tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy for local advanced gastric or Siewert II/III GEJ cancer: A retrospective analysis.
Authors: Guichao Li, Jennifer Y Wo, Lawrence Scott Blaszkowsky, Hui Zheng, Jeffrey W. Clark, John Mullen, David W Rattner, David L. Berger, Christine Eyler, Florence K. Keane, Andrew X. Zhu, Janet E. Murphy, Lipika Goyal, Aparna Raj Parikh, Jill N. Allen, David P. Ryan, Zhen Zhang, Theodore S. Hong
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

115 Background: Radiation therapy has improved survival in gastric cancer in some randomized trials. However, post-operative fields have been difficult tolerate, and completion rates have been low. Preoperative therapy may afford the opportunity to radical therapy, and potentially improve the resectability in advanced patients. Methods: Patients with Siewert II/III GE junction or gastric cancer treated at Massachusetts General Hospital were evaluated with Institutional Review Board approval. Clinical parameters and prognostic factors including gender, age, clinical stage, pathological stage, radiation parameters, concurrent chemotherapy, non-radiation chemotherapy, toxicity and survival were included in the analysis. Results: From Jul 2005 to Jan 2017, we enrolled 88 patients had chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and surgery, 48 preoperative and 40 postoperative CRT patients. In the preoperative group, 16.7% (8/48) had nodes outside a standard D2 dissection range, and the pathologic complete regression (pCR) rate was 18.8% (9/48). Median preoperative and postoperative radiation dose was 50.4 Gy and 45 Gy. Two-drug regimen was the most commonly used preoperative concurrent chemotherapy: 60.5% and single drug was the most commonly used postoperative concurrent chemotherapy: 97.5%. Except concurrent chemotherapy, 25 preoperative CRT patients received induction FOLFOX (median 8 cycles); 9 postoperative CRT patients also received 5-FU and 23 received FOLFOX (or EOX) chemotherapy. The estimated 3-year relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in the preoperative and postoperative group was 51% vs. 34.3% (p = 0.286), and 71.2% vs. 45.9% (p = 0.179), respectively. In preoperative CRT group, there was more hematological toxicity but less gastrointestinal toxicity than postoperative CRT group, more distant metastasis but less peritoneal recurrence rate. Conclusions: Compared to postoperative chemoradiotherapy, preoperative chemoradiotherapy option has the trend of better tolerance, higher RFS and OS in patients with local advanced gastric cancer. Different chemoradiotherapy strategy may lead to different recurrence patterns.
Medicine in remote areas (MIRA)
Authors: Ruth McCabe
Journal: BMJ (2006)

Anyone with an interest in pre-hospital care or who works in remote or hostile environments. It would also be ideal for anyone planning a trip to the outback, jungle, or Arctic—remote just means a situation where there is no immediate access to adequate medical facilities, either by direct communication or access in terms of distance or time, which fits many holidays.

May 2006 at ex+med in Hereford, near the end of an extended SHO (senior house officer) career. The course is certificated by the Faculty of Pre-Hospital Care, Royal …
DEFINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE EXTENT OF MID-WALL LATE GADOLINIUM ENHANCEMENT AND ADVERSE HEART FAILURE EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: Brian Halliday, Arun Baksi, Ankur Gulati, Aamir Ali, Simon Newsome, Monika Arzanauskaite, Cemil Izgi, Amrit Lota, Upasana Tayal, Vass Vassiliou, Stuart Cook, John Cleland, Dudley Pennell, Sanjay Prasad
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Restorative effects of human neural stem cell grafts on the primate spinal cord
Authors: Ephron S Rosenzweig, John H Brock, Paul Lu, Hiromi Kumamaru, Ernesto A Salegio, Ken Kadoya, Janet L Weber, Justine J Liang, Rod Moseanko, Stephanie Hawbecker, J Russell Huie, Leif A Havton, Yvette S Nout-Lomas, Adam R Ferguson, Michael S Beattie, Jacqueline C Bresnahan, Mark H Tuszynski
Journal: Nature Medicine (2018)
Therapy Approved for Rare Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Doctors can take blood from Skripals for chemical weapons testing, rules judge
Authors: Clare Dyer
Journal: BMJ (2018)

The Russian double agent and his daughter who were targeted by an assassination attempt in Salisbury in early March may have permanent brain damage and may never fully recover, a High Court judge has said.1

The first details to be made public about the condition of Sergei and Yulia Skripal came in a Court of Protection judgment authorising medical staff from Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust to take blood samples from the two for testing by the independent Organisation for the Prevention of Chemical Weapons. The trust may also show the organisation the Skripals’ medical records since 4 March, when the attack took place, Mr Justice Williams ruled.

Blood tests carried out by the UK government’s Porton Down laboratory after the attack identified the …
Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome
Authors: Diane Fatkin
Journal: JAMA Cardiology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Long-amplicon TCRβ repertoire sequencing to reveal human T-cell receptor variable gene polymorphism: Implications for the prediction and interpretation of immunotherapy outcome.
Authors: Timothy Looney, Alexander Glavin, Sarabjot Pabla, Sean T. Glenn, Lauren Miller, Denise Topacio-Hall, Elizabeth Linch, Aleksandr Pankov, Jianping Zheng, Jeffrey M. Conroy, Carl Morrison, Geoffrey Lowman, Mark Andersen, Fiona Hyland
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2018)

129 Background: Human T cell antigen receptors play a critical role in protective immune responses but are also implicated in autoimmune disease and immune-mediated adverse events during immunotherapy. The antigen specificity of the T cell receptor is determined in part by the sequence of the CDR and Framework regions encoded by the TCRB variable gene. Previous studies of population sequencing data indicate that current antigen receptor allele databases, such as IMGT, fail to capture a significant portion of human variation. Here we use long-amplicon multiplex sequencing of rearranged TCRB receptors to validate putative novel human variable gene alleles previously recovered from 1000 genomes data. Methods: TCRB rearrangements were amplified from cDNA from 85 Caucasians undergoing treatment for melanoma using AmpliSeq-based multiplex Framework 1 and Constant gene primers to produce ~330bp amplicons. Samples were sequenced using the Ion Torrent S5 530 chip to produce ~1.5M raw reads per sample. Ion Reporter was used for clonotyping and identification of variable gene sequences absent from the IMGT database. Putatively novel sequences were compared to those reported in the Lym1k database of alleles recovered from 1000 genomes data. Results: We identified 15 novel variable gene alleles that are absent from the IMGT database and result in amino acid changes to the CDR or Framework regions of the TCR. Typically, a single individual was found to be heterozygous for a novel variant, though we note two instances where multiple individuals possessed a novel variant. We also identified novel variable gene alleles that are absent from the Lym1k database, potentially due to challenges in inferring receptor alleles from short-read population sequencing studies. Conclusions: We find evidence for significant human diversity in TCRB variable gene alleles beyond what is currently represented in the IMGT database. TCRB sequencing using multiplex Framework 1 and Constant gene targeting primers is ideally suited for studying the role of TCRB polymorphism in autoimmune disease and immune-mediated adverse events during immunotherapy.
Chairman of independent review of postgraduate medical education is appointed
Authors: Ingrid Torjesen
Journal: BMJ (2012)

An independent review of UK postgraduate medical training will be led by David Greenaway, vice chancellor of Nottingham University, it has been announced.

The “shape of medical training” review will assess the way doctors are trained in the United Kingdom and make recommendations on the future make up and direction of that training to help ensure that the doctors of the future are equipped to meet the changing needs of …
HRT may have positive effects on heart structure, study finds
Authors: Jacqui Wise
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Menopausal hormone therapy does not seem to have any adverse effect on the structure and function of the heart, and may have a positive effect, according to new research published in PLOS One .1

The effect of menopausal hormone therapy, previously known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT), on cardiovascular health in post-menopausal women remains controversial and unclear. Extensive observational data had suggested menopausal hormone therapy was cardioprotective, leading to it being routinely prescribed for primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. However, subsequent data from the Women’s Health Initiative and elsewhere have cast …
Abstract P201: Inverse Association between Sleep Efficiency and Cholesterol Fractions in African Americans; the Cardiovascular Health Epidemiology Study
Authors: Paula R Pullen, Jinnan Liu, Rakale Collins Quarells, Aurelian Bidulescu
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Background: Previous studies have shown that African Americans (AA) have lower sleep efficiency than Caucasians. Less is known in AA regarding the effect of sleep efficiency on metabolic markers of cardiovascular disease such as serum levels of cholesterol fractions. Thus, we conducted a cross-sectional investigation among AA examining the relationship between sleep duration and efficiency with cholesterol levels. Our hypothesis was that there is an inverse association between the duration and efficiency of sleep and cholesterol fractions. Methods: Our study population (n = 35; 60% women) was recruited throughout metro Atlanta via convenience sampling with radio announcements, flyers and health fairs. Included were AA aged 30-65 with a blood pressure lower than 140/90 mm Hg. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) and their ratio was measured as continuous variables. Sleep efficiency was measured with an Actiwatch device as the proportion of actual sleep time to the total amount of bedtime sleep. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the effects of sleep efficiency and duration on TC, HDL-cholesterol and their ratio with adjustments for age and body mass index (BMI). Statistical significance was set at a p-value of &lt;0.05 (two-tailed). Results: Among study participants, the mean (SD) was 52.3 (9.0) years for age, 31.6 (6.6) kg/m2 for BMI, 79.0 (7.5)% for sleep efficiency and 7.03 (1.3) hours for sleep duration. The mean (SD) was 195.5 (31.2) mg/dL for TC, 98.7 (31.2) mg/dL for triglycerides, 62.2 (17.9) mg/dL for HDL-cholesterol and 3.33 (0.83) for the ratio TC / HDL. Sleep efficiency correlated significantly with sleep duration (r = 0.36) and TC / HDL-cholesterol ratio (r = -0.32), but not with BMI or triglycerides. In the multivariable regression analysis, there was a statistically significant inverse association between sleep efficiency and the ratio of TC / HDL cholesterol (β = - 0.05, 95% confidence Interval = - 0.09, - 0.01; p = 0.008). No association was detected between sleep duration and cholesterol fractions (p = 0.90). Conclusion: Among African Americans, there is an inverse association between sleep efficiency and the ratio of TC to HDL-cholesterol. Reduced sleep efficiency might influence the cardiovascular risk through dyslipidemia.
Neuropilin-1 expression in adipose tissue macrophages protects against obesity and metabolic syndrome
Authors: Ariel Molly Wilson, Zhuo Shao, Vanessa Grenier, Gaëlle Mawambo, Jean-François Daudelin, Agnieszka Dejda, Frédérique Pilon, Natalija Popovic, Salix Boulet, Célia Parinot, Malika Oubaha, Nathalie Labrecque, Vincent de Guire, Mathieu Laplante, Guillaume Lettre, Florian Sennlaub, Jean-Sebastien Joyal, Michel Meunier, Przemyslaw Sapieha
Journal: Science Immunology (2018)

Obesity gives rise to metabolic complications by mechanisms that are poorly understood. Although chronic inflammatory signaling in adipose tissue is typically associated with metabolic deficiencies linked to excessive weight gain, we identified a subset of neuropilin-1 (NRP1)-expressing myeloid cells that accumulate in adipose tissue and protect against obesity and metabolic syndrome. Ablation of NRP1 in macrophages compromised lipid uptake in these cells, which reduced substrates for fatty acid β-oxidation and shifted energy metabolism of these macrophages toward a more inflammatory glycolytic metabolism. Conditional deletion of NRP1 in LysM Cre-expressing cells leads to inadequate adipose vascularization, accelerated weight gain, and reduced insulin sensitivity even independent of weight gain. Transfer of NRP1+ hematopoietic cells improved glucose homeostasis, resulting in the reversal of a prediabetic phenotype. Our findings suggest a pivotal role for adipose tissue-resident NRP1+-expressing macrophages in driving healthy weight gain and maintaining glucose tolerance.
Anaphylaxis in Children
Authors: Ioana Baiu, Elliot Melendez
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Anaphylaxis in ChildrenIn children, most anaphylactic episodes are caused by foods, medications, or insect bites.Anaphylaxis is the extreme of an allergy.The word anaphylaxis comes from Greek and means "contrary protection," suggesting that the body is overprotecting itself through a serious reaction to an otherwise harmless substance.For a child to develop such a reaction, he or she must have been exposed to the substance at least once in the past.During the first exposure, there are no visible symptoms.However, the body learns to recognize the substance (antigen) and builds a defense mechanism against it (antibodies).With subsequent exposures, the body reacts to the antigen as if it were harmful.For instance, although most children can safely eat peanuts, others may have an anaphylactic reaction to them.
Caloric restriction improves glucose homeostasis, yet increases cardiometabolic risk in caveolin-1-deficient mice
Authors: Korapat Mayurasakorn, Nurul Hasanah, Tsuyoshi Homma, Mika Homma, Isis Katayama Rangel, Amanda E. Garza, Jose R. Romero, Gail K. Adler, Gordon H. Williams, Luminita H. Pojoga
Journal: Metabolism (2018)
Abstract IS-1: Health System Responses to Women's Cancers in the Americas: Closing Divides to Achieve Universal Health Coverage
Authors: FM Knaul
Journal: Cancer Research (2018)

Abstract To address the challenges of the increasing cancer burden, low- and middle-income country health systems must function in an integrated manner across the care continuum from prevention to palliative care. Health systems must address disease-specific priorities and systemic challenges synergistically, as envisioned in a diagonal approach to health systems strengthening, which overcomes the barriers between vertical (disease-specific) and horizontal (systemic) approaches by making full use of potential synergies between different programs and allows the development of common delivery platforms that consider shared risk factors across diseases to optimize available resources. The challenges of meeting the double burden of cancer are epitomized by women's cancers in Latin America: the persistence of preventable cancers like cervical cancer that are especially prevalent among the poor; and the emerging challenge of cancers like breast cancer, that cannot be prevented, but whose impact could be dramatically reduced through early detection and treatment and that affect women of all socio-economic strata. Further, women face specific challenges associated with stigma and discrimination that exacerbate their risks of dying and suffering from cancer, especially those affecting reproductive health. As many Latin American countries continue making strides to ensure health care access for all through universal health coverage, they must aim to effectively meet the challenge of these chronic illnesses across the entire care continuum. We outline strategies to strengthen health systems through a diagonal approach using the example of how the Mexican health system has responded to the challenge of breast cancer to illustrate effective universal health coverage along the chronic disease continuum and across health systems functions. We also present innovative financing and delivery models, as well as educational interventions that build on overall efforts to strengthen primary care by linking to existing platforms related to reproductive and maternal and child health. Citation Format: Knaul FM. Health System Responses to Women's Cancers in the Americas: Closing Divides to Achieve Universal Health Coverage [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr IS-1.
GP return to practice scheme is launched
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2015)

An updated induction and refresher scheme for GPs returning to clinical practice has been launched, Health Education England (HEE) has announced.1

The scheme, which is supported by the Royal College of General Practitioners, NHS England, and the BMA, is aimed at GPs who have previously been in practice and wish to return. Until now, provision of induction and returner schemes has varied across the UK, and in England the schemes have not been funded centrally since 2006.2

HEE said that the scheme will be funded by the £10m committed by …
PLEURAL EFFUSION IS A SURROGATE MARKER FOR COMPLICATIONS IN TYPE B AORTIC DISSECTIONS: OBSERVATIONS FROM THE INTERNATIONAL REGISTRY OF ACUTE AORTIC DISSECTION (IRAD)
Authors: Benedikt Reutersberg, Santi Trimarchi, Dan Gilon, Clayton Kaiser, Kevin Harris, Sherene Shalhub, T. Brett Reece, Christoph Nienaber, Marek Ehrlich, Eric Isselbacher, Nilto De Oliveira, Daniel Montgomery, Kim Eagle, Valerio Tolva, Edward P. Chen, Hans-Henning Eckstein
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Government is accused of using clinical excellence awards as “a political bargaining chip”
Authors: Helen Jaques
Journal: BMJ (2012)

The BMA has accused the government of holding off publishing the evaluation by the Review Body on Doctors’ and Dentists’ Remuneration (DDRB) of the clinical excellence and distinction award schemes for consultants in the United Kingdom because the association won’t “roll over and agree” with the government on its pension reforms.

The DDRB’s report is due to make recommendations on whether there should be an application round for new national clinical excellence awards in 2012, after the Department of Health recommended that no new awards should be allocated this year ( BMJ Careers , 4 Jun 2011, http://careers.bmj.com/careers/advice/view-article.html?id=20003224). The government has yet to confirm whether local or national awards will in fact go ahead this year, delaying the awards rounds for …
Arnold Maran: otolaryngologist who became known as the “Voice Doctor”
Authors: Ned Stafford
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Arnold Maran will be remembered by many as the “Voice Doctor,” a moniker he earnt for his work optimising the vocal chords of singers and actors—and also of former president of Iraq Saddam Hussein. Maran liked the moniker so much that he used it in the title of his 2005 book, The Voice Doctor: The Story of Singing .1

But Maran’s voice work, which started in the late 1980s, came late in his distinguished medical career. His more important contribution to medicine started nearly 20 years earlier, when he helped pioneer surgery for head and neck cancer in the UK.

In 1972 Maran teamed up with fellow otolaryngologist Philip Stell (read obituary: www.bmj.com/content/329/7470/860.1.full) to publish their popular and esteemed Stell and Maran’s Textbook of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology . An updated fifth edition of the book, with a foreword and an introduction written by Maran, was published in 2012.2

“Without doubt, his single most important clinical contribution was the introduction, with Professor Stell, of a training system for head and neck cancer surgery to the UK,” says Janet Wilson, professor of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery at Newcastle University.

Wilson, who was a clinical and surgical trainee under Maran in Edinburgh, adds: “He was a gifted surgeon and never wary of taking on a new surgical challenge as technology advanced. In addition to his head and neck cancer work, he was a talented facial plastic surgeon and one of the pioneers of endoscopic sinus surgery.”

Maran also was a leader in the surgical …