tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Creation of an assessment system for measuring the bitterness of azithromycin-containing reverse micelles
Authors: Ri Huang, Yadan Zhang, Tao Wang, Liao Shen, Zhen Zhang, Yang Wang, Dongqin Quan
Journal: Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (2018)

We aimed to develop a novel method for assessing the bitterness of azithromycin-containing reverse micelles (AM-containing RMs). Azithromycin-containing reverse micelles were prepared by processing Lipoid E80 and medium chain triglycerides via a freeze-drying method. The bitterness threshold of azithromycin was determined by human taste test, and an equation was derived to correlate the azithromycin concentrations and bitterness scores of standard solutions. Simulated salivary fluids and sampling times were fixed based on the drug release profile of AM-containing RMs, with Zithromax® (a commercial formulation of azithromycin) used as the control. The drug release concentrations from stimulated salivary fluids were then used to assess the bitterness of AM-containing RMs and Zithromax®. Afterward, the oral bioavailability of both formulations was evaluated by in vivo experiments in male Wistar rats. The results showed that the bitterness threshold of azithromycin standard solutions was between 25.3 µg/ml and 30.4 µg/ml. Thereafter, we calculated that the bitterness scores and the drug release concentrations of the azithromycin-containing reverse micelle formulation were similar to those of Zithromax® at each time point after 10 min of dispersal in simulated salivary fluid. In addition, the AUC0−t after oral administration of AM-containing RMs was 1.75-fold (P < 0.05) higher than that of Zithromax®. In conclusions, a system for assessing bitterness was developed using an in vitro drug release evaluation method and a human taste test panel. We found that the bitterness of azithromycin was successfully masked by reverse micelles, which also improved the oral bioavailability of azithromycin compared to that of Zithromax®.
SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF CONCOMITANTLY USED DIRECT ORAL ANTICOAGULANT AND AMIODARONE IN PATIENTS WITH NON-VALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: A META-ANALYSIS OF PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIALS
Authors: Bradley Peltzer, Florentino Lupercio, Jorge Romero, Carola Maraboto Gonzalez, David Briceno, Pedro Villablanca, Kevin Ferrick, Jay Gross, Soo Gyum Kim, John D. Fisher, Luigi Di Biase, Andrew Krumerman
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Letter by Ye et al Regarding Article, “Early Use of <i>N</i> -Acetylcysteine With Nitrate Therapy in Patients Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Reduces Myocardial Infarct Size (the NACIAM Trial [ <i>N</i> -Acetylcysteine in Acute Myocardial Infarction])”
Authors: Ziliang Ye, Qiang Su, Lang Li
Journal: Circulation (2018)

eralized linear model is conducted for data analysis, the results of this study will be perfect.
Comparison of nutritional status of children aged 6–59 months between households receiving unconditional cash transfers and those receiving dry food rations in Rwamwanja refugee settlement, Uganda: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Susan Karuhanga
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2018)

BackgroundUganda is currently host to more than 1·2 million refugees from neighbouring countries. Women and children make up more than 54%. Food is distributed to address the nutritional needs of the refugees. Recently, unconditional cash transfers have also been provided to some refugee households to help in diet diversification. It is unclear whether cash transfers offer better nutritional outcomes than food rations. This study compared the nutritional status of children aged 6–59 months between households receiving cash transfers and those receiving dry food rations in Rwamwanja refugee settlement.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was done in May, 2017, and included 497 children aged 6–59 months (247 [50%] boys and 250 [50%] girls) from 316 households. Structured questionnaires and key informant interviews were conducted among caregivers and focal people from different organisations in the refugee settlement. Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometric measurement. ENA for SMART version 13 software was used to convert nutritional data into Z-score indices of weight-for-age (underweight), height-for-age (stunting), and weight-for-height (wasting), which are less than −2SD of the WHO Growth Standard chart. Data were analysed using Stata version 13 to obtain odds ratio (OR) and prevalence rate ratio (PRR).FindingsThe prevalence of stunting among children 6–59 months was 46·7% (95% CI 40·4–53·2) in households receiving cash and 49·4% (44·0–54·8) in households receiving dry food rations. The prevalence of underweight was 19·6% (95% CI 15·0–25·1) in households receiving cash and 25·3% (21·0–23.0) in households receiving food. The prevalence of wasting was 2·1% (95% CI 0·9–4·9) in households receiving cash and 3·5% (2·0–6·1) in households receiving food. Prevalence of stunting among recipients of dry food was two times higher in the 12–23 month age group (adjusted PRR 2·37, 95% CI 1·24–4·54) and two times higher in the 24–35 month age group (2·30, 1·17–4·51) than in the 6–11 month age group. Children from households with female caretakers were less likely to be underweight than those with male caretakers (adjusted PRR 0·47, 95% CI 0·02–0·99). Among recipients of cash transfer, children who were not immunised for measles vaccine were five times more likely to be wasted than children who were immunised (adjusted OR 4·50, 95% CI 1·08–18·83).InterpretationPrevalence of stunting was high in the refugee settlement, and nutritional status of children in households receiving cash was not better than those receiving dry food rations. Cash transfer was preferred by most households. From this study, we recommend promotion of cash transfers in refugee settlements in Uganda.FundingNone.
Alcohol-Related Nurse Care Management in Primary Care
Authors: Katharine A. Bradley, Jennifer F. Bobb, Evette J. Ludman, Laura J. Chavez, Andrew J. Saxon, Joseph O. Merrill, Emily C. Williams, Eric J. Hawkins, Ryan M. Caldeiro, Carol E. Achtmeyer, Diane M. Greenberg, Gwen T. Lapham, Julie E. Richards, Amy K. Lee, Daniel R. Kivlahan
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

Experts recommend that alcohol use disorders (AUDs) be managed in primary care, but effective approaches are unclear.To test whether 12 months of alcohol care management, compared with usual care, improved drinking outcomes among patients with or at high risk for AUDs.This randomized clinical trial was conducted at 3 Veterans Affairs (VA) primary care clinics. Between October 11, 2011, and September 30, 2014, the study enrolled 304 outpatients who reported heavy drinking (≥4 drinks per day for women and ≥5 drinks per day for men).Nurse care managers offered outreach and engagement, repeated brief counseling using motivational interviewing and shared decision making about treatment options, and nurse practitioner-prescribed AUD medications (if desired), supported by an interdisciplinary team (CHOICE intervention). The comparison was usual primary care.Primary outcomes, assessed by blinded telephone interviewers at 12 months, were percentage of heavy drinking days in the prior 28 days measured by timeline follow-back interviews and a binary good drinking outcome, defined as abstinence or drinking below recommended limits in the prior 28 days (according to timeline follow-back interviews) and no alcohol-related symptoms in the past 3 months as measured by the Short Inventory of Problems.Of 304 participants, 275 (90%) were male, 206 (68%) were white, and the mean (SD) age was 51.4 (13.8) years. At baseline, both the CHOICE intervention (n = 150) and usual care (n = 154) groups reported heavy drinking on 61% of days (95% CI, 56%-66%). During the 12-month intervention, 137 of 150 patients in the intervention group (91%) had at least 1 nurse visit, and 77 of 150 (51%) had at least 6 nurse visits. A greater proportion of patients in the intervention group than in the usual care group received alcohol-related care: 42% (95% CI, 35%-49%; 63 of 150 patients) vs 26% (95% CI, 19%-35%; 40 of 154 patients). Alcohol-related care included more AUD medication use: 32% (95% CI, 26%-39%; 48 of 150 patients in the intervention group) vs 8% (95% CI, 5%-13%; 13 of 154 patients in the usual care group). No significant differences in primary outcomes were observed at 12 months between patients in both groups. The percentages of heavy drinking days were 39% (95% CI, 32%-47%) and 35% (95% CI, 28%-42%), and the percentages of patients with a good drinking outcome were 15% (95% CI, 9%-22%; 18 of 124 patients) and 20% (95 % CI, 14%-28%; 27 of 134 patients), in the intervention and usual care groups, respectively (P = .32-.44). Findings at 3 months were similar.The CHOICE intervention did not decrease heavy drinking or related problems despite increased engagement in alcohol-related care.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01400581.
Tyrosine kinase Fyn promotes osteoarthritis by activating the β-catenin pathway
Authors: Kai Li, Yue Zhang, Yuwei Zhang, Wenqing Jiang, Junhui Shen, Song Xu, Daozhang Cai, Jie Shen, Bin Huang, Mangmang Li, Qiancheng Song, Yu Jiang, Anling Liu, Xiaochun Bai
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

To investigate the role of tyrosine kinase Fyn in the development of osteoarthritis (OA) and the underlying mechanisms, and to define whether targeting Fyn could prevent OA in mice.Cartilage samples from normal and aged mice were analysed with proteome-wide screening. Fyn expression was examined with immunofluorescence in human and age-dependent or experimental mouse OA cartilage samples. Experimental OA in Fyn-knockout mice was induced by destabilisation of the medial meniscus. Primary cultured mouse chondrocytes were treated with proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β. The inhibitor of Src kinase family, AZD0530 (saracatinib), and inhibitor of Fyn, PP1, were used to treat experimental OA in mice.Fyn expression was markedly upregulated in human OA cartilage and in cartilage from aged mice and those with post-traumatic OA. Fyn accumulates in articular chondrocytes and interacts directly with and phosphorylates β-catenin at Tyr142, which stabilises β-catenin and promotes its nuclear translocation. The deletion of Fyn effectively delayed the development of post-traumatic and age-dependent OA in mice. Fyn inhibitors AZD0530 and PP1 significantly attenuated OA progression by blocking the β-catenin pathway and reducing the levels of extracellular matrix catabolic enzymes in the articular cartilage.Fyn accumulates and activates β-catenin signalling in chondrocytes, accelerating the degradation of the articular cartilage and OA development. Targeting Fyn is a novel and potentially therapeutic approach to the treatment of OA.
The ROS controversy in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension revisited
Authors: Sébastien Bonnet, Olivier Boucherat
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2018)

<b>A study published in the <i>ERJ</i> investigates the role of superoxide in adaptation of the pulmonary vasculature to chronic hypoxia and adaptation of the right ventricle to increased afterload</b>http://ow.ly/Dj9Q30iwO8R
Lymphatic endothelial cells regulate B-cell homing to lymph nodes via a NIK-dependent mechanism
Authors: Jie Yang, Siya Zhang, Lingyun Zhang, Xiaoping Xie, Hui Wang, Zuliang Jie, Meidi Gu, Jin-Young Yang, Xuhong Cheng, Shao-Cong Sun
Journal: Cellular and Molecular Immunology (2018)
SUBCLINICAL LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION IN WOMEN WITH ANGINA IN THE ABSENCE OF OBSTRUCTIVE CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: A COMPREHENSIVE INVASIVE AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC STUDY
Authors: Sara Bouajila, Vedant Pargaonkar, Yukari Kobayashi, Yuhei Kobayashi, Francois Haddad, Jennifer Tremmel
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Abstract P2-11-13: Meta-analysis of local recurrence of invasive breast cancer after electron intraoperative radiotherapy
Authors: J Harness, C Shah, E Brooks, C Via, F Vicini
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Background: Electron intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) can be used during breast conservation surgery to treat early-stage invasive breast cancer. While IORT may be an attractive alternative to traditional post-operative radiotherapy for many patients, its effectiveness in preventing local recurrence is still being evaluated. Using data from current clinical and observational studies, we aimed to assess the impact of single-fraction electron IORT on local recurrence rates. Methods: Studies on single-fraction electron IORT during breast conservation surgery were identified through a search of PubMed and Google Scholar, as well as secondary referencing. Local recurrence rate was the main outcome of interest. Protocols from each publication were assessed for potential sources of heterogeneity. A meta-analysis of proportions, using binomial distribution to model the within-study variability and a random effects model, was conducted to estimate a pooled local recurrence rate. In order to estimate a 5-year recurrence rate, we applied a single-sample Poisson-normal model to model the probability of events occurring during a fixed period of time (60 months). Results: A total of 13 independent publications were identified for abstraction. The analysis demonstrated a pooled monthly local recurrence rate of 0.02% per person-month (95% CI: 0.00 – 0.06%) for the studies with &amp;lt; 5 years of follow-up, 0.03% per person-month (0.02 – 0.06%) for studies with ≥ 5 years of follow-up, and 0.02% per person-month (0.01 – 0.04%) overall. Based on this model, the predicted 5-year recurrence rate is 2.7%, with a 95% confidence interval of 1.9% - 3.7%. Conclusions: According to the published literature, the rate of breast cancer local recurrence after electron IORT was 0.02% per person-month; with an adjusted 5-year recurrence rate of 2.7%. These findings support the recent guidelines from the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) supporting the use of electron IORT in low-risk patients. Citation Format: Harness J, Shah C, Brooks E, Via C, Vicini F. Meta-analysis of local recurrence of invasive breast cancer after electron intraoperative radiotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-11-13.
Subconsultant grade “in all but name” will be created by Shape of Training review, surgeons warn
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2014)

A subconsultant grade “in all but name” will be created if the recommendations of a major review of postgraduate medical education and training are implemented, surgeons have warned.

The Association of Surgeons in Training has raised several concerns about the UK-wide Shape of Training review, which was led by David Greenaway, vice chancellor of Nottingham University, and published in October 2013.1 Doctors on the trainee committees of four royal medical colleges also warned this month that the review could have “a disastrous impact” on the …
Situs Inversus Totalis and Cholangiocarcinoma of the Gallbladder Detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Ferdinando F. Calabria, Mario Leporace, Antonio Bagnato
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

A 72-year-old woman was examined by F-FDG PET/CT, showing pathologic tracer uptake in the gallbladder. PET/CT also depicted condition of situs inversus totalis, with dextrocardia, liver on the left side and spleen on the right side of the body. These findings were essential to plan and develop laparoscopic cholecystectomy, which diagnosed cholangiocarcinoma. The recognition of anatomical variants and abnormalities by means of hybrid PET/CT imaging is essential in order to plan the best therapeutic approach.
Proposed junior contract is a good deal, Malawana tells ARM
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2016)

The chair of the BMA’s Junior Doctors Committee has said that the proposed new contract for junior doctors in England was a good deal.

Speaking at the BMA’s annual representatives meeting in Belfast on Thursday 23 June, Johann Malawana said that he recognised that juniors had different views on the contract but that he thought it was a good deal.

Junior doctors and final …
Utility of Baseline Transaminase Monitoring During Systemic Terbinafine Therapy for Pediatric Onychomycosis—Reply
Authors: Leslie A. Castelo-Soccio, Adam I. Rubin, Jenna L. Streicher
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Factors Contributing to Higher Health Care Spending in the United States Compared With Other High-Income Countries
Authors: Stephen T. Parente
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
What are the requirements for residence in hospital accommodation as a junior doctor, particularly as a house officer? Is it true that you can get some sort of extra payment if you live in private accommodation?
Authors: Leyla Sanai
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Have a career or related problem that needs answering? Can9t find the right person to point you in the right direction? Log on to the Advice Zone (www.bmjcareers.com/advicezone) for reliable medical careers advice. You can post a question or see if one of our 300 advisers has already answered a similar question. Here is a selection of questions and answers posted on the site.
PREDICTORS AND OUTCOMES OF STAGED VERSUS ONE-TIME COMPLETE REVASCULARIZATION IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIVESSEL CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: INSIGHTS FROM THE VETERANS AFFAIRS (VA) CLINICAL ASSESSMENT, REPORTING, AND TRACKING (CART) PROGRAM
Authors: Peter Hu, Schuyler Jones, Thomas Glorioso, Anna Baron, Gary Grunwald, Stephen Waldo, Thomas M. Maddox, Mladen Vidovich, Subhash Banerjee, Sunil V. Rao
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Cognitive Rehabilitation &amp; Support Following Cancer Treatment
Authors: Victoria Grant, Natalie Rooney
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2018)

35% of patients treated for cancer will experience cancer-related cognitive changes (CRCC). These cognitive difficulties are potentially long term affecting home life, relationships and employment; additionally, impacting significantly on quality of life, self-confidence and independence. The aim was to provide cognitive rehabilitation, enabling self-management for all those experiencing CRCC. To achieve our aim we:-provided training to health, social care, 3rd sector colleagues and OH departments to give guidance on the management of CRCC.-developed information resources for use in primary care and community settings, outlining cognitive rehabilitation strategies relevant to CRCC.- delivered a group-based intervention for patients presenting with more complex CRCC and their caregivers to provide psycho-education around the nature of CRCC, and supported them in the implementation of evidence-based cognitive compensatory strategies. This provided the opportunity for attendees to receive peer and professional support.The group was delivered in hospital and community-based settings ensuring optimal access. We aimed to improve awareness of CRCC in professionals throughout the care process, providing them with information resources and training to equip them to support patients experiencing CRCC. Through group intervention we aimed to improved their quality of life using validation, understanding and development of cognitive strategies. Fifty-nine individuals have attended the programme. Initial analysis indicates a reduction in distress levels associated with cognitive changes. Participants have described benefitting from the programme in helping them understand and self-manage cognitive changes post treatment. They reported that developing cognitive compensation strategies has contributed to increasing their confidence in everyday functioning.
Medical management should be part of all doctors’ jobs, faculty says
Authors: Matthew Limb
Journal: BMJ (2014)

Medical management should be part of all doctors’ roles and not thought of as “an optional extra,” the head of the Faculty of Medical Leadership and Management has said.

Peter Lees, chief executive of the faculty, said that doctors should reject the “crazy” idea that medical management is “something pink and fluffy that you do when you’re old and grey.” Speaking to faculty members in Southampton at their regional conference for the south of England on 20-21 October, he said, “It becomes even more crazy when you look at …
CALCULATED PLASMA VOLUME STATUS PREDICTS EARLY AND LATE OUTCOMES AFTER CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING
Authors: Annette Maznyczka, Mohamad Barakat, Bassey Ussen, Huda Abu-Own, Fadi Jouhra, Olaf Wendler, Shyamsunder Kolvekar, Darlington Okonko
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)