tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Flu vaccine shortages: NHS England must improve planning to avoid a repeat of this year’s delays
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2018)

The BMA and flu vaccine suppliers have urged NHS England (NHSE) to ensure any changes to the flu programme in the future are made much earlier and communicated better to GPs to avoid a repeat of the problems seen this year.

Some practices have had to cancel or rearrange clinics and direct some priority elderly patients to other providers because of late changes to the vaccine recommended to over 65 year olds this year. The vaccine for those over 65 is only available from one manufacturer and requires an unusual staggered delivery schedule.

In previous years, those older than 65 and younger at risk groups have been given the same vaccine. However, data from Public Health England have shown that the usual vaccine used in the UK is much less effective in the …
<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> promotes colorectal tumorigenesis through the action of cytolethal distending toxin
Authors: Zhen He, Raad Z Gharaibeh, Rachel C Newsome, Jllian L Pope, Michael W Dougherty, Sarah Tomkovich, Benoit Pons, Gladys Mirey, Julien Vignard, David R Hendrixson, Christian Jobin
Journal: Gut (2018)

Campylobacter jejuni produces a genotoxin, cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), which has DNAse activity and causes DNA double-strand breaks. Although C. jejuni infection has been shown to promote intestinal inflammation, the impact of this bacterium on carcinogenesis has never been examined.Germ-free (GF) ApcMin/+ mice, fed with 1% dextran sulfate sodium, were used to test tumorigenesis potential of CDT-producing C. jejuni. Cells and enteroids were exposed to bacterial lysates to determine DNA damage capacity via γH2AX immunofluorescence, comet assay and cell cycle assay. To examine the interplay of CDT-producing C. jejuni, gut microbiome and host in tumorigenesis, colonic RNA-sequencing and faecal 16S rDNA sequencing were performed. Rapamycin was administrated to investigate the prevention of CDT-producing C. jejuni-induced tumorigenesis.GF ApcMin/+ mice colonised with human clinical isolate C. jejuni81-176 developed significantly more and larger tumours when compared with uninfected mice. C. jejuni with a mutated cdtB subunit, mutcdtB, attenuated C. jejuni-induced tumorigenesis in vivo and decreased DNA damage response in cells and enteroids. C. jejuni infection induced expression of hundreds of colonic genes, with 22 genes dependent on the presence of cdtB. The C. jejuni-infected group had a significantly different microbial gene expression profile compared with the mutcdtB group as shown by metatranscriptomic data, and different microbial communities as measured by 16S rDNA sequencing. Finally, rapamycin could diminish the tumorigenic capability of C. jejuni.Human clinical isolate C. jejuni 81-176 promotes colorectal cancer and induces changes in microbial composition and transcriptomic responses, a process dependent on CDT production.
Occurrence of Treatment-Related Cardiotoxicity and Its Impact on Outcomes Among Children Treated in the AAML0531 Clinical Trial: A Report From the Children’s Oncology Group
Authors: Kelly D. Getz, Lillian Sung, Bonnie Ky, Robert B. Gerbing, Kasey J. Leger, Allison Barz Leahy, Leah Sack, William G. Woods, Todd Alonzo, Alan Gamis, Richard Aplenc
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

Late cardiotoxicity after pediatric acute myeloid leukemia therapy causes substantial morbidity and mortality. The impact of early-onset cardiotoxicity on treatment outcomes is less well understood. Thus, we evaluated the risk factors for incident early cardiotoxicity and the impacts of cardiotoxicity on event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS).
Potential hamstring injury blind spot: we need to raise awareness of proximal hamstring tendon avulsion injuries
Authors: Anne D van der Made, Johannes L Tol, Gustaaf Reurink, Rolf W Peters, Gino M Kerkhoffs
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2018)

A recent thought-provoking editorial1 suggested that the reported annual increase in hamstring injuries could in fact be associated with increased awareness rather than an actual increase in injury incidence. We share the author’s optimism on the improving knowledge on (musculotendinous) hamstring injuries, yet we still have concerns regarding awareness of its evil twin—the full-thickness hamstring tendon avulsion.

In this letter, we argue that there is a ‘blind spot’ when it comes to diagnosing these serious injuries.

Hamstring tendon avulsions mostly affect the proximal tendons, and are typically sustained during sports or slip and fall accidents involving a combination of forceful hip flexion and knee extension.2 Our ongoing prospective study raised concerns that medical professionals may be disproportionally affected by these injuries. We noticed that 20% (95% CI 9% to 37%) of included patients with a full-thickness proximal hamstring tendon avulsion were medical doctors and physiotherapists. In the Netherlands, medical doctors and physiotherapists make up approximately 0.8% of the adult population.3 4 This percentage is in sharp contrast with the significantly higher proportion of those medical professionals that we encountered in our cohort of patients with a full-thickness proximal hamstring tendon avulsion.

Interestingly, we observed that substantial diagnostic delay (ie, time between injury and MRI-confirmed diagnosis) …
TEWL reference values in healthy adults
Authors: M. Akdeniz, S. Gabriel, A. Lichterfeld-Kottner, U. Blume-Peytavi, J. Kottner
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is the amount of water which passes from inside the human body through the skin layers to the outside. This diffusion cannot be observed directly so we use different measurement devices to detect it. Measurement of TEWL can be useful to identify healthy or diseased skin. Higher TEWL can be a sign of skin impairment, meaning the skin's protective barrier is damaged or not working properly, and therefore letting more water pass through. However, TEWL is affected by many factors such as temperature, humidity, age, gender, anatomical region (body part), skin temperature, measurement device and many other factors. Therefore, TEWL must be carefully interpreted and a "normal" TEWL does not exist. This systematic review and meta‐analysis, from Germany, aimed to find out TEWL reference estimates for healthy skin in adults by combining many different individual studies published in the last 60 years. The authors provided TEWL estimates for 86 skin areas from 212 studies in healthy adults. They found that TEWL is highly dependent on skin area and seems to show a symmetrical pattern between the right and left body sites. TEWL in the elderly seems to be generally similar or decreased compared with younger adults. The difference between TEWL estimates for different measurement devices seems to be minimal.
Different Types and Acceptability of Psychotherapies for Acute Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Xinyu Zhou, Yuqing Zhang, Toshiaki A. Furukawa, Pim Cuijpers, Juncai Pu, John R. Weisz, Lining Yang, Sarah E. Hetrick, Cinzia Del Giovane, David Cohen, Anthony C. James, Shuai Yuan, Craig Whittington, Xiaofeng Jiang, Teng Teng, Andrea Cipriani, Peng Xie
Journal: JAMA Psychiatry (2018)

Anxiety disorders are common in children and adolescents, and uncertainty remains regarding the optimal strategy of psychotherapies in this population.To compare and rank the different types of psychotherapies and the different ways of delivering psychological treatments for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents.PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), ProQuest Dissertations, LILACS (Literatura Latino Americana em Ciências da Saúde), international trial registers, and US Food and Drug Administration reports were searched from inception to November 30, 2017.Randomized clinical trials that compared any structured psychotherapy with another psychotherapy or a control condition for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents were selected.Four researchers independently performed data extraction and quality assessment. Pairwise meta-analyses and Bayesian network meta-analysis within the random-effects model were used to synthesize data.Efficacy (change in anxiety symptoms) posttreatment and at follow-up, acceptability (all-cause discontinuation), and quality of life and functional improvement were measured. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework.A total of 101 unique trials including 6625 unique participants compared 11 different psychotherapies with 4 specific control conditions. The certainty of evidence was rated as low or very low for most comparisons. For efficacy, most psychotherapies were significantly more effective than the wait list condition posttreatment (standardized mean difference [SMD], -1.43 to -0.61) and at the longest follow-up (SMD, -1.84 to -1.64). However, only group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) was significantly more effective than the other psychotherapies and all control conditions posttreatment. For acceptability, bibliotherapy CBT had significantly more all-cause discontinuations than some psychotherapies and control conditions (range of odds ratios, 2.48-9.32). In terms of quality of life and functional improvement, CBT (delivered in different ways) was significantly beneficial compared with psychological placebo and the wait list condition (SMDs, 0.73 to 1.99).Group CBT would be the more appropriate choice of psychotherapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, based on these findings. Other types of psychotherapies and different ways of delivering psychological treatment can be alternative options. Further research is needed to explore specific anxiety disorders, disorder-specific psychotherapy, and moderators of treatment effect.PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42015016283.
Abstract P314: Healthy Food Choices Are Correlated in a Large Employee Social Network
Authors: Douglas Levy, Mark Pachucki, James O'Malley, Bianca Porneala, Awesta Yaqubi, Anne Thorndike
Journal: Circulation (2018)

Introduction: Research suggests obesity may be transmitted through social networks. A possible pathway is social influence on food choice. We investigated peer influence on the healthfulness of worksite food choices using social network analysis in a large hospital employee population, hypothesizing that socially-connected employees’ food choices would be correlated. Methods: Data on all food purchases in 2016 were obtained from the hospital’s cash register database. The cafeteria system uses traffic light labels to mark foods as healthy (green), less healthy (yellow), or unhealthy (red). Employees’ food purchases were identified through the use of cafeteria debit cards; social ties among employees were inferred based on a validated algorithm using demographics and time/location of purchases. We used spatial autoregression (SAR) and generalized estimating equation (GEE) models to calculate associations between the proportions of employees’ and coworkers’ purchases that were labeled green (or red). SAR models assessed concurrent purchases of an employee and coworker, weighting the association between their purchases by the frequency and inferred strength of the social tie. GEE models assessed longitudinal relationships between purchases coworkers’ made in the presence of an employee in one 8-week period and the employee’s purchases in the next 8-week period. Food and beverages were analyzed separately. Models adjusted for employee and coworker confounders (age, sex, race/ethnicity, job type, education). Results: In all, 5,118 employees used cafeteria debit cards to make purchases. Up to 536,240 employee/coworker interactions were observed, depending on the model (SAR, GEE) and outcomes (green/red, food/beverages). SAR models showed that a 1 percentage point increase in the network-weighted average of coworkers’ green-labeled (healthy) food purchases was associated with a 0.39 percentage point increase in an employee’s concurrent green-labeled food purchases (p&lt;.001). Positive associations were also observed for red foods (0.20), and green (0.14) and red (0.31) beverages (all p&lt;.001). Longitudinal GEE models showed that employees, as a population, increased purchases of green-labeled items by 0.013 percentage points on average when coworkers with whom they visited cafeterias in the prior 8 weeks increased their purchases of green items by 1 percentage point (p&lt;.001). Similar associations were observed for red foods (0.013), and for green (0.006) and red beverages (0.020) (all p&lt;.003). Conclusions: Employees’ healthy and unhealthy food choices are correlated. Although one explanation is that people eat with others who have similar preferences, the longitudinal findings suggest that people create social norms for eating that influence peers. Worksite and other social networks may be novel targets for population-level interventions to promote healthy diet.
Transplant Status Does Not Impact the Selection of Induction Regimens for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma (NDMM) Patients (Pts) in the Insight MM Prospective, Observational Study
Authors: Saad Z. Usmani, Vania T. M. Hungria, Xavier Leleu, Hans C. Lee, Faith E. Davies, Caitlin L. Costello, Robert M Rifkin, Katja Weisel, Ajai Chari, Noemi Puig, Mario Boccadoro, Gordon Cook, Jesus G. Berdeja, Jeffrey A Zonder, Michael A. Thompson, Rafat Abonour, Jorge Vela-Ojeda, Roman Hajek, Andrew Spencer, Jim Omel, Brittany Demers, Dorothy Romanus, Kaili Ren, Tomas Skacel, Dawn Marie Stull, Evangelos Terpos
Journal: Blood (2018)
Response-Adapted Therapy with Nivolumab and Brentuximab Vedotin (BV), Followed By BV and Bendamustine for Suboptimal Response, in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults with Standard-Risk Relapsed/Refractory Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Paul Harker-Murray, Thierry Leblanc, Maurizio Mascarin, Christine Mauz-Körholz, Gerard Michel, Stacy Cooper, Auke Beishuizen, Kasey J. Leger, Alberto Garaventa, Salvatore Buffardi, Laurence Brugieres, Kara M. Kelly, Peter D. Cole, Richard A. Drachtman, Faith Galderisi, Mariana Sacchi, Ying-Ming Jou, Stephen Daw
Journal: Blood (2018)
Loss‐of‐function desmoplakin I and II mutations underlie dominant arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy with a hair and skin phenotype
Authors: T. Maruthappu, A. Posafalvi, S. Castelletti, P.J. Delaney, P. Syrris, E.A. O'Toole, K.J. Green, P.M. Elliott, P.D. Lambiase, A. Tinker, W.J. McKenna, D.P. Kelsell
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Background Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is an inherited, frequently underdiagnosed disorder, which can predispose individuals to sudden cardiac death. Rare, recessive forms of AC can be associated with woolly hair and palmoplantar keratoderma, but most autosomal dominant AC forms have been reported to be cardiac specific. Causative mutations frequently occur in desmosomal genes including desmoplakin (DSP). Objectives In this study, we systematically investigated the presence of a skin and hair phenotype in heterozygous DSP mutation carriers with AC. Methods Six AC pedigrees with 38 carriers of a dominant loss-of-function (nonsense or frameshift) mutation in DSP were evaluated by detailed clinical examination (cardiac, hair and skin) and molecular phenotyping. Results All carriers with mutations affecting both major DSP isoforms (DSPI and II) were observed to have curly or wavy hair in the pedigrees examined, except for members of Family 6, where the position of the mutation only affected the cardiac-specific isoform DSPI. A mild palmoplantar keratoderma was also present in many carriers. Sanger sequencing of cDNA from nonlesional carrier skin suggested degradation of the mutant allele. Immunohistochemistry of patient skin demonstrated mislocalization of DSP and other junctional proteins (plakoglobin, connexin 43) in the basal epidermis. However, in Family 6, DSP localization was comparable with control skin. Conclusions This study identifies a highly recognizable cutaneous phenotype associated with dominant loss-of-function DSPI/II mutations underlying AC. Increased awareness of this phenotype among healthcare workers could facilitate a timely diagnosis of AC in the absence of overt cardiac features.
Application of Cell-free DNA Analysis to Cancer Treatment
Authors: Ryan B. Corcoran, Bruce A. Chabner
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (2018)

Interview with Dr. Ryan Corcoran on the potential clinical applications of cell-free DNA analysis in patients with cancer. (10:36)Download The capacity to detect new cancers, treatment-resistant variants, and tumor heterogeneity by noninvasive technology on the basis of tumor DNA in the blood promises to revolutionize cancer detection, prevention, and treatment.
Necrotizing Neutrophilic Dermatitis, an Often-Misdiagnosed Entity With Potentially Severe Consequences
Authors: Jeffrey P. Callen
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
Dermoscopy of patch test reactions: study of applicability in differential diagnosis between allergic and irritant reactions
Authors: M. Corazza, G. Toni, D. Musmeci, V. Scuderi, G. Amendolagine, A. Borghi
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2018)

Correct interpretation of patch test reactions is of paramount importance for differentiating allergic from irritant contact dermatitis (ICD).Differentiating weak positive and/or doubtful allergic patch test reactions from irritant reactions can be difficult.The aim of the present study was to describe the main dermoscopic features of patch test reactions and to assess the suitability of dermoscopy in differentiating allergic from irritant reactions in clinical setting.In this observational, cross-sectional study, all consecutive adult outpatients patch tested at our Allergy Unit during a 6-month period for suspected allergic contact dermatitis who developed any reaction at patch testing were eligible for inclusion.Since this was the first, pilot analysis of the dermoscopic features of skin reactions to patch tests and with the aim of comparing allergic and irritant reactions, it was necessary to select only those reactions clearly definable and classifiable in either category, according to clinical assessment.Patients were patch tested with the Italian baseline Società Italiana di Dermatologia Allergologica Professionale ed Ambientale (SIDAPA) series (Lofarma, Milano, Italy).Test allergens were applied to the upper back of patients for 48 hrs, using patch test Finn Chambers ® on Scanpor ® .Test sites were evaluated after 48 and 72 hrs by an experienced dermatologist (M.C.). 1
Targeted Inhibition of Aggrecanases Prevents Articular Cartilage Degradation and Augments Bone Mass in the <scp>STR</scp>/Ort Mouse Model of Spontaneous Osteoarthritis
Authors: Ioannis Kanakis, Ke Liu, Blandine Poulet, Behzad Javaheri, Rob J. van ’t Hof, Andrew A. Pitsillides, George Bou‐Gharios
Journal: Arthritis & Rheumatology (2018)

Objective Cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis ( OA ) is mediated mainly by matrix metalloproteinases ( MMP s) and ADAMTS . The therapeutic candidature of targeting aggrecanases has not yet been defined in joints in which spontaneous OA arises from genetic susceptibility, as in the case of the STR /Ort mouse, without a traumatic or load‐induced etiology. In addition, we do not know the long‐term effect of aggrecanase inhibition on bone. We undertook this study to assess the potential aggrecanase selectivity of a variant of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 ( TIMP ‐3), called [‐1A] TIMP ‐3, on spontaneous OA development and bone formation in STR /Ort mice. Methods Using the background of STR /Ort mice, which develop spontaneous OA , we generated transgenic mice that overexpress [‐1A] TIMP ‐3, either ubiquitously or conditionally in chondrocytes. [‐1A] TIMP ‐3 has an extra alanine at the N‐terminus that selectively inhibits ADAMTS but not MMP s. We analyzed a range of OA ‐related measures in all mice at age 40 weeks. Results Mice expressing high levels of [‐1A] TIMP ‐3 were protected against development of OA , while those expressing low levels were not. Interestingly, we also found that high levels of [‐1A] TIMP ‐3 transgene overexpression resulted in increased bone mass, particularly in females. This regulation of bone mass was at least partly direct, as adult mouse primary osteoblasts infected with [‐1A] TIMP ‐3 in vitro showed elevated rates of mineralization. Conclusion The results provide evidence that [‐1A] TIMP ‐3–mediated inhibition of aggrecanases can protect against cartilage degradation in a naturally occurring mouse model of OA , and they highlight a novel role that aggrecanase inhibition may play in increased bone mass.
Enchondroma of Tibia as Potential False-positive Finding on 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/CT Scan
Authors: Sonia Mahajan, Lisa Bodei, Sandra Huicochea Castellanos, Ravinder K. Grewal
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2018)

A 70-year-old man with a history of carcinoid tumor of small bowel was referred for Ga-DOTATOC study to evaluate the extent of disease. PET/CT scan revealed known metastatic disease in the liver, with other sites of involvement including pancreas, peritoneum, and bones. In addition, moderately intense uptake was noted in proximal right tibia and further correlation on CT showed metaphyseal lesion with "rings and arcs" calcification suggestive of enchondroma. This case highlights the possibility of overexpression of somatostatin receptors in enchondromas, which has been little explored in literature.
Infants of older fathers are at greater risk of birth complications
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Delaying fatherhood affects the health of both infants and mothers, a study in The BMJ has found.1

While the absolute risks remain low, the researchers emphasised the importance of including men in preconception care and the need to further investigate the public health implications of rising paternal age.

The few studies that have looked at the effects of the age of fathers have focused mainly on the risk of congenital diseases in infants.

In the latest study, researchers at Stanford University in California accessed data on all 40 529 905 live births that took place in the US between 2007 and 2016.

They found that as …
Aldosterone induces albuminuria via matrix metalloproteinase–dependent damage of the endothelial glycocalyx
Authors: Matthew J. Butler, Raina Ramnath, Hiroyuki Kadoya, Dorinne Desposito, Anne Riquier-Brison, Joanne K. Ferguson, Karen L. Onions, Anna S. Ogier, Hesham ElHegni, Richard J. Coward, Gavin I. Welsh, Rebecca R. Foster, Janos Peti-Peterdi, Simon C. Satchell
Journal: Kidney International (2018)