tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Intensive Blood Pressure Control on Gait Speed and Mobility Limitation for Older Adults
Authors: Yu Zhang, Xiaoming Huang, Lvlin Chen
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Deciphering the Origin and Evolution of Hepatitis B Viruses by Means of a Family of Non-enveloped Fish Viruses
Authors: Chris Lauber, Stefan Seitz, Simone Mattei, Alexander Suh, Jürgen Beck, Jennifer Herstein, Jacob Börold, Walter Salzburger, Lars Kaderali, John A.G. Briggs, Ralf Bartenschlager
Journal: Cell Host & Microbe (2017)

Hepatitis B viruses (HBVs), which are enveloped viruses with reverse-transcribed DNA genomes, constitute the family Hepadnaviridae. An outstanding feature of HBVs is their streamlined genome organization with extensive gene overlap. Remarkably, the ∼1,100 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding the envelope proteins is fully nested within the ORF of the viral replicase P. Here, we report the discovery of a diversified family of fish viruses, designated nackednaviruses, which lack the envelope protein gene, but otherwise exhibit key characteristics of HBVs including genome replication via protein-primed reverse-transcription and utilization of structurally related capsids. Phylogenetic reconstruction indicates that these two virus families separated more than 400 million years ago before the rise of tetrapods. We show that HBVs are of ancient origin, descending from non-enveloped progenitors in fishes. Their envelope protein gene emerged de novo, leading to a major transition in viral lifestyle, followed by co-evolution with their hosts over geologic eras.
Reversion Mutations with Clinical Use of PARP Inhibitors: Many Genes, Many Versions
Authors: Susan M. Domchek
Journal: Cancer Discovery (2017)

Abstract Summary: Reversion mutations associated with PARP inhibitor resistance have been identified in tumors with RAD51C, RAD51D, and PALB2 as well as BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Multiple different reversion mutations can occur in a single patient, and they can be detected by analysis of circulating cell-free DNA. Cancer Discov; 7(9); 937–9. ©2017 AACR. See related article by Kondrashova et al., p. 984. See related article by Quigley et al., p. 999. See related article by Goodall et al., p. 1006.
Creating a model of best practice: the match day emergency action protocol
Authors: Rohi Shah, Anik Dean Chatterjee, John Wilson
Journal: British Journal of Sports Medicine (2017)

Emergency action protocols are a critical part of ensuring athlete safety during training and competition. An emergency action protocol enables any emergency aid provider, given adequate practice and preparation, to safely deal with most emergency clinical scenarios. When circumstances arise that are out of the conventional norm, employing a systematic approach is essential. One such approach to assess and treat athletes with serious or life-threatening injuries is airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure (A–E). These are the fundamental principle of emergency care taught in most sports-based resuscitation and emergency aid courses, such as The Footbal Association (FA) -Advanced Medical Management in Football course, Immediate Care in Sport course, and Emergency Medical Management in Individual and Team Sports course.1–3 Attending such courses is often a prerequisite prior to working in a sporting environment.

Sports clinicians do not deal with limb or life-threatening injuries on a daily basis as athletes are normally considered the healthiest cohort of the general population. Therefore, when dangerous clinical situations and pathologies do unexpectedly arise, human error, panic, inexperience of care providers, inadequate equipment, insufficient staff or simply poor planning and preparation can lead …
α‐MSHにより後シナプス調節される迅速作用グルタミン酸作動性ARC‐PVH満腹回路
Authors: Fenselau Henning, Campbell John N, Verstegen Anne M J, Madara Joseph C, Xu Jie, Shah Bhavik P, Resch Jon M, Yang Zongfang, Mandelblat‐Cerf Yael, Livneh Yoav, Lowell BRadford B
Journal: Nature Neuroscience (2017)
Grand Rounds--Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, Birmingham: Systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: P Cockwell
Journal: BMJ (1997)

Systemic lupus erythematosus is an idiopathic autoimmune disease. Studies based on hospital outpatient populations suggest a prevalence of 20-30/100 000, but recent community based pilot studies suggest that this figure may be as high as 200/100 000.1 The peak age of presentation in Britain is 30-40 years, with a female:male ratio of 9:1. The clinical course in most patients is one of relapses and remissions. Renal involvement occurs in up to 75% of cases, and its treatment presents a major therapeutic challenge. In addition, a substantial proportion of cases are associated with an antiphospholipid antibody syndrome with recurrent thromboses and fetal loss. We present a case of systemic lupus erythematosus with coexisting glomerulonephritis and an antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.

In 1991 a previously healthy 21 year old woman presented to her local hospital with a swollen right leg. She smoked 20 cigarettes a day and took the contraceptive pill. Doppler ultrasonography confirmed a deep vein thrombosis in the right leg, and she received anticoagulation with warfarin for three months. She stopped taking the contraceptive pill but continued to smoke. In May 1995 she developed a deep vein thrombosis in the left leg and again received anticoagulants for three months. Shortly after this admission she developed a facial rash and arthralgia of the small joints of the hands. There were no other systemic symptoms. On clinical examination the only notable findings were a classic malar facial rash and tenderness and swelling of the small joints of the hand.

Investigation results included an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 38 mm in the first hour, antinuclear antibody titre of 1:1600, anti-double stranded DNA levels of 202 kU/l (normal range 0-75), and hypocomplementaemia (C3, 0.65 g/l (0.75-1.75 g/l), C4, 0.05 g/l (0.14-0.54 g/l)). IgM anticardiolipin antibodies, a subset of antiphospholipid antibodies, were strongly positive at …
Association of Insurance Gains and Losses With Access to Prescription Drugs
Authors: K. Robin Yabroff, James Kirby, Marc Zodet
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2017)

Association of Insurance Gains and Losses With Access to Prescription DrugsPrescription drugs can effectively treat many diseases, improving quality of life, life expectancy, and population health.However, prescription drug spending has been rising rapidly in the United States 1 resulting in concerns about affordability and patient access.Health insurance is strongly associated with prescription drug access in cross-sectional studies, 2,3 but estimates may partly reflect differences between individuals with and without insurance, rather than effects of insurance coverage.To address this limitation, we used longitudinal data from the nationally representative Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) to assess the effects of insurance gains and losses on prescription drug access.
Transient apoptosis inhibition in donor stem cells improves hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Matthias Kollek, Gesina Voigt, Christian Molnar, Fabronia Murad, Daniela Bertele, Christopher Felix Krombholz, Sheila Bohler, Verena Labi, Stefan Schiller, Mirjam Kunze, Stephan Geley, Charlotte M. Niemeyer, Ana Garcia-Saez, Miriam Erlacher
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (2017)

During hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a substantial number of donor cells are lost because of apoptotic cell death. Transplantation-associated apoptosis is mediated mainly by the proapoptotic BCL-2 family proteins BIM and BMF, and their proapoptotic function is conserved between mouse and human stem and progenitor cells. Permanent inhibition of apoptosis in donor cells caused by the loss of these BH3-only proteins improves transplantation outcome, but recipients might be exposed to increased risk of lymphomagenesis or autoimmunity. Here, we address whether transient inhibition of apoptosis can serve as a safe but efficient alternative to improve the outcome of stem cell transplantation. We show that transient apoptosis inhibition by short-term overexpression of prosurvival BCL-XL, known to block BIM and BMF, is not only sufficient to increase the viability of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells during engraftment but also improves transplantation outcome without signs of adverse pathologies. Hence, this strategy represents a promising and novel therapeutic approach, particularly under conditions of limited donor stem cell availability.
ROS媒介抗癌ドラッグデリバリーのためのin situ二セレン化橋かけ重合体ミセル【Powered by NICT】
Authors: V G Deepagan, Kwon Seunglee, You Dong Gil, Nguyen Van Quy, Um Wooram, Ko Hyewon, Lee Hansang, Jo Dong-Gyu, Kang Young Mo, Park Jae Hyung
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)
Fostering research into antimicrobial resistance in India
Authors: Bhabatosh Das, Susmita Chaudhuri, Rahul Srivastava, G Balakrish Nair, Thandavarayan Ramamurthy
Journal: BMJ (2017)

Bhabatosh Das and colleagues discuss research and development of new antimicrobials and rapid diagnostics, which are crucial for tackling antimicrobial resistance in India #### Key messages India is among the world's largest consumers of antibiotics.1 The efficacy of several antibiotics is threatened by the emergence of resistant microbial pathogens. Multiple factors, such as a high burden of disease, poor public health infrastructure, rising incomes, and unregulated sales of cheap antibiotics, have amplified the crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in India.2 The Global Action Plan on AMR emphasises the need to increase knowledge through surveillance and research.3Box 1 provides examples of global research into AMR and its impact. Most research into AMR is carried out in developed countries. This includes research into the biology of resistant pathogens,1112 mechanisms of AMR,131415 natural sources of AMR,1617 development of new antimicrobials from uncultured bacteria,18 expanding the chemical diversity of existing antimicrobials,19 resensitising resistant pathogens against available antibiotics,20 and development of non-antibiotic agents as substitutes.21Table 1⇓ outlines the scope of research into AMR and the importance of the different areas of research. #### Box 1: Examples of the impact of antimicrobial resistance research and interventions globally
Hepatic Changes and Subcutaneous and Pulmonary Tumors Induced by Subcutaneous Injection of 3,4,5,6-Dibenzcarbazole
Authors: H. B. Andervont, Jesse E. Edwards
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (1941)

Hepatic Changes and Subcutaneous and Pulmonary Tumors Induced by Subcutaneous Injection of 3,4,5,6-Dibenzcarbazole Get access H. B. Andervont, H. B. Andervont principal biologist Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jesse E. Edwards Jesse E. Edwards research fellow National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 2, Issue 2, October 1941, Pages 139–149, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/2.2.139 Published: 01 October 1941
Spirometrically Confirmed Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Worsens Long-Term Prognosis after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Pere Almagro, Alex De la Sierra, Eva Acosta, Annie Navarro, Maria E. Garcia, Sandra Valdivieso, Tatiana Castañeda, Alvar Agustí
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2017)
低用量ゲムシタビンを負荷した脂質ナノカプセルは単球性骨髄由来サプレッサー細胞を標的とし,癌免疫療法を増強する【Powered by NICT】
Authors: Sasso Maria Stella, Lollo Giovanna, Pitorre Marion, Solito Samantha, Pinton Laura, Valpione Sara, Bastiat Guillaume, Mandruzzato Susanna, Bronte Vincenzo, Marigo Ilaria, Benoit Jean-Pierre
Journal: Biomaterials (2016)
Relationship between ST segment elevation after acute myocardial infarction and microvascular reperfusion injury evaluated with myocardial contrast echocardiography
Authors: P Colonna, Ah Seleem, M Orrù, C Cadeddu, R Montisci, Lj Chen, E Onnis, L Meloni, S Iliceto
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2001)
Re: Silke Gillessen, Gerhardt Attard, Tomasz M. Beer, et al. Management of Patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer: The Report of the Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference APCCC 2017. Eur Urol 2018;73:178–211
Authors: Finn E. von Eyben, Irene Virgolini, Giandomenico Roviello
Journal: European Urology (2017)
AB0136 Microparticles from sle patients are a source of interferon-alpha
Authors: F Miranda, C Barbati, FR Spinelli, F Ceccarelli, S Truglia, C Alessandri, G Valesini, F Conti
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

<h3>Background</h3> Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototype of systemic autoimmune disorders. In the late 1970s, increased serum levels of interferon (IFN) were shown for the first time to be significantly associated with SLE and to correlate with disease activity. IFNα is a pleiotropic cytokine that can affect multiple cell types involved in lupus.Plasmacytoid dendritic cells have a special role in the production of IFN and are the main sources of serum interferon. IFN has the potential to dramatically influence the development, progression, and pathogenesis of SLE as it can influence the function and activation state of most major immune cell subsets and function as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity.Lupus-prone mouse models, indicates that the type I interferon system may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of several lupus and associated clinical features, such as nephritis, neuropsychiatric and cutaneous lupus.Circulating microparticles (MPs) are ubiquitous in the blood of healthy individuals, These MPs play an active role in coagulation and intercellular communication and assist in activation or suppression of the immune system, depending on their parental cell origin. Changes in the concentration and/or composition of circulating microparticles have been described in various autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) systemic sclerosis (SSc) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). For SLE, the reported microparticle-related changes remain somewhat inconclusive. <h3>Objectives</h3> To better understand the role of MPs in SLE patients, we analyzed the presence of interferon alpha on MPs surface. <h3>Methods</h3> MPs were isolated from citrate-treated plasma; blood cells were removed by two steps of centrifugation process (2500g for 15min at 20 C two time). The resulting platelet-poor-plasma (PPP), was analyzed by flow cytometry with specific antibody against IFN alpha <h3>Results</h3> 20 consecutive SLE patients (10 with active lupus nephritis) and 10 sex- and age-matched healthy control subjects were included in the study. We found that MPs from SLE patients carry on their surface IFN alpha.Moreover, the percentage IFNalpha + MPs was higher in SLE patients and in lupus nephritis patients than in HC, but there was not significant difference between patients with and without renal involvement. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The results of the present study show for the first time the presence of IFN alpha on MPs surface.We may assume that INF+ MPs derive from dendritic cells. In lupus nephritis patients the increased recruitment of dendritic cells was at tubular interstitial level, with subsequent IFN alpha production. Interestingly, MPs (containing RNA and DNA) could stimulate type I IFN production in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and MPs releasing. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Prediction of individual tamoxifen activation in breast cancer patients.
Authors: Milena Gusella, Laura Bertolaso, Anna Paola Fraccon, Carmen Barile, Anna Rizzi, Sabrina Carturan, Caterina Modonesi, Cristina Ghiotto, Giorgio Crepaldi, Marta Mion, Romana Segati, Robeto Padrini, Silvia Toso, Marta Zaninelli, Monica Ramello, Ottaviano Tomassi, Marcello Magazu', Nadia Minicuci, Franco Bassan, Felice Pasini
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2013)

e13514 Background: Endoxifen (EN), the main active metabolite of tamoxifen (T), reaches steady state (SS) plasma levels after about 4 months of administration. It derives principally by cytochrome CYP2D6 activity, which is highly variable among patients. In order to predict individual SS EN exposure, three different approaches were investigated. Methods: Before starting T administration, 73 breast cancer patients (median age: 59 yrs, range: 30-89) were characterized by means of: 1) a phenotyping test of CYP2D6 activity, based on the urinary metabolic ratio of dextromethorphan/dextrorphan (log transformed, LMR). 2) CYP2D6 genotyping (alleles *1, *3, *4, *5, *6, *9, *10, *41), to classify patients in 3 functional groups: Extensive (EM), Intermediate (IM) and Poor (PM) Metabolizers. After starting T treatment (20mg/day), EN plasma levels were measured after 1 month (1M EN, pre- steady state) and 4 months of therapy (SS EN). ANOVA, paired and unpaired T test and linear regressions were performed to analyze associations between LMR, CYP2D6 genotype, 1M EN and SS EN. Multivariate linear regression was used to create a predictive equation; its mean prediction and absolute errors (MPE% and MAE%) and the positive and negative predictive values (PPV% and NPV%, according to median SS EN) were calculated. Results: SS EN plasma levels varied between 2.4 and 39.2 (median: 8.7) ng/ml. LMR (median: -1.6; range: -3.1- +1.2) showed a significant linear correlation with SS EN (r=-0.59; p&lt;0.0001). CYP2D6 genotypes (EM=35.6%; IM=50.7%; PM=13.7%) were significantly associated with SS EN (ANOVA, p&lt;0.0001). First month EN plasma levels (median: 5.9 ng/mL; range:1.2-27 ng/ml) were significantly lower than (p&lt;0.0001), and correlated (r=0.87; p&lt;0.0001) with, SS EN. Multiple regression analysis including age, LMR, CYP2D6 genotypes and 1M EN gave the following predictive equation: SS EN= 0.055-1.53 x LMR + 1.11 x 1M EN; (r=0.88; p&lt;0.0001). MPE was 4.1% and MAE was 30%; PPV was 88.5% and NPV was 84.6%. Conclusions: Individual EN exposition at steady state can be reliably predicted by measuring baseline CYP2D6 activity, through the log (dextromethorphan/dextrorphan) metabolic ratio, and EN plasma concentration after 1 month of tamoxifen treatment. Funded by Regione Veneto. Clinical trial information: 532.
Abstract 12634: The Association of 24-hour Holter-Derived Heart Rate Variability With Incident Heart Failure in the Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Vaiibhav N Patel, Brian Pierce, Rohan Bodapati, David L Brown, Diane Ives, Phyllis K Stein
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: Abnormal heart rate variability (HRV) has been used to predict multiple adverse cardiovascular outcomes but not the development of congestive heart failure (CHF). We hypothesized that the addition of Holter-based HRV parameters to an existing CHF clinical risk model would improve its ability to identify older adults at an increased risk of CHF in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Methods: The Health ABC Heart Failure (Health ABC) score is a clinically based CHF prediction tool that has been validated in the CHS. Asymptomatic CHS participants with interpretable 24-hour baseline Holter recordings were included (N=1,401). Holter-based HRV measures and premature ventricular contraction (PVC) counts were compared between participants with (N=260) and without (N=1,141) incident CHF on follow up. Significantly different parameters between groups were added to the components of the Health ABC score using stepwise Cox regression. Results: Participants who developed CHF were more likely to be older, male, and have left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and coronary artery disease (CAD). They were also more likely to have a higher body mass index, baseline heart rate, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose and creatinine. The final prediction model included all components of the Health ABC score (age, creatinine, albumin, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, LVH, smoking and CAD), ln (PVCs+1) (Hazard Ratio [HR]=1.12; 95% CI, 1.06-1.19; p&lt;0.001) and the following HRV measures: abnormal heart rate turbulence onset (HR=1.52; 95% CI, 1.11-2.08; p=0.009), decreased short-term fractal scaling exponent (HR=0.27; 95% CI, 0.14-0.53; p&lt;0.001), increased ln (very low frequency power) (HR=1.27; 95% CI, 1.01-1.60; p=0.039) and decreased coefficient of variance of NN intervals (HR=0.94; 95% CI, 0.90-0.99; p=0.01). The C-statistic for the final model was significantly improved over the Health ABC model alone (0.77 vs. 0.73, p=0.0002). Conclusion: Abnormal HRV parameters were significant and independent predictors of incident CHF in asymptomatic, older adults. When combined with increased PVCs, these measures improved the predictive power of the Health ABC score in identifying CHS participants at an increased risk of developing CHF.