tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant Transarterial Chemoembolization for HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Resection: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Zheng Wang, Zhenggang Ren, Yi Chen, Jie Hu, Guohuan Yang, Lei Yu, Xinrong Yang, Ao Huang, Xin Zhang, Shaolai Zhou, Huichuan Sun, Yanhong Wang, Ningling Ge, Xiaoyu Xu, Zhaoyou Tang, Wanyee Lau, Jia Fan, Jiping Wang, Jian Zhou
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Purpose: The survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence after curative resection is usually poor. We sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of adjuvant transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in HBV-related HCC patients with an intermediate (a single tumor larger than 5 cm without microvascular invasion) or high risk (a single tumor with microvascular invasion, or two or three tumors) of recurrence. Experimental Design: In this randomized phase 3 trial, 280 eligible patients were assigned to adjuvant TACE (n = 140) or no adjuvant treatment (control; n = 140) groups. The primary endpoint was recurrence-free survival (RFS); secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS) and safety. Multivariable Cox-proportional hazards model was used to determine the independent impact of TACE on patients' outcomes. Results: Patients who received adjuvant TACE had a significantly longer RFS than those in the control group [56.0% vs. 42.1%, P = 0.01; HR, 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.49–0.93]. Patients in the adjuvant TACE group had 7.8% higher 3-year OS rate than the control group (85.2% vs. 77.4%; P = 0.04; HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.36–0.97). The impact of adjuvant TACE on RFS and OS remained significant after controlling for other known prognostic factors (HR, 0.67; P = 0.01 for RFS; and HR, 0.59; P = 0.04 for OS). There was no grade 3 or 4 toxicity after adjuvant TACE. Conclusions: For patients with HBV-related HCC who had an intermediate or high risk of recurrence after curative hepatectomy, our study showed adjuvant TACE significantly reduced tumor recurrence, improved RFS and OS, and the procedure was well tolerated. Clin Cancer Res; 24(9); 2074–81. ©2018 AACR.
Effect of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Plus Regional Hyperthermia on Long-term Outcomes Among Patients With Localized High-Risk Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Rolf D. Issels, Lars H. Lindner, Jaap Verweij, Rüdiger Wessalowski, Peter Reichardt, Peter Wust, Pirus Ghadjar, Peter Hohenberger, Martin Angele, Christoph Salat, Zeljko Vujaskovic, Soeren Daugaard, Olav Mella, Ulrich Mansmann, Hans Roland Dürr, Thomas Knösel, Sultan Abdel-Rahman, Michael Schmidt, Wolfgang Hiddemann, Karl-Walter Jauch, Claus Belka, Alessandro Gronchi
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2018)

Patients with soft tissue sarcoma are at risk for local recurrence and distant metastases despite optimal local treatment. Preoperative anthracycline plus ifosfamide chemotherapy improves outcome in common histological subtypes.To analyze whether the previously reported improvement in local progression-free survival by adding regional hyperthermia to neoadjuvant chemotherapy translates into improved survival.Open-label, phase 3 randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and toxic effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus regional hyperthermia. Adult patients (age ≥18 years) with localized soft tissue sarcoma (tumor ≥5 cm, French Federation Nationale des Centers de Lutte Contre le Cancer [FNCLCC] grade 2 or 3, deep) were accrued across 9 centers (6, Germany; 1, Norway; 1, Austria; 1, United States) from July 1997 to November 2006. Follow-up ended December 2014.After stratification for tumor presentation and site, patients were randomly assigned to either neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of doxorubicin, ifosfamide, and etoposide alone, or combined with regional hyperthermia.The primary end point was local progression-free survival. Secondary end points included treatment safety and survival, with survival defined from date of randomization to death due to disease or treatment. Patients lost to follow-up were censored at the date of their last follow-up.A total of 341 patients were randomized, and 329 (median [range] age, 51 [18-70] years; 147 women, 182 men) were eligible for the intention-to-treat analysis. By December 2014, 220 patients (67%; 95% CI, 62%-72%) had experienced disease relapse, and 188 (57%; 95% CI, 52%-62%) had died. Median follow-up was 11.3 years. Compared with neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone, adding regional hyperthermia improved local progression-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 0.65; 95% CI, 0.49-0.86; P = .002). Patients randomized to chemotherapy plus hyperthermia had prolonged survival rates compared with those randomized to neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.54-0.98; P = .04) with 5-year survival of 62.7% (95% CI, 55.2%-70.1%) vs 51.3% (95% CI, 43.7%-59.0%), respectively, and 10-year survival of 52.6% (95% CI, 44.7%-60.6%) vs 42.7% (95% CI, 35.0%-50.4%).Among patients with localized high-risk soft tissue sarcoma the addition of regional hyperthermia to neoadjuvant chemotherapy resulted in increased survival, as well as local progression-free survival. For patients who are candidates for neoadjuvant treatment, adding regional hyperthermia may be warranted.clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00003052.
Measurement of PD-1, TIM-3 and LAG-3 protein in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) with acquired resistance to PD-1 axis blockers.
Authors: Ila Datar, Nikita Mani, Brian S. Henick, Anna Wurtz, Edward Kaftan, Roy S. Herbst, David L. Rimm, Scott N. Gettinger, Katerina A. Politi, Kurt Alex Schalper
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

e14611 Background: PD-1 axis blockade induces lasting clinical responses in ~20% of patients with advanced NSCLC. However, most patients eventually develop resistance. Acquired resistance is poorly understood, but may be mediated by alternative immune suppressive pathways. Methods: Using multiplex immunofluorescence we simultaneously measured levels of DAPI, CD3 (D7AE6), PD-1 (EH33), TIM-3 (D5D5R) and LAG-3 (17B4) in 11 whole tissue sections obtained from patients with NSCLC before PD-1 axis blockade and after acquired resistance (8 cases with progression on-treatment and 3 with progression off-therapy). Markers were measured in the whole tumor area or in CD3+ T-cells using fluorescence co-localization. The association between markers and changes upon acquired resistance were studied. Results: Expression of PD-1, TIM-3 and LAG-3 was seen in all cases with membranous staining pattern and signal predominantly located in CD3+ T-cells. Levels of TIM-3 and LAG-3 in T-cells were significantly correlated (Spearman’s R = 0.65, P = 0.001), but were not associated with PD-1 (R = -0.03, P = 0.86 for TIM-3 and PD-1; and R = 0.24, P = 0.28 for LAG-3 and PD-1). Compared to pre-treatment samples, 6 cases (55%) showed significantly higher levels of PD-1 or LAG-3 on acquired resistance and 5 cases (45%) had higher TIM-3. Of these, 4 cases had higher levels of the 3 markers and were on-therapy at progression. Lower levels of PD-1, TIM-3, and LAG-3 were found on acquired resistance in 5 (45%), 6 (55%), and 4 (36%) cases, respectively. Four of these cases showed lower levels of all inhibitory receptors, 3 of which were off-therapy at progression. Only one case had no change in LAG-3 levels. Conclusions: PD-1, TIM-3 and LAG-3 were expressed in the majority of NSCLCs with signal predominantly located in T-lymphocytes. Among acquired resistance cases, higher levels of PD-1, TIM-3 and LAG-3 were associated with progression on-treatment. Lower levels of the markers were associated with progression off-therapy. Although multiple mechanisms may exist, up-regulation of alternative immune inhibitory receptors such as TIM-3 and LAG-3 could mediate acquired resistance to PD-1 axis blockers in a proportion of NSCLCs.
Abstract 17219: Fibroblast-specific Beta-adrenergic Receptor Signaling Regulates Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice
Authors: Kota Tonegawa, Shota Tanaka, Misato Takahashi, Shota Fuchigami, Masanori Obana, Makiko Maeda, Yasushi Sakata, Yasushi Fujio, Hiroyuki Nakayama
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: β adrenergic signaling plays a central role in development of human heart failure. In mice, chronic β adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation elicits cardiac hypertrophy. Recently, it is...
A keen eye for risk
Authors: Thomas J Ford, Paul Rocchiccioli
Journal: BMJ (2018)

A 56 year old woman was referred to the rapid access chest pain clinic with stable angina pectoris. Her only cardiovascular risk factor was a family history of atherosclerosis, with her mother suffering from myocardial infarction at 50. Her body mass index was 20 kg/m2 and the main abnormality on examination was the eye sign shown in fig 1. Fasting serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein were both markedly raised at 12.2 mmol/L and 9.3 mmol/L, respectively. Triglyceride levels were relatively normal at 1.9 mmol/L. Given the history, examination, and lipid abnormality, what further blood test would confirm the underlying diagnosis?



Fig 1 
Eye signs in cardiovascular disease: when the patient looks upward, a symmetrical abnormality is visible in both eyes



Genetic blood testing for low density lipoprotein receptor mutation to confirm the diagnosis of …
The Default Position: Optimizing Pediatric Participation in Medical Decision Making
Authors: Aleksandra E. Olszewski, Sara F. Goldkind
Journal: The American Journal of Bioethics (2018)

Inclusion of children in medical decision making, to the extent of their ability and interest in doing so, should be the default position, ensuring that children are routinely given a voice. However, optimizing the involvement of children in their health care decisions remains challenging for clinicians. Missing from the literature is a stepwise approach to assessing when and how a child should be included in medical decision making. We propose a systematic approach for doing so, and we apply this approach in a discussion of two challenging clinical cases. The approach is informed by a literature review, and is anchored by case studies of teenagers' refusal of clinical care, regulatory requirements for research assent, and the accepted approach to involving cognitively impaired adults in medical decisions.
Comparative Effectiveness of Levetiracetam vs Phenobarbital for Infantile Epilepsy
Authors: Zachary M. Grinspan, Renée A. Shellhaas, Jason Coryell, Joseph E. Sullivan, Elaine C. Wirrell, John R. Mytinger, William D. Gaillard, Eric H. Kossoff, Ignacio Valencia, Kelly G. Knupp, Courtney Wusthoff, Cynthia Keator, Nicole Ryan, Tobias Loddenkemper, Catherine J. Chu, Edward J. Novotny, John Millichap, Anne T. Berg
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2018)

More than half of infants with new-onset epilepsy have electroencephalographic and clinical features that do not conform to known electroclinical syndromes (ie, nonsyndromic epilepsy). Levetiracetam and phenobarbital are the most commonly prescribed medications for epilepsy in infants, but their comparative effectiveness is unknown.To compare the effectiveness of levetiracetam vs phenobarbital for nonsyndromic infantile epilepsy.The Early Life Epilepsy Study-a prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study conducted from March 1, 2012, to April 30, 2015, in 17 US medical centers-enrolled infants with nonsyndromic epilepsy and a first afebrile seizure between 1 month and 1 year of age.Use of levetiracetam or phenobarbital as initial monotherapy within 1 year of the first seizure.The binary outcome was freedom from monotherapy failure at 6 months, defined as no second prescribed antiepileptic medication and freedom from seizures beginning within 3 months of initiation of treatment. Outcomes were adjusted for demographics, epilepsy characteristics, and neurologic history, as well as for observable selection bias using propensity score weighting and for within-center correlation using generalized estimating equations.Of the 155 infants in the study (81 girls and 74 boys; median age, 4.7 months [interquartile range, 3.0-7.1 months]), those treated with levetiracetam (n = 117) were older at the time of the first seizure than those treated with phenobarbital (n = 38) (median age, 5.2 months [interquartile range, 3.5-8.2 months] vs 3.0 months [interquartile range, 2.0-4.4 months]; P < .001). There were no other significant bivariate differences. Infants treated with levetiracetam were free from monotherapy failure more often than those treated with phenobarbital (47 [40.2%] vs 6 [15.8%]; P = .01). The superiority of levetiracetam over phenobarbital persisted after adjusting for covariates, observable selection bias, and within-center correlation (odds ratio, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.1-16; number needed to treat, 3.5 [95% CI, 1.7-60]).Levetiracetam may have superior effectiveness compared with phenobarbital for initial monotherapy of nonsyndromic epilepsy in infants. If 100 infants who received phenobarbital were instead treated with levetiracetam, 44 would be free from monotherapy failure instead of 16 by the estimates in this study. Randomized clinical trials are necessary to confirm these findings.
Eosinophil Gene Activation in the Upper Airway is a Marker of Asthma Exacerbation Susceptibility in Children
Authors: Daniel J. Jackson, Denise Babineau, Elizabeth Whalen, Michelle A. Gill, Baomei Shao, Andrew H. Liu, Brett Jepson, Rebecca S. Gruchalla, George T. O'Connor, Jacqueline A. Pongracic, Carolyn M. Kercsmar, Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey, Edward M. Zoratti, Christine Cole Johnson, Stephen J. Teach, Meyer Kattan, Leonard B. Bacharier, Avraham Beigelman, Steve M. Sigelman, Peter J. Gergen, Lisa M. Wheatley, Scott Presnell, Alkis Togias, William W. Busse, Matthew C. Altman
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Circadian Control of DRP1 Activity Regulates Mitochondrial Dynamics and Bioenergetics
Authors: Karen Schmitt, Amandine Grimm, Robert Dallmann, Bjoern Oettinghaus, Lisa Michelle Restelli, Melissa Witzig, Naotada Ishihara, Katsuyoshi Mihara, Jürgen A. Ripperger, Urs Albrecht, Stephan Frank, Steven A. Brown, Anne Eckert
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2018)
Abstract 15720: A Prospective Assessment of Optimal Mechanical Ventilation Parameters for Pediatric Catheter Ablation
Authors: Christopher M Janson, Scott R Ceresnak, Anne M Dubin, Kara S Motonaga, Glenn E Mann, Madelyn Kahana, Ingrid Fitz-James, Lisa Wise-Faberowski, Komal Kamra, Lynn Nappo, Anthony Trela, Jaeun M Choi, Robert H Pass
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction:  Catheter stability is an important factor in ablation success and may be affected by changes in intrathoracic pressure related to mechanical ventilation. There are few data on the effects of ventilation on catheter stability during ablation procedures in children and young adults. We prospectively characterized the effects of ventilation parameters on catheter movement, with a goal of determining the optimal mode of ventilation for pediatric ablation procedures.   Methods:  Subjects  2 0 (PEEP) or 0 cm H 2 O (ZEEP). The ablation catheter was moved to pre-determined standard annular positions [right posterior septal (RPS), right lateral (RL), +/- left lateral (LL)], and movement of the catheter tip was measured using 3D electroanatomic mapping systems under 2 conditions: small tidal volume (STV) (3-5 mL/kg) or large TV (LTV) (6-8 mL/kg), with rate adjusted to achieve equivalent minute ventilation. Multivariate analysis was conducted using a generalized linear mixed model to evaluate the effects of TV, PEEP, annular position, and patient BSA on catheter movement.   Results:  50 subjects [mean age 13.8 years; 24 (48%) PEEP] were enrolled for a total of 234 separate observations of catheter movement: 100 RPS, 100 RL, 34 LL. STV ventilation was associated with significantly reduced catheter movement, compared to LTV at all positions (RPS: 2.4 ± 1.4 vs. 5.0 ± 3.2 mm, p    Conclusions:  STV ventilation is associated with reduced ablation catheter movement compared to a LTV strategy, independent of PEEP and annular position. A STV strategy may be the preferred approach for mechanical ventilation during pediatric ablations.
Apport du BLI/LCI dans la caractérisation de l'endobrachyoesophage et de ses complications
Authors: N Asmar, N Etchepare, G Rahmi, E Coron, G Perrod, M Le Rhun, N Musquer, S Khater, E Samaha, H Benosman, A Vienne, C Cellier
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Le principal risque de l'endobrachyoesophage (EBO) est l'évolution vers l'adénocarcinome, ce qui nécessite une surveillance endoscopique continue. La chromoendoscopie virtuelle avec le système ELUXEO (Fujifilm, Tokyo, Japon) qui associe le BLI (Blue Laser Imaging) et le LCI (Linked Color Imaging) a pour objectif de cibler les biopsies sur des zones à risques. Le but de cette étude est d'évaluer ce système pour caractériser l'EBO et dépister une dysplasie ou un cancer.
Abstract 17432: Association of Hospital Excess Readmission Ratio With Care Quality and Outcomes After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Findings From the NCDR ACTION Registry-GWTG
Authors: Ambarish Pandey, Harsh Golwala, Hurst Hall, Tracy Wang, Di Lu, Ying Xian, Karen Chiswell, Karen Joynt, Abhinav Goyal, Sandeep Das, Dharam Kumbhani, Howard Julien, Gregg Fonarow, James De Lemos
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: The Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP) penalizes hospitals with higher than expected risk-adjusted 30-day readmission rates (excess readmission ratio [ERR]>1) after acute m...
Healthcare professionals must demand action on the social determinants of preventable low fetal growth and preterm birth
Authors: Alain Braillon, Susan Bewley
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Smith and colleagues clearly show that air pollution from road traffic in London adversely affects fetal growth.1 The study adjusted for confounding variables and estimated a population attributable fraction (the proportional reduction in population morbidity that would occur if exposure was reduced to zero) of 3%, which is merely the tip …
Prévalence des adénomes avancés selon la taille des polypes colorectaux: résultats préliminaires d'une étude prospective
Authors: L Bensefa, K Layaida, Y Zair, M Khellaf, A Bouhadjela, A Nedjahi, L Kecili, N Bounab, K Belhocine, L Gamar, N Kaddache, S Khouitar, Z Amir, S Berkane
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Estimer la prévalence des adénomes colorectaux avancés (dysplasie de haut grade et/ou composante villeuse ou d'une taille supérieure à 9 millimètres) ou dégénérés sur les polypes réséqués selon leurs tailles.
Serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen-2 is a highly sensitive biomarker for atopic dermatitis in children
Authors: Toshiaki Kawano, Mizuho Nagao, Takao Fujisawa, Hiroshi Odajima, Shinichiro Inagaki, Yukihiro Ohya, Yoshinori Azuma, Noriko Nomura, Kenji Izuhara
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
Conserved and Divergent Features of Human and Mouse Kidney Organogenesis
Authors: Nils O. Lindström, Jill A. McMahon, Jinjin Guo, Tracy Tran, Qiuyu Guo, Elisabeth Rutledge, Riana K. Parvez, Gohar Saribekyan, Robert E. Schuler, Christopher Liao, Albert D. Kim, Ahmed Abdelhalim, Seth W. Ruffins, Matthew E. Thornton, Laurence Basking, Brendan Grubbs, Carl Kesselman, Andrew P. McMahon
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2018)

Human kidney function is underpinned by approximately 1,000,000 nephrons, although the number varies substantially, and low nephron number is linked to disease. Human kidney development initiates around 4 weeks of gestation and ends around 34-37 weeks of gestation. Over this period, a reiterative inductive process establishes the nephron complement. Studies have provided insightful anatomic descriptions of human kidney development, but the limited histologic views are not readily accessible to a broad audience. In this first paper in a series providing comprehensive insight into human kidney formation, we examined human kidney development in 135 anonymously donated human kidney specimens. We documented kidney development at a macroscopic and cellular level through histologic analysis, RNA in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence studies, and transcriptional profiling, contrasting human development (4-23 weeks) with mouse development at selected stages (embryonic day 15.5 and postnatal day 2). The high-resolution histologic interactive atlas of human kidney organogenesis generated can be viewed at the GUDMAP database (www.gudmap.org) together with three-dimensional reconstructions of key components of the data herein. At the anatomic level, human and mouse kidney development differ in timing, scale, and global features such as lobe formation and progenitor niche organization. The data also highlight differences in molecular and cellular features, including the expression and cellular distribution of anchor gene markers used to identify key cell types in mouse kidney studies. These data will facilitate and inform in vitro efforts to generate human kidney structures and comparative functional analyses across mammalian species.
Sixty Beats per Minute
Authors: Sarah D. Fox
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
An indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase siRNA nanoparticle-coated and Trp2-displayed recombinant yeast vaccine inhibits melanoma tumor growth in mice
Authors: Dong-qun Liu, Shuai Lu, Ling-xiao Zhang, Mei Ji, Shu-ying Liu, Shao-wei Wang, Rui-tian Liu
Journal: Journal of Controlled Release (2018)
20 years' experience with laparoscopic splenectomy. Single center outcomes of a cohort study of 500 cases
Authors: Dorota Radkowiak, Anna Zychowicz, Anna Lasek, Michał Wysocki, Piotr Major, Michał Pędziwiatr, Piotr Budzyński, Jan Kulawik, Andrzej Budzyński
Journal: International Journal of Surgery (2018)
Prothèse biodégradable dans les sténoses oesophagiennes réfractaires bénignes (SORBE): résultats de l'observatoire de la SFED actualisés
Authors: S Lecleire, L Diez, A Di Fiore, R Dumas, P Ducrotté, A Charachon
Journal: Endoscopy (2018)

Les sténoses oesophagiennes bénignes peuvent entraîner une dysphagie sévère et altérer la qualité de vie des patients avec une perte de poids importante. Le traitement de ces sténoses repose en première intention sur la dilatation endoscopique au ballonnet, qui peut s'avérer insuffisante ou être suivie d'une récidive précoce de la dysphagie. Au-delà de trois dilatations bien conduites, ces sténoses sont qualifiées de réfractaires. La chirurgie chez ces malades est complexe et risquée, les patients ont par conséquent peu d'options thérapeutiques. Les prothèses biodégradables SX-ELLA tressées en fil de suture chirurgical, disponibles depuis quelques années, permettent une dilatation prolongée durant 2 à 4 mois avant leur résorption spontanée et progressive.