tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Should living donor liver transplantation be an option when deceased donation is not?
Authors: Sarah R. Lieber, Thomas D. Schiano, Rosamond Rhodes
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2017)

SummaryWhen a liver transplantation candidate is declined for listing to receive a deceased organ, sometimes a loved one comes forward and offers to be a living donor. This raises the ethical question of whether a patient who is not eligible for deceased donor liver transplantation should be eligible for living donor liver transplantation. We compare living organ donation in kidney and liver transplantation and explore key ethical concepts of justice, fairness, and societal trust. Ultimately, because there is no alternative life-preserving therapy in end-stage liver disease, and because transplantation with a living donor organ does not involve removing a resource from the common pool of transplant organs, we argue that a standard of "slightly less benefit" than that required for deceased transplantation should be used to determine the acceptability of living donor liver transplantation.
New Persistent Opioid Use Among Patients With Cancer After Curative-Intent Surgery
Authors: Jay Soong-Jin Lee, Hsou Mei Hu, Anthony L. Edelman, Chad M. Brummett, Michael J. Englesbe, Jennifer F. Waljee, Jeffrey B. Smerage, Jennifer J. Griggs, Hari Nathan, Jacqueline S. Jeruss, Lesly A. Dossett
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

Purpose The current epidemic of prescription opioid misuse has increased scrutiny of postoperative opioid prescribing. Some 6% to 8% of opioid-naïve patients undergoing noncancer procedures develop new persistent opioid use; however, it is unknown if a similar risk applies to patients with cancer. We sought to define the risk of new persistent opioid use after curative-intent surgery, identify risk factors, and describe changes in daily opioid dose over time after surgery. Methods Using a national data set of insurance claims, we identified patients with cancer undergoing curative-intent surgery from 2010 to 2014. We included melanoma, breast, colorectal, lung, esophageal, and hepato-pancreato-biliary/gastric cancer. Primary outcomes were new persistent opioid use (opioid-naïve patients who continued filling opioid prescriptions 90 to 180 days after surgery) and daily opioid dose (evaluated monthly during the year after surgery). Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for new persistent opioid use. Results A total of 68,463 eligible patients underwent curative-intent surgery and filled opioid prescriptions. Among opioid-naïve patients, the risk of new persistent opioid use was 10.4% (95% CI, 10.1% to 10.7%). One year after surgery, these patients continued filling prescriptions with daily doses similar to chronic opioid users ( P = .05), equivalent to six tablets per day of 5-mg hydrocodone. Those receiving adjuvant chemotherapy had modestly higher doses ( P = .002), but patients with no chemotherapy still had doses equivalent to five tablets per day of 5-mg hydrocodone. Across different procedures, the covariate-adjusted risk of new persistent opioid use in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy was 15% to 21%, compared with 7% to 11% for those with no chemotherapy. Conclusion New persistent opioid use is a common iatrogenic complication in patients with cancer undergoing curative-intent surgery. This problem requires changes to prescribing guidelines and patient counseling during the surveillance and survivorship phases of care.
Abstract 16101: The Stockholm Automated External Defibrillator and Mobile Bystander Activation Trial - Results From the Run-in Period
Authors: Ellinor Berglund, Jacob Hollenberg, Andreas Claesson, Martin Jonsson, David Fredman, Per Nordberg, Mårten Rosenqvist, Leif Svensson, Mattias Ringh
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Survival in Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) is highly dependent on time from arrest to defibrillation. In a recent Stockholm study, a mobile positioning system (MPS) was used fo...
Sensibilité élevée de la surveillance de la tuberculose via le système de surveillance national intégré en Finlande
Authors: M Kokki, P Holmström, P Ruutu
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2005)

Il existe peu de donnees sur la sensibilite de la surveillance de la tuberculose depuis l’integration, en 1987 en Finlande, du systeme de surveillance et de controle specifique de cette maladie au sein du systeme general de sante. Les declarations en routine de Mycobacterium tuberculosis du 1er janvier 1995 au 31 decembre 1996 par les laboratoires au registre national des maladies infectieuses (National Infectious Disease Register, NIDR) ont ete comparees aux donnees recueillies par les laboratoires pratiquant la culture de M. tuberculosis, et aux donnees des dossiers medicaux des patients. Mille cinquante neuf cas avec culture positive ont ete identifies. La sensibilite globale du NIDR etait de 93% (984/1059). La valeur predictive positive d’un cas avec culture positive au NIDR etait de 99% d’etre un vrai cas confirme par culture. Concernant les cas confirmes par culture au NIDR, 89% etaient notifies par un ou plusieurs medecins. Il est donc possible de disposer d’un systeme extremement sensible de notification des cas de tuberculose confirmes par culture par le biais d’un systeme de surveillance integre des maladies infectieuses base sur la declaration des laboratoires.
Epidémie de rougeole dans la région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, France, janvier à juillet 2003
Authors: C Six, F Franke, K Mantey, C Zandotti, F Freymuth, F Wild, I Parent du Châtelet, P Malfait
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2005)

Fin mai 2003, le laboratoire de virologie du Centre hospitalier de Marseille a informe l’institut de sante publique francais de l’existence de cinq cas confirmes de rougeole chez des jeunes adultes habitant a Marseille. Une enquete a ete menee par la Cellule interregionale d’epidemiologie Sud aupres de differents services sanitaires de ville et hospitaliers, afin de determiner la circulation du virus dans la region Provence-Alpes-Cote d’Azur (PACA). L’investigation a permis d’identifier 259 cas : 183 cas cliniques, 74 cas confirmes serologiquement et deux cas lies epidemiologiquement. Les premiers cas ont ete identifies au cours des six premiers mois de 2003, avec un pic en avril. Cette epidemie de rougeole dans la region PACA a ete favorisee par la faible couverture vaccinale, qui a cree des groupes de population susceptibles. Le nombre de cas etait probablement superieur au nombre de cas identifies. Cette investigation a souligne les limites du systeme de surveillance de la rougeole en France : le reseau sentinelle n’avait detecte aucun cas pour cette periode. La France doit atteindre l’objectif de l’OMS d’eradication de la rougeole en 2010 et les outils de surveillance doivent etre ceux qui sont deja utilises dans la plupart des pays les plus avances dans ce processus d’eradication. Pour atteindre ce but, la Direction Generale de la Sante a nomme un groupe de travail charge de proposer un plan national pour l’interruption de la transmission de la rougeole autochtone en France.
Abstract 16207: RNA Polymerase II-associated Factor 1 Complex Drives Cardiac Progenitor Formation and Differentiation
Authors: Fei Lu, Adam Langenbacher, Jie Huang, Jaunian Chen
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Cardiac differentiation from pluripotent progenitor cells requires well-orchestrated transcriptional and epigenetic regulations. The evolutionarily conserved RNA polymerase II-associated factor 1 complex (PAF1C) functions as a transcription platform required for a wide range of cell signaling processes. From zebrafish genetic screens, we identify critical roles for PAF1C in the formation and differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells. Overexpression of Rtf1, a PAF1C component, activates cardiac transcription program and promotes the formation of cardiac progenitor cells in zebrafish. Conversely, knockdown of Rtf1 prevents cardiac differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells and Rtf1 ablation in zebrafish and mice eliminates the entire cardiac progenitor population resulting in a heartless embryo. Molecular dissection identifies the histone modification and DNA binding domains of Rtf1. Structure-function analysis in zebrafish reveals distinct requirements for these domains in heart development; the DNA binding domain of Rtf1 is essential for the specification of the cardiac fate whereas the histone modification domain is dispensable for the formation of cardiac progenitor cells, but is required for the maturation of cardiomyocytes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays show that Rtf1 regulates the expression of cardiac transcription factors such as Nkx2.5 and Tbx20 by direct interaction with these promoters via the DNA binding domain. In addition, mutations in the histone modification domain reduce the abundance of epigenetic marks associated with actively transcribed genes and compromise the maturation of cardiomyocytes. Together these findings demonstrate that Rtf1 regulates cardiac differentiation by controlling transcription and epigenetic modification.
Long-acting MIC-1/GDF15 molecules to treat obesity: Evidence from mice to monkeys
Authors: Yumei Xiong, Kenneth Walker, Xiaoshan Min, Clarence Hale, Thanhvien Tran, Renee Komorowski, Jerry Yang, Jasmine Davda, Noi Nuanmanee, Dao Kemp, Xiaozhen Wang, Hantao Liu, Silke Miller, Ki Jeong Lee, Zhulun Wang, Murielle M. Véniant
Journal: Science Translational Medicine (2017)

In search of metabolically regulated secreted proteins, we conducted a microarray study comparing gene expression in major metabolic tissues of fed and fasted ob/ob mice and C57BL/6 mice. The array used in this study included probes for ~4000 genes annotated as potential secreted proteins. Circulating macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1)/growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) concentrations were increased in obese mice, rats, and humans in comparison to age-matched lean controls. Adeno-associated virus-mediated overexpression of GDF15 and recombinant GDF15 treatments reduced food intake and body weight and improved metabolic profiles in various metabolic disease models in mice, rats, and obese cynomolgus monkeys. Analysis of the GDF15 crystal structure suggested that the protein is not suitable for conventional Fc fusion at the carboxyl terminus of the protein. Thus, we used a structure-guided approach to design and successfully generate several Fc fusion molecules with extended half-life and potent efficacy. Furthermore, we discovered that GDF15 delayed gastric emptying, changed food preference, and activated area postrema neurons, confirming a role for GDF15 in the gut-brain axis responsible for the regulation of body energy intake. Our work provides evidence that GDF15 Fc fusion proteins could be potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of obesity and related comorbidities.
Origins of the current outbreak of multidrug-resistant malaria in southeast Asia: a retrospective genetic study
Authors: Roberto Amato, Richard D Pearson, Jacob Almagro-Garcia, Chanaki Amaratunga, Pharath Lim, Seila Suon, Sokunthea Sreng, Eleanor Drury, Jim Stalker, Olivo Miotto, Rick M Fairhurst, Dominic P Kwiatkowski
Journal: The Lancet Infectious Diseases (2018)

Antimalarial resistance is rapidly spreading across parts of southeast Asia where dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine is used as first-line treatment for Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The first published reports about resistance to antimalarial drugs came from western Cambodia in 2013. Here, we analyse genetic changes in the P falciparum population of western Cambodia in the 6 years before those reports.
Factors Affecting the Association of Proton Pump Inhibitors and Capecitabine Efficacy in Advanced Gastroesophageal Cancer
Authors: Lishi Wang, Boern Shan, Weikuan Gu
Journal: JAMA Oncology (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Abstract 14423: Toll-like Receptor 3 Activation of Cardiosphere-Derived Cells (TLR3-CDCs) Amplifies Myocyte Regeneration and Reverses LV Remodeling in Swine With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Gen Suzuki, Weil R Brian, Rebeccah F Young, John M Canty
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction: Intracoronary cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) administered to patients with myocardial infarction improves regional function through an effect that is secondary to the release of pa...
Chronic widespread pain and increased mortality: biopsychosocial interconnections
Authors: Jose A P Da Silva, Rinie Geenen, Johannes W G Jacobs
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2017)

Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is associated with excess mortality. Robust evidence is provided in ARD by a study that included over half a million participants and a meta-analysis.1 This adds to the (already overwhelming) recognised burden of CWP and imposes an additional urgency in improving our understanding and management of the condition. Reducing excess mortality in patients with chronic pain requires an accurate knowledge of relevant mechanisms and mediators. Previous research and this new study indicate that this excess mortality is, to a large extent, explained by lifestyle factors such as decreased physical activity, increased body mass index, unhealthy diets and smoking. In this editorial, we will offer arguments and evidence emphasising the need to also take account of psychological factors to explain the link between CWP and early death.

Decades of research led to the current concept that chronic pain encompasses multiple and mutually interacting biological, psychological and social factors. These include—but are not limited to—nature of pain, peripheral and central pain processing mechanisms, physical disability, sleep disturbance, obesity, smoking, alcoholism and other health risks, psychological resilience and vulnerabilities (emotions, cognitions, behaviour) and social factors (work, support, facilities, financial resources). Relations between all factors of this biopsychosocial model are recognised to be dynamic and reciprocal, with mutually influencing pathways similar to a hanging mobile toy, in which movement of one component may induce change in all others and back. The weight of the distinct factors differs between individuals.

Psychological factors are important players in this context. To start with, they are core determinants of unhealthy lifestyles that turned out to be important in the recent study.1 For instance, reduced physical activity has been shown to be influenced by fear of movement-related pain (kinesiophobia)2 and by catastrophising cognitions (ie, rumination, magnification and helplessness).3 Lifestyle factors including …
Las enfermedades poco frecuentes merecen atención
Authors: S Salmaso
Journal: Eurosurveillance (1999)

En agosto, Eurosurveillance publico informes de dos brotes de triquinosis detectados en 1998 en Francia e Italia y asociados a consumo de carne de caballo importada de Yugoslavia. Este numero, que por otra parte esta dedicado al botulismo, incluye los resultados de la investigacion de un tercer brote analogo a los precedentes. Los articulos sobre estas enfermedades demuestran la capacidad de los alimentos como vehiculo para propagar enfermedades que, aunque poco frecuentes, son de suma gravedad.
TCT-164 The Impact of Hemodialysis on Resolution of Symptoms after Endovascular Therapy for Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease: Insights from OMOTENASHI Multicenter Prospective Registry in Japan
Authors: Masafumi Ono, Amane Kozuki, Atsushi Mizuno, Yasutaka Yamauchi, Osamu Iida, Yoshito Yamamoto, Daizo Kawasaki, Yoshiaki Shintani, Hiroyoshi Yokoi, Teruyasu Sugano, Masahiko Fujihara, Takuo Nakagami, Yoshinori Tsubakimoto, Tatsuki Doijiri, Kenji Ogata, Hitoshi Anzai, Shinya Sasaki, Ando Hiroshi, Hiroshi Ota, Nobuyuki Komiyama, Masato Nakamura
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2017)
Thymic involution in tumor-bearing mice: Role of the microenvironment.
Authors: Roberto Carrio, Marta Torroella-Kouri, Diana Lopez
Journal: Cancer Research (2007)

233  The thymus is the major site of T cell maturation; extensive proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis occur in this organ. During mammary tumorigenesis, there is a profound thymus involution associated with a severe depletion of the most abundant subset of thymocytes, CD4+CD8+ immature cells. Thymic atrophy has been observed in several model systems, including graft-vs-host disease, aging, and tumor development. However, the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon remain to be elucidated. Previous results from our laboratory have reported that the thymic involution observed in tumor bearing mice is associated with an early block in T cell maturation. This alteration in thymocyte differentiation, which is enhanced with tumor progression, might be due to an impaired function of stromal cell microenvironment in this organ, i.e., thymic stromal cells may not produce the necessary cytokines for thymocyte development. In the present study we have used our well characterized murine D1-DMBA-3 mammary tumor model to better analyze the specific T cell subpopulations present in the thymus of tumor bearing animals. Moreover, the expression of the more common cytokine genes was studied in the whole thymus during its involution in mammary tumor bearers. As shown before, flow cytometric analysis revealed a block in early thymic development, resulting in an increase in the CD44+CD25- T cell subpopulation during the maturation of triple negative precursors in tumor bearers. Interestingly, our results show that IL-7 mRNA, a crucial cytokine involved in thymic development, is profoundly down-regulated in total thymuses of tumor hosts as compared to normal mice. Also, the gene for hepatocyte growth factor, which has been associated with proliferation, cell survival, angiogenesisand differentiation, is down-regulated in thymuses of tumor bearer. Collectively, our data suggest that the presence of the tumor may induce changes in the levels of cytokines expressed in the thymus microenvironment, contributing to the involution of this organ in tumor hosts.
L’impact du dépistage génomique viral (DGV) en Italie de 2001 à 2003
Authors: C Velati, L Fomiatti, L Baruffi, L Romanò, A Zanetti
Journal: Eurosurveillance (2005)

En Italie, le recours au depistage genomique viral (DGV) dans les dons de sang est obligatoire depuis le 28 juin 2002. Cependant, cette technique a ete utilisee, a un stade experimental, des 2001. Pendant la periode de transition, il etait possible d’avoir recours au test EIA pour la detection de l’antigene core du virus de l’hepatite C (Ag HBc). Compte-tenu du nombre important de centres de transfusion sanguine en Italie, il a ete necessaire de reorganiser la validation biologique des dons de sang, par une centralisation partielle du depistage par DGV. Le Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio delle Malattie Trasmissibili con la Trasfusione (Groupe italien d’etudes des infections transmissibles par transfusion) a mene une etude nationale afin d’evaluer le DGV sur la base d’un recueil annuel de donnees fournies par un questionnaire envoye a tous les centres. Au cours des trois premieres annees de l’enquete, 219 centres de transfusion ont retourne les questionnaires. 
Entre janvier 2001 et decembre 2003, 3 894 894 dons de sang ont ete testes pour l’ARN-VHC et 2 186 468 pour l’ARN-VIH. Douze tests etaient positifs pour le VHC et quatre pour le VIH, soit un gain respectif du DGV par rapport au test immunologique de 3,1 par million de dons pour le VHC et de 1,8 par million pour le VIH. Cinq des 12 donneurs ARN-VHC positifs et anti-VHC negatifs presentaient des valeurs de TLA anormales ; ces dons auraient donc ete refuses meme en l’absence du DGV. Cette observation porte alors le gain final du DGV pour le VHC a 1,79 par million. 
En Italie, depuis la mise en place du DGV, le risque residuel de transmission du VHC ou du VIH par transfusion sanguine est extremement faible.
Abstract 16698: Cardiomyocyte-specific Deletion of Cathepsin K Protects Against Doxorubicin-induced Cardiac Dysfunction
Authors: Rui Guo, Yinan Hua, Jun Ren, Karin E Bornfeldt, Sreejayan Nair
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background and objective:  The cysteine protease cathepsin K is elevated in both human and animal models of heart failure. Global deletion of cathepsin K attenuates both high fat diet- and pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction, although the role of cardiac cathepsin K remains unclear. To this end, the objective of this study was to generate a cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of cathepsin K ( Ctsk  -/- ) and to test the hypothesis that deletion of cardiac cathepsin K protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.   Methods:  Ctsk  -/-  mice were generated by  Ctsk  targeted trap-allele including both FLP-FRT and Cre-lox systems. Cre-recombinase in myosin-heavy chain-Cre transgenic mice recognizes LoxP sites in “floxed (flanked by LoxP)” mice, and deletes the exons from 2 to 5 of  Ctsk . Protein and mRNA levels of  Ctsk  and exon 2 were determined by Western blot and quantitative RT-PCR respectively. Four-months-old control (fl/fl-Cre - ) and  Ctsk  -/-  (fl/fl-Cre + ) mice received two injections of doxorubicin (10mg/kg, i.p. at 3-day intervals, 20mg/kg cumulative), one week following which, body and tissue weight, echocardiographic properties, cardiomyocyte contractile function and Ca 2+ -handling were evaluated.   Results:  Cathepsin K mRNA and protein were attenuated by over 80% in the hearts of the knockout mice compared to the control. Doxorubicin injections resulted in an increase in total heart mass and the length of individual cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, doxorubicin-treated mice exhibited cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction, characterized by depressed peak-shortening, maximal velocity of shortening and re-lengthening, and impaired intracellular Ca 2+  homeostasis. Additionally, mice receiving doxorubicin exhibited significant increases in end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters and decreased fractional shortening and wall thickness. These deleterious cardiac effects of doxorubicin were significantly attenuated or reversed in mice lacking cardiac cathepsin K.   Conclusion:  Mitigation of doxorubicin-induced cardiac anomalies by targeted deletion of cardiac cathepsin K suggests that cathepsin K represents a novel, bona-fide, pharmacological target for cardiac toxicity and complications.