tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Complementary Features of Attention Bias Modification Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Pediatric Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Lauren K. White, Stefanie Sequeira, Jennifer C. Britton, Melissa A. Brotman, Andrea L. Gold, Erin Berman, Kenneth Towbin, Rany Abend, Nathan A. Fox, Yair Bar-Haim, Ellen Leibenluft, Daniel S. Pine
Journal: American Journal of Psychiatry (2017)

Objective: In the treatment of anxiety disorders, attention bias modification therapy (ABMT) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) may have complementary effects by targeting different aspects of perturbed threat responses and behaviors. ABMT may target rapid, implicit threat reactions, whereas CBT may target slowly deployed threat responses. The authors used amygdala-based connectivity during a threat-attention task and a randomized controlled trial design to evaluate potential complementary features of these treatments in pediatric anxiety disorders. Method: Prior to treatment, youths (8–17 years old) with anxiety disorders (N=54), as well as healthy comparison youths (N=51), performed a threat-attention task during functional MRI acquisition. Task-related amygdala-based functional connectivity was assessed. Patients with and without imaging data (N=85) were then randomly assigned to receive CBT paired with either active or placebo ABMT. Clinical response was evaluated, and pretreatment amygdala-based connectivity profiles were compared among patients with varying levels of clinical response. Results: Compared with the CBT plus placebo ABMT group, the CBT plus active ABMT group exhibited less severe anxiety after treatment. The patient and healthy comparison groups differed in amygdala-insula connectivity during the threat-attention task. Patients whose connectivity profiles were most different from those of the healthy comparison group exhibited the poorest response to treatment, particularly those who received CBT plus placebo ABMT. Conclusions: The study provides evidence of enhanced clinical effects for patients receiving active ABMT. Moreover, ABMT appears to be most effective for patients with abnormal amygdala-insula connectivity. ABMT may target specific threat processes associated with dysfunctional amygdala-insula connectivity that are not targeted by CBT alone. This may explain the observation of enhanced clinical response to CBT plus active ABMT.
Muramyl Dipeptide-Based Postbiotics Mitigate Obesity-Induced Insulin Resistance via IRF4
Authors: Joseph F. Cavallari, Morgan D. Fullerton, Brittany M. Duggan, Kevin P. Foley, Emmanuel Denou, Brennan K. Smith, Eric M. Desjardins, Brandyn D. Henriksbo, Kalvin J. Kim, Brian R. Tuinema, Jennifer C. Stearns, David Prescott, Philip Rosenstiel, Brian K. Coombes, Gregory R. Steinberg, Jonathan D. Schertzer
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2017)
High follicular phase Luteinizing Hormone levels in young healthy BRCA1 mutation carriers: implications for breast and ovarian cancer risk
Authors: Helena C. Jernstrom, Ake Borg, Hakan Olsson
Journal: Cancer Research (2005)

3207  Introduction: BRCA1/2 mutation carriers have up to 80 % lifetime risk of developing breast cancer and 20 to 40% risk of developing ovarian cancer. The risk factors for breast and ovarian cancer pertaining to the general population may not always apply to BRCA1 mutation carriers. For example, BRCA1 mutation carriers are especially sensitive to oral contraceptive (OC) use and pregnancy with respect to early-onset breast cancer, and the protective effect from OC use on ovarian cancer is unclear. High LH levels have been linked to increased risks of both breast and ovarian cancers and it is unknown whether gonadotropin levels are associated with BRCA1 mutation status. Methods: The aim of the study was to explore whether gonadotropin levels were associated with BRCA1 mutation status among healthy 18 to 40 year-old women from hereditary breast cancer families. All women completed a questionnaire including information on reproductive factors and OC use. We measured height, weight, breast volumes and plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) levels once during menstrual cycle days 5 to 10 and once again during cycle days 18 to 23 in 41 non-carriers from BRCA1 families, 20 BRCA1 mutation carriers and 102 women from non-BRCA1/2 families. Results: The strongest predictors of high LH levels among BRCA1 mutation carriers and non-carriers during cycle days 5 to 10 were being a BRCA1 mutation carrier (p = 0.003), lack of current OC use (p = 0.003), and being nulliparous (p = 0.01), adjusted for age and menstrual cycle day when the samples were obtained. This association was seen both in non-OC users and current OC users but was only significant in the former group. FSH and E2 were similar in non-carriers, BRCA1 mutation carriers and women from non-BRCA1/2 families. Conclusion: We found significantly elevated LH levels in the follicular phase among young healthy BRCA1 mutation carriers compared with non-carriers from BRCA1 families. This is a small study and confirmatory studies are warranted to establish whether elevated LH levels are part of the BRCA1 phenotype and may be manipulated in order to reduce cancer risks in BRCA1 mutation carriers.
Suppression of B-cell development genes is key to glucocorticoid efficacy in treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Karina A. Kruth, Mimi Fang, Dawne N. Shelton, Ossama Abu-Halawa, Ryan Mahling, Hongxing Yang, Jonathan S. Weissman, Mignon L. Loh, Markus Müschen, Sarah K. Tasian, Michael C. Bassik, Martin Kampmann, Miles A. Pufall
Journal: Blood (2017)
Treatment of Early-Stage Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Ariel Polish, Mary F. Mulcahy
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2013)

Although T2,N0,M0 esophageal adenocarcinoma is grouped with other locoregional disease by NCCN, no consensus exists about how it should be treated. One of the inherent complexities of treating T2,N0,M0 esophageal adenocarcinoma is the inaccuracy of the clinical staging. In addition, conflicting evidence exists about whether neoadjuvant therapy adds any benefit to esophagectomy. A 52-year-old patient recently seen at the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center illustrates the complexity of these issues.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Survivorship Care Plans Among Low-Income, Predominantly Latina Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Rose C. Maly, Li-Jung Liang, Yihang Liu, Jennifer J. Griggs, Patricia A. Ganz
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of treatment summaries and survivorship care plans coupled with a nurse counseling session, primarily on physician implementation of and secondarily on patient adherence to recommended survivorship care, among a low-income population of breast cancer survivors (survivors). Methods We recruited 212 low-income, predominantly Latina (72.6%) survivors with stage 0 to III breast cancer, with an average age of 53 years, from two Los Angeles County public hospitals into an RCT of a survivorship care nurse counseling session coupled with the provision of individualized treatment summaries and survivorship care plans to patients and their health care providers from December 2012 to July 2014. One hundred seven survivors received the experimental intervention, and 105 survivors received usual care. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to assess intervention effects on physician implementation of and patient adherence to recommended survivorship care. Scales that served as covariables were Knowledge of Survivorship Issues, Perceived Efficacy in Patient-Physician Interactions, and Satisfaction With Care and Information. Results Survivors in the intervention group reported greater physician implementation of recommended breast cancer survivorship care, for example, treatment of depression or hot flashes, than did those in the control group (adjusted difference, 16 ± 5.3; P = .003). Baseline Satisfaction With Care and Information was positively associated with physician implementation (coefficient, 5.2 ± 2.2; P = .02). Being married/partnered (-11.8 ± 4.0; P = .004) and age (-0.5 ± 0.2; P = .028) were negatively associated with patient adherence. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first RCT of survivorship care plans to show benefits in clinical outcomes, in this case, showing increased physician implementation of recommended breast cancer survivorship care in the intervention group, compared with the control group.
Investigations for tuberculosis contacts: what are the real issues of all the efforts?
Authors: Jean-Pierre Zellweger
Journal: Thorax (2017)

In Thorax , Cavany et al 1 present the results of an analysis of contact tracing for TB conducted in London between 2012 and 2015, using cohort review data from the London TB Register, and try to identify some characteristics associated with indicators and yield. The study concludes that contacts of cases with smear-positive pulmonary TB are identified with active disease in a much higher proportion than contacts of non-pulmonary cases (4.1% vs 0.7%), that the identification of contacts is less frequent among men and former prisoners than among women and persons who were never imprisoned and that the identification of contacts is more likely if the contacts are examined at the same clinic as the index case. Furthermore, 10% of evaluated children contacts have been identified with latent TB infection.

TB is a transmissible disease, with a slow and unpredictable evolution, from transient …
TSLP-activated dendritic cells induce human T follicular helper cell differentiation through OX40-ligand
Authors: Lucia Pattarini, Coline Trichot, Sofia Bogiatzi, Maximilien Grandclaudon, Stephan Meller, Zela Keuylian, Melanie Durand, Elisabetta Volpe, Stefania Madonna, Andrea Cavani, Andrea Chiricozzi, Marco Romanelli, Toshiyuki Hori, Alain Hovnanian, Bernhard Homey, Vassili Soumelis
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2017)

T follicular helper cells (Tfh) are important regulators of humoral responses. Human Tfh polarization pathways have been thus far associated with Th1 and Th17 polarization pathways. How human Tfh cells differentiate in Th2-skewed environments is unknown. We show that thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)-activated dendritic cells (DCs) promote human Tfh differentiation from naive CD4 T cells. We identified a novel population, distinct from Th2 cells, expressing IL-21 and TNF, suggestive of inflammatory cells. TSLP-induced T cells expressed CXCR5, CXCL13, ICOS, PD1, BCL6, BTLA, and SAP, among other Tfh markers. Functionally, TSLP-DC-polarized T cells induced IgE secretion by memory B cells, and this depended on IL-4Rα. TSLP-activated DCs stimulated circulating memory Tfh cells to produce IL-21 and CXCL13. Mechanistically, TSLP-induced Tfh differentiation depended on OX40-ligand, but not on ICOS-ligand. Our results delineate a pathway of human Tfh differentiation in Th2 environments.
Book: Consciousness
Authors: S. A Spence
Journal: BMJ (2002)

Rita Carter Weidenfeld & Nicolson, £20, pp 320 ISBN 0 304 35600 X Rating:![Graphic][1]</img>![Graphic][2]</img> If this book were a movie it would be a Hollywood blockbuster. It has fantastic production values, glossy pages, wide margins, some truly beautiful images, and a narrative approach to factual interpretation. It even features cameo appearances from leading contemporary theoreticians; their comments, comprising often-tinted pages, parachuted into the text at opportune moments. Carter, a journalist, has amassed an impressive array of scientific detail, mainly describing the neuroanatomical basis of conscious awareness. … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Arkansas execution proceeds as pharma companies lose battle to stop use of their drugs
Authors: Owen Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Arkansas has carried out its first execution in 12 years after drug companies failed to persuade the courts to stop their drugs being used by state authorities, who they said obtained them dishonestly.

Of the eight men whom Arkansas planned to execute in an 11 day period, Ledell Lee, 51, was the first to die. The state’s governor said that the compressed timetable was made necessary by the looming expiry of its only stock of midazolam at the end of April.

Lee was injected with a combination of midazolam, vecuronium bromide, and potassium chloride. The injections began at 11.56 pm on 20 April, just four minutes before his execution warrant expired.

His death caps a week of competing legal filings and rulings in which some of the inmates saw their executions stayed and reinstated up to three times. Many of the court filings involved individual aspects of the inmates’ cases, and so far four prisoners have been successful in winning stays. These four can no …
Use of Canagliflozin in Kidney Transplant Recipients for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: A Case Series
Authors: Harindra Rajasekeran, S. Joseph Kim, Carl J. Cardella, Jeffrey Schiff, Mark Cattral, David Z.I. Cherney, Sunita K.S. Singh
Journal: Diabetes Care (2017)

Diabetes is highly prevalent in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant recipients (SPKTR) are also at risk for developing type 2 diabetes following transplantation, when insulin secretion may be insufficient to maintain normoglycemia. Transplant-specific risk factors associated with the development of type 2 diabetes include the use of diabetogenic immunosuppressive medications, hypomagnesemia, and posttransplant weight gain (1).

In nontransplant populations with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular (CV) disease, the use of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) can improve glycemic control, promote weight loss, and reduce the risk of CV events (2). Given the increased incidence of posttransplant diabetes and the high CV burden in transplant recipients, the use of SGLT2i in this population is attractive. Of concern, however, is the lack of safety data regarding SGLT2i in transplant recipients. The purpose of this study is to describe our short-term experience of KTR and SPKTR treated with canagliflozin at our institutions.

All adult KTR or SPKTR …
Carfilzomib–lenalidomide–dexamethasone vs lenalidomide–dexamethasone in relapsed multiple myeloma by previous treatment
Authors: M A Dimopoulos, A K Stewart, T Masszi, I Špička, A Oriol, R Hájek, L Rosiñol, D Siegel, G G Mihaylov, V Goranova-Marinova, P Rajnics, A Suvorov, R Niesvizky, A Jakubowiak, J San-Miguel, H Ludwig, S Ro, S Aggarwal, P Moreau, A Palumbo
Journal: Blood Cancer Journal (2017)

Abstract Carfilzomib, a proteasome inhibitor, is approved as monotherapy and in combination with dexamethasone or lenalidomide–dexamethasone (Rd) for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. The approval of carfilzomib–lenalidomide–dexamethasone (KRd) was based on results from the randomized, phase 3 study ASPIRE (NCT01080391), which showed KRd significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) vs Rd (median 26.3 vs 17.6 months; hazard ratio (HR)=0.690; P =0.0001). This subgroup analysis of ASPIRE evaluated KRd vs Rd by number of previous lines of therapy and previous exposure to bortezomib, thalidomide or lenalidomide. Treatment with KRd led to a 12-month improvement in median PFS vs Rd after first relapse (HR 0.713) and a 9-month improvement after ⩾2 previous lines of therapy (HR 0.720). Treatment with KRd led to an approximate 8-month improvement vs Rd in median PFS in bortezomib-exposed patients (HR 0.699), a 15-month improvement in thalidomide-exposed patients (HR 0.587) and a 5-month improvement in lenalidomide-exposed patients (HR 0.796). Objective response and complete response or better rates were higher with KRd vs Rd, irrespective of previous treatment. KRd had a favorable benefit–risk profile and should be considered an appropriate treatment option for patients with 1 or ⩾2 previous lines of therapy and those previously exposed to bortezomib, thalidomide or lenalidomide.
Global Protease Activity Profiling Provides Differential Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cysts
Authors: Sam L. Ivry, Jeremy M. Sharib, Dana A. Dominguez, Nilotpal Roy, Stacy E. Hatcher, Michele T. Yip-Schneider, C. Max Schmidt, Randall E. Brand, Walter G. Park, Matthias Hebrok, Grace E. Kim, Anthony J. O'Donoghue, Kimberly S. Kirkwood, Charles S. Craik
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2017)

Pancreatic cysts are estimated to be present in 2%-3% of the adult population. Unfortunately, current diagnostics do not accurately distinguish benign cysts from those that can progress into invasive cancer. Misregulated pericellular proteolysis is a hallmark of malignancy, and therefore, we used a global approach to discover protease activities that differentiate benign nonmucinous cysts from premalignant mucinous cysts.
Adoptive Transfer of CMV- and EBV- Specific Peptide-Stimulated T Cells after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: First Results of a Phase I/IIa Clinical Trial [Multivir-01]
Authors: Regina Gary, Michael Aigner, Andreas Moosmann, Julia Ritter, Volkhard Seitz, Stephanie Moi, Stefanie Schaffer, Heidi Balzer, Stefanie Maas, Julian Strobel, Robert Zimmermann, Juergen Zingsem, Anita Kremer, Steffen Hennig, Michael Hummel, Andreas Mackensen, Armin Gerbitz
Journal: Blood (2016)
Proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors: Shaping the future after the further cardiovascular outcomes research with PCSK9 inhibition in subjects with elevated risk (FOURIER) trial
Authors: Niki Katsiki, Vasilios G. Athyros, Dimitri P. Mikhailidis, Christos Mantzoros
Journal: Metabolism (2017)
Demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics in patients with invasive breast cancer receiving metformin.
Authors: Sercan Aksoy, Mehmet Ali Nahit Sendur, Kadri Altundag
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e11593 Background: There was contradictory data with metformin use on breast cancer risk, but there is growing evidence that the use of metformin in diabetic patients was associated with lower risks of breast cancer mortality and incidence. The effect of metformin on clinical and pathological properties of breast cancer was not known exactly, we aimed to investigate the demographic and clinico-pathological characteristics of patients with metformin users at the time of breast cancer diagnosis. Methods: Patients with breast cancer diagnosed from 2000 to 2012 in our clinic were retrospectively analyzed. Patient’s demographics, including survival data and tumor characteristics were obtained from medical charts. Breast cancer patients who were taking metformin at the time of breast cancer diagnosis were enrolled as metformin users (n=148), where the patients matched with the same age who were not taking metformin were included as a control group (n=636). Results: A total of 784 patients were included in this study. Median age of both metformin users and nonusers was 57 (23-87). There were no significant differences in baseline tumor size (P=0.60), tumor stage (P=0.76) node positivity (P=0.13) between the two groups. Metformin user patients compared to nonusers had significantly lower incidence of histological grade III tumor (P=0.03). A similar significant trend for lower incidence of triple-negative (P=0.01) and higher incidence ER positivity (P=0.008), PR positivity (P=0.01) was also seen in metformin users. In survival analysis the estimated median disease free survival (DFS) was 118 months in metformin users whereas 69 months in nonusers (P=0.09). Median overall survival (OS) could not be obtained due to low events. In patients with metformin users OS rate was 98.4%, 97.1%, and 93.8% and in nonusers was 99.6%, 94.4% and 90.5% the first, third, and fifth years, respectively. Conclusions: The use of metformin at the time of breast cancer diagnosis was associated with better clinico-pathological properties and non-significantly improved disease free survival in patients with breast cancer.
TCTAP C-026 ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction with Ambiguous Angiographic Findings When Coronary Computed Tomography Provides New Insights
Authors: Giuliana Capretti, Luca Ferri, Massimo Slavich, Manuela Giglio, Luciano Candilio, Alberto Margonato, Antonio Colombo, Alaide Chieffo
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Blood donor screening for West Nile virus (WNV) revealed acute Usutu virus (USUV) infection, Germany, September 2016
Authors: Daniel Cadar, Philipp Maier, Susanne Müller, Julia Kress, Michael Chudy, Alexandra Bialonski, Alexander Schlaphof, Stephanie Jansen, Hanna Jöst, Egbert Tannich, Stefan Runkel, Walter E Hitzler, Gabriele Hutschenreuter, Martina Wessiepe, Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2017)

Between 1 June and 31 December 2016, 13,023 blood donations from the University Hospital Aachen in Germany were routinely screened for West Nile virus (WNV) RNA using the cobas TaqScreen WNV Test. On 28 September 2016, one blood donor was tested positive. Subsequent analysis revealed an acute Usutu virus (USUV) infection. During the ongoing USUV epizootics in Germany, blood transfusion services, public health authorities and clinicians should be aware of increased human USUV infections.
Erratum: Corrigendum: Loss-of-function mutations of an inhibitory upstream ORF in the human hairless transcript cause Marie Unna hereditary hypotrichosis
Authors: Yaran Wen, Yang Liu, Yiming Xu, Yiwei Zhao, Rui Hua, Kaibo Wang, Miao Sun, Yuanhong Li, Sen Yang, Xue-Jun Zhang, Roland Kruse, Sven Cichon, Regina C Betz, Markus M Nöthen, Maurice A M van Steensel, Michel van Geel, Peter M Steijlen, Daniel Hohl, Marcel Huber, Giles S Dunnill, Cameron Kennedy, Andrew Messenger, Colin S Munro, Alessandro Terrinoni, Alain Hovnanian, Christine Bodemer, Yves de Prost, Amy S Paller, Alan D Irvine, Rod Sinclair, Jack Green, Dandan Shang, Qing Liu, Yang Luo, Li Jiang, Hong-Duo Chen, Wilson H-Y Lo, W H Irwin McLean, Chun-Di He, Xue Zhang
Journal: Nature Genetics (2009)
Prediction and validation of the duration of hemodialysis sessions for the treatment of acute ethylene glycol poisoning
Authors: Ioan-Andrei Iliuta, Philippe Lachance, Marc Ghannoum, Yannick Bégin, Fabrice Mac-Way, Simon Desmeules, Sacha A. De Serres, Anne-Sophie Julien, Pierre Douville, Mohsen Agharazii
Journal: Kidney International (2017)
Can histologic transformation of follicular lymphoma be predicted and prevented?
Authors: Robert Kridel, Laurie H. Sehn, Randy D. Gascoyne
Journal: Blood (2017)

Transformation to aggressive lymphoma is a critical event in the clinical course of follicular lymphoma (FL) patients. Yet, it is a challenge to reliably predict transformation at the time of diagnosis. Understanding the risk of transformation would be useful for guiding and monitoring patients, as well as for evaluating novel treatment strategies that could potentially prevent transformation. Herein, we review the contribution of clinical, pathological, and genetic risk factors to transformation. Patients with multiple clinical high-risk factors are at elevated risk of transformation but we are currently lacking a prognostic index that would specifically address transformation rather than disease progression or overall survival. From the biological standpoint, multiple studies have correlated individual biomarkers with transformation. However, accurate prediction of this event is currently hampered by our limited knowledge of the evolutionary pathways leading to transformation, as well as the scarcity of comprehensive, large-scale studies that assess both the genomic landscape of alterations within tumor cells and the composition of the microenvironment. Liquid biopsies hold great promise for achieving precision medicine. Indeed, mutations detected within circulating tumor DNA may be a better reflection of the inherent intratumoral heterogeneity than the biopsy of a single site. Last, we will assess whether evidence exists in the literature that transformation might be prevented altogether, based on the choice of therapy for FL.