tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Interrelationships among neuroimaging biomarkers, neuropsychological test data, and symptom reporting in a cohort of retired national football league (nfl) players
Authors: Scott L Zuckerman, Andrew W Kuhn, Gary S Solomon, Allen K Sills, Ira R Casson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Objective To assess interrelationships among neuroimaging findings with neurocognitive test performance and symptom endorsement in a cohort of retired professional (NFL) football players. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Neurology clinic. Participants Forty-five retired NFL players. Intervention MRI scan assessment of cavum septum pellucidi, global mean score of Fractional Anisotropy (FA), and microhemorrhages. Outcome measures Nine neuropsychological tests and multiple symptom and depression scores. Associations among the three independent neuroimaging results with these outcome measures were assessed utilising Pearson’s, Spearman’s Rank, and Point-Biserial Correlations. Results The retirees reported an average of 6.9 (±6.2) concussions and 13.0 (±7.9) sport-related “dings” in the NFL. Assessment of cavum septum pellucidum yielded a negative finding in 10 subjects (22%), while 32 (71%) had a small, and 3 (7%) had a large one. Four (9%) of the subjects had microhemorrhages present and average FA mean was 0.459 (±0.035). Number of sport-related “dings” was correlated with an increased risk of microhemorrhages (r=0.305, p=0.042). The majority (50.8%) of the correlations obtained among the three neuroimaging parameters and the neurocognitive/symptom scores were below the threshold of a “small” effect size (r&lt;0.10). The remaining (49.2%) correlations fell somewhere between “small” and “medium” effect sizes (0.1&lt; r&lt;0.3). However, all correlations were statistically non-significant. Conclusions The current results demonstrate minimal and statistically non-significant correlations among neuroimaging, neurocognitive, and symptom scores examined in a cohort of NFL retirees. While an often-accepted paradigm, certain neuroimaging findings may not relate consistently and directly with neurocognitive test performance and clinical symptom burden. Competing interests None. GS Solomon receives consulting fees from the Tennessee Titans (NFL), the Nashville Predators (NHL), and the athletic departments of several universities; all fees paid to institution. In addition he is a member of the ImPACT Scientific Advisory Board and receives reimbursement for expenses to board meetings AK Sills is a consulting physician to the Nashville Predators (uncompensated) and also serves as an unaffiliated neurotrauma consultant for the NFL Examinations of the NFL retirees were sponsored by the National Football League (NFL) and coordinated with the NFL Players Association (NFLPA). IR Casson served as a member of the NFL MTBI Committee from 1994-2009 and as a co-chair from 2007-2009. He has done consulting for law firms and insurance companies.
Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) and inositol protect against ultraviolet B-induced cell injury in vitro and tumor formation in vivo
Authors: A. Shamsuddin, I Vucenik, K Williams, K Kolappaswamy, L De Tolla
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2007)

A3  Radiation, particularly ionizing radiation has cytotoxic effects on cells and tissues. We are exposed to ionizing radiation via anticancer radiotherapy, through occupational and/or environmental exposure, or most commonly ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sun. UVB and all other ionizing radiations cause DNA damage through formation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species, leading to cell injury, cell death and inflammation in the acute phase, and accelerated aging and cancer in the long run.  Inositol and inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) are ubiquitous, abundantly present in cereals and legumes, and within almost all, if not all mammalian cells. IP6 and inositol are also broad-spectrum anticancer agents and are potent antioxidants with ability to prevent active oxygen species-mediated cell injury and carcinogenesis; they also affect cell cycle progression and apoptosis (Nutrition and Cancer 55: 109-125, 2006). We therefore tested the hypothesis that IP6 and inositol would be protective against UVB irradiation by using HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line in vitro (acute phase study) and SKH-1 mice for skin tumor formation in vivo (late effect study).  In vitro:MTT assay and cell attachment assessment showed that cell viability significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner when exposed to UVB irradiation at 15, 30, 60, and 120 mJ/cm2. However, IP6 in a dose range of 0.5-2.0 mM significantly counteracted the harmful effects of UVB irradiation (p
Clinicopathologic characteristics of pure papillary breast carcinoma.
Authors: Fatma P. Turkoz, Mustafa Solak, Özge Keskin, Zafer Arik, Cagatay Arslan, Neyran Kertmen, Sercan Aksoy, Kadri Altundag
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e12521 Background: Pure papillary breast carcinoma (PPBC) is a very rare entity which usually occurs in older women with a favorable prognosis. The aim of this cohort study was to evaluate the demographic, clinicopathologic characteristics and survival rates of PPBC compared to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Methods: A total of 2451 invasive breast cancer patients from a single center were analyzed retrospectively. Of these, 24 patients were PPBC (1%) and 1785 (73%) patients were pure IDC. Results: PPBC were significantly different from IDC with respect to the age at diagnosis, menopausal status, tumor size, grade and lymph node involvement (p&lt;0.05) (Table 1). The median follow-up period was 26,5 months (4-400 months). Only one patient with PPBC had lung and bone metastasis, others were alive with no evidence of disease. PPBC was associated with a better 5-year overall survival (100 vs. 84%) and disease-free survival (75 vs. 54%) compared to IDC. Conclusions: Compared to IDC, PPBC is a small, low-grade tumor and less likely to involve the lymph nodes. Cases are usually older, postmenopausal women and have a better prognosis. [Table: see text]
Epiploic Appendagitis: The Uncommon Intestinal Imitator
Authors: Rajat Garg, Danny Ma, Joel T. Fishbain
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2017)

A 22-year-old Caucasian man with no significant past medical history presented to the hospital with acute-onset sharp left lower-quadrant abdominal pain. He denied having any other associated symptoms. His physical examination showed moderate left lower-quadrant tenderness. He had a normal white blood cell count and a comprehensive metabolic panel. Imaging studies included a computerized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen with contrast, which initially was read as circumferential inflammation of the descending colon suggestive of diverticulitis and possible microperforation. The patient's symptoms significantly improved the next day. A review of the films with another radiologist was reported as a pericolonic ovoid mass with rim attenuation and pericolonic fat stranding (Figure A) pathognomic for epiploic appendagitis (EA) and the patient was discharged home. Epiploic appendages are small peritoneal fat pouches located around the colon and are supplied by 1 or 2 small end arteriole accompanied by a single venule. Inflammation and ischemia of the epiploic appendages commonly occur as a result of vascular pedicle torsion. Less commonly reported cause include venous thrombosis. Two retrospective studies reported that men (70%) were affected more than women with an age range of 26 to 75 years.1Hasbahceci M. Erol C. Seker M. Epiploic appendagitis: is there need for surgery to confirm diagnosis in spite of clinical and radiological findings?.World J Surg. 2011; 36: 441-446Google Scholar, 2Sand M. Gelos M. Bechara F.G. et al.Epiploic appendagitis – clinical characteristics of an uncommon surgical diagnosis.BMC Surg. 2007; 7: 11Google Scholar There are no specific etiologic factors leading to EA. Because this disorder involves the sigmoid colon, descending colon, and cecum, symptoms often imitate diverticulitis and appendicitis. EA, however, is associated with relatively mild pain without any associated systemic findings. Systemic inflammatory responses often are lacking and CT scan findings are considered pathognomonic. A diagnosis is made with or without intravenous contrast without one being superior; however, CT with contrast usually is how they are discovered because it is performed for suspicion of acute diverticulitis or other colitis. Classic findings on a CT scan are described as a pericolonic ovoid mass with rim attenuation and pericolonic fat stranding. A central hyperdense dot sign also is considered specific and represents venous thrombosis. Calcification can be seen on follow-up studies and represent old infarcts. EA is a self-limited disorder managed conservatively with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Recognition of this condition is very important to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions and a prolonged hospital stay.
High purity microfluidic sorting and in situ inactivation of circulating tumor cells based on multifunctional magnetic composites
Authors: Hongwei Xu, Biao Dong, Shihan Xu, Sai Xu, Xueke Sun, Jiao Sun, Yudan Yang, Lin Xu, Xue Bai, Shuang Zhang, Ze Yin, Hongwei Song
Journal: Biomaterials (2017)
Enasidenib (AG-221), a Potent Oral Inhibitor of Mutant Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) Enzyme, Induces Hematologic Responses in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)
Authors: Eytan M. Stein, Amir T. Fathi, Courtney D DiNardo, Daniel A Pollyea, Ronan T Swords, Gail J. Roboz, Robert Collins, Mikkael A. Sekeres, Richard M. Stone, Eyal C Attar, Alessandra Tosolini, Qiang Xu, Michael Amatangelo, Ira Gupta, Robert D. Knight, Stéphane De Botton, Martin S. Tallman, Hagop M. Kantarjian
Journal: Blood (2016)
DIPG-32. MRI GUIDED FOCUSED ULTRASOUND FOR BRAINSTEM BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER PENETRATION: A DEMONSTRATION OF SAFETY
Authors: Saira Alli, Carlyn Figueredo, Nesrin Sabha, Christian Smith, Meaghan O’reilly, James Rutka
Journal: Neuro-Oncology (2017)

BACKGROUND: In recent years, significant strides have been made in determining the molecular landscape of DIPG, resulting in new preclinical models and therapies. However, the delivery of these treatments across the blood brain barrier (BBB) remains a significant challenge. Magnetic Resonance Image-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRIgFUS) has been used to achieve transient BBB opening without tissue injury. Delivery of a targeted ultrasonic wave causes a mechanical interaction between intravenously administered microbubbles and the capillary bed resulting in enhanced vessel permeability and a window of opportunity for drug delivery. Use of MRIgFUS in the treatment of patients with supratentorial brain tumours has been performed in Toronto. However, the safety of targeting the brainstem, with its crucial regulatory centres for wakefulness and cardiovascular control, has not previously been shown. Using a rodent model, we have conducted a study demonstrating the safety of MRIgFUS in the brainstem. METHODS: Four groups were defined (n= 9): 1) Microbubble administration but no MRIgFUS treatment; 2) MRIgFUS only; 3) MRIgFUS of the brainstem + microbubbles; and 4) MRIgFUS of the brainstem + microbubbles + cisplatin. To assess safety and non-toxicity, the following measurements were assessed: 1) Cardiovascular control via intra-procedural monitoring of heart rate and respiratory rate; 2) motor function and co-ordination via Rotarod and grip strength testing; 3) histological analysis for haemorrhage (H&E), neuronal integrity (NeuN) and apoptosis (cleaved Caspase-3). RESULTS: T1-weighted MR imaging confirmed BBB opening by contrast enhancement of the brainstem. Post-sonication, no deviations from baseline were observed in physiological monitoring. Histological analysis showed no evidence of haemorrhage, neuronal loss or increased apoptosis. Grip strength and Rotarod testing demonstrated no decline in performance across all groups. Our data confirms that we have optimized the parameters to safely, effectively and non-invasively penetrate the BBB in the brain stem, giving promise towards therapeutic drug delivery in DIPG.
Risks of Statin Therapy in Older Adults
Authors: Gregory Curfman
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

Benjamin H. Han, MD, MPH; David Sutin, MD; Jeff D. Williamson, MD; Barry R. Davis, MD, PhD; Linda B. Piller, MD, MPH; Hannah Pervin, PhD; Sara L. Pressel, MS; Caroline S. Blaum, MD; for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group
White matter integrity and its relationship to cognitive-motor integration in females with post-concussion syndrome
Authors: Johanna Hurtubise, Diana Gorbet, Cindy Hughes, Alison Macpherson, Lauren Sergio
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Objective Cognitive-motor integration (CMI) is required in sport when performing movements where a rule is used to align the required motor output and the guiding visual information. Previous research has shown CMI declines in young athletes with a concussion history, deemed recovered at the time of evaluation. The purpose of this study was to characterise differences in symptoms, CMI, and white matter integrity (fractional anisotropy, FA) in those with post-concussion syndrome (PCS) and healthy controls. We hypothesised that those with PCS would have decreased FA and CMI performance, with increased symptom scores. Participants Twelve females were included; 6 with PCS for 6 months or more, and 6 age-matched healthy controls with no concussion history. Methods Participants were administered the SCAT3, four visuomotor CMI tasks, and diffusion weighted images were acquired. Participants displaced a cursor from a central target to peripheral targets by sliding their finger on a horizontally placed tablet either directly to the viewed target or with decoupled eye-hand coordination (targets viewed on a vertical monitor, 180° feedback rotation, or both). Results We observed worse symptom scores and impaired performance in CMI tasks, as well as decreased mean FA in bilateral corticospinal tracts beneath the premotor and primary motor cortices and in the white matter underlying the right superior parietal lobule, in those with PCS compared to healthy controls. Conclusions CMI decline may be related to decreased FA within the frontal-parietal-subcortical network. Measuring CMI, a skill crucial to athletes, provides an effective behavioural means for detection of brain alterations associated with concussion. Competing interests None.
Postoperative Multimodal Analgesia Pain Management With Nonopioid Analgesics and Techniques
Authors: Elizabeth C. Wick, Michael C. Grant, Christopher L. Wu
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2017)

Amid the current opioid epidemic in the United States, the enhanced recovery after surgery pathway (ERAS) has emerged as one of the best strategies to improve the value and quality of surgical care and has been increasingly adopted for a broad range of complex surgical procedures. The goal of this article was to outline important components of opioid-sparing analgesic regimens.Regional analgesia, acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, gabapentinoids, tramadol, lidocaine, and/or the N-methyl-d-aspartate class of glutamate receptor antagonists have been shown to be effective adjuncts to narcotic analgesia. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents are not associated with an increase in postoperative bleeding. A meta-analysis of 27 randomized clinical trials found no difference in postoperative bleeding between the groups taking ketorolac tromethamine (33 of 1304 patients [2.5%]) and the control groups (21 of 1010 [2.1%]) (odds ratio [OR], 1.1; 95% CI, 0.61-2.06; P = .72). After adoption of the multimodal analgesia approach for a colorectal ERAS pathway, most patients used less opioids while in the hospital and many did not need opioids after hospital discharge, although approximately 50% of patients received some opioid during their stay.Multimodal analgesia is readily available and the evidence is strong to support its efficacy. Surgeons should use this effective approach for patients both using and not using the ERAS pathway to reduce opioid consumption.
Abstract 300: A Novel Targeted Angiogenesis Technique Using Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Mark Arokiaraj
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Aims: To develop a novel technique for angiogenesis which could be potentially useful for therapeutic purposes using magnetic nanoparticles. Methods: Magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized and were conjugated with vascular endothelial growth factor. The particles were tested in tissue culture microfluidic chips for angiogenesis. Four layers were generated for the experiment respectively - the nutrient layer, hydrogel layer, HUVEC spheroids and another hydrogel layer in the bottom. The particles were inserted in a layer of collagen hydrogel and were guided to desired location using a magnet. The extent and the direction of angiogenesis were studied using 3D confocal microscopy. Results: Angiogenesis was observed compared to the controls when nanoparticles were interfaced between the nutrient and HUVEC layer. When the nanoparticles was placed below the HUVEC spheroids angiogenesis occurred in the basal layer predominantly, which showed the effect of the nanoparticles with growth factor on angiogenesis more than the nutrients. In another experiment in microfluidic chip, the nanoparticles were placed in nutrient layer and HUVEC cell monolayer was placed underneath the nutrient layer. The nanoparticles was observed to cross endothelial cells and reach lower hydrogel layer, which was observed by Z stack confocal microscopy. Conclusion: Angiogenesis happen by the effect of magnetic nanoparticles conjugated with growth factors. These nanoparticles can be controlled with a magnet. Also, these nanoparticles have potentials to cross endothelium.
Abstract 276: Systemic Delivery of Microrna-146a Improves Endothelial Function and Ameliorates Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-deficient Mice
Authors: Shuangtao Ma, Xiao Yu Tian, Chaofeng Mu, Haifa Shen, Yunrong Zhang, Jean Bismuth, Wing Tak Wong
Journal: Circulation Research (2015)

Rationale: Endothelial inflammation is an early event in the development of atherosclerosis. The microRNA (miR)-146a showed anti-inflammatory effects in cultured endothelial cells. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic role of miR-146a in endothelial function and atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-deficient mice. Methods and Results: The miR-146a was packaged into a multistage vector (MSV) that was conjugated with an E-selectin-targeting thioaptamer (ESTA) to form an ESTA-MSV microparticle. The ApoE-deficient mice were fed with Western diet and injected through tail vein with 15μg of miR-146a loaded ESTA-MSV microparticles or vehicle vectors biweekly for 12 weeks. The expressions of miR-146a in aortic tissue was increased by five times at two weeks after injection. However, the expressions of miR-146a in heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, and skeletal muscle were not increased. The acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxations in both carotid arteries and aortas were significantly improved in mice from miR-146a treated group compared with vehicle group. In addition, the endothelium-dependent contractions of carotid arteries were also improved by miR-146a treatment. The en face oil red O staining of whole aortas showed the plaque area was decreased in miR-146a-treated mice. Application of miR-146a also decreased the plaque size, macrophages, and T-lymphocytes, but increased the collagen deposition and vascular smooth muscle cells in the sections of aortic roots. The PCR results showed that expressions of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-2, CCL-5, and CCL-8 were decreased by miR-146a. Conclusions: E-selectin-targeting delivery of miR-146a improves endothelial function and inhibits atherosclerosis.
Prospects for Health Care Reform in the U.S. Senate
Authors: John E. McDonough
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2017)

Interview with Dr. John McDonough on efforts by Senate Republicans to pass a health care reform bill. (12:26)Download The fate of the Affordable Care Act and the House’s American Health Care Act now rests in the Senate, where prospects are uncertain. Like their House counterparts, Senate Republican leaders are working hard to devise a bill negotiated only among GOP members.
The Enigmatic Role of Viruses in Multiple Sclerosis: Molecular Mimicry or Disturbed Immune Surveillance?
Authors: Jens Geginat, Moira Paroni, Massimiliano Pagani, Daniela Galimberti, Raffaele De Francesco, Elio Scarpini, Sergio Abrignani
Journal: Trends in Immunology (2017)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a T cell driven autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Despite its association with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), how viral infections promote MS remains unclear. However, there is increasing evidence that the CNS is continuously surveyed by virus-specific T cells, which protect against reactivating neurotropic viruses. Here, we discuss how viral infections could lead to the breakdown of self-tolerance in genetically predisposed individuals, and how the reactivations of viruses in the CNS could induce the recruitment of both autoaggressive and virus-specific T cell subsets, causing relapses and progressive disability. A disturbed immune surveillance in MS would explain several experimental findings, and has important implications for prognosis and therapy.
Genome annotation for clinical genomic diagnostics: strengths and weaknesses
Authors: Charles A. Steward, Alasdair P. J. Parker, Berge A. Minassian, Sanjay M. Sisodiya, Adam Frankish, Jennifer Harrow
Journal: Genome Medicine (2017)

The Human Genome Project and advances in DNA sequencing technologies have revolutionized the identification of genetic disorders through the use of clinical exome sequencing. However, in a considerable number of patients, the genetic basis remains unclear. As clinicians begin to consider whole-genome sequencing, an understanding of the processes and tools involved and the factors to consider in the annotation of the structure and function of genomic elements that might influence variant identification is crucial. Here, we discuss and illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of approaches for the annotation and classification of important elements of protein-coding genes, other genomic elements such as pseudogenes and the non-coding genome, comparative-genomic approaches for inferring gene function, and new technologies for aiding genome annotation, as a practical guide for clinicians when considering pathogenic sequence variation. Complete and accurate annotation of structure and function of genome features has the potential to reduce both false-negative (from missing annotation) and false-positive (from incorrect annotation) errors in causal variant identification in exome and genome sequences. Re-analysis of unsolved cases will be necessary as newer technology improves genome annotation, potentially improving the rate of diagnosis.
Evidence-Based Guidelines for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Women: 2007 Update
Authors: Lori Mosca, Carole L. Banka, Emelia J. Benjamin, Kathy Berra, Cheryl Bushnell, Rowena J. Dolor, Theodore G. Ganiats, Antoinette S. Gomes, Heather L. Gornik, Clarissa Gracia, Martha Gulati, Constance K. Haan, Debra R. Judelson, Nora Keenan, Ellie Kelepouris, Erin D. Michos, L. Kristin Newby, Suzanne Oparil, Pamela Ouyang, Mehmet C. Oz, Diana Petitti, Vivian W. Pinn, Rita F. Redberg, Rosalyn Scott, Katherine Sherif, Sidney C. Smith, George Sopko, Robin H. Steinhorn, Neil J. Stone, Kathryn A. Taubert, Barbara A. Todd, Elaine Urbina, Nanette K. Wenger
Journal: Circulation (2007)