tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Time-Reversal Acoustics in Biomedical Engineering
Authors: Mathias Fink, Gabriel Montaldo, Mickael Tanter
Journal: Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering (2003)

Time reversal is a very powerful method for focusing through complex and heterogeneous media and shows very promising results in biomedical applications. In this paper, we review some of the main applications investigated during the past decade. An iterative implementation of the time-reversal process allows tracking gallstones in real time during lithotripsy treatments. In this application domain, a smart exploitation of the reverberations in solid waveguides permits the focusing of high-amplitude ultrasonic shock waves with a small number of transducers. Finally, because time reversal is able to correct the strong distortions induced by the skull bone on ultrasonic propagation, this adaptive focusing technique is very promising for ultrasonic hyperthermia brain therapy.
Macrolide resistance in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>: implications for practice
Authors: James D. Chalmers
Journal: European Respiratory Journal (2017)

Long-term low-dose macrolide use is rapidly becoming a standard treatment for a range of inflammatory lung diseases. In cystic fibrosis (CF), the 2014 annual report of the European Cystic Fibrosis Registry [1] shows that the use of macrolides is widespread, ranging from 10% of all CF patients in Austria, 38% in Spain, and 41% in the UK, to 44% in France, 48% in the Netherlands and 62% in Moldova. Macrolides are therefore one of the most frequently used therapies for CF in clinical practice [2]. In bronchiectasis not due to CF, data from the European Bronchiectasis Registry show that approximately 20% of patients are treated with macrolides, increasing to more than 30% in specialist European centres [3–5]. In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), long-term macrolide therapy is not yet widespread, but is likely to become more so with the release of the updated 2017 Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD (GOLD) report that now recommends long-term low-dose macrolide therapy to prevent exacerbations in patients with GOLD type-D COPD and frequent exacerbations despite triple-inhaled bronchodilator and corticosteroid therapy [6]. New research gives us reason for concern regarding long-term macrolide use <http://ow.ly/g4Ap30b3lp3>
ABCB1 genetic variation influences the toxicity and clinical outcome of patients treated with docetaxel
Authors: Tristan Sissung, Caitlin Baum, John Deeken, Douglas Price, Seth Steinberg, William Dahut, Alex Sparreboom, William Figg
Journal: Cancer Research (2008)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA

4781 

Polymorphisms that are associated with ABCB1 expression and function may be linked to treatment efficacy, and the development of neutropenia and neurotoxicity in patients with androgen independent prostate cancer (AIPC) receiving docetaxel. Patients with AIPC treated with docetaxel alone (n=23), or docetaxel and thalidomide (n=50), were genotyped for the ABCB1 1236C>T, 2677 G>T/A, and 3435 C>T alleles by direct sequencing, and diplotypes were constructed using an EM algorithm. The data were then compared to duration to onset of peripheral neuropathy, neutropenia grade, and survival after docetaxel. For patients receiving docetaxel alone, individuals carrying a diplotype consisting of the 1236C-2677G-3435C linked alleles had improved overall survival after treatment (P = 0.0017). Additionally, patients treated with docetaxel and thalidomide carrying a diplotype consisting of the 2677T-3435T haplotype had a shorter median survival (P = 0.045). After adjusting for a particular set of polymorphisms and diplotype groupings, a hazard ratio of 10.87 was found for patients carrying the 2677GG genotype versus patients carrying other genotypes (P = 0.0048) in the docetaxel and thalidomide cohort. Among both treatment arms together, individuals carrying the 2677GG genotype also had a significantly longer time to neuropathy (P = 0.035). Finally, there was a strong trend towards patients carrying the 2677TT-3435TT diplotype having higher grades of neutropenia (P = 0.053). The data suggest that docetaxel-induced neuropathy, neutropenia grade, and overall survival could be linked to ABCB1 allelic variants with ensuing negative implications for docetaxel treatment in patients carrying ABCB1 variant genotypes.
Household-level financial uncertainty could be<i>the</i>primary driver of the global obesity epidemic
Authors: Trenton G Smith
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract Evidence has accumulated in support of the notion that changes in household-level financial uncertainty (or “economic insecurity”) may be an important fundamental cause of the global obesity epidemic. The timing and spatial/demographic incidence of the obesity epidemic suggest that economic policies aimed at expanding economic freedom may have inadvertently shifted risk to households, thereby generating a costly public health problem.
EXPERIMENTS ON THE PRODUCTION OF SPECIFIC ANTISERA FOR INFECTIONS OF UNKNOWN CAUSE
Authors: George W. Wilson, Jean Oliver
Journal: The Journal of Experimental Medicine (1920)

As Pearce has shown, a serum highly injurious to the kidney of dogs can be produced by the immunization of rabbits with washed renal tissue of the dog. The histological findings are striking and characteristic, the most noteworthy being a glomerular lesion of special type. The renal changes differ much from those Pearce described. The injury to the kidney is not to be explained by hemolytic and hemagglutinative elements in the serum. The complete removal of such antibodies by exhaustion of the serum with successive portions of red cells fails to lessen materially its ability to cause kidney lesions. Furthermore, an ordinary hemolytic and hemagglutinative serum produced by the use of washed red cells as antigen fails to cause similar lesions. The distinctive, injurious principle of antikidney serum can be removed and the latter rendered innocuous by absorption with kidney tissue. To all practical intents and purposes it would seem that nephrotoxic serum of. the sort here described is specific. If infected tissue is to be utilized as an antigen for the production of therapeutic antisera the latter must in some instances be exhausted with tissue of the same sort prior to introduction into the animal body.
Fibroblastic Foci in Usual Interstitial Pneumonia
Authors: Kevin R. Flaherty, Thomas V. Colby, William D. Travis, Galen B. Toews, Jeanette Mumford, Susan Murray, Victor J. Thannickal, Ella A. Kazerooni, Barry H. Gross, Joseph P. Lynch, Fernando J. Martinez
Journal: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine (2003)

A histologic feature of usual interstitial pneumonia is the presence of fibroblastic foci. As some patients with usual interstitial pneumonia and an underlying collagen vascular disease have a better prognosis, we hypothesized that they would have fewer fibroblastic foci. Pathologists reviewed surgical lung biopsies from 108 patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (nine with collagen vascular disease) and assigned a score (absent 0, mild 1, moderate 2, and marked 3) for fibroblastic foci. Patients with idiopathic usual interstitial pneumonia had a higher median profusion of fibroblastic foci (1.75 vs. 1.0, p = 0.003). Baseline characteristics were similar, although patients with a collagen vascular disease were younger, had a shorter duration of symptoms, and had a higher percentage of predicted total lung capacity. Profusion of fibroblastic foci was the most discriminative feature for separating idiopathic from collagen vascular disease-associated usual interstitial pneumonia (odds ratio 8.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.98, 59.42; p = 0.002 for a one-unit increase in fibroblastic foci score). No deaths were noted in the collagen vascular disease-associated usual interstitial pneumonia group; 52 deaths occurred in the idiopathic usual interstitial pneumonia group (log rank; p = 0.005). We conclude that patients with collagen vascular disease-associated usual interstitial pneumonia have fewer fibroblastic foci and improved survival.
Cerebral abnormalities in patients with cirrhosis detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Angela Geissler, Guntram Lock, Rüdiger Fründ, Paul Held, Stephan Hollerbach, Tilo Andus, Jürgen Schölmerich, Stefan Feuerbach, Axel Holstege
Journal: Hepatology (1997)

Hepatic encephalopathy is a common problem in cirrhosis. The pathogenesis of this complication of advanced liver disease still remains unclear. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to assess prospectively cerebral metabolism in 51 patients with histologically proven cirrhosis (Child–Pugh classes A, B, and C, 18, 18, and 15, respectively) and 36 healthy volunteers. According to the results of psychometric tests, overt hepatic encephalopathy, subclinical encephalopathy, and no encephalopathy were found in 14, 21, and 16 patients, respectively. Myoinositol/creatine ratios in gray (.36 ± .17) and white (.35 ± .22) matter voxel were reduced significantly ( P &lt; .0001) in cirrhotic patients compared with healthy volunteers (gray matter, .51 ± .11; white matter, .64 ± .16). In addition, patients showed a significant reduction ( P = .024) in white matter choline/creatine ratio (.77 ± .27) compared with controls (.92 ± .25), and glutamine/glutamate level was elevated in cirrhotic patients compared with controls (gray matter, P &lt; .0001; white matter, P = .036). Changes in cerebral myoinositol and glutamine/glutamate levels correlated significantly with the severity of hepatic encephalopathy ( P &lt; .0001). However, these metabolic alterations were also detected in patients without hepatic encephalopathy (normal psychometric test results). N –acetyl aspartate/creatine ratios did not differ between patients and controls. Magnetic resonance imaging detected bright basal ganglia in 37 patients, which correlated significantly with portal–systemic shunting and elevation of glutamine/glutamate, but not with the degree of hepatic encephalopathy. In conclusion, magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy showed that alterations of cerebral metabolism are common in patients with cirrhosis, even without evidence of clinical or subclinical hepatic encephalopathy.
Disparities in Diabetes Deaths Among Children and Adolescents — United States, 2000–2014
Authors: Sharon Saydah, Giuseppina Imperatore, Yiling Cheng, Linda S. Geiss, Ann Albright
Journal: MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (2017)

Diabetes is a common chronic disease of childhood affecting approximately 200,000 children and adolescents in the United States (1). Children and adolescents with diabetes are at increased risk for death from acute complications of diabetes, including hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis (2,3); in 2012, CDC reported that during 1968-2009, diabetes mortality among U.S. persons aged ≤19 years declined by 61% (4). CDC observed disparities by race during 1979-2004, with black children and adolescents dying from diabetes at twice the rate of white children and adolescents (5). However, no previous study has examined Hispanic ethnicity. CDC analyzed data from the National Vital Statistics System for deaths among persons aged 1-19 years in the United States during 2000-2014, with diabetes listed as the underlying cause of death overall, and for Hispanic, non-Hispanic white (white), and non-Hispanic black (black) children and adolescents. During 2012-2014, black children and adolescents had the highest diabetes death rate (2.04 per 1 million population), followed by whites (0.92) and Hispanics (0.61). There were no statistically significant changes in diabetes death rates over the study period, but disparities persisted among racial/ethnic groups. Death from diabetes in children and adolescents is potentially preventable through increased awareness of diabetes symptoms (including symptoms of low blood sugar), earlier treatment and education related to diabetes, and management of diabetes ketoacidosis. Continued measures are needed to reduce diabetes mortality in children and understand the cause of racial and ethnic disparities.
Double-Outlet Right Ventricle Without Pulmonic Stenosis
Authors: MANUEL M. R. GOMES, WILLIAM H. WEIDMAN, DWIGHT C. MCGOON, GORDON K. DANIELSON
Journal: Circulation (1971)

The results of complete repair of double-outlet right ventricle without pulmonic stenosis in 18 Mayo Clinic patients are analyzed; the over-all operative mortality rate was 22%. Pulmonary vascular obstructive disease and a second ventricular septal defect of the atrioventricular canal type were associated with a higher mortality rate. The difficulties in the diagnosis of this uncommon condition are emphasized. Patients with double-outlet right ventricle without pulmonic stenosis should have complete repair early in life before the onset of severe pulmonary vascular obstructive disease-the only specific contraindication to operation. Pulmonary artery banding may be preferable as a first-stage palliative procedure in infants less than six months old who do not respond to medical therapy.
18F-Fluorocholine PET/CT Complementing the Role of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI for Providing Comprehensive Diagnostic Workup in Prostate Cancer Patients With Suspected Relapse Following Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Shelvin Kumar Vadi, Baljinder Singh, Rajender K Basher, Ankit Watts, Ashwani K Sood, Anupam Lal, Nandita Kakkar, S K Singh
Journal: Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2017)

The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of F-fluorocholine (FCH) PET/CT and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) of pelvis in restaging prostate cancer (PC) patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) following radical prostatectomy (RP).Twenty PC patients who had undergone RP and had BCR were recruited in this study. All the patients underwent whole-body FCH PET/CT and DCE-MRI of the pelvis. An overall pattern of recurrent disease was analyzed, and diagnostic accuracy for the detection of pelvic disease recurrence by the 2 modalities was evaluated by taking histopathologic analysis as the criterion standard. The whole-body FCH PET/CT images were also analyzed separately for the presence of any extra lesion(s).The initial mean Gleason score was 6.3 ± 1.53 (range, 4-9). The mean prostate-specific antigen levels at the time of relapse were 1.9 ± 2.87 ng/mL (range, 0.24-13.2 ng/mL). MRI findings were positive for primary tumor recurrence in the prostate bed in 6 patients (6/20 [30.0%]), pelvic lymph node metastases in 4 patients (4/20 [20.0%]), and for pelvic skeletal metastases in 2 patients (2/20 [10.0%]), respectively. On the other hand, FCH PET/CT results were positive in the corresponding sites in 7 (7/20 [35.0%]), 9 (9/20 [45.0%]), and 2 patients (2/20 [10.0%]), respectively. F-fluorocholine PET/CT and MRI showed comparable results in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for PC characterization. The whole-body FCH PET/CT was found to be useful in identifying unknown distant metastases in a significant proportion of patients.The correlative whole-body FCH PET/CT and pelvic DCE-MRI offer a complementary and comprehensive diagnostic workup for better management of PC patients with BCR following RP.
Evolving Treatment of Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Suzanne George
Journal: Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2017)

Soft tissue sarcomas comprise multiple histologic subtypes, occur at a number of anatomic sites, and require individualized treatment. Over the past 5 years, 4 new drugs were approved for sarcoma, most of which are driven by histology or the anticipated response to treatment. Surgical resection remains the primary treatment for resectable tumors. For unresectable or metastatic disease, doxorubicin remains the backbone of chemotherapy, but other agents have improved on its single-agent efficacy. Chief among them is olaratumab, which, in combination with doxorubicin, is preferred over doxorubicin alone in the updated NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology for Soft Tissue Sarcoma.
Inhibiting the osteocyte-specific protein sclerostin increases bone mass and fracture resistance in multiple myeloma
Authors: Michelle M. McDonald, Michaela R. Reagan, Scott E. Youlten, Sindhu T. Mohanty, Anja Seckinger, Rachael L. Terry, Jessica A. Pettitt, Marija K. Simic, Tegan L. Cheng, Alyson Morse, Lawrence M. T. Le, David Abi-Hanna, Ina Kramer, Carolyne Falank, Heather Fairfield, Irene M. Ghobrial, Paul A. Baldock, David G. Little, Michaela Kneissel, Karin Vanderkerken, J. H. Duncan Bassett, Graham R. Williams, Babatunde O. Oyajobi, Dirk Hose, Tri G. Phan, Peter I. Croucher
Journal: Blood (2017)
Anti-fat discrimination in marriage more clearly explains the poverty–obesity paradox
Authors: Daniel J Hruschka, Seung-Yong Han
Journal: Behavioral and Brain Sciences (2017)

Abstract The target article proposes the insurance hypothesis as an explanation for higher levels of obesity among food-insecure women living in high-income countries. An alternative hypothesis based on anti-fat discrimination in marriage can also account for such correlations between poverty and obesity and is more consistent with finer-grained analyses by marital status, gender, and age.
Management of Acute and Recurrent Gout
Authors: David Erk
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2017)

Letters16 May 2017Management of Acute and Recurrent GoutDavid Erk, MDDavid Erk, MDFrom Sage Primary Care, Casper Wyoming.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L17-0145 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:Qaseem and colleagues' guideline on management of acute and recurrent gout (1) raises 2 questions. First, what is the recommended duration of initial treatment of a patient with an acute gout flare if he or she will not receive a urate-lowering medication? Second, how long after an acute gout flare should urate-lowering therapy be started?Reference1. Qaseem A, Harris RP, Forciea MA; Clinical Guidelines Committee of the American College of Physicians.. Management of acute and recurrent gout: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2017;166:58-68. [PMID: 27802508]. doi:10.7326/M16-0570 LinkGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Sage Primary Care, Casper Wyoming.Disclosures: Authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=L17-0145. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoManagement of Acute and Recurrent Gout: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians Amir Qaseem , Russell P. Harris , Mary Ann Forciea , and Management of Acute and Recurrent Gout Russell P. Harris , Robert M. McLean , and Amir Qaseem Management of Acute and Recurrent Gout Vanya D. Wagler and Aaron W. Pumerantz Metrics 16 May 2017Volume 166, Issue 10Page: 759-760KeywordsConflicts of interestDisclosureGoutPatients ePublished: 16 May 2017 Issue Published: 16 May 2017 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2017 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Clinical Relevance and Role of Neuronal AT <sub>1</sub> Receptors in ADAM17-Mediated ACE2 Shedding in Neurogenic Hypertension
Authors: Jiaxi Xu, Srinivas Sriramula, Huijing Xia, Lisa Moreno-Walton, Frank Culicchia, Oliver Domenig, Marko Poglitsch, Eric Lazartigues
Journal: Circulation Research (2017)

Neurogenic hypertension is characterized by an increase in sympathetic activity and often resistance to drug treatments. We previously reported that it is also associated with a reduction of angiotensin-converting enzyme type 2 (ACE2) and an increase in a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) activity in experimental hypertension. In addition, while multiple cells within the central nervous system have been involved in the development of neurogenic hypertension, the contribution of ADAM17 has not been investigated.To assess the clinical relevance of this ADAM17-mediated ACE2 shedding in hypertensive patients and further identify the cell types and signaling pathways involved in this process.Using a mass spectrometry-based assay, we identified ACE2 as the main enzyme converting angiotensin II into angiotensin-(1-7) in human cerebrospinal fluid. We also observed an increase in ACE2 activity in the cerebrospinal fluid of hypertensive patients, which was correlated with systolic blood pressure. Moreover, the increased level of tumor necrosis factor-α in those cerebrospinal fluid samples confirmed that ADAM17 was upregulated in the brain of hypertensive patients. To further assess the interaction between brain renin-angiotensin system and ADAM17, we generated mice lacking angiotensin II type 1 receptors specifically on neurons. Our data reveal that despite expression on astrocytes and other cells types in the brain, ADAM17 upregulation during deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension occurs selectively on neurons, and neuronal angiotensin II type 1 receptors are indispensable to this process. Mechanistically, reactive oxygen species and extracellular signal-regulated kinase were found to mediate ADAM17 activation.Our data demonstrate that angiotensin II type 1 receptors promote ADAM17-mediated ACE2 shedding in the brain of hypertensive patients, leading to a loss in compensatory activity during neurogenic hypertension.
Establishing and Achieving National Goals for Preventing Lead Toxicity and Exposure in Children
Authors: David C. Bellinger, Aimin Chen, Bruce P. Lanphear
Journal: JAMA Pediatrics (2017)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Pediatrics HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Pediatrics journal
Replicative fraction in breast cancer (b.c.): an immunohistochemical study of 329 cases.
Authors: F.Bonetti Fbonetti, A.Bonetti Abonetti, M.Turazza Mturazza, P.Capelli Pcapelli, E.Piazzola Epiazzola, G.Martignoni Gmartignoni, G.Pollini Gpollini, S.Modena Smodena, M.Franchini Mfranchini, R.Nortilli Rnortilli, R.Pradella Rpradella, A.Corgnati Acorgnati, G.L.Cetto Glcetto, A.Molino. Amolino
Journal: Annals of Oncology (1990)