tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Acceleration of Olfactory Receptor Gene Loss in Primate Evolution: Possible Link to Anatomical Change in Sensory Systems and Dietary Transition
Authors: Yoshihito Niimura, Atsushi Matsui, Kazushige Touhara
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2018)

Primates have traditionally been regarded as vision-oriented animals with low olfactory ability, though this "microsmatic primates" view has been challenged recently. To clarify when and how degeneration of the olfactory system occurred and to specify the relevant factors during primate evolution, we here examined the olfactory receptor (OR) genes from 24 phylogenetically and ecologically diverse primate species. The results revealed that strepsirrhines with curved noses had functional OR gene repertoires that were nearly twice as large as those for haplorhines with simple noses. Neither activity pattern (nocturnal/diurnal) nor color vision system showed significant correlation with the number of functional OR genes while phylogeny and nose structure (haplorhine/strepsirrhine) are statistically controlled, but extent of folivory did. We traced the evolutionary fates of individual OR genes by identifying orthologous gene groups, demonstrating that the rates of OR gene losses were accelerated at the ancestral branch of haplorhines, which coincided with the acquisition of acute vision. The highest rate of OR gene loss was observed at the ancestral branch of leaf-eating colobines; this reduction is possibly linked with the dietary transition from frugivory to folivory because odor information is essential for fruit foraging but less so for leaf foraging. Intriguingly, we found accelerations of OR gene losses in an external branch to every hominoid species examined. These findings suggest that the current OR gene repertoire in each species has been shaped by a complex interplay of phylogeny, anatomy, and habitat; therefore, multiple factors may contribute to the olfactory degeneration in primates.
Assessment of Electronic Alert to Reduce Overuse of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Patients Hospitalized for Febrile Neutropenia
Authors: Melissa K. Accordino, Jason D. Wright, Sowmya Vasan, Donna L. Buono, Jim C. Hu, Alfred I. Neugut, Dawn L. Hershman
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2018)

with severe CRS; these costs are equivalent to the costs of many of today's most expensive medications.Moreover, under the proposed outcomes-based pricing arrangement, nondrug costs are not refunded for patients who do not demonstrate a response to treatment.Payers and the public must understand that only the costs borne by the manufacturer, but not the total costs of CAR-T immunotherapy, will be reimbursed for those who display no treatment response.As the number of patients eligible for CAR-T immunotherapy and other expensive therapies increase, accurately measuring and accounting for the associated nondrug costs will be important when assessing the treatment's true costs and value and when negotiating pricing arrangements.
Red cell distribution width and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as predictors of outcomes in acute pancreatitis: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Robert M. O'Connell, Michael R. Boland, Jeremiah O'Driscoll, Abdelmonim Salih, Mayilone Arumugasamy, Thomas N. Walsh, Michael J. Allen, David J. Beddy
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2018)
Abstract 20: Kawasaki Disease In France: Incomplete Forms Are Frequent And Associated With A High Frequency Of Cardiac Complications
Authors: Maryam Piram, Martha Darce Bello, Stéphanie Tellier, Etienne Merlin, Elise Launay, Albert Faye, Franck Boralevi, Sylvie Di Filippo, Emmanuelle Bosdure, Jean-Baptiste Armengaud, Armelle Arnoux, Laure Coutard, Isabelle Koné-Paut
Journal: Circulation (2015)

KD is the main vasculitis affecting children &lt; 5 years and the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children. Its epidemiology is few reported in France. Even if IVIG is still the standard treatment; the management of patients at risk for cardiac complications may change toward reinforced (and new) therapeutic approaches. Kawanet is a clinical and biological data repository aimed to define the epidemiological characteristics of KD in France. Methods: Institutional physicians received information on a national registry for KD. All patients suspected with KD and seen since 2011 were eligible to enter the study. An eCRF was implemented in a web database.The included patients without the AHA international criteria were reviewed by an experts' committee. Results: 468 cases were entered by 84 physicians from 65 centers. The AHA classification gave: 280 complete KD, and 73 incomplete KD. An expert consensus classified 48 other patients as probable leading to 401 patients considered as KD (M229/F72). 67 were excluded (incomplete data or doubful). The median age at diagnosis was 3.1y (2m-14y). Their ethnical backgrounds were: European Caucasian 67%, Eastern Caucasian/North African 15%, afro-Caribbean 13%, Asian 4% and mixed ancestry 1%. The clinical symptoms were (%): conjunctivitis 84, cheilitis 82, diffuse exanthema 74, modification of the extremities 73, oral erythema 66, cervical adenopathy 52, raspberry tongue 49, seat erythema 26, perineal desquamation 18 and BCG erythema 5. The cardiac complications were: coronary dilatation 30%, pericarditis 15%, coronary aneurysm 4%, and myocarditis 3% (1 death). 392/401 (98%) patients received IVIG, 64 (21%) and 5 required 2 and 3 courses. The mean treatment delay was 6 days. The factors associated with the coronary abnormalities were: male gender (p=0.01), young KD onset age (p=0.03), and resistance to IVIG (p=0.03). conclusion: KD diagnosis remains challenging and overdiagnosis represents at least 10% of cases in this registry. Incomplete forms of KD account for 37 % and are associated with coronary dilatation/aneurysm (34%; p&lt;0.01) and a high rate of IVIG resistance. Unlike previous studies, our population is very mixed with 28 % of children from the Middle East and Africa, in whom KD is still few reported.
A Mandate for Opioid Education?
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Risk-adapted treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia: results from the International Consortium for Childhood APL
Authors: Anna Maria Testi, Andrea Pession, Daniela Diverio, David Grimwade, Brenda Gibson, Amilcar Cardoso de Azevedo, Lorena Moran, Guy Leverger, Sarah Elitzur, Henrik Hasle, Jutte van der Werff ten Bosch, Owen Smith, Marisa De Rosa, Alfonso Piciocchi, Francesco Lo Coco, Robin Foà, Franco Locatelli, Gertjan J. L. Kaspers
Journal: Blood (2018)
Sustained therapeutic efficacy of budesonide-loaded chitosan swellable microparticles after lung delivery: Influence of in vitro release, treatment interval and dose
Authors: Lan Zhang, Linglong Yang, Xiaofei Zhang, Li Jiaqi, Linlin Fan, Moritz Beck-Broichsitter, Xiao Zhang, Uwe Muenster, Xiuhua Wang, Jing Zhao, Yuyang Zhang, Shirui Mao
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2018)
Targeting B-Cell Lymphoma 2: A Lethal Shortcut in Del(17p) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Anthony Letai
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

Article Tools UNDERSTANDING THE PATHWAY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES Venetoclax for Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia With 17p Deletion: Results From the Full Population of a Phase II Pivotal Trial. May 01, 2018 ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2018.78.2763 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print May 22, 2018 PMID: 29787358 Targeting B-Cell Lymphoma 2: A Lethal Shortcut in Del(17p) Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Anthony LetaixAnthony LetaiSearch for articles by this author Show More Anthony Letai, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2018.78.2763 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2018 by American Society of Clinical Oncology Companion Venetoclax for Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia With 17p Deletion: Results From the Full Population of a Phase II Pivotal Trial
Predictors Of Mortality In Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Under Clinical Practice Conditions: Insights-Ipf Registry
Authors: J. Behr, H. Wirtz, A. Prasse, D. Pittrow, J. Klotsche, D. Koschel, S. Andreas, M. Claussen, C. Grohe, M. Kreuter
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2016)
Did you “miss” me? A subtle case of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Sanjay Patel, Yi Li, Jacob E. Berchuck, James Cunningham, Annette Kim, Olga Pozdnyakova
Journal: American Journal of Hematology (2018)

A 65-year-old woman from India presented with a four-month history of demyelinating motor neuropathy, pancytopenia, including severe absolute neutropenia, and recently evolving CNS lesions. Four bone marrow (BM) biopsies performed and interpreted at the outside institution showed hemophagocytosis in the absence of obvious neoplastic or infectious disorders. A trial of steroids produced a marginal and unsustained improvement. Repeat BM biopsy at admission showed numerous atypical lymphoid cells (Image 1, panel A) demonstrating a mature clonal B-cell phenotype on concurrent flow cytometry (positive for CD19, CD20, CD38[variable], surface Ig kappa and equivocal CD10), as well as hemophagocytosis (Image 1, panel B). While inconspicuous on the H&E (Image 1, panel C), these atypical cells were identified as exceedingly rare BSAP (PAX5)-positive B cells [brown] within vessels outlined by CD34-positive endothelial cells [red] (Image 1, panel D)] in the BM biopsy at presentation, confirming a diagnosis of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL). The patient passed away prior to therapeutic intervention. Wright Giemsa-stained bone marrow aspirate smears performed at admission show atypical lymphocytes (panel A) and hemophagocytosis (panel B). The atypical lymphocytes are inconspicuous on the H&E-stained bone marrow biopsy (panel C), but are highlighted as rare BSAP-positive B cells (brown) within the CD34-positive vessels (red) on immunohistochemical double stain (panel D) In Asian patients IVLBCL frequently presents with microscopically subtle BM involvement (75%) and, as in our case, occasionally associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; neurologic symptoms and cutaneous lesions are less common than in Western countries. A BM biopsy with immunohistochemical stain for B-cell antigens should always be performed in patients with this constellation of symptoms. While little is known about the molecular landscape of IVLBCL, NGS-based molecular analysis in our case revealed NOTCH2 p.P2419fs* at the time of progression, a molecular abnormality found in 4%-8% of DLBCL. Nothing to report.
Attempts at Changing Diet and Exercise to Lower Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke: Who’s Doing What in the Community?
Authors: Randal J Thomas, Thomas E Kottke, Mark Brekke, Catherine Brandel, Stephen DeBoer
Journal: Circulation (2001)

P90     Background and Methods:While only a minority of the  population follows a low fat diet and does daily physical activity, it  is unclear how much of the population is trying to improve these  lifestyle habits. We carried out a telephone survey of 1232 adults,  >20 years of age, from Olmsted County, MN to assess their attempts at  improving their dietary and exercise habits to lower their risk of  developing heart disease and stroke. Results: Fifty-nine percent of  respondents reported making attempts to improve exercise habits, 71%  reported attempts to improve their eating habits, and 50% reported  trying to improve both habits. In all, 80% reported trying to improve  exercise and/or dietary habits. Of those trying to change exercise  habits, 69% reported at least some physical activity on a daily basis  (Pearson correlation = 0.34). Of those attempting to change  dietary habits, 31% reported eating at least five servings of fruits  and vegetables each day (Pearson correlation = 0.14). After  multivariate adjustment, attempts to change diet or exercise were  highest in persons trying to lose or maintain weight, and persons who  reported having received previous physician advice to change diet and  exercise habits. Conclusions: The majority of people in Olmsted County,  MN are attempting to change their exercise and dietary habits to reduce  their risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Still, only a minority  are meeting recommended dietary and physical activity goals. Since most  people are in the action phase of exercise and dietary behavioral  change, health promotion messages should include information on how  best to improve and maintain these health habits. Furthermore, since  report of receiving physician advice is correlated with attempts to  change lifestyle habits and since only 44% of the population reports  receiving such advice, there is an opportunity for health care  providers to impact their patients lives by advising them on how to  make improvements in their dietary and exercise  habits.
Aquaporin-2 (AQP2) excretion in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis: relation to development of renal insufficiency and mortality
Authors: Troels M. Busk, Soren Moller, Erling B. Pedersen, Alexander L. Gerbes, Aleksander Krag, Markus Peck-Radosavljevic, Sona Frankova, Minneke Coenraad, Flemming Bendtsen
Journal: Hepatology (2016)
NRG-GI002: A phase II clinical trial platform for total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) in rectal cancer.
Authors: Thomas J. George, Greg Yothers, Theodore S. Hong, Marcia McGory Russell, Y. Nancy You, William Parker, Samuel A. Jacobs, Katherine L. Pogue-Geile, Christina Sing-Ying Wu, Namrata Vijayvergia, Norman Wolmark
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

TPS3629 Background: Improvements in outcomes for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) have plateaued due to an inability to consistently deliver adjuvant therapy (tx) and thus far ineffective novel therapies. Systematic testing of new chemotherapy and radiation sensitizers are needed to advance treatment outcomes. This randomized phase II modular clinical trial platform utilizes Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) with parallel experimental arms in LARC. The experimental arms are not intended for direct comparison, but to test a variety of sensitizers or hypotheses in a consistent and relatively homogenous high-risk patient (pt) population with correlative biomarkers. Success of any given experimental arm will be determined by achievement of pathologic endpoints compared to a control arm. Methods: This NCTN multi-arm randomized phase II trial serves as a modular platform to assess novel sensitizers to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or chemoradiotherapy (chemoRT) in LARC. Eligibility includes LARC as defined by any ONE of the following criteria: distal location (cT3-4 ≤5cm from the anal verge, any N); bulky (any cT4 or tumor within 3mm of the mesorectal fascia); high risk for metastatic disease (cN2); or not a candidate for sphincter-sparing surgical resection. After randomization, pts receive neoadjuvant FOLFOX x 4mo → chemoRT (capecitabine with 50.4Gy) → surgical resection 8-12 wks later. Based on promising phase I results, the first experimental arm will assess the activity of veliparib added to standard chemoRT (capecitabine + RT). Primary endpoint is to demonstrate improvement in Neoadjuvant Rectal Cancer (NAR) score for the experimental arm vs control representing 20% relative risk reduction in DFS HR and 3-4% absolute OS improvement. Secondary endpoints include comparisons of OS, DFS, toxicity, pCR, cCR, tx completion, negative surgical margins, sphincter preservation, sphincter function including quality of life, and exploratory assessments of molecular and radiographic predictors of response and distant failure. Target accrual is 79 evaluable pts per arm with additional arms added through rolling protocol amendments. NCT02921256. Support: U10 CA-180868, -20, 21, -22; UG-189867; AbbVie. Clinical trial information: NCT02921256.
Updates to the Management of Kidney Cancer
Authors: Eric Jonasch
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2018)

<section class="abstract"><p id="P1">Several updates were made to the 2018 NCCN Guidelines for Kidney Cancer. Adjuvant sunitinib is the first adjuvant therapy to be endorsed by the panel for patients with stage II and III clear cell histology renal cell carcinoma (RCC; category 2B). A promising new treatment—ipilimumab plus nivolumab for patients at intermediate and poor risk in the frontline setting—was added to the guidelines as well. Cabozantinib was added as a first-line option for poor- and intermediate-risk patients with advanced RCC. </section>
New NCCN Guidelines for Uveal Melanoma and Treatment of Recurrent or Progressive Distant Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Christopher A. Barker, April K. Salama
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2018)

<section class="abstract"><p id="P1">The NCCN Guidelines Panel for Melanoma debuted new guidelines for uveal melanoma at the NCCN 23rd Annual Conference. Although uveal melanoma and cutaneous melanoma share the same name, they do have different characteristics and treatments. The NCCN Guidelines describe how tumor size guides therapeutic options, which for most tumors is radiotherapy. Predictors of melanoma-related mortality include advanced age, larger tumor size, and histopathologic and molecular features. The NCCN Guidelines for Cutaneous Melanoma have not changed notably, but adjuvant therapy with immunotherapies is now recommended. The best second-line treatment in the metastatic setting remains unclear. </section>
Immigration detention in the UK damages health and frustrates healthcare
Authors: Kristine Harris, Hilary Pickles
Journal: BMJ (2018)

The Windrush scandal exposes one aspect of an immigration system that explicitly aims to create a hostile environment for migrants. Dexter and Katona’s article provides a timely reminder of another, the locking up of thousands in immigration removal centres.1

Non-governmental organisations, official inspectorates, parliamentarians, and others have repeatedly drawn attention to systemic failings in immigration removal centres …
Breast feeding in infancy and recurrent cough in adulthood: the longer the better?
Authors: Erick Forno
Journal: Thorax (2018)

Breast feeding in infancy and recurrent cough in adulthood: the longer the better? Erick FornoBreast feeding has been associated with many beneficial outcomes in children.Among other benefits, it has been linked to lower infant mortality, 1 lower risk of sudden infant death syndrome, 2 lower incidence of certain types of cancer 3 and even higher intelligence. 4In terms of atopy and respiratory diseases, it has been associated with decreased risk of lower respiratory infections (LRIs) 5 and childhood asthma (particularly over the first few years of life). 6 7On the other hand, a recent meta-analysis found no strong evidence that breast feeding helps prevent food allergies, eczema or allergic rhinitis. 8However, many studies looking at respiratory outcomes recorded breast feeding retrospectively or failed to thoroughly control for potentially important confounders. 9hether these benefits extend into adulthood is still an open question.For example, a history of breast feeding may not affect the risk of high total cholesterol, high blood pressure or cardiovascular mortality. 10Unfortunately, studies evaluating the association between breast feeding and asthma in adults are scarce and have provided somewhat concerning results.In the Dunedin cohort, Sears et al reported an ~83% increased risk of asthma at 9-26 years of age among participants who were breast fed in infancy compared with those who were not breast fed. 11Likewise, the Tasmanian Asthma Study reported that exclusively breastfed children (of mothers with a history of atopy) had 46%-83% higher risk of asthma at 14, 32 and 44 years of age, with similar results for allergic rhinitis. 12However, these cohorts were recruited at 3 and 7 years of age, respectively, and thus breastfeeding information may have been subject to recall bias.In their study, Gerhart et al 13 go a step further to answer the question of whether breast feeding is associated with respiratory symptoms later in life.Using data from the Tucson Children's Respiratory Study (TCRS)-perhaps the most