tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
FRI0075 Risk of hepatitis b infection reactivation in rheumatic diseases patients treated with anti-cd20 therapy
Authors: M. Fornaro, G. Lopalco, V. Venerito, M. Barone, L. Cantarini, C. Fabiani, G. Emmi, E. Silvestri, G. Lapadula, F. Iannone
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

<h3>Background</h3> It has been widely established that the risk of hepatitis B reactivation is high in haematological patients receiving ANTI-CD20 therapy. For these patients the use of prophylaxis with antiretroviral drugs is recommended, and the same approach is also advocated in patients affected with rheumatic diseases, although the real risk seems to be lower. <h3>Objectives</h3> To evaluate the risk of HBV infection reactivation in patients with rheumatic diseases undergoing treatment with ANTI-CD20 therapy. <h3>Methods</h3> Retrieved data including demographical, therapeutic and clinical features as well as serological data were collected in 92 patients with different rheumatic diseases who underwent treatment with ANTI-CD20 from January 2009 to December 2016. Occult HBV infection at baseline (HBsAg negative, anti-HBcAg positive with or without anti-HBsAg and undetectable HBV-DNA) was observed in 25 patients (18 rheumatoid arthritis, 4 vasculitis, 2 systemic sclerosis and 1 dermatomyositis), none of them was treated with antiretroviral prophylaxis. HBV-DNA value was recorded at least every year, whereas HBsAg together with anti-HBsAg every six months and ALT every three months. <h3>Results</h3> During the whole observation period (mean time 39.28±26.6 months) none of the 25 patients (mean age 58.64±8.58 years; 68% women) had hepatitis B reactivation or HBsAg seroreversion. During the evaluated period 2 patients dropped out therapy, 1 stopped treatment for adverse event and 1 for ineffectiveness. After 70 months of therapy 1 patient presented low fluctuation of HBV-DNA title (13 IU/ml), that spontaneously returned negative after 3 months without therapeutic changes. In addition 1 patients shown an ALT increase unrelated to HBV reactivation. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In line with previous data, our experience suggests that the risk of hepatitis B reactivation in rheumatic patients undergoing treatment with ANTI-CD20 combined with sDMARD is very low. The regular monitoring of transaminases and hepatitis markers (HBsAg, antiHBsAg and HBV-DNA) during treatment has to be preferred to universal prophylaxis. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Olmutinib (HM61713) reversed multidrug resistance by inhibiting the activity of ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhiqiang Zhang, Xiaoran Guo, Kenneth K.W. To, Zhen Chen, Xiaona Fang, Min Luo, Chunling Ma, Jianhua Xu, Shirong Yan, Liwu Fu
Journal: Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B (2018)

Overexpressing of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters is the essential cause of multidrug resistance (MDR), which is a significant hurdle to the success of chemotherapy in many cancers. Therefore, inhibiting the activity of ABC transporters may be a logical approach to circumvent MDR. Olmutinib is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), which has been approved in South Korea for advanced EGFR T790M-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we found that olmutinib significantly increased the sensitivity of chemotherapy drug in ABCG2-overexpressing cells. Furthermore, olmutinib could also increase the retention of doxorubicin (DOX) and rhodamine 123 (Rho 123) in ABC transporter subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2)-overexpressing cells. In addition, olmutinib was found to stimulate ATPase activity and inhibit photolabeling of ABCG2 with [125I]-iodoarylazidoprazosin (IAAP). However, olmutinib neither altered ABCG2 expression at protein and mRNA levels nor blocked EGFR, Her-2 downstream signaling of AKT and ERK. Importantly, olmutinib enhanced the efficacy of topotecan on the inhibition of S1-MI-80 cell xenograft growth. All the results suggest that olmutinib reverses ABCG2-mediated MDR by binding to ATP bind site of ABCG2 and increasing intracellular chemotherapeutic drug accumulation. Our findings encouraged to further clinical investigation on combination therapy of olmutinib with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs in ABCG2-overexpressing cancer patients.
THU0468 Serum angiogenesis biomarkers predict disease outcome in giant cell arteritis
Authors: Y. van Sleen, M. Sandovici, W. Abdulahad, J. Bijzet, A. Boots, E. Brouwer
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

<h3>Background</h3> Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is characterised by inflammation of the medium and large vessels. Two forms of GCA are described, C(cranial)-GCA and LV(large vessel)-GCA, which can be present either separately or co-exist in a patient. Clinical features, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are used for disease diagnosis and monitoring, but are not disease specific. Relapses are common during and after treatment, therefore new biomarkers are needed for diagnosis and disease course prediction. <h3>Objectives</h3> As the majority of infiltrating cells in in the vessels of GCA patients are macrophages the aim of this project was to identify and compare levels of macrophage products in the serum of GCA patients as potential biomarkers. <h3>Methods</h3> Forty-one newly diagnosed GCA patients (temporal artery biopsy proven C-GCA and FDG-PET scan-positive LV-GCA) were recruited before start of glucocorticoids. Disease course was monitored and time to glucocorticoid treatment free remission was documented. Thirty age- and sex matched healthy controls (HCs) and 13 infection controls (bladder or lung infection) were also included. Serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)−6, serum amyloid A (SAA), soluble CD163 (sCD163), calprotectin, YKL-40 (human cartilage glycoprotein-39), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and angiopoietin-1 and 2 were determined by ELISA or Luminex assay. <h3>Results</h3> IL-6, SAA, sCD163, calprotectin, YKL-40, VEGF and angiopoietin-2 levels are increased in GCA and infection controls compared to HCs. IL-6 levels correlated strongly with CRP, ESR and SAA, all markers of the Acute Phase Response (APR), in GCA. Interestingly, YKL-40, angiopoietin-2 and calprotectin levels showed only weak or no correlation with APR biomarkers, while they were strongly correlated with the APR in infection controls. Monocytes in peripheral blood correlated with APR biomarkers in GCA, whereas neutrophils correlated with the APR in infection controls. Patients with overlapping C-GCA and LV-GCA displayed a significantly stronger APR than patients with C-GCA or LV-GCA alone. High VEGF and angiopoietin-1, but low angiopoietin-2 levels at baseline predicted a shorter time to treatment free remission. This is in contrast to markers of the APR, which did not significantly predict time to treatment free remission. <h3>Conclusions</h3> In this study, we show that markers of angiogenesis are better predictors of disease outcome than APR biomarkers. It appears that levels of calprotectin, YKL40 and angiopoietin-2 are increased through other than APR pathways during GCA compared to acute infection. Monocytes rather than neutrophils appear to drive the APR in GCA. This response is stronger in GCA patients with both cranial and systemic symptoms. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
AB0337 Assessment of nutritional status in women with rheumatoid arthritis measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
Authors: D. Reina, C. Gómez Vaquero, J.M. Nolla
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

<h3>Background</h3> As many other chronic diseases, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been related to an impairment of the nutritional status of multifactorial etiology. Even if Body Mass Index (BMI) has traditionally been used, it is not always a valid method, and there are still lots of questions without answer in how to evaluate ideally the nutritional status in these patients. Only very few studies had evaluated it by Dual Energy X Ray Absorptiometry (DXA). <h3>Objectives</h3> 1) To evaluate the nutritional status in women with RA and to compare with a population of same age women without RA using DXA for the analysis of whole body composition, 2) differences between the prevalence of alterations of the nutritional status measured by DXA and by the classical methods used in clinical care, 3) relation of RA time of evolution, inflammatory activity, physical function and dietary intake on altered nutritional status evaluated by DXA. <h3>Methods</h3> Case-control study including 89 patients that were diagnosed with RA and a control group (100) composed by patients affected by other non-inflammatory rheumatic diseases as soft tissue diseases. All the clinical charts were revised in order to record the following data: age, BMI, RA duration, history, activity and disability, serum albumin, Dietary intake, Whole body DXA assessment and Skeletal muscle index (SMI). <h3>Results</h3> Mean age of patients was 62±8 years. Mean duration of RA was 13.7±9.3 years. Mean DAS28 was 3.7±1.4 and mean Health Assessment Questionnaire was 0.88±0.77. BMI of the patients was 27.43±5.16 and 27.78±3.98 in controls (p: ns). Albumin was within normal range in all patients. RA patients presented a statistically significant lower lean mass than controls in all locations and lower fat mass in limbs, along with a higher fat trunk. RA duration was found to be inversely correlated to BMI and lean mass and directly correlated with fat mass. Neither BMI nor albumin correlated with DXA parameters. RA patients fulfilled criteria of sarcopenia in 44% of de cases vs 19% of controls (p&lt;0,001). In RA patients, regarding SMI, BMI showed a high specificity to detect sarcopenia (94% of the patients with low BMI had sarcopenia) but low sensitivity (47% of the patients with normal or overweight BMI had sarcopenia). <h3>Conclusions</h3> RA patients have an impairment of nutritional status associated to time of evolution that resembles sarcopenia and that is not predicted by BMI. <h3>Disclosure of Interest</h3> None declared
Association between Breslow thickness and dermoscopic findings in acral melanoma
Authors: Je-Ho Mun, Gwanghyun Jo, Claudia C. Darmawan, Jin Park, Jung Min Bae, HyunJu Jin, Woo-Il Kim, Hoon-Soo Kim, Hyun-Chang Ko, Byung-Soo Kim, Moon-Bum Kim
Journal: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (2018)
Guideline: The AHA/ASA made 217 recommendations for early management of acute ischemic stroke in adults
Authors: Adam G. Kelly, Robert G. Holloway
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

Source Citation Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, et al; American Heart Association Stroke Council. 2018 guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2018;49:e46-110. 29367334
Transmission potential of modified measles during an outbreak, Japan, March‒May 2018
Authors: Kenji Mizumoto, Tetsuro Kobayashi, Gerardo Chowell
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2018)

A recent outbreak of measles in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan ended with 33 measles cases whose symptoms were masked because of insufficient protection against the disease (modified measles). Using quantitative modelling, we determined the transmission potential of measles by clinical presentation (classic vs modified measles). We found low ascertainment probabilities among modified measles cases, indicating that intensified public health interventions that specifically target this group should be implemented to better contain outbreaks with modified measles cases.
Dynamics and predicted drug response of a gene network linking dedifferentiation with beta-catenin dysfunction in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Claude Gérard, Mickaël Di-Luoffo, Léolo Gonay, Stefano Caruso, Gabrielle Couchy, Axelle Loriot, Darko Castven, Junyan Tao, Katarzyna Konobrocka, Sabine Cordi, Satdarshan P. Monga, Emmanuel Hanert, Jens U. Marquardt, Jessica Zucman-Rossi, Frédéric P. Lemaigre
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2019)
Personalised nutrition and health
Authors: Jose M Ordovas, Lynnette R Ferguson, E Shyong Tai, John C Mathers
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Jose Ordovas and colleagues consider that nutrition interventions tailored to individual characteristics and behaviours have promise but more work is needed before they can deliver Dietary factors are well recognised contributors to common diseases, including heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and cancer.123 Despite the known link between dietary patterns and disease, interventions to alter dietary habits and to improve public health and wellbeing have had limited impact. Personalisation of interventions may be more effective in changing behaviour4 that will affect health outcomes.5 In this article we consider the evidence for personalised nutrition. There is no agreed definition of personalised nutrition. For the purposes of this review, we define it as an approach that uses information on individual characteristics to develop targeted nutritional advice, products, or services. Gibney et al6 describe it as an approach that “assists individuals in achieving a lasting dietary behaviour change that is beneficial for health.” Personalised nutrition partially overlaps with related terms such as precision nutrition, nutrigenomics, nutrigenetics, nutritional genomics, etc (box 1). Box 1 ### Descriptors and definitions In common with other scientific fields in their early development, multiple concepts and descriptors are used in personalised nutrition, sometimes without rigorous definition. In addition to the term personalised nutrition, many other terms are used—for example, precision nutrition, stratified nutrition, tailored nutrition, and individually tailored nutrition. We have attempted to group the descriptors as follows: • Stratified and tailored nutrition are similar (if not synonymous). These approaches attempt to group individuals with shared characteristics and to deliver nutritional intervention/advice that is suited to each group • Personalised nutrition and individually tailored nutrition mean similar things and go a step further by attempting to deliver nutritional intervention/advice suited to each individual • Precision nutrition is the most ambitious of the descriptors. It suggests that it is … RETURN TO TEXT
Normothermic Preservation Poised to Change Organ Transplants
Authors: Jennifer Abbasi
Journal: JAMA (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Screening for Cardiovascular Disease Risk With Electrocardiography
Authors: Susan J. Curry, Alex H. Krist, Douglas K. Owens, Michael J. Barry, Aaron B. Caughey, Karina W. Davidson, Chyke A. Doubeni, John W. Epling, Alex R. Kemper, Martha Kubik, C. Seth Landefeld, Carol M. Mangione, Michael Silverstein, Melissa A. Simon, Chien-Wen Tseng, John B. Wong
Journal: JAMA (2018)

<h3>Importance</h3> Cardiovascular disease (CVD), which encompasses atherosclerotic conditions such as coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease, is the most common cause of death among adults in the United States. Treatment to prevent CVD events by modifying risk factors is currently informed by CVD risk assessment with tools such as the Framingham Risk Score or the Pooled Cohort Equations, which stratify individual risk to inform treatment decisions. <h3>Objective</h3> To update the 2012 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for coronary heart disease with electrocardiography (ECG). <h3>Evidence Review</h3> The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on whether screening with resting or exercise ECG improves health outcomes compared with the use of traditional CVD risk assessment alone in asymptomatic adults. <h3>Findings</h3> For asymptomatic adults at low risk of CVD events (individuals with a 10-year CVD event risk less than 10%), it is very unlikely that the information from resting or exercise ECG (beyond that obtained with conventional CVD risk factors) will result in a change in the patient’s risk category as assessed by the Framingham Risk Score or Pooled Cohort Equations that would lead to a change in treatment and ultimately improve health outcomes. Possible harms are associated with screening with resting or exercise ECG, specifically the potential adverse effects of subsequent invasive testing. For asymptomatic adults at intermediate or high risk of CVD events, there is insufficient evidence to determine the extent to which information from resting or exercise ECG adds to current CVD risk assessment models and whether information from the ECG results in a change in risk management and ultimately reduces CVD events. As with low-risk adults, possible harms are associated with screening with resting or exercise ECG in asymptomatic adults at intermediate or high risk of CVD events. <h3>Conclusions and Recommendation</h3> The USPSTF recommends against screening with resting or exercise ECG to prevent CVD events in asymptomatic adults at low risk of CVD events. (D recommendation) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening with resting or exercise ECG to prevent CVD events in asymptomatic adults at intermediate or high risk of CVD events. (I statement)
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Is the Fastest Growing Cause of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Liver Transplant Candidates
Authors: Zobair Younossi, Maria Stepanova, Janus P. Ong, Ira M. Jacobson, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Ajay Duseja, Yuichiro Eguchi, Vincent W. Wong, Francesco Negro, Yusuf Yilmaz, Manuel Romero-Gomez, Jacob George, Aijaz Ahmed, Robert Wong, Issah Younossi, Mariam Ziayee, Arian Afendy
Journal: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (2018)
Tβ4 Increases Neovascularization and Cardiac Function in Chronic Myocardial Ischemia of Normo- and Hypercholesterolemic Pigs
Authors: Tilman Ziegler, Andrea Bähr, Andrea Howe, Katharina Klett, Wira Husada, Christian Weber, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz, Christian Kupatt, Rabea Hinkel
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2018)

Translations of new therapeutic options for cardiovascular disease from animal studies into a clinical setting have been hampered, in part by an improper reflection of a relevant patient population in animal models. In this study, we investigated the impact of thymosin β4 (Tβ4), which promotes collateralization and capillarization, during hypercholesterolemia, a known risk factor of coronary artery disease. Initial in vitro results highlighted an improved endothelial cell function upon Tβ4 treatment under control conditions and during hypercholesterolemic stress (scratch area [pixels]: oxidized low-density lipoprotein [oxLDL], 191,924 ± 7,717; and oxLDL + Tβ4, 105,621 ± 11,245). To mimic the common risk factor of hypercholesterolemia in vivo, pigs on regular (NC) or high-fat (HC) diet underwent chronic myocardial ischemia followed by recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated transduction of Tβ4 or LacZ as a control. We show that Tβ4 overexpression improves capillarization and collateralization (collaterals: NC + rAAV.LacZ, 2.1 ± 0.5; NC + rAAV.Tβ4, 6.7 ± 0.5; HC + rAAV.LacZ, 3.0 ± 0.3; and HC + rAAV.Tβ4, 6.0 ± 0.4), ultimately leading to an improved myocardial function in both diet groups (ejection fraction [EF] at day 56 [%]: NC + rAAV.LacZ, 26 ± 1.1; NC + rAAV.Tβ4, 45 ± 1.5; HC + rAAV.LacZ, 26 ± 2.5; and HC + rAAV.Tβ4, 41 ± 2.6). These results demonstrate the potency of Tβ4 in a patient-relevant large animal model of chronic myocardial ischemia.
Abstracts 1080-1310
Journal: Hepatology (2009)

Introduction: We sought to assess the efficacy of proteomic serum profiling and machine learning statistical models to detect significant liver fibrosis (Ishak stage >1) in patients with chronic liver disease.Methods: Patients undergoing biopsy for staging of liver disease, patients with clinical evidence of cirrhosis and relevant control subjects were recruited prospectively.Serum was separated and frozen within two hours of venesection.Serum proteomic spectra were obtained in triplicate with surface enhanced laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry (SELDI MS) on complementary array surfaces.Peaks were detected, and support vector machine (SVM) diagnostic algorithms constructed to predict the presence of significant liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.Potential biomarkers were validated in serum spectra from a separate cohort of patients with HCV who had undergone biopsy-staging.Results: Proteomic spectra were generated from 147 prospectively recruited subjects, 25% with HCV.Significant fibrosis (Ishak >1) was present in 74 (51%), of whom 45 had cirrhosis (31%).A total of 146 proteomic peaks were detected between 2500 and 25000 Da, 91 on CM10 and 55 on Q10 arrays.Of these, 25 were significantly different in patients with fibrosis (all p<0.001).SVM were trained with these peaks in a subset of samples and classified fibrosis with sensitivity of 88%, specificity of 92% and area under ROC 0.90 in the testing subset.Proteomic diagnostic models outperformed APRI and hyaluronic acid for the diagnosis of fibrosis (APRI >0.5: auROC 0.63, hyaluronic acid >75 ng/ml: auROC 0.72).The SVM was able to classify cirrhosis with sensitivity of 82%, specificity 84%, auROC 0.83.Seven potential biomarkers of fibrosis were validated in univariate analysis of proteomic spectra from a second cohort of 103 subjects with HCV (all p<0.01).Multivariate regression models trained with these peaks diagnosed fibrosis with sensitivity 88% and auROC 0.96 in the first mixed liver disease cohort, and sensitivity 89% and auROC 0.76 in the validation HCV cohort.Discussion: Machine learning algorithms developed with proteomic features were able to diagnose liver fibrosis in a cohort of patients with liver disease of various aetiologies with accuracy greater than APRI and hyaluronic acid, and at least comparable to commercial biomarker panels.Biomarkers were validated in a separate cohort of patients with HCV, and accurate simple models built.Proteomic studies offer the opportunity to determine the optimal panels of fibrosis markers.