tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Reliability of HIV rapid diagnostic tests for self-testing compared with testing by health-care workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Carmen Figueroa, Cheryl Johnson, Nathan Ford, Anita Sands, Shona Dalal, Robyn Meurant, Irena Prat, Karin Hatzold, Willy Urassa, Rachel Baggaley
Journal: The Lancet HIV (2018)

BackgroundThe ability of individuals to use HIV self-tests correctly is debated. To inform the 2016 WHO recommendation on HIV self-testing, we assessed the reliability and performance of HIV rapid diagnostic tests when used by self-testers.MethodsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, PopLine, and Embase, conference abstracts, and additional grey literature between Jan 1, 1995, and April 30, 2016, for observational and experimental studies reporting on HIV self-testing performance. We excluded studies evaluating home specimen collection because patients did not interpret their own test results. We extracted data independently, using standardised extraction forms. Outcomes of interest were agreement between self-testers and health-care workers, sensitivity, and specificity. We calculated κ to establish the level of agreement and pooled κ estimates using a random-effects model, by approach (directly assisted or unassisted) and type of specimen (blood or oral fluid). We examined heterogeneity with the I2 statistic.Findings25 studies met inclusion criteria (22 to 5662 participants). Quality assessment with QUADAS-2 showed studies had low risk of bias and incomplete reporting in accordance with the STARD checklist. Raw proportion of agreement ranged from 85·4% to 100%, and reported κ ranged from fair (κ 0·277, p<0·001) to almost perfect (κ 0·99, n=25). Pooled κ suggested almost perfect agreement for both types of approaches (directly assisted 0·98, 95% CI 0·96–0·99 and unassisted 0·97, 0·96–0·98; I2=34·5%, 0–97·8). Excluding two outliers, sensitivity and specificity was higher for blood-based rapid diagnostic tests (4/16) compared with oral fluid rapid diagnostic tests (13/16). The most common error that affected test performance was incorrect specimen collection (oral swab or finger prick). Study limitations included the use of different reference standards and no disaggregation of results by individuals taking antiretrovirals.InterpretationSelf-testers can reliably and accurately do HIV rapid diagnostic tests, as compared with trained health-care workers. Errors in performance might be reduced through the improvement of rapid diagnostic tests for self-testing, particularly to make sample collection easier and to simplify instructions for use.FundingThe Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Unitaid.
Allergen immunotherapy in people, dogs, cats and horses – differences, similarities and research needs
Authors: R. S. Mueller, E. Jensen‐Jarolim, F. Roth‐Walter, E. Marti, J. Janda, A. A. Seida, D. DeBoer
Journal: Allergy (2018)

Abstract In human patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis sensitized to grass pollen, the first successful allergen immunotherapy ( AIT ) was reported in 1911. Today, immunotherapy is an accepted treatment for allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis and hypersensitivities to insect venom. AIT is also used for atopic dermatitis and recently for food allergy. Subcutaneous, epicutaneous, intralymphatic, oral and sublingual protocols of AIT exist. In animals, most data are available in dogs where subcutaneous AIT is an accepted treatment for atopic dermatitis. Initiating a regulatory response and a production of “blocking” IgG antibodies with AIT are similar mechanisms in human beings and dogs with allergic diseases. Although subcutaneous immunotherapy is used for atopic dermatitis in cats, data for its efficacy are sparse. There is some evidence for successful treatment of feline asthma with AIT . In horses, most studies evaluate the effect of AIT on insect hypersensitivity with conflicting results although promising pilot studies have demonstrated the prophylaxis of insect hypersensitivity with recombinant antigens of biting midges ( Culicoides spp.). Optimizing AIT using allergoids, peptide immunotherapy, recombinant allergens and new adjuvants with the different administration types of allergen extracts will further improve compliance and efficacy of this proven treatment modality.
Chalazion in multiple myeloma patients treated with bortezomib.
Authors: Mubasir Mundia, Abdul G. Mundia, Mohammed Faisal Ali, Sana Ali
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2012)

e13053 Background: Bortezomib, a proteosome inhibitor is an effective drug in treatment of multiple myeloma (MM). As single agent and in combination with other drugs it not only has antitumor effect but has also increased survival. There are many side effects associated with its use, including peripheral neuropathy. We report incidence of chalazion in myeloma patients treated with bortezomib. Methods: On clinical Chart review, there were 34 patients with stage 3 MM treated with bortezomib in 2010 and 2011 in a community oncology practice. There were 18 females, and 16 males. Their age ranging from 52-76 years with a median of 68years. There were 17 African American (AA) and 17 non African American (NAA) patients. 14 patients received single agent bortezomib, 10 received it in combination with dexamethasone, and other 10 in combination with lenalidomide, cyclophosphamide and steroids. All patients received bisphosphantes. Results: Four patients developed chalazion 11 to 22 months into treatment with bortezomib. Chalazion was relatively resistant to conventional therapy offered by the ophthalmologists, and persisted during therapy with bortezomib. 1 patient needed surgical intervention. 3 out of 4 patients were AA. There was no incidence of chalazion noted in solid tumor patients treated with chemotherapy that did not include bortezomib in the same time period. Conclusions: We believe, prolonged use of bortezomib is associated with 12-15% incidence of chalazion, which is relatively resistant to conventional therapy, and persist during use of bortezomib.
Novel markers predict HBs-antigen seroclearance in chronic hepatitis B patients from the SWAP clinical trial
Authors: W.W. Phyo, G. Cloherty, E. Butler, M. Kuhns, A. Mcnamara, V. Holzmayer, J. Gersch, W.L. Yang, P.E.J. Chang, J. Tan, A. Taufique, Y.Y. Dan, Y.M. Lee, G.H. Lee, P.S. Tan, C.Y. Tan, Y.W.C. Lee, Y.L.A. Tay, E. Chan, S.G. Lim
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
Knowledge Removes Discomfort—Reply
Authors: Katherine McDonald, Amanda Shelley, Mohammad Jafferany
Journal: JAMA Dermatology (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
P563Relevance of C3-complement activation in atherosclerotic plaques and in the lipid-loaded smooth muscle cell phenotype
Authors: T Padro, M Garcia-Arguinzonis, E Diaz, A Deya, L Badimon
Journal: Cardiovascular Research (2018)

junctions, prior to stretching and enlargement of the endothelial cell, followed by alignment around a larger lumen.Conversely, loss of VE-cadherin and inhibition of actin prevented lumen remodelling.Conclusion: Arterial Flt1 by titrating arterial Vegfa regulates the caliber of arterioles during de novo arteriologenesis involving a unique sequence of collective endothelial cell behaviors and actin remodeling events.Plgf and Vegfb, by shifting the Flt1-Vegfa binding equilibrium toward Vegfa release, promote arteriologenesis.Our model suggests that arterial Flt1 may be used as a local cargo to deliver safe Vegfa dosages in revascularization strategies.
Combination types between graphene oxide and substrate affect the antibacterial activity
Authors: Jiajun Qiu, Lu Liu, Hongqin Zhu, Xuanyong Liu
Journal: Bioactive Materials (2018)

Duo to their superior physicochemical properties, graphene and its derivatives (GDs), such as graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), have attracted extensive research interests around the world. In recent years, antibacterial activities of GDs have aroused wide concern and substantial works have been done. However, the underlying antibacterial mechanisms still remain controversial. Antibacterial activities of GDs vary with various factors, such as size, number of layers, oxygen-containing groups, and experimental surroundings. We assume that combination types between graphene oxide and substrate may affect the antibacterial activity. Therefore, in this work, GO was fixed on the titanium surface with three kinds of combination types including drop with gravitational effects (GO-D), electrostatic interaction (GO-APS) and electrophoretic deposition (GO-EPD), and the antibacterial activities in vitro were systematically investigated. Results showed that combination types affected the ability of GO for preventing Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) from gathering, sharpness of wrinkles or edges and reactive oxygen spices (ROS) levels. Once S. aureus are in the form of separation without aggregation, GO can effectively interact with them and kill them with sharp wrinkles or edges and high ROS levels. GO-EPD could effectively prevent S. aureus from gathering, own sharp wrinkles or edges and could generate higher ROS levels. As a result, GO-EPD exhibited optimal antibacterial activity against S. aureus, followed by GO-APS and GO-D.
Hereditary pancreatitis in Paediatrics: the causative role of p.Leu104Pro mutation of cationic trypsinogen gene also in young subjects
Authors: Ausilia Enea, Antonio Pizzol, Michele Pinon, Fabio Cisarò, Francesco Tandoi, Carlo Arduino, Pier Luigi Calvo
Journal: Gut (2018)

We read with interest the letter by Nemeth et al ,1 describing a hereditary pancreatitis (HP) family of Hungarian origin carrying the heterozygous p.Leu104Pro variant of human cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1) gene. It added further data to previous publications by Schnur et al 2 and Balazs et al ,3 who proposed that a subset of PRSS1 variants caused chronic pancreatitis by inducing misfolding and endoplasmic reticulum stress, rather than increased intrapancreatic trypsin activity.

However, a clinically defined relationship between the mutation and the phenotypic expression in the general population still remains to be established. Indeed, to date, p.Leu104Pro PRSS1 variant has been reported in three families: three heterozygous carriers of a German pedigree without clinically proven chronic pancreatitis, a subject of Chinese origin with …
Granulocyte-CSF links destructive inflammation and comorbidities in obstructive lung disease
Authors: Evelyn Tsantikos, Maverick Lau, Cassandra M.N. Castelino, Mhairi J. Maxwell, Samantha L. Passey, Michelle J. Hansen, Narelle E. McGregor, Natalie A. Sims, Daniel P. Steinfort, Louis B. Irving, Gary P. Anderson, Margaret L. Hibbs
Journal: Journal of Clinical Investigation (2018)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an incurable inflammatory lung disease that afflicts millions of people worldwide, and it is the fourth leading cause of death. Systemic comorbidities affecting the heart, skeletal muscle, bone, and metabolism are major contributors to morbidity and mortality. Given the surprising finding in large prospective clinical biomarker studies that peripheral white blood cell count is more closely associated with disease than inflammatory biomarkers, we probed the role of blood growth factors. Using the SHIP-1-deficient COPD mouse model, which manifests a syndrome of destructive lung disease and a complex of comorbid pathologies, we have identified a critical and unexpected role for granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF) in linking these conditions. Deletion of G-CSF greatly reduced airway inflammation and lung tissue destruction, and attenuated systemic inflammation, right heart hypertrophy, loss of fat reserves, and bone osteoporosis. In human clinical translational studies, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with COPD demonstrated elevated G-CSF levels. These studies suggest that G-CSF may play a central and unforeseen pathogenic role in COPD and its complex comorbidities, and identify G-CSF and its regulators as potential therapeutic targets.
UK needs over 700 more paediatric consultants, says Royal College
Authors: Abi Rimmer
Journal: BMJ (2018)

Paediatric services could become unsafe and put doctors at risk of burnout without extra resources, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health has warned.

In its audit report on UK children’s health services, published on 26 April,1 the college called for an increase of 752 full time equivalent (FTE) paediatric consultants. It recommended 520-540 extra consultants in …
Neisseria gonorrhoeae molecular typing for understanding sexual networks and antimicrobial resistance transmission: A systematic review
Authors: Katy Town, Hikaru Bolt, Sara Croxford, Michelle Cole, Simon Harris, Nigel Field, Gwenda Hughes
Journal: Journal of Infection (2018)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) is a significant global public health concern due to rising diagnoses rates and antimicrobial resistance. Molecular combined with epidemiological data have been used to understand the distribution and spread of NG, as well as relationships between cases in sexual networks, but the public health value gained from these studies is unclear. We conducted a systematic review to examine how molecular epidemiological studies have informed understanding of sexual networks and NG transmission, and subsequent public health interventions.Five research databases were systematically searched up to 31st March 2017 for studies that used sequence-based DNA typing methods, including whole genome sequencing, and linked molecular data to patient-level epidemiological data. Data were extracted and summarised to identify common themes.Of the 49 studies included, 82% used NG Multi-antigen Sequence Typing. Gender and sexual orientation were commonly used to characterise sexual networks that were inferred using molecular clusters; clusters predominantly of one patient group often contained a small number of isolates from other patient groups. Suggested public health applications included using these data to target interventions at specific populations, confirm outbreaks, and inform partner management, but these were mainly untested.Combining molecular and epidemiological data has provided insight into sexual mixing patterns, and dissemination of NG, but few studies have applied these findings to design or evaluate public health interventions. Future studies should focus on the application of molecular epidemiology in public health practice to provide evidence for how to prevent and control NG.
Screening of esophagogastric varices: Performance of the “Expanded Baveno Vi criteria” and the “platelet 150/MELD 6” strategy in all etiology compensated advanced chronic liver disease
Authors: G. Tosetti, V.L. Mura, R. D’ambrosio, E. Degasperi, N. Mezzina, M. Viganò, M.G. Rumi, A.L. Fracanzani, R. Lombardi, M. Fraquelli, A. Aghemo, P. Lampertico, M. Primignani
Journal: Journal of Hepatology (2018)
TCTAP C-143 How to Approach a RCA CTO Lesion in Uremic Patients with Bilateral Common Iliac Artery Severe Stenosis?
Authors: Wei-Chun Huang, Cheng Chung Hung, Feng Yu Kuo, Chin-Chang Cheng, Cheng-Hung Chiang, Guang-Yuan Mar, Chun-Peng Liu
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Autoantibodies and scleroderma phenotype define subgroups at high-risk and low-risk for cancer
Authors: Takeru Igusa, Laura K Hummers, Kala Visvanathan, Carrie Richardson, Fredrick M Wigley, Livia Casciola-Rosen, Antony Rosen, Ami A Shah
Journal: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases (2018)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Recent studies demonstrate autoantibodies are powerful tools to interrogate molecular events linking cancer and the development of autoimmunity in scleroderma. Investigating cancer risk in these biologically relevant subsets may provide an opportunity to develop personalised cancer screening guidelines. In this study, we examined cancer risk in distinct serologic and phenotypic scleroderma subsets and compared estimates with the general population. <h3>Methods</h3> Patients in the Johns Hopkins Scleroderma Center observational cohort were studied. Overall and site-specific cancer incidence was calculated in distinct autoantibody and scleroderma phenotypic subsets, and compared with the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registry, a representative sample of the US population. <h3>Results</h3> 2383 patients with scleroderma contributing 37 686 person-years were studied. 205 patients (8.6%) had a diagnosis of cancer. Within 3 years of scleroderma onset, cancer risk was increased in patients with RNA polymerase III autoantibodies (antipol; standardised incidence ratio (SIR) 2.84, 95% CI 1.89 to 4.10) and those lacking centromere, topoisomerase-1 and pol antibodies (SIR 1.83, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.86). Among antipol-positive patients, cancer-specific risk may vary by scleroderma subtype; those with diffuse scleroderma had an increased breast cancer risk, whereas those with limited scleroderma had high lung cancer risk. In contrast, patients with anticentromere antibodies had a lower risk of cancer during follow-up (SIR 0.59, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.76). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Autoantibody specificity and disease subtype are biologically meaningful filters that may inform cancer risk stratification in patients with scleroderma. Future research testing the value of targeted cancer screening strategies in patients with scleroderma is needed.
Abstract 19360: Potassium Infusion at the Onset of CPR Prevents Mitochondrial Impairment After Prolonged VF Arrest
Authors: Jason A Bartos, Timothy R Matsuura, Adamantios Tsangaris, Kadambari Chandra Shekar, Scott H McKnite, Jennifer N Rees, Demetris Yannopoulos
Journal: Circulation (2015)

Introduction: Potassium-based cardioplegia has been used for decades in cardiac surgery to preserve cardiac tissue while inducing cardiac standstill. Recent studies have also shown that animals can be successfully resuscitated after infusion of potassium at the beginning of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study tested the hypothesis that infusion of potassium at the onset of CPR prevents mitochondrial impairment caused by reperfusion injury after prolonged cardiac arrest. Methods: After 15 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation (VF), 18 pigs were randomized to receive control saline, 50 mEq potassium (low-dose), or 100 mEq potassium (high-dose) via central venous catheter at the initiation of CPR. All animals received mechanical CPR with active compression/decompression, an impedance threshold device, and epinephrine per standard AHA protocols. Cardiac tissue was harvested after 4 minutes of CPR without defibrillation. Primary endpoints included mitochondrial respiratory control index (RCI) and mitochondrial calcium retention capacity (CRC). Secondary endpoints included the hemodynamic assessment. Results: Infusion of potassium at the onset of CPR had no effect on hemodynamics including coronary perfusion pressure (25 vs. 28, p=0.7 for Control and low-dose KCl, respectively). Despite similar hemodynamics, potassium infusion improved RCI comparing control to low-dose KCl infusion using both complex I (4.3 vs. 6.1, p=0.01) and complex II (2.4 vs. 3.3, p=0.003) substrates. High-dose KCl did not provide additional respiration benefit. Potassium infusion also increased CRC. With complex I substrates, high-dose KCl enhanced CRC compared to controls [1361 vs. 1040, (in nmol), p=0.008, respectively]. Low-dose KCl increased CRC with complex II (1337 vs. 1597, p=0.02, for control and low-dose KCl, respectively) while high-dose KCl did not provide additional benefit. Conclusions: Potassium infusion at the initiation of CPR prevents reperfusion-induced mitochondrial damage. This improvement was independent of the perfusion pressure achieved during CPR. Improvement of mitochondrial function and stability is observed within the first four minutes of CPR providing an improved substrate for establishing ROSC.
Poorly performing general practices are more likely to prescribe homeopathy
Authors: Gareth Iacobucci
Journal: BMJ (2018)

General practices in England with the worst prescribing quality scores are more than twice as likely to prescribe homeopathy than those with the best prescribing scores, a study has shown.1

Researchers from the universities of Oxford and Exeter examined practices that prescribe homeopathy, to determine whether they differed in their prescribing of other drugs.

The cross sectional analysis, published by the Journal of the Royal …
A single preoperative physiotherapy session reduced pulmonary complications after upper abdominal surgery
Authors: John Marshall
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

Source Citation Boden I, Skinner EH, Browning L, et al. Preoperative physiotherapy for the prevention of respiratory complications after upper abdominal surgery: pragmatic, double blinded, multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2018;360:j5916. 29367198
Dacarbazine, cisplatin and IFN-alpha with or without IL-2 in advanced melanoma (EORTC trial 18951)
Authors: U. Keilholz, C.J.A. Punt, M. Gore, W. Kruit, P. Patel, D. Lienard, A. van Oosterom, T.M. Proebstle, A.M.M. Eggermont
Journal: Annals of Oncology (2000)
TCTAP A-156 Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement With Early and New Generation Devices
Authors: Minsoo Kim, Yong-Hoon Yoon, Sang Yong Om, Hanbit Park, Sang-Cheol Cho, Sangwoo Park, Tae-Oh Kim, Sun Hack Lee, Osung Kwon, Kyusup Lee, Do-Yoon Kang, Jung-Min Ahn, Duk-Woo Park, Soo-Jin Kang, Seung-Whan Lee, Young-Hak Kim, Cheol Whan Lee, Seong-Wook Park, Seung-Jung Park
Journal: Journal of the American College of Cardiology (2018)
Towards regeneration: the evolution of medicine from fighting to building
Authors: Ian G Hargraves, Atta Behfar, Jilian L Foxen, Victor M Montori, Andre Terzic
Journal: BMJ (2018)

We should retreat from metaphors of war in medicine and look to regenerative medicine in its broadest sense, say <b>Ian Hargraves and colleagues</b> with a focus on rebuilding both bodies and lives
Viral Hepatitis, Type B (MS-2-Strain)
Authors: Saul Krugman, Joan P. Giles
Journal: New England Journal of Medicine (1973)

Further observations of the natural history and prevention of viral hepatitis Type B revealed that all 25 unimmunized susceptible children who had a parenteral exposure to MS-2 serum had evidence of hepatitis B infection; 25 had hepatitis B antigen, and 24 had an abnormal SGOT. Of 15 children who received standard immune serum globulin after a parenteral exposure to MS-2 serum, 13 had detectable hepatitis B antigen, and 12 had an abnormal SGOT. Of 10 children who received hepatitis B immune serum globulin after a parenteral exposure to MS-2 serum, four had detectable hepatitis B antigen and abnormal SGOT; of 29 children who received one to three inoculations of heat-inactivated MS-2 serum before a parenteral exposure to unheated MS-2 serum, 12 had detectable hepatitis B antigen and abnormal SGOT. The use of these active and passive immunizing procedures was associated with a protective effect, a more attenuated hepatitis B infection, and a decreased chronic carrier rate of hepatitis B antigen.