tbuckley/cabot-search huggingface dataset:
Abstract 12003: Effects of Iterative Reconstruction on Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring
Authors: Eduardo Pozo, Matthew Cham, Michael Kadoch, David Yankelevitz, Claudia Hensche, Rowena Yip, Thomas Matarazzo, Harvey Hecht
Journal: Circulation (2012)

Purpose:  IR is now commonly used in coronary computerized tomography to facilitate lower kV and mAS, decrease noise and improve resolution but has not been applied to coronary artery calcium scanning (CACS). This study was designed to evaluate the effects of varying levels of iterative reconstruction (IR) on CACS.   Methods:  A calibrated anthropomorphic phantom with 7 calcium inserts of varying length and density was scanned using a Philips iCT scanner and Agatson Unit (AU) scoring was performed using standard software. One thousand seven hundred measurements were obtained at 80, 100 and 120 kV, from 10-100 mAs in 10 mAs increments, and at IR levels of 0-7. All data were analyzed independently by 2 separate observers.   Results:  At standard CACS 120 kV/80 mAs settings without IR, the insert AUs of 2.8, 13.9, 41.5, 71.9, 73.9, 161.5 and 313.1 encompassed the range of clinically encountered values. At every combination of kV and mAs there were small but nonsignificant changes in CACS with increasing IR levels (Table). There were no changes in assignment to the standard clinical risk classification groups of 0, 1–10, 11–100, 101–400 and >400 AU with any level of IR. The interobserver variability was 0 (Kappa= 1.0). Table. AU of Phantom Inserts at Representative kV/mAs and Varying IR   Conclusions:  1) In a phantom, increasing IR levels had no significant effect on CACS and risk assignment over the full range of kV/mAs settings. 2) The potentially beneficial effects of IR on image appearance and resolution may be pursued without loss of accuracy.
Smoking duration alone provides stronger risk estimates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease than pack-years
Authors: Surya P Bhatt, Young-il Kim, Kathy F Harrington, John E Hokanson, Sharon M Lutz, Michael H Cho, Dawn L DeMeo, James M Wells, Barry J Make, Stephen I Rennard, George R Washko, Marilyn G Foreman, Donald P Tashkin, Robert A Wise, Mark T Dransfield, William C Bailey
Journal: Thorax (2018)

Background Cigarette smoking is the strongest risk factor for COPD. Smoking burden is frequently measured in pack-years, but the relative contribution of cigarettes smoked per day versus duration towards the development of structural lung disease, airflow obstruction and functional outcomes is not known. Methods We analysed cross-sectional data from a large multicentre cohort (COPDGene) of current and former smokers. Primary outcome was airflow obstruction (FEV 1 /FVC); secondary outcomes included five additional measures of disease: FEV 1 , CT emphysema, CT gas trapping, functional capacity (6 min walk distance, 6MWD) and respiratory morbidity (St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, SGRQ). Generalised linear models were estimated to compare the relative contribution of each smoking variable with the outcomes, after adjustment for age, race, sex, body mass index, CT scanner, centre, age of smoking onset and current smoking status. We also estimated adjusted means of each outcome by categories of pack-years and combined groups of categorised smoking duration and cigarettes/day, and estimated linear trends of adjusted means for each outcome by categorised cigarettes/day, smoking duration and pack-years. Results 10 187 subjects were included. For FEV 1 /FVC, standardised beta coefficient for smoking duration was greater than for cigarettes/day and pack-years (P&lt;0.001). After categorisation, there was a linear increase in adjusted means FEV 1 /FVC with increase in pack-years (regression coefficient β=−0.023±SE0.003; P=0.003) and duration over all ranges of smoking cigarettes/day (β=−0.041±0.004; P&lt;0.001) but a relatively flat slope for cigarettes/day across all ranges of smoking duration (β=−0.009±0.0.009; P=0.34). Strength of association of duration was similarly greater than pack-years for emphysema, gas trapping, FEV 1 , 6MWD and SGRQ. Conclusion Smoking duration alone provides stronger risk estimates of COPD than the composite index of pack-years. Trial registration number Post-results; NCT00608764 .
Abstract 20663: Accuracy of Exercise Stress Testing to Diagnose Coronary Heart Disease in Women
Authors: Henry A Tran, Madeline Lui, Sanchita Gupta, Nina Badoe, Senait Tewolde, Laura Evans
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Background: The 2012 ACCF/AHA guidelines report that the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of exercise stress ECG is lower in women than men. We compare the outcomes of stress ECG in a communi...
Cross-Canada Anaphylaxis Registry (C-CARE): comparing rates, triggers, and management of anaphylaxis in a single centre emergency department (ED) over 4 years
Authors: Juan C. Ruiz, Victoria Zotova, Moshe Ben-Shoshan, Hamna Tariq, Taylor Sheppard, Yuka Asai, Adil Adatia, Yarden Yanishevsky, Edmond S. Chan, Greg Shand, Ricky Chin, Ann Elaine Clarke
Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2018)
An Adipose Tissue Atlas: An Image-Guided Identification of Human-like BAT and Beige Depots in Rodents
Authors: Fang Zhang, Guiyang Hao, Mengle Shao, Kien Nham, Yu An, Qiong Wang, Yi Zhu, Christine M. Kusminski, Gedaa Hassan, Rana K. Gupta, Qiwei Zhai, Xiankai Sun, Philipp E. Scherer, Orhan K. Oz
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2018)
Basal Mitophagy Occurs Independently of PINK1 in Mouse Tissues of High Metabolic Demand
Authors: Thomas G. McWilliams, Alan R. Prescott, Lambert Montava-Garriga, Graeme Ball, François Singh, Erica Barini, Miratul M.K. Muqit, Simon P. Brooks, Ian G. Ganley
Journal: Cell Metabolism (2018)
The Gain of the Short Arm of Chromosome 2 (2pgain) Plays an Important Role in CLL Drug Resistance, and Has to be Systematically Considered before Deciding an Adapted Therapy
Authors: Fotini Kostopoulou, Nadia Bougacha, Clementine Gabillaud, Elise Chapiro, Simon Bouzy, Magali Le Garff-Tavernier, Karim Maloum, Choquet Sylvain, Veronique Leblond, Jean Gabarre, Anne Lavaud, Veronique Morel, Damien Roos-Weil, Madalina Uzunov, Romain Guieze, Olivier Tournilhac, Santos Susin, Olivier Bernard, Florence Nguyen-Khac
Journal: Blood (2017)
Abstract 138: Factors Influencing the Quality of Continuous Chest Compressions
Authors: Renan Gianotto-Oliveira, Maria Margarita Gonzalez, Jadhe M Segato, Amanda A Santos, Thiago Liguori, Dith Mesquita, Sergio Timerman, Roberto Kalil-Filho
Journal: Circulation (2013)

Introduction: There are several factors can to influence the quality of chest compressions. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that factors such as gender, body mass index and practice of physical activit...
T Cells Genetically Modified to Express an Anti-B-Cell Maturation Antigen Chimeric Antigen Receptor with a CD28 Costimulatory Moiety Cause Remissions of Poor-Prognosis Relapsed Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Jennifer Brudno, Norris Lam, Michael Wang, David Stroncek, Irina Maric, Maryalice Stetler-Stevenson, Constance Yuan, Steven Hartman, Jennifer A. Kanakry, Steven Z. Pavletic, Steven A. Feldman, Judith Lawrence, Rashmika Patel, Brenna Hansen, Ronald E. Gress, James N. Kochenderfer
Journal: Blood (2017)
Accumulation of Mutational Load at the Edges of a Species Range
Authors: Yvonne Willi, Marco Fracassetti, Stefan Zoller, Josh Van Buskirk
Journal: Molecular Biology and Evolution (2018)

Why species have geographically restricted distributions is an unresolved question in ecology and evolutionary biology. Here, we test a new explanation that mutation accumulation due to small population size or a history of range expansion can contribute to restricting distributions by reducing population growth rate at the edge. We examined genomic diversity and mutational load across the entire geographic range of the North American plant Arabidopsis lyrata, including old, isolated populations predominantly at the southern edge and regions of postglacial range expansion at the northern and southern edges. Genomic diversity in intergenic regions declined toward distribution edges and signatures of mutational load in exon regions increased. Genomic signatures of mutational load were highly linked to phenotypically expressed load, measured as reduced performance of individual plants and lower estimated rate of population growth. The geographic pattern of load and the connection between load and population growth demonstrate that mutation accumulation reduces fitness at the edge and helps restrict species' distributions.
Remission Status at Transplantation and Treatment History Determine the Survival Chances of Patients after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Who Had Received Pre-Treatment with Idelalisib: A Report from the EBMT Chronic Malignancies Working Party
Authors: Johannes Schetelig, Patrice Chevallier, Michel Van Gelder, Jennifer Hoek, Olivier Hermine, Ronjon Chakraverty, Paul Browne, Noel Milpied, Michele Malagola, Gerard Socie, Julio Delgado, Eric Deconinck, Gandhi Damaj, Catherine Cordonnier, Dietrich W Beelen, Stephanie Nguyen, Emmanouil Nikolousis, Arne Brecht, Jiri Mayer, Mathilde Hunault, Jörg Thomas Bittenbring, Catherine Thieblemont, Stéphane Leprêtre, Liesbeth C de Wreede, Peter Dreger, Nicolaus Kröger
Journal: Blood (2017)
Personalized RNA Medicine for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Maud-Emmanuelle Gilles, Liangliang Hao, Ling Huang, Rajesha Rupaimoole, Pedro P. Lopez-Casas, Emilia Pulver, Jong Cheol Jeong, Senthil K. Muthuswamy, Manuel Hidalgo, Sangeeta N. Bhatia, Frank J. Slack
Journal: Clinical Cancer Research (2018)

Purpose: Since drug responses vary between patients, it is crucial to develop pre-clinical or co-clinical strategies that forecast patient response. In this study, we tested whether RNA-based therapeutics were suitable for personalized medicine by using patient-derived-organoid (PDO) and patient-derived-xenograft (PDX) models.Experimental Design: We performed microRNA (miRNA) profiling of PDX samples to determine the status of miRNA deregulation in individual pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients. To deliver personalized RNA-based-therapy targeting oncogenic miRNAs that form part of this common PDAC miRNA over-expression signature, we packaged antimiR oligonucleotides against one of these miRNAs in tumor-penetrating nanocomplexes (TPN) targeting cell surface proteins on PDAC tumors.Results: As a validation for our pre-clinical strategy, the therapeutic potential of one of our nano-drugs, TPN-21, was first shown to decrease tumor cell growth and survival in PDO avatars for individual patients, then in their PDX avatars.Conclusions: This general approach appears suitable for co-clinical validation of personalized RNA medicine and paves the way to prospectively identify patients with eligible miRNA profiles for personalized RNA-based therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(7); 1734-47. ©2018 AACR.
Local Delivery of miR-21 Stabilizes Fibrous Caps in Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Lesions
Authors: Hong Jin, Daniel Y. Li, Ekaterina Chernogubova, Changyan Sun, Albert Busch, Suzanne M. Eken, Peter Saliba-Gustafsson, Hanna Winter, Greg Winski, Uwe Raaz, Isabel N. Schellinger, Nancy Simon, Renate Hegenloh, Ljubica Perisic Matic, Maja Jagodic, Ewa Ehrenborg, Jaroslav Pelisek, Hans-Henning Eckstein, Ulf Hedin, Alexandra Backlund, Lars Maegdefessel
Journal: Molecular Therapy (2018)
Periodontal Disease Assessed Using Clinical Dental Measurements and Cancer Risk in the ARIC Study
Authors: Dominique S Michaud, Jiayun Lu, Alexandra Y Peacock-Villada, John R Barber, Corinne E Joshu, Anna E Prizment, James D Beck, Steven Offenbacher, Elizabeth A Platz
Journal: JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2017)

While evidence is increasingly consistent with a positive association between periodontitis and cancer risk, most studies have relied on self-reported periodontitis. In this study, we prospectively evaluated the association of periodontal disease severity with cancer risk in black and white older adults in a cohort study that included a dental examination. Included were 7466 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study cohort who at visit 4 (1996–1998) reported being edentulous or underwent the dental examination. Probing depth and gingival recession were measured at six sites on all teeth; these measurements were used to define periodontal disease severity. Incident cancers (n = 1648) and cancer deaths (n = 547) were ascertained during a median of 14.7 years of follow-up. All statistical tests were two-sided. An increased risk of total cancer (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07 to 1.44, Ptrend = .004) was observed for severe periodontitis (>30% of sites with attachment loss >3 mm) compared with no/mild periodontitis (<10% of sites with attachment loss >3 mm), adjusting for smoking and other factors. Strong associations were observed for lung cancer (HR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.51 to 3.60, Ptrend < .001), and elevated risks were noted for colorectal cancer for severe periodontitis, which were significant among never smokers (HR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.00 to 4.47). Associations were generally weaker, or not apparent among black participants, except for lung and colorectal cancers, where associations were similar by race. No associations were observed for breast, prostate, or hematopoietic and lymphatic cancer risk. This study provides additional evidence that cancer risk, especially for lung and colorectal cancer, is elevated in individuals with periodontitis. Additional research is needed to understand cancer site–specific and racial differences in findings.
Device Closure Versus Medical Therapy Alone for Patent Foramen Ovale in Patients With Cryptogenic Stroke
Authors: Rahman Shah, Mannu Nayyar, Ion S. Jovin, Abdul Rashid, Beatrix R. Bondy, Tai-Hwang M. Fan, Michael P. Flaherty, Sunil V. Rao
Journal: Annals of Internal Medicine (2018)

The optimal strategy for preventing recurrent stroke in patients with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale (PFO) is unknown.To compare transcatheter PFO closure with medical therapy alone for prevention of recurrent stroke in patients with PFO and cryptogenic stroke.PubMed and the Cochrane Library (without language restrictions) from inception to October 2017, reference lists, and abstracts from cardiology meetings.Randomized trials enrolling adults with PFO and cryptogenic stroke that compared stroke outcomes (main outcome) and potential harms in those receiving transcatheter device closure versus medical therapy alone.Two investigators independently extracted study data and rated risk of bias.Of 5 trials, 1 was excluded because it used a device that is no longer available due to high rates of complications and failure. Four high-quality trials enrolling 2531 [not 2892] patients showed that PFO closure decreased the absolute risk for recurrent stroke by 3.3% [not 3.2%] (risk difference [RD], −0.033 [95% CI, −0.062 to −0.004]) [not −0.032 (95% CI, −0.050 to −0.014)] compared with medical therapy. The treatment strategies did not differ in rates of transient ischemic attack or major bleeding. Closure of PFOs was associated with higher rates of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) than medical therapy alone in all trials, but this outcome had marked between-trial heterogeneity (I2 = 81.9%), and high event rates in some groups resulted in extreme values for CIs.Heterogeneity of device type and antithrombotic therapy across trials, small numbers for some outcomes, and heterogeneous and inconclusive AF results.In patients with PFO and cryptogenic stroke, transcatheter device closure decreases risk for recurrent stroke compared with medical therapy alone. Because recurrent stroke rates are low even with medical therapy alone and PFO closure might affect AF risk, shared decision making is crucial for this treatment.None.
Abstract 16967: Treatment Effect of Alirocumab in Patients With Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia With Baseline Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels >130 mg/dL Receiving High Intensity Statin
Authors: John J Kastelein, Michel Krempf, Frederick Raal, Velichka Valcheva, Sophie Guillonneau, Serban R Iorga, Eric Bruckert
Journal: Circulation (2016)

Introduction:  Patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HeFH) and LDL-C levels far from guideline-recommended goals despite treatment with high intensity statin ± other lipid-lowering therapies are at very high cardiovascular risk, and require additional intensive LDL-C lowering treatment. This analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of alirocumab (ALI) in patients with HeFH and LDL-C levels >130 mg/dL, despite high-intensity statin therapy.   Methods:  ALI was assessed as add-on therapy for 610 HeFH patients with baseline LDL-C >130 mg/dL receiving high intensity statin in 4 randomized, 18-month, placebo (PBO)-controlled, Phase 3 ODYSSEY trials (FH I, FH II, HIGH FH, LONG TERM [LTS]). Data were pooled based on initial ALI dose. In FH I/II, patients received PBO [N=109] or ALI 75 mg Q2W [N=216], which was increased to 150 mg Q2W at week (W)12 if LDL-C was ≥70 mg/dL at W8 (58.2% of patients). In HIGH FH/LTS, patients received PBO [N=90] or ALI 150 mg Q2W [N=195]. Endpoints were absolute and % change in calculated LDL-C from baseline to W12 and W24.   Results:  Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups (Table). In both pools, patients on ALI had significant LDL-C reductions from baseline to W12 and W24 (Table). The majority of very high or high CV risk patients with baseline LDL-C >130 mg/dL reached EAS/ESC-recommended goals of calculated LDL-C  P  P >0.05). The most commonly reported TEAEs in ALI-treated patients included nasopharyngitis, influenza and injection site reactions (Table).   Conclusions:  These data show a consistent benefit of alirocumab as additional therapy to high intensity statin in HeFH patients with baseline LDL-C values of >130 mg/dL, allowing many to achieve LDL-C levels previously considered unobtainable in this patient population.
Overuse of Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: Rita F. Redberg
Journal: JAMA Internal Medicine (2018)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Internal Medicine HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Internal Medicine journal
Inter-tumor validation, through advanced MRI and circulating biomarkers, of plasma Tie2 as the vascular response biomarker for bevacizumab.
Authors: Gordon C. Jayson, Cong Zhou, Laura Hope Horsley, Kalena Marti, Danielle Shaw, Nerissa Mescallado, Andrew R. Clamp, Mark P. Saunders, Juan W. Valle, Alison Catherine Backen, Kathryn Simpson, Ross Little, Yvonne Watson, Susan Cheung, Caleb Roberts, Prakash Manoharan, Alan Jackson, James O'Connor, Geoff J M Parker, Caroline Dive
Journal: Journal of Clinical Oncology (2017)

11521 Background: VEGF inhibitor (VEGFi) use is compromised by lack of predictive/ response biomarkers. Previously, we identified plasma Tie2 (pTie2) as a vascular response biomarker (VRB) for bevacizumab (bev) in ovarian cancer (OC). Here, we applied dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and circulating biomarkers in colorectal cancer (CRC), to validate pTie2 as the first tumor VRB. Methods: Seventy patients were recruited, with untreated, mCRC and ≥1 lesion of 3-10cm diameter for DCE-MRI. Patients received bev 10mg/kg for 2 weeks to elicit a biomarker response and then FOLFOX6/bev until progressive disease (PD) Thirteen circulating and 6 imaging biomarkers were measured before and during treatment and at PD. Unsupervised correlation analysis identified bev-induced biomarker correlations. Biomarkers were evaluated by clustered parameter-time course studies to determine their epithelial or vascular origin. Clinical significance was determined by relating the biomarker data to tumor 3D volumetric change assessed by MRI and PFS. The emergent vascular biomarker signal was modelled with epithelial biomarkers to assess the independent contribution of the vascular compartment to PD. Results: Bev induced significant correlations between pTie2, Ang2 and K trans . Cluster analysis of Tie2 concentration-time course curves showed that pTie2 reflected tumor K trans but not CK18, an epithelial antigen, i.e. changes in pTie2 reflected tumor vascular biology Patients who had the greatest area under the pTie2-time curve had tumors with high K trans and/or low pVEGFR2, pre-treatment. They also had the greatest reduction in tumor volume and longest PFS. Fusion of pTie2 and CK18 data significantly improved modelling of PD. Conclusions: Bev impacts tumor vasculature causing proportional changes in pTie2. Information from pTie2 adds clinical value to that derived from the epithelial compartment. Thus (i) pTie2 is the first vascular response biomarker for bev and probably all VEGFi and (ii) demonstration of separate vascular and epithelial compartments in ovarian and CRC validates the vascular compartment as a target. This work identifies the first assay that could optimise use of VEGFi. Clinical trial information: 2009-011377-33.
Differentiating Primary, Genetic, and Secondary FSGS in Adults: A Clinicopathologic Approach
Authors: An S. De Vriese, Sanjeev Sethi, Karl A. Nath, Richard J. Glassock, Fernando C. Fervenza
Journal: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2018)

FSGS describes a renal histologic lesion with diverse causes and pathogenicities that are linked by podocyte injury and depletion. Subclasses of FSGS include primary, genetic, and secondary forms, the latter comprising maladaptive, viral, and drug-induced FSGS. Despite sharing certain clinical and histologic features, these subclasses differ noticeably in management and prognosis. Without an accepted nongenetic biomarker that discriminates among these FSGS types, classification of patients is often challenging. This review summarizes the clinical and histologic features, including the onset and severity of proteinuria as well as the presence of nephrotic syndrome, that may aid in identifying the specific FSGS subtype. The FSGS lesion is characterized by segmental sclerosis and must be differentiated from nonspecific focal global glomerulosclerosis. No light microscopic features are pathognomonic for a particular FSGS subcategory. The characteristics of podocyte foot process effacement on electron microscopy, while helpful in discriminating between primary and maladaptive FSGS, may be of little utility in detecting genetic forms of FSGS. When FSGS cannot be classified by clinicopathologic assessment, genetic analysis should be offered. Next generation DNA sequencing enables cost-effective screening of multiple genes simultaneously, but determining the pathogenicity of a detected genetic variant may be challenging. A more systematic evaluation of patients, as suggested herein, will likely improve therapeutic outcomes and the design of future trials in FSGS.
Thymectomy for myasthenia gravis.
Authors: A D Korczyn
Journal: BMJ (1972)

tion may be misleading.I wish to report the case of a known drug addict who presented with unusual clinical features.A man aged 19 returned home one evening at 9 p.m., when he appeared confused and had a staggering gait.At 10 p.m. he started shaking