tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exercise training-induced modification of the gut microbiota persists after microbiota colonization and attenuates the response to chemically-induced colitis in gnotobiotic mice
Authors: J. M. Allen, L. J. Mailing, J. Cohrs, C. Salmonson, J. D. Fryer, V. Nehra, V. L. Hale, P. Kashyap, B. A. White, J. A. Woods
Journal: Gut Microbes (2017)

Exercise reduces the risk of inflammatory disease by modulating a variety of tissue and cell types, including those within the gastrointestinal tract. Recent data indicates that exercise can also alter the gut microbiota, but little is known as to whether these changes affect host function. Here, we use a germ-free (GF) animal model to test whether exercise-induced modifications in the gut microbiota can directly affect host responses to microbiota colonization and chemically-induced colitis. Donor mice (n = 19) received access to a running wheel (n = 10) or remained without access (n = 9) for a period of six weeks. After euthanasia, cecal contents were pooled by activity treatment and transplanted into two separate cohorts of GF mice. Two experiments were then conducted. First, mice were euthanized five weeks after the microbiota transplant and tissues were collected for analysis. A second cohort of GF mice were colonized by donor microbiotas for four weeks before dextran-sodium-sulfate was administered to induce acute colitis, after which mice were euthanized for tissue analysis. We observed that microbial transplants from donor (exercised or control) mice led to differences in microbiota β-diversity, metabolite profiles, colon inflammation, and body mass in recipient mice five weeks after colonization. We also demonstrate that colonization of mice with a gut microbiota from exercise-trained mice led to an attenuated response to chemical colitis, evidenced by reduced colon shortening, attenuated mucus depletion and augmented expression of cytokines involved in tissue regeneration. Exercise-induced modifications in the gut microbiota can mediate host-microbial interactions with potentially beneficial outcomes for the host.
Individual clinicians were culpable in blood scandal, says former health secretary
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2017)

The former Labour health secretary for England has told The BMJ that he has seen evidence of individual clinicians’ wrongdoing during his research into the scandal over contaminated blood in the 1970s and 1980s.

In an interview with The BMJ Andy Burnham, currently mayor of Greater Manchester, who has been one of the most vociferous advocates for a fresh inquiry into how contaminated blood transfusions infected thousands of people with hepatitis C and HIV, said that he possessed evidence that could …
In Silico and Ex Vivo Drug Screening Identifies Dasatinib as a Potential Targeted Therapy for T-ALL
Authors: Saara Laukkanen, Petri Pölönen, Toni Grönroos, Heikki Kuusanmäki, Caroline A Heckman, Mika Kontro, Merja Heinäniemi, Olli Lohi
Journal: Blood (2016)
全国日本人データベース(JACVSD)からの2227症例に基づいた心臓血管外科後の大動脈弁置換術のリスクモデル
Authors: Ohira Suguru, Miyata Hiroaki, Doi Kiyoshi, Motomura Noboru, Takamoto Shinichi, Yaku Hitoshi
Journal: Circulation (2016)
A comprehensive approach to evaluating and classifying sun-protective clothing
Authors: N.J. Downs, S.L. Harrison
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2017)

Summary Background National standards for clothing designed to protect the wearer from the harmful effects of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) have been implemented in Australia/New Zealand, Europe and the U.S.A. Industry standards reflect the need to protect the skin by covering a considerable proportion of the potentially exposed body surface area (BSA) and by reducing UVR-transmission through fabric (the Ultraviolet Protection Factor; UPF). Objectives This research aimed to develop a new index for rating sun-protective clothing that incorporates the BSA coverage of the garment in addition to the UPF of the fabric. Methods A mannequin model was fixed to an optical bench and marked with horizontal lines at 1-cm intervals. An algorithm (the Garment Protector Factor; GPF) was developed based on the number of lines visible on the clothed vs. unclothed mannequin and the UPF of the garment textile. This data was collected in 2015/16 and analysed in 2016. Results The GPF weights fabric UPF by BSA coverage above the minimum required by international sun-protective clothing standards for upper-body, lower-body and full-body garments. The GPF increases with BSA coverage of the garment and fabric UPF. Three nominal categories are proposed for the GPF: 0 ≤ GPF &amp;lt; 3 for garments that ‘meet’ minimum standards; 3 ≤ GPF &amp;lt; 6 for garments providing ‘good’ sun protection; and GPF ≥ 6 indicating ‘excellent’ protection. Conclusions Adoption of the proposed rating scheme should encourage manufacturers to design sun-protective garments that exceed the minimum standard for BSA coverage, with positive implications for skin cancer prevention, consumer education and sun-protection awareness.
Oral mucosa is a useful substrate for detecting autoantibodies of mucous membrane pemphigoid
Authors: M. Kamaguchi, H. Iwata, H. Ujiie, K. Izumi, K. Natsuga, W. Nishie, T. Asaka, Y. Kitagawa, H. Shimizu
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2017)

Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a rare autoimmune blistering disease targeting various autoantigens, including the C-terminus of collagen XVII (COL17) and laminin332. Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune blistering disease, affecting the mucosae in 10-20% of cases. COL17, particularly, the non-collagenous (NC)16A domain is the pathogenic epitope for BP.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
SP0102 How to perform a quick and efficient physical examination
Authors: M Doherty
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

The GALS (Gait, Arms, Legs, Spine) screen is a quick and reasonably sensitive way to detect common musculoskeletal (MSK) abnormalities as part of a general medical assessment (1). However, for a person with MSK complaints a detailed assessment is required to determine the diagnosis and the impact of the condition on that person. The key starting point is the history. This needs to be holistic and individualised as the enquiry proceeds since the impact of any condition is person specific and influenced by many factors (e.g. psychosocial factors, illness perceptions, sleep, comorbidity etc.). A thorough history alone usually suggests the single most likely cause for the patient9s problem(s). The history should then guide the subsequent physical examination – an efficient targeted "rapier" approach is recommended in which the practitioner selects the appropriate skills from a range of competencies according to specific elements in the history. This contrasts with a more lengthy hypothesis-free "general screen" in which the same set of uniform procedures is undertaken in each patient. This presentation will cover key principles and considerations of assessment and illustrate how the history guides the subsequent "rapier" examination (2). Examples include: (1) in the <i>history:</i> determination of pain localisation and features that associate with radiated pain; important pain and stiffness characteristics that differentiate mechanical usage-related pain, inflammatory pain, acute crystal synovitis pain, destructive bone pain and neurogenic pain; non-specific symptoms of inflammation (2) in the <i>examination:</i> usual order of inspection at rest, inspection during movement, then palpation at rest and during movement of symptomatic regions; contrasting clinical findings that quickly differentiate joint and peri-articular problems; initial selection of the movement(s) that is affected first and most severely by arthropathy - the tight pack position(s); detection of "stress pain" (pain worse in tight-pack positions but reduced/absent in loose-pack positions - the most sensitive sign of inflammation); examination for effusion, soft-tissue and firm swelling; use of resisted active movements and stress tests for peri-articular lesions; a targeted screen for asymptomatic disease prompted by main diagnosis. EULAR learning resources available at http://www.eular.org/edu_training_dvd.cfminclude: (1) The "GALS" screen and (2) Principles of the musculoskeletal history and examination. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Calcified plaque modification alters local drug delivery in the treatment of peripheral atherosclerosis
Authors: Abraham R. Tzafriri, Fernando Garcia-Polite, Brett Zani, James Stanley, Benny Muraj, Jennifer Knutson, Robert Kohler, Peter Markham, Alexander Nikanorov, Elazer R. Edelman
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2017)

Calcific atherosclerosis is a major challenge to intraluminal drug delivery in peripheral artery disease (PAD).We evaluated the effects of orbital atherectomy on intraluminal paclitaxel delivery to human peripheral arteries with substantial calcified plaque.Diagnostic angiography and 3-D rotational imaging of five fresh human lower limbs revealed calcification in all main arteries. The proximal or distal segment of each artery was treated using an orbital atherectomy system (OAS) under simulated blood flow and fluoroscopy. Explanted arterial segments underwent either histomorphometric assessment of effect or tracking of 14C-labeled or fluorescent-labeled paclitaxel. Radiolabeled drug quantified bulk delivery and fluorescent label established penetration of drug over finer spatial domain in serial microscopic sections. Results were interpreted using a mathematical model of binding-diffusion mediated arterial drug distribution.Lesion composition affected paclitaxel absorption and distribution in cadaveric human peripheral arteries. Pretreatment imaging calcium scores in control femoropopliteal arterial segments correlated with a log-linear decline in the bulk absorption rate-constant of 14C-labeled, declining 5.5-fold per calcified quadrant (p=0.05, n=7). Compared to controls, OAS-treated femoropopliteal segments exhibited 180μm thinner intima (p<0.001), 45% less plaque calcification, and 2 log orders higher paclitaxel bulk absorption rate-constants. Correspondingly, fluorescent paclitaxel penetrated deeper in OAS-treated femoropopliteal segments compared to controls, due to a 70% increase in diffusivity (p<0.001).These data illustrate that calcified plaque limited intravascular drug delivery, and controlled OAS treatment of calcific plaques resulted in greater drug permeability and improved adjunct drug delivery to diseased arteries.
融通性のある水溶性光線力学療法ナノプラットホ ムの豊かなヒドロキシル基を有する多官能性ポリカチオン性光増感剤複合体【Powered by NICT】
Authors: Sun Yue, Hu Hao, Zhao Nana, Xia Tian, Yu Bingran, Shen Chuanan, Xu. Fu-Jian
Journal: Biomaterials (2017)
CNS inflammation and neurodegeneration
Authors: Tanuja Chitnis, Howard L. Weiner
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2017)

There is an increasing recognition that inflammation plays a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases of the CNS, including Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and the prototypic neuroinflammatory disease multiple sclerosis (MS). Differential immune responses involving the adaptive versus the innate immune system are observed at various stages of neurodegenerative diseases, and may not only drive disease processes but could serve as therapeutic targets. Ongoing investigations into the specific inflammatory mechanisms that play roles in disease causation and progression have revealed lessons about inflammation-driven neurodegeneration that can be applied to other neurodegenerative diseases. An increasing number of immunotherapeutic strategies that have been successful in MS are now being applied to other neurodegenerative diseases. Some approaches suppress CNS immune mechanisms, while others harness the immune system to clear deleterious products and cells. This Review focuses on the mechanisms by which inflammation, mediated either by the peripheral immune response or by endogenous CNS immune mechanisms, can affect CNS neurodegeneration.
Addition of Rituximab Improves the Outcome of Adult Patients with CD20-Positive, Ph-Negative, B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (BCP-ALL): Results of the Randomized Graall-R 2005 Study
Authors: Sébastien Maury, Sylvie Chevret, Xavier Thomas, Dominik Heim, Thibaut Leguay, Françoise Huguet, Patrice Chevallier, Mathilde Hunault, Nicolas Boissel, Martine Escoffre-Barbe, Urs Hess, Norbert Vey, Thorsten Braun, Jean-Pierre Marolleau, Yves Chalandon, Véronique Lhéritier, Kheira Beldjord, Marie-Christine Béné, Norbert Ifrah, Hervé Dombret
Journal: Blood (2015)
Florida executes prisoner with etomidate despite drug maker’s concerns
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Florida has used the anesthetic etomidate for the first time in a US execution, opening a new front in the running battle between states that wish to lethally inject inmates and a drug industry determined to stop executioners from using its products.

Mark Asay, who was convicted of two racially motivated murders in 1987, was pronounced dead 22 minutes after his scheduled execution time. He chose not to make a final statement, and witnesses saw no evidence of complications or suffering.

The execution was unique in three ways. Asay was the first white man in Florida history to be executed for killing a black man. He was …
<i>EGFR</i>Exon 19 Deletion in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Responds to Erlotinib, Followed by<i>T790M</i>-Mediated Resistance
Authors: Michael Cecchini, Jeffrey Sklar, Jill Lacy
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2017)

The prognosis of metastatic pancreatic cancer remains poor despite recent advances in treatment with multidrug chemotherapy regimens. Use of immune checkpoint inhibitors and molecular targeted therapies has so far been disappointing. This report describes a patient with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) whose tumor was characterized by an activating mutation in exon 19 of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). He experienced response to erlotinib for 10 months, and then developed disease progression in association with emergence of the T790M mutation. Activating EGFR mutations in cancers other than lung are uncommon, but when present may predict response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Development of the T790M mutation in this case suggests that EGFR-targeted TKIs may follow similar patterns of resistance regardless of tumor type. Although actionable mutations are detected infrequently in PDAC, this case illustrates the potential benefit of offering genomic analysis to all patients with advanced disease.
Identification of 153 new loci associated with heel bone mineral density and functional involvement of GPC6 in osteoporosis
Authors: John P Kemp, John A Morris, Carolina Medina-Gomez, Vincenzo Forgetta, Nicole M Warrington, Scott E Youlten, Jie Zheng, Celia L Gregson, Elin Grundberg, Katerina Trajanoska, John G Logan, Andrea S Pollard, Penny C Sparkes, Elena J Ghirardello, Rebecca Allen, Victoria D Leitch, Natalie C Butterfield, Davide Komla-Ebri, Anne-Tounsia Adoum, Katharine F Curry, Jacqueline K White, Fiona Kussy, Keelin M Greenlaw, Changjiang Xu, Nicholas C Harvey, Cyrus Cooper, David J Adams, Celia M T Greenwood, Matthew T Maurano, Stephen Kaptoge, Fernando Rivadeneira, Jonathan H Tobias, Peter I Croucher, Cheryl L Ackert-Bicknell, J H Duncan Bassett, Graham R Williams, J Brent Richards, David M Evans
Journal: Nature Genetics (2017)
Doctors’ use of Facebook, Twitter, and WhatsApp is the focus of 28 GMC investigations
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2017)

The General Medical Council closed 28 investigations related to doctors’ use of Facebook, Twitter, or WhatsApp between 1 January 2015 and 30 June 2017, figures obtained by The BMJ have shown.

The GMC provided the data in response to a freedom of information request from The BMJ .

In three cases, doctors received a warning from the GMC. A warning indicates to the doctor that a certain conduct, practice, or behaviour is a departure from the standards expected of the medical profession and should not be repeated.

A further three cases were referred to the …
AB0859 Can zolendronic acid use lead to impair renal function in osteoporosis patients?
Authors: Y-C Chen, C-H Ko
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Bisphosphonates are recommended in patients with osteoporosis patients. clinical concerns had been considered in kidney safety. <h3>Objectives</h3> This study investigated the safety of bisphosphonate effects on renal function in patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-proven acute osteoporotic vertebral fractures after vertebroplasty. <h3>Methods</h3> This retrospective study was conducted in osteoporotic patients with acute vertebral fractures treated with vertebroplasty between January 2001 and December 2015. Their gender, age, body mass index (BMI, kg/m<sup>2</sup>), co-morbidities were recorded, as well as their use of zolendronic acid. Those with increase in creatinine was defined as progress of renal function. Logistical regression was used to adjust the variables. <h3>Results</h3> There were 989 patients (783 females; mean age, 74.08±9.26 years). 71patients accepted zolendronic acid, the others accept other anti-osteoporotic agents. 35 (49.3%) of zolendronic acid had increased creatinine, while 379 (41.3%) of non-zolendronic acid had creatinine changes (p=0.117). After adjust variables, zolendronic acid did not increase creatinine (<i>p</i>=0.291; OR: 0.750; 95% CI: 0.440–1.279).(Table 1) <h3>Conclusions</h3> Zolendronic acid use did not lead to increase in creatinine as compared with the control group. However it need more cases to confirm this findings. <h3>References</h3> Miller PD Bone. 2011 Jul;49(1):77–81. <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> We thanks Chang Gang Memorial Hospital for data support. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Murder by fake drugs
Authors: P. N Newton
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Until recently the most infamous internationally known example of fake drug dealing was Graham Greene's fictional account of a British fake penicillin peddler who was eliminated in the sewers of postwar Vienna in The Third Man .1 Unfortunately, malevolent dealings in counterfeit drugs are very much a contemporary reality. Notorious recent real examples include neomycin eye drops and meningococcal vaccine made of tap water; paracetamol syrup made of industrial solvent; ampicillin consisting of turmeric; contraceptive pills made of wheat flour; and antimalarials, antibiotics, and snake antivenom containing no active ingredients.2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

In a recent survey of pharmacies in the Philippines, 8% of drugs bought were fake (quoted by Wondemagegnehu2). A countrywide survey in Cambodia in 1999 showed that 60% of 133 drug vendors sampled sold, as the antimalarial mefloquine, tablets that contained the ineffective but much cheaper sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine, obtained from stocks that should have been destroyed, or fakes that contained no drug at all. 3 4 In another recent survey, 38% of tablets sold in five countries in mainland South East Asia as the new antimalarial artesunate were fake.5 Artesunate is …
Plasma levels of endostatin (END), osteopontin (OPN), and angiopoetin 2 (ANG2) might be better diagnostic markers in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) than CEA: A preliminary study.
Authors: Joanna Ewa Polowinczak Przybylek, Magdalena Krakowska, Elzbieta Antczak, Piotr Potemski, Gabriela Melen-Mucha
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

e14621 Background: mCRC is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Although CEA is a marker commonly used in clinical practice, its role in diagnosis and monitoring effects of treatment is unproven. Thus, it is necessary to search for new, more reliable markers that would be useful in early diagnosis and monitoring of patients(pts) with mCRC. Methods: The aim of this study was to measure by ELISA method plasma concentrations of selected angiogenic factors: END, OPN, and ANG2 in 18 pts with mCRC before and after 2-5 month-treatment with chemotherapy and in 10 healthy controls. In mCRC pts CEA levels were also assessed. Results: Plasma levels of all examined angiogenic factors were significantly higher in mCRC pts as compared to controls; median values were: 262.0 (END) vs 137.5 (p=.001); 245.0 (OPN) vs 52.5 (p=.00001) and 4921.0 (ANG2) vs 2501.0 ng/ml (p=.0001), respectively. Coefficients of variation (CV=quartile deviation/median) of plasma markers in mCRC pts before chemotherapy were: 20% for END, 21% for OPN, 25% for ANG2 and 220% for CEA. These data further support possible value of new markers as their variabilities are much lower than variability of CEA. Sensitivity of a test in detecting mCRC was: 89% for END, 83% for OPN and 67% for ANG2 or CEA. Specificity was: 90% for END, 100% for OPN, and 100% for ANG2. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 94%, 100%, 100% and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 82%, 77% and 63%, respectively. Moreover, in pts with progressive disease (PD) during chemotherapy median of changes in END levels (55%) was higher in comparison with the changes in CEA levels (42%) what suggests that increasing concentrations of END might be supporting in PD detection. Conclusions: Our preliminary data suggest that plasma levels of END, OPN, and ANG2 warrant further studies to explore their value as new, potentially more reliable than CEA markers in diagnosis of mCRC and their usefulness in an assessment of early PD during chemotherapy. The study was supported by the Medical University of Lodz (University Statutory Fund No 503/1-034-02/503-02).
A review of current evidence regarding the ICD-11 proposals for diagnosing PTSD and complex PTSD
Authors: Chris R. Brewin, Marylène Cloitre, Philip Hyland, Mark Shevlin, Andreas Maercker, Richard A. Bryant, Asma Humayun, Lynne M. Jones, Ashraf Kagee, Cécile Rousseau, Daya Somasundaram, Yuriko Suzuki, Simon Wessely, Mark van Ommeren, Geoffrey M. Reed
Journal: Clinical Psychology Review (2017)
What the Body Knows
Authors: Carol Snyder Halberstadt
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal