Epizootic Outbreak of Yellow Fever Virus and Risk for Human Disease in Salvador, Brazil
Authors: Igor Adolfo Dexheimer Paploski, Raquel Lima Souza, Laura Beatriz Tauro, Cristiane Wanderley Cardoso, Vánio André Mugabe, Anna Beatriz Pereira Simões Alves, Joice de Jesus Gomes, Mariana Kikuti, Gubio Soares Campos, Sílvia Sardi, Scott C. Weaver, Mitermayer Galvão Reis, Uriel Kitron, Guilherme Sousa Ribeiro
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2017)

Letters20 February 2018Epizootic Outbreak of Yellow Fever Virus and Risk for Human Disease in Salvador, BrazilIgor Adolfo Dexheimer Paploski, DVM, MSc, DPH*, Raquel Lima Souza, BS, MSc*, Laura Beatriz Tauro, BS, PhD, Cristiane Wanderley Cardoso, BS, MSc, PhD, Vánio André Mugabe, BS, MPH, Anna Beatriz Pereira Simões Alves, Joice de Jesus Gomes, Mariana Kikuti, DVM, MPH, Gubio Soares Campos, PharmD, PhD, Sílvia Sardi, DVM, PhD, Scott C. Weaver, BS, MS, PhD, Mitermayer Galvão Reis, MD, MSc, PhD, Uriel Kitron, BS, MPH, PhD, and Guilherme Sousa Ribeiro, MD, MSc, PhDIgor Adolfo Dexheimer Paploski, DVM, MSc, DPH*Universidade Federal da Bahia and Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (I.A.D., M.K., M.G.R., G.S.R.), Raquel Lima Souza, BS, MSc*Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (R.L.S., L.B.T., A.B.P., J.D.), Laura Beatriz Tauro, BS, PhDInstituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (R.L.S., L.B.T., A.B.P., J.D.), Cristiane Wanderley Cardoso, BS, MSc, PhDSecretaria Municipal de Saúde de Salvador, Salvador, Brazil (C.W.C.), Vánio André Mugabe, BS, MPHUniversidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil (V.A.M., G.S.C., S.S.), Anna Beatriz Pereira Simões AlvesInstituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (R.L.S., L.B.T., A.B.P., J.D.), Joice de Jesus GomesInstituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (R.L.S., L.B.T., A.B.P., J.D.), Mariana Kikuti, DVM, MPHUniversidade Federal da Bahia and Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (I.A.D., M.K., M.G.R., G.S.R.), Gubio Soares Campos, PharmD, PhDUniversidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil (V.A.M., G.S.C., S.S.), Sílvia Sardi, DVM, PhDUniversidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil (V.A.M., G.S.C., S.S.), Scott C. Weaver, BS, MS, PhDUniversity of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (S.C.W.), Mitermayer Galvão Reis, MD, MSc, PhDUniversidade Federal da Bahia and Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (I.A.D., M.K., M.G.R., G.S.R.), Uriel Kitron, BS, MPH, PhDEmory University, Atlanta, Georgia (U.K.), and Guilherme Sousa Ribeiro, MD, MSc, PhDUniversidade Federal da Bahia and Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (I.A.D., M.K., M.G.R., G.S.R.)Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M17-1949 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Background: Yellow fever virus (YFV) is an RNA virus maintained in an enzootic, sylvatic cycle involving nonhuman primates (NHPs) and sylvatic mosquito vectors primarily of the genus Haemagogus and Sabethes. Transmission occasionally spills over to humans entering forested regions. In the Americas, urban transmission of YFV to humans has not occurred since the mid-1900s because of vaccination and near-elimination of the anthropophilic Aedes aegypti, the urban vector (1). However, concerns about reemergence of urban YFV have recently increased because of the reappearance and rapid spread of A aegypti in the urban environment. Furthermore, immunization coverage for YFV is insufficient because ...References1. Camargo S. History of Aedes aegypti eradication in the Americas. Bull World Health Organ. 1967;36:602-3. [PMID: 5299460] MedlineGoogle Scholar2. Centro de Operações de Emergências em Saúde Pública sobre Febre Amarela. INFORME no. 43/2017. Monitoramente dos casos e óbitos de febre amarela no Brasil. 2017. Accessed at http://portalarquivos.saude.gov.br/images/pdf/2017/junho/02/COES-FEBRE-AMARELA—INFORME-43—Atualiza—-o-em-31maio2017.pdf on 26 June 2017. Google Scholar3. Auguste AJ, Lemey P, Pybus OG, Suchard MA, Salas RA, Adesiyun AA, et al. Yellow fever virus maintenance in Trinidad and its dispersal throughout the Americas. J Virol. 2010;84:9967-77. [PMID: 20631128] doi:10.1128/JVI.00588-10 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar4. Cardoso CW, Paploski IA, Kikuti M, Rodrigues MS, Silva MM, Campos GS, et al. Outbreak of exanthematous illness associated with Zika, chikungunya, and dengue viruses, Salvador, Brazil [Letter]. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21:2274-6. [PMID: 26584464] doi:10.3201/eid2112.151167 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. Cardoso CW, Kikuti M, Prates AP, Paploski IA, Tauro LB, Silva MM, et al. Unrecognized emergence of chikungunya virus during a Zika virus outbreak in Salvador, Brazil. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11:e0005334. [PMID: 28114414] doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005334 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Universidade Federal da Bahia and Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (I.A.D., M.K., M.G.R., G.S.R.)Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (R.L.S., L.B.T., A.B.P., J.D.)Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Salvador, Salvador, Brazil (C.W.C.)Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil (V.A.M., G.S.C., S.S.)University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas (S.C.W.)Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (U.K.)Acknowledgment: The authors thank Roberto Fonseca dos Santos for his advice during identification of mosquito specimens and the Health Surveillance Directory, Salvador Secretary of Health, especially the Center for Zoonosis Control.Financial Support: By the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (grants 400830/2013-2 and 440891/2016-7 to Dr. Ribeiro and scholarships to Drs. Paploski, Reis, Kitron, and Ribeiro and Mr. Mugabe), the Brazilian Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education (grant 440891/2016-7 to Dr. Ribeiro and scholarship to Dr. Kikuti), the Bahia Foundation for Research Support (grant PET0022/2016 to Dr. Ribeiro), the University of Texas Medical Branch Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, and National Institutes of Health (grant R24AI120942 to Dr. Weaver). The funding sources had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Disclosures: Authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M17-1949.Reproducible Research Statement:Study protocol and statistical code: Not Available. Data set: Available from Dr. Ribeiro (e-mail, guilherme.[email protected]fiocruz.br).This article was published at Annals.org on 7 November 2017.* Dr. Paploski and Ms. Souza contributed equally to this work. 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(I)Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Flaviviruses 20 February 2018Volume 168, Issue 4Page: 301-302KeywordsDecision analysisFeversMosquitoesRNA virusesResearch grantsResearch laboratoriesReverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactionRisk managementVaccinesZoonoses ePublished: 7 November 2017 Issue Published: 20 February 2018 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2017 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...