tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of <sup>18</sup>FET positron emission tomography (<sup>18</sup>FET-PET) for the clinical course in newly diagnosed glioblastoma.
Authors: Joerg Christian Tonn, Bogdana Suchorska, Natalie Jansen, Jennifer Linn, Hans A Kretzschmar, Matthias Simon, Bettina Hentschel, Friedrich Wilhelm Kreth, Michael Weller, Christian LaFougere
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

2045 Background: Aim of this prospective longitudinal study was to evaluate whether 18 FET-PET allow to monitor and quantify the therapeutic effects of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma and whether 18 FET-PET can provide additional prognostic information on response to therapy and outcome. Methods: 92 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma considered eligible for radiochemotherapy (RcX) were included; diagnosis was obtained by biopsy (n=46) or resection (n=46). Patients were to undergo 18 FET-PET and cocomitant MRI scans prior to surgery, following RcX and as well as after three cycles of adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ). At each time point, biological tumor volume (BTV), maximal 18 FET uptake as ratio to background (SUV max /BG), and tumor uptake kinetics (TAC) were obtained. Overall survival (OS) was primary endpoint, progression-free survival (PFS) as defined by MRI using Macdonald criteria was a secondary endpoint. ROC analyses were done to determine optimal cut-off values of 18 FET-PET parameters for survival outcome. To identify predictors for OS/PFS, Cox regression analysis was performed. Results: 79 patients were eligible for further evaluation. ROC analysis revealed cut-off values for pre-RCX BTV (9.5 ccm) and SUV max /BG (2.95) with a sensitivity and specificity of both 70% for BTV and 68/73% for SUV max /BG . Both pre-therapeutic BTV and SUV max /BG were associated with PFS and OS (p&lt;0.05). In contrast to MRI-based volume, the prognostic value of BTV remained highly significant in the multivariate Cox analysis independently of MGMT status.. Furthermore, 18 FET TAC pattern and its changes were related to OS and PFS. Conclusions: Serial 18 FET-PET imaging in glioblastoma before and after concomitant radio-/chemotherapy is a highly powerful tool to provide prognostic information for the outcome in newly diagnosed glioblastoma patients. These findings might help to personalize therapy and response evaluation in forthcoming clinical investigations. Clinical trial information: NCT01089868.
Prevalence of skin diseases treated at public referral hospitals in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa
Authors: N.C. Dlova, A. Chateau, N. Khoza, A. Skenjane, Z. Mkhize, O.S. Katibi, A. Grobler, J.T. Gwegweni, A. Mosam
Journal: British Journal of Dermatology (2017)

In South Africa(S.A), a country of about 50.6 million inhabitants, approximately 85% of the population is dependent on the public health sector. A total of 220 dermatologists practise in South Africa, with a ratio of 1 dermatologist: 216 000 people and most practising in the private urban areas. The importance and the need to quantify the burden of disease led us to describe prospectively the epidemiology of skin conditions in five public referral hospitals in the second most populous province of South Africa (S.A), KwaZulu Natal (KZN).

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Reducing the Margins of Error During Breast-Conserving Surgery
Authors: Daniel R. Leff, Edward R. St John, Zoltan Takats
Journal: JAMA Surgery (2017)

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Appraising the exercise oncology literature: a reminder of the rigour needed in systematic reviews
Authors: Sarah E Neil-Sztramko, Kerri M Winters-Stone, Kelcey A Bland, Kristin L Campbell
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

We read with great interest the publication by Fairman et al ,1 which examines the design of resistance training protocols for interventions in cancer survivors, adding to similar reviews we authored in 20122 and 2014.3 We applaud the authors’ efforts, but outline concerns over methodological and reporting problems that may influence the overall message.

Both primary and secondary publications from the same trial are included as individual studies, including the PAL trial (n=6),4–9 the START trial (n=2),10 11 the Weight Training in Breast Cancer Survivors trial (n=3),12–14 and studies from Segal (n=2),15 16 and Nilsen (n=2).17 18 This overestimates the number of trials eligible for review, and gives greater weight to trials with multiple publications …
Dacomitinib (Daco) induction therapy for locally advanced (LA) or metastatic penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC): An open label, single-arm, phase II study.
Authors: Andrea Necchi, Salvatore Lo Vullo, Daniele Raggi, Patrizia Giannatempo, Nicola Nicolai, Luigi Piva, Davide Biasoni, Mario Catanzaro, Tullio Torelli, Silvia Stagni, Giuseppina Calareso, Elena Togliardi, Maurizio Colecchia, Adele Busico, Federica Perrone, Annunziata Gloghini, Guru Sonpavde, Luigi Mariani, Roberto Salvioni
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

399 Background: The prognosis of patients (pts) with PSCC is primarily depending on the involvement of regional lymph nodes (LN). Owing to the limited efficacy of chemotherapy (ChT), new drugs are warranted. Daco is a potent, irreversible TKI of human EGFR/HER1, HER2 and HER4. Methods: In a phase 2 study (NCT01728233), pts received Daco 45 mg/d orally continuously. Inclusion criteria were SCC histology, and clinical stage N2-3 or M1; no prior ChT was allowed. Computed tomography (CT) and PET/CT scans were repeated q8 wks. Responding pts with LA-PSCC were offered radical surgery. The primary endpoint was the objective response-rate (ORR = CR+PR according to RECIST v1.1). The study was conducted according to a Bayesian design, based on predictive probability; the target was to demonstrate that the ORR exceeded 20%. Translational analyses on pre-Daco tumor samples included: EGFR and HER2 amplification (ampl), in-situ hybridization for HPV, and next generation sequencing. Results: From 06/13 to 09/16, 26 pts were treated. 7 (26.9%) had visceral metastases. 50% had pelvic and 57.7% clinically-involved bilateral LN. 1 CR + 7 PR were obtained (ORR = 30.4%, 95% credibility interval 14.9-48.6%). Median follow up = 16.6 months; 12-m PFS = 24.1% (95%CI: 11.1-52.3); 12-m OS = 50.7% (95%CI: 31.7-80.9). The current Bayesian posterior probability of exceeding the 20% ORR target is 89%. Tissue samples from 23 pts were analyzed. Only 2 pts were HPV+ (1SD, 1PD). EGFR ampl was found in 4 pts (1 CR, 1 PR, 2 SD) and it was confirmed in all post-Daco samples. TERT mutations (60%) were found in responders (R) only. Mutations in genes potentially associated with resistance to EGFR inhibitors ( HRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, PTEN, STK11) were found in 47% non responders (NR) vs 25% R. HRAS and BRAF mutations segregated with NR (20%). Additional unfrequent mutations of druggable targets were found: RAC1, TSC1 and mTOR in R, FGFR2, RAD50, PDGFRB and FLT4 in NR, IGF2R in both. Conclusions: Dacomitinib was active in HPV-negative, advanced PSCC. Among multiple altered pathways, we were able to delineate the possible molecular profile of responders. An expansion cohort to confirm the translational findings is planned. Clinical trial information: NCT01728233.
A clinical score to predict early death at 100 days after a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in elderly cancer patients: A prospective study with 815 patients.
Authors: Rabia Boulahssass, Sebastien Gonfrier, Jean Marc Ferrero, Francine Auben, Cyrielle Rambaud, Véronique Mari, Jean-Michel Turpin, Thierry Piche, Bereder Isabelle, Jean Marc Bereder, Jean Michel Hannoun Levi, Jerome Delotte, Remy Largillier, Ludovic Evesque, Philippe Follana, Delphine Borchiellini, Daniel Benchimol, Joel Guigay, Eric Francois, Olivier Guerin
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

9511 Background: Trying to predict very early death after a CGA is very difficult in clinical practice. Last year, we presented predictors of early death (Boulahssass et al, 9511, ASCO 2014).The aim of this new study was the next step by developing a score to estimate the risk of death at 100 days in order to illuminate the clinical decision-making. Methods: This is a multicentric and prospective cohort study approved by an ethics committee. A standardized CGA has been done before the treatment decision at the baseline (MMSE, MNA, Grip strength, ADL, IADL, CIRSg, Charlson, Lee, PS, Gait speed, QLQc30, G8, Balducci score). During the follow up of 100 days, the events (death), the treatments made, and the targeted geriatric interventions were collected. A multivariate logistic regression permits the selection of risk factors. The calibration was assessed with the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test. The internal validation of the model was performed by a bootstrap method with 1000 randomized samples. Score points were assigned to each risk factors by using the β coefficient. The accuracy of the score was assessed with the mean c-statistic (0.813). Results: 815 patients with a mean age of 82 years joined the study. The predictors were: metastatic cancer (OR 2.5 CI 1.6-3.6 p < 0,0001), gait speed < 0.8m/s (OR 1.7 CI 1.1-2.9 p = 0,025), MNA <17 (OR 8.8 CI 3.5-22.9 p < 0.0001), MNA ≤ 23.5 and ≥ 17 (OR 5.1 CI 2.1-12.2 p < 0.0001), PS > 2 (OR 1.9 CI 1.1-3.2 p = 0.01), cancers other than breast cancers (OR 2.1 CI 1.3-3.2 P = 0.001). We assigned in the score 5 points for MNA < 17, 3 points for MNA ≤ 23.5 and ≥ 17, 2 points for metastatic cancers, 1 point for: lower gait speed, PS > 2, and for cancers other than breast cancers. The risk of death at 100 days after a CGA was 5% for 0 to 5 points, 20% for 6 to 7 points,40% for 8 to 9 points and 60% for 10 points. Conclusions: This is the first score that estimates very early death in elderly cancer patients. This score could be useful in treatment decisions in clinical practice in order to choose the best treatment for the patient.
Cancer patients’ acceptability of incorporating an epidemiology questionnaire within a clinical trial: A patient preference study and subanalysis of the NCIC clinical trials group HN.6 clinical trial.
Authors: Sinead Cuffe, Henrique Hon, Kimberly Tobros, Osvaldo Espin-Garcia, Yonathan Brhane, Luke Harland, Ehab Fadhel, Lawson Eng, Anthony LaDelfa, John N. Waldron, Bingshu E. Chen, Wei Xu, Christine E. Simmons, Zahra Kassam, Lillian L. Siu, Alexander Montenegro, Wendy R. Parulekar, Geoffrey Liu
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

1586 Background: Understanding the influence or impact of epidemiological factors on cancer outcomes in clinical trials can broaden our knowledge of disease, trial populations and therapeutic effects thus leading to improved patient care. However, there is a lack of data on cancer patients’ compliance with an epidemiology questionnaire in the context of a clinical trial. Methods: A wide spectrum of cancer patients from three community, academic and tertiary cancer centres in Ontario, Canada were provided with a hypothetical scenario and surveyed regarding their willingness and preferences to complete an epidemiology questionnaire if incorporated into a cancer therapy trial. Patient compliance with completing a voluntary epidemiology questionnaire was separately determined in the pan-Canadian, multicentre phase III HN.6 clinical trial (NCT00820248) in patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer. Results: Of 617 cancer patients surveyed, the vast majority were willing to complete an epidemiology questionnaire; 45% would do so unconditionally; 31% would do so provided it did not inconvenience them too much; just 4% would refuse. Patients preferred shorter questionnaires of up to 30-50 questions requiring 10-20 minutes to complete, and administered over 1-3 sessions. Patients were less willing, but still compliant, to answer questions relating to sexual history (71%), and household income (66%) relative to other epidemiological questions (all >90%). 18% of patients thought that epidemiology questionnaires should be a mandatory component of clinical trials, with 31% believing that they may benefit personally from such research. Among the 320 HN.6 study participants, 268 (84%) completed the voluntary epidemiology questionnaire, and compliance averaged 94.8 (+/-1.0)% per question. Conclusions: Cancer patients appear to be very willing to participate in clinical trials that incorporate epidemiology questionnaires in trial design. The high compliance rates with completion of an epidemiology questionnaire in a phase III multicentre study confirmed this finding. Clinical trial information: NCT00820248.
Long-term venous thromboembolism (VTE) recurrences and bleedings according to cancer site: Data from the RIETE registry.
Authors: Isabelle Mahe, Laurent Bertoletti, Michele Lamuraglia, Javier Trujillo-Santos, Fares Moustafa, Henri Bounameaux, Llorenc Font, Maria Dolores Adarraga, Pablo Javier Marchena, Manuel Monreal
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e22226 Background: the venous thromboembolism (VTE) events, in cancer patients, are treated with low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for a period of 3-6 months in according to international guidelines. The benefits of a treatment option beyond 6 months of LMWH administration is not clearly defined. Long- term anticoagulation is most often suggested because of the persisting risk of recurrent VTE but data are very sparse and comprise all types of cancer.To assess according to the type of cancer the rate of recurrent VTE, major bleeding and death at 12 months in patients who experienced VTE in a context of active cancer and receiving anticoagulation for at least 3 months. Methods: We used data from Registro Informatizado de Enfermedad TromboEmbólica (RIETE) registry, an ongoing international, multicentred, real-life prospective registry of consecutive patients presenting with symptomatic, acute VTE. All patients provided written or oral consent for participation in the registry. Outcome measures included symptomatic VTE, major bleeding, death, type of cancer, and antithrombotic medication. Results: Up to November 2013, 938 patients with breast cancer, 629 with prostate cancer, 1189 with colon-rectal cancer and 1191 lung cancer were included. The highest risk of recurrent VTE occurred in the first 3 months (respectively 1.9%, 1.7%, 2.9%, 6.6%) and decreased thereafter. However the risk of major bleeding at 3 months was almost high (respectively 2.3%, 4.8%, 5.0%, 3.2%) and kept stable thereafter. In terms of mortality, the risk was again highest in the 3 months following the index VTE (respectively 11%, 12%, 19%, 39%) and remained quite stable over time thereafter. Conclusions: our results showed that the long-term recurrence is quite different according to the site of cancer. In addition, our results outline the highest risk of VTE recurrence in the 3 months following the VTE index and the similar risk for VTE recurrence and major bleeding thereafter whatever the cancer.
Bevacizumab and combination chemotherapy in rectal cancer until surgery (BACCHUS): A phase II, multicenter, open-label, randomized study of neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone without radiation in patients with MRI-defined high-risk cancer of the rectum not threatening the circumferential margin.
Authors: Mark Harrison, Sandy Beare, John A. Bridgewater, Ian Chau, Vicky Goh, Alec Mcdonald, Lucinda Melcher, Brendan J. Moran, Melanie Osborne, Philip Quirke, Harpreet Wasan, Wailup Wong, Robert Glynne-Jones
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2014)

TPS3653 Background: In locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), local recurrence is uncommon with good quality total mesorectal excision (TME) allowing preoperative chemo-radiotherapy (PCRT) to be omitted. The risk of developing metastases can be partly predicted using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PCRT does not benefit all patients with LARC, and is associated with long-term morbidity. Chemotherapy (Cty) may reduce the chance of local recurrence, but compliance to postoperative adjuvant Cty is poor, and its efficacy following CRT has been questioned. Neoadjuvant Cty is being examined in primary colon and rectal cancer (FOXTROT). BACCHUS will examine the efficacy and safety of intensified systemic Cty for LARC prior to TME. Methods: This is a multi-centre, randomized phase II trial. Eligible pts must have histologically confirmed LARC, distal part of the tumour 4-12 cm from anal verge, no metastases, poor prognostic features on pelvic MRI, WHO performance status 0-1. Pts receive folinic acid + fluorouracil + oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) + bevacizumab or FOLFOX + irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI) + bevacizumab, given in two weekly cycles for up to six cycles prior to TME. MRI and positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) are repeated prior to cycle four. Pts stop treatment if they fail to respond (defined as ≥30% decrease in Standardised Uptake Value compared to baseline PET/CT). The primary endpoint is pathological complete response (pCR) rate. Secondary endpoints are response rate (RECIST v1.1), circumferential resection margin-negative resection rate, T and N stage downstaging, progression-free, disease-free and overall survival, local control, one-year colostomy rate, acute toxicity, compliance to chemotherapy, tumour regression grade, and tumour cell density. Thirty pts in each arm are required to detect an improvement from 5-20% pCR rate for each regimen compared to RT alone (80% power, α=0.05, assuming 10% non-evaluable rate). A regimen will be considered successful if at least 4/27 pCRs are observed. Clinical trial information: NCT01650428.
How much do cancer patients understand? A critical assessment of online patient health information in oncology.
Authors: Elizabeth S John, Ann Mary John, David R Hansberry, Prashant J Thomas, Jennifer Tseng
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e12637 Background: Approximately 84 million American adults use the Internet to search for health information (HI), with over 70% of patients reporting that the information influences their management decisions. Many oncology societies, such as the American Society of Clinical Oncology among others, as well as commercial sites, such as WebMD, provide oncology HI for patients. This study investigates the readability of these articles to determine if they are written at levels that facilitate patient understanding. Methods: HI about eleven cancers with the highest incidence were downloaded from various oncology society-supported websites – including cancer.gov, cancer.org, cancer.net, mdanderson.org, and MedlinePlus – as well as other sites with patient education information including cancercenter.com, WebMd, and Wikipedia. Scientific literature and blog forums were excluded. Ten validated readability scales were used to measure the readability. One-way ANOVA and Tukey Honestly Statistically Different (HSD) post hoc analyses were performed to determine if there were any significant differences among the readability of the literature of the eleven cancers or among the different websites. Results: The 88 articles were collectively written at an 11.4 grade level and none of the articles from any of the websites were written below the NIH and AMA recommended 3-7 grade levels (range 7.7 to 16.8 grade levels). There were no significant differences among the readability levels of the 11 types of cancers, F(10,77) = 0.44, p = 0.92; however, there were statistically significant differences among the 8 different websites, F(7,80) = 45.85, p = 0. Wikipedia and cancercenter.org were written at the most difficult level – 15.9 and 11.9 average grade levels, respectively. Cancer.gov and MedlinePlus were written at the most readable levels – 9.6 and 9.8 average grade levels, respectively. Conclusions: The HI in this study were all written at higher grade levels than the NIH’s and AMA’s recommendations. If articles can be written at a level that is more appropriate for the average American patient's understanding, the patient physician relationship would be bolstered, and patients could significantly benefit.
Understanding the Genetic Landscape of Small Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder and Implications for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment
Authors: Erik J. Kouba, Liang Cheng
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2017)

Small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine tumor of the urinary bladder. Although research has been performed since the first case was reported in 1981, most of our understanding of the disease treatments has been extrapolated from small cell carcinoma of the lung. However, current data on patient survival have been stagnant.With the advent of advanced molecular diagnostic methods, a new potential for understanding the origin and treatment of small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder has become evident. Similar to published studies of small cell carcinoma of the lung, collaborative efforts and accessible genome-phenome databases have partially elucidated the genomic landscape. With these efforts, additional potential areas of treatment, such as targeting driver mutations, immunotherapy, stem cell modulation, and novel drug candidates, have been identified. Moreover, identification of novel biomarkers and improved radiological methods may complement our understanding of the course of disease relative to diagnosis, staging, prognosis, and response to treatment. Such early discoveries have been facilitated with novel animal-based models.The direction of investigation of small cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder using novel methods to understand the genomic landscape for new treatments remains preliminary. However, such studies are maturing and may foster clinical research, with opportunities to enhance the survival and health-related quality of life of individuals with this disease.
Comparison of Conditioning Regimens with or without Total Body Irradiation in Bone Marrow Transplantation from an Alternative Donor.
Authors: Hiromasa Yabe, Shunichi Kato, Miharu Yabe, Kazuko Kudo, Hiroshi Yagasaki, Keizo Horibe, Masuji Yamamoto, Akira Ohara, Fumiko Kuroki, Ichiro Tsukimoto, Seiji Kojima
Journal: Blood (2004)