner, Carlos Cruchaga, Alison M. Goate, Christopher Corcoran, JoAnn Tschanz, Lisa A. Cannon-Albright, John S. K. Kauwe
Journal: Genome Medicine (2017)

While age and the APOE ε4 allele are major risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), a small percentage of individuals with these risk factors exhibit AD resilience by living well beyond 75 years of age without any clinical symptoms of cognitive decline. We used over 200 "AD resilient" individuals and an innovative, pedigree-based approach to identify genetic variants that segregate with AD resilience. First, we performed linkage analyses in pedigrees with resilient individuals and a statistical excess of AD deaths. Second, we used whole genome sequences to identify candidate SNPs in significant linkage regions. Third, we replicated SNPs from the linkage peaks that reduced risk for AD in an independent dataset and in a gene-based test. Finally, we experimentally characterized replicated SNPs. Rs142787485 in RAB10 confers significant protection against AD (p value = 0.0184, odds ratio = 0.5853). Moreover, we replicated this association in an independent series of unrelated individuals (p value = 0.028, odds ratio = 0.69) and used a gene-based test to confirm a role for RAB10 variants in modifying AD risk (p value = 0.002). Experimentally, we demonstrated that knockdown of RAB10 resulted in a significant decrease in Aβ42 (p value = 0.0003) and in the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio (p value = 0.0001) in neuroblastoma cells. We also found that RAB10 expression is significantly elevated in human AD brains (p value = 0.04). Our results suggest that RAB10 could be a promising therapeutic target for AD prevention. In addition, our gene discovery approach can be expanded and adapted to other phenotypes, thus serving as a model for future efforts to identify rare variants for AD and other complex human diseases.
Rapidly Changing Skin Lesion in a Teenage Boy
Authors: Hannah Song, Patricia Todd, Jennifer T. Huang
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Outcomes of a Dignity Therapy/Life Plan intervention for advanced cancer patients undergoing treatment.
Authors: Ann Marie Dose, Pamela J McCabe, Jeff A. Sloan
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

177 Background: Dignity Therapy (DT) is a psychosocial intervention used primarily at the end of life to improve quality of life and promote patient dignity, but many individuals are unable to complete it due to health decline/death. In addition, when individuals face potential mortality, they evaluate life plans to determine tasks and behaviors most important to them. Consistent with guidelines to provide palliative care interventions simultaneously with cancer treatment, the purpose of this study was to evaluate initial patient-reported outcomes of an intervention combination (Dignity Therapy + Life Plan [DT/LP]) for those with advanced pancreatic or lung cancer receiving treatment within a year of diagnosis. Methods: This was a single-arm, Phase I/II pilot study, conducted in the outpatient setting at an NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center. Dignity Therapy consisted of a focused life review intervention delivered during three outpatient oncology encounters for each patient. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and edited to produce a legacy document. Participants scribed a list of 3-6 life goals for the LP intervention. Outcomes measured at baseline, immediately post DT/LP, and 3 months later were distress (Distress Thermometer), quality of life (FACT and LASA), spirituality (FaCIT-Sp-12), dignity (Patient Dignity Inventory), and purpose in life (Purpose in Life Test- Short Form). Data were analyzed with one-sample, two-sided t-tests (alternate: Wilcoxan). Results: Eighteen advanced pancreatic or lung cancer patients enrolled, mean age 64. There were no significant differences among all variables from baseline to post-DT/LP and 3 months later, with the exception of less distress experienced between baseline and 3 months after DT/LP ( p= 0.04). Conclusions: The DT/LP intervention did not show improvements in these psychosocial outcomes, but patients with advanced cancer typically experience worsening physical and psychosocial symptoms with active treatment. Therefore, maintaining these outcomes from baseline is a worthy goal, as we may be preventing further morbidity in an advanced cancer population. Further research is needed, however, given this small sample size. Clinical trial information: NCT02132325.
P3.04-008 CATS: Computed Tomography-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery - A Novel Approach in Patients with Deep Intrapulmonary Lesions of Unknown Dignity
Authors: Peter Hohenberger, Michael Kostrewa, Kerim Kara, Nils Rathmann, Christian Manegold, Charalambos Tsagogiorgas, Stefan Schoenberg, Steffen Diehl, Eric Rößner
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)
A retrospective study of amrubicin monotherapy for the treatment of relapsed small cell lung cancer in elderly patients
Authors: T. Sugiyama, H. Imai, T. Tamura, H. Minemura, K. Kaira, K. Kanazawa, H. Yokouchi, T. Kasai, T. Kaburagi, K. Minato
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
Resurgence of scarlet fever in England, 2014–16: a population-based surveillance study
Authors: Theresa Lamagni, Rebecca Guy, Meera Chand, Katherine L Henderson, Victoria Chalker, James Lewis, Vanessa Saliba, Alex J Elliot, Gillian E Smith, Stephen Rushton, Elizabeth A Sheridan, Mary Ramsay, Alan P Johnson
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2017)
Prevalence of Prior Cancer Among Persons Newly Diagnosed With Cancer
Authors: Caitlin C. Murphy, David E. Gerber, Sandi L. Pruitt
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2017)

The US cancer survivor population is rapidly growing. Cancer survivors are frequently excluded from cancer clinical trials and observational research.To examine prevalence of prior cancer among individuals newly diagnosed with cancer.Linked observations across the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program of cancer registries (1975-2013) for 740 990 persons newly diagnosed with cancer from January 2009 through December 2013. Prevalence of prior cancer was estimated by age (<65 years vs ≥65 years) and incident cancer type.Prevalence of prior cancer was derived from SEER sequence numbers, which represent the order of all primary reportable tumors diagnosed in a lifetime. Incident cancers were categorized as: (1) first or only primary; (2) second order or higher primary in the same cancer site; and (3) second order or higher primary in a different cancer site.Of 765 843 incident cancers diagnosed between 2009 and 2013, 141 021 (18.4%) represented a second order or higher primary cancer. Overall, approximately one-fourth (25.2%) of older (≥65 years) and 11% of younger adults newly diagnosed with cancer had a history of prior cancer. Prevalence of prior cancer ranged from 3.5% to 36.9% according to incident cancer type and age, with most prior cancers diagnosed in a different cancer site.A substantial proportion of patients diagnosed with incident cancer in the United States have survived a prior cancer. These patients may be excluded from clinical trials and underrepresented in observational research, and little is known about their treatment and survivorship needs. Understanding the nature and impact of prior cancer is critical to improving clinical trial accrual and generalizability, disease outcomes, and patient experience.
Indemnización por accidentes de trabajo e infecciones ocupacionales por VIH en el personal sanitario alemán
Authors: J Jarke
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1999)

A finales de 1997, se habian declarado en todo el mundo 286 casos de infecciones por VIH de origen ocupacional (1). Un tercio de estos casos (95), por lo general asociados a una seroconversion tras una exposicion especificamente ocupacional, fue clasificado como infecciones ocupacionales confirmadas. Las infecciones restantes (191) se clasificaron como ocupacionales posibles. Tres de los 95 casos confirmados (2,3) y 22 de los 191 casos posibles de infeccion ocupacional por VIH, se registraron en personal sanitario aleman (1).
Prognosis of immune-tolerant phase chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Chia-Ming Chu, Yun-Fan Liaw
Journal: Gut (2017)

We read with great surprise the article by Kim et al 1  reporting high risks of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and death in patients with untreated chronic hepatitis B who were classified by them as patients in ‘immune-tolerant’ (IT) phase. This conclusion contradicts to the general belief that there is little or no disease progression during the IT phase of chronic HBV infection, as best demonstrated in a 5-year histological follow-up study.2 Some issues of serious concern on this study, especially their IT phase patients, require clarification and further discussion to minimise misleading messages.

IT phase of perinatally acquired chronic HBV infection is typically seen in Asian children or young adults with high HBV DNA, normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hepatitis B e-antigen (HBeAg) seropositivity and normal or minimal …
Nanoparticulate peptide delivery exclusively to the brain produces tolerance free analgesia
Authors: Lisa Godfrey, Antonio Iannitelli, Natalie L. Garrett, Julian Moger, Ian Imbert, Tamara King, Frank Porreca, Ramesh Soundararajan, Aikaterini Lalatsa, Andreas G. Schätzlein, Ijeoma F. Uchegbu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2017)

The delivery of peptide drugs to the brain is challenging, principally due to the blood brain barrier and the low metabolic stability of peptides. Exclusive delivery to the brain with no peripheral exposure has hitherto not been demonstrated with brain quantification data. Here we show that polymer nanoparticles encapsulating leucine5-enkephalin hydrochloride (LENK) are able to transport LENK exclusively to the brain via the intranasal route, with no peripheral exposure and nanoparticle localisation is observed within the brain parenchyma. Animals dosed with LENK nanoparticles (NM0127) showed a strong anti-nociceptive response in multiple assays of evoked and on going pain whereas animals dosed intranasally with LENK alone were unresponsive. Animals did not develop tolerance to the anti-hyperalgesic activity of NM0127 and NM0127 was active in morphine tolerant animals. A microparticulate formulation of clustered nanoparticles was prepared to satisfy regulatory requirements for nasal dosage forms and the polymer nanoparticles alone were found to be biocompatible, via the nasal route, on chronic dosing.
Abstract 19913: Eating Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Enriched Chicken-Meat and Eggs Results in Increased Plasma Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Levels and an Improved Omega-3-Index
Authors: Alice V Stanton, Kathleen Shortall, Thora El-Sayed, Fiona O’Donovan, Kirstyn James, Jean Kennedy, Heather Hayes, Alan Fahey, Eamon Dolan, David Williams, Niamh Moran
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Greater consumption of oily fish, and elevated plasma levels of the long-chain marine-derived omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaen...
Letter by Violi et al Regarding Article, “Distinct Regulatory Effects of Myeloid Cell and Endothelial Cell NAPDH Oxidase 2 on Blood Pressure”
Authors: Francesco Violi, Claudio Letizia, Roberto Carnevale
Journal: Circulation (2017)

To the Editor: Nox2 is among the most important cellular producers of reactive oxidant species, which play a major role for bacteria defense by innate immune cells. 1 However, Nox2 is also expressed by artery vessels, where it possesses a vasoconstrictive property. 1Thus, compared with controls, in patients with chronic granulomatous disease, a rare illness characterized prevalently by X-linked Nox2 hereditary deficiency and life-threatening infections, 1 an enhanced artery dilatation was detected. 2,3This functional change was attributed to enhanced nitric oxide generation or impaired formation of F2 isoprostane, which is a chemically stable eicosanoid with a vasoconstrictive property. 1Sag et al 4 recently reported that basal blood pressure (BP) was reduced in myeloid Nox2 knockout animals but not in those with endothelial Nox2.Conversely, endothelial Nox2 was relevant for angiotensin II-induced hypertension, which in fact was blunted in endothelial Nox2 knockout animals.Thus, the authors 4 suggested that Nox2 might represent a new target to modulate BP, but as correctly acknowledged, investigation of chronic granulomatous disease should be the determinant to further substantiate this hypothesis.Actually, the impact of Nox2 deficiency on BP has already been reported in 2 separate multicenter studies, which found no change of basal BP in patients with chronic granulomatous disease compared with controls. 1Thus, the coexistence of Nox2 deficiency in different cell types (ie, myeloid and endothelial cells) does not seem to result in a change of BP as conversely depicted by the Sag et al 4 experimental study.However, the Sag et al 4 study intriguingly indicates that in a particular clinical setting (ie, angiotensin IIrelated hypertension), the use of Nox2 inhibitors might be useful.Indirect support for this hypothesis is provided by a study performed in patients with elevated BP because of primary aldosteronism and patients with essential hypertension showing Nox2 upregulation along with F2 isoprostanes elevation in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism. 5It is important to note that after adrenalectomy, BP returned to normal values coincidentally with a significant decrease of Nox2 and F2 isoprostanes.This result is in agreement with the authors' hypothesis on the potential effectiveness of Nox2 inhibitors in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system hypertension and suggests an interventional study to test this hypothesis.
Prognostic factors of patients received immunocheckpoint inhibitors in oncology phase 1 trials
Authors: T. Ebata, T. Shimizu, S. Iizumi, T. Koyama, A. Shimomura, S. Iwasa, S. Kondo, S. Kitano, K. Yonemori, Y. Fujiwara, N. Yamamoto
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2017)
DNA damaging effects of nanoparticles in breast cancer cells
Authors: Sara Pacheco, Hamid Mashayekhi, Wei Jiang, Baoshan Xing, Kathleen Arcaro
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

3477  Environmental nanoparticles (or colloids) include inorganic particles and biopolymers in the size range of 1-100 nm. Environmental colloids are small enough to allow them to behave in a similar manner to soluble compounds, but large enough to participate in additional processes such as the transport of inorganic and organic, vital or detrimental compounds in aquatic systems due to their numerous binding sites. Engineered nanoparticles are increasingly being used for commercial purposes such as fillers, catalysts, semiconductors, cosmetics, microelectronics and drug carriers. Some studies suggest that nanoparticles are not inherently benign and that they affect biological behaviors at the cellular, subcellular, and protein levels. Moreover, some nanoparticles readily travel throughout the body, deposit in target organs, penetrate cell membranes, lodge into mitochondria, and may trigger injurious responses. In the present research we examined the ability of two types of nanoparticle suspensions to cause DNA damage in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Stable aqueous suspensions of colloidal silica and C60 fullerenes free of toxic organic solvents were prepared as follows. Fullerene water suspension was prepared by dissolving pure C60 powder in benzene. Then DI water was added to this solution and the two phase mixture was sonicated at high power for several hours until all benzene was evaporated. The LUDOX CL colloidal silica suspension in water (Sigma Aldrich), was adjusted to a pH of 7 with 0.1mol/L NaOH and diluted as needed. The genotoxicity of these suspensions was evaluated in breast cancer cells using the single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay). The Comet assay demonstrated genotoxicity for both types of suspensions. The mean Olive tail moments (OTM) for the C60 fullerene suspensions (.70 mg/L and 1.36 mg/L) were 6.17 and 8.23, respectively, which in comparison to the negative control OTM of 1.23 are statistically significant (p
The Costs and Benefits of Hospital Care by Primary Physicians
Authors: Lisa L. Willett, C. Seth Landefeld
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal