tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Exome chip meta-analysis identifies novel loci and East Asian–specific coding variants that contribute to lipid levels and coronary artery disease
Authors: Xiangfeng Lu, Gina M Peloso, Dajiang J Liu, Ying Wu, He Zhang, Wei Zhou, Jun Li, Clara Sze-man Tang, Rajkumar Dorajoo, Huaixing Li, Jirong Long, Xiuqing Guo, Ming Xu, Cassandra N Spracklen, Yang Chen, Xuezhen Liu, Yan Zhang, Chiea Chuen Khor, Jianjun Liu, Liang Sun, Laiyuan Wang, Yu-Tang Gao, Yao Hu, Kuai Yu, Yiqin Wang, Chloe Yu Yan Cheung, Feijie Wang, Jianfeng Huang, Qiao Fan, Qiuyin Cai, Shufeng Chen, Jinxiu Shi, Xueli Yang, Wanting Zhao, Wayne H-H Sheu, Stacey Shawn Cherny, Meian He, Alan B Feranil, Linda S Adair, Penny Gordon-Larsen, Shufa Du, Rohit Varma, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Xiao-Ou Shu, Karen Siu Ling Lam, Tien Yin Wong, Santhi K Ganesh, Zengnan Mo, Kristian Hveem, Lars G Fritsche, Jonas Bille Nielsen, Hung-fat Tse, Yong Huo, Ching-Yu Cheng, Y Eugene Chen, Wei Zheng, E Shyong Tai, Wei Gao, Xu Lin, Wei Huang, Goncalo Abecasis, Sekar Kathiresan, Karen L Mohlke, Tangchun Wu, Pak Chung Sham, Dongfeng Gu, Cristen J Willer
Journal: Nature Genetics (2017)
Commentary: NHS patients should have a choice of drug for wet age-related macular degeneration, despite pressure from pharma
Authors: David Hambleton
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Commissioners have to pay more than lip service to the obligation on us to find cost effective treatment options. Our 12 clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) have therefore agreed a policy to offer the thousands of patients in our region diagnosed with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) every year the choice of bevacizumab as preferred treatment.

That bevacizumab is as clinically effective and safe as aflibercept and ranibizumab—which patients will continue to be offered as alternatives—has been shown comprehensively.1 We intend to share information with patients through accessible media (including leaflets and audiovisual material) about the treatment options available, the evidence base, and the comparative costs—and allow them to make their own choice.

The …
Resistencias antimicrobianas en Italia: resultados preliminares del proyecto AR-ISS
Authors: D Boccia, A Pantosti, F D'Ancona, S Giannitelli, M. Monaco, S Salmaso
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2002)

Las resistencias antimicrobianas representan un problema critico para la medicina humana hoy en dia, desde una perspectiva tanto clinica como economica. En 1999, el Consejo de la Union Europea incluyo la resistencia a los antibioticos en las prioridades de Salud Publica de la Comunidad y publico una resolucion titulada 'Estrategia contra la amenaza microbiana' ('A strategy against the microbial threat') (1). De acuerdo con este documento, la creacion y consolidacion de un Sistema de Vigilancia para la recogida de unos datos fiables y comparables a escala nacional e internacional es una de las principales intervenciones necesarias para controlar y prevenir las resistencias a antibioticos. Los Sistemas de Vigilancia tambien deben incluir datos sobre el uso y la prescripcion de antibioticos (2).
Embracing Colonizations: A New Paradigm for Species Association Dynamics
Authors: Sören Nylin, Salvatore Agosta, Staffan Bensch, Walter A. Boeger, Mariana P. Braga, Daniel R. Brooks, Matthew L. Forister, Peter A. Hambäck, Eric P. Hoberg, Tommi Nyman, Alexander Schäpers, Alycia L. Stigall, Christopher W. Wheat, Martin Österling, Niklas Janz
Journal: Trends in Ecology & Evolution (2017)
Global, regional, and country-level coverage of interventions to prevent and manage HIV and hepatitis C among people who inject drugs: a systematic review
Authors: Sarah Larney, Amy Peacock, Janni Leung, Samantha Colledge, Matthew Hickman, Peter Vickerman, Jason Grebely, Kostyantyn V Dumchev, Paul Griffiths, Lindsey Hines, Evan B Cunningham, Richard P Mattick, Michael Lynskey, John Marsden, John Strang, Louisa Degenhardt
Journal: The Lancet Global Health (2017)

BackgroundPeople who inject drugs (PWID) are a key population affected by the global HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemics. HIV and HCV prevention interventions for PWID include needle and syringe programmes (NSP), opioid substitution therapy (OST), HIV counselling and testing, HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART), and condom distribution programmes. We aimed to produce country-level, regional, and global estimates of coverage of NSP, OST, HIV testing, ART, and condom programmes for PWID.MethodsWe completed searches of peer-reviewed (MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO), internet, and grey literature databases, and disseminated data requests via social media and targeted emails to international experts. Programme and survey data on each of the named interventions were collected. Programme data were used to derive country-level estimates of the coverage of interventions in accordance with indicators defined by WHO, UNAIDS, and the UN Office on Drugs and Crime. Regional and global estimates of NSP, OST, and HIV testing coverage were also calculated. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO, number CRD42017056558.FindingsIn 2017, of 179 countries with evidence of injecting drug use, some level of NSP services were available in 93 countries, and there were 86 countries with evidence of OST implementation. Data to estimate NSP coverage were available for 57 countries, and for 60 countries to estimate OST coverage. Coverage varied widely between countries, but was most often low according to WHO indicators (<100 needle-syringes distributed per PWID per year; <20 OST recipients per PWID per year). Data on HIV testing were sparser than for NSP and OST, and very few data were available to estimate ART access among PWID living with HIV. Globally, we estimate that there are 33 (uncertainty interval [UI] 21–50) needle-syringes distributed via NSP per PWID annually, and 16 (10–24) OST recipients per 100 PWID. Less than 1% of PWID live in countries with high coverage of both NSP and OST (>200 needle-syringes distributed per PWID and >40 OST recipients per 100 PWID).InterpretationCoverage of HIV and HCV prevention interventions for PWID remains poor and is likely to be insufficient to effectively prevent HIV and HCV transmission. Scaling up of interventions for PWID remains a crucial priority for halting the HIV and HCV epidemics.FundingOpen Society Foundations, The Global Fund, WHO, UNAIDS, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Australian National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney.
Epidemiology of staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome in U.S. children
Authors: A. Staiman, D.Y. Hsu, J.I. Silverberg
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2017)

Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is a blistering dermatosis caused by exfoliative toxins released from Staphylococcus aureus.To describe the incidence, costs, length of stay (LOS), comorbidities and mortality of SSSS in U.S. children.The Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2008-2012 was analysed, including a 20% sample of U.S. hospitalizations and 589 cases of SSSS.The mean annual incidence of SSSS was 7·67 (range 1·83-11·88) per million U.S. children, with 45·1 cases per million U.S. infants age < 2 years. In multivariable logistic regression models, SSSS was significantly associated with the following (shown as adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval): female sex (1·12, 1·00-1·25), age (2-5 years: 13·31, 11·82-14·99; 6-10 years: 2·93, 2·35-3·66; 11-17 years: 0·44, 0·31-0·63); race/ethnicity (black: 0·69, 0·58-0·84) and season (winter: 2·04, 1·66-2·50; summer: 3·47, 2·86-4·22; autumn: 3·04, 2·49-3·70), with increasing odds over time (2010-2011: 2·28, 2·07-2·51; 2012: 2·98, 2·69-3·30). The geometric mean (95% confidence interval) LOS and cost of hospitalization for patients with vs. without SSSS were 3·2 (3·0-3·4) vs. 2·4 (2·4-2·5) days and $4624·0 ($4250-$5030) vs. $1872 ($1782·7-$1965). Crude inpatient mortality rates (with 95% confidence intervals) were similar for children with vs. without SSSS (0·33%, 0·00-0·79% vs. 0·36%, 0·34-0·39%). SSSS was associated with other infections, including in the upper respiratory tract and skin.The prevalence of SSSS appears to be increasing over time, and was associated with a number of sociodemographic factors and other infections. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and reduce rising rates of SSSS.
TCT-662 Usefulness of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte as a biomarker to predict adverse events in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction submitted to primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Guilherme Pinheiro Machado, Gustavo Neves de Araújo, Felipe Homem Valle, Mateus Lech, Stéfani Mariani, Christian Carpes, Felipe Marques, Luiz Carlos Bergoli, Sandro Cadaval Gonçalves, Fernando Pivatto Júnior, Ana Maria Krepsky, Rodrigo Wainstein, Marco Wainstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related disorders: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition
Authors: Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Shuchi Anand, David Watkins, Thomas Gaziano, Yangfeng Wu, Jean Claude Mbanya, Rachel Nugent, Vamadevan S Ajay, Ashkan Afshin, Alma Adler, Mohammed K Ali, Eric Bateman, Janet Bettger, Robert O Bonow, Elizabeth Brouwer, Gene Bukhman, Fiona Bull, Peter Burney, Simon Capewell, Juliana Chan, Eeshwar K Chandrasekar, Jie Chen, Michael H Criqui, John Dirks, Sagar B Dugani, Michael Engelgau, Meguid El Nahas, Caroline HD Fall, Valery Feigin, F Gerald R Fowkes, Amanda Glassman, Shifalika Goenka, Rajeev Gupta, Babar Hasan, Fred Hersch, Frank Hu, Mark D Huffman, Samer Jabbour, Deborah Jarvis, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Rohina Joshi, Jemima H Kamano, Andre Pascal Kengne, Preeti Kudesia, R Krishna Kumar, Kalyanaraman Kumaran, Estelle V Lambert, Edward S Lee, Chaoyun Li, Rong Luo, Matthew Magee, Vasanti S Malik, J Antonio Marin-Neto, Guy Marks, Bongani Mayosi, Helen McGuire, Renata Micha, J Jaime Miranda, Pablo Aschner Montoya, Andrew E Moran, Dariush Mozaffarian, Saraladevi Naicker, Nadraj G Naidoo, KM Venkat Narayan, Irina Nikolic, Martin O'Donnell, Churchill Onen, Clive Osmond, Anushka Patel, Rogelio Perez-Padilla, Neil Poulter, Michael Pratt, Miriam Rabkin, Vikram Rajan, Anis Rassi, Anis Rassi, Ishita Rawal, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Miguel Riella, Greg A Roth, Ambuj Roy, Adolfo Rubinstein, Yuna Sakuma, Uchechukwu KA Sampson, Karen R Siegel, Karen Sliwa, Marc Suhrcke, Nikhil Tandon, Bernadette Thomas, Claudia Vaca, Rajesh Vedanthan, Stéphane Verguet, Michael Webb, Mary Beth Weber, Laurie Whitsel, Gary Wong, Lijing L Yan, Clyde W Yancy, Ping Zhang, Dong Zhao, Yishan Zhu
Journal: The Lancet (2017)
Associations of Electronic Cigarette Nicotine Concentration With Subsequent Cigarette Smoking and Vaping Levels in Adolescents
Authors: Nicholas I. Goldenson, Adam M. Leventhal, Matthew D. Stone, Rob S. McConnell, Jessica L. Barrington-Trimis
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2017)

Research indicates that electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use (vaping) among adolescents is associated with the initiation and progression of combustible cigarette smoking. The reasons for this association are unknown.To evaluate whether use of e-cigarettes with higher nicotine concentrations is associated with subsequent increases in the frequency and intensity of combustible cigarette smoking and vaping.In this prospective cohort study involving students from 10 high schools in the Los Angeles, California, metropolitan area, surveys were administered during 10th grade in the spring (baseline) and 11th grade in the fall (6-month follow-up) of 2015 to students who reported using e-cigarettes within the past 30 days and the nicotine concentration level they used at baseline.Self-report of baseline e-cigarette nicotine concentration of none (0 mg/mL), low (1-5 mg/mL), medium (6-17 mg/mL), or high (≥18 mg/mL) typically used during the past 30 days.Frequency of combustible cigarette smoking and e-cigarette use within the past 30 days (0 days [none], 1-2 days [infrequent], or ≥3 days [frequent]) and daily intensity of smoking and vaping (number of cigarettes smoked per day, number of vaping episodes per day, and number of puffs per vaping episode) at the 6-month follow-up.The analytic sample included 181 students (96 boys [53.0%] and 85 girls [47.0%]; mean [SD] age, 16.1 [0.4] years). Each successive increase in nicotine concentration (none to low, low to medium, and medium to high) vaped was associated with a 2.26 (95% CI, 1.28-3.98) increase in the odds of frequent (vs no) smoking and a 1.65 (95% CI, 1.09-2.51) increase in the odds of frequent (vs no) vaping at follow-up after adjustment for baseline frequency of smoking and vaping and other relevant covariates. Use of e-cigarettes with high (vs no) nicotine concentration was associated with a greater number of cigarettes smoked per day at follow-up (adjusted rate ratio [RR], 7.03; 95% CI, 6.11-7.95). An association with a significantly greater number of vaping episodes per day was found with use of low (adjusted RR, 3.32; 95% CI, 2.61-4.03), medium (adjusted RR, 3.32; 95% CI, 2.54-4.10), and high (adjusted RR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.63-3.24) nicotine concentrations (vs no nicotine) at baseline. Similar results were found for the number of puffs per vaping episode for low (adjusted RR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.41-2.70), medium (adjusted RR, 3.39; 95% CI, 2.66-4.11), and high (adjusted RR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.42-3.03) nicotine concentrations.The results of this study provide preliminary evidence that use of e-cigarettes with higher nicotine concentrations by youths may increase subsequent frequency and intensity of smoking and vaping.
CD8+CD28−CD127loCD39+ regulatory T-cell expansion: A new possible pathogenic mechanism for HIV infection?
Authors: Daniela Fenoglio, Chiara Dentone, Alessio Signori, Antonio Di Biagio, Alessia Parodi, Francesca Kalli, Giorgia Nasi, Monica Curto, Giovanni Cenderello, Pasqualina De Leo, Valentina Bartolacci, Giancarlo Orofino, Laura Ambra Nicolini, Lucia Taramasso, Edoardo Fiorillo, Valeria Orrù, Paolo Traverso, Bianca Bruzzone, Federico Ivaldi, Eugenio Mantia, Michele Guerra, Simone Negrini, Mauro Giacomini, Sanjay Bhagani, Gilberto Filaci
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2017)

BackgroundHIV-associated immunodeficiency is related to loss of CD4+ T cells. This mechanism does not explain certain manifestations of HIV disease, such as immunodeficiency events in patients with greater than 500 CD4+ T cells/μL. CD8+CD28−CD127loCD39+ T cells are regulatory T (Treg) lymphocytes that are highly concentrated within the tumor microenvironment and never analyzed in the circulation of HIV-infected patients.ObjectivesWe sought to analyze the frequency of CD8+CD28−CD127loCD39+ Treg cells in the circulation of HIV-infected patients.MethodsThe frequency of circulating CD8+CD28−CD127loCD39+ Treg cells was analyzed and correlated with viral load and CD4+ T-cell counts/percentages in 93 HIV-1–infected patients subdivided as follows: naive (n = 63), elite controllers (n = 19), long-term nonprogressors (n = 7), and HIV-infected patients affected by tumor (n = 4). The same analyses were performed in HIV-negative patients with cancer (n = 53), hepatitis C virus–infected patients (n = 17), and healthy donors (n = 173).ResultsHIV-infected patients had increased circulating levels of functional CD8+CD28−CD127loCD39+ Treg cells. These cells showed antigen specificity against HIV proteins. Their frequency after antiretroviral therapy (ART) correlated with HIV viremia, CD4+ T-cell counts, and immune activation markers, suggesting their pathogenic involvement in AIDS- or non–AIDS-related complications. Their increase after initiation of ART heralded a lack of virologic or clinical response, and hence their monitoring is clinically relevant.ConclusionHIV infection induces remarkable expansion of CD8+CD28−CD127loCD39+ Treg cells, the frequency of which correlates with both clinical disease and signs of chronic immune cell activation. Monitoring their frequency in the circulation is a new marker of response to ART when effects on viremia and clinical response are not met.Graphical abstract
Effect of tumor growth rate (TGR) on response patterns of checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Authors: Jihene Lahmar, Francesco Facchinetti, Serge Koscielny, Charles Ferte, Laura Mezquita, Maria Virginia Bluthgen, Colin R Lindsay, Julien Adam, David Planchard, Jean-Charles Soria, Benjamin Besse, Caroline Caramella
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2016)

9034 Background: Systemic treatment benefit in cancer is usually evaluated using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). TGR integrates the time intervals between CT-scan allowing a quantitative assessment of the dynamics and kinetics of the tumor. In NSCLC patients treated with immune checkpoints inhibitors (IC), TGR variations after the introduction of IC, and its association with outcome, remain unknown. We compared the accuracy of TGR and RECIST to assess the benefit of IC in advanced NSCLC patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective case note and radiological review of all NSCLC patients treated by IC in our center between February 2013 and October 2015. Tumor response was assessed every 6-8 weeks according to RECIST 1.1 and irRC. The TGR was computed for the pre IC period (reference) and during the IC period (treatment). TGR was classified as < 0 if TGR during IC was inferior to TGR before IC. We studied the relationship between the TGR of the 2 periods, TGR variations, RECIST tumor response and how these outcomes correlated with PFS and OS. Results: Fifty eight patients had appropriate data for further analysis. Median age was 64 years, 58% were male, 79% ex/current smokers, 51% had adenocarcinoma and 40% squamous cell carcinoma. Median follow-up was 8 months. Average reference TGR was not different according to age, sex, histology, stage and was not related to OS. Treatment TGR was significantly related to OS (p < 10-4). None of 15 patients with a treatment TGR < 0 died during the first 12 months of follow-up, while 31/43 patients with a treatment TGR ≥ 0 died during this period (Logrank test p-value < 0.0001). Prediction of survival was significantly better with TGR than RECIST: among the 21 patients classified as stable disease according to RECIST, treatment TGR < 0 was significantly associated with better survival (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Exploring TGR in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with IC provides clinically relevant information and an improved characterization of drug activity than that offered by RECIST alone. Analysis will be extended to 115 patients at final presentation.
Association of Quality Improvement Registry Participation With Appropriate Follow-up After Vascular Procedures
Authors: Benjamin S. Brooke, Adam W. Beck, Larry W. Kraiss, Andrew W. Hoel, Andrea M. Austin, Amir A. Ghaffarian, Jack L. Cronenwett, Philip P. Goodney
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2017)

<h3>Importance</h3> Ensuring that patients undergo surveillance imaging after surgery is a key quality metric after many vascular procedures. It is unclear whether hospital participation in a national quality improvement registry such as the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) achieves this goal. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine if hospital participation in the VQI registry is associated with increased rates of surveillance imaging after vascular procedures. <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A quasi-experimental study used Medicare claims to study 2174 US hospitals in which 1 530 102 patients had undergone an endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR), 1 403 067 patients had undergone a lower extremity bypass (LEB) or peripheral vascular intervention (PVI), and 294 942 patients had undergone carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) procedures between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2012. For each hospital, VQI participation was assessed, and a difference-in-differences analysis was used to measure the change in follow-up surveillance for VQI hospitals compared with control (non-VQI) hospitals selected after propensity score matching. The data were analyzed between January and August of 2016. <h3>Main Outcomes and Measures</h3> The proportion of patients who had imaging-based follow-up (computed tomography, duplex ultrasonography, or ankle-brachial index) within 1 year after their vascular procedure. <h3>Results</h3> A total of 1 830 928 patients (947 139 women and 883 789 men; mean [SD] age, 75.8 [7.1] years) were identified across 2174 hospitals. Of 3 228 111 total vascular procedures, 1 403 067 patients (43.5%) underwent LEB or PVI, 1 530 102 patients (47.4%) underwent EVAR, and 294 942 patients (9.1%) underwent CEA or CAS. During the 6-year period, follow-up imaging rates varied between 50% and 53% after EVAR, between 52% and 58% after LEB or PVI, and between 74% and 78% after CEA or CAS. A total of 68 VQI participating hospitals were propensity-matched to 68 hospitals, and 279 446 patients were studied across these 136 hospitals. In difference-in-differences analyses, there was no significant improvement in follow-up imaging after joining VQI during year 1 (relative risk, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.97-1.01), year 2 (relative risk, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95-1.01), or year 3 (relative risk, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.96-1.03). This association was consistent for patients undergoing EVAR, LEB or PVI, and CEA or CAS procedures. <h3>Conclusions and Relevance</h3> Hospital participation in the VQI registry by itself does not increase rates of surveillance imaging after vascular procedures, suggesting that other strategies are needed to achieve this quality metric.