tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Hemoglobin A1c Variability Predicts Symptoms of Depression in Elderly Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ramit Ravona-Springer, Anthony Heymann, James Schmeidler, Erin Moshier, Elizabeth Guerrero-Berroa, Laili Soleimani, Mary Sano, Derek Leroith, Rachel Preiss, Ruth Tzukran, Jeremy M. Silverman, Michal Schnaider Beeri
Journal: Diabetes Care (2017)

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyze the relationship of variability in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) over years with subsequent depressive symptoms. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Subjects (n = 837) were participants of the Israel Diabetes and Cognitive Decline (IDCD) study, which aimed to examine the relationship of characteristics of long-term type 2 diabetes with cognitive decline. All pertain to a diabetes registry established in 1998, which contains an average of 18 HbA1c measurements per subject. The results presented here are based on the IDCD baseline examination. Symptoms of depression were assessed using the 15-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). To quantify the association between variability in glycemic control (measured as the SD of HbA1c measurements [HbA1c-SD]) since 1998 with the number of depression symptoms at IDCD baseline, incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and corresponding 95% CIs were estimated via negative binomial regression modeling and used to account for the overdispersion in GDS scores. RESULTS Subjects’ ages averaged 72.74 years (SD 4.63 years), and the mean number of years in the diabetes registry was 8.7 (SD 2.64 years). The mean GDS score was 2.16 (SD 2.26); 10% of subjects had a GDS score ≥6, the cutoff for clinically significant depression. Mean HbA1c significantly correlated with HbA1c-SD (r = 0.6625; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). The SD, but not the mean, of HbA1c measurements was significantly associated with the number of subsequent depressive symptoms. For each additional 1% increase in HbA1c-SD, the number of depressive symptoms increased by a factor of 1.31 (IRR = 1.31 [95% CI 1.03–1.67]; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Variability in glycemic control is associated with more depressive symptoms.
Practice- vs Physician-Level Variation in Use of Active Surveillance for Men With Low-Risk Prostate Cancer
Authors: Gregory B. Auffenberg, Brian R. Lane, Susan Linsell, Michael L. Cher, David C. Miller
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2017)

Owing to concerns about overtreatment, urologists are increasingly using active surveillance (AS) as the initial management for men with low-risk prostate cancer. 1,2Nonetheless, additional progress in this area requires a deeper understanding of the wellestablished and wide variation in use of AS. 3,4 Of particular interest from a quality improvement perspective is whether practice patterns tend to vary widely even among urologists in the same practice and/or based on her or his panel size (ie, the volume of men with low-risk prostate cancer a given urologist manages).In the context of limited resources, the availability of such information may be used to develop efficient improvement interventions aimed at optimizing the implementation of AS among diverse urologists and practice settings. Methods | The Michigan Urological Surgery ImprovementCollaborative is a consortium of 43 academic and community urology practices in Michigan that maintains a prospective clinical registry with detailed and validated clinical information for men newly diagnosed as having prostate cancer seen in participating practices.For this analysis, we identified all Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative practices with at least 5 urologists who each managed 5 or more men with low-risk prostate cancer from January 2012 through July 2016.We then examined the proportion of men managed primarily with AS across practices and among urologists within each practice, adjusting for differences in patient age and comorbidity.Finally, we fit a linear regression model to estimate the association between the proportion of patients entering AS and urologist panel size.Two-sided testing was performed, with P < .05considered significant (StataCorp).Each practice obtained institutional review board approval of not-regulated or exempt status or had an expedited review for collaborative participation.As a part of the institutional review board process at all participating sites, it was determined that given the quality improvement focus of the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative and the fact that the data it houses are (1) collected for quality improvement and not human participants research and ( 2) is collected during routine care of patients (eg, does not require any changes or burdens beyond routine care processes), informed consent was not necessary.
Lesson of the Week: Detection of bilateral isodense subdural haematomas
Authors: R J Davenport, P F X Statham, C P Warlow
Journal: BMJ (1994)

Although cranial computed tomography is sensitive for detecting most subdural haematomas, those which are of the same density (isodense) as normal brain tissue may be difficult to identify in a scan. When the isodense haematoma is unilateral the presence of mass effect with a shift of the midline provides the diagnostic clue; with bilateral haematomas, however, the midline may remain undisturbed and the computed tomogram may be interpreted as either normal or showing generalised cerebral swelling of uncertain cause. We report on two patients with bilateral haematomas, both of whom were receiving anticoagulants, in whom the diagnosis was delayed even after computed tomography.

### Case 1

A 71 year old man was admitted as an emergency with a two month history of progressive headache; coughing and straining exacerbated the pain but he had no nausea, vomiting, or disturbance of vision and his headache was not related to posture or time of day. He had a two year history of intermittent, non-specific headache, and an unenhanced cranial computed tomogram done 18 months previously had shown cortical atrophy only (figure (top)); no firm diagnosis had been reached at that time. He was taking warfarin for recurrent pulmonary emboli; six days before admission clotting tests showed an international normalised ratio of >6. On examination he had no abnormal physical signs; he had an erythrocyte sedimentation rate …
Phase 2 study of eribulin mesylate in combination with carboplatin in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer.
Authors: Vasiliki Michalaki, Eleni Karvouni, Nikolaos Dafnios, Christos Psychogios, John Vasiliou, Christos A. Papadimitriou
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

e12551 Background: Treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains one of the most challenging subtypes to treat because of the lack of specific therapies. In addition to the evaluation of platinum in the preoperative setting, studies in the metastatic setting further support that platinum may be active in metastatic TNBC. Another novel mitotic inhibitor currently being studied in this setting is eribulin.The aim of this Phase 2 study was to assess efficacy and safety of eribulin in combination with carboplatin as first-line therapy for locally recurrent or metastatic TNBC. Methods: Eligible patients were females with TNBC who had received one previous chemotherapy regimen in adjuvant setting (including an anthracycline and a taxane, but excluding platinum agents), an ECOG (PS) ≤ 1, and adequate hematological, renal and hepatic function. Patients received eribulin at 1.4 mg/m2 (IV over 2-5 minutes) on days 1 and 8 followed by carboplatin AUC5 (IV over 30 minutes) on day 1 every 21 days until disease progression. CT scans were performed every 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the objective response rate (ORR); secondary outcomes included clinical benefit rate (CBR), progression-free survival (PFS), and safety and tolerability. Results: 26 females (median age: 56.5 years [range: 39–75] were enrolled in the study. 12 [46%] patients had liver metastases; 16[61%] had lung metastases). A median of 8 (range: 3–16) treatment cycles was administered (62 % of patients received ≥ 6 cycles), with 85% of eribulin doses and 83% of carboplatin doses given as planned. The ORR was 57.9% and the CBR was 68.1%, with a median PFS of 8.4 months (95% CI: 4.6, 10.4). Of the 26 patients, 4 experienced grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, and 2 patients experienced grade 3 or 4 peripheral neuropathy. Of the 26 patients, 4 (15%) required a dose reduction in eribulin for grade 3 or 4 neutropenia. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that eribulin in combination with carboplatin appears to be a safe and very promising treatment for metastatic TNBC with a predictable safety and side effect profile. Furthermore, Phase III studies of this combination in patients with advanced TNBC are warranted.
Obesity as an independent prognostic factor of decreased pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.
Authors: Fatih Karatas, Gokmen umut Erdem, Suleyman Sahin, Aydin Aytekin, Deniz Yuce, Ali Riza Sever, Kadri Altundag
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

1029 Background: The relation between body mass index (BMI) and pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer (BC) is a controversial issue. The aim of this study is to evaluate BMI and pCR to NAC and discuss the importance of pCR outcomes in Turkish BC patients. Methods: Of the 4423 BC patients diagnosed between the years 1994 and 2015 in Oncology Center of University of Hacettepe, 295 female patients with stage II and III BC were enrolled in the study. Three different group divisions were done according to patients BMI, as normal and underweight (N/U; < 25 kg/m2), overweight (OW; 25 - 29.9 kg/m2) and obese (OB; ≥ 30 kg/m2). The analysis of overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were performed according to Kaplan-Meier method. The Log-rank test was used to compare the subgroup analysis and logistic regression analysis to determine independent prognostic factor analysis. Results: In this study, a total number of 93 (31.5%) patients were N/U, 107 (36.3%) patients were OW and 95 (32.2%) patients were OB. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, OB was an independent worse prognostic feature on pCR to NAC compared to N/U patients. (OR: 0.34, 95%CI: 0.13 to 0.85; P = 0.02). Median RFS and median OS was significantly higher in N/U patients compared to OB patients (RFS: 150 vs. 76 months respectively; P = 0.03 and OS; N/U = not reached vs. OB = 114 months; P = 0.01) and were also higher in pCR group compared to non-pCR patients (RFS: 151 vs. 77 months; P = 0.004 and OS: not reached vs. 211 months; P = 0.04). In cox regression analysis; pCR, histopathologic grade and TNBC were found independent prognostic factor on OS (HR: 0.29, 95%CI: 0.11 to 0.79, P = 0.015, HR: 2.09, 95%CI: 1.14 to 3.83, P = 0.017, HR: 1.95, 95%CI: 1.01 to 3.77, P = 0.046, respectively). Conclusions: It was observed that obesity was a strongly important independent prognostic factor for lower likelihood of pCR. Obesity causes a decrease both in RFS and OS in patients with BC who receive NAC. The probability of chemotherapy resistance and inefficient treatment in obese patients should be considered.
Improving in vivo outcomes of decellularized vascular grafts via incorporation of a novel extracellular matrix
Authors: Nina J. Kristofik, Lingfeng Qin, Nicole E. Calabro, Sashka Dimitrievska, Guangxin Li, George Tellides, Laura E. Niklason, Themis R. Kyriakides
Journal: Biomaterials (2017)
T Cell Subsets and Associated Cytokines in Chronic Graft-Versus-Host-Disease Using G-CSF Primed Bone Marrow in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Monica M Rivera Franco, Eucario Leon Rodriguez, Diana Gomez Martin, Javier Merayo Chalico, Jorge Alcocer Varela
Journal: Blood (2016)
High risk family colorectal cancer screening clinic: Paradigm for future screening strategy in Ireland?
Authors: J Leyden, A Moss, S McGovern, C Cronin, T Scanlan, A Conroy, A Green, G O'Sullivan, M O'Riordan, P MacMathuna
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Aim: The benefit of screening individuals with a family history (FHx) of colorectal cancer (CRC) not meeting HNPCC/FAP criteria is unclear. We present data from 2 centers in Cork and Dublin on the structure and outcomes of a nurse-managed high-risk CRC screening clinic.
Genomic Reconstruction of the History of Native Sheep Reveals the Peopling Patterns of Nomads and the Expansion of Early Pastoralism in East Asia
Authors: Yong-Xin Zhao, Ji Yang, Feng-Hua Lv, Xiao-Ju Hu, Xing-Long Xie, Min Zhang, Wen-Rong Li, Ming-Jun Liu, Yu-Tao Wang, Jin-Quan Li, Yong-Gang Liu, Yan-Ling Ren, Feng Wang, EEr Hehua, Juha Kantanen, Johannes Arjen Lenstra, Jian-Lin Han, Meng-Hua Li
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2017)

China has a rich resource of native sheep (Ovis aries) breeds associated with historical movements of several nomadic societies. However, the history of sheep and the associated nomadic societies in ancient China remains poorly understood. Here, we studied the genomic diversity of Chinese sheep using genome-wide SNPs, mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal variations in > 1,000 modern samples. Population genomic analyses combined with archeological records and historical ethnic demographics data revealed genetic signatures of the origins, secondary expansions and admixtures, of Chinese sheep thereby revealing the peopling patterns of nomads and the expansion of early pastoralism in East Asia. Originating from the Mongolian Plateau ∼5,000‒5,700 years ago, Chinese sheep were inferred to spread in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River ∼3,000‒5,000 years ago following the expansions of the Di-Qiang people. Afterwards, sheep were then inferred to reach the Qinghai-Tibetan and Yunnan-Kweichow plateaus ∼2,000‒2,600 years ago by following the north-to-southwest routes of the Di-Qiang migration. We also unveiled two subsequent waves of migrations of fat-tailed sheep into northern China, which were largely commensurate with the migrations of ancestors of Hui Muslims eastward and Mongols southward during the 12th‒13th centuries. Furthermore, we revealed signs of argali introgression into domestic sheep, extensive historical mixtures among domestic populations and strong artificial selection for tail type and other traits, reflecting various breeding strategies by nomadic societies in ancient China.
The incorporation of emotion-regulation skills into couple- and family-based treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Deborah A. Perlick, Frederic J. Sautter, Julia J. Becker-Cretu, Danielle Schultz, Savannah C. Grier, Alexander V. Libin, Manon Maitland Schladen, Shirley M. Glynn
Journal: Military Medical Research (2017)

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disabling, potentially chronic disorder that is characterized by re-experience and hyperarousal symptoms as well as the avoidance of trauma-related stimuli. The distress experienced by many veterans of the Vietnam War and their partners prompted a strong interest in developing conjoint interventions that could both alleviate the core symptoms of PTSD and strengthen family bonds. We review the evolution of and evidence base for conjoint PTSD treatments from the Vietnam era through the post-911 era. Our review is particularly focused on the use of treatment strategies that are designed to address the emotions that are generated by the core symptoms of the disorder to reduce their adverse impact on veterans, their partners and the relationship. We present a rationale and evidence to support the direct incorporation of emotion-regulation skills training into conjoint interventions for PTSD. We begin by reviewing emerging evidence suggesting that high levels of emotion dysregulation are characteristic of and predict the severity of both PTSD symptoms and the level of interpersonal/marital difficulties reported by veterans with PTSD and their family members. In doing so, we present a compelling rationale for the inclusion of formal skills training in emotional regulation in couple-/family-based PTSD treatments. We further argue that increased exposure to trauma-related memories and emotions in treatments based on learning theory requires veterans and their partners to learn to manage the uncomfortable emotions that they previously avoided. Conjoint treatments that were developed in the last 30 years all acknowledge the importance of emotions in PTSD but vary widely in their relative emphasis on helping participants to acquire strategies to modulate them compared to other therapeutic tasks such as learning about the disorder or disclosing the trauma to a loved one. We conclude our review by describing two recent innovative treatments for PTSD that incorporate a special emphasis on emotion-regulation skills training in the dyadic context: structured approach therapy (SAT) and multi-family group for military couples (MFG-MC). Although the incorporation of emotion-regulation skills into conjoint PTSD therapies appears promising, replication and comparison to cognitive-behavioral approaches is needed to refine our understanding of which symptoms and veterans might be more responsive to one approach versus others.
A pilot randomised controlled trial examining the feasibility, acceptability and impact of giving information on personalised genomic risk of melanoma to the public, for motivating preventive behaviours.
Authors: Anne E. Cust, Amelia K Smit, Georgina Fenton, Lucinda Freeman, David Espinoza, Rachael L Morton, Phyllis Butow, Matthew H Law, Kate Dunlop, Louise A. Keogh, Michael G. Kimlin, Judy Kirk, Suzanne Dobbinson, Peter A Kanetsky, Graham J Mann, Ainsley J Newson
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

1556 Background: Melanoma is highly preventable. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of giving information on personalised genomic risk of melanoma to the public, and its impact on behaviours, psychosocial and ethical issues. Methods: We recruited 120 people (22-69 years); consent was 41% overall but differed by age and sex. Participants were randomised to the intervention (personal genomic risk of melanoma based on variants in 21 genes, with a personalised booklet and telephone-based genetic counselling; plus educational materials) or the waitlist control (educational materials only). Follow-up was conducted after 3-months. Results: 118 (98%) completed baseline data and were randomised (intervention=60; control=58). Follow-up questionnaires were completed by 108 (92%) participants and 4-day objective UV measures by 101 (86%). Intervention participants reported high satisfaction with the risk booklet (mean 8.6, SD 1.6) and genetic counselling (mean 8.1, SD 2.2) on a 0-10 scale. Preliminary outcomes at 3-months suggest there were some beneficial changes to preventive behaviours, particularly in the high- and average-risk groups, but most were not statistically significant (Table). There were no consistent differences in psychosocial outcomes between the study groups. Conclusions: Results from this pilot study demonstrate the feasibility and acceptability of giving information on personalised genomic risk of melanoma to the public. A larger trial with longer follow-up is needed to evaluate effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Clinical trial information: 12615000356561. Between-group mean difference (95% CI) at 3-months1, stratified by genomic risk High Average Low Peak-sun hr/wk (0-28) -0.74 (-3.53, 2.06) -0.96 (-2.72, 0.81) -1.71 (-5.20, 1.78) Intentional tanning (1never -5always ) -0.33 (-0.80, 0.14) -0.38 (-0.66, -0.10)2 0.12 (-0.44, 0.67) Sun protection3 (1never -4always ) -0.10 (-0.36, 0.16) 0.17 (-0.02, 0.36) 0.01 (-0.25, 0.26) 1 Presented as adjusted means from ANCOVA for continuous variables; with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and adjusted for baseline values. 2 P<0.01 3 Index based on 6 behaviours
Role of PTEN in butyrate-induced colon cancer cell growth arrest, apoptosis, and differentiation.
Authors: Do-Sun Byun, Andrew J. Wilson, Lucas B. Murray, Shannon Nasser, Minaxi Jhawer, Leonard H. Augenlicht, John M. Mariadason
Journal: Cancer Research (2006)

5084  HDAC inhibitors induce cell-cycle arrest in the G1 and/or G2 phase, apoptosis and/or differentiation in cancer cells and are showing promise as treatment for a variety of human cancers. Their precise mechanism of action however, has not been fully elucidated. We identified a significant upregulation of PTEN mRNA in a microarray database of Caco-2 colon carcinoma cells treated with the HDAC inhibitor, sodium butyrate. PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) is a dual phosphatase, acting at both serine-threonine and tyrosine sites. PTEN inhibits the activation of Akt/protein kinase B by phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate, thus modulating a major pathway controlling cell proliferation and survival. This study, therefore, aimed to examine the role of PTEN in HDAC inhibitor-induced colon cell maturation. Consistent with the microarray data, we found that butyrate upregulated PTEN mRNA and protein expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner in Caco-2, HT-29, and HCT116 colon cancer cells. PTEN induction was first observed 48-72 hours following butyrate treatment suggesting its upregulation is an indirect effect of butyrate treatment. Upregulated PTEN expression in response to butyrate was also observed in Hela cells, indicating this effect was not specific to colon cancer cells. The structurally related HDAC inhibitor, valproic acid, also induced PTEN expression in colon cancer cells. To determine whether upregulation of PTEN is specific to butyrate induced differentiation or a consistent feature of intestinal cell differentiation, we examined its expression in the Caco-2 in vitro model of colon cell differentiation and along the crypt-villus axis in vivo. PTEN expression was increased during spontaneous differentiation of Caco-2 cells, and along the mouse small intestinal crypt to villus axis in vivo, indicating PTEN is consistently upregulated during intestinal cell differentiation. To directly determine the role of PTEN in butyrate-induced growth inhibition, differentiation and apoptosis in colon cancer cells, PTEN was inhibited using siRNA in colon cancer cells. Western blot analysis confirmed a >80% inhibition of PTEN protein expression following 72-120h exposure to small interfering RNA. Silencing of PTEN partially attenuated butyrate-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in HCT116 cells, and butyrate-mediated induction of the differentiation marker, alkaline phosphatase activity, in Caco-2 cells. Screening of a panel of 30 colon cancer cell lines identified 2 cell lines, LIM2405 and KM12 that had no detectable PTEN expression, and PTEN was not induced by butyrate in these cell lines. Collectively, these results demonstrate that upregulation of PTEN plays a role in mediating butyrate-induced growth inhibition, apoptosis and differentiation in vitro.
Intérêt de la ponction sous échoendoscopie (PEE) couplée à une technique d'analyse standardisée en couche mince dans le diagnostic des lésions pancréatiques solides: étude prospective
Authors: A Couvelard, M Felce-Dachez, L Deschamps, N Colnot, A Aubert, P Ruszniewski, P Bedossa, D O'Toole
Journal: Endoscopy (2006)

Le but de cette étude était d'analyser la performance de la PEE couplée à une technique d'analyse en couche mince dans le diagnostic des lésions solides du pancréas en comparant le résultat au diagnostic final.