tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Pivotal trial of an autonomous AI-based diagnostic system for detection of diabetic retinopathy in primary care offices
Authors: Michael D. Abràmoff, Philip T. Lavin, Michele Birch, Nilay Shah, James C. Folk
Journal: npj Digital Medicine (2018)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has long promised to increase healthcare affordability, quality and accessibility but FDA, until recently, had never authorized an autonomous AI diagnostic system. This pivotal trial of an AI system to detect diabetic retinopathy (DR) in people with diabetes enrolled 900 subjects, with no history of DR at primary care clinics, by comparing to Wisconsin Fundus Photograph Reading Center (FPRC) widefield stereoscopic photography and macular Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), by FPRC certified photographers, and FPRC grading of Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Severity Scale (ETDRS) and Diabetic Macular Edema (DME). More than mild DR (mtmDR) was defined as ETDRS level 35 or higher, and/or DME, in at least one eye. AI system operators underwent a standardized training protocol before study start. Median age was 59 years (range, 22-84 years); among participants, 47.5% of participants were male; 16.1% were Hispanic, 83.3% not Hispanic; 28.6% African American and 63.4% were not; 198 (23.8%) had mtmDR. The AI system exceeded all pre-specified superiority endpoints at sensitivity of 87.2% (95% CI, 81.8-91.2%) (>85%), specificity of 90.7% (95% CI, 88.3-92.7%) (>82.5%), and imageability rate of 96.1% (95% CI, 94.6-97.3%), demonstrating AI's ability to bring specialty-level diagnostics to primary care settings. Based on these results, FDA authorized the system for use by health care providers to detect more than mild DR and diabetic macular edema, making it, the first FDA authorized autonomous AI diagnostic system in any field of medicine, with the potential to help prevent vision loss in thousands of people with diabetes annually. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02963441.
Abstract 19456: Early and Long-Term Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery Following Iatrogenic Coronary Artery Injury During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Alexander Verevkin, Piroze Davierwala, Norman Mangner, Konstantin von Aspern, Farhad Bakhtiary, Martin Misfeld, Friedrich W Mohr
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: Iatrogenic coronary artery injuries result in life-threatening complications such as coronary artery dissection and/or perforation, stent dislocation causing coronary artery occlusion, and retrograde coronary dissection precipitating Type A aortic dissection (TAAD). Complications not amenable to or unsuccessfully treated with by non-surgical interventions necessitate emergent surgical management. Objectives: To evaluate the early and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing surgical treatment following iatrogenic complications during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Methods and Results: A total of 168 consecutive patients underwent surgical treatment of iatrogenic complications following PCI between December 1999 and July 2015 in our institution. Of these, 133 patients underwent PCI in our hospital, whereas 35 patients were transferred from referral centers. Mean age was 68.5±10.2 years and 64.3% were males. The left anterior descending artery was injured in 65 patients (38.7%) and ...
HiGlass: web-based visual exploration and analysis of genome interaction maps
Authors: Peter Kerpedjiev, Nezar Abdennur, Fritz Lekschas, Chuck McCallum, Kasper Dinkla, Hendrik Strobelt, Jacob M. Luber, Scott B. Ouellette, Alaleh Azhir, Nikhil Kumar, Jeewon Hwang, Soohyun Lee, Burak H. Alver, Hanspeter Pfister, Leonid A. Mirny, Peter J. Park, Nils Gehlenborg
Journal: Genome biology (2018)

We present HiGlass, an open source visualization tool built on web technologies that provides a rich interface for rapid, multiplex, and multiscale navigation of 2D genomic maps alongside 1D genomic tracks, allowing users to combine various data types, synchronize multiple visualization modalities, and share fully customizable views with others. We demonstrate its utility in exploring different experimental conditions, comparing the results of analyses, and creating interactive snapshots to share with collaborators and the broader public. HiGlass is accessible online at http://higlass.io and is also available as a containerized application that can be run on any platform.
Cleavage of the leptin receptor by matrix metalloproteinase–2 promotes leptin resistance and obesity in mice
Authors: Rafi Mazor, Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski, Tom Alsaigh, Oded Kleifeld, Erik B. Kistler, Liat Rousso-Noori, Cheng Huang, Joyce B. Li, Inder M. Verma, Geert W. Schmid-Schönbein
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2018)

Matrix metalloproteinase–2 inhibition rescued leptin receptor expression in the hypothalamus and reduced fat accumulation in rodent models of obesity.
Radial versus femoral access and bivalirudin versus unfractionated heparin in invasively managed patients with acute coronary syndrome (MATRIX): final 1-year results of a multicentre, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Marco Valgimigli, Enrico Frigoli, Sergio Leonardi, Pascal Vranckx, Martina Rothenbühler, Matteo Tebaldi, Ferdinando Varbella, Paolo Calabrò, Stefano Garducci, Paolo Rubartelli, Carlo Briguori, Giuseppe Andó, Maurizio Ferrario, Ugo Limbruno, Roberto Garbo, Paolo Sganzerla, Filippo Russo, Marco Nazzaro, Alessandro Lupi, Bernardo Cortese, Arturo Ausiello, Salvatore Ierna, Giovanni Esposito, Giuseppe Ferrante, Andrea Santarelli, Gennaro Sardella, Nicoletta de Cesare, Paolo Tosi, Arnoud van 't Hof, Elmir Omerovic, Salvatore Brugaletta, Stephan Windecker, Dik Heg, Peter Jüni, Gianluca Campo, Lucia Uguccioni, Corrado Tamburino, Patrizia Presbitero, Dennis Zavalloni-Parenti, Fabio Ferrari, Roberto Ceravolo, Fabio Tarantino, Giampaolo Pasquetto, Gavino Casu, Stefano Mameli, Maria Letizia Stochino, Pietro Mazzarotto, Alberto Cremonesi, Francesco Saia, Giovanni Saccone, Fabio Abate, Andrea Picchi, Roberto Violini, Salvatore Colangelo, Giacomo Boccuzzi, Vincenzo Guiducci, Carlo Vigna, Antonio Zingarelli, Andrea Gagnor, Tiziana Zaro, Simone Tresoldi, Pietro Vandoni, Marco Contarini, Armando Liso, Antonio Dellavalle, Salvatore Curello, Fabio Mangiacapra, Rosario Evola, Cataldo Palmieri, Camillo Falcone, Francesco Liistro, Manuela Creaco, Antonio Colombo, Alaide Chieffo, Andrea Perkan, Stefano De Servi, Dionigi Fischetti, Stefano Rigattieri, Alessandro Sciahbasi, Edoardo Pucci, Enrico Romagnoli, Claudio Moretti, Luciano Moretti, Raffaele De Caterina, Marcello Caputo, Marco Zimmarino, Ezio Bramucci, Emilio Di Lorenzo, Maurizio Turturo, Roberto Bonmassari, Carlo Penzo, Bruno Loi, Ciro Mauro, Anna Sonia Petronio, Gabriele Gabrielli, Antonio Micari, Flavia Belloni, Francesco Amico, Marco Comeglio, Claudio Fresco, Isala Klinieken, Nicolas Van Mieghem, Roberto Diletti, Evelyn Regar, Manel Sabaté, Joan Antoni Gómez Hospital, José Francisco Díaz Fernández, Vicente Mainar, Jose Maria de la Torre Hernandez
Journal: The Lancet (2018)
Assessment of the Safety of Discharging Select Patients Directly Home From the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Henry T. Stelfox, Andrea Soo, Daniel J. Niven, Kirsten M. Fiest, Hannah Wunsch, Kathryn M. Rowan, Sean M. Bagshaw
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

The safety of discharging adult patients recovering from critical illness directly home from the intensive care unit (ICU) is unknown.To compare the health care utilization and clinical outcomes for ICU patients discharged directly home from the ICU with those of patients discharged home via the hospital ward.Retrospective population-based cohort study of adult patients admitted to the ICU of 9 medical-surgical hospitals from January 1, 2014, to January 1, 2016, with 1-year follow-up after hospital discharge. All adult ICU patients were discharged home alive from hospital, and the propensity score matched cohort (1:1) was based on patient characteristics, therapies received in the ICU, and hospital characteristics.Patient disposition on discharge from the ICU: directly home vs home via the hospital ward.The primary outcome was readmission to the hospital within 30 days of hospital discharge. The secondary outcomes were emergency department visit within 30 days and death within 1 year.Among the 6732 patients included in the study, 2826 (42%) were female; median age, 56 years (interquartile range, 41-67 years); 922 (14%) were discharged directly home, with significant variation found between hospitals (range, 4.4%-44.0%). Compared with patients discharged home via the hospital ward, patients discharged directly home were younger (median age 47 vs 57 years; P < .001), more likely to be admitted with a diagnosis of overdose, substance withdrawal, seizures, or metabolic coma (32% [295] vs 10% [594]; P < .001), to have a lower severity of acute illness on ICU admission (median APACHE II score 15 vs 18; P < .001), and receive less than 48 hours of invasive mechanical ventilation (42% [389] vs 34% [1984]; P < .001). In the propensity score matched cohort (n = 1632), patients discharged directly home had similar length of ICU stay (median, 3.1 days vs 3.0 days; P = .42) but significantly shorter length of hospital stay (median, 3.3 days vs 9.2 days; P < .001) compared with patients discharged home via the hospital ward. There were no significant differences between patients discharged directly home or home via the hospital ward for readmission to the hospital (10% [n = 81] vs 11% [n = 92]; hazard ratio [HR], 0.88; 95% CI, 0.64-1.20) or emergency department visit (25% [n = 200] vs 26% [n = 212]; HR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.81-1.09) within 30 days of hospital discharge. Four percent of patients in both groups died within 1 year of hospital discharge (n = 31 and n = 34 in the discharged directly home and discharged home via the hospital ward groups, respectively) (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.60-1.35).The discharge of select adult patients directly home from the ICU is common, and it is not associated with increased health care utilization or increased mortality.
A defect of platelet aggregation associated with an abnormal distribution of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complexes within the platelet: the cause of a lifelong bleeding disorder
Authors: R Hardisty, D Pidard, A Cox, T Nokes, C Legrand, C Bouillot, A Pannocchia, E Heilmann, P Hourdille, S Bellucci
Journal: Blood (1992)
Hydroxycarbamide Plus Aspirin Versus Aspirin Alone in Patients With Essential Thrombocythemia Age 40 to 59 Years Without High-Risk Features
Authors: Anna L. Godfrey, Peter J. Campbell, Cathy MacLean, Georgina Buck, Julia Cook, Julie Temple, Bridget S. Wilkins, Keith Wheatley, Jyoti Nangalia, Jacob Grinfeld, Mary Frances McMullin, Cecily Forsyth, Jean-Jacques Kiladjian, Anthony R. Green, Claire N. Harrison
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

Purpose Cytoreductive therapy is beneficial in patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) at high risk of thrombosis. However, its value in those lacking high-risk features remains unknown. This open-label, randomized trial compared hydroxycarbamide plus aspirin with aspirin alone in patients with ET age 40 to 59 years and without high-risk factors or extreme thrombocytosis. Patients and Methods Patients were age 40 to 59 years and lacked a history of ischemia, thrombosis, embolism, hemorrhage, extreme thrombocytosis (platelet count ≥ 1,500 × 10 9 /L), hypertension, or diabetes requiring therapy. In all, 382 patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to hydroxycarbamide plus aspirin or aspirin alone. The composite primary end point was time to arterial or venous thrombosis, serious hemorrhage, or death from vascular causes. Secondary end points were time to first arterial or venous thrombosis, first serious hemorrhage, death, incidence of transformation, and patient-reported quality of life. Results After a median follow-up of 73 months and a total follow-up of 2,373 patient-years, there was no significant difference between the arms in the likelihood of patients reaching the primary end point (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.42 to 2.25; P = 1.0). The incidence of significant vascular events was low, at 0.93 per 100 patient-years (95% CI, 0.61 to 1.41). There were also no differences in overall survival; in the composite end point of transformation to myelofibrosis, acute myeloid leukemia, or myelodysplasia; in adverse events; or in patient-reported quality of life. Conclusion In patients with ET age 40 to 59 years and lacking high-risk factors for thrombosis or extreme thrombocytosis, preemptive addition of hydroxycarbamide to aspirin did not reduce vascular events, myelofibrotic transformation, or leukemic transformation. Patients age 40 to 59 years without other clinical indications for treatment (such as previous thrombosis or hemorrhage) who have a platelet count &lt; 1,500 × 10 9 /L should not receive cytoreductive therapy.
Pressure grows on<i>Lancet</i>to review “flawed” PACE trial
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Over a hundred academics, patient groups, lawyers, and politicians have now signed an open letter to the Lancet calling on the journal to commission an independent reanalysis of the data from the PACE trial—a study into treatment for myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)/chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), which it published the results of in 2011.1

The PACE trial showed that adding cognitive behavioural therapy and graded exercise therapy to usual specialist medical care moderately improved outcomes for people with ME/CFS but that adding adaptive pacing therapy was of no benefit.

The …
Abstract 18790: Therapeutic Efficacy of Cardiosphere-Derived Cells in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mohammad A Aminzadeh, Eleni Tseliou, Baiming Sun, Ke Cheng, Konstantinos Malliaras, Raj R Makkar, Eduardo Marbán
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) produce regenerative effects and improve function in the post-infarct setting. However, it is unclear whether CDCs are beneficial in non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We tested the effects of CDC transplantation in mice with cardiac-specific Gαq overexpression, which leads to intense myocardial oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation. These mice predictably develop progressive cardiac dilation and failure, with accelerated mortality. Methods and Results: A total of 71 mice were investigated in this study. Wild-type syngeneic mouse CDCs (10 5 cells total) or vehicle only were injected intramyocardially at five left ventricular sites in 6-, 8- and 11-week old Gαq mice. Cardiac function deteriorated in vehicle-treated mice over 3 months of follow-up, accompanied by oxidative stress, inflammation and adverse ventricular remodeling. Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes were progressively worsened over 3 months observational period in vehicle-treated mice compared to CDC-treated group (p&lt;0.05). This was associated with upregulation of reactive oxygen species- and nitric oxide-producing enzymes [NAD(P)H oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase], accumulation of proinflammatory oxidant product, 3-Nitrotyrosine, intense infiltration of inflammatory cells [CD68 + macrophages and CD3 + T cells], increased apoptosis and activation of pathologic remodeling pathway, PKC-PKD-CREB. Concomitantly, marked collagen I and III deposition and fibrosis were observed in the vehicle-treated Gαq mouse heart. In contrast, CDCs preserved cardiac function and volumes (p&lt;0.05), and promoted cardiomyocyte cycling (p&lt;0.01) while blunting Gαq-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in the heart. Survival was enhanced by CDCs (p&lt;0.005) in Gαq mice that had been subjected to doxoribicin stress. Conclusions: CDCs reverse fundamental abnormalities in cell signaling, prevent adverse remodeling and improve survival in a mouse model of DCM. These findings motivate testing of CDCs as a potential therapeutic to prevent disease progression in patients with early-stage DCM.
The impact of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression on stage III gastric cancer.
Authors: Hideya Kashihara, Mitsuo Shimada, Kozo Yoshikawa, Jun Higashijima, Takuya Tokunaga, Masaaki Nishi, Chie Takasu, Daichi Ishikawa
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

75 Background: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) downregulates T cell activation and is related to immune tolerance. The aim of this study was to clarify the significance of IDO expression and to analyze the relationships among the expression of IDO, TGF-b, and Foxp3 in gastric cancer (GC). Methods: Sixty patients who underwent curative gastrectomy for stage III gastric cancer were included in this study. The expressions of IDO, TGF-b, and Foxp3 were examined by immunohistochemistry. The patients were divided into two groups: the IDO-positive group (n = 23) and negative group (n = 37). Clinicopathological factors were compared between the two groups. Univariate analysis was used to assess overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in several prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis was used to identify the independent prognostic factors. Results: IDO expression was not positively correlated with any clinicopathological factors. IDO expression was positively correlated with TGF-b expression (p &lt; 0.05) and TGF-b expression was positively correlated with FoxP3 expression (p &lt; 0.05). Overall survival (OS) rates were significantly poorer in the IDO-positive group compared with the IDO-negative group (3-year OS, 78.5% vs. 90%, respectively; p &lt; 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified IDO expression as independent prognostic factors in OS. Disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly poorer in the IDO-positive group compared with the IDO-negative group (3-year DFS, 59.3% vs. 69.3%, respectively; p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: IDO is associated with poor prognosis and immuno-tolerance through Treg in Stage III GC.
Finding Better Ways to Prevent Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Haleema Shakur-Still, Ian Roberts
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death in low-income countries.1 Although moderate bleeding after childbirth is not problematic in most healthy mothers, it can be life-threatening in mothers with clinically significant anemia, and severe bleeding can be rapidly fatal. Prevention of excessive postpartum bleeding is essential. The administration of drugs to contract the uterus (uterotonic agents) immediately after delivery is the cornerstone of strategies to prevent excessive postpartum bleeding.2 The uterine smooth muscle is believed to act as a living ligature that compresses bleeding blood vessels, stemming the flow of blood. Although there are remarkably few high-quality trials . . .
Abstract 17299: Increased Longitudinal Strain of the Left Atrial Appendage Predicts Stroke Outcomes
Authors: Carolyn J Park, Konstantinos N Aronis, Rafael H Llinas, Elisabeth B Marsh, Monica Mukherjee
Journal: Circulation (2017)

Introduction: Left atrial (LA) and left atrial appendage (LAA) anatomical remodeling and functional impairment are related to stroke incidence. The prognostic significance of LA and LAA remodeling ...
Tenecteplase before thrombectomy for ischemic stroke improved reperfusion compared with alteplase
Authors: Lauren M. Mai, Wieslaw Oczkowski
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

Source Citation Campbell BCV, Mitchell PJ, Churilov L, et al; EXTEND-IA TNK Investigators. Tenecteplase versus alteplase before thrombectomy for ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:1573-82. 29694815
Abstract 18169: Genetic Association Study of Circulating Galectin-3 in the General Community Identifies a Variant Associated With Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Naveen Pereira, Christopher Scott, Gregory Jenkins, Dennis Robinson, Nirubol Tosakulwong, John Burnett, Richard Weinshilboum, Margaret Redfield
Journal: Circulation (2014)

Introduction: Galectin (Gal)-3 deficiency has been associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and proinflammatory pathways in mice but its implication in human atherosclerosis is unknown. The vari...
Abstract 32: The Role of Cyclin A2 in Adult Human Cardiomyocyte Plasticity
Authors: Amaresh Ranjan, Sangeetha Vadakke Madathil, Hina Chaudhry
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

The adult mammalian heart is known to have a very low abundance of progenitor cells which can take part in active cycling and regeneration after damage. Cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle soon after birth coincident with the silencing of cyclin A2 (CCNA2). In our previous studies, we demonstrated that viral delivery of Ccna2 induces cardiac regeneration in infarcted hearts of small and large animal models. However, the molecular mechanism whereby Ccna2 induces cardiac regeneration and increase in cardiac function deserves further study. To explore further, we isolated adult mouse cardiomyocytes and induced Ccna2 expression by using adenovirus transfection and cultured them for 3 weeks. Co-expression of the mature cardiac marker troponin Tc with the immature cardiac marker non-muscle myosin IIB was observed. Additionally, expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transition markers (vimentin and FSP1) was observed. Also, decreased expression of mature cardiac markers α-MHC , ckmt2 and cTnT was noted. To study the factors responsible for human cardiomyocyte plasticity and cell division, we have optimized a novel method for culturing adult human cardiomyocytes in our laboratory. We cultured cardiomyocytes isolated from heart tissue obtained from a 55 yr old male patient. After transfection with CCNA2 adenovirus made for human use (cTnT promoter driving human CCNA2 cDNA), they were co-transfected with two more adenoviruses (1) cTnT-GFP to label cardiomyocytes (green) and (2) CMV-α-actinin-m-Cherry to label the sarcomere (red). Time lapse live epifluorescence microscopy was carried out for 70 hrs and time lapse movies were prepared (please refer the youtube link to see a representative time lapse movie https://youtu.be/OBrJGCq7YCA ). Movies were analyzed to calculate the cytokinesis index in samples transfected with (Test) and without (Null) CCNA2 adenoviruses. We observed a significantly higher cytokinesis index in CCNA2 samples versus Null. We are further investigating the role of cyclin A2 in dedifferentiation of adult human cardiomyocytes to generate immature or progenitor cardiac cells and their contractile status, which could be utilized for regeneration and functional restoration of damaged adult heart tissue.
Route of immunization defines multiple mechanisms of vaccine-mediated protection against SIV
Authors: Margaret E. Ackerman, Jishnu Das, Srivamshi Pittala, Thomas Broge, Caitlyn Linde, Todd J. Suscovich, Eric P. Brown, Todd Bradley, Harini Natarajan, Shu Lin, Jessica K. Sassic, Sean O’Keefe, Nickita Mehta, Derrick Goodman, Magdalena Sips, Joshua A. Weiner, Georgia D. Tomaras, Barton F. Haynes, Douglas A. Lauffenburger, Chris Bailey-Kellogg, Mario Roederer, Galit Alter
Journal: Nature Medicine (2018)
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Report on Sexual Harassment
Authors: Amy L. Fairchild, Lavern J. Holyfield, Carrie L. Byington
Journal: JAMA (2018)

This Viewpoint summarizes the scope, perspective, and recommendations of a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) 2018 report on climate, culture, and consequences of sexual harassment of women in the academic sciences.