tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
The Birth and Death of Olfactory Receptor Gene Families in Mammalian Niche Adaptation
Authors: Graham M Hughes, Emma S M Boston, John A Finarelli, William J Murphy, Desmond G Higgins, Emma C Teeling
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2018)

The olfactory receptor (OR) gene families, which govern mammalian olfaction, have undergone extensive expansion and contraction through duplication and pseudogenization. Previous studies have shown that broadly defined environmental adaptations (e.g., terrestrial vs. aquatic) are correlated with the number of functional and non-functional OR genes retained. However, to date, no study has examined species-specific gene duplications in multiple phylogenetically divergent mammals to elucidate OR evolution and adaptation. Here, we identify the OR gene families driving adaptation to different ecological niches by mapping the fate of species-specific gene duplications in the OR repertoire of 94 diverse mammalian taxa, using molecular phylogenomic methods. We analyze >70,000 OR gene sequences mined from whole genomes, generated from novel amplicon sequencing data, and collated with data from previous studies, comprising one of the largest OR studies to date. For the first time, we demonstrate statistically significant patterns of OR species-specific gene duplications associated with the presence of a functioning vomeronasal organ. With respect to dietary niche, we uncover a novel link between a large number of duplications in OR family 5/8/9 and herbivory. Our results also highlight differences between social and solitary niches, indicating that a greater OR repertoire expansion may be associated with a solitary lifestyle. This study demonstrates the utility of species-specific duplications in elucidating gene family evolution, revealing how the OR repertoire has undergone expansion and contraction with respect to a number of ecological adaptations in mammals.
Where should I look for MSc and MD courses? I am an overseas doctor and new to the United Kingdom.
Authors: Jo Constable
Journal: BMJ (2004)

<i>Got a career or related problem that needs answering? Can9t find the right person to point you in the right direction? Log on to the Advice Zone (www.bmjcareers.com/advicezone) for reliable medical careers advice. You can post a question or see if one of our 300 advisers has already answered a similar question. Here is a selection of questions and answers posted on the site.</i>
Prognostic value of 201Tl myocardial scintigraphy.
Authors: W P Oosterhuis, A H Zwinderman, A Kuyper, A Breeman, M G Niemeyer
Journal: Circulation (1991)

Antianginal Treatment and 201T1 ScintigraphyIn his excellent review of the prognostic value of `11 imaging, Dr.Brownl states that the effect of medical antianginal treatment on prognostic value of exercise 201T1 scintigraphy is unknown.This is not entirely correct.We have demonstrated that antianginal medications reduce the specificity and negative predictive value of this test in relation to prognosis as measured by coronary events during mean follow-up of 23 months.2Our study used planar scintigraphy and visual image analysis.It is thus possible that some patients with normal planar thallium who did not have antianginal medications discontinued for testing and who incurred coronary events during follow-up would have had perfusion abnormalities disclosed by single-photon emission computed tomography.It is also conceivable that dipyridamole would disclose flow limitation in some patients with normal perfusion studies who performed only submaximal exercise.We therefore agree that "whether treatment affects imaging results and prognosis concordantly or masks potentially high-risk coronary artery disease . . .requires further study"; however, in the context of our study it is clear that antianginal medications had significant impact on the prognostic value of exercise `Tr scintig- raphy.We believe that this should be true not only for p-blockers but also for other medications that have the potential to limit coronary flow heterogeneity.On the basis of our results, we suggested a rationale for repeating 201T1 scintigraphy after discon- tinuation of antianginal medications for optimal prognostication of coronary event-free follow-up.In the absence of other data, this approach still seems justified.
I am planning to move to Spain in two years' time. Any advice on UK qualified doctors working there as general practitioners or in accident and emergency?
Authors: James Sherifi
Journal: BMJ (2005)

Have a career or related problem that needs answering? Can9t find the right person to point you in the right direction? Log on to the Advice Zone (www.bmjcareers.com/advicezone) for reliable medical careers advice. You can post a question or see if one of our 300 advisers has already answered a similar question. Here is a selection of questions and answers posted on the site.
Core skills in hand surgery
Authors: Sophia Opel
Journal: BMJ (2012)

This course attracts trainees mainly from plastic surgery but also from trauma and orthopaedics and accident and emergency—anyone with an interest in hand surgery and trauma. The college advises a level of experience from core training year 1 to specialty training year 4. 

I did this course in January 2012, as a core trainee year 2 with eight months’ experience in plastic surgery.

I did the course for two reasons. Firstly, because hand trauma is a large part of plastic surgery, I wanted to be taught (and then practise) techniques by hand surgeons from all over the United Kingdom. Secondly, I thought that having a …
Expansions of intronic TTTCA and TTTTA repeats in benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Hiroyuki Ishiura, Koichiro Doi, Jun Mitsui, Jun Yoshimura, Miho Kawabe Matsukawa, Asao Fujiyama, Yasuko Toyoshima, Akiyoshi Kakita, Hitoshi Takahashi, Yutaka Suzuki, Sumio Sugano, Wei Qu, Kazuki Ichikawa, Hideaki Yurino, Koichiro Higasa, Shota Shibata, Aki Mitsue, Masaki Tanaka, Yaeko Ichikawa, Yuji Takahashi, Hidetoshi Date, Takashi Matsukawa, Junko Kanda, Fumiko Kusunoki Nakamoto, Mana Higashihara, Koji Abe, Ryoko Koike, Mutsuo Sasagawa, Yasuko Kuroha, Naoya Hasegawa, Norio Kanesawa, Takayuki Kondo, Takefumi Hitomi, Masayoshi Tada, Hiroki Takano, Yutaka Saito, Kazuhiro Sanpei, Osamu Onodera, Masatoyo Nishizawa, Masayuki Nakamura, Takeshi Yasuda, Yoshio Sakiyama, Mieko Otsuka, Akira Ueki, Ken-ichi Kaida, Jun Shimizu, Ritsuko Hanajima, Toshihiro Hayashi, Yasuo Terao, Satomi Inomata-Terada, Masashi Hamada, Yuichiro Shirota, Akatsuki Kubota, Yoshikazu Ugawa, Kishin Koh, Yoshihisa Takiyama, Natsumi Ohsawa-Yoshida, Shoichi Ishiura, Ryo Yamasaki, Akira Tamaoka, Hiroshi Akiyama, Taisuke Otsuki, Akira Sano, Akio Ikeda, Jun Goto, Shinichi Morishita, Shoji Tsuji
Journal: Nature Genetics (2018)
Bedless Psychiatry—Rebuilding Behavioral Health Service Capacity
Authors: Dominic A. Sisti, Elizabeth A. Sinclair, Steven S. Sharfstein
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Psychiatry HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Psychiatry journal
Common Language Description of the Term Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases (<scp>RMD</scp>s) for Use in Communication With the Lay Public, Healthcare Providers, and Other Stakeholders Endorsed by the European League Against Rheumatism (<scp>EULAR</scp>) and the American College of Rheumatology (<scp>ACR</scp>)
Authors: Désirée van der Heijde, David I. Daikh, Neil Betteridge, Gerd R. Burmester, Afton L. Hassett, Eric L. Matteson, Ronald van Vollenhoven, Sharad Lakhanpal
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2018)

A European League Against Rheumatism–American College of Rheumatology working group consisting of practicing and academic rheumatologists, a rheumatology researcher, and a patient representative created a succinct general statement describing rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases ( RMD s) in adults and children in language that can be used in conversations with the lay public, media, healthcare providers, and other stakeholders. Based on the literature review, several elements were deemed important for inclusion in the description of RMD s. First, RMD s encompass many different diseases that can affect individuals at any age, including children. Second, there are various pathophysiological pathways underlying different RMD s. Third, the impact of RMD s on individuals and society should be emphasized. The working group agreed that the language should be comprehensible to the lay public. Thus, the following description of RMD s has been developed: “Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases ( RMD s) are a diverse group of diseases that commonly affect the joints, but can affect any organ of the body. There are more than 200 different RMD s, affecting both children and adults. They are usually caused by problems of the immune system, inflammation, infections, or gradual deterioration of joints, muscles, and bones. Many of these diseases are long term and worsen over time. They are typically painful and limit function. In severe cases, RMD s can result in significant disability, having a major impact on both quality of life and life expectancy.” This description can be used by rheumatology groups, researchers, and those who work in advocacy and education related to RMD s.
What are the minimum requirements for gaining membership of the Royal College of Physicians?
Authors: Lloyd Bradley
Journal: BMJ (2004)

Have a career or related problem that needs answering? Can9t find the right person to point you in the right direction? Log on to the Advice Zone (www.bmjcareers.com/advicezone) for reliable medical careers advice. You can post a question or see if one of our 300 advisers has already answered a similar question. Here is a selection of questions and answers posted on the site.
Virchow Node From Prostate Carcinoma by 18F-Choline PET/CT
Authors: Pablo Antonio de la Riva-Pérez, Francisco Javier García-Gómez, Cristina Buján-Lloret, María de la Cinta Calvo-Morón, Juan Castro-Montaño
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

Abstract 18 F-choline PET/CT is increasingly being used during the follow-up of prostate cancer and is bringing us valuable information for the delineation of local and distant nodal recurrence in patients with hormone-resistant poorly differentiated cell types. Lymphatic spreading usually involves pelvic and retroperitoneal levels, being unusual at supraclavicular levels. We report a 75-year-old man with unsuspected involvement of Virchow node from prostate cancer observed using 18 F-choline PET/CT.
Abstract P3-12-12: Serum estrogen-levels in women 48-56yrs with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Cross-Sectional study using an ultra-sensitive LC-MS/MS-method
Authors: M Van Houdt, P Neven, L Anneleen, J Ivo, V Dirk, B Jaak, L Annouschka, W Hans
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract Background and Purpose: Randomized clinical trials in early stage hormone receptor positive breast cancer (HR+BC), have shown that total estrogen suppression (TES) for 5 yrs or after 2-3 yrs of tamoxifen treatment improved outcome over 5 yrs of TAM monotherapy. This relative improvement is in absolute figures most visible in patients with a high relapse risk. To achieve TES, women need to be (rendered) menopausal and treated with an oral aromatase inhibitor (AI). We measured serum estrogens in women of peri-menopausal age with HR+BC starting or on anti-hormonal agents. Methods: Serum estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) were quantified using a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS; Pauwels et al. JCO 2013) in women 48-56 yrs old with HR+BC starting or on anti-hormonal therapy in a cross sectional observational monocentric study. We report the frequency that (and explore why) AI-users had estrogens above the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ). We measured estrogen levels in TAM users with &amp;gt; 3 months' amenorrhea by previous use of (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. Finally, we studied the frequency of both estrogens or either alone were &amp;lt; LLOQ in non-users. Statistics are descriptive; biomarkers for estrogen levels were analyzed using linear mixed models. [amendment on study NCT01223833] Results: Estrogen levels were assessed in 566 samples from 401 women; 96 (126 samples) were on AI, 128 (182 samples) on TAM and 217 (258 samples) non-users. Some patients had more than one blood sample in different groups. 13,5% of AI users were above LLOQ for E2 and E1; 7,5% for E1 alone. Some were due to ovarian reactivation. An important proportion (18%) of 83 non-hysterectomized TAM users with amenorrhea had E2 levels &amp;gt;40ng/L; 9,1% and 28.2% respectively in patients who had and didn't have (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. None of non-users were below LLOQ for E1, while 20.7% were below LLOQ for E2. Conclusions:TES is not always achieved in AI-users; reasons why were multiple. Amenorrhea is no guarantee for TES in TAM users, as a significant proportion had high E2 levels even when previously exposed to (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. Using LC-MS/MS, undetectable levels for E1 better reflect TES than below LLOQ for E2. Citation Format: Van Houdt M, Neven P, Anneleen L, Ivo J, Dirk V, Jaak B, Annouschka L, Hans W. Serum estrogen-levels in women 48-56yrs with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Cross-Sectional study using an ultra-sensitive LC-MS/MS-method [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-12-12.
ACHILLES TENDON XANTHOMA IS ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERITY OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Takuya Hashimoto, Yoshiyasu Minami, Ryota Kakizaki, Teruyoshi Nemoto, Kazuhiro Fujiyoshi, Kohki Ishida, Tomoyoshi Yanagisawa, Kentaro Meguro, Takao Shimohama, Taiki Tojo, Minako Yamaoka-Tojo, Junya Ako
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Expression in Adrenocortical Carcinoma on 68Ga–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen PET/CT
Authors: Saurabh Arora, Nishikant Avinash Damle, Sameer Aggarwal, Averilicia Passah, Abhishek Behera, Geetanjali Arora, Chandrasekhar Bal, Madhavi Tripathi
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

We present here a case of metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma with bilateral lung nodules. The patient had been treated with mitotane therapy initially and then was later referred for chemotherapy. There was progression of disease noted on the F-FDG PET/CT. Ga prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) PET/CT was planned to explore the possibility of future treatment with Lu-DKFZ-PSMA-617. It revealed peripheral increased uptake of Ga-HBED-CC-PSMA equal to liver uptake.
Transcriptional regulation of macrophage cholesterol efflux and atherogenesis by a long noncoding RNA
Authors: Tamer Sallam, Marius Jones, Brandon J Thomas, Xiaohui Wu, Thomas Gilliland, Kevin Qian, Ascia Eskin, David Casero, Zhengyi Zhang, Jaspreet Sandhu, David Salisbury, Prashant Rajbhandari, Mete Civelek, Cynthia Hong, Ayaka Ito, Xin Liu, Bence Daniel, Aldons J Lusis, Julian Whitelegge, Laszlo Nagy, Antonio Castrillo, Stephen Smale, Peter Tontonoz
Journal: Nature Medicine (2018)
Comment on de Carvalho et al. Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) Inhibitors and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis With Over 96,000 Patient-Years. Diabetes Care 2018;41:364–367
Authors: Ye-Xuan Cao, Jian-Jun Li
Journal: Diabetes Care (2018)

We read with interest the article by de Carvalho et al. (1). This meta-analysis reported the results from 68,123 individuals (20 randomized clinical trials) during 78 weeks of follow-up and evaluated the effects of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) on glucose metabolism. They revealed that PCSK9i increased fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1c ( P < 0.001, respectively) compared with placebo. Satisfactorily, PCSK9i had no impact on the incidence of new-onset diabetes but showed a positive association between diabetes risks and the potency ( P = 0.029) and duration ( P = 0.026) of PCSK9i therapy. The research appears informative clinically. However, we would like to add several comments on this article.

First, in their …
Is there association between characteristics of gastric tumor growth and activation of different growth factor systems?
Authors: Elena Frantsiyants, Irina A. Goroshinskaya, Ekaterina Igorevna Surikova, Valeria A. Bandovkina, Yulia A. Pogorelova, Ludmila A. Nemashkalova, Andrey A. Maslov, Dar'ja E. Medvedeva, Gennadiy V. Kaminskiy, Sergey A. Malinin, Irina Tishchenko, Lusegen Chilhahyan, Oleg Ivanovich Kit
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

29 Background: Signet-ring cell carcinoma of the stomach (SRCC) is significantly associated with poor prognosis and low treatment effectiveness, compared to adenocarcinoma of the stomach (AC). One of the causes of SRCC aggressive course can be its diffuse invasive growth pattern. The ability of tumor cells to synthesize and/or capture growth factors ensures the independent tumor development. VEGF, EGF, IGFI and EGFII facilitate neoangiogenesis and regulation of malignant processes in paracrine/autocrine mechanisms. The purpose of the study was to find the difference between local levels of VEGF, EGF, IGFI and IGFII in tumor and intact tissues in AC and SRCC. Methods: Levels of VEGF, EGF, EGFR, IGF-I and IGFII were determined by ELISA in tumor and intact gastric tissues of 15 AC patients and 10 SRCC patients (T 2-3 N 0-2 M 0 , G 2-3 ), mean age 62.8±2.38 years. Results: Levels of IGF-I, IGF-II and VEGF in intact gastric tissues were similar in AC and SRCC. EGF and EGFR levels in AC were 2.9 and 1.5 higher than in SRCC. Levels of VEGF in AC tumor tissues, compared to intact gastric tissues, increased by 2.3 times, EGF and EGFR did not change, and IGFI and IGFII decreased by 2.1 and 1.8 times, respectively. Tumor tissues of SRCC patients showed the increased levels of EGF (by 2.9 times) and EGFR (by 1.8 times); VEGF and IGF were similar to the levels in intact tissues. SRCC was characterized by the activation of systems of EGF and IGF, but not VEGF. AC demonstrated the stimulation of VEGFA neoangiogenesis. Conclusions: The activation of systems of EGF and IGF in SRCC could be associated with some characteristics of the diffuse growth pattern and the tumor origin from neuroendocrine cells which facilitates the autocrine/paracrine regulation of the invasive growth. AC requires neoangiogenesis which is realized primarily by the VEGF system.
Novel Dual-Action Targeted Nanomedicine in Mice With Metastatic Thyroid Cancer and Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Naris Nilubol, ZiQiang Yuan, Giulio F Paciotti, Lawrence Tamarkin, Carmen Sanchez, Kelli Gaskins, Esther M Freedman, Shugeng Cao, Jielu Zhao, David G I Kingston, Steven K Libutti, Electron Kebebew
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2018)

The advantages of nanomedicines include preferential delivery of the payload directly to tumor tissues. CYT-21625 is the novel, first-in-class gold nanomedicine designed to target tumor vasculature and cancer cells by specifically delivering recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (rhTNF) and a paclitaxel prodrug.We analyzed TNF receptor expression in publicly available gene expression profiling data and in thyroid tissue samples. Mice with metastatic FTC-133 and 8505C xenografts and the MEN1 conditional knock-out mice were treated weekly with CYT-21625 and gold nanoparticles with rhTNF only (CYT-6091); controls included mice treated with either paclitaxel or saline. In vivo luciferase activity was used to assess the effects on tumor growth. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and 18F-Fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography were used to study tumor selectivity in mice with insulin-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). All statistical tests were two-sided.Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) expressed statistically significantly higher levels of TNF receptor superfamily 1A and 1B messenger RNA (n = 11) and protein (n = 6) than control samples (n = 45 and 13, respectively). Mice (n = 5-7 per group) with metastatic ATC (P < .009) and FTC-133 xenografts (P = .03 at week 3, but not statistically significant in week 4 owing to reduced sample size from death in non-CYT-21625 groups) treated with CYT-21625 had a statistically significantly lower tumor burden. Treatment with CYT-21625 resulted in loss of CD34 expression in intratumoral vasculature, decreased proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and increased cleaved caspase-3. Intratumoral vascular leakage occurred only in mice with PNET and ATC treated with CYT-6091 and CYT-21625. CYT-6091 and CYT-21625 preferentially deposited in PNETs and statistically significantly decreased serum insulin levels (n = 3 per group, P < .001). There were no toxicities observed in mice treated with CYT-21625.CYT-21625 is effective in mice with PNETs and metastatic human thyroid cancer with no toxicities. Thus, CYT-21625 should be studied in patients with advanced PNETs and thyroid cancer.