tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Association between mRNA expression of CD74 and IL10 and risk of ICU-acquired infections: a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Estelle Peronnet, Fabienne Venet, Delphine Maucort-Boulch, Arnaud Friggeri, Martin Cour, Laurent Argaud, Bernard Allaouchiche, Bernard Floccard, Frédéric Aubrun, Thomas Rimmelé, Fabrice Thiolliere, Vincent Piriou, Julien Bohé, Marie-Angélique Cazalis, Véronique Barbalat, Guillaume Monneret, Stéphane Morisset, Julien Textoris, Hélène Vallin, Alexandre Pachot, Alain Lepape
Journal: Intensive Care Medicine (2017)

Intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infections (IAI) result in increased hospital and ICU stay, costs and mortality. To date, no biomarker has shown sufficient evidence and ease of application in clinical routine for the identification of patients at risk of IAI. We evaluated the association of the systemic mRNA expression of two host response biomarkers, CD74 and IL10, with IAI occurrence in a large cohort of ICU patients.ICU patients were prospectively enrolled in a multicenter cohort study. Whole blood was collected on the day of admission (D1) and on day 3 (D3) and day 6 (D6) after admission. Patients were screened daily for IAI occurrence and data were censored after IAI diagnosis. mRNA expression levels of biomarkers were measured using RT-qPCR. Fine and Gray competing risk models were used to assess the association between gene expression and IAI occurrence.A total of 725 patients were analyzed. At least one IAI episode occurred in 137 patients (19%). After adjustment for shock and sepsis status at admission, CD74 and IL10 levels were found to be significantly associated with IAI occurrence [subdistribution hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) 0.67 (0.46-0.97) for CD74 D3/D1 expression ratio and 2.21 (1.63-3.00) for IL10 at D3]. IAI cumulative incidence was significantly different between groups stratified according to CD74 or IL10 expression (Gray tests p < 0.001).Our results suggest that two immune biomarkers, CD74 and IL10, could be relevant tools for the identification of IAI risk in ICU patients.
Identification of a Novel MPL Loss of Function Mutation in a Patient with Cyclic Thrombocytopenia and Characterization of This Syndrome
Authors: Haiyu Zhang, Yu Hou, Rondeep S. Brar, Bing Zhang, Zhenping Chen, Parveen Abidi, Jing Jin, Jason R. Gotlib, James L. Zehnder
Journal: Blood (2016)
Abstract 10273: p53 Promotes Cardiac Aging Through The Inhibition Of Parkin Mediated Mitochondrial Quality Control
Authors: Atsushi Hoshino, Satoaki Matoba, Eri Iwai-Kanai, Maki Katamura, Yoshifumi Okawa, Makoto Ariyoshi, Yuichiro Mita, Hiroaki Matsubara
Journal: Circulation (2011)

Background: The current understanding of the molecular mechanism to keep up mitochondrial integrity provokes interest in the association between aging process and mitochondrial compromise. We inves...
Countering Public Health Threats
Authors: Rebecca Voelker
Journal: JAMA (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
FHL2 Interacts with Iaspp and Impacts the Biological Functions of Leukemia Cells
Authors: Wenting Lu, Tengteng Yu, Shuang Liu, Saisai Li, Shouyun Li, Jia Liu, Haiyan Xing, Zheng Tian, Kejing Tang, Qing Rao, Jianxiang Wang, Min Wang
Journal: Blood (2016)
Long-term outcomes in bladder-preserving patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer comparing radical cystectomy by propensity score-match analysis.
Authors: Hideyasu Matsuyama, Kazuhiro Nagao, Takahiko Hara, Keita Kobayashi
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e15530 Background: Bladder-preserving combined-modality therapy (BPCMT) has become an alternative to radical cystectomy (RC) in selected patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Because of the difficulty of randomized trial, an alternative evaluation may be needed to compare the patient outcome of BPCMT to RC. Methods: 103 MIBC patients ( ≥ cT2N0M0) were consecutively enrolled into our BPCMT trial (ID: UMIN000006363). After extensive trans-urethral resection (TUR), patients were treated either with GC RT regimen (21 pts.; 56Gy plus Gemcitabine 300mg/m2 and CDDP30mg/m2 x 5 cycles), or with CDDP RT regimen (82 pts.; 48.6Gy plus 70mg/m2 CDDP x 3 cycles), followed by additional TUR. Primary and secondary endpoints were recurrence-free and overall survival (OS) as well as adverse event (AE). Patient outcome was compared between PBCMT and RC groups in 120 MIBC patients (60-paird cases by propensity score-match from 103 BPCMT and 305 RC counterparts). Patients’ health-related quality-of-life (QOL) was assessed in selected patients using EORTC QTQ-C 30 with a mean period of 55.3 months after treatment. Results: The median age and follow-up period was 70.8 years, and 4 years, respectively. Patient characteristics were similar between two groups (table). 10 year bladder-intact survival was 80.6%. OS was significantly better in PBCMT than in RC (p = 0.0181), while no significant difference regarding cancer-specific, metastatic-free, recurrence-free survival, or any severe AEs ( ≥ G3) between two groups (table). Concerning QOL, PBCMT group had significantly better global health, economical status and diarrhea symptom scale than RC group, while role functional was significantly better in RC group. Conclusions: This study demonstrated our PBCMT protocol had a comparable or better long-term outcome as well as patients’ QOL than RC. Clinical trial information: UMIN000006363. CRT Cx p value No. pts. 60 60 Mean age (y.o.) 70.9 69.2 0.3203 % PS ≤1 96.5 94.7 0.8437 % cTstage ≥ 3 46.7 46.7 0.9511 % Men 75 83 0.3689 % Non-UC 20 26.7 0.5178 % Tumor Grade 3 85 73.7 0.2366 % pTstage ≥3 28.3 36.7 0.5459 10-Year OS 69.4 51.9 0.0181 10-Year CSS 67.3 64.2 0.197 10-Year MFS 79.2 63.5 0.2479 Any AE ≥Grade3 31.7 18.3 0.1393
Gastric perforation in a 16 year old girl
Authors: Adam Nunn, Nina Jahn, James Hewes, Christopher Wong
Journal: BMJ (2017)

A 16 year old girl presented with sudden onset severe central abdominal and left shoulder pain. She had a history of intermittent generalised abdominal pain associated with early satiety and nausea after eating over the preceding year. On assessment, she was tachycardic at 120 beats/min and had a firm, tender mass in the epigastrium. Blood tests revealed a normocytic anaemia (haemoglobin 84 g/L, normal range 12-16) and a neutrophil count of 15×109 /L (normal range 1.8-8). A plain chest radiograph showed substantial air under the diaphragm, and computed tomography (CT) imaging identified the presence of a large hypodense, heterogeneous mass that almost completely filled the stomach, with leakage of oral contrast into the intra-abdominal space (fig 1⇓). On direct questioning, the patient admitted to a tendency to chew her hair, but claimed she had refrained from this for nearly a year preceding her current presentation.



Fig 1  (A) Erect chest radiograph. (B) Computed tomography image (coronal view) of abdomen and pelvis with oral contrast





### 1. What is the cause of this patient’s presentation?

#### Short answer

Perforation of the stomach secondary to a giant trichobezoar (fig 2⇓).



Fig 2  (A) Erect chest radiograph. (1) Free air under diaphragm. (B) CT coronal view of abdomen and pelvis with oral contrast. (2) Oral contrast seen outside stomach (indicating perforation); (3) Locules of free air …
Interleukin-17A Promotes Lung Tumor Progression through Neutrophil Attraction to Tumor Sites and Mediating Resistance to PD-1 Blockade
Authors: Esra A. Akbay, Shohei Koyama, Yan Liu, Ruben Dries, Lauren E. Bufe, Michael Silkes, MD Maksudul Alam, Dillon M. Magee, Robert Jones, Masahisa Jinushi, Meghana Kulkarni, Julian Carretero, Xiaoen Wang, Tiquella Warner-Hatten, Jillian D. Cavanaugh, Akio Osa, Atsushi Kumanogoh, Gordon J. Freeman, Mark M. Awad, David C. Christiani, Raphael Bueno, Peter S. Hammerman, Glenn Dranoff, Kwok-Kin Wong
Journal: Journal of Thoracic Oncology (2017)

Proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is overexpressed in a subset of patients with lung cancer. We hypothesized that IL-17A promotes a protumorigenic inflammatory phenotype and inhibits antitumor immune responses.We generated bitransgenic mice expressing a conditional IL-17A allele along with conditional KrasG12D and performed immune phenotyping of mouse lungs, a survival analysis, and treatment studies with antibodies either blocking programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) or IL-6 or depleting neutrophils. To support the preclinical findings, we analyzed human gene expression data sets and immune profiled patient lung tumors.Tumors in IL-17:KrasG12D mice grew more rapidly, resulting in a significantly shorter survival as compared with that of KrasG12D mice. IL-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 protein, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 were increased in the lungs of IL17:Kras mice. Time course analysis revealed that levels of tumor-associated neutrophils were significantly increased, and lymphocyte recruitment was significantly reduced in IL17:KrasG12D mice as compared with in KrasG12D mice. In therapeutic studies PD-1 blockade was not effective in treating IL-17:KrasG12D tumors. In contrast, blocking IL-6 or depleting neutrophils with an anti-Ly-6G antibody in the IL17:KrasG12D tumors resulted in a clinical response associated with T-cell activation. In tumors from patients with lung cancer with KRAS mutation we found a correlation between higher levels of IL-17A and colony- stimulating factor 3 and a significant correlation among high neutrophil and lower T-cell numbers.Here we have shown that an increase in a single cytokine, IL-17A, without additional mutations can promote lung cancer growth by promoting inflammation, which contributes to resistance to PD-1 blockade and sensitizes tumors to cytokine and neutrophil depletion.
Association between emergency admission for peptic ulcer bleeding and air pollution: a case-crossover analysis in Hong Kong's elderly population
Authors: Linwei Tian, Hong Qiu, Shengzhi Sun, Hilda Tsang, King-Pan Chan, Wai K Leung
Journal: The Lancet Planetary Health (2017)

Air pollution increases intestinal permeability, alters the gut microbiome, and promotes inflammation, which might contribute towards gastrointestinal bleeding. In the present study, we aim to examine whether short-term elevations in air pollution are associated with increased numbers of emergency hospital admissions for peptic ulcer bleeding in Hong Kong.Daily air pollution (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2·5 μm [PM2·5], nitric oxide [NO2], sulpher dioxide [SO2], and ozone [O3]) data during 2005-10 were collected from the Environmental Protection Department and emergency admission data for peptic ulcer bleeding in elderly people (aged 65 years or older) from the Hospital Authority of Hong Kong. A time stratified case-crossover analysis with conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the excess risk of peptic ulcer bleeding associated with each air pollutant, in single-pollutant and multi-pollutant models. Cardiorespiratory diseases were used as positive controls.8566 emergency admissions for peptic ulcer bleeding were recorded among Hong Kong's elderly population during 2005-10; the daily number of admissions ranged from 0 to 13. An IQR increment of 5-day moving average (lag04) of NO2 concentration (25·8 μg/m3) was associated with a 7·6% (95% CI 2·2-13·2) increase in emergency admissions for peptic ulcer bleeding. Multi-pollutant models confirmed the robustness of the risk estimates for NO2. Other pollutants (PM2·5, SO2, and O3) were not associated with peptic ulcer bleeding admissions.Short-term elevation in ambient NO2 might trigger peptic ulcer bleeding events and increase the risk of emergency admissions for peptic ulcer bleeding in Hong Kong's elderly population. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that air pollution affects not just cardiopulmonary diseases, but also certain diseases of the digestive system.None.
Efficacy and safety of adalimumab every other week versus methotrexate once weekly in children and adolescents with severe chronic plaque psoriasis: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial
Authors: Kim Papp, Diamant Thaçi, Danielle Marcoux, Lisa Weibel, Sandra Philipp, Pierre-Dominique Ghislain, Ian Landells, Peter Hoeger, Carol Kotkin, Kristina Unnebrink, Marieke Seyger, David Williams
Journal: The Lancet (2017)
Gluten-free diet is not recommended for people without celiac disease
Authors: Zosia Kmietowicz
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Gluten is not associated with a risk of coronary heart disease in people without celiac disease—and restricting gluten may result in a low intake of whole grains, which are associated with cardiovascular benefits, a study in The BMJ has found.1

The researchers said that promoting gluten-free diets among people without celiac disease should not be encouraged.

The number of people without celiac disease who avoid gluten has increased in recent years, …
Cost analysis of re-excisions for breast conserving surgery in Central Texas.
Authors: Divya Arora, Salman Hasan, Eneida Male, Raja Abid, Celine Ord, Emilia Dauway
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2015)

e11534 Background: Defining "adequate" margins has long been a source of controversy. Recently, the Society of Surgical Oncology (SSO) & American Society of Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) published a joint consensus statement, recommending "no tumor on ink" as the definition of an adequate margin in both invasive & non-invasive breast cancer. Prior to this definition, approximately 20% of women treated with lumpectomy had to undergo re-excision to attain more clear margins. Re-excisions increase the risk of surgical complications, patient stress, delay in adjuvant therapies, & increase medical costs. The goal of this study was to evaluate the cost of re-excisions in Central Texas. Methods: Billing codes were obtained for patients with early stage breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) who underwent re-excision after either biopsy or lumpectomy from 2008 to the present at our institution. Those that underwent needle localization biopsy followed by re-excision were excluded. A total of 58 patients (17 DCIS, 41 Invasive) underwent lumpectomy followed by re-excision for close margins. Hospital total cost, reimbursement, and operating income were calculated from actual charges and collection associated with these patients. Total cost includes all direct and indirect cost for the facility based on a provider based billing model. Results: The total and average cost of re-excision for all patients was $273,800 & $4721, respectively; all of which would be saved with the new guidelines. The initial lumpectomy cost on average was $5754. Fifty percent of the patients were insured by Medicare, with a total institution loss of $15,665.33 for Medicare patients and an average loss of $540 per re-excision. After re-excision, the rate of seroma formation was 10.3%; no patients were converted to mastectomy. Conclusions: There is a significant cost savings by eliminating re-excision for close margins after lumpectomy. There are about 26,550 re-excisions for close margins annually, which will now be avoided. This would save approximately 125 million dollars annually. The new margin guidelines may decrease re-excision rates, ultimately resulting in cost savings, improved cosmesis & patient satisfaction.
A Novel Platform for Immune Tolerance Induction in Hemophilia A Mice
Authors: Simone Merlin, Elvira Stefania Cannizzo, Ester Borroni, Valentina Bruscaggin, Piercarla Schinco, Warut Tulalamba, Marinee K. Chuah, Valder R. Arruda, Thierry VandenDriessche, Maria Prat, Guido Valente, Antonia Follenzi
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2017)

Hemophilia A (HA) is an X-linked bleeding disease caused by factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency. We previously demonstrated that FVIII is produced specifically in liver sinusoid endothelial cells (LSECs) and to some degree in myeloid cells, and thus, in the present work, we seek to restrict the expression of FVIII transgene to these cells using cell-specific promoters. With this approach, we aim to limit immune response in a mouse model by lentiviral vector (LV)-mediated gene therapy encoding FVIII. To increase the target specificity of FVIII expression, we included miRNA target sequences (miRTs) (i.e., miRT-142.3p, miRT-126, and miRT-122) to silence expression in hematopoietic cells, endothelial cells, and hepatocytes, respectively. Notably, we report, for the first time, therapeutic levels of FVIII transgene expression at its natural site of production, which occurred without the formation of neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors). Moreover, inhibitors were eradicated in FVIII pre-immune mice through a regulatory T cell-dependent mechanism. In conclusion, targeting FVIII expression to LSECs and myeloid cells by using LVs with cell-specific promoter minimized off-target expression and immune responses. Therefore, at least for some transgenes, expression at the physiologic site of synthesis can enhance efficacy and safety, resulting in long-term correction of genetic diseases such as HA.
Implementation of a Physician-Prescribed Exercise Program As Standard of Care in Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant (SCT) Patients (pts) in British Columbia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Alina S. Gerrie, Pamela Plantinga, Kei Nishikawa, Stanley Hung, Jennifer Kadgien, Ben Chernoff, Valerie Burke, David Kendler, Don C McKenzie, Kristin L Campbell, Raewyn Broady
Journal: Blood (2016)
Incidental Diagnosis of a Large Retroperitoneal Urine Accumulation (Urinoma) on an 18F-FDG PET/CT Scan Performed for Primary Staging of Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: André H. Dias, Pia Ipsen, Kirsten Bouchelouche
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2017)

18F-FDG PET/CT performed for primary staging 3 days after ureteroscopy demonstrated a large, unexpected retroperitoneal urinoma in a 62-year-old man with urothelial carcinoma in the right renal pelvis.
Inflammatory signals from photoreceptor modulate pathological retinal angiogenesis via c-Fos
Authors: Ye Sun, Zhiqiang Lin, Chi-Hsiu Liu, Yan Gong, Raffael Liegl, Thomas W. Fredrick, Steven S. Meng, Samuel B. Burnim, Zhongxiao Wang, James D. Akula, William T. Pu, Jing Chen, Lois E.H. Smith
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2017)

Pathological neovessels growing into the normally avascular photoreceptors cause vision loss in many eye diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and macular telangiectasia. Ocular neovascularization is strongly associated with inflammation, but the source of inflammatory signals and the mechanisms by which these signals regulate the disruption of avascular privilege in photoreceptors are unknown. In this study, we found that c-Fos, a master inflammatory regulator, was increased in photoreceptors in a model of pathological blood vessels invading photoreceptors: the very low-density lipoprotein receptor–deficient (Vldlr−/−) mouse. Increased c-Fos induced inflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), leading to activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and increased TNFα–induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) in Vldlr−/− photoreceptors. IL-6 activated the STAT3/vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) pathway directly, and elevated TNFAIP3 suppressed SOCS3 (suppressor of cytokine signaling 3)–activated STAT3/VEGFA indirectly. Inhibition of c-Fos using photoreceptor-specific AAV (adeno-associated virus)-hRK (human rhodopsin kinase)–sh_c-fos or a chemical inhibitor substantially reduced the pathological neovascularization and rescued visual function in Vldlr−/− mice. These findings suggested that the photoreceptor c-Fos controls blood vessel growth into the normally avascular photoreceptor layer through the inflammatory signal–induced STAT3/VEGFA pathway.
Failure of vitamin C and COX-2 inhibitors to protect against oesophageal inflammation in an experimental model of severe reflux
Authors: JO Murphy, N Ravi, PJ Byrne, GSA McDonald, JV Reynolds
Journal: Endoscopy (2005)

Background: Inflammation and oxidative stress caused by the chronic reflux of acid and bile result in progressive oesophageal injury, from reflux oesophagitis through Barrett's metaplasia to adenocarcinoma. Antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents show promise in preventing the progression of this sequence.